id int64 1 3.53M | eid int64 194 78.8B | paper_title stringlengths 1 636 ⌀ | source_title stringlengths 1 316 ⌀ | paper_summary stringlengths 2 9.83k ⌀ | paper_authors_name stringlengths 2 42.5k | paper_authors_id stringlengths 2 43k | pub_year int64 1.96k 2.02k | cited_num int64 0 58.7k | author_keyword_json stringlengths 2 1.85k | doi stringlengths 1 73 ⌀ | paper_type stringclasses 15 values | language stringclasses 45 values | affiliations_info stringlengths 2 59.7k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
602 | 34,041 | The role of local estate agents in the residential development process | Land Development Studies | The estate agent is usually seen and theorized as a gatekeeper responsible for directing certain people to certain parts of the city (Williams, 1976). However, estate agents are capable of performing many more functions other than simple house agency. This paper presents results from a series of structured interviews with housebuilders and estate agents carried out in Hertfordshire by a recent research project (Elson, 1982) which reveals the extent to which certain estate agents are involved with organizing land purchases for builders and negotiating development proposals through the planning system. © 1984 Land Development Studies Education Trust. | ["McNamara P."] | ["7103220780"] | 1,984 | 12 | ["Estate agents", "Residential development"] | 10.1080/02640828408723872 | Article | English | [{"id": "60014564", "name": "Department of Town Planning, Oxford Polytechnic, Oxford, United Kingdom", "fullName": "Department of Town Planning, Oxford Polytechnic", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Oxford, United Kingdom", "departmentId": "103754937"}] |
603 | 34,062 | A modern approach to acid-base chemistry | Journal of Chemical Education | null | ["Drago R.S."] | ["7005697495"] | 1,974 | 33 | [] | 10.1021/ed051p300 | Article | English | [{"id": "60000745", "name": "University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801", "fullName": "University of Illinois", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Urbana, 61801", "departmentId": null}] |
604 | 34,070 | A quadratic assignment formulation of the molecular conformation problem | Journal of Global Optimization | The molecular conformation problem is discussed, and a concave quadratic global minimization approach for solving it is described. This approach is based on a quadratic assignment formulation of a discrete approximation to the original problem. © 1994 Kluwer Academic Publishers. | ["Phillips A.T.", "Rosen J.B."] | ["57206168301", "57209515512"] | 1,994 | 49 | ["Constrained Global Minimization", "Molecular Conformation", "Quadratic Assignment Problem"] | 10.1007/BF01096724 | Article | English | [{"id": "60032291", "name": "Computer Science Department, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, 21402, MD, United States", "fullName": "Computer Science Department, United States Naval Academy", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Annapolis, 21402, MD, United States", "departmentId": "104642915"}, {"id": "60029445", "name": "Computer Science Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, United States", "fullName": "Computer Science Department, University of Minnesota", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Minneapolis, 55455, MN, United States", "departmentId": "108100954"}] |
605 | 34,124 | Quality criteria of genetic algorithms for construction of phylogenetic trees | Journal of Computational Chemistry | In this article the suitability of two different tree representations for the construction of phylogenetic trees with genetic algorithms is examined. On the one hand tree topologies are represented by means of a distance matrix while on the other hand the Prüfer number tree representation is used. To assess the adequacy of both approaches a set of recently proposed quality criteria is used. The quality criteria can be used to monitor genetic algorithm approaches differing in configuration and setup, fitness function, or representation. In addition to the criteria for the repeatability of the optimization, criteria for the coverage of the search space are also used. On the basis of the optimization results of simulated data, the quality criteria show, in contrast to the error plots, a clear difference in the efficiency of both representations. It is concluded that the Prüfer number representation yields a diverse set of good quality topologies while the distance matrix representation mainly returns the optimal topology. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | ["Reijmers T.H.", "Wehrens R.", "Buydens L.M.C."] | ["22951839000", "7003680688", "7005777659"] | 1,999 | 11 | ["Bifurcating trees", "Genetic algorithms", "Optimization", "Phylogenetics", "Quality criteria"] | 10.1002/(SICI)1096-987X(199906)20:8<867::AID-JCC11>3.0.CO;2-U | Article | English | [{"id": "60016529", "name": "Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, University of Nijmegen, 6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands", "fullName": "Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, University of Nijmegen", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands", "departmentId": "103851306"}] |
606 | 34,145 | Anathematizing the Guralnik-Manohar bound for Λ | Physics Letters B | There is a recent claim by Guralnik and Manohar [Phys. Lett. B 302 (1993) 103] to have established a rigorous lower bound on Λ, the asymptotic difference between the mass of a heavy flavour hadron and that of the heavy flavour quark. We point out the flaw in their reasoning and discuss the underlying physical problem. An explicit counterexample to the GM bound is given; therefore, one cannot count on a refined proof to re-establish this bound. © 1994. | ["Bigi I.I.", "Uraltsev N.G."] | ["7003586903", "7004069882"] | 1,994 | 27 | [] | 10.1016/0370-2693(94)90268-2 | Article | English | [{"id": "60019778", "name": "TH Division, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland 2 During the academic year 1993/1994.", "fullName": null, "reference": "a", "fullAddress": null, "departmentId": "104009106"}, {"id": "60021508", "name": "Dept. of Physics, University of Notre Dame du Lac, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA3 3 Permanent address.", "fullName": null, "reference": "b", "fullAddress": null, "departmentId": "100260514"}, {"id": "60019778", "name": "TH Division, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland", "fullName": "TH Division, CERN", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland", "departmentId": "104009106"}, {"id": "60014977", "name": "St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, St. Petersburg 188350, Russia3, Russian Federation", "fullName": "St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute", "reference": "d", "fullAddress": "Gatchina, St. Petersburg 188350, Russia3, Russian Federation", "departmentId": null}] |
607 | 34,155 | The modification of classical hahn polynomials of a discrete variable | Integral Transforms and Special Functions | We consider a modification of moment functionals for the Hahn classical polynomials of a discrete variable by adding two mass points at the ends of the interval, i.e., in x = 0 and x = N - We obtain the resulting orthogonal polynomials and identify them as hypergeometric functions. The corresponding three term recurrence relation and tridiagonal matrices are also studied. © 1995, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved. | ["Álvarez-Nodarse R.", "Marcellán F."] | ["7003912947", "7004452821"] | 1,995 | 9 | ["associated polynomials", "discrete measures", "Hahn polynomials", "hypergeometric functions"] | 10.1080/10652469508819081 | Article | English | [{"id": "60001741", "name": "Departamento de Ingeniería, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Butarque 15, Spain", "fullName": "Departamento de Ingeniería, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "28911, Leganés, Madrid, Butarque 15, Spain", "departmentId": "103137399"}] |
608 | 34,189 | A winner-take-all circuit with controllable soft max property | Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems | I describe a silicon network consisting of a group of excitatory neurons and a global inhibitory neuron. The output of the inhibitory neuron is normalized with respect to the input strengths. This output models the normalization property of the wide-field direction-selective cells in the fly visual system. This normalizing property is also useful in any system where we wish the output signal to code only the strength of the inputs' and not be dependent on the number of inputs. The circuitry in each neuron is equivalent to that in Lazzaro's winner-take-all (WTA) circuit with one additional transistor and a voltage reference. Just as in Lazzaro's circuit' the outputs of the excitatory neurons code the neuron with the largest input. The difference here is that multiple winners can be chosen By varying the voltage reference of the neuron' the network can transition between a soffc-max behavior and a hard WTA behavior. I show results from a fabricated chip of 20 neurons in a 1.2/μm CMOS technology. | ["Liu S.-C."] | ["7409457533"] | 2,000 | 8 | [] | null | Conference Paper | English | [{"id": "60025858", "name": "Institute for Neuroinformatics, ETH, UNIZ, CH-8057 Zurich, Winterthurstrasse 190, Switzerland", "fullName": "Institute for Neuroinformatics, ETH, UNIZ", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "CH-8057 Zurich, Winterthurstrasse 190, Switzerland", "departmentId": null}] |
609 | 34,268 | Branching rules for modular representations of symmetrical groups I | Journal of Algebra | null | ["Klcshchev A.S."] | ["57195387450"] | 1,995 | 42 | [] | 10.1006/jabr.1995.1362 | Article | English | [{"id": "60012317", "name": "Department of Mathematics, Unirersity of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States", "fullName": "Department of Mathematics, Unirersity of Oregon", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Eugene, OR 97403, United States", "departmentId": "103650767"}] |
610 | 34,278 | A sequentially constructed design for estimating a nonlinear parametric function | Biometrika | SUMMARY: Properties of a design constructed sequentially for a simple nonlinear problem are investigated both theoretically and by simulation. It is proved that the design measure corresponding to the sequential design converges to an optimal measure, even when the latter has singular information matrix. The empirical study suggests that in repeated-sampling inference we can effectively ignore the fact that the design is sequential. © 1980 Biometrika Trust. | ["Ford I.", "Silvey S.D."] | ["7006691891", "6507352428"] | 1,980 | 65 | ["Asymptotic efficiency", "Fisher and sample information", "Nonlinear design", "Optimal design", "Sequential design", "Simulation", "Singular design"] | 10.1093/biomet/67.2.381 | Article | English | [{"id": "60001490", "name": "Department of Statistics, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom", "fullName": "Department of Statistics, University of Glasgow", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "United Kingdom", "departmentId": "103121072"}] |
611 | 34,281 | Image restoration using a lorentzian probability model | Journal of Modern Optics | The distribution of edge values for an image of a general scene often has a sharp peak with a long tail. This property, which can be well described by a Lorentzian probability function, has been used to develop an efficient nonlinear image restoration algorithm for reducing the various artifacts that often arise in the restored images. The algorithm starts with a Wiener filter solution which is used to model the edge image by the Lorentzian function so that the likelihood of the image can be estimated. A nonlinear correction term is then introduced which increases this image likelihood under the mean square error criterion. This process ensures that the resulting image retains its sharpness while reducing the noise and ringing artifacts. An iterative procedure has been developed to implement this method. Computer simulated results show that the algorithm is robust in reducing artifacts and easily implemented. The algorithm also possesses a super resolution capability due to the highly nonlinear property of the correction term. © 1995 Taylor & Francis Ltd. | ["Lettington A.H.", "Hong Q.H."] | ["7005434793", "7101674250"] | 1,995 | 23 | [] | 10.1080/09500349514551201 | Article | English | [{"id": "60012197", "name": "JJ Thomson Physical Laboratory, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 2AF, PO Box 220, United Kingdom", "fullName": "JJ Thomson Physical Laboratory, University of Reading, Whiteknights", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Reading, RG6 2AF, PO Box 220, United Kingdom", "departmentId": null}] |
612 | 34,327 | Estimating the isothermal compressibility coefficient of undersaturated Middle East crudes using neural networks | Energy and Fuels | The isothermal compressibility coefficients are required in several reservoir engineering applications such as transient fluid flow problems and also in the determination of physical properties of crude oils. Over the years, several correlations to estimate PVT properties have been reported in the literature for different types of hydrocarbon systems. All of these correlations were developed using conventional regression or graphical techniques that may not lead to the highest accuracy. On the other hand, the use of neural networks to develop such correlations can be excellent and reliable for the prediction of these properties. This paper presents an artificial neural network model to predict the isothermal compressibility coefficient of undersaturated crude oils of the Middle East region. The back-propagation algorithm with momentum for error minimization was used in this study. The data set, on which the network was trained, contain 520 experimentally obtained PVT data sets, representing 102 different crudes from the region of the Middle East. It is the largest data set ever collected in the Middle East to be used in developing a model to estimate the isothermal compressibility coefficients. An additional set of 35 PVT data points was used to test the effectiveness of the neural network to accurately predict outputs for data not used during the training process. The neural network model is able to predict the isothermal compressibility coefficient as a function of the solution gas/oil ratio, the gas specific gravity, the oil specific gravity, the reservoir temperature, and the reservoir pressure. A detailed comparison between the results predicted by this model and those predicted by others are presented for these Middle East crude oil samples. | ["Gharbi R."] | ["25948273500"] | 1,997 | 41 | [] | 10.1021/ef960123y | Article | English | [{"id": "60038812", "name": "Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering and Petroleum, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, P.O. Box 5969, Kuwait", "fullName": "Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering and Petroleum, Kuwait University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Safat 13060, P.O. Box 5969, Kuwait", "departmentId": "104706265"}] |
613 | 34,369 | Novel designs of broadband equilateral-triangular microstrip antennas | IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium: Wireless Technologies and Information Networks, APS 1999 - Held in conjunction with USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting | Applications of microstrip antennas are limited mainly because of their narrow inherent bandwidth. There are many reports on solving this problem, such as using electrically thick substrates or stacked multipatch structures. All these designs, however, require a large antenna volume for broadband operation. In this article, new broadband designs of an equilateral-triangular microstrip antenna with a pair of bent slots are proposed and experimentally studied for the case of the thin-substrate condition. © 1999 IEEE. | ["Chen H.-D.", "Fang S.-T."] | ["35755202500", "7402422499"] | 1,999 | 2 | [] | 10.1109/APS.1999.789540 | Conference Paper | English | [{"id": "60072395", "name": "Department of Electronic Engineering, Nan-Tai Institute of Technology, Tainan, 710, Taiwan", "fullName": "Department of Electronic Engineering, Nan-Tai Institute of Technology", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Tainan, 710, Taiwan", "departmentId": "104808083"}, {"id": "60011357", "name": "Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan", "fullName": "Department of Electrical Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan", "departmentId": "113090973"}] |
614 | 34,382 | Statistical model of intermediate structure | Physical Review Letters | null | ["Griffin J.J."] | ["35592893600"] | 1,966 | 659 | [] | 10.1103/PhysRevLett.17.478 | Article | English | [{"id": "60032179", "name": "Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States", "fullName": "Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Madison, WI, United States", "departmentId": "108250966"}, {"id": "60006164", "name": "Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, United States", "fullName": "Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Los Alamos, NM, United States", "departmentId": "103348907"}, {"id": "60020304", "name": "University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States", "fullName": "University of Maryland", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "College Park, MD, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
