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802 | 45,893 | The decorated Teichmüller space of punctured surfaces | Communications in Mathematical Physics | A principal ℝ<sub>+</sub><sup>5</sup>-bundle over the usual Teichmüller space of an s times punctured surface is introduced. The bundle is mapping class group equivariant and admits an invariant foliation. Several coordinatizations of the total space of the bundle are developed. There is furthermore a natural cell-decomposition of the bundle. Finally, we compute the coordinate action of the mapping class group on the total space; the total space is found to have a rich (equivariant) geometric structure. We sketch some connections with arithmetic groups, diophantine approximations, and certain problems in plane euclidean geometry. Furthermore, these investigations lead to an explicit scheme of integration over the moduli spaces, and to the construction of a "universal Teichmüller space," which we hope will provide a formalism for understanding some connections between the Teichmüller theory, the KP hierarchy and the Virasoro algebra. These latter applications are pursued elsewhere. © 1987 Springer-Verlag. | ["Penner R.C."] | ["7103238391"] | 1,987 | 246 | [] | 10.1007/BF01223515 | Article | English | [{"id": "60029311", "name": "Math Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, CA, United States", "fullName": "Math Department, University of Southern California", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Los Angeles, 90089, CA, United States", "departmentId": "104483166"}] |
803 | 45,918 | The union of convex polyhedra in three dimensions | SIAM Journal on Computing | We show that the number of vertices, edges, and faces of the union of k convex polyhedra in 3-space, having a total of n faces, is O(k<sup>3</sup> + kn log k). This bound is almost tight in the worst case, as there exist collections of polyhedra with Ω(k<sup>3</sup> + knα(k)) union complexity. We also describe a rather simple randomized incremental algorithm for computing the boundary of the union in O(k<sup>3</sup> + kn log k log n) expected time. | ["Aronov B.", "Sharir M.", "Tagansky B."] | ["7005238392", "7102671352", "7801353939"] | 1,997 | 49 | ["Combinatorial complexity", "Combinatorial geometry", "Computational geometry", "Convex polyhedra", "Geometric algorithms", "Randomized algorithms"] | 10.1137/S0097539793250755 | Article | English | [{"id": "60108318", "name": "Dept. of Comp. and Info. Science, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States", "fullName": "Dept. of Comp. and Info. Science, Polytechnic University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Brooklyn, NY 11201, United States", "departmentId": "118600042"}, {"id": "60005681", "name": "School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel", "fullName": "School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel Aviv University", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel", "departmentId": "113159396"}, {"id": "60021784", "name": "Courant Inst. of Math. Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012, United States", "fullName": "Courant Inst. of Math. Sciences, New York University", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "New York, NY 10012, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
804 | 45,939 | Optimizing block size in motion-compensated video coding | Journal of Electronic Imaging | Despite the widespread experience with block-based video coders, there is little analysis or theory that quantitatively explains the effect of block size on encoding bit rate, and ordinarily the block size for a coder is chosen based on empirical experiments on video sequences of interest. In this work, we derive a procedure to determine the optimal block size that minimizes the encoding rate for a typical block-based video coder. To do this, we analytically model the effect of block size and derive expressions for the encoding rates for both motion vectors and difference frames as functions of block size. Minimizing these expressions leads to a simple formula that indicates how to choose the block size in these types of coders. This formula also shows that the best block size is a function of the accuracy with which the motion vectors are encoded and several parameters related to key characteristics of the video scene, such as image texture, motion activity, interframe noise, and coding distortion. We implement the video coder and use our analysis to optimize and explain its performance on real video frames. © 1998 SPIE and IS&T. | ["Ribas-Corbera J.", "Neuhoff D.L."] | ["6701818118", "7005815841"] | 1,998 | 20 | [] | 10.1117/1.482636 | Article | English | [{"id": "60009772", "name": "Sharp Laboratories of America, Digital Video Department, Camas, WA 98607, 5750 Northwest Pacific Rim Boulevard, United States", "fullName": "Sharp Laboratories of America, Digital Video Department", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Camas, WA 98607, 5750 Northwest Pacific Rim Boulevard, United States", "departmentId": "103531319"}, {"id": "60025778", "name": "University of Michigan, Elec. Eng. and Comp. Sci. Department, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, 1301 Beal Avenue, United States", "fullName": "University of Michigan, Elec. Eng. and Comp. Sci. Department", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Ann Arbor, MI 48109, 1301 Beal Avenue, United States", "departmentId": "104308696"}, {"id": "101980117", "name": "Escola d' Enginyeria La Salle, Barcelona, Spain", "fullName": "Escola d' Enginyeria La Salle", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "Barcelona, Spain", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60007278", "name": "University of California, Irvine, CA, United States", "fullName": "University of California", "reference": "d", "fullAddress": "Irvine, CA, United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60025778", "name": "University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States", "fullName": "University of Michigan", "reference": "e", "fullAddress": "Ann Arbor, MI, United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60009772", "name": "Digital Video Department, Sharp Labs. of America, Camas, WA, United States", "fullName": "Digital Video Department, Sharp Labs. of America", "reference": "f", "fullAddress": "Camas, WA, United States", "departmentId": "103531319"}, {"id": "60025555", "name": "Advanced Video Processing Laboratory, NTT Human Interface Labs., Yokosuka, Japan", "fullName": "Advanced Video Processing Laboratory, NTT Human Interface Labs.", "reference": "g", "fullAddress": "Yokosuka, Japan", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60021378", "name": "Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, United States", "fullName": "Bell Laboratories", "reference": "h", "fullAddress": "Murray Hill, NJ, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
805 | 46,042 | Changing TiN film morphology by "plasma biasing" | Journal of Applied Physics | The influence of the substrate potential with respect to the plasma on the morphology of reactively sputlered TiN thin films on Si(100) has been investigated. It is well known that the film quality with respect to grain size and distribution can be improved by applying a negative substrate bias to increase energetic ion bombardment. For large-area applications, however, a grounded substrate is very much desirable. Therefore, a technique has been developed to deposit films with comparably improved morphology on grounded substrates by means of a so-called "plasma electrode." Grain size and distribution have been analyzed by top- and side-view scanning electron microscopy. To adjust the parameters for the TiN deposition we have used in situ photoelectron spectroscopy as the process control. © 1999 American Institute of Physics. | ["Geng J.", "Schüler A.", "Oelhafen P.", "Gantenbein P.", "Düggelin M.", "Mathys D.", "Guggenheim R."] | ["7102538923", "7005367281", "57204296589", "56505324300", "6603567014", "6603174047", "7003493164"] | 1,999 | 10 | [] | 10.1063/1.371229 | Article | English | [{"id": "60023588", "name": "Institut für Physik, Universität Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Switzerland", "fullName": "Institut für Physik, Universität Basel", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "CH-4056 Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Switzerland", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "100452679", "name": "SPF-ITR, CH-8640 Rapperswil, Oberseestrasse 10, Switzerland", "fullName": "SPF-ITR", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "CH-8640 Rapperswil, Oberseestrasse 10, Switzerland", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60023588", "name": "SEM Laboratory, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, Switzerland", "fullName": "SEM Laboratory, University of Basel", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "CH-4056 Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, Switzerland", "departmentId": "104194901"}] |
806 | 46,054 | Identifying Mislabeled Training Data | Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research | This paper presents a new approach to identifying and eliminating mislabeled training instances for supervised learning. The goal of this approach is to improve classification accuracies produced by learning algorithms by improving the quality of the training data. Our approach uses a set of learning algorithms to create classifiers that serve as noise filters for the training data. We evaluate single algorithm, majority vote and consensus filters on five datasets that are prone to labeling errors. Our experiments illustrate that filtering significantly improves classification accuracy for noise levels up to 30%. An analytical and empirical evaluation of the precision of our approach shows that consensus filters are conservative at throwing away good data at the expense of retaining bad data and that majority filters are better at detecting bad data at the expense of throwing away good data. This suggests that for situations in which there is a paucity of data, consensus filters are preferable, whereas majority vote filters are preferable for situations with an abundance of data. | ["Brodley C.E.", "Friedl M.A."] | ["6701661814", "7007018426"] | 1,999 | 586 | [] | 10.1613/jair.606 | Article | English | [{"id": "60009254", "name": "Sch. of Elec. and Comp. Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 49707, United States", "fullName": "Sch. of Elec. and Comp. Engineering, Purdue University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "West Lafayette, IN 49707, United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60019674", "name": "Department of Geography, Center for Remote Sensing, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, United States", "fullName": "Department of Geography, Center for Remote Sensing, Boston University", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Boston, MA 02215, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, United States", "departmentId": "100263380"}] |
807 | 46,066 | String-generated gravity models with cubic curvature terms | Physics Letters B | We study solutions to the gravity models which are obtained in the low-energy limit of the bosonic string theory up to order α′<sup>2</sup> (cubic curvature terms). We show that these models have flat, de Sitter and anti-de Sitter spaces as solutions but the cosmological branches are unstable. We consider the static spherically symmetric solutions and discuss the effect of an explicit cosmological term on stability. © 1989. | ["Bento M.C.", "Bertolami O."] | ["7006645269", "56235017600"] | 1,989 | 24 | [] | 10.1016/0370-2693(89)91557-8 | Article | English | [{"id": "60016908", "name": "Institut für Theoretische Physik der Universität Heidelberg, D-6900 Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, Germany", "fullName": "Institut für Theoretische Physik der Universität Heidelberg", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "D-6900 Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, Germany", "departmentId": null}] |
808 | 46,084 | Description of a papillate tactile organ in the Typhlopidae | South African Journal of Zoology | In a unique spicemen of Rhinotyphtops, the rostrum supports approximately 250 elogate, flexible papillae. Each papilla consists of a tabular shaft and an expanded hair-like bulb weakly embedded in the epidermis. Immediately deep to the base of each papilla is a small cluster of neuronal cells and a vascular supply. Although this Rhinotyphtops is presumed to be fossorial, the morphology of thesse soft papilla suggest they function as mechanoreceptors. | ["Young B.A.", "Wallach V."] | ["7402192565", "6701897729"] | 1,998 | 7 | [] | 10.1080/02541858.1998.11448479 | Article | English | [{"id": "60009465", "name": "Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042, United States", "fullName": "Department of Biology, Lafayette College", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Easton, PA 18042, United States", "departmentId": "103517669"}, {"id": "60028628", "name": "Center for Vertebrate Studies, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States", "fullName": "Center for Vertebrate Studies, Department of Biology, Northeastern University", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Boston, MA 02115, United States", "departmentId": "110078086"}] |
