instruction stringlengths 145 921 | input stringlengths 76 601 | response stringclasses 6 values |
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<Instruct>: Given the context 'We asked whether T-cell cross-reactivity between HCV and HIV could exist during HCV/HIV coinfection and affect pathogenesis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hiv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hiv (aka human immunodeficiency virus) (aka human immunodeficiency virus)
B: aids virus (aka human immunodeficiency virus 2)
C: aids virus (aka human immunodeficiency virus 1)
D: human immunodeficiency virus 3 (hiv (aka human immunodeficiency virus 3))
E: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our search for amino acid sequence homology between the HCV and HIV proteomes revealed two similar HLA-A2-restricted epitopes, HIV-Gag (SLYNTVATL', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hiv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aids virus (aka human immunodeficiency virus 2)
B: hiv (aka human immunodeficiency virus 3) (aka human immunodeficiency virus 3)
C: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 hiv 1 (aka human immunodeficiency virus 1)
D: hiv (aka human immunodeficiency virus) (aka human immunodeficiency virus)
E: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[HIV-SL9]) and HCV-NS5b (ALYDVVSKL [HCV-AL9]).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatovirus c
B: human hepatitis circovirus
C: hcv-h (aka hepatitis c virus (isolate h))
D: hcv (aka hepacivirus hominis) (aka hepacivirus hominis)
E: hepatitis c-like viruses (aka hepacivirus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '[HIV-SL9]) and HCV-NS5b (ALYDVVSKL [HCV-AL9]).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human hepatitis b virus (aka hepatitis b virus)
B: hepatitis c virus hcv (aka hepacivirus hominis)
C: hepatovirus c
D: human hepatitis circovirus
E: human hepatitis a virus (hhav (aka human hepatitis a virus))
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'HIV-infected individuals had CD8(+) T cells that recognized both the HIV-SL9 and HCV-AL9 epitopes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hiv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aids virus (aka human immunodeficiency virus 2)
B: human immunodeficiency virus (hiv (aka human immunodeficiency virus))
C: hiv (aka human immunodeficiency virus 3) (aka human immunodeficiency virus 3)
D: human immunodeficiency virus type 1, hiv-1 (aka human immunodeficiency virus 1)
E: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'HIV-infected individuals had CD8(+) T cells that recognized both the HIV-SL9 and HCV-AL9 epitopes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hiv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 hiv-1 (aka human immunodeficiency virus 1)
B: human immunodeficiency virus (hiv (aka human immunodeficiency virus))
C: hiv (aka human immunodeficiency virus 3) (aka human immunodeficiency virus 3)
D: aids virus (aka human immunodeficiency virus 2)
E: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although HCV-monoinfected individuals in our study did not show AL9-specific responses, we found that about half of HCV/HIV-coinfected individuals had dual responses to both epitopes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hiv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aids virus (aka human immunodeficiency virus 2)
B: human immunodeficiency virus (hiv (aka human immunodeficiency virus))
C: human immunodeficiency virus 3 (hiv (aka human immunodeficiency virus 3))
D: human immunodeficiency virus 1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1, hiv-1) (aka human immunodeficiency virus 1)
E: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This demonstrates that degeneracy of HIV-specific T cells may play a role in the immunopathology of HCV/HIV coinfection.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatitis c virus (aka hepacivirus hominis)
B: hhav (aka human hepatitis a virus) (aka human hepatitis a virus)
C: hepatitis c-like viruses (aka hepacivirus)
D: hcv-h (aka hepatitis c virus (isolate h))
E: hepatitis c virus subtype 6v
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This demonstrates that degeneracy of HIV-specific T cells may play a role in the immunopathology of HCV/HIV coinfection.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hcv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hepatovirus c
B: human hepatitis a virus (hhav (aka human hepatitis a virus))
C: hepacivirus (hepatitis c-like viruses) (aka hepacivirus)
D: hcv-hun (aka hepatitis c virus (isolate hunan))
E: hepatitis c virus hcv-kf (hepatitis c virus (isolate hcv-kf)) (aka hepatitis c virus hcv-kf)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This demonstrates that degeneracy of HIV-specific T cells may play a role in the immunopathology of HCV/HIV coinfection.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hiv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aids virus (aka human immunodeficiency virus)
B: human immunodeficiency virus 3 (hiv (aka human immunodeficiency virus 3))
C: hiv-1 (aka human immunodeficiency virus 1)
D: aids virus (aka human immunodeficiency virus 2)
E: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '"Slime molds" among the Tubulinea (Amoebozoa): molecular systematics and taxonomy of Copromyxa.