615 | 34,424 | System-Theoretic Analysis of Due-Time Performance in Production Systems | Mathematical Problems in Engineering | Along with the average production rate, the due-time performance is an important characteristic of manufacturing systems. Unlike the production rate, the due-time performance has received relatively little attention in the literature, especially in the context of large volume production. This paper is devoted to this topic. Specifically, the notion of due-time performance is formalized as the probability that the number of parts produced during the shipping period reaches the required shipment size. This performance index is analyzed for both lean and mass manufacturing environments. In particular, it is shown that, to achieve a high due-time performance in a lean environment, the production system should be scheduled for a sufficiently small fraction of its average production rate. In mass production, due-time performance arbitrarily close to one can be achieved for any scheduling practice, up to the average production rate. © 1995, OPA (Overseas Publishers Association). | ["Jacobs D.", "Meerkov S.M."] | ["57212934060", "7006907878"] | 1,995 | 14 | ["due-time performance index", "lean and mass production systems", "Manufacturing", "performance measures", "stochastic analysis", "system-theoretic properties"] | 10.1155/S1024123X95000147 | Article | English | [{"id": "60025778", "name": "Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml 48109-2122, United States", "fullName": "Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Michigan", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Ann Arbor, Ml 48109-2122, United States", "departmentId": "110795674"}] |
616 | 34,439 | Propagation of mild singularities in higher dimensional thermoelasticity | Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications | The propagation of mild singularities for the semilinear model of three-dimensional thermoelasticity is studied. It is shown that the propagation picture of such singularities of the solution to the semilinear model coincides with one of the solutions to the corresponding linear model. As a simple consequence of our method, a similar result for the full semilinear Cauchy problem of one-dimensional thermoelasticity is also presented. © 1999 Academic Press. | ["Reissig M.", "Wang Y.-G."] | ["56252942400", "57196100724"] | 1,999 | 8 | [] | 10.1006/jmaa.1999.6594 | Article | English | [{"id": "60008988", "name": "Fac. of Math. and Computer Science, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09596, Freiberg, Bernhard-von-Cotta-Str. 2, Germany", "fullName": "Fac. of Math. and Computer Science, TU Bergakademie Freiberg", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "09596, Freiberg, Bernhard-von-Cotta-Str. 2, Germany", "departmentId": "103495578"}, {"id": "60025084", "name": "Department of Applied Mathematics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China", "fullName": "Department of Applied Mathematics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Shanghai, 200030, China", "departmentId": "100305777"}] |
617 | 34,457 | Assessing Predictive Accuracy in Discriminant Analysis | Multivariate Behavioral Research | The estimation of probabilities of correct classification is a primary concern in predictive discriminant analysis. Three such probabilities are: (a) the optimal hit rate, that obtained when the classification rule is based on known parameters; (b) the actual hit rate, that obtained by applying a rule based on a particular sample to future samples; and (c) the expected actual hit rate. Methods of estimating these hit rates include formulas (in the two-group case), resubstitution, and external analyses. The methods are tentatively compared via Monte Carlo sampling from two real data sets. © 1987, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved. | ["Huberty C.J.", "Wisenbaker J.M.", "Smith J.C."] | ["6603710600", "6602638753", "56987051400"] | 1,987 | 20 | [] | 10.1207/s15327906mbr2203_4 | Article | English | [{"id": "60029747", "name": "College of Education, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, 325 Aderhold Hall, United States", "fullName": "College of Education, University of Georgia", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Athens, GA 30602, 325 Aderhold Hall, United States", "departmentId": "104507257"}] |
618 | 34,575 | Ionic liquids - New 'solutions' for transition metal catalysis | Angewandte Chemie - International Edition | Ionic liquids are salts that are liquid at low temperature (<100°C) which represent a new class of solvents with nonmolecular, ionic character. Even though the first representative has been known since 1914, ionic liquids have only been investigated as solvents for transition metal catalysis in the past ten years. Publications to date show that replacing an organic solvent by an ionic liquid can lead to remarkable improvements in well-known processes. Ionic liquids form biphasic systems with many organic product mixtures. This gives rise to the possibility of a multiphase reaction procedure with easy isolation and recovery of homogeneous catalysts. In addition, ionic liquids have practically no vapor pressure which facilitates product separation by distillation. There are also indications that switching from a normal organic solvent to an ionic liquid can lead to novel and unusual chemical reactivity. This opens up a wide field for future investigations into this new class of solvents in catalytic applications. | ["Wasserscheid P.", "Keim W."] | ["7003719346", "7006309642"] | 2,000 | 5,824 | ["Biphasic catalysis", "Homogeneous catalysis", "Ionic liquids", "Solvent effects"] | 10.1002/1521-3773(20001103)39:21<3772::aid-anie3772>3.0.co;2-5 | Review | English | [{"id": "60016653", "name": "Institut für Technische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Worringer Weg 1, Germany", "fullName": "Institut für Technische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "52074 Aachen, Worringer Weg 1, Germany", "departmentId": null}] |
619 | 34,625 | Homoclinic period blow-up in reversible and conservative systems | ZAMP Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik | We show that in conservative systems each non-degenerate homoclinic orbit asymptotic to a hyperbolic equilibrium possesses an associated family of periodic orbits. The family is parametrized by the period, and the periodic orbits accumulate on the homoclinic orbit as the period tends to infinity. A similar result holds for symmetric homoclinic orbits in reversible systems. Our results extend earlier work by Devaney and Henrard, and provide a positive answer to a conjecture of Strömgren. We present a unified approach to both the conservative and the reversible case, based on a technique introduced recently by X.-B. Lin. © 1992 Birkhäuser Verlag. | ["Vanderbauwhede A.", "Fiedler B."] | ["16423341600", "7005892123"] | 1,992 | 92 | [] | 10.1007/BF00946632 | Article | English | [{"id": "60033316", "name": "Instituut voor Theoretische Mechanica, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000, Gent, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Belgium", "fullName": "Instituut voor Theoretische Mechanica", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Krijgslaan 281, B-9000, Gent, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Belgium", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60015815", "name": "Mathematisches Institut A, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart 80, D-7000, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Germany", "fullName": "Mathematisches Institut A, Universität Stuttgart", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Stuttgart 80, D-7000, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Germany", "departmentId": "103817990"}] |
620 | 34,683 | Parallel data mining of bayesian networks from telecommunications network data | Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) | Global telecommunication systems are built with extensive redundancy and complex management systems to ensure robustness. Fault iden tification and management of this complexity is an open research issue with which data mining can greatly assist. This paper proposes a hybrid data mining architecture and a parallel genetic algorithm (PGA) applied to the mining of Bayesian Belief Networks (BBN) from Telecommunication Management Net w ork (TMN) data. ?© 2000 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. | ["Sterritt R.", "Adamson K.", "Shapcott C.M.", "Curran E.P."] | ["7005823296", "35609134800", "6508044692", "7005534561"] | 2,000 | 3 | [] | 10.1007/3-540-45591-4_54 | Conference Paper | English | [{"id": "60020730", "name": "University of Ulster, Facult y of Informatics, Newtownabbey, County Antrim, BT37 0QB, United Kingdom", "fullName": "University of Ulster, Facult y of Informatics", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Newtownabbey, County Antrim, BT37 0QB, United Kingdom", "departmentId": null}] |
621 | 34,685 | Statistical mechanics of gravitating systems | Physics Reports | The statistical description of a system containing a large number of particles which interact via Newtonian gravity is discussed. Such a system exhibits several peculiarities due to the long range, unshielded nature of the gravitational interaction. These features are illustrated using specific examples. Conceptual issues which are still unsettled are highlighted. © 1990. | ["Padmanabhan T."] | ["7005693988"] | 1,990 | 438 | [] | 10.1016/0370-1573(90)90051-3 | Review | English | [{"id": "60031855", "name": "Theoretical Astrophysics Group, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay, 400 005, Homi Bhabha Road, India", "fullName": "Theoretical Astrophysics Group, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Bombay, 400 005, Homi Bhabha Road, India", "departmentId": "104619185"}] |
622 | 34,757 | Approximations to the birthday problem with unequal occurrence probabilities and their application to the surname problem in Japan | Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics | Let X<sub>1</sub>, X<sub>2</sub>,..., X<sub>n</sub> be iid random variables with a discrete distribution {p<sub>i</sub>}<sub>i</sub>=1<sup>m</sup>. We will discuss the coincidence probability R<sub>n</sub>, i.e., the probability that there are members of {X<sub>i</sub>} having the same value. If m=365 and p<sub>i</sub>≡1/365, this is the famous birthday problem. Also we will give two kinds of approximation to this probability. Finally we will give two applications. The first is the estimation of the coincidence probability of surnames in Japan. For this purpose, we will fit a generalized zeta distribution to a frequency data of surnames in Japan. The second is the true birthday problem, that is, we will evaluate the birthday probability in Japan using the actual (non-uniform) distribution of birthdays in Japan. © 1992 The Institute of Statistical Mathematics. | ["Mase S."] | ["7004140848"] | 1,992 | 14 | ["approximation", "Bell polynomial", "Birthday problem", "coincidence probability", "non-uniformness", "surname"] | 10.1007/BF00050700 | Article | English | [{"id": "60030788", "name": "Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 730, Naka-ku, Japan", "fullName": "Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Hiroshima, 730, Naka-ku, Japan", "departmentId": "104558438"}] |
623 | 34,789 | Simulation and extension of a minimum mean squared error estimator in comparison with stein's | Technometrics | We discuss a fixed point solution of the iterative process underlying Farebrother's “minimum mean squared error (MSE) estimator.” The similarity between our fixed point solution and Stein's shrunken least squares estimator is striking. A simulation study favors Stein's and our fixed point solution over ordinary least, squares and Farebrother's estimator. © 1976 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. | ["Vinod H.D."] | ["6603768691"] | 1,976 | 21 | ["Fixed Point", "Mean Squared Error", "Regression", "Stein Rule"] | 10.1080/00401706.1976.10489481 | Article | English | [{"id": "60021378", "name": "Bell Telephone Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, United States", "fullName": "Bell Telephone Laboratories", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Holmdel, NJ, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
624 | 35,016 | The Jacobian Conjecture: Linear Triangularization for Cubics in Dimension Three | Linear and Multilinear Algebra | It is proved that a polynomial endomorphism of three space which is cubic homogeneous and whose jacobian determinant is a non-zero constant is linearly triangularizable, thereby furnishing a proof of the Jacobian Conjecture for this case. An example is given of a such cubic homogeneous map in dimension four for which linear triangularization fails. Explicit polynomial conditions on the coefficients of a polynomial map are derived which are necessary and sufficient for the jacobian matrix to be invertible. Using these conditions, methods are proposed for dealing with higher dimensional cases of the Jacobian Conjecture. © 1993, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved. | ["Wright D."] | ["55471283600"] | 1,993 | 27 | [] | 10.1080/03081089308818214 | Article | English | [{"id": "60010261", "name": "Department of Mathematics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States", "fullName": "Department of Mathematics, Washington University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "St. Louis, MO 63130, United States", "departmentId": "112136130"}] |
625 | 35,033 | Bayesian estimation and prediction for pareto data | Journal of the American Statistical Association | Data from a classical Pareto distribution are to be used to make inferences about the inequality and precision parameters. In addition, it is desired to predict the behavior of further observations from the distribution. Three typical data configurations are considered (iid and two types of censoring). Dependent conjugate prior analyses are reviewed and are compared with an analysis involving independent priors for the inequality and precision parameters. It is argued that mathematical tractability should be, perhaps, a minor consideration in the choice of priors. A comparative example is included. © 1989 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. | ["Arnold B.C.", "Press S.J."] | ["7102305704", "7004281718"] | 1,989 | 101 | ["Censored data", "Conjugate priors", "Independent priors"] | 10.1080/01621459.1989.10478875 | Article | English | [{"id": "60029526", "name": "Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States", "fullName": "Department of Statistics, University of California", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Riverside, CA, 92521, United States", "departmentId": "100295812"}] |
626 | 35,038 | Form of the radial distribution function and the structure factor, derived from the "structural diffusion" model for liquids | Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications | The extension of a previous general formulation of structural correlations in liquids enables us to derive accurate expressions for g(r) and S(k). Their asymptotic forms for large and small r and for large k values are compared with corresponding forms constructed by Verlet from his computer simulation data. © 1978. | ["Baer S."] | ["7005865178"] | 1,978 | 19 | [] | 10.1016/0378-4371(78)90202-9 | Article | English | [{"id": "60007903", "name": "Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel", "fullName": "Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Jerusalem, Israel", "departmentId": "103436731"}] |
627 | 35,056 | Quadratic convergence for cell-centered grids | Applied Numerical Mathematics | This work discusses some of the convergence properties of approximations defined on standard cell-centered finite difference grids. It is shown that the order of convergence is quadratic in the grid spacing for both uniform and nonuniform grids. This order of convergence cannot be improved upon, even if uniform point-distributed grids are used. It is concluded that order of convergence arguments do not favor point-distributed grid construction over the more physically reasonable cell-centered construction. The techniques used are elementary and rely entirely on Taylor series expansions. Other applications of these techniques, such as to local grid refinement, are indicated. © 1988. | ["Forsyth Jr. P.A.", "Sammon P.H."] | ["35480792400", "7004907075"] | 1,988 | 63 | [] | 10.1016/0168-9274(88)90016-5 | Article | English | [{"id": "100693409", "name": "Dynamic Reservoir Systems Ltd., Calgary, Alta. T2P 3E6, Canada", "fullName": "Dynamic Reservoir Systems Ltd.", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Calgary, Alta. T2P 3E6, Canada", "departmentId": null}] |