809 | 46,142 | Gradients in the ab initio scalar zeroth-order regular approximation (ZORA) approach | Chemical Physics Letters | We discuss ways to obtain analytical gradients within the scalar zeroth-order regular approximation (ZORA) to the Dirac-Fock equation within an ab initio context. Simply employing the relativistic density within the non-relativistic gradient package is in error by 10<sup>-5</sup>. We introduce a new strictly atomic scheme which in addition to yielding exact gradients is also computationally inexpensive and avoids the gauge invariance problems that plague molecular ZORA approaches. We show that the total and orbital energies produced with the scaled version of this method are generally, i.e. except for very short interatomic distances, very close to the full molecular scaled ZORA results. Equilibrium geometries from full molecular scaled ZORA and strictly atomic ZORA are shown to be within 0.01 Å from Dirac-Fock. | ["Van Lenthe J.H.", "Faas S.", "Snijders J.G."] | ["7004483650", "6701583746", "7006424583"] | 2,000 | 66 | [] | 10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00832-0 | Article | English | [{"id": "60007989", "name": "Theoretical Chemistry Group, Debye Inst., Utrecht Univ., P., Utrecht, Netherlands", "fullName": "Theoretical Chemistry Group, Debye Inst., Utrecht Univ., P.", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Utrecht, Netherlands", "departmentId": "104772544"}, {"id": "60010023", "name": "Theoretical Chemistry, Mat. Sci. Ctr., Rijksuniv. G., Groningen, Netherlands", "fullName": "Theoretical Chemistry, Mat. Sci. Ctr., Rijksuniv. G.", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Groningen, Netherlands", "departmentId": "103548147"}] |
810 | 46,224 | Quench analysis of large superconducting magnets. Part I: model description | Cryogenics | In large superconducting magnets built using force-flow cooled conductors, such as those being designed for next generation fusion machines, the quench propagation is a three-dimensional phenomenon. In this paper we develop a method for the analysis of quenches in 3-D which is extremely versatile and comprehensive. The method is based on the parallel solution of a set of 1-D problems represented by the helium flow, heat conduction and quench propagation along the conductor length. Transverse heat exchange among conductors is then explicitly inserted in the model, thus achieving the desired 3-D capability. In the model developed for the 1-D analysis we have foreseen the possibility of taking into account the thermal gradients in the cable cross-section, and the changes of magnetic field and operating current which are typical of a quench transient. © 1992. | ["Bottura L.", "Zienkiewicz O.C."] | ["7006777765", "7102382036"] | 1,992 | 52 | ["force-flow superconductors", "protection", "quench"] | 10.1016/0011-2275(92)90299-P | Article | English | [{"id": "60026838", "name": "Germany", "fullName": null, "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Germany", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60004572", "name": "Institute for Numerical Methods in Engineering, University College of Swansea, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom", "fullName": "Institute for Numerical Methods in Engineering, University College of Swansea", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom", "departmentId": "103271669"}] |
811 | 46,234 | Absenteeism and wages | Economics Letters | We show that for assembly-line type production processes a worker's wage is a sharply decreasing function of his probability of being absent: absenteeism causes firms to hire redundant workers. We also define the marginal product of assembly-line workers. © 1985. | ["Weiss A."] | ["55439615500"] | 1,985 | 19 | [] | 10.1016/0165-1765(85)90036-9 | Article | English | [{"id": "60023456", "name": "Bell Communications Research, Morristown, NJ 07960, United States", "fullName": "Bell Communications Research", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Morristown, NJ 07960, United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60030162", "name": "Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States", "fullName": "Columbia University", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "New York, NY 10027, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
812 | 46,287 | An application of KAM theorem of reversible systems | Science in China (Scientia Sinica) Series A | In this paper, using the KAM theorem of reversible systems, we obtain the boundedness of solutions, the existence of quasi-periodic solutions and subharmonic solutions for the non-linear differential equations of the second order which is neither conservative nor dissipative. © 1991. | ["Liu B."] | ["56809713900"] | 1,991 | 8 | ["boundedness of solutions", "KAM theorem", "quasi-periodic solution", "reversible system", "subharmonics"] | null | Article | English | [{"id": "60014966", "name": "Department of Mathematics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China", "fullName": "Department of Mathematics, Peking University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Beijing, 100871, China", "departmentId": "103769205"}] |
813 | 46,383 | On the best least squares approximation of continuous functions using linear splines with free knots | IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis | Approximations to continuous functions by linear splines can generally be greatly improved if the knot points are free variables. In this paper we address the problem of computing a best linear spline L<sub>2</sub>-approximant to a given continuous function on a given closed real interval with a fixed number of free knots.We describe an algorithm that is currently available and establish the theoretical basis for two new algorithms that we have developed and tested. We show that one of these new algorithms had good local convergence properties by comparison with the other techniques, though its convergence is quite slow. The second new algorithm is not so robust but is quicker and so is used to aid efficiency. A starting procedure based on a dynamic programming approach is introduced to give more reliable global convergence properties.We thus propose a hybrid algorithm which is both robust and reasonably efficient for this problem. © 1991 Oxford University Press. | ["Loach P.D.", "Wathen A.J."] | ["36511236500", "7003707187"] | 1,991 | 14 | [] | 10.1093/imanum/11.3.393 | Article | English | [{"id": "60020650", "name": "School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TW, United Kingdom", "fullName": "School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, University Walk", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Bristol BS8 1TW, United Kingdom", "departmentId": "104050344"}] |
814 | 46,406 | Microcell prediction in dense urban area | IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology | The use of microcell to increase the capacity of cellular mobile communication, especially in the dense urban areas, is an attractive possibility. A number of experimental and theoretical studies have been undertaken regarding propagation in the urban microcellular system. A microcell prediction model based on building thickness is developed to predict the statistical properties of the cell site. The model is validated based on several drive tests performed in different countries/cities with different transmitter heights, frequencies, cell-site parameters, and mobile environments. The first finding is that this empiricalbased microcell model performed well in all these areas with a combination of various parameters. Second, the terrain does have a major impact on microcell prediction. This paper addresses the sufficient requirement of having only a two-dimensional (2-D) microcell prediction model. The impact of terrain contour on the microcell prediction is not included in this paper and will be published later. © 1998 IEEE. | ["Lee W.C.Y.", "Lee D.J.Y."] | ["7407085969", "55658055134"] | 1,998 | 31 | ["Building", "Microcell", "Prediction", "Propagation", "Ray tracing", "Terrain"] | 10.1109/25.661051 | Article | English | [{"id": "60008652", "name": "AirTouch Communications, Inc., Walnut Creek, CA 94596, United States", "fullName": "AirTouch Communications, Inc.", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Walnut Creek, CA 94596, United States", "departmentId": "107578809"}] |
815 | 46,417 | O(3)-invariant tunneling in general relativity | Physics Letters B | We derived a general formula for the action for any O(3)-invariant tunneling processes in false vacuum decay in general relativity. The general classification of the bubble euclidean trajectories is elaborated and explicit expressions for bounces for some processes like the vacuum creation of a double bubble in particular in the vicinity of a black hole, the subbarrier creation of the Einstein-Rosen bridge, creation from nothing of two Minkowski worlds connected by a shell, etc., are given. © 1988. | ["Berezin V.A.", "Kuzmin V.A.", "Tkachev I.I."] | ["56208239000", "23982889700", "7003320970"] | 1,988 | 36 | [] | 10.1016/0370-2693(88)90672-7 | Article | English | [{"id": "60021331", "name": "Institute for Nuclear Research, the USSR Academy of Sciences, 117 312 Moscow, Russian Federation", "fullName": "Institute for Nuclear Research, the USSR Academy of Sciences", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "117 312 Moscow, Russian Federation", "departmentId": "105486709"}, {"id": "60017041", "name": "The Niels Bohr Institute, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark", "fullName": "The Niels Bohr Institute", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark", "departmentId": null}] |
816 | 46,438 | Transient oscillations in continuous-time excitatory ring neural networks with delay | Physical Review E - Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics | A ring neural network is a closed chain in which each unit is connected unidirectionally to the next one. Numerical investigations indicate that continuous-time excitatory ring networks composed of graded-response units can generate oscillations when interunit transmission is delayed. These oscillations appear for a wide range of initial conditions. The mechanisms underlying the generation of such patterns of activity are studied. The analysis of the asymptotic behavior of the system shows that (i) trajectories of most initial conditions tend to stable equilibria, (ii) undamped oscillations are unstable, and can only exist in a narrow region forming the boundary between the basins of attraction of the stable equilibria. Therefore the analysis of the asymptotic behavior of the system is not sufficient to explain the oscillations observed numerically when interunit transmission is delayed. This analysis corroborates the hypothesis that the oscillations are transient. In fact, it is shown that the transient behavior of the system with delay follows that of the corresponding discrete-time excitatory ring network. The latter displays infinitely many nonconstant periodic oscillations that transiently attract the trajectories of the network with delay, leading to long-lasting transient oscillations. The duration of these oscillations increases exponentially with the inverse of the characteristic charge-discharge time of the neurons, indicating that they can outlast observation windows in numerical investigations. Therefore, for practical applications, these transients cannot be distinguished from stationary oscillations. It is argued that understanding the transient behavior of neural network models is an important complement to the analysis of their asymptotic behavior, since both living nervous systems and artificial neural networks may operate in changing environments where long-lasting transients are functionally indistinguishable from asymptotic regimes. © 1997 The American Physical Society. | ["Pakdaman K.", "Malta C.P.", "Grotta-Ragazzo C.", "Arino O.", "Vibert J.-F."] | ["55855475700", "35603833900", "55667170900", "56265222500", "7003909236"] | 1,997 | 43 | [] | 10.1103/PhysRevE.55.3234 | Article | English | [{"id": "60000905", "name": "B3E INSERM U 444 ISARS UPMC, Paris Cedex 12, 75571, Facultéde Médecine Saint-Antoine 27 rue Chaligny, France", "fullName": "B3E INSERM U 444 ISARS UPMC", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Paris Cedex 12, 75571, Facultéde Médecine Saint-Antoine 27 rue Chaligny, France", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60024322", "name": "Department of Biophysical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka Osaka, 560, Japan", "fullName": "Department of Biophysical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, Osaka University", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Toyonaka Osaka, 560, Japan", "departmentId": "104225663"}, {"id": "60008088", "name": "Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05389-970, Caixa Postal 66318, Brazil", "fullName": "Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "São Paulo, 05389-970, Caixa Postal 66318, Brazil", "departmentId": "108103003"}, {"id": "60008088", "name": "Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05389-970, Caixa Postal 66281, Brazil", "fullName": "Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo", "reference": "d", "fullAddress": "São Paulo, 05389-970, Caixa Postal 66281, Brazil", "departmentId": "103448296"}, {"id": "60003269", "name": "Mathematics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 18540, Fine Hall Washington Road, United States", "fullName": "Mathematics Department, Princeton University", "reference": "e", "fullAddress": "Princeton, NJ, 18540, Fine Hall Washington Road, United States", "departmentId": "103216345"}, {"id": "119829852", "name": "Laboratoire de Mathématiques Appliquées, Universitéde Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, IPRA, URA CNRS 1204, United States", "fullName": "Laboratoire de Mathématiques Appliquées, Universitéde Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, IPRA", "reference": "f", "fullAddress": "URA CNRS 1204, United States", "departmentId": "119830493"}] |
