question stringlengths 4 11.7k | answer stringlengths 1 26k | evidence stringlengths 0 37.7k | yes_no bool 2
classes | paper_index int64 0 519 ⌀ | paper_id stringclasses 846
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
What sentence-level features were re-implemented? | TF.IDFweighted bag of words (998 features), part-ofspeech tags (25 features), named entities as recognized by Alchemy API4 (20 features), sentiment score from Alchemy API (1 feature), and number of tokens in the target sentence (1 feature). | ClaimBuster-based (1,045 S features; core): First, in order to be able to compare our model and features directly to the previous state of the art, we re-implemented, to the best of our ability, the sentence-level features of ClaimBuster as described in BIBREF9, namely TF.IDF-weighted bag of words (998 features), part-... | false | 388 | null |
Bioinformatics | Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data, in particular when the data sets are large and complex. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines biology, chemistry, physics, computer science, information engineering, mathe... | false | null | null | |
How do I get good at magic tricks? | You can get good at magic through hours and hours of practice. Getting a deck of cards and learning how to hold them and do flourishes is a great way to start because magic takes extreme dexterity that is built through muscle memory in the hands. This takes hours and hours of repetition to get good at. Other factor... | false | null | null | |
What is single-cell sequencing? | Single-cell sequencing examines the sequence information from individual cells with optimized next-generation sequencing technologies, providing a higher resolution of cellular differences and a better understanding of the function of an individual cell in the context of its microenvironment. For example, in cancer, se... | false | null | null | |
Why is it unfeasible to monitor all user-generated content manually? | Beceuse of the amount of information on the Web. | Web 2.0 has had a substantial impact on communication and relationships in today's society. Children and teenagers go online more frequently, at younger ages, and in more diverse ways (e.g. smartphones, laptops and tablets). Although most of teenagers' Internet use is harmless and the benefits of digital communication ... | false | 249 | null |
What does the Obilic Medal commemorate? | The Obilić Medal was established in 1847, and is the highest military decoration granted to soldiers in Montenegro for acts of great personal courage, or for personal courage demonstrated on the battlefield. | "The Obilić Medal (Serbian: Обилића медаља) or Medal for Bravery ""Miloš Obilić"" was a medal established by Petar II Petrović-Njegoš as the highest military decoration in Montenegro, based on the cult of national hero Miloš Obilić.
The official name of the medal was the Medal for Bravery ""Miloš Obilić"" but it was k... | false | null | null |
What faithfulness criteria does they propose? | The answers are shown as follows:
* Across models and tasks: The degree (as grayscale) of faithfulness at the level of specific models and tasks.
* Across input space: The degree of faithfulness at the level of subspaces of the input space, such as neighborhoods of similar inputs, or singular inputs themselves.
| We argue that a way out of this standstill is in a more practical and nuanced methodology for defining and evaluating faithfulness. We propose the following challenge to the community: We must develop formal definition and evaluation for faithfulness that allows us the freedom to say when a method is sufficiently faith... | false | null | 2004.03685 |
What US Generals were killed at the Battle of Ox Hill? | General Isaac Stevens and General Phillip Kearny were both killed at the Battle of Ox Hill on September 1, 1862. | false | null | null | |
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Daxophone, Kobza | Kobza is string, Daxophone is percussion. | false | null | null | |
What additional, simpler baselines do they evaluate? | A baseline using representations from word2vec, using Latent Dirichlet Allocation and a baseline assigns sentences. | We encode multi-domain data at the sentence level into vector representations. We then cluster these vector representations for each model using a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) with $k$ pre-defined clusters. We chose GMM as our clustering approach as it allows soft assignments (vs. hard assignments as in e.g. K-means) w... | false | 251 | null |
What is the oldest manufacturer of cymbals? | Turkish company, Zildjian, was founded in 1623 in then-Ottoman Empire. It is best known for its cymbals. | false | null | null | |
what is use of cryogenics in virology ? | Certain vaccines must be only stored at cryogenic temperature (ultra low temperatures of order -90 to -60 degree celcius / -130 F to -76 F) | Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is one of the most common methods to determine the physical and chemical properties of atoms by detecting the radio frequency absorbed and subsequent relaxation of nuclei in a magnetic field. This is one of the most commonly used characterisation techniques and has applications in numer... | false | null | null |
From this passage, what is the main benefit of TCP? | TCP attempts to ensure that data is sent in the proper order under non-optimal and unpredictable network conditions, and informs the source if it was not successful. | At the lower levels of the protocol stack, due to network congestion, traffic load balancing, or unpredictable network behaviour, IP packets may be lost, duplicated, or delivered out of order. TCP detects these problems, requests re-transmission of lost data, rearranges out-of-order data and even helps minimize network... | false | null | null |
What did the authors use to analyze the tasks in this paper? | The authors used the Universal Langage Model Fine-tuning for Text Classification (ULMFiT) for analysis of two tasks. | We modify the method of Universal Langage Model Fine-tuning for Text Classification (ULMFiT) presented in Howard and Ruder BIBREF3 . The primary steps are:
Below we will give more detail on each step and the parameters used to generate our system.