Copromyxa protea is a dung-inhabiting amoeboid organism that aggregates to form simple macroscopic fruiting structures, sorocarps, which are composed of a single cell type.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'copromyxa protea'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: heterogyna protea
B: pero protea
C: ootheca proteus
D: leptura proteus (aka acmaeops proteus)
E: copromyxa protea
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In a recent effort to find the phylogenetic positions of the less well-known sorocarpic protists considered to be "cellular slime molds," or aggregatively fruiting amoebae, we isolated C. protea and sequenced the nuclear-encoded small subunit ribosomal RNA gene from four samples collected from cattle farms in the central USA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. protea'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pero protea
B: pseudocladosporium proteae (aka cladophialophora proteae)
C: coleophora proterella
D: callidium proteus (aka meriellum proteus)
E: copromyxa protea
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In a recent effort to find the phylogenetic positions of the less well-known sorocarpic protists considered to be "cellular slime molds," or aggregatively fruiting amoebae, we isolated C. protea and sequenced the nuclear-encoded small subunit ribosomal RNA gene from four samples collected from cattle farms in the central USA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cattle'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bos bubalis bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis bubalis)
B: bos indicus (bos primigenius indicus) (aka bos indicus)
C: bos bubalis (aka bubalus bubalis)
D: cow (aka bos taurus) (aka bos taurus)
E: ruminococcus bovis
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Phylogenetic analyses of these data place C. protea in the eukaryotic supergroup', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. protea'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: protea
B: crepidula protea
C: chaetocnema protensa
D: copromyxa protea
E: coccus proteae (aka marsipococcus proteae)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In fact, Copromyxa protea is found to be very closely related to Hartmannella cantabrigiensis and to a since lost amoeba isolate, Hartmannella sp. 4/3Da/10.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'copromyxa protea'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: callidium proteus (aka meriellum proteus)
B: parlatoria proteus (aspidiotus proteus) (aka parlatoria proteus)
C: cladophialophora proteae (pseudocladosporium proteae) (aka cladophialophora proteae)
D: copromyxa protea
E: probythinella protera
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In fact, Copromyxa protea is found to be very closely related to Hartmannella cantabrigiensis and to a since lost amoeba isolate, Hartmannella sp. 4/3Da/10.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hartmannella cantabrigiensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trechus caliginis
B: copromyxa cantabrigiensis (aka hartmannella cantabrigiensis)
C: gahnia baniensis
D: hypericibacter terrae
E: gramella echinicola (aka christiangramia echinicola)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In fact, Copromyxa protea is found to be very closely related to Hartmannella cantabrigiensis and to a since lost amoeba isolate, Hartmannella sp. 4/3Da/10.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'hartmannella sp. 4/3da/10'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hartmannella sp. hclccof-001
B: hartmannella sp. 2 4/3da/10
C: hartmannella sp. mbc_3h
D: harttia sp.
E: hartmannella sp. t5-5
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This new grouping of Copromyxa+H. cantabrigiensis is sister to Glaeseria, which together are sister to the Amoebidae (Amoeba+Chaos).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'h. cantabrigiensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: haematococcus zimbabwiensis (aka balticola zimbabwiensis)
B: hypericibacter terrae
C: hartmannella cantabrigiensis (copromyxa cantabrigiensis) (aka hartmannella cantabrigiensis)
D: helictotrichon cantabricum
E: geothermobacter hydrogeniphilus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We suggest renaming, H. cantabrigiensis as C. cantabrigiensis and designate isolate 4/3Da/10 as C. protea.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. cantabrigiensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trechus caliginis
B: clonopsis gallica
C: iberobathynella cantabriensis
D: sporothrix cantabriensis
E: copromyxa cantabrigiensis (aka hartmannella cantabrigiensis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We suggest renaming, H. cantabrigiensis as C. cantabrigiensis and designate isolate 4/3Da/10 as C. protea.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. cantabrigiensis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: clavaria glossoides (aka calocera glossoides)
B: cochliobolus australiensis (aka curvularia tsudae)
C: campanula cantabrica
D: veronica canterburiensis
E: trechus caliginis
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We suggest renaming, H. cantabrigiensis as C. cantabrigiensis and designate isolate 4/3Da/10 as C. protea.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. protea'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: noumea protea (aka verconia protea)
B: chlamydomonas proteus
C: coccus proteae (aka marsipococcus proteae)
D: coleophora proterella
E: ootheca proteus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Tuber melanosporum: mating type distribution in a natural plantation and dynamics of strains of different mating types on the roots of nursery-inoculated host plants.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tuber melanosporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: french truffle (aka tuber melanosporum)
B: stibaroma melanotoxa
C: tuber melanoexcavatum
D: penicillium melanosporum
E: glomus melanosporum
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In light of the recent finding that Tuber melanosporum, the ectomycorrhizal ascomycete that produces the most highly prized black truffles, is a heterothallic species, we monitored the spatial distribution of strains with opposite mating types (MAT) in a natural truffle ground and followed strain dynamics in artificially inoculated host plants grown under controlled conditions.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tuber melanosporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: monotagma tuberosum
B: french truffle (aka tuber melanosporum)
C: tuber xanthomonosporum
D: tuber sphaerosporum
E: tuber polymorphosporum