817 | 46,493 | The Design of Goal-Based Scenarios | Journal of the Learning Sciences | Outside school, people typically learn during their experiences while addressing desired goals. The Goal-Based Scenario (GBS) framework describes computer-based learning environments that exploit this simple fact. In this article, we propose a structure and a set of design criteria for learn-by-doing environments that enable students to work towards desired goals. A key issue we address is the content to be taught by GBSs. Because skills are the form of knowledge that, when applied, enable students to achieve valued goals, we argue that GBSs should be designed to teach a set of target skills required to achieve a specified goal. Two programs we built prior to specifying GBSs but motivated by many of the same ideas will be analyzed according to the proposed principles. We conclude by briefly describing tools currently under development to facilitate the construction of GBSs. © 1994, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved. | ["Schank R.C.", "Fano A.", "Bell B.", "Jona M."] | ["57190866445", "6603571999", "7203056649", "36462468300"] | 1,994 | 153 | [] | 10.1207/s15327809jls0304_2 | Article | English | [{"id": "60007363", "name": "Northwestern University, Institute for the Learning Sciences, Evanston, IL 60201, 1890 Maple Avenue, United States", "fullName": "Northwestern University, Institute for the Learning Sciences", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Evanston, IL 60201, 1890 Maple Avenue, United States", "departmentId": "103406211"}] |
818 | 46,547 | Optimal selection of wavelengths in spectrophotometric multi component analysis using recursive least squares | Fresenius' Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie | The application of the recursive least squares method is demonstrated in analytical practice e.g. multicomponent analysis. It is shown that the information theory can be applied successfully for the proper selection of wavelengths in Spectrophotometric analysis. The process of taking measurements on the sample may be terminated, when a preset precision of the results is obtained. The measurements may be evaluated on-line in order to test a correct model performance. Some examples on the optimization theory introduced here are given. © 1985 Springer-Verlag. | ["Thijssen P.C.", "Vogels L.J.P.", "Smit H.C.", "Kateman G."] | ["6603162033", "56617706000", "35580324300", "7004305578"] | 1,985 | 14 | [] | 10.1007/BF00468943 | Article | English | [{"id": "60016529", "name": "Faculty of Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Nijmegen, ED Nijmegen, NL-6525, Toernooiveld, Netherlands", "fullName": "Faculty of Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Nijmegen", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "ED Nijmegen, NL-6525, Toernooiveld, Netherlands", "departmentId": "103851339"}, {"id": "60002483", "name": "Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands", "fullName": "Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, University of Amsterdam", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Amsterdam, Netherlands", "departmentId": "103175695"}] |
819 | 46,592 | Computer generation of normal random variables | Journal of the American Statistical Association | This paper suggests that user accessibility as well as speed and accuracy should be used as a criterion to evaluate algorithms for generating random variables. FORTRAN implementations of several of the best current normal algorithms are studied. Two of the algorithms were also implemented in assembler for making comparisons with other studies and for assessing the cost of accessibility. A new mixing algorithm which combines features of the convenient and fast methods of Marsaglia et al. is introduced. © 1976, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. | ["Kinderman A.J.", "Ramage J.G."] | ["6508370790", "57011799900"] | 1,976 | 111 | [] | 10.1080/01621459.1976.10480965 | Article | English | [{"id": "60027950", "name": "Department of Statistics, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States", "fullName": "Department of Statistics, Carnegie-Mellon University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States", "departmentId": "113545311"}, {"id": "60006297", "name": "Department of Statistics, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19174, United States", "fullName": "Department of Statistics, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Philadelphia, PA, 19174, United States", "departmentId": "113647087"}] |
820 | 46,646 | A novel proline derived meso-ionic synthon | Tetrahedron Letters | A practical route to the strained 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]-pyrazoles has been accomplished by "pyrazole annulation" on the proline ring, via the novel and strained meso-ionic, 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,2,3]oxadiazolone (3). © 1983. | ["Ranganathan D.", "Bamezai S."] | ["7006158141", "57196098352"] | 1,983 | 19 | [] | 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)81606-8 | Article | English | [{"id": "60021988", "name": "Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India", "fullName": "Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Kanpur, 208016, India", "departmentId": "100268515"}] |
821 | 46,711 | Extra time-like dimensions lead to a vanishing cosmological constant | Physics Letters B | Allowing extra time-like dimensions, the cosmological constant problem in Kaluza-Klein theories is examined. A new class of vacuum solutions is obtained for D=11 supergravity with a vanishing cosmological constant. In particular, there exists a solution with an SO(4)×U(1) gauge group, and without ghosts and tachyons in the low-energy limit of the effective four-dimensional theory. © 1986. | ["Aref'eva I.Ya.", "Dragović B.G.", "Volovich I.V."] | ["23112242700", "16457525500", "24502172800"] | 1,986 | 26 | [] | 10.1016/0370-2693(86)90767-7 | Article | English | [{"id": "60068815", "name": "Institute of Physics, 11001 Beograd, P.O. Box 57", "fullName": "Institute of Physics", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "11001 Beograd, P.O. Box 57", "departmentId": "108165839"}, {"id": "60029374", "name": "Steklov Mathematical Institute, 117333 Moscow, Russian Federation", "fullName": "Steklov Mathematical Institute", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "117333 Moscow, Russian Federation", "departmentId": null}] |
822 | 46,713 | Fractional supersymmetries in perturbed coset CFTs and integrable soliton theory | Nuclear Physics, Section B | We study integrable perturbations of the coset CFTs. The models are characterized by two fractional supersymmetries that are dual to each other. Generally, these models can be considered as restrictions of new integrable field theories we call fractional super soliton field theories. We study the connections with other models such as perturbations of WZW models, super sine-Gordon theory, Gross-Neveu models, and principal chiral models. © 1990. | ["Ahn C.", "Bernard D.", "Leclair A."] | ["7201986717", "7201816439", "7003282734"] | 1,990 | 181 | [] | 10.1016/0550-3213(90)90287-N | Article | English | [{"id": "60007776", "name": "Newman Laboratory of Nuclear Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States", "fullName": "Newman Laboratory of Nuclear Studies, Cornell University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Ithaca, NY 14853, United States", "departmentId": "103428416"}, {"id": "60019615", "name": "Service de Physique Théorique, Saclay Laboratoire, l'Institut de Recherche Fondamentale, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France", "fullName": "Service de Physique Théorique, Saclay Laboratoire, l'Institut de Recherche Fondamentale", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France", "departmentId": null}] |
823 | 46,768 | Extending addition in Elliott′s local semigroup | Journal of Functional Analysis | We study the unique extendability of Elliott′s partial addition of Murray-von Neumann equivalence classes of projections in AF C*-algebras. We prove that there is at most one commutative associative monotone extension satisfying the natural residuation condition that for each projection p the class of 1 - p is the smallest one whose sum with the class of p equals 1. We prove that for every AF C*-algebra A this associative commutative monotone residual extension exists if, and only if, the Murray-von Neumann order on equivalence classes of projections in A is a lattice order. By Elliott′s classification theorem, the resulting monoid uniquely characterizes A. We give a simple equational characterization of the monoids arising as classifiers. © 1993 Academic Press Inc. | ["Mundici D.", "Panti G."] | ["6603854268", "6507280964"] | 1,993 | 15 | [] | 10.1006/jfan.1993.1134 | Article | English | [{"id": "60030318", "name": "Department of Computer Science, University of Milan, 20135 Milan, via Comeiico 39-41, Italy", "fullName": "Department of Computer Science, University of Milan", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "20135 Milan, via Comeiico 39-41, Italy", "departmentId": "112843392"}, {"id": "60002838", "name": "Department of Mathematics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, via del Capilano 15, Italy", "fullName": "Department of Mathematics, University of Siena", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "53100 Siena, via del Capilano 15, Italy", "departmentId": "109552706"}] |
824 | 46,769 | Aganglionic Megacolon, Pheochromocytoma, Megaloureter, and Neurofibroma: Co-Occurrence of Several Neural Abnormalities | A.M.A. Journal of Diseases of Children | null | ["Shocket E.", "Teloh H.A."] | ["24751032700", "6507832389"] | 1,957 | 26 | [] | 10.1001/archpedi.1957.04030030079012 | Article | English | [{"id": null, "name": "New York, United States", "fullName": null, "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "New York, United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": null, "name": "Evanston, Ill., United States", "fullName": null, "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Evanston, Ill., United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60018615", "name": "Departments of Surgery and Pathology of the Veterans Administration Research Hospital, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States", "fullName": "Departments of Surgery and Pathology of the Veterans Administration Research Hospital, Northwestern University", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "Chicago, United States", "departmentId": "115864143"}] |
825 | 46,797 | Optimization of storm water storage‐release strategies | Water Resources Research | Storage‐release systems, in one form or another, are often used to improve the quality of urban storm water. Analytical methods to determine optimal storm water storage‐release strategies are difficult to apply because of difficulties in providing accurate functional representations of the problem components and in solving nonlinear programing problems with economies of scale. In order to circumvent these obstacles robust procedures for selecting an optimal storage‐release strategy are presented. One method takes a graphical approach, the other is based on an application of microcomputer‐based spreadsheet and spatial analysis software. Both methods are demonstrated with an example application. Copyright 1988 by the American Geophysical Union. | ["Nix S.J.", "Heaney J.P."] | ["6701790680", "57207540347"] | 1,988 | 20 | [] | 10.1029/WR024i011p01831 | Article | English | [] |
826 | 46,809 | Drell-hearn-gerasimov sum rule: Examples and counterexamples | Physical Review | We investigate by means of examples whether the Drell-Hearn-Gerasimov sum rule can hold simultaneously for a lightly bound state and for its constituents. Subject to certain assumptions, whose applicability is discussed, we find in particular that if the rule holds for the nucleons, then it holds for the deuteron but fails for He3 and H3. If neutron and proton masses were appreciably unequal, then the rule would fail for the deuteron as well. © 1967 The American Physical Society. | ["Barton G.", "Dombey N."] | ["22982645900", "6603622998"] | 1,967 | 17 | [] | 10.1103/PhysRev.162.1520 | Article | English | [{"id": "60017317", "name": "University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom", "fullName": "University of Sussex", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60009982", "name": "Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States", "fullName": "Department of Physics, Harvard University", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Cambridge, MA, United States", "departmentId": "100278791"}] |
827 | 46,810 | Design of Dual-Reflector Antennas with Arbitrary Phase and Amplitude Distributions | IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation | A synthesis method based on geometrical optics for designing a dud-reflector antenna system with an arbitrary phase and amplitude distribution in the aperture of the second reflector is presented. The fist reflector may be illuminated by a pattern with an arbitrarily curved phasef ront. A pair of first-order ordinary nonlinear differential equations of the form dy/dx=f(x, y) are developed for the system. Questions concerning uniqueness, existence and bounds for the solutions can be answered. Calculations and numerical results for the design of a uniform amplitude and phase dual-reflector system are presented. © 1964, IEEE. All Rights Reserved. | ["Galindo V."] | ["56710288200"] | 1,964 | 130 | [] | 10.1109/TAP.1964.1138236 | Article | English | [{"id": "60025038", "name": "Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Calif., United States", "fullName": "Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Berkeley, Calif., United States", "departmentId": "113919625"}] |