We modify the method of Universal Langage Model Fine-tuning for Text Cla... | false | 151 | null |
What does question classification allow in the context of question answering? | In the context of question answering, question classification allows automated systems to intelligently target their inference systems to domain-specific solvers capable of addressing specific kinds of questions and problem solving methods with high confidence and answer accuracy. | Understanding what a question is asking is one of the first steps that humans use to work towards an answer. In the context of question answering, question classification allows automated systems to intelligently target their inference systems to domain-specific solvers capable of addressing specific kinds of questions... | false | 100 | null |
From the passage provided, extract detail on when John Rennie first led Duke to a NCAA college cup | John Rennie is an American college soccer coach and five-time winner of ACC Coach of the Year. While coach of the Duke soccer team he successfully led the team to five NCAA College Cups, the first of which was in 1982. | John Rennie is an American college soccer coach. He was a five-time ACC Coach of the Year and the 1982 NSCAA Coach of the Year. He attended Chatham High School in New Jersey. He then played baseball, soccer, and tennis for the Temple Owls.
In 1972, he was the head men's soccer coach at Southeastern Massachusetts, wher... | false | null | null |
Which pre-trained transformer do they use? | The answers are shown as follows:
* BIBREF5
| Our approach to FEVER is to fix the most obvious shortcomings of the baseline approaches to retrieval and entailment, and to train a sharp entailment classifier that can be used to filter a broad set of retrieved potential evidence. For the entailment classifier we compare Decomposable Attention BIBREF2 , BIBREF3 as im... | false | null | 1901.02534 |
Based on this article, what countries have implemented the use of a dead man zone? | Australia and the United States have used the dead man zone from Project Vesta | Outcomes from Project Vesta have been integrated into firefighter training in Australia and are beginning to appear in the United States.
Firefighters try to stay out of the dead man zone at all times, working from safe points such as burnt ground or a large area of non-burnable ground, such as a cricket or Australian... | false | null | null |
Which morphosyntactic features are thought to indicate irony or sarcasm? | The answers are shown as follows:
* all caps
* quotation marks
* emoticons
* emojis
* hashtags
| On the other hand, deep models for irony and sarcasm detection, which are currently offer state-of-the-art performance, have exploited sequential neural networks such as LSTMs and GRUs BIBREF15 , BIBREF23 on top of distributed word representations. Recently, in addition to using a sequential model, BIBREF14 proposed to... | false | null | 1809.09795 |
Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Opabinia, Dugong | Dugong is alive, Opabinia is extinct. | false | null | null | |
What are some common root vegetables for cooking? | Common root vegetables to use in cooking include potatoes, sweet potatoes, yams, carrots, parsnips, beets, turnips, and rutabagas. | false | null | null | |
Write a short story about a person talking about how they are going on an airplane journey for the first time. The story should include an unexpected sad outcome at the end. | Is it not amazing - a large piece of iron, weighing hundreds of tons, flying in the air? And not just that, also carrying hundreds of people along with it! I have always wondered about the marvels of technology and how the human spirit of enquiry and innovation conquers the possible challenges and finds solutions. I ho... | false | null | null | |
During WWII, how many Japanese Americans were forcibly relocated and incarcerated? | 125,284 | During World War II, the United States forcibly relocated and incarcerated at least 125,284 people of Japanese descent in 75 identified incarceration sites | false | null | null |
Which news organisations are the headlines sourced from? | The answers are shown as follows:
* BBC and CNN
| Here, we outline the required steps for developing a knowledge graph of interlinked events. Figure FIGREF2 illustrates the high-level overview of the full pipeline. This pipeline contains the following main steps, to be discussed in detail later. (1) Collecting tweets from the stream of several news channels such as BB... | false | null | 1808.02022 |
Provide a few ways that I can find new restaurants near me | So you're looking to find some new restaurants? Here are some suggestions you could try:
- Walk around your local area and look at the menus
- Use google maps to search for restaurants near you
- Ask local friends and neighbours for a recommendation
- Look for reviews in local magazines, both physical and online | false | null | null | |
Explain nuclear fission in the style of Jerry Seinfeld | Nuclear fission, smission, what's the big deal? You take an atom, hit the nucleus in the middle with some particle, and it splits up into smaller pieces. This releases a teeny bit of energy, because it's an atom, for goodness' sake, it's pretty tiny! And maybe if you're lucky, those little pieces hit other atoms and re... | false | null | null | |