628 | 35,075 | An efficient preconditioned cg method for the solution of a class of layered problems with extreme contrasts in the coefficients | Journal of Computational Physics | Knowledge of fluid pressure is important to predict the presence of oil and gas in reservoirs. A mathematical model for the prediction of fluid pressures is given by a time-dependent diffusion equation. Application of the finite element method leads to a system of linear equations. A complication is that the underground consists of layers with very large differences in permeability. This implies that the symmetric and positive definite coefficient matrix has a very large condition number. Bad convergence behavior of the CG method has been observed; moreover, a classical termination criterion is not valid in this problem. After diagonal scaling of the matrix the number of extreme eigenvalues is reduced and it is proved to be equal to the number of layers with a high permeability. For the IC preconditioner the same behavior is observed. To annihilate the effect of the extreme eigenvalues a deflated CG method is used. The convergence rate improves considerably and the termination criterion becomes again reliable. Finally a cheap approximation of the eigenvectors is proposed. © 1999 Academic Press. | ["Vuik C.", "Segal A.", "Meijerink J.A."] | ["6604071725", "7202308696", "56343075100"] | 1,999 | 97 | ["Deflation", "Discontinuous coefficients across layers", "Eigenvectors", "Finite element method", "Poisson equation", "Porous media", "Preconditioned conjugate gradients"] | 10.1006/jcph.1999.6255 | Article | English | [{"id": "60006288", "name": "Dept. of Tech. Math. and Informatics, Fac. of Info. Technology and Systems, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, Mekelweg 4, Netherlands", "fullName": "Dept. of Tech. Math. and Informatics, Fac. of Info. Technology and Systems, Delft University of Technology", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "2628 CD Delft, Mekelweg 4, Netherlands", "departmentId": "103356462"}, {"id": "60030496", "name": "Shell Intl. Explor. and Production, 2280 AB Rijswijk, P.O. Box 60, Netherlands", "fullName": "Shell Intl. Explor. and Production", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "2280 AB Rijswijk, P.O. Box 60, Netherlands", "departmentId": null}] |
629 | 35,134 | A Self-Adaptive Domain Decomposition for the Viscous/Inviscid Coupling. I. Burgers Equation | Journal of Computational Physics | A new formulation of the viscous/inviscid coupling, termed χ-formulation, has been applied to the Burgers equation; the equation is modified in such a way that the viscous terms are neglected in dependence of their magnitude. We show that the modified χ-equation can be solved on a single domain at a cost comparable to the cost of solving the original equation, despite a nonlinearity being added. Furthermore, we consider a domain decomposition method, based on the χ-formulation, by splitting the original problem into an inviscid Burgers equation and a χ-viscous Burgers equation. The interface between the subdomains is automatically adjusted by the proposed method, yielding an optimal resolution of the boundary-layer structure. © 1993 Academic Press. All rights reserved. | ["Arina R.", "Canuto C."] | ["6603160437", "7004456178"] | 1,993 | 17 | [] | 10.1006/jcph.1993.1075 | Article | English | [{"id": "60021199", "name": "Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy and Dipartimento di Matematica, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy and Istituto di Analisi Numerica del C.N.R., 27100 Pavia, Italy", "fullName": null, "reference": "a", "fullAddress": null, "departmentId": "103642375"}] |
630 | 35,208 | A "Cramer rule" for the least-norm, least-squared-error solution of inconsistent linear equations | Linear Algebra and Its Applications | A recent "Cramer rule" for obtaining the least-norm solution of a consistent system of linear equations Ax = b is shown to also provide the least-squared-error solution in the inconsistent case, i.e. the solution A<sup> +</sup> b where A<sup> +</sup> is the Moore-Penrose inverse of A. © 1982. | ["Verghese G.C."] | ["7006002670"] | 1,982 | 29 | [] | 10.1016/0024-3795(82)90117-3 | Article | English | [{"id": "60022195", "name": "Room 10-079 Electric Power Systems Engineering Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 USA", "fullName": null, "reference": "a", "fullAddress": null, "departmentId": "104137417"}] |
631 | 35,241 | Learning Prolog in a schema-based environment | Instructional Science | A set of basic construct Prolog schemata are presented as the basic constructs of a structured Prolog for recursive list processing. Prolog schema hierarchies are given that group classes of Prolog programs within each of the basic construct Prolog schemata via most-specific schemata which high-light their similarities and differences. A schema-based instructional approach based upon this classification of Prolog programs is provided as a method of introducing recursion to novice Prolog programmers. The incorporation of this approach to teaching recursive Prolog programming in an intelligent tutoring system is presented. Finally, a schema-based Prolog programming environment embedding this tutoring system in addition to a standard Prolog development system is proposed which promotes the acquisition and use of structured programming constructs in Prolog. © 1991 Kluwer Academic Publishers. | ["Gegg-Harrison T.S."] | ["6603029962"] | 1,991 | 24 | [] | 10.1007/BF00120881 | Article | English | [{"id": "60008724", "name": "Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, 27706, NC, United States", "fullName": "Department of Computer Science, Duke University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Durham, 27706, NC, United States", "departmentId": "103482626"}] |
632 | 35,283 | On the infrared limit of the Chern-Simons-Proca theory | Physics Letters B | We investigate a modification of the 2+1 dimensional abelian Chern-Simons theory, obtained by adding a Proca mass term to the gauge field. We are particularly interested in the infrared limit, which can be described by two a priori different "topological" quantum mechanical models. We apply methods of equivariant cohomology and the ensuing supersymmetry to analyze the partition functions of these quantum mechanical models. In particular, we find that a previously discussed phase-space reductive limiting procedure which relates these two models can be seen as a direct consequence of our supersymmetry. © 1994. | ["Niemi A.J.", "Sreedhar V.V."] | ["55539848900", "36885650300"] | 1,994 | 9 | [] | 10.1016/0370-2693(94)00949-X | Article | English | [{"id": "60003858", "name": "Department of Theoretical Physics, Uppsala University, S-75108 Uppsala, P.O. Box 803, Sweden", "fullName": "Department of Theoretical Physics, Uppsala University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "S-75108 Uppsala, P.O. Box 803, Sweden", "departmentId": "105339249"}, {"id": "60002952", "name": "Research Institute for Theoretical Physics, Helsinki University, FIN-00170 Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 20 C, Finland", "fullName": "Research Institute for Theoretical Physics, Helsinki University", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "FIN-00170 Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 20 C, Finland", "departmentId": "103201213"}] |
633 | 35,405 | Optimal and Sub-Optimal Maximum a Posteriori Algorithms Suitable for Turbo Decoding | European Transactions on Telecommunications | For estimating the states or outputs of a Markov process, the symbol-by-symbol maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm is optimal. However, this algorithm, even in its recursive form, poses technical difficulties because of numerical representation problems, the necessity of non-linear functions and a high number of additions and multiplications. MAP like algorithms operating in the logarithmic domain presented in the past solve the numerical problem and reduce the computational complexity, but are suboptimal especially at low SNR (a common example is the Max-Log-MAP because of its use of the max function). A further simplification yields the soft-output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA). In this paper, we present a Log-MAP algorithm that avoids the approximations in the Max-Log-MAP algorithm and hence is equivalent to the true MAP, but without its major disadvantages. We compare the (Log-)MAP, Max-Log-MAP and SOVA from a theoretical point of view to illuminate their commonalities and differences. As a practical example, we consider Turbo decoding, and we also demonstrate the practical suitability of the Log-MAP by including quantization effects. The SOVA is, at 10<sup>-4</sup>, approximately 0.7 dB inferior to the (Log-)MAP, the Max-Log-MAP lying roughly in between. The channel capacities of the three algorithms -when employed in a Turbo decoder- are evaluated numerically. | ["Robertson P.", "Hoeher P.", "Villebrun E."] | ["7201477027", "7004568592", "6506881291"] | 1,997 | 424 | [] | 10.1002/ett.4460080202 | Article | English | [{"id": "60007798", "name": "Inst. for Communications Technology, Ger. Aerosp. Research Establishment, D-82230 Oberpfaffenhofen, P.O. Box 1116, Germany", "fullName": "Inst. for Communications Technology, Ger. Aerosp. Research Establishment", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "D-82230 Oberpfaffenhofen, P.O. Box 1116, Germany", "departmentId": "103429165"}, {"id": "60104081", "name": "France Telecom, CNET, F-92131 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, 38-40 Ave. du General Le Clerc, France", "fullName": "France Telecom, CNET", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "F-92131 Issy-Les-Moulineaux, 38-40 Ave. du General Le Clerc, France", "departmentId": "125168066"}] |
634 | 35,628 | Hydrodynamic focusing on a silicon chip: Mixing nanoliters in microseconds | Physical Review Letters | We describe the formation and control of nanoscale, submerged fluid jets. The focusing process necessary to achieve these small length scales is characterized experimentally and theoretically. Fast mixing is one important application of nanoscale fluid control: We demonstrate this with a continuous-flow mixer capable of mix times of less than 10µs and sample consumption rates of nanoliters per second. This new technique facilitates the study of fast reaction kinetics on time scales unattainable with conventional mixing technology. © 1998 The American Physical Society. | ["Knight J.B.", "Vishwanath A.", "Brody J.P.", "Austin R.H."] | ["57216186914", "6602599150", "7202412719", "7202857058"] | 1,998 | 700 | [] | 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.3863 | Article | English | [{"id": "60003269", "name": "Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, United States", "fullName": "Department of Physics, Princeton University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Princeton, NJ, 08544, United States", "departmentId": "105282824"}] |
635 | 35,673 | Entanglement swapping between multi-qudit systems | Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General | We generalize the entanglement swapping scheme originally proposed for two pairs of qubits to an arbitrary number q of systems composed from an arbitrary number m<sub>j</sub> of qudits. Each of the systems is supposed to be prepared in a maximally entangled state of m<sub>j</sub> qudits, while different systems are not correlated at all. We show that when a set of ∑<sup>q</sup><sub>j=1</sub> a<sub>j</sub> particles (from each of the q systems a<sub>j</sub> particles are measured) is subjected to a generalized Bell-type measurement, the resulting set of ∑<sup>q</sup><sub>j=1</sub> (m<sub>j</sub> - a<sub>j</sub>) particles will collapse into a maximally entangled state. | ["Bouda J.", "Bužek V."] | ["7006191170", "7006770086"] | 2,001 | 31 | [] | 10.1088/0305-4470/34/20/304 | Article | English | [{"id": "60029543", "name": "Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Botanická 68a, Czech Republic", "fullName": "Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "602 00 Brno, Botanická 68a, Czech Republic", "departmentId": "104496914"}, {"id": "60031004", "name": "Department of Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia", "fullName": "Department of Physics, University of Queensland", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia", "departmentId": "100249701"}, {"id": "60010330", "name": "Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 842 28 Bratislava, Dúbravská cesta 9, Slovakia", "fullName": "Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "842 28 Bratislava, Dúbravská cesta 9, Slovakia", "departmentId": "104230135"}] |
636 | 35,734 | Synthesis of (±)-silphinene using electrochemical method as a key step | Tetrahedron Letters | (±)-Silphinene has been synthesized from 2,6,6-trimethyl-9-methoxytricyclo[5.3.1.0<sup>1,5</sup>]undec-9-en-8,11-dione which has been produced efficiently by means of electrochemical method. © 1989. | ["Shizuri Y.", "Ohkubo M.", "Yamamura S."] | ["7004584497", "7102540429", "7202609115"] | 1,989 | 10 | [] | 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)80658-4 | Article | English | [{"id": "60025997", "name": "Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Japan", "fullName": "Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Yokohama, Japan", "departmentId": "100299974"}] |
637 | 35,851 | Topological two-dimensional dilaton supergravity | Physics Letters B | We present a topological version of two-dimensional dilaton supergravity. It is obtained by gauging an extension of the super-Poincaré algebra in two space-time dimensions. This algebra is obtained by an unconventional contraction of the super de Sitter algebra. Besides the generators of the super de Sitter algebra it has one more fermionic generator and two more bosonic generators one of them being a central charge. The gauging of this algebra is performed in the usual way. Unlike some proposals for a dilaton supergravity theory we obtain a model which is non-local in the gravitino field. © 1994. | ["Rivelles V.O."] | ["7003445090"] | 1,994 | 10 | [] | 10.1016/0370-2693(94)90462-6 | Article | English | [{"id": "60008088", "name": "Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, 01498 S. Paulo, SP, C. Postal 20516, Brazil", "fullName": "Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "01498 S. Paulo, SP, C. Postal 20516, Brazil", "departmentId": "105429480"}] |
638 | 35,920 | On variance estimation in nonparametric regression | Biometrika | A simple explicit estimator of variance in nonparametric regression is suggested, based on the mean square of a sequence of residuals. The estimator is valid for general error distributions, has elementary bias and variance properties, and is optimal to both first and second orders. © 1990 Biometrika Trust. | ["Hall P.", "Marron J.S."] | ["57203346769", "35411635500"] | 1,990 | 99 | ["Curve estimation", "Kernel estimator", "Nonparametric regression", "Residual", "Smoothing", "Variance estimation"] | 10.1093/biomet/77.2.415 | Article | English | [{"id": "60008950", "name": "Department of Statistics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT2601, Australia", "fullName": "Department of Statistics, Australian National University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Canberra, ACT2601, Australia", "departmentId": "103493967"}, {"id": "60025111", "name": "Department of Statistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC27514, United States", "fullName": "Department of Statistics, University of North Carolina", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Chapel Hill, NC27514, United States", "departmentId": "109578501"}] |
639 | 36,097 | Hysteresis Effect in Pass-Transistor-Based, Partially Depleted SOI CMOS Circuits | IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits | This paper presents a detailed study on the hysteretic delay variations of pass-transistor-based circuits with floating-body partially depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS devices. It is shown that the pass-transistor can be conditioned into a initial state with extremely high body voltage (exceeding the power supply voltage V<sub>DD</sub>), thus resulting in highly hysteretic delay variations when the body subsequently loses charges through the switching cycles. Basic physical mechanisms underlying the hysteretic circuit behavior and its frequency dependence are examined. Different initial states of the circuit are shown to cause large delay disparity at the beginning of the switching activity, yet they converge as the circuit approaches steady state. Use of cross-coupled dual-rail circuit configuration is shown to be very effective in reducing the hysteretic delay variation and its frequency dependence. | ["Puri R.", "Chuang C.-T."] | ["57205888332", "57224640801"] | 2,000 | 15 | ["Circuit modeling", "CMOS digital integrated circuits", "Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology"] | 10.1109/4.839922 | Article | English | [{"id": "60017366", "name": "IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, United States", "fullName": "IBM T. J. Watson Research Center", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60000674", "name": "Regional Engineering College, Kurukshetra, India", "fullName": "Regional Engineering College", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Kurukshetra, India", "departmentId": "106811555"}, {"id": "60021988", "name": "Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India", "fullName": "Indian Institute of Technology", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "Kanpur, India", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60030813", "name": "Advanced System Design Tools Group, Nortel Research, Ottawa, Ont., Canada", "fullName": "Advanced System Design Tools Group, Nortel Research", "reference": "d", "fullAddress": "Ottawa, Ont., Canada", "departmentId": "104561063"}, {"id": "60017366", "name": "IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, United States", "fullName": "IBM T. J. Watson Research Center", "reference": "e", "fullAddress": "Yorktown Heights, NY, United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60005429", "name": "National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan", "fullName": "National Taiwan University", "reference": "f", "fullAddress": "Taipei, Taiwan", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60025038", "name": "University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States", "fullName": "University of California", "reference": "g", "fullAddress": "Berkeley, CA, United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60025038", "name": "Electronics Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States", "fullName": "Electronics Research Laboratory, University of California", "reference": "h", "fullAddress": "Berkeley, CA, United States", "departmentId": "104262255"}] |