828 | 46,833 | F-theory from Dirichlet 3-branes | Physics Letters, Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics | Starting from the type IIB Dirichlet 3-brane action, we obtain a Nambu-Goto action. It is interpreted as the world volume action of a fundamental 3-brane, and its target space theory as F-theory. The target space is twelve dimensional, with signature (11, 1). It is an elliptic fibration over a ten dimensional base space. The SL(2, Z) symmetry of type IIB string has now an explicit geometric interpretation. Also, one gets a glimpse of the conjectured self-duality of M-theory. | ["Jatkar D.P.", "Rama S.K."] | ["55955570900", "55663881500"] | 1,996 | 9 | [] | 10.1016/S0370-2693(96)01091-X | Article | English | [{"id": "60012601", "name": "Mehta Res. Inst. Math. Math. P., Allahabad 211 002, Kasturba Gandhi Marg, India", "fullName": "Mehta Res. Inst. Math. Math. P.", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Allahabad 211 002, Kasturba Gandhi Marg, India", "departmentId": null}] |
829 | 46,928 | A new six-dimensional approach to the Weinberg-Salam model | Nuclear Physics, Section B | The bosonic sector of the Weinberg-Salam model is derived from a 6-dimensional Yang-Mills theory by imposing rotational symmetry in the extra, compact dimensions. The Weinberg angle and the mass of the Higgs particle are predicted. © 1979. | ["Manton N.S."] | ["6701839602"] | 1,979 | 369 | [] | 10.1016/0550-3213(79)90192-5 | Article | English | [{"id": "60008134", "name": "Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, l'Ecole Normale Supérieure Laboratoire propre, CNRS associé à l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, France., 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France", "fullName": "Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, l'Ecole Normale Supérieure Laboratoire propre, CNRS associé à l'Ecole Normale Supérieure", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "France., 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France", "departmentId": null}] |
830 | 46,942 | A security flow control algorithm and its denotational semantics correctness proof | Formal Aspects of Computing | We derive a security flow control algorithm for message-based, modular systems and prove the algorithm correct. The development is noteworthy because it is completely rigorous: the flow control algorithm is derived as an abstract interpretation of the denotational semantics of the programming language for the modular system, and the correctness proof is a proof by logical relations of the congruence between the denotational semantics and its abstract interpretation. Effectiveness is also addressed: we give conditions under which an abstract interpretation can be computed as a traditional iterative data flow analysis, and we prove that our security flow control algorithm satisfies the conditions. We also show that symbolic expressions (that is, data flow values that contain unknowns) can be used in a convergent, iterative analysis. An important consequence of the latter result is that the security flow control algorithm can analyse individual modules in a system for well formedness and later can link the analyses to obtain an analysis of the entire system. © 1992 Springer-Verlag. | ["Mizuno M.", "Schmidt D."] | ["7402731550", "57214431336"] | 1,992 | 35 | ["Abstract interpretation", "Denotational semantics", "Information flow control", "Security"] | 10.1007/BF03180570 | Article | English | [{"id": "60000689", "name": "Computing and Information Sciences Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506, KS, United States", "fullName": "Computing and Information Sciences Department, Kansas State University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Manhattan, 66506, KS, United States", "departmentId": "108742268"}] |
831 | 46,990 | Exterior power operations on higher K-theory | K-Theory | We construct operations on higher algebraic K-groups induced by operations such as exterior power on any suitable exact category, without appeal to the plus-construction of Quillen. © 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers. | ["Grayson D.R."] | ["16498990700"] | 1,989 | 20 | ["exterior powers", "Lambda operations"] | 10.1007/BF00533371 | Article | English | [{"id": "60000745", "name": "University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States", "fullName": "University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "United States", "departmentId": null}] |
832 | 47,101 | A remark on the coupling dependence in affine Toda field theories | Physics Letters B | The affine Toda field theories based on the non-simply-laced Lie algebras are discussed. By rewriting the S-matrix formulae found by Delius et al., a universal form for the coupling-constant dependence of these models is obtained, and related to various general properties of the classical couplings. This is illustrated via the S-matrix associated with the dual pair of algebras f<sub>4</sub><sup>(1)</sup> and e<sub>6</sub><sup>(2)</sup>. © 1993. | ["Dorey P."] | ["7003957370"] | 1,993 | 20 | [] | 10.1016/0370-2693(93)91083-Y | Article | English | [{"id": "60019778", "name": "CERN TH, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland", "fullName": "CERN TH", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland", "departmentId": null}] |
833 | 47,175 | Explaining investment dynamics in U.S. manufacturing: A generalized (S, s) approach | Econometrica | In this paper we derive a model of aggregate investment that builds from the lumpy microeconomic behavior of firms facing stochastic fixed adjustment costs. Instead of the standard sharp (S, s) bands, firms' adjustment policies take the form of a probability of adjustment (adjustment hazard) that responds smoothly to changes in firms' capacity gap. The model has appealing aggregation properties, and yields nonlinear aggregate time series processes. The passivity of normal times is, occasionally, more than offset by the brisk response to large accumulated shocks. Using within and out-of-sample criteria, we find that the model performs substantially better than the standard linear models of investment for postwar sectoral U.S. manufacturing equipment and structures investment data. | ["Caballero R.J.", "Engel E.M.R.A."] | ["7006328109", "7103009572"] | 1,999 | 198 | ["Adjustment costs", "Adjustment hazard", "Aggregation", "Heterogeneity", "Investment", "Lumpiness", "Nonlinear time series"] | 10.1111/1468-0262.00053 | Article | English | [] |
834 | 47,177 | Off-shell (4,4) supersymmetric sigma models with torsion as gauge theories in harmonic superspace | Physics Letters B | We present a manifestly supersymmetric off-shell formulation of a wide class of (4,4) 2D sigma models with torsion and noncommuting left and right complex structures in the harmonic superspace with a double set of SU(2) harmonic variables. The distinguishing features of the relevant superfield action are: (i) a nonabelian and in general nonlinear gauge invariance ensuring a correct number of physical degrees of freedom; (ii) an infinite tower of auxiliary fields. For a particular class of such models we explicitly demonstrate the noncommutativity of complex stuctures on the bosonic target. © 1995. | ["Ivanov E.A."] | ["56207576400"] | 1,995 | 15 | [] | 10.1016/0370-2693(95)00825-6 | Article | English | [{"id": "60005667", "name": "Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, ENSLAPP, ENS Lyon, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, 46 Allée d'Italie, France", "fullName": "Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, ENSLAPP, ENS Lyon", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, 46 Allée d'Italie, France", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60004764", "name": "Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, JINR, 141 980 Dubna near Moscow, Russian Federation", "fullName": "Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, JINR", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "141 980 Dubna near Moscow, Russian Federation", "departmentId": null}] |
835 | 47,566 | Lφ-approximation by nondecreasing functions on the interval | Constructive Approximation | Let φ: [0, ∞) → [0, ∞) be a Δ<sub>2</sub> convex function, φ(0) = 0, φ (y) > 0 if y > 0, and let f be a Lebesgue measurable function defined on [0, 1], ∫<sup>1</sup><sub>0</sub>φ(|f|) < ∞. We consider the set M<sub>φ</sub>(f) of elements that minimize ∫<sup>1</sup><sub>0</sub>φ(|f - g|) among the class of nondecreasing functions g. We give a description of that set, showing that there exists an open set U such that any function g<sub>0</sub> ∈ M<sub>φ</sub>(f) is constant on each component of U. Furthermore, whenever the right derivative φ′<sub>+</sub> is bounded, or f is essentially bounded, then any g<sub>0</sub> coincides with f almost everywhere outside U, and we show with an example that the former hypotheses are essential for getting that result. We also give a construction of the minimum and maximum elements in M<sub>φ</sub>(f). Finally, we prove that if f is approximately continuous at every point, then there is a unique g<sub>0</sub> ∈ M<sub>φ</sub>, and go is continuous. It is also observed that analogous results are valid when approximating with respect to the Luxemburg norm in the associated Orlicz space. | ["Marano M.", "Quesada J.M."] | ["7006669746", "35410551400"] | 1,997 | 9 | ["Constructive results", "Lebesgue measure", "Monotone approximation", "Orlicz spaces"] | 10.1007/bf02678463 | Article | English | [{"id": "60014586", "name": "Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain", "fullName": "Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad de Jaén", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "23071 Jaén, Spain", "departmentId": "103756570"}, {"id": "102005044", "name": "Departamento de Matemáticas, I.B. Auringis, 23006 Jaén, Spain", "fullName": "Departamento de Matemáticas, I.B. Auringis", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "23006 Jaén, Spain", "departmentId": null}] |
836 | 47,635 | Optimal zonation of digitized sequential data | Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology | null | ["Hawkins D.M.", "Merriam D.F."] | ["7202029526", "7004253961"] | 1,973 | 48 | [] | 10.1007/BF02111989 | Article | English | [{"id": "60016218", "name": "Department of Statistics, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa", "fullName": "Department of Statistics, University of Witwatersrand", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "South Africa", "departmentId": "103836380"}, {"id": "60030551", "name": "Department of Geology, Syracuse University, United States", "fullName": "Department of Geology, Syracuse University", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "United States", "departmentId": "100249125"}] |
837 | 47,649 | On the Errors involved in Computing the Empirical Characteristic Function | Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation | This paper considers discretisation errors involved in using the Fast Fourier Transform to compute the empirical characteristic function efficiently. A simple improvement to the usual histogram discretisation scheme is shown to reduce the mean square error considerably, as the grid size tends to zero. Simulation results show that the improvement is just as good in practical cases. The theoretical results are applied to the efficient calculation of kernel density estimates, described in Silverman (1982). © 1983, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved. | ["Jones M.C.", "Lotwick H.W."] | ["35355088100", "6505909130"] | 1,983 | 19 | ["Discretisation Errors", "Empirical Characteristic Function", "Fast Fourier Transform", "Kernel Density Estimation"] | 10.1080/00949658308810650 | Article | English | [{"id": "60030480", "name": "School of Mathematics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom", "fullName": "School of Mathematics, University of Bath", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Claverton Down, Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom", "departmentId": "104542289"}] |
838 | 47,718 | A step towards quantitative electron spectroscopy measurements by improved electron optics | Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena | null | ["Nöller H.G.", "Polaschegg H.D.", "Schillalies H."] | ["24594250800", "16511278400", "6507756536"] | 1,974 | 54 | [] | 10.1016/0368-2048(74)85047-4 | Article | English | [{"id": "60078386", "name": "Leybold-Heraeus, Cologne, Germany", "fullName": "Leybold-Heraeus", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Cologne, Germany", "departmentId": "106885510"}] |
839 | 47,803 | On the littlewood-paley-stein g-function | Transactions of the American Mathematical Society | We consider semigroups (T<sub>t</sub>), which are contractive on L<sup>P</sup>(M) for all P ε [q, q<sup>'</sup>] and q ε[1, 2). We give an example (on symmetric spaces of the noncompact type) which shows that the Littlewood-Paley-Stein g-function associated to the infinitesimal generator of (T<sub>t</sub>) may be unbounded on Li(M) and on L<sub>q</sub><sup>'</sup>(M). We prove that variants of the g-function are bounded on these Lebesgue spaces. © 1995 American Mathematical Society. | ["Meda S."] | ["6603147741"] | 1,995 | 17 | ["Functional calculus", "G-function", "Symmetric spaces"] | 10.1090/S0002-9947-1995-1264824-6 | Article | English | [{"id": "60023256", "name": "Dipartimento di matemàtica, Politécnico di milano, Milano, 20133, Via bonardi 9, Italy", "fullName": "Dipartimento di matemàtica, Politécnico di milano", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Milano, 20133, Via bonardi 9, Italy", "departmentId": "112711718"}] |