What is the first edition of the task? | The first edition of the task focused on English→French, and it was found that local context (such as the verb group) was a strong signal for pronoun prediction. | Pronouns can serve a variety of functions with complex cross-lingual variation BIBREF12 , and hand-picked, manually annotated test suites have been presented for the evaluation of pronoun translation BIBREF13 , BIBREF14 , BIBREF9 . While suitable for analysis, the small size of the test suites makes it hard to make sta... | false | 183 | null |
What do the authors use to control for unigram and positional statistics? | The authors use word order permutations to control for unigram and positional statistics. | Among neural networks, LSTMs BIBREF0 are commonly used for language modeling. Although new architectures BIBREF1, BIBREF2 challenge this standard, LSTMs remain competitive for language modeling BIBREF3. However, despite the success of LM LSTMs, it is not clear what makes them so effective. In particular, are representa... | false | 276 | null |
what amounts of size were used on german-english? | The answers are shown as follows:
* ultra-low data condition (100k words of training data) and the full IWSLT 14 training corpus (3.2M words)
| Table TABREF18 shows the effect of adding different methods to the baseline NMT system, on the ultra-low data condition (100k words of training data) and the full IWSLT 14 training corpus (3.2M words). Our "mainstream improvements" add around 6–7 BLEU in both data conditions.
In the ultra-low data condition, reducing t... | false | null | 1905.11901 |
What is your biggest pet peeve when using email filters to organize your Inbox? | Most email productivity applications allow the creation of "folders" (ex. Microsoft Outlook) and others allow the creation of "labels" (ex. Gmail). But in both cases, the application allows you to organize emails by using filters or rules to automatically store them in a particular folder or apply a specific label for ... | false | null | null | |
How do I turn on my Tesla Y? | When you open a door to enter Model Y, the touchscreen powers on and you can operate all controls. To drive Model Y: Press the brake pedal - Model Y powers on and is ready to drive. | false | null | null | |
How are the bounds of attention transformation determined? | The bounds are determined by the fertility values of the source words. | Neural machine translation (NMT) emerged in the last few years as a very successful paradigm BIBREF0 , BIBREF1 , BIBREF2 , BIBREF3 . While NMT is generally more fluent than previous statistical systems, adequacy is still a major concern BIBREF4 : common mistakes include dropping source words and repeating words in the ... | false | 42 | null |
How to address the data bias issue as much as possible? | The authors address the data bias issue as much as possible by carefully analyzing the relationships of different variables in the data generating process. | While the demand for physical and manual labor is gradually declining, there is a growing need for a workforce with soft skills. Which soft skill do you think would be the most valuable in your daily life? According to an article in Forbes BIBREF0 , 70% of employed Americans agree that public speaking skills are critic... | false | 335 | null |
What are the majors in men's professional golf? | The four major tournaments are The Masters, The PGA Championship, The Open Championship and the U.S. Open. | false | null | null | |
How many episodes is Lost the TV series? | Lost has 6 seasons with 121 episodes. | Lost is an American science fiction drama television series created by Jeffrey Lieber, J. J. Abrams, and Damon Lindelof that aired on ABC from September 22, 2004, to May 23, 2010, over six seasons, comprising a total of 121 episodes. The show contains elements of supernatural fiction, and follows the survivors of a com... | false | null | null |
What were the baselines? | The answers are shown as follows:
* a BiLSTM over all words in the respective sequences with randomly initialised word embeddings, following BIBREF30
| The base sentence embedding model is a BiLSTM over all words in the respective sequences with randomly initialised word embeddings, following BIBREF30 . We opt for this strong baseline sentence encoding model, as opposed to engineering sentence embeddings that work particularly well for this dataset, to showcase the da... | false | null | 1909.03242 |
When was the theory of comparative advantage developed? | The classical theory of comparative advantage was developed in 1817 by David Ricardo. | In an economic model, agents have a comparative advantage over others in producing a particular good if they can produce that good at a lower relative opportunity cost or autarky price, i.e. at a lower relative marginal cost prior to trade. Comparative advantage describes the economic reality of the work gains from tra... | false | null | null |
Who invented Calculus? | Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invented the foundations of Calculus at around the same time. | false | null | null | |
What singer was born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou? | George Michael. | false | null | null | |