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In light of the recent finding that Tuber melanosporum, the ectomycorrhizal ascomycete that produces the most highly prized black truffles, is a heterothallic species, we monitored the spatial distribution of strains with opposite mating types (MAT) in a natural truffle ground and followed strain dynamics in artificially inoculated host plants grown under controlled conditions.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'black truffles'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: white truffle (aka tuber magnatum)
B: chinese black truffle (aka tuber himalayense)
C: tuber nigrum
D: french truffle (aka tuber melanosporum)
E: tuber aestivum (red-grained black truffle) (aka tuber aestivum)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In light of the recent finding that Tuber melanosporum, the ectomycorrhizal ascomycete that produces the most highly prized black truffles, is a heterothallic species, we monitored the spatial distribution of strains with opposite mating types (MAT) in a natural truffle ground and followed strain dynamics in artificially inoculated host plants grown under controlled conditions.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'truffle'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: winter truffle (aka tuber brumale)
B: black truffle (aka tuber melanosporum)
C: tuber suave
D: summer truffle (aka tuber aestivum)
E: truffle symbionts
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In a natural truffle ground, ectomycorrhizas (ECMs), soil samples and fruit bodies were sampled and genotyped to determine mating types.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'truffle'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: whitish truffle (aka tuber borchii)
B: trugon terrestris
C: black truffle (aka tuber melanosporum)
D: truffles (aka tuber)
E: tuber suave
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The present study deepens our understanding of the vegetative and sexual propagation modes of T. melanosporum.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. melanosporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trichoderma album
B: tuber melanorufum
C: perigord truffle (aka tuber melanosporum)
D: tuber melosporum (picoa melospora) (aka tuber melosporum)
E: trichoderma chlamydosporum
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These results are highly relevant for truffle cultivation.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'truffle'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: chinese black truffle (aka tuber himalayense)
B: winter truffle (aka tuber brumale)
C: whitish truffle (aka tuber borchii)
D: gray truffle (aka tuber magnatum)
E: french truffle (aka tuber melanosporum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We tested whether the house mouse (Mus domesticus), a model olfactory predator, would use cue context and spatial variability when searching for buried food items; specifically, we tested the effect of varying cue patchiness, odour strength, and cue-prey association on mouse foraging success.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'house mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus cricetus (aka cricetus cricetus)
B: mice (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
C: mouse (aka mus musculus)
D: servant mouse (aka mus famulus)
E: western wild mouse (aka mus spretus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We tested whether the house mouse (Mus domesticus), a model olfactory predator, would use cue context and spatial variability when searching for buried food items; specifically, we tested the effect of varying cue patchiness, odour strength, and cue-prey association on mouse foraging success.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mus domesticus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus (aka mus <genus>) (aka mus <genus>)
B: mus spretus (mus musculus spretus) (aka mus spretus)
C: mus arvalis (aka microtus arvalis)
D: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
E: mus domesticus (aka mus musculus domesticus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We tested whether the house mouse (Mus domesticus), a model olfactory predator, would use cue context and spatial variability when searching for buried food items; specifically, we tested the effect of varying cue patchiness, odour strength, and cue-prey association on mouse foraging success.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mus domesticus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
B: mus agrarius (aka apodemus agrarius)
C: mus bella (aka mus musculoides)
D: mus castaneus (aka mus musculus castaneus)
E: western european house mouse (aka mus musculus domesticus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We tested whether the house mouse (Mus domesticus), a model olfactory predator, would use cue context and spatial variability when searching for buried food items; specifically, we tested the effect of varying cue patchiness, odour strength, and cue-prey association on mouse foraging success.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus terricolor (earth-colored mouse) (aka mus terricolor)
B: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: southeastern asian house mouse (aka mus musculus castaneus)
D: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
E: mouse (aka mus <genus>)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Within mouse- and predator-proof enclosures, we created grids of 100 sand-filled Petri dishes and buried peanut pieces in a set number of these patches to represent visually cryptic 'prey'.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus macedonicus (macedonian mouse) (aka mus macedonicus)
B: mus famulus (servant mouse) (aka mus famulus)
C: mus musculus musculus (eastern european house mouse) (aka mus musculus musculus)
D: western wild mouse (aka mus spretus)
E: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Within mouse- and predator-proof enclosures, we created grids of 100 sand-filled Petri dishes and buried peanut pieces in a set number of these patches to represent visually cryptic 'prey'.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'peanut'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: spanish peanut (aka arachis hypogaea var. vulgaris)
B: phaseolus max (aka glycine max)
C: ground-nut (aka arachis hypogaea)
D: hog-peanut (aka vigna subterranea)
E: ansola
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'By adding peanut oil to selected dishes, we varied the spatial distribution of prey odour relative to the distribution of prey patches in each grid, to reflect different levels of cue patchiness (Experiment 1), odour strength (Experiment 2) and cue-prey association (Experiment 3).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'peanut'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: poa ramifera
B: arachis glabrata (rhizoma peanut) (aka arachis glabrata)
C: hog-peanut (aka vigna subterranea)
D: arachis hypogaea (ground-nut) (aka arachis hypogaea)