840 | 47,826 | Lectures on Classical W-Algebras | Acta Applicandae Mathematicae | These are lecture notes of lectures given in 1993 in Cortona, Italy. W-algebras appeared in the conformal field theory as extensions of the Virasoro algebra. They are closely connected with integrable systems and can be interpreted as symplectic (or Poisson) structures inherent in those systems (we touch only classical aspects of W-algeabras). We try to give some self-contained description of this link. First three parts are devoted to integrable systems and their Hamiltonian nature. Part 4 deals with the most important for W-algebras problem: seeking generators that are primary fields. Parts 4 and 5 introduce the KP-hierarchy and τ-functions, Part 6 discusses additional symmetries, W<sub>∞</sub>-algebra and the string equation. Finally, Part 7 is devoted to some reductions (constrained hierarchies). | ["Dickey L.A."] | ["56283591300"] | 1,997 | 42 | ["Integrable system", "W-algebra"] | 10.1023/A:1017903416906 | Article | English | [{"id": "60030931", "name": "Department of Mathematics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States", "fullName": "Department of Mathematics, University of Oklahoma", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Norman, OK 73019, United States", "departmentId": "104569312"}] |
841 | 48,014 | Convergence rates in density estimation for data from infinite-order moving average processes | Probability Theory and Related Fields | The effect of long-range dependence in nonparametric probability density estimation is investigated under the assumption that the observed data are a sample from a stationary, infinite-order moving average process. It is shown that to first order, the mean integrated squared error (MISE) of a kernel estimator for moving average data may be expanded as the sum of MISE of the kernel estimator for a same-size random sample, plus a term proportional to the variance of the moving average sample mean. The latter term does not depend on bandwidth, and so imposes a ceiling on the convergence rate of a kernel estimator regardless of how bandwidth is chosen. This ceiling can be quite significant in the case of long-range dependence. We show that all density estimators have the convergence rate ceiling possessed by kernel estimators. © 1990 Springer-Verlag. | ["Hall P.", "Hart J.D."] | ["57203346769", "7401987562"] | 1,990 | 53 | [] | 10.1007/BF01198432 | Article | English | [{"id": "60008950", "name": "Department of Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Commerce, Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, ACT, GPO Box 4, Australia", "fullName": "Department of Statistics, Faculty of Economics and Commerce, Australian National University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Canberra, 2601, ACT, GPO Box 4, Australia", "departmentId": "103493967"}, {"id": "60020547", "name": "Department of Statistics, Texas A and M University, College Station, 77843, TX, United States", "fullName": "Department of Statistics, Texas A and M University", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "College Station, 77843, TX, United States", "departmentId": "104042068"}] |
842 | 48,058 | The nature of innovation market failure and the design of public support for private innovation | Research Policy | We relate the sources of innovation market failure to the dominant mode of sectoral innovation and outline mechanisms for public support of innovation that target specific sources of innovation market failure. | ["Martin S.", "Scott J.T."] | ["55450169900", "55477039500"] | 2,000 | 265 | ["Innovation", "Innovation policy", "O31", "O38", "Technological change"] | 10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00084-0 | Article | English | [{"id": "60030840", "name": "Centre for Industrial Economics, University of Copenhagen, 1455, Copenhagen K, Denmark", "fullName": "Centre for Industrial Economics, University of Copenhagen, 1455", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Copenhagen K, Denmark", "departmentId": "104565279"}, {"id": "60010756", "name": "Department of Economics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States", "fullName": "Department of Economics, Dartmouth College", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Hanover, NH 03755, United States", "departmentId": "105528672"}] |
843 | 48,059 | Definition of general aggregation operators through similarity relations | Fuzzy Sets and Systems | Various extensions of the original max and min aggregation operators in fuzzy set theory are successfully used in practical applications, but lack a clear conceptual model supporting them. Giving these operators a meaningful and simple interpretation is the topic of this paper. Aggregation operators are seen as different methods to measure distances to the essential reference points of the feature space, called Ideals. It has been proved that every general aggregation operator can be associated with a corresponding metric, in which the result of its application is the distance to the Ideal. Some widely used operators correspond to familiar l - p norms, and new operators can be defined by specifying different metrics. Heterogeneous combinations of ANDs and ORs are treated in such a way that the distributivity and De Morgan's laws hold. Applications to fuzzy constraint satisfaction problem and fuzzy control are discussed and interpreted geometrically. Classical operators are particular cases of the proposed semantic model, and several other examples are given. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. | ["Beliakov G."] | ["7003644533"] | 2,000 | 22 | ["Defuzzification", "Fuzzy sets", "Multicriteria analysis", "Operators", "Relations"] | 10.1016/S0165-0114(98)00194-8 | Article | English | [{"id": "60031846", "name": "Sch. of Comp. and Info. Science, University of South Australia, The Levels, SA 5095, Warrendi Rd., Australia", "fullName": "Sch. of Comp. and Info. Science, University of South Australia", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "The Levels, SA 5095, Warrendi Rd., Australia", "departmentId": "104618635"}] |
844 | 48,066 | Fuzzy controller: design, evaluation, parallel and hierarchial combination with a PID controller | Fuzzy Sets and Systems | Fuzzy techniques still remain ill-accepted in the control community. As a matter of fact, they rely on a new relation between the real world and the scientists. Whereas some theoretical studies are carried out on this subject, experiments on processes show what fuzzy techniques can bring to the control theory. This paper deals with some implementations of control structures using fuzzy techniques. Our goal is to study the ways to include fuzzy techniques into existing control tools in order to improve the closed-loop performances. The experiments are carried out on different processes with disturbances: a DC motor and industrial furnaces. They allow to study the design and properties of structures such as fuzzy control, commutation between fuzzy and PID controllers and fuzzy supervision of PID controller. After having described two fuzzy controller implementations (fuzzy proportional-derivative and fuzzy proportional-integral controllers), the comparison with a PID algorithm is a base for the design of the parallel PID-fuzzy controllers combination. Even though this strategy is interesting, another hierarchical combination of PID and fuzzy tools is considered. The proposed fuzzy supervisor leads to promising results concerning the development of combined control structures. © 1995. | ["Ketata R.", "De Geest D.", "Titli A."] | ["6505794195", "55807171100", "7004052305"] | 1,995 | 71 | ["Fuzzy commutation", "Fuzzy control", "Fuzzy supervision"] | 10.1016/0165-0114(94)00189-E | Article | English | [{"id": "106628686", "name": "Centre de Recherche et de Transfert de Technologie Gavy Oceanis, cedex, F-44603 St. Nazaire, France", "fullName": "Centre de Recherche et de Transfert de Technologie Gavy Oceanis", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "cedex, F-44603 St. Nazaire, France", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60008134", "name": "Laboratoire d'Analyse et d'Architecture des Systèmes, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse cedex, 7, avenue du colonel Roche, France", "fullName": "Laboratoire d'Analyse et d'Architecture des Systèmes, CNRS", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "31077 Toulouse cedex, 7, avenue du colonel Roche, France", "departmentId": null}] |
845 | 48,138 | The recent star formation history of the Hipparcos solar neighbourhood | Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | We use data from the Hipparcos catalogue to construct colour-magnitude diagrams for the solar neighbourhood, which are then treated using advanced Bayesian analysis techniques to derive the star formation rate history, SFR(t), of this region over the last 3 Gyr. The method we use allows the recovery of the underlying SFR(t) without the need of assuming any a priori structure or condition on SFR(t), and hence yields a highly objective result. The remarkable accuracy of the data permits the reconstruction of the local SFR(t) with an unprecedented time resolution of ≈50 Myr. An SFR(t) that has an oscillatory component of period ≈0.5 Gyr is found, superimposed on a small level of constant star formation activity. Problems arising from the non-uniform selection function of the Hipparcos satellite are discussed and treated. Detailed statistical tests are then performed on the results, which confirm the inferred SFR(r) to be compatible with the observed distribution of stars. | ["Hernandez X.", "Valls-Gabaud D.", "Gilmore G."] | ["7003692623", "6603682413", "7103375960"] | 2,000 | 68 | ["Methods: statistical", "Solar neighbourhood", "Stars: formation"] | 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03537.x | Article | English | [{"id": "60021729", "name": "Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, 50125 Firenze, Largo E. Fermi 5, Italy", "fullName": "Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "50125 Firenze, Largo E. Fermi 5, Italy", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60123782", "name": "Laboratoire d'Astrophysique, UMR CNRS 5572, Observ. Midi-Pyrénées, 31400 Toulouse, 14 Avenue E. Belin, France", "fullName": "Laboratoire d'Astrophysique, UMR CNRS 5572, Observ. Midi-Pyrénées", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "31400 Toulouse, 14 Avenue E. Belin, France", "departmentId": "124530392"}, {"id": "60031101", "name": "Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB3 0HA, Madingley Road, United Kingdom", "fullName": "Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge University", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "Cambridge CB3 0HA, Madingley Road, United Kingdom", "departmentId": null}] |
846 | 48,182 | Transient and Impulse Response Approximations | Proceedings of the IEEE | Electromagnetic field waveforms produced by scattering of transient plane waves from finite objects are related to those produced by an impulsive plane wave. Properties of the impulse response waveforms at great distances from the target, particularly in the backscattering direction, are discussed. Various methods for approximation of impulse response waveforms using time and frequency domain concepts are suggested and illustrated. Other applications of response waveforms to target identification and to prediction of radar echo pulse waveforms are suggested. © 1965, IEEE. All rights reserved. | ["Kennaugh E.M.", "Moffatt D.L."] | ["6603228146", "7006756793"] | 1,965 | 228 | [] | 10.1109/PROC.1965.4068 | Article | English | [{"id": "60003500", "name": "Antenna Lab., Department of Electrical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States", "fullName": "Antenna Lab., Department of Electrical Engineering, The Ohio State University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Columbus, Ohio, United States", "departmentId": "113920049"}] |
847 | 48,209 | On the nonlinear susceptibility of the quantum Ising spin glass model in a random field | Modern Physics Letters B | We calculate the static bulk nonlinear susceptibility for Ising spin glass model with pair-wise interactions, in a transverse field and longitudinal random field. Paramagnetic-spin glass transition is considered and connections with previous theoretical and experimental results are made. © World Scientific Publishing Company. | ["Busiello G.", "Saburova R.V."] | ["6701562143", "6603876118"] | 1,996 | 7 | [] | 10.1142/S0217984996001462 | Article | English | [{"id": "60007061", "name": "Dipartimento di Fisica Teorica, Università di Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy", "fullName": "Dipartimento di Fisica Teorica, Università di Salerno", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy", "departmentId": "103394761"}, {"id": "60011264", "name": "Istituto Nazionale di Fisica della Materia, Sezione di Salerno, Salerno, Italy", "fullName": "Istituto Nazionale di Fisica della Materia, Sezione di Salerno", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Salerno, Italy", "departmentId": "105965360"}, {"id": "60021331", "name": "Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Kazan, Russian Federation", "fullName": "Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Science", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "Kazan, Russian Federation", "departmentId": null}] |