What is a good soccer club in Lake Washington area in the USA? | Crossfire is a good soccer club with Rec, Select and Premier levels | false | null | null | |
From the passage provided, extract the gravitational constant on Earth. Include the units of measurements. | 9.80665 m/s2 or 32.1740 ft/s2 | In SI units this acceleration is expressed in metres per second squared (in symbols, m/s2 or m·s−2) or equivalently in newtons per kilogram (N/kg or N·kg−1). Near Earth's surface, the gravity acceleration is approximately 9.81 m/s2 (32.2 ft/s2), which means that, ignoring the effects of air resistance, the speed of an ... | false | null | null |
how did they ask if a tweet was racist? | if it includes negative utterances, negative generalizations and insults concerning ethnicity, nationality, religion and culture. | The classification of racist insults presents us with the problem of giving an adequate definition of racism. More so than in other domains, judging whether an utterance is an act of racism is highly personal and does not easily fit a simple definition. The Belgian anti-racist law forbids discrimination, violence and c... | false | null | 1608.08738 |
What is The Sixth Extinction (The X-Files)? | "The Sixth Extinction" is the first episode of the seventh season of the science fiction television series The X-Files. It was first shown on the Fox network on November 7, 1999, in the United States. "The Sixth Extinction" helped to explore new aspects of the series' overarching mythology. The episode was written by C... | "The Sixth Extinction" is the first episode of the seventh season of the science fiction television series The X-Files. It was first shown on the Fox network on November 7, 1999, in the United States. The episode was written by Chris Carter and directed by Kim Manners. "The Sixth Extinction" earned a Nielsen household ... | false | null | null |
What is the meaning of 'akamai'? | clever | The company was named after akamai, which means 'clever,' or more colloquially, 'cool' in Hawaiian, which Lewin had discovered in a Hawaiian-English dictionary after the suggestion of a colleague. | false | null | null |
From the paragraph below, give me a list of all the places where Leonardo lived and his areas of knowledge and scientific expertise. | Leonardo was educated in Florence where he spent his early life, but then moved to Milan to work at the service of Sforza's family. Later in his life he also worked in Rome and finally he moved to France where he passed away in 1519. Leonardo was a scientist famous for his studies and publications on a variety of subje... | Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 1452 – 2 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. While his fame initially rested on his achievements as a painter, he also became known for his notebooks, in which... | false | null | null |
What is the difference between a resume and a cv? | The CV presents a complete history of various credentials like, academic, professional career, training, etc., so the length of the document can vary in some instances. In contrast, a resume is much more concise and primarily highlights specific skills and relevant qualifications for the particular job application. Hen... | false | null | null | |
My 12-year-old daughter asks me: "Why can't I have my own cellphone? Everyone else in my class have one. Without a cellphone, I cannot make friends with them, and I cannot join their conversations. I feel lonely and sad." How to properly respond to my daughter? Shall I give her a cellphone or not? | Dear daughter, I truly understand your feeling, and I don't want to keep you feel bad at school. I'm willing to give you anything that I can reasonably afford that makes you happy. However, I have some concerns that giving you a cellphone might harm you instead of making you happier. Can you address my concerns and mak... | false | null | null | |
Why is MPPT necessary? | The efficiency of transferring the power from the photovoltaic (PV) solar systems depends on many factors which change frequently. MPPT system purpose is to continuously adjust the parameters under which the system work to achieve the most efficient transfer of power from the solar system to the load. | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) or sometimes just power point tracking (PPT), is a technique used with variable power sources to maximize energy extraction as conditions vary. The technique is most commonly used with photovoltaic (PV) solar systems, but can also be used with wind turbines, optical power transmissio... | false | null | null |
Why did the Sahara experience a period of rapid desertification? | Sahara experienced a period of rapid desertification due to a tilt in the earth's orbit. | The size of the Sahara has historically been extremely variable, with its area rapidly fluctuating and at times disappearing depending on global climatic conditions. At the end of the Ice ages, estimated to have been around 10,500 BCE, the Sahara had again become a green fertile valley, and its African populations retu... | false | null | null |