E: spanish peanut (aka arachis hypogaea var. vulgaris)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We measured the overnight foraging success of individual mice (percentage of searched patches containing prey), as well as their foraging activity (percentage of patches searched), and prey survival (percentage of unsearched prey patches).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus musculus castaneus (southeastern asian house mouse) (aka mus musculus castaneus)
B: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
C: mus terricolor (earth-colored mouse) (aka mus terricolor)
D: mus famulus (servant mouse) (aka mus famulus)
E: western wild mouse (aka mus spretus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Mouse foraging success was highest where odour cues were patchy rather than uniform (Experiment 1), and where cues were tightly associated with prey location, rather than randomly or uniformly distributed (Experiment 3).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mouse'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mouse (aka mus musculus)
B: mus famulus (servant mouse) (aka mus famulus)
C: mus macedonicus (macedonian mouse) (aka mus macedonicus)
D: mus terricolor (earth-colored mouse) (aka mus terricolor)
E: mus domesticus (aka mus musculus domesticus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, when cues at prey patches were ten times stronger than a uniformly distributed weak background odour, mice did not improve their foraging success over that experienced when cues were of uniform strength and distribution (Experiment 2).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'mice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mus macedonicus (macedonian mouse) (aka mus macedonicus)
B: mus musculus domesticus (western european house mouse) (aka mus musculus domesticus)
C: western wild mouse (aka mus spretus)
D: mus molossinus (aka mus musculus molossinus)
E: house mouse (aka mus musculus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We studied the physiology of Song Wrens (Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus) across their geographical range on the isthmus of Panama, an area characterized by a strong rainfall gradient.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'song wrens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: canyon wren (aka catherpes mexicanus)
B: musician wren (aka cyphorhinus arada)
C: setagrotis vocalis (agrotis vocalis) (aka setagrotis vocalis)
D: gryllus vocalis
E: songius
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We studied the physiology of Song Wrens (Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus) across their geographical range on the isthmus of Panama, an area characterized by a strong rainfall gradient.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cyphorhinus phaeocephalus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dactylogyrus pharyngocephalus
B: xerocomus phaeocephalus (aka boletus phaeocephalus)
C: cyperus leucocephalus
D: cyperus phaeolepis
E: cyphorhinus phaeocephalus
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Song Wrens are completely absent from the driest third of the isthmus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'song wrens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: eurasian wren (aka troglodytes troglodytes)
B: house wren (aka troglodytes aedon)
C: western grasswren (aka amytornis textilis)
D: canyon wren (aka catherpes mexicanus)
E: eastern winter wren (aka troglodytes hiemalis)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Song Wrens are completely absent from the driest third of the isthmus.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'song wrens'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: setagrotis vocalis (agrotis vocalis) (aka setagrotis vocalis)
B: eurasian wren (aka troglodytes troglodytes)
C: eastern winter wren (aka troglodytes hiemalis)
D: musician wren (aka cyphorhinus arada)
E: song thrush (aka turdus philomelos)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'SGT1 contributes to coronatine signaling and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato disease symptom development in tomato and Arabidopsis.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans
B: pseudomonas syringae subsp. syringae (aka pseudomonas syringae)
C: pseudomonas syringae tomato (aka pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato)
D: pseudomonas syringae pv. panici
E: pseudomonas syringae icmp 18806
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'SGT1 contributes to coronatine signaling and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato disease symptom development in tomato and Arabidopsis.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tomato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lycopersicon esculentum (aka solanum lycopersicum)
B: solanum canense
C: solanum bicolor
D: solanum trifolium
E: solanum pyrifolium
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '* Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) causes an economically important bacterial speck disease on tomato and produces symptoms with necrotic lesions surrounded by chlorosis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pseudomonas syringae subsp. syringae (aka pseudomonas syringae)
B: pseudomonas syringae icmp 19498
C: pseudomonas syringae me.dv.p42
D: pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae sm
E: pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '* Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) causes an economically important bacterial speck disease on tomato and produces symptoms with necrotic lesions surrounded by chlorosis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pst dc3000'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: vector psta0.eck120029600
B: staphylococcus aureus dar3150
C: staphylococcus aureus a6300
D: staphylococcus aureus tush6001
E: staphylococcus aureus sa_tps3140
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context '* Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) causes an economically important bacterial speck disease on tomato and produces symptoms with necrotic lesions surrounded by chlorosis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tomato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solanum ipomoeoides
B: solanum bicolor
C: solanum dioicum
D: tomato (aka solanum lycopersicum)
E: solanum mammosum
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The chlorosis is mainly attributed to a jasmonic acid (JA)-isoleucine analogue, coronatine (COR), produced by Pst DC3000.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pst dc3000'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus sa_tps3150
B: staphylococcus aureus sa_tps3140
C: staphylococcus aureus dar2000
D: staphylococcus aureus dar3930
E: staphylococcus aureus dar3150