848 | 48,333 | Statics and Dynamics of Polymeric Melts: A Numerical Analysis<sup>†</sup> | Macromolecules | The static and dynamic properties of polymeric melts are analyzed by an extended Monte Carlo simulation of self-avoiding walks (SAWs) on the diamond lattice for chain lengths up to 200 steps. For the static properties we find that the mean square end-to-end distance for melts at concentrations c → 1 is equal to the result for a single chain at T = θ, the θ temperature. We choose conditions where SAW effects on the polymer configurations are screened out over distances much smaller than the coil radius. Neither the dynamic structure function S(k,t) nor the mean square displacements of inner monomers show any onset of reptation but are well accounted for by the Rouse model. Reptation is only found for a system where all chains except one were frozen in. But it also turns out here that recent theories can describe our results only qualitatively. © 1983, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved. | ["Kremer K."] | ["24496148800"] | 1,983 | 75 | [] | 10.1021/ma00244a015 | Article | English | [{"id": "60007774", "name": "Institut für Festkörperforschung der Kernforschungsanlage, D-5170 Jülich GmbH, Jülich, West Germany, Germany", "fullName": "Institut für Festkörperforschung der Kernforschungsanlage", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "D-5170 Jülich GmbH, Jülich, West Germany, Germany", "departmentId": null}] |
849 | 48,533 | Learning in common value auctions: Some initial observations | Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization | Inexperienced bidders in first-price common value auctions suffer from a winner's curse - losing money on average. With experience bidders approximate the Nash equilibrium. The mechanisms underlying this adjustment are (1) a market selection effect as the most aggressive bidders are less likely to return for subsequent sessions and (2) players who lose money bid less (experiential learning) and those who would have lost money had they won the auction with the high bidder's signal bid less (observational learning). © 1994. | ["Garvin S.", "Kagel J.H."] | ["36885815500", "7003832293"] | 1,994 | 52 | ["Auctions", "Learning", "Winner's curse"] | 10.1016/0167-2681(94)90105-8 | Article | English | [{"id": "60015543", "name": "Department of Economics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States", "fullName": "Department of Economics, University of Pittsburgh", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States", "departmentId": "103801391"}] |
850 | 48,552 | A canonical filtration for certain rational modules | Mathematische Zeitschrift | null | ["Friedlander E.M."] | ["7004892772"] | 1,985 | 10 | [] | 10.1007/BF01159188 | Article | English | [{"id": "60007363", "name": "Department of Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60201, Il, United States", "fullName": "Department of Mathematics, Northwestern University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Evanston, 60201, Il, United States", "departmentId": "103405956"}] |
851 | 48,599 | The density distribution of a weakly interacting bose gas in an external potential | Journal of Low Temperature Physics | The Gross-Pitaevskii equations are generalized to finite temperatures by means of the self-consistent Hartree-Fock and Bogolyubov approximations that are derived through a variational principle for the optimal set of one-particle eigenstates. A number of sample density profiles are provided for spin-polarized atomic hydrogen when the external potential depends on the z coordinate only © 1982 Plenum Publishing Corporation. | ["Huse D.A.", "Siggia E.D."] | ["7006628415", "7003818329"] | 1,982 | 103 | [] | 10.1007/BF00655448 | Article | English | [{"id": "60007776", "name": "Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States", "fullName": "Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Ithaca, New York, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
852 | 48,626 | Finite-size calculations on the three-dimensional Ising model | Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications | Recent numerical results for the critical behaviour of the three-dimensional Ising model, based on finite-size calculations, show significant discrepancies. We review possible sources of systematic deviations and strategies to avoid these or to track them down. We present some new finite-size results for the Binder cumulant, obtained by means of a perturbation expansion and by cluster Monte Carlo methods. © 1993. | ["Blöte H.W.J.", "Kamieniarz G."] | ["7005877654", "7003942532"] | 1,993 | 15 | [] | 10.1016/0378-4371(93)90208-L | Article | English | [{"id": "60006288", "name": "Laboratorium voor Technische Natuurkunde, Technische Universiteit Delft, 2600 GA Delft, P.O. Box 5046, Netherlands", "fullName": "Laboratorium voor Technische Natuurkunde, Technische Universiteit Delft", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "2600 GA Delft, P.O. Box 5046, Netherlands", "departmentId": "103356388"}] |
853 | 48,638 | Axial symmetry in lattice theories | Nuclear Physics, Section B | The continuum limit of a lattice gauge theory is studied, using a gradient prescription for fermion fields which satisfies axial gauge invariance. It is found that both the axial vector and polar vector Ward identifies are satisfied for the fermion triangle diagram. However, Lorentz invariance and locality are violated, unless one introduces appropriate counter terms or more fermions. © 1978. | ["Karsten L.H.", "Smit J."] | ["24525753400", "7202265376"] | 1,978 | 59 | [] | 10.1016/0550-3213(78)90385-1 | Article | English | [{"id": "106077206", "name": "Instituut voor theoretische fysica, Amsterdam, Holland, United States", "fullName": "Instituut voor theoretische fysica, Amsterdam", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Holland, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
854 | 48,692 | The comparison and fitting of given classification schemes | Journal of Mathematical Psychology | A permutation procedure is described for statistically comparing a given classification scheme, characterized as a hierarchically organized collection of subsets, to either a proximity matrix or a second classification scheme defined on the same basic set of objects. To prevent a bias that may result when an optimization method is used to construct the classification structures being considered, it is assumed that the desired comparisons involve classifications and/or proximities that have been derived from separate sources. In addition to an extensive number of examples used to clarify the major points in the presentation of the inference strategy, several heuristic optimization techniques are also introduced and illustrated. These latter procedures attempt to "fit" the form of a target classification structure by relabeling the rows and simultaneously the columns of a given proximity matrix to maximize the correspondence between the fixed target and the relabeled proximity matrix. © 1977. | ["Hubert L.J.", "Baker F.B."] | ["7005719385", "7202513736"] | 1,977 | 34 | [] | 10.1016/0022-2496(77)90054-2 | Article | English | [{"id": "60029241", "name": "University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States", "fullName": "University of California", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60032179", "name": "The University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States", "fullName": "The University of Wisconsin", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Madison, WI 53706, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
855 | 48,746 | On Auger induced decomposition/desorption of covalent and ionic systems | Physics Letters A | We propose a detailed model for Auger induced desorption and/or decomposition which can be applied to covalent, ionic, or chemisorbed systems. Quantitative Auger lineshape interpretations are used to calculate decomposition cross sections and the results are compared with experimental results for the SiO<sub>2</sub>, LiNO<sub>3</sub>, and Li<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> systems. It is shown for some systems that the model must include a many-body mechanism based on hole correlation to prevent drastic reductions in the decomposition/desorption cross sections due to one hole hopping. © 1982. | ["Ramaker D.E.", "White C.T.", "Murday J.S."] | ["7005170171", "35578106000", "6603862636"] | 1,982 | 81 | [] | 10.1016/0375-9601(82)90212-2 | Article | English | [{"id": "60027271", "name": "Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, United States", "fullName": "Naval Research Laboratory", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Washington, DC 20375, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
856 | 48,869 | FIR principal component filter banks | IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing | In this paper, two-dimensional (2-D) principal component filter banks (PCFB's) of finite impulse response (FIR) are proposed. For 2-D signals, among all uniform paraunitary FIR analysis/synthesis filter banks, the FIR PCFB's have the most energy compaction and maximize the arithmetic mean to geometric mean ratio (AM/GM ratio) of subband variances, which is the theoretic coding gain (TCG) of the systems under proper assumptions. The theoretic proof and design techniques are provided. Several special cases are discussed. Experimental results show the potential power of the FIR PCFB's. © 1998 IEEE. | ["Xuan B.", "Bamberger R.H."] | ["7003951983", "7003993255"] | 1,998 | 25 | [] | 10.1109/78.668547 | Article | English | [{"id": "60018208", "name": "School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States", "fullName": "School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Pullman, WA 99164, United States", "departmentId": "110556448"}, {"id": "102069326", "name": "Cybernetics InfoTech, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20879, United States", "fullName": "Cybernetics InfoTech, Inc.", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Gaithersburg, MD 20879, United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60018208", "name": "College of Engineering and Architecture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States", "fullName": "College of Engineering and Architecture, Washington State University", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "Pullman, WA 99164, United States", "departmentId": "103933968"}, {"id": "60026532", "name": "Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA 98052, United States", "fullName": "Microsoft Corporation", "reference": "d", "fullAddress": "Redmond, WA 98052, United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60000251", "name": "IEEE, United States", "fullName": "IEEE", "reference": "e", "fullAddress": "United States", "departmentId": null}] |
857 | 48,908 | Stability of rating transitions | Journal of Banking and Finance | The distribution of ratings changes plays a crucial role in many credit risk models. As is well-known, these distributions vary across time and different issuer types. Ignoring such dependencies may lead to inaccurate assessments of credit risk. In this paper, we quantify the dependence of rating transition probabilities on the industry and domicile of the obligor, and on the stage of the business cycle. Employing ordered probit models, we identify the incremental impact of these factors. Our approach gives a clearer picture of which conditioning factors are important than comparing transition matrices estimated from different sub-samples. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. | ["Nickell P.", "Perraudin W.", "Varotto S."] | ["6507642987", "6603778904", "23010840500"] | 2,000 | 221 | ["Bond rating", "C25", "Credit risk", "G21", "G33", "Markov chain"] | 10.1016/S0378-4266(99)00057-6 | Article | English | [{"id": "60026391", "name": "Bank of England, Threadneedle Street, EC2R 8AH, London, United Kingdom", "fullName": "Bank of England, Threadneedle Street, EC2R 8AH", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "London, United Kingdom", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60009016", "name": "Department of Economics, Birkbeck Coll., Inst. Fin. Res., G., London, United Kingdom", "fullName": "Department of Economics, Birkbeck Coll., Inst. Fin. Res., G.", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "London, United Kingdom", "departmentId": "100251813"}] |
858 | 48,914 | Linked-cluster expansion around the atomic limit of the Hubbard model | Physical Review B | We develop a perturbation expansion in the intersite hopping around the atomic limit of the Hubbard model. It is valid for arbitrary finite temperatures and interaction strengths. Diagrammatic rules that determine the grand-canonical potential and the Greens functions are derived. They reduce the calculation of any finite-order contribution to simple algebra. This opens the way for series extrapolations from computer-aided high-finite-order evaluations. Discrepancies in earlier expansions around the atomic limit are clarified. The present expansion scheme involves only connected diagrams with unrestricted lattice sums. This allows one to perform a vertex renormalization as for the linked-cluster expansion of the Ising model. The renormalized perturbation expansion can be used to construct self-consistent approximations which are automatically exact in the atomic limit. In the limit of high lattice dimensions, only fully two-particle reducible embeddings of diagrams on the lattice contribute. The single-particle properties of the infinite-dimensional Hubbard model reduce to those of independent tight-binding fermions hopping between dressed sites. © 1991 The American Physical Society. | ["Metzner W."] | ["57205008021"] | 1,991 | 206 | [] | 10.1103/PhysRevB.43.8549 | Article | English | [{"id": "60016653", "name": "Institut F̈r Theoretische Physik C, Technische Hochschule Aachen, D-5100 Aachen, Sommerfeldstrasse 26/28, Germany", "fullName": "Institut F̈r Theoretische Physik C, Technische Hochschule Aachen", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "D-5100 Aachen, Sommerfeldstrasse 26/28, Germany", "departmentId": "105176604"}] |