What configuration of FLTrust was used? The size of the validation set used in FLTrust can make a difference as can the degree of non-iid bias. | We understand your description of ‘the validation set’ for FLTrust as the ‘root dataset’. In our paper, the root dataset is chosen as follows: the 60000 samples are randomly divided into 100 chunks, and 10 chunks are randomly chosen as the root dataset. Therefore, the resulting sample size in the root dataset is 6000. ... | We evaluate the efficacy in detecting malicious nodes within the federated learning framework with the use of three Datasets. The first is the FASHION-MNIST dataset, a dataset of 60,000 and 10,000 training and testing samples respectively divided into 10 classes of apparel. The second is CIFAR-10 (, a dataset of 60,000... | false | 491 | null |
What is open website for cataloguing abusive language data? | The answers are shown as follows:
* hatespeechdata.com
| Most detection systems rely on having the right training dataset, reflecting one of the most widely accepted mantras in computer science: Garbage In, Garbage Out. Put simply: to have systems which can detect and classify abusive online content effectively, one needs appropriate datasets with which to train them. Howeve... | false | null | 2004.01670 |
Which popular clustering methods did they experiment with? | The answers are shown as follows:
* K-means, Skip-thought Vectors, Recursive Neural Network and Paragraph Vector based clustering methods
| In our experiment, some widely used text clustering methods are compared with our approach. Besides K-means, Skip-thought Vectors, Recursive Neural Network and Paragraph Vector based clustering methods, four baseline clustering methods are directly based on the popular unsupervised dimensionality reduction methods as d... | false | null | 1701.00185 |
What kind of game is Binding of Isaac and what platforms can I play it on? | The Binding of Isaac is a roguelike video game that is available to play on several platforms including Microsoft Windows, OS X, Linux, PlayStation 4/Vita, Xbox One, Wii U, Nintendo 3DS, and the Nintendo Switch. | The Binding of Isaac is a roguelike video game designed by independent developers Edmund McMillen and Florian Himsl. It was released in 2011 for Microsoft Windows, then ported to OS X, and Linux. The game's title and plot are inspired by the Biblical story of the Binding of Isaac. In the game, Isaac's mother receives a... | false | null | null |
Which subfield of machine learning do they research? | Deep learning. | Deep learning, a sub-field of machine learning research, has driven the rapid progress in artificial intelligence research, leading to astonishing breakthroughs on long-standing problems in a plethora of fields such as computer vision and natural language processing. Tools powered by deep learning are changing the way ... | false | 43 | null |
What are the components of the data set used by the author? | A train set, a validation set and a test set. | The dataset from Twitter that we are using in our work, consists of a train set, a validation set and a test set. It was published for the "First workshop on categorizing different types of online harassment languages in social media". The whole dataset is divided into two categories, which are harassment and non-haras... | false | 71 | null |
what is the best profession? | No single job or career path is best for everyone. However, many of the best ones have a few attributes in common: They pay well, provide challenges and personal growth, match our talents and skills, aren't too stressful, offers room to advance throughout our careers, and provide an acceptable work-life balance. Of cou... | false | null | null | |
Which Bond girl guest starred on the TV show Game of Thrones? | Diana Rigg, who played Teresa di Vicenzo in the James Bond movie "On Her Majesty's Secret Service," played Olenna Tyrell in Game of Thrones. | false | null | null | |
What do the authors use in the first architecture? | LSTM. | While the demand for physical and manual labor is gradually declining, there is a growing need for a workforce with soft skills. Which soft skill do you think would be the most valuable in your daily life? According to an article in Forbes BIBREF0 , 70% of employed Americans agree that public speaking skills are critic... | false | 335 | null |
What are the major elements found on earth? | Earth's mass is made of primarily iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, sulfur, nickel, calcium and aluminum. | Earth's mass is approximately 5.97×1024 kg (5,970 Yg). It is composed mostly of iron (32.1% by mass), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulfur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminum (1.4%), with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements. Due to gravitational separat... | false | null | null |
Which of these words are nouns and which are adjectives. Fridge, wipe, bed, chair, jump, yell, sleep, fruit and talk. | Fridge, bed, chair and fruit are words that are nouns. Wipe, jump, yell, sleep and talk are words that are adjectives. | false | null | null | |
Who is Frank Lloyd Wright, and why is he famous? | Frank Lloyd Wright continues to be an inspiration in architecture around the United States and many of his originally designed buildings and structures stand today. | Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, designer, writer, and educator.