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we took advantage of a chlorotic phenotype elicited by COR on Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) as a rapid reverse genetic screening tool and identified a role for SGT1 (suppressor of G2 allele of skp1) in COR-induced chlorosis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'nicotiana benthamiana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nicotiana benthamiana
B: wild tobacco (aka nicotiana rustica)
C: nicotiana attenuata
D: nicotiana occidentalis
E: tobacco (aka nicotiana tabacum)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Silencing of SGT1 in tomato resulted in reduction of disease-associated symptoms (cell death and chlorosis), suggesting a molecular connection between COR-induced chlorosis and cell death.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tomato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solanum dioicum
B: tomato (aka solanum lycopersicum)
C: solanum trifolium
D: solanum canense
E: solanum mammosum
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In Arabidopsis, AtSGT1b but not AtSGT1a was required for COR responses, including root growth inhibition and Pst DC3000 symptom (water soaked lesion) development.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pst dc3000'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus scle6100
B: staphylococcus aureus a6300
C: staphylococcus aureus dar1980
D: staphylococcus aureus t74100
E: staphylococcus aureus dar3150
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Notably, overexpression of AtSGT1b did not alter Pst DC3000 symptoms or sensitivity to COR.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pst dc3000'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: vector psta0.eck120029600
B: staphylococcus aureus sa_tps3150
C: staphylococcus aureus sa_tps3140
D: staphylococcus aureus dar2000
E: staphylococcus aureus sa_tps3160
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Notably, overexpression of AtSGT1b did not alter Pst DC3000 symptoms or sensitivity to COR.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pst dc3000'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: vector psta0
B: staphylococcus aureus t32070
C: staphylococcus aureus t74100
D: staphylococcus aureus dar1800
E: staphylococcus aureus dar5800
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context '* Taken together, our results demonstrate that SGT1/SGT1b is required for COR-induced chlorosis and subsequent necrotic disease development in tomato and Arabidopsis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tomato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solanum florulentum
B: solanum sitiens
C: lycopersicon esculentum (aka solanum lycopersicum)
D: solanum taitense
E: solanum mammosum
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Comparison of transgene expression in Aedes aegypti generated by mariner Mos1 transposition and PhiC31 site-directed recombination.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aedes aegypti'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: stegomyia aegypti (aka aedes aegypti)
B: aedes malayi (aka culex malayi)
C: aedes aegypti queenslandensis (aka aedes aegypti aegypti)
D: culex niveus (aka aedes niveus)
E: aedes albopictus (asian tiger mosquito) (aka aedes albopictus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To avoid these effects, the PhiC31 site-directed recombination system was used to insert transgenes into a locus favourable for gene expression in Aedes aegypti.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aedes aegypti'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: culex alboannulatus (aka aedes alboannulatus)
B: aedes flavivirus
C: aedes fluviatilis (aka ochlerotatus fluviatilis)
D: aedes rossicus
E: yellow fever mosquito (aka aedes aegypti)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Site-directed recombination of line attP26 with an attB-containing donor expressing EGFP from the Ae. aegypti carboxypeptidase promoter produced one transgenic line with blood-fed females expressing the reporter in midgut tissue.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ae. aegypti'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: culex ochraceus (aka aedes ochraceus)
B: stegomyia aegypti (aka aedes aegypti)
C: aedes malayi (aka culex malayi)
D: culex niveus (aka aedes niveus)
E: aedes flavopictus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Docking strain attP26 also supported robust expression of Flock House virus B2 from the Ae. aegypti polyubiquitin promoter.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'flock house virus b2'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: flounder herpesvirus
B: flock house virus
C: chicken circovirus 2
D: fowl plague virus fpv (aka fowl plague virus)
E: guinea fowl circovirus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Docking strain attP26 also supported robust expression of Flock House virus B2 from the Ae. aegypti polyubiquitin promoter.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ae. aegypti'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: culex niveus (aka aedes niveus)
B: forest day mosquito (aka aedes albopictus)
C: culex atropalpus (aka aedes atropalpus)
D: aedes aegypti (aedes (stegomyia) aegypti) (aka aedes aegypti)
E: culex ochraceus (aka aedes ochraceus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our data confirm that eye-specific selection marker expression alone is not a reliable indicator for robust gene-of-interest expression in Ae. aegypti and that the PhiC31 system can ensure predictable transgene expression in this mosquito species.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ae. aegypti'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: culex malayi (aedes malayi) (aka culex malayi)
B: aedes flavopictus
C: culex niveus (aka aedes niveus)
D: culex ochraceus (aka aedes ochraceus)
E: stegomyia aegypti (aka aedes aegypti)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Optimization of the Gal4-UAS system in an Anopheles gambiae cell line.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'anopheles gambiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: anopheles gambiae (anopheles gambiae sensu stricto) (aka anopheles gambiae)
B: anopheles vagus
C: anopheles (aka anopheles <genus>)
D: anopheles persiensis
E: anopheles gambiae m (aka anopheles coluzzii)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The development of the bipartite Gal4-UAS system in Anopheles gambiae would improve the functional characterization of genes in this important malaria vector.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'anopheles gambiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: american malaria mosquito (aka anopheles darlingi)
B: anopheles dispar
C: anopheles parvus
D: anopheles gambiae s (aka anopheles gambiae)