640 | 36,418 | Darcy’s experiments and the deviation to nonlinear flow regime | Journal of Fluids Engineering, Transactions of the ASME | Many important technological and natural processes involving flow through porous media are characterized by large filtration velocity. It is important to know when the transition from the linear flow regime to the quadratic flow regime actually occurs to obtain accurate models for these processes. By interpreting the quadratic extension of the original Darcy equation as a model of the macroscopic form drag, we suggest a physically consistent parameter to characterize the transition to quadratic flow regime in place of the Reynolds number, Re. We demonstrate that an additional data set obtained by Darcy, and so far ignored by the community, indeed supports the Darcy equation. Finally, we emphasize that the cubic extension proposed in the literature, proportional to Re<sup>3</sup> and mathematically valid only for Re≪1, is irrelevant in practice. Hence, it should not be compared to the quadratic extension experimentally observed when Re≥. © 2000 by ASME. | ["Lage J.L.", "Antohe B.V."] | ["7006458053", "7003873587"] | 2,000 | 65 | [] | 10.1115/1.1287722 | Article | English | [{"id": "60017536", "name": "Mechanical Engineering Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275-0337, P.O. Box 750337, United States", "fullName": "Mechanical Engineering Department, Southern Methodist University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Dallas, TX, 75275-0337, P.O. Box 750337, United States", "departmentId": "103906476"}, {"id": "60020184", "name": "MicroFab Technologies Inc., Plano, TX, 75074, United States", "fullName": "MicroFab Technologies Inc.", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Plano, TX, 75074, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
641 | 36,431 | Trigonometric sums, green functions of finite groups and representations of Weyl groups | Inventiones Mathematicae | null | ["Springer T.A."] | ["7202052463"] | 1,976 | 182 | [] | 10.1007/BF01390009 | Article | English | [{"id": "60007989", "name": "Mathematisch Instituut der Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Budapestlaan 6 De Uithof, Netherlands", "fullName": "Mathematisch Instituut der Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Utrecht, Budapestlaan 6 De Uithof, Netherlands", "departmentId": null}] |
642 | 36,555 | Real-time communication in local area ring networks | Proceedings - Conference on Local Computer Networks, LCN | Timed token protocols are almost exclusively used for medium access control in local area ring networks. We consider in this paper the feasibility of using buffered transmission which has the advantages of eliminating the token passing overhead and relieving the network interface from the complex token handling operations. By establishing real-time channels (each of which is a unidirectional virtual connection), the end- to-end delivery delay of real-time packets can also be controlled more flexibly than the timed token protocols. We first review the concept of real-time channel (RTC) and the RTC establishment procedures. Its performance is then compared with the FDDI timed token protocol. Our simulation results show that the buffered transmission in local area ring networks equipped with real-time channels enhances both the networks' throughput and the ability to support heterogeneous real-time traffic. The implementation of the network interface is also examined with an example design showing the feasibility of real-time channels in high-speed local area networks. © 1992 IEEE. | ["Zheng Q.", "Shin K.G."] | ["56004303800", "36079966700"] | 1,992 | 4 | [] | 10.1109/LCN.1992.228106 | Conference Paper | English | [{"id": "60025778", "name": "Real-Time Computing Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109-2122, MI, United States", "fullName": "Real-Time Computing Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Ann Arbor, 48109-2122, MI, United States", "departmentId": "110795674"}] |
643 | 36,603 | Duopoly with spatial and quantity- dependent price discrimination | Regional Science and Urban Economics | Spatial price discrimination with downward-sloping demands is extended to allow for non-linear pricing by competing firms. With linear discriminatory pricing only, firms' locations are not efficient, but only minimize transport costs given the firms' sales distributions. Furthermore, the quantities sold are less than the efficient quantities. With non-linear delivered pricing, at the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium, quantities are identical to those under marginal cost pricing. The socially optimal locations are an equilibrium of the firms' location game. © 1992. | ["Hamilton J.H.", "Thisse J.-F."] | ["7403704965", "55941795900"] | 1,992 | 18 | [] | 10.1016/0166-0462(92)90009-P | Article | English | [{"id": "60013959", "name": "University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States", "fullName": "University of Florida", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Gainesville, FL, United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60000874", "name": "CORE, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium", "fullName": "CORE, Université Catholique de Louvain", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60027090", "name": "Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, VA, United States", "fullName": "Virginia Polytechnic Institute", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "Blacksburg, VA, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
644 | 36,647 | Exceptional hodge classes on certain abelian varieties | Mathematische Annalen | null | ["Murty V.K."] | ["25922699900"] | 1,984 | 30 | [] | 10.1007/BF01456085 | Article | English | [{"id": "60031855", "name": "School of Mathematics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay, 400005, India", "fullName": "School of Mathematics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Bombay, 400005, India", "departmentId": "100259783"}] |
645 | 36,676 | A column generation method for inverse shortest path problems | ZOR Zeitschrift für Operations Research Mathematical Methods of Operations Research | In this paper we formulate an inverse shortest path problem as a special linear programming problem. A column generation scheme is developed that is able to keep most columns of the LP model implicit and to generate necessary columns by shortest path algorithms. This method can get an optimal solution in finitely many steps. Some numerical results are reported to show that the algorithm has a good performance. © 1995 Physica-Verlag. | ["Zhang J.", "Ma Z.", "Yang C."] | ["7601347884", "7403600440", "55706713600"] | 1,995 | 46 | ["column generation methods", "dual problem", "Inverse shortest path problems", "Simplex method"] | 10.1007/BF01432364 | Article | English | [{"id": "60013983", "name": "Department of Mathematics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong", "fullName": "Department of Mathematics, City University of Hong Kong", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Hong Kong", "departmentId": "103724817"}, {"id": "60019499", "name": "Institute of Systems Sciences, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China", "fullName": "Institute of Systems Sciences, Academia Sinica", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Beijing, China", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60013983", "name": "Department of Mathematics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong", "fullName": "Department of Mathematics, City University of Hong Kong", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "Hong Kong", "departmentId": "103724817"}] |
646 | 36,690 | Rule discovery by soft induction techniques | Neurocomputing | The paper describes two soft induction techniques, GDT-NR and GDT-RS, for discovering classification rules from databases with uncertainty and incompleteness. The techniques are based on a generalization distribution table (GDT), in which the probabilistic relationships between concepts and instances over discrete domains are represented. By using the GDT as a probabilistic search space, (1) unseen instances can be considered in the rule discovery process and the uncertainty of a rule, including its ability to predict unseen instances, can be explicitly represented in the strength of the rule; (2) biases can be flexibly selected for search control and background knowledge can be used as a bias to control the creation of a GDT and the rule discovery process. We describe that a GDT can be represented by a variant of connectionist networks (GDT-NR for short), and rules can be discovered by learning on the GDT-NR. Furthermore, we combine the GDT with the rough set methodology (GDT-RS for short). By using GDT-RS, a minimal set of rules with larger strengths can be acquired from databases with noisy, incomplete data. We compare GDT-NR with GDT-RS, and describe GDT-RS is a better way than GDT-NR for large, complex databases. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. | ["Zhong N.", "Dong J.", "Ohsuga S."] | ["7102138219", "7403365349", "55679296500"] | 2,001 | 16 | ["Background knowledge", "Generalization distribution tahle (GDT)", "Hybrid system", "Inductive learning", "Knowledge discovery", "Rough sets", "Soft computing", "Uncertainty and incompleteness"] | 10.1016/S0925-2312(00)00341-6 | Article | English | [{"id": "60104220", "name": "Department of Information Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi-City 371, 460-Kamisadori-Cho, Japan", "fullName": "Department of Information Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Maebashi-City 371, 460-Kamisadori-Cho, Japan", "departmentId": "113641447"}, {"id": "60023462", "name": "Department of Information and Computer Science, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169, 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku-Ku, Japan", "fullName": "Department of Information and Computer Science, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Tokyo 169, 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku-Ku, Japan", "departmentId": "104187671"}] |
647 | 36,737 | Electronic structure of fcc Th: Spin-orbit calculation with 6p<sub>1/2</sub> local orbital extension | Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics | Ab initio electronic structure calculations of actinide compounds have a weak point when the spin-orbit coupling is treated using a scalar-relativistic basis and the second variational method due to the poor description of the 6p states. We extend the basis set of the second variational step by including relativistic p<sub>1/2</sub> local orbitals for the description of the 6p states. Our results show that the additional p<sub>1/2</sub> local orbitals significantly improve the description of actinides. | ["Kuneš J.", "Novák P.", "Schmid R.", "Blaha P.", "Schwarz K."] | ["7103316738", "56086323600", "57213943249", "56574443600", "7201446457"] | 2,001 | 0 | [] | 10.1103/PhysRevB.64.153102 | Article | English | [{"id": "60031135", "name": "Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, CZ-162 53 Prague, Cukrovarnická 10, Czech Republic", "fullName": "Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "CZ-162 53 Prague, Cukrovarnická 10, Czech Republic", "departmentId": "113002432"}, {"id": "60007762", "name": "Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Frankfurt, D-60054 Frankfurt am Main, Robert-Mayer-Strasse 8-10, Germany", "fullName": "Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Frankfurt", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "D-60054 Frankfurt am Main, Robert-Mayer-Strasse 8-10, Germany", "departmentId": "113397260"}, {"id": "60018163", "name": "Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Vienna, A-1060 Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9, Austria", "fullName": "Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, TU Vienna", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "A-1060 Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9, Austria", "departmentId": "103930725"}] |
648 | 36,789 | A data acquisition system for coincidence imaging using a conventional dual head gamma cameral | IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science | A low cost data acquisition system (DAS) was developed to acquire coincidence data from an unmodified General Electric Maxxus dual head scintillation camera. A high impedance pick-off circuit provides position and energy signals to the DAS without interfering with normal camera operation. The signals are pulse-clipped to reduce pileup effects. Coincidence is determined with fast timing signals derived from constant fraction discriminators. A charge-integrating FERA 16 channel ADC feeds position and energy data to two CAMAC FERA memories operated as ping-pong buffers. A Macintosh PowerPC running Labview controls the system and reads the CAMAC memories. A CAMAC 12-channel sealer records singles and coincidence rate data. The system dead-time is approximately 10% at a coincidence rate of 4.0 kHz. © 1997 IEEE. | ["Lewellen T.K.", "Miyaoka U.S.", "Jansen F.", "Kaplan M.S."] | ["7006241514", "54679973800", "55704774600", "7403265015"] | 1,997 | 14 | [] | 10.1109/23.596990 | Article | English | [{"id": "60000251", "name": "IEEE", "fullName": "IEEE", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": null, "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60015481", "name": "University of Washington and General Electric Medical Systems, United States", "fullName": "University of Washington and General Electric Medical Systems", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "United States", "departmentId": null}] |
649 | 36,850 | Šil'nikov-Hopf bifurcation | Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena | We derive a 2-parameter Poincaré map modeling a 3-dimensional vector flow near the codimension-2 point defined by a Šil'nikov homoclinic orbit to a fixed point undergoing a Hopf bifurcation. In one parameter regime the map reproduces Glendinning and Sparrow's results for the Šil'nikov bifurcation while in another regime it provides new results for a small Hopf cycle with a global reinjection mechanism. The map is analyzed finding primary homoclinic tangencies to the small Hopf cycle. Parameter dependence of periodic orbits associated with these tangencies is described. Global behavior of the tube-like unstable manifold of the Hopf cycle is studied in depth, analytically and numerically, locating its simplest subsidiary tangencies. © 1993. | ["Hirschberg P.", "Knobloch E."] | ["6701584312", "57206230726"] | 1,993 | 45 | [] | 10.1016/0167-2789(93)90282-6 | Article | English | [{"id": "60025038", "name": "Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States", "fullName": "Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Berkeley, CA 94720, United States", "departmentId": "105292544"}] |
650 | 36,872 | How initial conditions affect generalization performance in large networks | IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks | Generalization is one of the most important problems in neural-network research. It is influenced by several factors in the network design, such as network size, weight decay factor, and others. We show here that the initial weight distribution (for gradient decent training algorithms) is one other factor that influences generalization. The initial conditions guide the training algorithm to search particular places of the weight space. For instance small initial weights tend to result in low complexity networks, and therefore can effectively act as a regularization factor. We propose a novel network complexity measure, which is helpful in shedding insight into the phenomenon, as well as in studying other aspects of generalization. © 1997 IEEE. | ["Atiya A.", "Ji C."] | ["7004005716", "7202015295"] | 1,997 | 52 | [] | 10.1109/72.557701 | Article | English | [{"id": "60010294", "name": "Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt", "fullName": "Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Giza, Egypt", "departmentId": "103182743"}, {"id": "60025534", "name": "Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Eng., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States", "fullName": "Department of Electrical, Computer, and Systems Eng., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Troy, NY 12180, United States", "departmentId": "105184278"}] |