He designed more than 1,000 structures over a creative period of 70 years. Wright played a key role in the architectural movements of the twentieth century, influencing architects worldwide through his works an... | false | null | null |
Through their observation, which model's loss decays is faster? | The Pre-LN Transformer model. | The Transformer BIBREF0 is one of the most commonly used neural network architectures in natural language processing. Layer normalization BIBREF1 plays a key role in Transformer's success. The originally designed Transformer places the layer normalization between the residual blocks, which is usually referred to as the... | false | 387 | null |
What value do the predictions bring by the multiple prediction systems? | capturing the diversity of all plausible answers with less human effort | What would be possible if a person had an oracle that could immediately provide the answer to any question about the visual world? Sight-impaired users could quickly and reliably figure out the denomination of their currency and so whether they spent the appropriate amount for a product BIBREF0 . Hikers could immediate... | false | 146 | null |
In my opinion, the goal of the research on LIP is to simplify the DNN architecture in DIP based on the pre-known knowledge on the sparse subnetwork. For example, given a noisy image without the latent clean image, if we know the sparse subnetwork in advance, we can directly optimize it to obtain the denoising result un... | We respectfully disagree. The found LIP subnetworks by multi-image based IMP are practical because they have the powerful transferability: 1) They can transfer across different images (Figure 5 illustrates this point); 2) They can successfully transfer across different restoration tasks such as denoising, inpainting an... | Background Deep neural networks (DNNs), in particular convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have been powerful tools for solving various image inverse problems such as denoising, inpainting, and super resolution. Conventional wisdom believes that is owing to DNNs' universal approximation ability and learning from massi... | false | 490 | null |
What do the authors do in their ongoing work? | Examining the use of their characterisation of incident reports to enable comparisons across healthcare organisations and also to monitor their change over time. | This work has applied a multiscale graph partitioning algorithm (Markov Stability) to extract content-based clusters of documents from a textual dataset of healthcare safety incident reports in an unsupervised manner at different levels of resolution. The method uses paragraph vectors to represent the records and obtai... | false | 57 | null |
Identify which car manufacturer is Italian or American: Fiat, Dodge | Dodge is American, Fiat is Italian | false | null | null | |
What gated recurrent unit (GRU) did the authors use as encoders for the connectionist temporal classification (CTC) network? | The authors used a single layer gated recurrent unit (GRU) BIBREF10 with 128 hidden units as encoders for the connectionist temporal classification (CTC) network. | An end-to-end ASR model maps input feature vectors to an output sequence of vectors of posterior probabilities of tokens without using separate acoustic model, pronunciation model and language model. In this work we implemented two different types of state of art end to end ASR models used for the task of continuous sp... | false | 175 | null |
Through what do the authors find the method performed well in recovering meaningful categories? | Posteriori analysis evaluating the similarity against the hand-coded categories and the intrinsic topic coherence of the clusters | This work has applied a multiscale graph partitioning algorithm (Markov Stability) to extract content-based clusters of documents from a textual dataset of healthcare safety incident reports in an unsupervised manner at different levels of resolution. The method uses paragraph vectors to represent the records and obtai... | false | 57 | null |
Why is Pickleball sport so popular | Pickleball is so popular because anyone can get started fairly easily, as the equipment is not expensive, and there are lot of freely available public courts to play. It is also an easy sport to quickly pick up and able to play at a decent level recreationally and competitively. | false | null | null | |
Give me a list of the dog breeds | Affenpinscher
Afghan Hound
Africanis
Aidi
Airedale Terrier
Akbash
Akita
Aksaray Malaklisi
Alano Español
Alapaha Blue Blood Bulldog
Alaskan Husky
Alaskan Klee Kai
Alaskan Malamute
Alopekis
Alpine Dachsbracke
American Bulldog
American Bully
American Cocker Spaniel
American English Coonhound
American Eskimo Dog
American F... | This list of dog breeds includes both extant and extinct dog breeds, varieties and types. A research article on dog genomics published in Science/AAAS defines modern dog breeds as "a recent invention defined by conformation to a physical ideal and purity of lineage". | false | null | null |
What are the four seasons of the year? | The four seasons are summer, fall (or autumn), winter and spring. | false | null | null | |
Best beach vacation in the world | 1. Maldives (Best resorts with All inclusive )
2. Mauritius
3. Cancun | false | null | null | |
In which country is the Karachchi Divisional Council located? | Sri Lanka | Karachchi Divisional Council is the local authority for Kandavalai and Karachchi DS Divisions in northern Sri Lanka. KDC is responsible for providing a variety of local public services including roads, sanitation, drains, housing, libraries, public parks and recreational facilities. It has 19 members elected using the ... | false | null | null |
What is a vegan? | A vegan is one who doesn't eat any food product coming from or derived from animals. This includes eggs, fish, dairy, and to some, honey. | false | null | null | |
How many word embedding layers (and output layers) does Fine-tuning Bilingual LM have? | Two separate word embedding layers (and output layers). | We create a bilingual LM by plugging foreign language specific parameters to the pre-trained English LM (Figure FIGREF7). The new model has two separate embedding layers and output layers, one for English and one for foreign language. The encoder layer in between is shared. We then fine-tune this model using English an... | false | 137 | null |
What is EDM? | EDM or Electronic Dance Music is a genre of Electronic music that is typically played at clubs, bars, pubs, and parties for groovy people to dance to while they have a great time. | false | null | null | |
Describe a plan for a trip to San Francisco (Bay Area), California. Your plan should include a budget, a timeline, and a description of the sights and activities at spot | When you visit San Francisco, CA a few local and a few around SF spots are a must-see. Depending on the timeline you can pick and choose between them. I'll describe a few of my favorites for when my own friends and families visit.