E: anopheles gambiae m (aka anopheles coluzzii)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Towards this aim, we used Gal4 driver plasmids to successfully activate expression of the reporter gene, luciferase, from UAS responder plasmids when cotransfected into an An. gambiae cell line.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'an. gambiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: anopheles (aka anopheles <genus>)
B: african malaria mosquito (aka anopheles funestus)
C: anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (aka anopheles gambiae)
D: anopheles vagus
E: anopheles dispar
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Towards this aim, we used Gal4 driver plasmids to successfully activate expression of the reporter gene, luciferase, from UAS responder plasmids when cotransfected into an An. gambiae cell line.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'an. gambiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: anopheles vagus
B: mosquito (aka anopheles cruzii)
C: anopheles gigas
D: anopheles arabiensis
E: anopheles ainshamsi
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The identification of Gal4-UAS vectors that are efficiently expressed in a mosquito cell line should facilitate the transfer of this versatile expression system to An. gambiae, and potentially to other insects of medical importance.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'an. gambiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: anopheles arabiensis
B: anopheles gigas
C: anopheles dispar
D: anopheles gambiae s (aka anopheles gambiae)
E: anopheles vagus vagus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Host translational control of a polydnavirus, Cotesia plutellae bracovirus, by sequestering host eIF4A to prevent formation of a translation initiation complex.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotesia plutellae bracovirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cotesia chilonis bracovirus
B: cotesia glomerata bracovirus (aka bracoviriform glomeratae)
C: cotesia ruficrus bracovirus
D: cotesia marginiventris bracovirus (aka bracoviriform marginiventris)
E: cotesia plutallae bracovirus (aka cotesia plutellae bracovirus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Two host translation inhibitory factors (HTIFs) have been proposed in Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotesia plutellae bracovirus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cotesiavirus chinense
B: cotesia rubecula polydnavirus (aka bracoviriform rubeculae)
C: cotesia marginiventris bracovirus (aka bracoviriform marginiventris)
D: cotesia plutallae bracovirus (aka cotesia plutellae bracovirus)
E: cotesia ruficrus bracovirus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Two host translation inhibitory factors (HTIFs) have been proposed in Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cpbv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bovine coronavirus bcv (aka bovine coronavirus)
B: bovine circovirus
C: butlers creek virus
D: buffalo creek virus
E: bovine calicivirus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Parasitization by C. plutellae inhibited storage protein 1 (SP1) synthesis of Plutella xylostella at post-transcriptional level.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. plutellae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: plutella hyperboreella
B: plutella xylostella granulovirus
C: plutellus
D: volutella leucaenae
E: cotesia plutellae (aka cotesia vestalis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Parasitization by C. plutellae inhibited storage protein 1 (SP1) synthesis of Plutella xylostella at post-transcriptional level.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'plutella xylostella'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: plutella australiana
B: plutella karsholtella
C: plutella porrectella (plutella (pseudoplutella) porrectella) (aka plutella porrectella)
D: cabbage moth (aka plutella xylostella)
E: pleurota gallicella
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'One HTIF, CpBV15Beta, inhibited the translation of SP1 mRNA in an in vitro translation assay using rabbit reticulocyte lysate, but did not inhibit its own mRNA.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rabbit'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oryctolagus cuniculus (japanese white rabbit) (aka oryctolagus cuniculus)
B: swamp rabbit (aka sylvilagus aquaticus)
C: desert hare (aka lepus tibetanus)
D: pygmy rabbit (aka brachylagus idahoensis)
E: riverine rabbit (aka bunolagus monticularis)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context '3. Stable isotope values from body tissues with different turnover rates were used to quantify patterns of individual specialization in two species of 'generalist' sharks (bull sharks, Carcharhinus leucas, and tiger sharks, Galeocerdo cuvier).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bull sharks'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: great white shark (aka carcharodon carcharias)
B: bignose shark (aka carcharhinus altimus)
C: bull shark (aka carcharhinus leucas)
D: bullisichthys
E: smalltail shark (aka carcharhinus porosus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context '3. Stable isotope values from body tissues with different turnover rates were used to quantify patterns of individual specialization in two species of 'generalist' sharks (bull sharks, Carcharhinus leucas, and tiger sharks, Galeocerdo cuvier).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'carcharhinus leucas'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: carcharias melanopterus (aka carcharhinus melanopterus)
B: whitecheek shark (aka carcharhinus coatesi)
C: squalus carcharias (aka carcharodon carcharias)
D: lucyna carcharodon
E: carcharias leucas (aka carcharhinus leucas)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context '3. Stable isotope values from body tissues with different turnover rates were used to quantify patterns of individual specialization in two species of 'generalist' sharks (bull sharks, Carcharhinus leucas, and tiger sharks, Galeocerdo cuvier).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tiger sharks'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: felis tigris (aka panthera tigris)
B: carcharias
C: tiger shark (aka galeocerdo cuvier)
D: tiger fish (aka hydrocynus brevis)
E: elephant shark (aka callorhinchus milii)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context '3. Stable isotope values from body tissues with different turnover rates were used to quantify patterns of individual specialization in two species of 'generalist' sharks (bull sharks, Carcharhinus leucas, and tiger sharks, Galeocerdo cuvier).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tiger sharks'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tiger fish (aka hydrocynus brevis)
B: carcharias
C: tigris catfish (aka silurus triostegus)
D: sand tiger shark (aka carcharias taurus)