651 | 36,955 | Correlation dimension: A pivotal statistic for non-constrained realizations of composite hypotheses in surrogate data analysis | Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena | Currently surrogate data analysis can be used to determine if data is consistent with various linear systems, or something else (a nonlinear system). In this paper we propose an extension of these methods in an attempt to make more specific classifications within the class of nonlinear systems. In the method of surrogate data one estimates the probability distribution of values of a test statistic for a set of experimental data under the assumption that the data is consistent with a given hypothesis. If the probability distribution of the test statistic is different for different dynamical systems consistent with the hypothesis, one must ensure that the surrogate generation technique generates surrogate data that are a good approximation to the data. This is often achieved with a careful choice of surrogate generation method and for noise driven linear surrogates such methods are commonly used. This paper argues that, in many cases (particularly for nonlinear hypotheses), it is easier to select a test statistic for which the probability distribution of test statistic values is the same for all systems consistent with the hypothesis. For most linear hypotheses one can use a reliable estimator of a dynamic invariant of the underlying class of processes. For more complex, nonlinear hypothesis it requires suitable restatement (or cautious statement) of the hypothesis. Using such statistics one can build nonlinear models of the data and apply the methods of surrogate data to determine if the data is consistent with a simulation from a broad class of models. These ideas are illustrated with estimates of probability distribution functions for correlation dimension estimates of experimental and artificial data, and linear and nonlinear hypotheses. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. | ["Small M.", "Judd K."] | ["7201846419", "7005438438"] | 1,998 | 43 | ["Correlation dimension", "Electrocardiogram", "Infant respiratory patterns", "Nonlinear surrogates", "Surrogate data analysis"] | 10.1016/S0167-2789(98)00088-8 | Article | English | [{"id": "60031806", "name": "Centre for Applied Dynamics and Optimization, Department of Mathematics, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia", "fullName": "Centre for Applied Dynamics and Optimization, Department of Mathematics, University of Western Australia", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia", "departmentId": "105447413"}] |
652 | 36,988 | A strategy for managing content complexity in algorithm animation | SIGCSE Bulletin (Association for Computing Machinery, Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education) | Computer animation is an excellent medium for capturing the dynamic nature of data structure manipulations, and can be used to advantage in the teaching of algorithms and data structures. A major educational issue is the necessity of providing a means for the student to manage the complexity of the material. We have addressed this issue in a multimedia teaching tool called "Algorithms in Action" by allowing students to view an algorithm at varying levels of detail. Starting with a high level pseudocode description of the algorithm, with accompanying high level animation and textual explanation, students can expand sections of the pseudocode to expose more detail. Animation and explanation are controlled in a coordinated fashion, becoming correspondingly more detailed as the pseudocode is expanded. The tool also supports dofferem ,pdes. corresponding to different stages in the learning process. Student feedback suggests that the availability of multiple levels detail and the facility for the user to control the level of detail being viewed is an effective way to manage content complexity. | ["Stern L.", "Søndergaard H.", "Naish L."] | ["7201414969", "7004625463", "6602429996"] | 1,999 | 16 | [] | 10.1145/384267.305891 | Article | English | [{"id": "60026553", "name": "Department of Computer Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia", "fullName": "Department of Computer Science, University of Melbourne", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Parkville, Vic., Australia", "departmentId": "104343962"}] |
653 | 37,109 | Error analysis of direction cosines and quaternion parameters techniques for aircraft attitude determination | IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems | Matrix differential equations for the determination of aircraft attitude orientation and the associated errors equations are developed in a four-dimensional space for both the direction cosines and quaternion parameter approaches. In this four-dimensional space, the corresponding algorithms, using accumulated gyro outputs, are developed and evaluated for the case of classical coning motion with time-varying angular velocity direction vector. Computation using symbolic algebra is considered in finding a closed-form solution for error propagation for a time-varying angular velocity direction vector. Examining the coning motion case shows that the true (analytic) scale and skew errors generated by the gyro drift are negligibly small in the direction cosines approach. Further, the true (analytic) scale errors in the quaternion technique are smaller than the computed (numerical) errors. Graphically illustrated are the true and computed errors in both the direction cosines and quaternion techniques for comparison. © 1998 IEEE. | ["Lovren N.", "Pieper J.K."] | ["6507814579", "7005147781"] | 1,998 | 14 | [] | 10.1109/7.705910 | Article | English | [{"id": "60002306", "name": "Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada", "fullName": "Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Calgary", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada", "departmentId": "113581447"}] |
654 | 37,189 | Two new results in cylindrical diocotron theory | Physics of Fluids | Two new results on the diocotron wave are presented. One is a linearized solution valid for arbitrary unperturbed density profiles, but restricted to the fundamental mode. The other exhibits a special family of exact nonlinear solutions to diocotron type motion. | ["Levy R.H."] | ["22983336900"] | 1,968 | 62 | [] | 10.1063/1.1692026 | Article | English | [{"id": "60086608", "name": "Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Everett, MA, United States", "fullName": "Avco Everett Research Laboratory", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Everett, MA, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
655 | 37,210 | Riddled parameter space in spatiotemporal chaotic dynamical systems | Physical Review Letters | We demonstrate that some chaotic parameter subsets of a class of spatiotemporal chaotic systems modeled by globally coupled maps are riddled. That is, for every point in the chaotic parameter subset, there are parameter values arbitrarily nearby that lead to nonchaotic attractors. A consequence is an extremely sensitive parameter dependence characterized by a significant probability of error in numerical computation of asymptotic attractors, regardless of the precision with which parameters are specified. © 1994 The American Physical Society. | ["Lai Y.-C.", "Winslow R.L."] | ["7401512359", "7102092731"] | 1,994 | 44 | [] | 10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.1640 | Article | English | [{"id": "60005248", "name": "Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States", "fullName": "Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Baltimore, MD 21205, United States", "departmentId": "100261909"}, {"id": "60005248", "name": "Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States", "fullName": "Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Whiting School of Engineering", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Baltimore, MD 21218, United States", "departmentId": "100305922"}] |
656 | 37,225 | Counting extensions | Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A | Counts of extensions, such as the number of triangles containing a vertex or the number of paths of length five containing a given two vertices, are examined in a random graph. It is shown, roughly, that when the expected value of the number grows faster than logarithmically then the counts are asympotically equal for all choices of the root points. © 1990. | ["Spencer J."] | ["7402630758"] | 1,990 | 45 | [] | 10.1016/0097-3165(90)90070-D | Article | English | [{"id": "60003261", "name": "Courant Institute, New York, NY 10012, 251 Mercer St, United States", "fullName": "Courant Institute", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "New York, NY 10012, 251 Mercer St, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
657 | 37,274 | Null strings and Hertz potentials | Journal of Mathematical Physics | A covariant expression for the massless spinor fields in terms of Hertz potentials is given, assuming that the space-time admits a congruence of null strings defined by a multiple Debever-Penrose spinor. The metric of these spaces is also given in a covariant form. © 1984 American Institute of Physics. | ["Torres Del Castillo G.F."] | ["7003502488"] | 1,984 | 17 | [] | 10.1063/1.526158 | Article | English | [{"id": "60024830", "name": "Departamento de Física Matemática, Institute de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Pue., Mexico", "fullName": "Departamento de Física Matemática, Institute de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Puebla, Pue., Mexico", "departmentId": "104252129"}, {"id": "60017323", "name": "Departamento de Física, Centra de Investigatión y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 07000 México, D.F, Apartado Postal 14-740, Mexico", "fullName": "Departamento de Física, Centra de Investigatión y Estudios Avanzados del IPN", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "07000 México, D.F, Apartado Postal 14-740, Mexico", "departmentId": "100291971"}] |
658 | 37,344 | A WAVELET DENOISING TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE ENDPOINT DETECTION IN ADVERSE CONDITIONS | 6th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, EUROSPEECH 1999 | Recognition performance decreases when automatic recognition systems are used over the telephone network, especially wireless network and noisy environments. Previous studies have shown that non efficient speech/non-speech detection is a very important source of this degradation. Hence, speech detector robustness to noise is highly required, in order to improve recognition performance for the very noisy communications. Several studies were conducted aiming at increasing the robustness of speech/non-speech detection used for speech recognition in adverse conditions. However, despite the improvements, many segments of noise may be wrongly detected by the robust speech/non-speech detector, which increases the false acceptance errors. Therefore, this paper introduces an efficient method to reject such false detections in order to provide a robust word boundary detection algorithm reliable in the very noisy cellular network environment. The algorithm is based on a denoising technique using a discrete wavelet transform of the detector's output segments. © 1999 6th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, EUROSPEECH 1999. All rights reserved. | ["Karray L.", "Polard E."] | ["6603138032", "57194385701"] | 1,999 | 0 | ["Speech recognition Robustness", "Speech/Non-Speech detection", "Wavelet Denoising"] | null | Conference Paper | English | [{"id": "60104081", "name": "FT.CNET, DIH, DIPS, 2, Av. P. Marzin, Lannion Cedex, 22307, France", "fullName": "FT.CNET, DIH, DIPS", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "2, Av. P. Marzin, Lannion Cedex, 22307, France", "departmentId": null}] |
659 | 37,435 | Latent-structure decompositions (projections) of multivariate data | Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems | Several approaches to the decomposition of multivariate data arrays in terms of latent structure are developed within a common mathematical frame. The methods considered are (i) decomposition into principal components, also called singular-value decomposition, (ii) decomposition using the partial-least-squares approach and (iii) projection on to axes defined by selected variables or objects, so-called markers. Graphic display, being of major importance in interactive data exploration and classification, is discussed. © 1987. | ["Kvalheim O.M."] | ["7005077187"] | 1,987 | 70 | [] | 10.1016/0169-7439(87)80021-7 | Article | English | [{"id": "60029622", "name": "Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, N-5000 Bergen, Norway", "fullName": "Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "N-5000 Bergen, Norway", "departmentId": "104501148"}] |
660 | 37,511 | The multidimensional positive definite advection transport algorithm: nonoscillatory option | Journal of Computational Physics | This paper presents a nonoscillatory option (i.e., free of dispersive ripples) of the advection algorithm described previously in J. Comput. Phys. (54 (1984), 325; 67 (1986), 396). The approach adopted merges the flux-corrected transport methodology with the iterative formalism of the algorithm. Further discussion of the algorithm's accuracy is included. Theoretical considerations are illustrated through numerical tests and examples of applications to atmospheric fluid dynamics problems. © 1990. | ["Smolarkiewicz P.K.", "Grabowski W.W."] | ["7004279605", "57193882808"] | 1,990 | 279 | [] | 10.1016/0021-9991(90)90105-A | Article | English | [{"id": "60021243", "name": "National Center for Atmospheric Research, The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.Boulder, CO 80307, United States", "fullName": "National Center for Atmospheric Research, The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.Boulder", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "CO 80307, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
661 | 37,557 | The rank of the present excursion | Stochastic Processes and their Applications | It is shown that for standard Brownian motion the present excursion from 0 has probability 0.80031 ... of establishing a record as far as its duration is concerned. This follows from a more general result concerning the rank of an excursion in the point process representation of a renewal process having interarrival times, the distribution of which varies regularly at infinity with exponent p ε{lunate}] - 1,0[. Using Palm probabilities for Poisson processes one finds in fact the generating function of this rank explicitly. © 1995. | ["Scheffer C.L."] | ["16532538600"] | 1,995 | 9 | ["Current lifetime", "Excursions"] | 10.1016/0304-4149(95)91544-B | Article | English | [{"id": "60006288", "name": "Department of Mathematics, Technical University Delft, Netherlands", "fullName": "Department of Mathematics, Technical University Delft", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Netherlands", "departmentId": "100297605"}] |
662 | 37,670 | Online information sources: Tools of business intelligence? | Journal of Information Science | Organisations seek to use information intelligently and to generate business intelligence for future profitable prospects. Although not regarded as business intelligence per se, there is a role for commercially produced online information sources and internally generated intranet resources in business intelligence activity. For example, the human post-coordination of raw data from a commercial source may direct business decisions; Web pages on intranets serve to unify 'grey' internal company information; the company intranet serves as a platform for unifying internal and external sources. However, technological and cultural barriers can inhibit the effectiveness of online information sources held on company networks, and other processes, such as the mining of transactional data, offer alternative means of deriving business intelligence. For those involved in the provision of business information, ultimately it is the question of what to provide at the point of application that is most important when attempting to create business intelligence from online information sources. | ["Hall H."] | ["7202132900"] | 2,000 | 4 | [] | 10.1177/016555150002600303 | Article | English | [{"id": "60018186", "name": "Napier University, Business School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom", "fullName": "Napier University, Business School", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Edinburgh, United Kingdom", "departmentId": "103932776"}, {"id": "60018186", "name": "Napier University, Business School, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, Sighthill Court, United Kingdom", "fullName": "Napier University, Business School", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Edinburgh EH11 4BN, Sighthill Court, United Kingdom", "departmentId": "103932776"}] |
663 | 37,738 | Pattern formation by interacting chemical fronts | Science | Experiments on a bistable chemical reaction in a continuously fed thin gel layer reveal a new type of spatiotemporal pattern, one in which fronts propagate at a constant speed until they reach a critical separation (typically 0.4 millimeter) and stop. The resulting asymptotic state is a highly irregular stationary pattern that contrasts with the regular patterns such as hexagons, squares, and stripes that have been observed in many nonequilibrium systems. The observed patterns are initiated by a finite amplitude perturbation rather than through spontaneous symmetry breaking. | ["Lee K.J.", "McCormick W.D.", "Ouyang Q.", "Swinney H.L."] | ["24463575200", "7102035760", "23482636300", "7005915008"] | 1,993 | 300 | [] | 10.1126/science.261.5118.192 | Article | English | [{"id": "60013372", "name": "Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States", "fullName": "Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Austin, TX 78712, United States", "departmentId": "112449261"}] |