here is a MUST-SEE list within the San Francisco Bay Area
- Golden Gate - An engineeri... | false | null | null | |
How did the authors compile the data set to determine whether automatic systems gave higher or lower emotional intensity scores to sentences designed for a particular race or gender? | They decided to use sentences involving at least one race- or gender-associated word. The sentences were intended to be short and grammatically simple. They also wanted some sentences to include expressions of sentiment and emotion, since the goal is to test sentiment and emotion systems. They, the authors of this pape... | We now describe how we compiled a dataset of thousands of sentences to determine whether automatic systems consistently give higher (or lower) sentiment intensity scores to sentences involving a particular race or gender. There are several ways in which such a dataset may be compiled. We present below the choices that ... | false | 58 | null |
How many GPUs are used for the training of the neural network? | Only one. | In this section, we present the details about training our neural network. The neural network architecture are implemented using PyTorch framework BIBREF26. The training is performed on a single Nvidia Tesla P100 SXM2. We first run our experiment on BiLSTM, BiLSTM-CNN, BiLSTM-CRF BiLSTM-CNN-CRF using the hyper-paramete... | false | 70 | null |
Please give me a summary of the text on the origins of skateboarding. | Sidewalk surfing, known today as skateboarding, originated in the late 1940s out of the desire of California surfers hoping to still ride when waves were flat. By the 1960s, a small number of surfing manufacturers began selling skateboards hoping to bring more attention to the sport. Skateboarding began to rapidly incr... | The first skateboards started with wooden boxes, or boards, with roller skate wheels attached to the bottom. Crate scooters preceded skateboards, having a wooden crate attached to the nose (front of the board), which formed rudimentary handlebars. The boxes turned into planks, similar to the skateboard decks of today.
... | false | null | null |
Give me a bulleted list of the seven most recent Chancellors of Federal Republic of Germany | 1. Olaf Scholz (Current)
2. Angela Merkel
3. Gerhard Schroeder
4. Helmut Kohl
5. Helmut Schmidt
6. Willy Brandt
7. Kurt Georg Kiesinger | false | null | null | |
When was Rhual constructed? | Rhual was constructed in 1634 by Evan Edwards. | Rhual is a Grade I listed building in Flintshire. This small mansion has medieval origins and is surrounded by a large landscaped park. The present building was constructed in 1634 by Evan Edwards, a member of a well established Flintshire family which traced its descent from the Welsh king Hywel Dda. He most likely in... | false | null | null |
What are the quantitative methods suitable to do? | Quantitative methods are suitable to study observable behaviour. | As explained in the introduction, the overarching aim of this project is to investigate in how far information conveyed in social media posts can complement more traditional research methods in clinical psychology to get insights into the recovery experience of individuals with a BD diagnosis. Therefore, we will first ... | false | 204 | null |
What kind of algorithm can be used to identify stance towards rumors based on sequential annotations in supervised models? | An algorithm for learning from sequential or time series data could be used. | Supervised learning is frequently used to scale up analyses. For example, BIBREF42 wanted to analyze the motivations of Movember campaign participants. By developing a classifier based on a small set of annotations, they were able to expand the analysis to over 90k participants.
The choice of supervised learning model ... | false | 164 | null |
How does Dolores work? | Dolores learns both context-independent and context-dependent embeddings of entities and relations through a deep neural sequential model. | Knowledge graphs BIBREF0 enable structured access to world knowledge and form a key component of several applications like search engines, question answering systems and conversational assistants. Knowledge graphs are typically interpreted as comprising of discrete triples of the form (entityA, relationX, entityB) thus... | false | 54 | null |
Is the encoder a LTSM encoder？ | Not excatly, it is a Bi-LSTM encoder | Our underlying model architecture is a standard attentional encoder-decoder BIBREF1 . Let INLINEFORM0 and INLINEFORM1 denote the source and target sentences, respectively. We use a Bi-LSTM encoder to represent the source words as a matrix INLINEFORM2 . The conditional probability of the target sentence is given as DISP... | false | 42 | null |
What are the measures of "performance" used in this paper? | The answers are shown as follows:
* test-set perplexity, likelihood convergence and clustering measures
* visualizing the topic summaries, authors' topic distributions and by performing an automatic labeling task
| We evaluate the TN topic model quantitatively with standard topic model measures such as test-set perplexity, likelihood convergence and clustering measures. Qualitatively, we evaluate the model by visualizing the topic summaries, authors' topic distributions and by performing an automatic labeling task. We compare our... | false | null | 1609.06791 |
Tell me about Clarence Adams | Clarence Richard Adams (born July 6, 1974) is an American former professional boxer who has won a world title in the Super Bantamweight weight division. He turned pro in 1990 at the age of 16. In 2000, he unanimously defeated Néstor Garza for the WBA super bantamweight title. In his first defence, he beat Andres Fernan... | Clarence Richard Adams (born July 6, 1974) is an American former professional boxer. He has won a world title in the Super Bantamweight weight division.