859 | 48,938 | 2+1 lattice gravity | Classical and Quantum Gravity | This is a theory of 2+1 gravity with a spacelike lattice and continuous time. It is derived from the Chern-Simons formulation of 2+1 gravity, in which the frame vectors are canonically conjugate to the SO(2, 1) connection. Dirac brackets are computed for the corresponding lattice variables: the link 3-vectors and the SO(2, 1) matrices which define parallel transport across the boundary between neighbouring faces. There is a set of first-class constraints, which state that the lattice analogues of torsion and curvature vanish locally. These generate local Lorentz rotations and independent translations of each lattice site. One finds the same complete set of observables as in the Chern-Simons formulation. | ["Waelbroeck H."] | ["6604083730"] | 1,990 | 29 | [] | 10.1088/0264-9381/7/5/006 | Article | English | [{"id": "60013372", "name": "Centre for Relativity, Texas Univ., Austin, TX, United States", "fullName": "Centre for Relativity, Texas Univ.", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Austin, TX, United States", "departmentId": "103697731"}] |
860 | 49,012 | Process data de-noising using wavelet transform | Intelligent Data Analysis | The recovery of process information from noisy data (de-noising) is studied by investigating the classical solution of the estimation problem first. Next, the effectiveness of wavelet-based algorithms for data recovery is considered. A novel method based on coefficient de-noising according to WienerShrink method of wavelet thresholding is proposed. Simulation results are presented, highlighting the advantages of the de-noising method over the classical approaches based on the mean square error criterion. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.Y. | ["Bakhtazad A.", "Palazoglu A.", "Romagnoli J.A."] | ["6701407049", "7004571942", "7005158664"] | 1,999 | 55 | ["Estimation theory", "Noise reduction", "Wavelet transform"] | 10.3233/IDA-1999-3403 | Article | English | [{"id": "60025709", "name": "Orica Laboratory of Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia", "fullName": "Orica Laboratory of Process Systems Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sydney", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia", "departmentId": "126350413"}, {"id": "60014439", "name": "Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States", "fullName": "Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Davis, CA 95616, United States", "departmentId": "113874895"}] |
861 | 49,036 | Minimizing the makespan in the two-machine flowshop scheduling problem with an availability constraint | Operations Research Letters | This paper studies a two-machine flowshop scheduling problem with an availability constraint. Contrary to most literature where machines are available at all times, we assume that a machine may not always be available. The problem is very important, as it happens often in the industry. For example, a machine may not be available in the scheduling period due to a breakdown or preventive maintenance. Also if a machine continues to process those unfinished jobs that were scheduled in the previous planning period, then it is not available at the beginning of the period. We study the problem under a deterministic environment. Namely, we assume that the unavailable time is known in advance. We prove that the problem is NP-hard. We then develop pseudo-polynomial dynamic programming algorithm to solve the problem optimally. We also provide heuristic algorithms with an error bound analysis. In particular, we propose two O(n log n) time heuristic algorithms. The first heuristic is used to solve the problem with an availability constraint imposed on machine 1, and has a worst case error bound of 1/2. The second heuristic is used to solve the problem with an availability constraint imposed on machine 2, and has a worst case error bound of 1/3. We note that the problem is not reversible, in the sense that interchanging job processing time on machine 1 and 2 will not yield an equivalent problem, which is different from the standard flowshop problem. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. | ["Lee C.-Y."] | ["7410157139"] | 1,997 | 160 | ["Dynamic programming", "Error bound", "Flowshop scheduling", "Heuristic"] | 10.1016/s0167-6377(96)00041-7 | Article | English | [{"id": "60020547", "name": "Department of Industrial Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843-3131, United States", "fullName": "Department of Industrial Engineering, Texas A and M University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "College Station, TX 77843-3131, United States", "departmentId": "112822948"}] |
862 | 49,053 | Field driven thermostated systems: A nonlinear multibaker map | Physical Review E - Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics | In this paper we discuss a simple deterministic model for a field driven, thermostated random walk that is constructed by a suitable generalization of a multibaker map. The map is a usual multibaker, but perturbed by a thermostated external field that has many of the properties of the fields used in systems with Gaussian thermostats. For small values of the driving field, the map is hyperbolic and has a unique Sinai-Ruelle-Bowen measure that we determine analytically to first order in the field parameter. We then compute the positive and negative Lyapunov exponents to second order and discuss their relation to the transport properties. For higher values of the parameter, this system becomes nonhyperbolic and possesses an attractive fixed point. © 1999 The American Physical Society. | ["Gilbert T.", "Ferguson C.D.", "Dorfman J.R."] | ["35304775800", "7201459921", "7007131694"] | 1,999 | 23 | [] | 10.1103/PhysRevE.59.364 | Article | English | [{"id": "60020304", "name": "Department of Physics, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, United States", "fullName": "Department of Physics, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "College Park, MD, 20742, United States", "departmentId": "112856084"}] |
863 | 49,060 | An augmented UD identification algorithm | International Journal of Control | An augmented UD identification (AUDI) algorithm for system identification is developed by rearranging the data vectors and augmenting the covariance matrix of Bierman's UD factorization algorithm. The structure of the augmented information (covariance) matrix is particularly easy to interpret and it is shown that the AUDI algorithm is a direct extension of the familiar recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm. The proposed algorithm permits simultaneous identification of the model parameters plus loss functions for all orders from 1 to n at each time step with approximately the same calculation effort as «th order RLS. This provides a basis for simultaneous model order and parameter identification so that problems due to over- and under-estimation of model can be avoided. Based on its least-squares properties, numerical robustness, theoretical basis and the fact that it simultaneously estimates multiple models, the proposed AUDI algorithm is recommended for use in place of RLS and Bierman's UD factorization algorithms. © 1992 Taylor & Francis Ltd. | ["Niu S.", "Fisher D.G.", "Xiao D."] | ["7103052228", "7403343080", "7201474274"] | 1,992 | 36 | [] | 10.1080/00207179208934309 | Article | English | [{"id": "60030835", "name": "Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G6, Canada", "fullName": "Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alberta", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Edmonton, T6G 2G6, Canada", "departmentId": "108559149"}, {"id": "60025278", "name": "Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China", "fullName": "Department of Automation, Tsinghua University", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Beijing, 100084, China", "departmentId": "110167213"}] |
864 | 49,072 | Easily testable realizations for generalized Reed-Muller expressions | IEEE Transactions on Computers | This paper presents a design method of easily testable AND-EXOR networks. It is an improvement of Reddy and Saluja-Reddy's methods, and has the following features: 1) The network uses generalized Reed-Muller expressions (GRMs) instead of Positive Polarity Reed-Muller expressions (PPRMs). The average number of products for GRMs is less than half of that for PPRMs, and is less than that of sum-of-products expressions (SOPs). 2) The network consists of a literal part, an AND part, an EXOR part, and a check part. 3) The EXOR part can be a tree instead of a cascade. Thus, the network is faster. 4) The test detects multiple stuck at faults under the assumption that the faults occur at most one part, either the literal part, the AND part, the EXOR part, or the check part. © 1997 IEEE. | ["Sasao T."] | ["7006026413"] | 1,997 | 51 | ["AND-EXOR", "Circuit complexity", "Linear circuit", "Logic minimization", "Reed-Muller expression", "Testable design"] | 10.1109/12.600830 | Article | English | [{"id": "60000251", "name": "IEEE, Japan", "fullName": "IEEE", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Japan", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60031838", "name": "Department of Computer Science and Electronics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka 820, Japan", "fullName": "Department of Computer Science and Electronics, Kyushu Institute of Technology", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Iizuka 820, Japan", "departmentId": "112927833"}] |
865 | 49,121 | Constructions and Properties of k out of n Visual Secret Sharing Schemes | Designs, Codes, and Cryptography | The idea of visual k out of n secret sharing schemes was introduced in [4]. Explicit constructions for k = 2 and k = n can be found there. For general k out of n schemes bounds have been described. Here, two general k out of n constructions are presented. Their parameters are related to those of maximum size arcs or MDS codes. Further, results on the structure of k out of n schemes, such as bounds on their parameters, are obtained. Finally, the notion of coloured visual secret sharing schemes is introduced and a general construction is given. | ["Verheul E.R.", "Van Tilborg H.C.A."] | ["6603598529", "7003867006"] | 1,997 | 273 | ["Arcs", "MDS codes", "Secret sharing schemes", "Visual cryptography"] | 10.1023/A:1008280705142 | Article | English | [{"id": "60028264", "name": "Ministry of the Interior, 2500 EA the Hague, P.O. Box 20010, Netherlands", "fullName": "Ministry of the Interior", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "2500 EA the Hague, P.O. Box 20010, Netherlands", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60032882", "name": "Dept. of Math. and Computing Science, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, Netherlands", "fullName": "Dept. of Math. and Computing Science, Eindhoven University of Technology", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "5600 MB, Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, Netherlands", "departmentId": "113720248"}] |
866 | 49,133 | The q-euclidean algebra U<sub>q</sub>(e<sup>N</sup>) and the corresponding q-euclidean lattice | International Journal of Modern Physics A | We present the Euclidean Hopf algebra U<sub>q</sub>(e<sup>N</sup>) dual of Fun(R<sub>q</sub><sup>N</sup> ⋊ SO<sub>q-1</sub> (N)) and describe its fundamental Hilbert space representations,<sup>6</sup> which turn out to be rather simple "lattice-regularized" versions of the classical ones, in the sense that the spectra of squared momentum components are discrete and the corresponding eigenfunctions normalizable. These representations can be regarded as describing a quantum system consisting of one free particle on the quantum Euclidean space. A suitable notion of the classical limit is introduced, so that we recover the classical continuous spectra and generalized (nonnormalizable) eigenfunctions in that limit. | ["Fiore G."] | ["24786694600"] | 1,996 | 7 | [] | 10.1142/S0217751X96000390 | Article | English | [{"id": "60028717", "name": "Sektion Physik, Universität München, D-80333 München, Theresienstrasse 37, Germany", "fullName": "Sektion Physik, Universität München", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "D-80333 München, Theresienstrasse 37, Germany", "departmentId": null}] |
867 | 49,165 | Learning in the hypercube: A stepping stone to the binary perceptron | Physical Review E - Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids, and Related Interdisciplinary Topics | The learning problem for storing random patterns in a perceptron with binary weights can be facilitated by pretraining an appropriate precursor network with continuous weights. Unlike previous studies which compare the performance of different continuous-weight perceptrons on the hypersphere (spherical constraint), we also consider weight vectors constrained to the volume of the hypercube (cubical constraint). We compare the performance of the maximally stable networks on the hypersphere and in the hypercube, and show that the latter is superior for predicting the weights of the maximally stable binary perceptron. We further determine an upper bound for the fraction of binary weights that any precursor is able to predict correctly, and introduce a precursor in the hypercube that closely approaches this upper bound. We finally demonstrate the value of this hypercube precursor by carrying out simulations for a perceptron with up to 100 weights. © 1998 The American Physical Society. | ["Bouten M.", "Reimers L.", "Van Rompaey B."] | ["24521098300", "6602430089", "6602915367"] | 1,998 | 9 | [] | 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.2378 | Article | English | [{"id": "60010413", "name": "Limburgs Universitair Centrum, Diepenbeek, B-3590, Belgium", "fullName": "Limburgs Universitair Centrum", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Diepenbeek, B-3590, Belgium", "departmentId": null}] |