E: tiger catshark (aka halaelurus natalensis)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context '3. Stable isotope values from body tissues with different turnover rates were used to quantify patterns of individual specialization in two species of 'generalist' sharks (bull sharks, Carcharhinus leucas, and tiger sharks, Galeocerdo cuvier).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'galeocerdo cuvier'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: galeodes caspius
B: chorebus glabriculus
C: gammarus glabratus
D: galeocerdo cuvieri (aka galeocerdo cuvier)
E: odontolabis cuvera
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context '4. Despite wide population-level isotopic niche breadths in both species, isotopic values of individual tiger sharks varied across tissues with different turnover rates.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tiger sharks'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tigris catfish (aka silurus triostegus)
B: tiger moray eel (aka scuticaria tigrina)
C: tiger cats (aka dasyurus)
D: sand tiger shark (aka carcharias taurus)
E: tiger shark (aka galeocerdo cuvier)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The population niche breadth was explained mostly by variation within individuals suggesting tiger sharks are true generalists.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tiger sharks'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tiger fish (aka hydrocynus brevis)
B: sand tiger shark (aka carcharias taurus)
C: tiger rockfish (aka sebastes nigrocinctus)
D: tiger shark (aka galeocerdo cuvier)
E: thresher sharks (aka alopiinae <sharks & rays>)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In contrast, isotope values of individual bull sharks were stable through time and their wide population level niche breadth was explained by variation among specialist individuals.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bull sharks'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bullhead sharks (aka heterodontidae)
B: bignose shark (aka carcharhinus altimus)
C: bull shark (aka carcharhinus leucas)
D: cow sharks (aka hexanchidae)
E: smalltail shark (aka carcharhinus porosus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The differences in individual dietary specialization between tiger sharks and bull sharks results in different functional roles in coupling or compartmentalizing distinct food webs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tiger sharks'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tigris catfish (aka silurus triostegus)
B: tiger moray (aka scuticaria tigrina)
C: tiger shark (aka galeocerdo cuvier)
D: salmo tigridis
E: ground sharks (aka carcharhiniformes)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The differences in individual dietary specialization between tiger sharks and bull sharks results in different functional roles in coupling or compartmentalizing distinct food webs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bull sharks'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: thresher sharks (aka alopiinae <sharks & rays>)
B: great white shark (aka carcharodon carcharias)
C: spinous shark (aka echinorhinus brucus)
D: crested bullhead shark (aka heterodontus galeatus)
E: bull shark (aka carcharhinus leucas)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Effects of experimental harvest on the survival and cause-specific mortality of willow ptarmigan.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'willow ptarmigan'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: willow tit (aka poecile montanus)
B: american pussy willow (aka salix discolor)
C: pussy willow (aka salix cinerea)
D: willow leaf beetle (aka chrysomela vigintipunctata)
E: willow ptarmigan (aka lagopus lagopus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The effects of harvest on the annual and seasonal survival of willow ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus L. were tested in a large-scale harvest experiment.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'willow ptarmigan'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: willow ptarmigan (aka lagopus lagopus)
B: water-willow (aka decodon verticillatus)
C: pussy willow (aka salix cinerea)
D: meadow willow (aka salix petiolaris)
E: tortured willow (aka salix matsudana)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The effects of harvest on the annual and seasonal survival of willow ptarmigan Lagopus lagopus L. were tested in a large-scale harvest experiment.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lagopus lagopus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lagurus lagurus (mus lagurus) (aka lagurus lagurus)
B: ochroma lagopus
C: lagopus lagopus koreni
D: palisota lagopus
E: tetrao lagopus (aka lagopus lagopus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Natural mortality of ptarmigan was highest during autumn movements and nesting by gyrfalcons Falco rusticolus L. Mortality was low when gyrfalcons had departed for coastal wintering sites, and during summer when ptarmigan were attending nests and broods.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'gyrfalcons'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gyrfalcon (aka falco rusticolus)
B: gyrophallus
C: gyranthera
D: gyrothyris
E: gyrohypnus sulcifrons (aka leptacinus sulcifrons)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Natural mortality of ptarmigan was highest during autumn movements and nesting by gyrfalcons Falco rusticolus L. Mortality was low when gyrfalcons had departed for coastal wintering sites, and during summer when ptarmigan were attending nests and broods.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'gyrfalcons'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gyrdicotylus
B: gyrinops
C: gyrohypnus sulcifrons (aka leptacinus sulcifrons)
D: gyrothyris
E: gyratrix
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Natural mortality of ptarmigan was highest during autumn movements and nesting by gyrfalcons Falco rusticolus L. Mortality was low when gyrfalcons had departed for coastal wintering sites, and during summer when ptarmigan were attending nests and broods.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'falco rusticolus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: falco vespertinus (red-footed falcon) (aka falco vespertinus)
B: falco rusticolus (gyrfalcon) (aka falco rusticolus)
C: falco zoniventris
D: falco rufigularis
E: falco gallicus (aka circaetus gallicus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Natural mortality of ptarmigan was highest during autumn movements and nesting by gyrfalcons Falco rusticolus L. Mortality was low when gyrfalcons had departed for coastal wintering sites, and during summer when ptarmigan were attending nests and broods.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'gyrfalcons'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gyrographa