Professional career
Adams turned pro in 1990, at the age of 16. In 2000 defeated Néstor Garza for the WBA super bantamweight title by unanimous decision. In his first... | false | null | null |
Do they use pretrained word embeddings? | Yes. | In this study, we tackle a task of describing (defining) a phrase when given its local context as BIBREF2 , while allowing access to other usage examples via word embeddings trained from massive text (global contexts) BIBREF0 , BIBREF1 . We present LOG-Cad, a neural network-based description generator (Figure FIGREF1 )... | true | null | 1811.00266 |
Is the approach useful for Turkish only？ | No. It is portable to other language. | Sentiments of words differ from one corpus to another. Inducing general sentiment lexicons for languages and using them cannot, in general, produce meaningful results for different domains. In this paper, we combine contextual and supervised information with the general semantic representations of words occurring in th... | false | 111 | null |
If I'm strong in the gym will I be good at rock climbing? | The answer is a bit complicated. Being physically fit will benefit you in rock climbing, like it will in many other sports. Traits such as shoulder strength, core strength, and pulling strength are all required to be a successful rock climber.
The key element needed to become a great or even just good rock climber, ho... | false | null | null | |
Give me a bulleted list of the seven most team with the most english premier league title | Here are the seven teams with the most premier league titles-
1. Manchester United - 20 premier league titles
2. Liverpool FC - 13 premier league titles
3. Arsenal FC - 20 premier league titles
4. Everton FC - 9 premier league titles
5. Manchester City - 8 premier league titles
6. Aston Villa - 7 premier league titles
... | false | null | null | |
Who were the United States Presidents? | George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, James K. Polk, Zachary Taylor, Millard Fillmore, Franklin Pierce, James Buchanan, Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes... | false | null | null | |
What's Rockhopper Exploration PLC business? | Rockhopper Exploration PLC is in the oil and gas business, headquartered in Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom. | Rockhopper Exploration PLC is an oil and gas exploration company headquartered in Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom. It owns offshore exploration and production licences in the North Falkland Basin in the waters north of the Falkland Islands.
Rockhopper is listed on the Alternative Investment Market of the London S... | false | null | null |
Categorize the following as either a 'month' or a 'day' | Monday, February, Sunday, October, Wednesday, July | false | null | null | |
If you had pogonophobia what would you be afraid of | Beards | false | null | null | |
In (section 4.1), the authors adopt the MAP rule to determine the channel input and the Gaussian component. How complex is the MAP rule? | We have revised the computational complexity discussion in Appendix C.4 to discuss both adaptation methods proposed in section 4. The complexity of the affine transformation method (section 4.1) can be expressed as O(k2m2d3) and that of the MAP SE method is O(km2d3). Here m is the number of symbols, k is the number of ... | The computational cost of the proposed adaptation methods (for processing a single input) at the decoder are only slightly different from each other. The affine transformation method of § 4.1 computes the posterior distribution Pθbc (x, i| y) over the set of symbols and components (of size m k). Computation of each exp... | false | 461 | null |
Which is a species of fish? Swordtail or Excalibur | Swordtail | false | null | null | |
Did Ramon Pileta compete in the Olympics | Ramon Pileta (born March 20, 1977) is a Honduran judoka. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's +100 kg event, in which he was eliminated in the first round by Rafael Silva. | Ramón Pileta (born March 20, 1977) is a Honduran judoka. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's +100 kg event, in which he was eliminated in the first round by Rafael Silva. | false | null | null |
Give me a method to poach chicken | Boneless, skinless chicken breasts
Chicken stock
1. Place the chicken in a sauce pan on a stove top
2. Add cold chicken stock to the pan so it covers the chicken breast
3. Turn the heat to medium and let the stock come to a gentle boil
4. When the water starts to boil, turn the chicken breast and remove pan from heat... | false | null | null |
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