664 | 37,886 | Cosmological consequences of spontaneous lepton number violation in SO(10) grand unification | Physical Review D | Cosmological constraints on grand-unified theories with spontaneous lepton number violation are analyzed. We concentrate on SO(10), the simplest of the models possessing this property. It has been noted previously that the consistency of these models with the observed baryon asymmetry generically implies strict upper bounds on the light neutrino masses. In this paper, we analyze the situation in detail. We find that minimal models of fermion masses face difficulties, but that it is possible for these models to generate an adequate baryon asymmetry via nonequilibrium lepton-number-violating processes when the right-handed neutrino masses are near their maximum possible values. This condition uniquely picks out the minimal gauge symmetry-breaking scheme. A nonminimal model is also analyzed, with somewhat different conclusions due to the nature of the imposed symmetries. © 1993 The American Physical Society. | ["Gherghetta T.", "Jungman G."] | ["7004273383", "6603256247"] | 1,993 | 15 | [] | 10.1103/PhysRevD.48.1546 | Article | English | [{"id": "60029278", "name": "Enrico Fermi Institute, Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., United States", "fullName": "Enrico Fermi Institute, Department of Physics, University of Chicago", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Chicago, IL 60637, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., United States", "departmentId": "122926046"}] |
665 | 37,976 | On the second eigenvalue and random walks in random d-regular graphs | Combinatorica | The main goal of this paper is to estimate the magnitude of the second largest eigenvalue in absolute value, λ<sub>2</sub>, of (the adjacency matrix of) a random d-regular graph, G. In order to do so, we study the probability that a random walk on a random graph returns to its originating vertex at the k-th step, for various values of k. Our main theorem about eigenvalues is that {Mathematical expression} for any {Mathematical expression}, where E denotes the expected value over a certain probability space of 2 d-regular graphs. It follows, for example, that for fixed d the second eigenvalue's magnitude is no more than {Mathematical expression} with probability 1-n<sup>-C</sup> for constants C and C′ for sufficiently large n. © 1991 Akadémiai Kiadó. | ["Friedman J."] | ["16405856000"] | 1,991 | 91 | ["AMS subject classification code (1991): 05C50, 05C80"] | 10.1007/BF01275669 | Article | English | [{"id": "60003269", "name": "Dept. of Computer Science, University of Princeton, United States", "fullName": "Dept. of Computer Science, University of Princeton", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "United States", "departmentId": "103216354"}] |
666 | 38,026 | Large volume limit of the distribution of characteristic exponents in turbulence | Communications in Mathematical Physics | For spatially extended conservative or dissipative physical systems, it appears natural that a density of characteristic exponents per unit volume should exist when the volume tends to infinity. In the case of a turbulent viscous fluid, however, this simple idea is complicated by the phenomenon of intermittency. In the present paper we obtain rigorous upper bounds on the distribution of characteristic exponents in terms of dissipation. These bounds have a reasonable large volume behavior. For two-dimensional fluids a particularly striking result is obtained: the total information creation is bounded above by a fixed multiple of the total energy dissipation (at fixed viscosity). The distribution of characteristic exponents is estimated in an intermittent model of turbulence (see [7]), and it is found that a change of behavior occurs at the value D=2.6 of the self-similarity dimension. © 1982 Springer-Verlag. | ["Ruelle D."] | ["57204346368"] | 1,982 | 141 | [] | 10.1007/BF01218566 | Article | English | [{"id": "60006084", "name": "I.H.E.S., Bures-sur-Yvette, F-91440, France", "fullName": "I.H.E.S.", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Bures-sur-Yvette, F-91440, France", "departmentId": null}] |
667 | 38,087 | Dissipative and fluctuation phenomena in quantum mechanics with applications | International Journal of Quantum Chemistry | Classical dissipative and fluctuation phenomena have a long history beginning with the experimental work on Brownian motion in 1827 and its theoretical explanation by Einstein in 1905, followed by Langevin's elegant explanation in 1908 when he introduced the idea of a stochastic differential equation. While we briefly review this history, our emphasis is on stochastic phenomena requiring quantum mechanics. We discuss many problems in a variety of areas and point out the merits of a quantum generalized Langevin equation in providing a universal framework for the solution of such problems. As an example, we analyze in detail the problem of radiation reaction in quantum electrodynamics. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | ["O'Connell R.F."] | ["7103138799"] | 1,996 | 15 | [] | 10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1996)58:6<569::AID-QUA3>3.0.CO;2-W | Article | English | [{"id": "60007566", "name": "Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-4001, United States", "fullName": "Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Baton Rouge, LA 70803-4001, United States", "departmentId": "113884628"}] |
668 | 38,108 | Base Dependence of Transition-State Structure in Alkene-Forming E2 Reactions | Accounts of Chemical Research | null | ["Baciocchi E."] | ["7006325514"] | 1,979 | 39 | [] | 10.1021/ar50144a002 | Article | English | [{"id": "60003003", "name": "Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy", "fullName": "Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita di Perugia", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "06100 Perugia, Italy", "departmentId": "103204683"}] |
669 | 38,129 | Finite population sampling with multivariate auxiliary information | Journal of the American Statistical Association | This article examines strategies that are approximately design-unbiased and nearly optimal, assuming a large-sample survey and a regression superpopulation model. A new class of predictors is proposed to link certain features of optimal design-unbiased and model-unbiased predictors. Generalized regression predictors are shown to pervade the subclass of asymptotically design-unbiased (ADU) predictors. Generalized regression predictors are combined with model-based stratification to construct highly efficient ADU strategies. © 1983 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. | ["Wright R.L."] | ["57010652900"] | 1,983 | 43 | ["Asymptotic design unbiasedness", "Generalized regression", "Model-based stratification", "QR predictors", "Survey design"] | 10.1080/01621459.1983.10477035 | Article | English | [{"id": "60025778", "name": "Graduate School of Business Administration, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States", "fullName": "Graduate School of Business Administration, The University of Michigan", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States", "departmentId": "104308846"}] |
670 | 38,149 | Additive fuzzy measures and integrals I | Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications | A point of view concerning "fuzzy measures" is explained. To this end, a new concept of "disjointness" for fuzzy is introduced and studied. Also, a concept of an "additive class of fuzzy sets" is defined to be a class of fuzzy sets closed under some "additive operations." The fuzzy measures are defined to be sum-preserving real functions over such additive classes. Some basic properties of the fuzzy measures are derived. In contrast with other homonymous concepts studied in literature, our fuzzy measures lead to an additive fuzzy integral (see the part II of the paper). © 1983. | ["Butnariu D."] | ["6603691256"] | 1,983 | 67 | [] | 10.1016/0022-247X(83)90186-5 | Article | English | [{"id": "60009915", "name": "Department of Mathematics, Polytechnic Institute of Iaşi, Iaşi, 6600, Romania", "fullName": "Department of Mathematics, Polytechnic Institute of Iaşi", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Iaşi, 6600, Romania", "departmentId": null}] |
671 | 38,219 | Uniform estimates and limits for a two phase parabolic singular perturbation problem | Indiana University Mathematics Journal | This is the first in a series of two papers, where we study the uniform properties and the limit, as ε → 0, of solutions u<sup>ε</sup> (x,t) of the equation (P<sub>ε</sub>] Δu<sup>ε</sup>-u<sup>ε</sup><sub>t</sub>=β <sub>ε</sub>(u<sup>ε</sup>), where ε > 0, β<sub>ε</sub> ≥ 0, β<sub>ε</sub>(s) = (1/ε)β(s/ε), support β= [0,1] and ∫β(s)ds = M. In this paper we prove uniform estimates for uniformly bounded solutions to (P<sub>ε</sub>), we pass to the limit, and we analyze the limit function u in general situations. We show that u satisfies Δu - u<sub>t</sub> = μ, where μ is a measure supported on the free boundary ∂{u > 0}. In order to determine the free boundary condition, we study the case in which u = αcursive Greek chi<sup>+</sup><sub>1</sub> - γcursive Greek chi<sup>-</sup><sub>1</sub> with α ≥ 0, γ > 0. We find that (u<sup>+</sup><sub>v</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-(u<sup>-</sup><sub>v</sub>)<sup>2</sup> = 2M on ∂{u > 0}, where v is the inward unit spatial normal to the free boundary ∂{u > 0}, u<sup>+</sup> = max(u,0) and u<sup>-</sup> = max(-u, 0). In addition, we prove that for any limit function u and free boundary point (cursive Greek chi<sub>0</sub>, t<sub>0</sub>) there holds that if limsup(x,t)→(<sub>xC</sub>,<sub>t0</sub>)|▽u<sup>-</sup>| ≤ γ, then limsup(<sub>x,t</sub>)→(<sub>x0</sub>,t<sub>0</sub>)l▽u<sup>+</sup>| ≤ √/2M + γ<sup>2</sup>. | ["Caffarelli L.A.", "Lederman C.", "Wolanski N."] | ["56250041300", "6701809780", "55409248200"] | 1,997 | 44 | [] | 10.1512/iumj.1997.46.1470 | Article | English | [{"id": "60013372", "name": "Department of Mathematics, RLM 8.100, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States", "fullName": "Department of Mathematics, RLM 8.100, University of Texas at Austin", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Austin, TX 78712, United States", "departmentId": "109237990"}, {"id": "60001563", "name": "Departamento de Matemática, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina", "fullName": "Departamento de Matemática, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad de Buenos Aires", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "(1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina", "departmentId": "113155452"}] |
672 | 38,252 | Asymptotics of the maximum likelihood estimator for general hidden Markov models | Bernoulli | In this paper, we consider the consistency and asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator for a possibly non-stationary hidden Markov model where the hidden state space is a separable and compact space not necessarily finite, and both the transition kernel of the hidden chain and the conditional distribution of the observations depend on a parameter 0. For identifiable models, consistency and asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator are shown to follow from exponential memorylcssness properties of the state prediction filter and geometric ergodicity of suitably extended Markov chains. © 2001 ISI/BS. | ["Douc R.", "Matias C."] | ["8951560500", "6701737339"] | 2,001 | 64 | ["Asymptotic normality", "Consistency", "Geometric ergodicity", "Hidden markov models", "Identifiability", "Maximum likelihood estimation"] | 10.2307/3318493 | Article | English | [{"id": "60008134", "name": "Dpt. TSI/CNRS URA 820, École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications, Paris, France", "fullName": "Dpt. TSI/CNRS URA 820, École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Paris, France", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60106017", "name": "CNRS UMR C 8628, Laboratoire de Probabilités, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France", "fullName": "CNRS UMR C 8628, Laboratoire de Probabilités, Université Paris Sud", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "91405 Orsay Cedex, France", "departmentId": null}] |
673 | 38,265 | A new algorithm for automatic phase correction by symmetrizing lines | Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) | A noniterative method for automatic phase correction, APSL (automatic phasing by symmetrizing lines), which exploits the fact that symmetric lines are maximally symmetric in correctly phased absorption spectra, is presented. The method is tolerant of baseline distortions and can be applied to all spectra in which there are at least two well-separated symmetric lines, not necessarily Lorentzians. An application to experimental data is discussed. © 1991. | ["Heuer A."] | ["35600662300"] | 1,991 | 22 | [] | 10.1016/0022-2364(91)90189-Z | Article | English | [{"id": "60014117", "name": "Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, 6900 Heidelberg, Arbeitsgruppe Molekulkristalle, Jahnstraße 29, Germany", "fullName": "Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "6900 Heidelberg, Arbeitsgruppe Molekulkristalle, Jahnstraße 29, Germany", "departmentId": null}] |
674 | 38,305 | A generalization of permanents and determinants | Linear Algebra and Its Applications | A method is developed for expanding arbitrary powers of the characteristic polynomial of a matrix. The coefficients are expressed in terms of matrix functions generalizing those of the permanent and determinant. The expansions have applications in probability theory. © 1988. | ["Vere-Jones D."] | ["6603940529"] | 1,988 | 38 | [] | 10.1016/0024-3795(88)90053-5 | Article | English | [{"id": "60002316", "name": "Victoria University of Wellington Wellington, New Zealand", "fullName": "Victoria University of Wellington Wellington", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "New Zealand", "departmentId": null}] |
675 | 38,343 | Stellar spectral classification using principal component analysis and artificial neural networks | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | A fast and robust method of classifying a library of optical stellar spectra for O to M type stars is presented. The method employs, as tools: (1) principal component analysis (PCA) for reducing the dimensionality of the data and (2) multilayer back propagation network (MBPN) based artificial neural network (ANN) scheme to automate the process of classification. We are able to reduce the dimensionality of the original spectral data to very few components by using PCA and are able to successfully reconstruct the original spectra. A number of NN architectures are used to classify the library of test spectra. Performance of ANN with this reduced dimension shows that the library can be classified to accuracies similar to those achieved by Gulati et al. but with less computational load. Furthermore, the data compression is so efficient that the NN scheme successfully classifies to the desired accuracy for a wide range of architectures. The procedure will greatly improve our capabilities in handling and analysing large spectral data bases of the future. | ["Singh H.P.", "Gulati R.K.", "Gupta R."] | ["58710685500", "57193352497", "57220802676"] | 1,998 | 0 | ["Methods: data analysis", "Stars: fundamental parameters"] | 10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01255.x | Article | English | [{"id": "60029284", "name": "Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110 021, India", "fullName": "Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "New Delhi 110 021, India", "departmentId": "105664155"}, {"id": "60007361", "name": "Inter Univ. Ctr. Astron. Astrophys., Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, Post bag 4, India", "fullName": "Inter Univ. Ctr. Astron. Astrophys.", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Ganeshkhind, Pune 411 007, Post bag 4, India", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60030699", "name": "Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica, Puebla, CP 72000, Apartado Postal 51 y 216, Mexico", "fullName": "Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electronica", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "Puebla, CP 72000, Apartado Postal 51 y 216, Mexico", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60007361", "name": "IUCAA, India", "fullName": "IUCAA", "reference": "d", "fullAddress": "India", "departmentId": null}] |
676 | 38,403 | Adsorption of n-alkanes on silicalite crystals. A temperature-programmed desorption study | Journal of Physical Chemistry B | The adsorption mechanism of n-alkanes on silicalite has been studied by a modified temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) technique. These experiments are performed by thermogravimetry at constant hydrocarbon partial pressure and at slow heating rate. This work establishes the reversibility of the adsorption equilibrium, and it is demonstrated that TPD experiments occur under conditions that are very close to equilibrium. A quasi-chemical approach taking into account different adsorption sites provides a good modeling of the TPD curves. Sorption enthalpy and entropy variations of n-alkanes are obtained. The sorption data for n-butane to n-octane are in good agreement with adsorption literature data. Moreover, they provide relevant information on the adsorption mechanism and show that entropic effects are predominant. | ["Millot B.", "Methivier A.", "Jobic H."] | ["57199330764", "6602986888", "56213312000"] | 1,998 | 70 | [] | 10.1021/jp980090i | Article | English | [{"id": "60006317", "name": "Inst. Francais du Petrole, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex, 1 et 4 av. de Bois-Préau, France", "fullName": "Inst. Francais du Petrole", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "92852 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex, 1 et 4 av. de Bois-Préau, France", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60008134", "name": "Inst. de Recherches sur la Catalyse, C.N.R.S., 69626 Villeurbanne, 2 av. A. Einstein, France", "fullName": "Inst. de Recherches sur la Catalyse, C.N.R.S.", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "69626 Villeurbanne, 2 av. A. Einstein, France", "departmentId": null}] |