B: gyrocotyle
C: gyrocheilus
D: gyrocheilos
E: gyrfalcon (aka falco rusticolus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We reared tadpoles of the Neotropical treefrog Dendropsophus ebraccatus with or without cues from a predator (Belostoma sp.) in ecologically relevant warm or cool temperatures.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dendropsophus ebraccatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dendrobates braccatus (aka ameerega braccata)
B: dendropsophus ebraccatus (hourglass treefrog) (aka dendropsophus ebraccatus)
C: dendropsophus microcephalus (yellow cricket treefrog) (aka dendropsophus microcephalus)
D: dendropsophus kubricki
E: colladonus eburatus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The transporter diversity of Magnaporthe oryzae.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'magnaporthe oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hannaella oryzae (bullera oryzae) (aka hannaella oryzae)
B: meloidogyne oryzae
C: pestalotiopsis oryzae
D: pyricularia oryzae (magnaporthe oryzae b.c. couch, 2002) (aka pyricularia oryzae)
E: aspergillus oryzae (ahlb.) cohn, 1884 (aka aspergillus oryzae)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The genome of Magnaporthe oryzae contains four TRK, one HAK, and two ACU genes.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'magnaporthe oryzae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: magnaporthe oryzae b.c. couch, 2002 (aka pyricularia oryzae)
B: hannaella oryzae (bullera oryzae) (aka hannaella oryzae)
C: monotospora oryzae (aka nigrospora oryzae)
D: magnaporthe grisea (aka pyricularia grisea)
E: magnaporthiopsis rhizophila (magnaporthe rhizophila) (aka magnaporthiopsis rhizophila)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The study of the expression of these genes at high K(+), K(+) starvation, and in infected rice leaves revealed that the expression of four genes, ACU1, ACU2, HAK1, and TRK1 is much lower than that of TRK2, TRK3, and TRK4, except under K(+) starvation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oryza meridionalis (australian wild rice) (aka oryza meridionalis)
B: oryza sativa (asian cultivated rice) (aka oryza sativa)
C: ricegrass (aka oryzopsis)
D: indian rice (aka oryza sativa indica group)
E: oryzihumus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These two ATPases endow Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the capacity to grow for several generations in low Na(+) concentrations when K(+) was absent, which produces a dramatic increase of cellular Na(+)/K(+) ratio.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'saccharomyces cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces drosophilarum (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
B: saccharomyces fermentati (aka torulaspora delbrueckii)
C: saccharomyces ovalis (aka malassezia furfur)
D: megasphaera cerevisiae
E: saccharomyces italicus (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Citrate uptake in exchange with intermediates in the citrate metabolic pathway in Lactococcus lactis IL1403.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lactococcus lactis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lactococcus insecticola
B: streptococcus lactis b (aka lactococcus cremoris)
C: paenibacillus lactis
D: lactic streptococci (aka lactococcus)
E: streptococcus lactis (lister 1873) lohnis 1909 (approved lists 1980) (aka lactococcus lactis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Carbohydrate/citrate cometabolism in Lactococcus lactis results in the formation of the flavor compound acetoin.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lactococcus lactis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lactococcus insecticola
B: lactobacillus xylosus (aka lactococcus lactis)
C: ruminococcus lactaris (aka [ruminococcus] lactaris)
D: paenibacillus lactis
E: lactic streptococci (aka lactococcus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Resting cells of strain IL1403(pFL3) rapidly consumed citrate while producing acetoin when substoichiometric concentrations of glucose or l-lactate were present.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'il1403'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacterium imcc11711
B: bacterium enrichment culture clone ob127
C: staphylococcus aureus m1117
D: bacterium enrichment culture clone ob111
E: staphylococcus aureus m1181
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Resting cells of strain IL1403(pFL3) rapidly consumed citrate while producing acetoin when substoichiometric concentrations of glucose or l-lactate were present.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'il1403'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: staphylococcus aureus m1073
B: bacterium ic1311
C: bacterium enrichment culture clone ob121
D: bacterium enrichment culture clone ob111
E: staphylococcus aureus m1181
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It follows that citrate metabolism in L. lactis IL1403(pFL3) splits up in two routes after the formation of pyruvate, one the well-characterized route yielding acetoin and the other a new route yielding acetate.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'l. lactis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lactococcus insecticola
B: lactic streptococci (aka lactococcus)
C: lactococcus carnosus
D: lacticaseibacillus zeae (lactobacterium zeae) (aka lacticaseibacillus zeae)
E: lactococcus lactis (streptococcus lactis (lister 1873) lohnis 1909 (approved lists 1980)) (aka lactococcus lactis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Pathways to immunity: temporal dynamics of the bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) immune response against a trypanosomal gut parasite.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bombus terrestris'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: buff-tailed bumblebee (aka bombus terrestris)
B: bombus borealis
C: bombus montivagus (aka bombus trifasciatus)
D: bombus (aka bombus <genus>)
E: bombus xanthopus (bombus terrestris xanthopus) (aka bombus xanthopus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Using a gene discovery approach, we have identified genes relating to signalling, enzymatic processes and respiration that were up-regulated in the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, during infection with the trypanosomatid parasite, Crithidia bombi.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'bombus terrestris'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bombus terrestris terrestris (apis terrestris terrestris) (aka bombus terrestris terrestris)
B: apis terrestris (aka bombus terrestris)
C: bombus terricola
D: bombus (aka bombus <genus>)
E: bombus confusus (bombus paradoxus) (aka bombus confusus)
F: None of the above. | B |
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