677 | 38,421 | Fabrication of nanostructures on silicon surfaces on wafer scale by controlling self-organization processes | Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures | We describe a novel route for future Si integration technology in which atomically controlled nanostructures are designed to the level of full wafers, based on self-organization processes. As an example of the scenario, we present a Ge quantum dot network where individual dots interact with the neighboring dots through tunneling barriers, Schottky junctions, and so on. Ge dots are patterned on Si(111) surfaces by preferential nucleation of Ge islands at atomic steps and boundaries between reconstructed domains. It is then demonstrated that atomic step arrangement can be designed by patterning assisted control; this means that Ge quantum dot network can also be designed. Selective oxidation and silicidation in the Si/Ge systems are effectively utilized to form semiconductor/ insulator/metal nanostructures from well-ordered semiconductor structures. Based on the above processes, we propose a new approach to design nanostructure integration organized on wafer scale. © 1996 American Vacuum Society. | ["Ogino T.", "Hibino H.", "Prabhakaran K."] | ["35467176300", "7007020870", "56247718700"] | 1,996 | 25 | [] | 10.1116/1.588606 | Article | English | [{"id": "60025555", "name": "NTT Basic Research Laboratories, Atsugi-Shi, Kanagawa 243-01, 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Japan", "fullName": "NTT Basic Research Laboratories", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Atsugi-Shi, Kanagawa 243-01, 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Japan", "departmentId": null}] |
678 | 38,518 | A multiplicity result for periodic solutions of forced nonlinear second order ordinary differential equations | Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society | null | ["Fabry C.", "Mawhin J.", "Nkashama M.N."] | ["6701362698", "6701831021", "6508209888"] | 1,986 | 102 | [] | 10.1112/blms/18.2.173 | Article | English | [{"id": "60000874", "name": "Université de Louvain, Institut Mathématique, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Chemin du Cyclotron, 2, Belgium", "fullName": "Université de Louvain, Institut Mathématique", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Chemin du Cyclotron, 2, Belgium", "departmentId": "103082110"}] |
679 | 38,686 | Raman Frequency Shifts for Ammonia Solid I Near the Melting Point | Journal of Physical Chemistry A | We have performed in this study the calculation of the Raman frequencies for two translational modes and one librational mode in the ammonia solid I near the melting point. We have obtained the Raman frequencies as a function of temperature for some fixed pressure by means of the Grüneisen relation using the volume data from the literature. Our calculated Raman frequencies can be compared with experimental data available in the literature. | ["Yurtseven H."] | ["9334413200"] | 1,999 | 16 | [] | 10.1021/jp9901951 | Article | English | [{"id": "60022002", "name": "Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey", "fullName": "Department of Physics, Istanbul Technical University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey", "departmentId": "110185396"}] |
680 | 38,754 | Accuracy of judgmental forecasts: A comparison | Omega | This study compares the performance of judgmental and statistical forecasts, as well as the judgmental revision of statistically derived forecasts, for artificial time series with a number of controlled characteristics. Judgment is found to produce inferior and more biased forecasts overall. However, results suggest that judgmental revision may have a benefit for some low noise series, particularly when statistical techniques are applied "blindly" to the time series. © 1992. | ["Sanders N."] | ["57225411503"] | 1,992 | 0 | ["forecast bias", "forecasting accuracy", "judgmental forecasting", "judgmental revision"] | 10.1016/0305-0483(92)90040-E | Article | English | [{"id": "60018306", "name": "Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States", "fullName": "Wright State University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Dayton, OH, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
681 | 38,784 | Precoloring extension. I. Interval graphs | Discrete Mathematics | This paper is the first article in a series devoted to the study of the following general problem on vertex colorings of graphs. Suppose that some vertices of a graph G are assigned to some colors. Can this 'precoloring' be extended to a proper coloring of G with at most k colors (for some given k)? This question was motivated by practical problems in scheduling and VLSI theory. Here we investigate its complexity status for interval graphs and for graphs with a bounded treewidth. © 1992. | ["Biró M.", "Hujter M.", "Tuza Zs."] | ["14033940800", "55957226800", "35616671500"] | 1,992 | 113 | [] | 10.1016/0012-365X(92)90646-W | Article | English | [{"id": "60024855", "name": "Hungary", "fullName": null, "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Hungary", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60011719", "name": "Institute of Mathematics, University of Miskolc, Miskolc -Egyetemváros, H-3515, Hungary", "fullName": "Institute of Mathematics, University of Miskolc", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Miskolc -Egyetemváros, H-3515, Hungary", "departmentId": "103626321"}, {"id": "60024855", "name": "Hungary", "fullName": null, "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "Hungary", "departmentId": null}] |
682 | 38,794 | Locally optimal block quantizer design | Information and Control | Several properties are developed for a recently proposed algorithm for the design of block quantizers based either on a probabilistic source model or on a long training sequence of data. Conditions on the source and general distortion measures under which the algorithm is well defined and converges to a local minimum are provided. A variation of the ergodic theorem is used to show that if the source is block stationary and ergodic, then in the limit as n → ∝, the algorithm run on a sample distribution of a training sequence of length n will produce the same result as if the algorithm were run on the "true" underlying distribution. © 1980 Academic Press, Inc. | ["Gray R.M.", "Kieffer J.C.", "Linde Y."] | ["7403690269", "7101895073", "6603567494"] | 1,980 | 80 | [] | 10.1016/S0019-9958(80)90313-7 | Article | English | [{"id": "60012708", "name": "Information Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, Califnornia 94305, United States", "fullName": "Information Systems Laboratory, Stanford University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Stanford, Califnornia 94305, United States", "departmentId": "103673020"}, {"id": "60024728", "name": "Department of Mathematics, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65401, United States", "fullName": "Department of Mathematics, University of Missouri-Rolla", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Rolla, MO 65401, United States", "departmentId": "104247382"}, {"id": "60024590", "name": "Codex Corporation, Mansfield, MA 01108, United States", "fullName": "Codex Corporation", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "Mansfield, MA 01108, United States", "departmentId": "106860844"}] |
683 | 38,828 | Mechanics near a jamming transition : A minimalist model | Faraday Discussions | Concentrated suspensions of soft particles exhibit a pasty-like mechanical behaviour due to the jamming of the particles. In particular these solutions display a yield stress and typically exhibit very non-linear mechanical responses. Here, we introduce a very naive mode-coupling model that describes in a mean-field way the mechanics of such systems close to the jamming transition. Despite its simplicity this model correctly reproduces many features characteristic of real systems, in particular, non-linear features of the apparent viscoelastic modulus. It is also shown that, as linear response theory can not be applied, different mechanical tests provide different information. Moreover our model is a helpful tool to understand, in terms of trajectories in phase space, the origin of the observed non-linearities, which are essentially of two types. | ["Derec C.", "Ajdari A.", "Lequeux F."] | ["57212558482", "7005526218", "7003353342"] | 1,999 | 12 | [] | 10.1039/a809307e | Article | English | [{"id": "60029398", "name": "Lab. de Phys.-Chim. Théorique, ESA CNRS 7083, E.S.P.C.I., Paris, Cedex 5, 10 rue Vauquelin, France", "fullName": "Lab. de Phys.-Chim. Théorique, ESA CNRS 7083, E.S.P.C.I.", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Paris, Cedex 5, 10 rue Vauquelin, France", "departmentId": "104528166"}, {"id": "60105747", "name": "Lab. de Phys.-Chim. Macromoleculaire, U.M.R. CNRS 7615, E.S.P.C.I., Paris, Cedex 5, 10 rue Vauquelin, France", "fullName": "Lab. de Phys.-Chim. Macromoleculaire, U.M.R. CNRS 7615, E.S.P.C.I.", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Paris, Cedex 5, 10 rue Vauquelin, France", "departmentId": "116079769"}] |
684 | 38,881 | Interval valued fuzzy sets based on normal forms | Fuzzy Sets and Systems | Interval valued fuzzy sets are proposed for the representation of combined concepts based on normal forms where linguistic connectives as well as variables are assumed to be fuzzy. It is shown that the proposed representation (1) exists for certain families of the conjugate pairs of t-norms and t-conorms; and (2) resolves some of the difficulties associated with particular interpretations of conjunction, disjuntion, and implication in fuzzy set theories. © 1986. | ["Turksen I.B."] | ["7006717125"] | 1,986 | 713 | ["Interpretation of connectives", "Interval valued fuzzy sets", "Normal forms", "t-conorms", "t-norms"] | 10.1016/0165-0114(86)90077-1 | Article | English | [{"id": "60016849", "name": "Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. M5S 1A4, Canada", "fullName": "Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Toronto, Ont. M5S 1A4, Canada", "departmentId": "105252255"}] |
685 | 38,913 | Comments on the geometry of the conical space-time | Modern Physics Letters A | We consider the conical space-time generated by a cosmic string and compute its Riemannian curvature by analyzing the geometry of a foliation t = const, z = const. We show that the problem is then reduced to the calculation of the Gaussian curvature K of a bidimensional cone. Through two simple geometrical examples we give a prescription for obtaining K. | ["Tavares D.M.", "Romero C."] | ["14014511700", "7202170138"] | 1,998 | 4 | [] | 10.1142/S0217732398002199 | Article | English | [{"id": "60011324", "name": "Departamento de Física, Univ. Federal da Paraíba, 58059-970 J. Pessoa - PB, C. Postal 5008, Brazil", "fullName": "Departamento de Física, Univ. Federal da Paraíba", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "58059-970 J. Pessoa - PB, C. Postal 5008, Brazil", "departmentId": "103607042"}] |
686 | 38,993 | Fast and accurate motion estimation using orientation tensors and parametric motion models | Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition | Motion estimation in image sequences is an important step in many computer vision and image processing applications. Several methods for solving this problem have been proposed, but very few manage to achieve a high level of accuracy without sacrificing processing speed. This paper presents a novel motion estimation algorithm, which gives excellent results on both counts. The algorithm starts by computing 3D orientation tensors from the image sequence. These are combined under the constraints of a parametric motion model to produce velocity estimates. Evaluated on the well-known Yosemite sequence, the algorithm shows an accuracy which is substantially better than for previously published methods. Computationally the algorithm is simple and can be implemented by means of separable convolutions, which also makes it fast. © 2000 IEEE. | ["Farnebäck G."] | ["56628974700"] | 2,000 | 116 | [] | null | Article | English | [{"id": "60009358", "name": "Computer Vision Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden", "fullName": "Computer Vision Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Linköping University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden", "departmentId": "112992531"}] |
687 | 39,071 | Linear parabolic maps on the torus | Physics Letters, Section A: General, Atomic and Solid State Physics | We investigate linear parabolic maps on the torus. In a generic case these maps are non-invertible and discontinuous. Although the metric entropy of these systems is equal to zero, their dynamics is non-trivial due to folding of the image of the unit square into the torus. We study the structure of the maximal invariant set, and in a generic case we prove the sensitive dependence on the initial conditions. We study the decay of correlations and the diffusion in the corresponding system on the plane. We also demonstrate how the rationality of the real numbers defining the map influences the dynamical properties of the system. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. | ["Zyczkowski K.", "Nishikawa T."] | ["7004971875", "35956711600"] | 1,999 | 8 | ["Decay of correlations", "Diffusion", "Parabolic maps on the torus", "Sensitive dependence on initial conditions"] | 10.1016/S0375-9601(99)00465-X | Article | English | [{"id": "60020304", "name": "Institute for Plasma Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States", "fullName": "Institute for Plasma Research, University of Maryland", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "College Park, MD 20742, United States", "departmentId": "104027111"}, {"id": "60021361", "name": "Instytut Fizyki im. Smoluchowskiego, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, 30-059 Kraków, ul. Reymonta 4, Poland", "fullName": "Instytut Fizyki im. Smoluchowskiego, Uniwersytet Jagielloński", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "30-059 Kraków, ul. Reymonta 4, Poland", "departmentId": "108582522"}] |
688 | 39,179 | Local charge versus Aharonov-Bohm charge | Physics Letters B | We introduce a new definition of local charge Q, supplementing with a frequency cutoff the existing definition for spatial dimension D = 1. In systems with an energy gap, Q is a sharp, if medium-dependent, quantum observable for any D. The charge of a particle measured by the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect is also sharp, but medium-independent. Inside a superconductor the Q of a quasiparticle is zero, while the AB charge is an odd multiple of e. © 1991. | ["Goldhaber A.S.", "Kivelson S.A."] | ["6603925203", "7005172649"] | 1,991 | 20 | [] | 10.1016/0370-2693(91)90792-O | Article | English | [{"id": "60026415", "name": "Institute for Theoretical Physics, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3840, United States", "fullName": "Institute for Theoretical Physics, State University of New York", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Stony Brook, NY 11794-3840, United States", "departmentId": "104339049"}, {"id": "60027550", "name": "Department of Physics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States", "fullName": "Department of Physics, University of California at Los Angeles", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States", "departmentId": "100252034"}] |
689 | 39,235 | Trivalent Boron as acceptor chromophore in asymmetrically substituted 4,4′-biphenyl and azobenzene for non-linear optics | Journal of Materials Chemistry | 4′-(Dimethylamino)biphenyl-4-yl]dimesitylborane (BNB) and [4′-(dimethylamino)phenylazophenyl-4-yl]dimesitylborane (BNA) have been prepared and studied by a solvatochromic technique. The high second-order hyperpolarisability coefficients β<sub>CT</sub> determined by this technique, 37 and 240 × 10<sup>-30</sup> esu,† respectively, show that this new family of materials is of interest for non-linear optics. | ["Lequan M.", "Lequan R.M.", "Ching K.C."] | ["6602083385", "6603459162", "7004844016"] | 1,991 | 95 | ["Boron", "Non-linear optical material", "Solvatochromic technique"] | 10.1039/JM9910100997 | Review | English | [{"id": "60008134", "name": "Laboratoire de Chimie et d'Electrochimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielle de Paris, CNRS UA 429, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, 10 Rue Vauquelin, France", "fullName": "Laboratoire de Chimie et d'Electrochimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielle de Paris, CNRS UA 429", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "75231 Paris, Cedex 05, 10 Rue Vauquelin, France", "departmentId": null}] |
690 | 39,264 | Torsion and Ricci tensor for non-linear connections | Differential Geometry and its Applications | We study a natural generalization of the concepts of torsion and Ricci tensor for a non- linear connection on a fibred manifold, with respect to a given fibred soldering form. Our results are achieved by means of the differentials and codifferentials induced by the Frölicher-Nijenhuis graded Lie algebra of tangent valued forms. © 1991. | ["Modugno M."] | ["7004280877"] | 1,991 | 18 | ["Frölicher-Nijenhuis algebra of tangent valued forms", "Non-linear connections", "Ricci tensor", "torsion"] | 10.1016/0926-2245(91)90030-D | Article | English | [{"id": "100367522", "name": "Dipartimento di Matematica Applicata G. Sansone, 50139 Florence, Via S. Marta 3, Italy", "fullName": "Dipartimento di Matematica Applicata G. Sansone", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "50139 Florence, Via S. Marta 3, Italy", "departmentId": null}] |
691 | 39,304 | Homotopical localizations of spaces | American Journal of Mathematics | For a map f of spaces. Dror Farjoun and the author have constructed an f-localization functor, where a space Y is called f-local when map(f, Y) is an equivalence. This very general construction gives all known idempotent homotopy functors of spaces. The main theorem of this paper shows that f-localization functors always preserve fiber sequences of connected H-spaces up to small error terms. For instance, the localization with respect to the nth Morava K-theory preserves such fiber sequences up to error terms with at most three nontrivial homotopy groups. This implies, for example, that a K(1)-homology equivalence of H-spaces must induce an isomorphism of v<sub>1</sub>-periodic homotopy groups. Results are also obtained on the A-nullification or A-periodization functors, which are just the f-localization functors for the maps f from spaces A to points. Two spaces are said to have the same nullity when they give the same nullification functors, and it is shown that arbitrary sets of nullity classes have both least upper bounds and greatest lower bounds. The A-nullifications of nilpotent Postnikov spaces are completely determined. | ["Bousfield A.K."] | ["6603468241"] | 1,997 | 38 | [] | 10.1353/ajm.1997.0036 | Article | English | [{"id": "60027561", "name": "Dept. Math., Stat., and Comp. Sci., University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States", "fullName": "Dept. Math., Stat., and Comp. Sci., University of Illinois at Chicago", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Chicago, IL 60607, United States", "departmentId": "104399087"}] |
692 | 39,312 | Charge shielding and quark confinement in the massive schwinger model | Annals of Physics | The Schwinger model is quantum electrodynamics with massless fermions in two dimensions. It is known that the asymptotic states of the theory contain no states corresponding to free fermions ("quark trapping") and that local charge conservation is spontaneously broken ("Higgs phenomenon"). We investigate to what extent these phenomena persist when the fermion is given a bare mass. We find quark trapping but no Higgs phenomenon. The second of these results is dependent on mass perturbation theory; the first is not. © 1975. | ["Coleman S.", "Jackiw R.", "Susskind L."] | ["16519236400", "55017964400", "7004442944"] | 1,975 | 432 | [] | 10.1016/0003-4916(75)90212-2 | Article | English | [{"id": "60009982", "name": "Lyman Laboratory of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States", "fullName": "Lyman Laboratory of Physics, Harvard University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Cambridge, MA 02138, United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60022195", "name": "Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States", "fullName": "Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Cambridge, MA 02139, United States", "departmentId": "105260249"}, {"id": "60028510", "name": "Belfer Graduate School of Science, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10033, United States", "fullName": "Belfer Graduate School of Science, Yeshiva University", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "New York, NY 10033, United States", "departmentId": "104444883"}, {"id": "60005681", "name": "Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel", "fullName": "Tel Aviv University", "reference": "d", "fullAddress": "Tel Aviv, Israel", "departmentId": null}] |
693 | 39,343 | Convergence of methods for nonlinear eigenvalue problems | AIAA Journal | null | ["Bäck P.", "Ringertz U."] | ["57215634991", "6602705842"] | 1,997 | 19 | [] | 10.2514/2.200 | Article | English | [{"id": "60002014", "name": "Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden", "fullName": "Royal Institute of Technology", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden", "departmentId": null}, {"id": null, "name": "Department of Aeronautics, Sweden", "fullName": "Department of Aeronautics", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Sweden", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60010401", "name": "AIAA, United States", "fullName": "AIAA", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "United States", "departmentId": null}] |
694 | 39,381 | On The Cost Of Data Analysis | Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics | A regression analysis usually consists of several stages, such as variable selection, transformation and residual diagnosis. Inference is often made from the selected model without regard to the model selection methods that preceeded it. This can result in overoptimistic and biased inferences. We first characterize data-analytic actions as functions acting on regression models. We investigate the extent of the problem and test bootstrap, jackknife, and sample-splitting methods for ameliorating it. We also demonstrate an interactive LISP-STAT system for assessing the cost of the data analysis while it is taking place. © 1992 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. | ["Faraway J.J."] | ["6701775273"] | 1,992 | 49 | ["Bootstrap", "Data splitting", "Jackknife", "Model selection", "Regression analysis"] | 10.1080/10618600.1992.10474582 | Article | English | [{"id": "60025778", "name": "Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States", "fullName": "Department of Statistics, University of Michigan", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States", "departmentId": "108928896"}] |
695 | 39,718 | Cross-section structure of cylindrical and polymer-like micelles from small-angle scattering data. 2. Experimental results | Langmuir | We report a small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) study of the cross-section structure of polymer-like lecithin reverse micelles in deuterated cyclohexane. We demonstrate that the application of the indirect Fourier transformation and square-root deconvolution methods to data from SANS measurements with cylindrical polymer-like micelles allows for a direct verification of the previously postulated geometrical model of flexible tubular structures with a well defined water core and a surfactant shell. By combining contrast variation experiments and data analysis performed on an absolute scale, we quantitatively deduce information on properties such as the extension of the aqueous core and the degree of water penetration into the headgroup and solvent penetration into the tail region. | ["Schurtenberger P.", "Jerke G.", "Cavaco C.", "Pedersen J.S."] | ["7004874512", "6602262141", "6602412426", "7401515533"] | 1,996 | 51 | [] | 10.1021/la9507444 | Article | English | [{"id": "60025858", "name": "Institut für Polymere, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland", "fullName": "Institut für Polymere, ETH Zürich", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland", "departmentId": "104313719"}, {"id": "60011373", "name": "Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark", "fullName": "Department of Solid State Physics, Risø National Laboratory", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark", "departmentId": "114701146"}, {"id": "60022331", "name": "ITN, Physics Department, E.N. 10, 2685 Sacavem, Portugal", "fullName": "ITN, Physics Department, E.N. 10", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "2685 Sacavem, Portugal", "departmentId": "104141485"}] |
696 | 39,822 | Unbiased Estimation of a Nonlinear Function of a Normal Mean with Application to Measurement Error Models | Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods | Let W be a normal random variable with mean μ and known variance (a<sup>2</sup> Conditions on the function f(.) are given under which there exists an unbiased estimator, f(W), of f(μ) for all real μ. In particular it is shown that f(.) must be an entire function over the complex plane. Infinite series solutions for f(-) are obtained which are shown to be valid under growth conditions of the derivatives, f<sup>(k)</sup> (.), of f(.). Approximate solutions are given for the cases in which no exact solution exists. The theory is applied to nonlinear measurement-error models as a means of finding unbiased score functions when measurement error is normally distributed. Relative efficiencies comparing the proposed method to the use of conditional scores (Stefanski and Carroll, 1987) are given for the Poisson regression model with canonical link. © 1989 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved. | ["Stefanski L.A."] | ["57204344710"] | 1,989 | 109 | ["errors-in-variables", "functional models", "generalized linear model", "M-estimation", "measurement error", "structural models", "unbiased estimation"] | 10.1080/03610928908830159 | Article | English | [{"id": "60004923", "name": "Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8203, United States", "fullName": "Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Raleigh, NC 27695-8203, United States", "departmentId": "109833092"}] |
697 | 39,861 | The Conjugate Gradient Method for Optimal Control Problems | IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control | This paper extends the conjugate gradient minimization method of Fletcher and Reeves to optimal control problems. The technique is directly applicable only to unconstrained problems; if terminal conditions and inequality constraints are present, the problem must be converted to an unconstrained form; e.g., by penalty functions. Only the gradient trajectory, its norm, and one additional trajectory, the actual direction of search, need be stored. These search directions are generated from past and present values of the objective and its gradient. Successive points are determined by linear minimization down these directions, which are always directions of descent. Thus, the method tends to converge, even from poor approximations to the minimum. Since, near its minimum, a general nonlinear problem can be approximated by one with a linear system and quadratic objective, the rate of convergence is studied by considering this case. Here, the directions of search are conjugate and hence the objective is minimized over an expanding sequence of sets. Also, the distance from the current point to the miminum is reduced at each step. Three examples are presented to compare the method with the method of steepest descent. Convergence of the proposed method is much more rapid in all cases. A comparison with a second variational technique is also given in Example 3. Copyright © 1967 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. | ["Lasdon L.S.", "Mitter S.K.", "Waren A.D."] | ["35280131500", "7005289085", "6701925521"] | 1,967 | 254 | [] | 10.1109/TAC.1967.1098538 | Article | English | [{"id": "60000305", "name": "Division of Organizational Sciences, Operations Research Group and Systems Research Center, Case Institute of Technology, Cleveland, Ohio, United States", "fullName": "Division of Organizational Sciences, Operations Research Group and Systems Research Center, Case Institute of Technology", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Cleveland, Ohio, United States", "departmentId": "115437424"}, {"id": "60000305", "name": "Engineering Division and Systems Research Center, Case Institute of Technology, Cleveland, Ohio, United States", "fullName": "Engineering Division and Systems Research Center, Case Institute of Technology", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Cleveland, Ohio, United States", "departmentId": "103053951"}, {"id": "60004154", "name": "Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Fenn College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States", "fullName": "Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Fenn College of Engineering, Cleveland State University", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "Cleveland, Ohio, United States", "departmentId": "103257045"}] |
698 | 39,878 | Amorphous bisphenol-A based poly(arylene ether) modified cyanate ester networks | High Performance Polymers | null | ["Srinivasan S.A.", "McGrath J.E."] | ["7402912113", "35450138200"] | 1,993 | 29 | [] | 10.1088/0954-0083/5/4/001 | Article | English | [{"id": "60013346", "name": "Dept. of Chem. and Natl. Sci. Found. Sci. and Technol., Ctr.: High Perf. Polymeric Adhesives and Compos., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0212, United States", "fullName": "Dept. of Chem. and Natl. Sci. Found. Sci. and Technol., Ctr.: High Perf. Polymeric Adhesives and Compos., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Blacksburg, VA 24061-0212, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
699 | 39,931 | On the Construction of Comma-Free Codes | IEEE Transactions on Information Theory | A construction is given which produces maximal (in number of words) comma-free codes for any odd word length n and any alphabet size σ. © 1965, IEEE. All rights reserved. | ["Eastman W.L."] | ["6603920664"] | 1,965 | 45 | [] | 10.1109/TIT.1965.1053766 | Letter | English | [{"id": "60006168", "name": "Sperry Rand Research Center, Budbury, Mass., United States", "fullName": "Sperry Rand Research Center", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Budbury, Mass., United States", "departmentId": "107433472"}] |
700 | 39,981 | Optimum signal-processing for pulse-amplitude spectrometry in the presence of high-rate effects and noise | IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science | In this paper the idea of a general signal processing system which should satisfy various pulse rate and noise requirements is explored. Optimum processing functions (weighting functions) are considered for an ideal system, and for real conditions where effects like imperfect pole-zero cancellation are present. Time-variant filters of the gain-varying class are used to realize the required optimum weighting functions of finite width. It is shown how nonfinite-width weighting functions of some time-invariant filters can be modified into finite-width functions by switching. These switched-gain time-variant filters are somewhat limited in choice of weighting functions. A general processing system can be realized employing filters with continuously time-variant elements. In particular, a gain-varying element (i.e., an analog multiplier) can be used in conjunction with an integrator to realize arbitrary weighting functions, and therefore the theoretically maximum signal-to-noise ratio. The system is time-variant only for the noise and not for the signal, so that it does not require high precision of the time-variant element. The system output is independent of the gating interval, and does not require precise timing. A method for evaluation of such systems in terms of noise, ballistic deficit and sensitivity to parameter variations is given. Copyright © 1968 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. | ["Radeka V."] | ["56230641400"] | 1,968 | 79 | [] | 10.1109/TNS.1968.4324970 | Article | English | [{"id": "60006221", "name": "Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, United States", "fullName": "Brookhaven National Laboratory", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Upton, New York, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
701 | 40,025 | Nuclear rotation and the random-phase approximation | Annals of Physics | The paper begins with a review of the extraction of the rotational energy and corresponding collective coordinate within the formalism of the random-phase approximation (RPA) for a two-dimensional deformed "nucleus." An intrinsic difficulty is observed: The random-phase approximation to the angular-momentum operator appears to have a continuous rather than discrete spectrum. Correspondingly, the RPA Hamiltonian has a continuum of unnormalizable eigenstates. One of the main results of the paper is a diagnosis of the origin of this difficulty and a method to deal with it. It then becomes possible to calculate matrix elements of static and transition operators, and illustrative examples are given. Similar difficulties are also encountered in mechanical small-oscillation theory; simple examples are used to illustrate and motivate the procedures applied to the nuclear RPA problem. In the latter connection, the recent general formulation of rotational motion due to Villars is used as a convenient formal framework. Next, the relation between the RPA and the self-consistent cranking (constrained Hartree-Fock) model is simply exhibited, and subsequently it is shown that Kelson's "external consistency criterion" is fulfilled up to terms that are of the order of corrections to the RPA itself. © 1969. | ["Marshalek E.R.", "Weneser J."] | ["6602723568", "6602436668"] | 1,969 | 98 | [] | 10.1016/0003-4916(69)90037-2 | Article | English | [{"id": "60021508", "name": "Department of Physics University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States", "fullName": "Department of Physics University of Notre Dame", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60029842", "name": "Department of Physics Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States", "fullName": "Department of Physics Brookhaven National Laboratory", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Upton, NY 11973, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.