868 | 49,174 | Optimization and the ultimate convergence of QCD perturbation theory | Nuclear Physics, Section B | I suggest that QCD perturbation theory can be convergent, and that "optimization" of the renormalization scheme choice is essential in achieving this. Arguing that higher orders probe shorter distances, I suggest that the effective expansion parameter (the "optimized" couplant) decreases at high orders, leading to an induced convergence. The mechanism is illustrated by a simple mathematical example. The point is that, even if the perturbation series is divergent in all fixed renormalization schemes, the sequence of "optimized" approximations may still converge. It is emphasized that the limit approached by perturbation theory, if any, will not be the exact result of the full theory. Allegations that QCD series are not Borel-summable are critically re-examined in this light. © 1984. | ["Stevenson P.M."] | ["7102758103"] | 1,984 | 101 | [] | 10.1016/0550-3213(84)90307-9 | Article | English | [{"id": "60019778", "name": "CERN, Geneva, Switzerland", "fullName": "CERN", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Geneva, Switzerland", "departmentId": null}] |
869 | 49,202 | Rotating wave approximation: Systematic expansion and application to coupled spin pairs | European Physical Journal B | We propose a new treatment of the dynamics of a periodically time-dependent Liouvillian by mapping it onto a time-independent problem and give a systematic expansion for its effective Liouvillian. In the case of a two-level system, the lowest order contribution is equivalent to the well-known rotating wave approximation. We extend the formalism to a pair of coupled two-level systems. For this pair, we find two Rabi frequencies and we can give parameter regimes where the leading order of the expansion is suppressed and higher orders become important. These results might help to investigate the interaction of tunneling systems in mixed crystals by providing a tool for the analysis of echo experiments. | ["Thimmel B.", "Nalbach P.", "Terzidis O."] | ["6507309172", "6602974757", "57198794916"] | 1,999 | 25 | ["66.35.+a quantum tunneling of defects", "76.60.Lz spin echoes"] | 10.1007/s100510050758 | Article | English | [{"id": "60016908", "name": "Inst. für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 19, Germany", "fullName": "Inst. für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "69120 Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 19, Germany", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60019615", "name": "Serv. de Phys. de l'Etat Condense, CEA Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France", "fullName": "Serv. de Phys. de l'Etat Condense, CEA Saclay, Orme des Merisiers", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France", "departmentId": null}] |
870 | 49,211 | Constrained Semi-Markov decision processes with average rewards | ZOR Zeitschrift für Operations Research Mathematical Methods of Opeartions Research | This paper deals with constrained average reward Semi-Markov Decision Processes (SMDPs) with finite state and action sets. We consider two average reward criteria. The first criterion is time-average rewards, which equal the lower limits of the expected average rewards per unit time, as the horizon tends to infinity. The second criterion is ratio-average rewards, which equal the lower limits of the ratios of the expected total rewards during the first n steps to the expected total duration of these n steps as n → ∞. For both criteria, we prove the existence of optimal mixed stationary policies for constrained problems when the constraints are of the same nature as the objective functions. For unichain problems, we show the existence of randomized stationary policies which are optimal for both criteria. However, optimal mixed stationary policies may be different for each of these critria even for unichain problems. We provide linear programming algorithms for the computation of optimal policies. © 1994 Physica-Verlag GmbH & Co. | ["Feinberg E.A."] | ["7006435357"] | 1,994 | 68 | ["average reward", "constrained optimization", "Semi-Markov decision process"] | 10.1007/BF01435458 | Article | English | [{"id": "60026415", "name": "W. A. Harriman School for Management and Policy, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, 11794-3775, NY, United States", "fullName": "W. A. Harriman School for Management and Policy, SUNY at Stony Brook", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Stony Brook, 11794-3775, NY, United States", "departmentId": "104339241"}] |
871 | 49,285 | Neutral-to-ground voltage minimization in a pwm-rectifier / inverter configuration | Electric Machines and Power Systems | High frequency common mode voltage produced by power converters are a major cause of conducted EMI, creating motor ground currents, bearing currents and other harmful by-products. In this paper a control algorithm for an induction motor fed by a fully controlled rectifier and inverter is developed to reduce the common mode neutral-to-ground voltage of the induction motor. A bearing current model is used to evaluate the effects on the bearing currents of the double bridge modulation scheme when the new algorithm and conventional algorithms are used. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the benefits of the new PWM approach. © 1998 Taylor & Francis. | ["De Broe A.M.", "Julian A.L.", "Lipo T.A."] | ["8869918200", "7006395703", "35549251600"] | 1,998 | 7 | [] | 10.1080/07313569808955855 | Article | English | [{"id": "60032179", "name": "Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, 1415 Engineering Drive, United States", "fullName": "Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Madison, WI, 53706, 1415 Engineering Drive, United States", "departmentId": "108041499"}] |
872 | 49,435 | Electrothermal Augmentation of a Solid Propellant Launcher | IEEE Transactions on Magnetics | The augmentation of a ballistic process, based on the well known solid propellant burning by an electrothermal (ET) energy source, is the subject of an experimental and theoretical investigation to obtain improved launching techniques. The plasma jet formation method, the internal ballistics modeling approach and the experimental test bed are described. Experimental results are disclosed showing the enhanced burning rate of a solid propellant ignited and augmented by the injection of plasma jets. We also present preliminary experimental evidence of improved performance of the new proposed method over that of conventional ballistics using solid propellant alone. © 1993 IEEE | ["Kaplan Z.", "Saphier D.", "Melnik D.", "Gorelic Z.", "Ashkenazy J.", "Sudai M.", "Kimhe D.", "Melnik M.", "Smith S.", "Juhasz A."] | ["7006040937", "7004549971", "6602095223", "56933392300", "6701389880", "6506239077", "6505899944", "56933348500", "56933336800", "7101843654"] | 1,993 | 15 | [] | 10.1109/20.195639 | Article | English | [{"id": "60003242", "name": "Propulsion Physics Laboratory, Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Yavne 70600, Israel", "fullName": "Propulsion Physics Laboratory, Soreq Nuclear Research Center", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Yavne 70600, Israel", "departmentId": "103215765"}, {"id": "112786049", "name": "US Army - Strategic Defense Command, Huntsville, AL 35807, United States", "fullName": "US Army - Strategic Defense Command", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Huntsville, AL 35807, United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "105235887", "name": "U.S.A. Ballistics Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, United States", "fullName": "U.S.A. Ballistics Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "MD 21005, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
873 | 49,475 | Toward improved and practical incentive regulation | Journal of Regulatory Economics | The first half of this paper overviews traditional methods of ratemaking-embedded and marginal cost pricing-and four recent alternatives-automatic rate adjustments, profit-sharing, tariff menus, and the Vogelsang-Finsinger convergence mechanism-that have come to challenge them. We develop a list of nine desirable properties that are suitable to gauge any regulatory mechanism. In the second half of the paper, we explore in greater detail two recent incentive plans-the FCC's price caps approach and a mechanism that the three authors proposed in a FERC document. Based on the nine properties, these two mechanisms are compared. © 1991 Kluwer Academic Publishers. | ["Brown L.", "Einhorn M.", "Vogelsang I."] | ["55469603000", "7003608301", "56633265900"] | 1,991 | 15 | [] | 10.1007/BF00138472 | Article | English | [{"id": "60012417", "name": "Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC, 20426, 825 North Capitol Street, N.E., United States", "fullName": "Federal Energy Regulatory Commission", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Washington, DC, 20426, 825 North Capitol Street, N.E., United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60000473", "name": "Department of Economics, Rutgers University, Newark, 07102, NJ, United States", "fullName": "Department of Economics, Rutgers University", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Newark, 07102, NJ, United States", "departmentId": "103060994"}, {"id": "60019674", "name": "Department of Economics, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, United States", "fullName": "Department of Economics, Boston University", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "Boston, 02215, MA, United States", "departmentId": "100263382"}] |
874 | 49,481 | The Gr<sup>X</sup><sub>n</sub>/G<sub>n</sub>/∞ system: System size | Queueing Systems: Theory and Applications | An important property of most infinite server systems is that customers are independent of each other once they enter the system. Though this non-interacting property (NIP) has been instrumental in facilitating excellent results for infinite server systems in the past, the utility of this property has not been fully exploited or even fully recognized. This paper exploits the NIP by investigating a general infinite server system with batch arrivals following a Markov renewal input process. The batch sizes and service times depend on the customer types which are regulated by the Markov renewal process. By conditional approaches, analytical results are obtained for the generating functions and binomial moments of both the continuous time system size and pre-arrival system size. These results extend the previous results on infinite server queues significantly. © 1991, J.C. Baltzer A.G. Scientific Publishing Company. All rights reserved. | ["Liu L.", "Templeton J.G.C."] | ["56093079800", "7101820794"] | 1,991 | 13 | ["analytical result", "batch arrival", "customer dependence", "Infinite server", "Markov renewal input"] | 10.1007/BF02412259 | Article | English | [{"id": "60016849", "name": "Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada", "fullName": "Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada", "departmentId": "109476587"}, {"id": "60025761", "name": "College of Economics and Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR, China", "fullName": "College of Economics and Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR, China", "departmentId": "112245942"}] |
875 | 49,494 | Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedures | Journal of Global Optimization | Today, a variety of heuristic approaches are available to the operations research practitioner. One methodology that has a strong intuitive appeal, a prominent empirical track record, and is trivial to efficiently implement on parallel processors is GRASP (Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedures). GRASP is an iterative randomized sampling technique in which each iteration provides a solution to the problem at hand. The incumbent solution over all GRASP iterations is kept as the final result. There are two phases within each GRASP iteration: the first intelligently constructs an initial solution via an adaptive randomized greedy function; the second applies a local search procedure to the constructed solution in hope of finding an improvement. In this paper, we define the various components comprising a GRASP and demonstrate, step by step, how to develop such heuristics for combinatorial optimization problems. Intuitive justifications for the observed empirical behavior of the methodology are discussed. The paper concludes with a brief literature review of GRASP implementations and mentions two industrial applications. © 1995 Kluwer Academic Publishers. | ["Feo T.A.", "Resende M.G.C."] | ["6701504917", "7005936086"] | 1,995 | 1,745 | ["Combinatorial optimization", "computer implementation", "GRASP", "search heuristic"] | 10.1007/BF01096763 | Article | English | [{"id": "60013372", "name": "Operations Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, 78712, TX, United States", "fullName": "Operations Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Austin, 78712, TX, United States", "departmentId": "103697536"}, {"id": "60021378", "name": "Mathematical Sciences Research Center, AT and T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, 07974, NJ, United States", "fullName": "Mathematical Sciences Research Center, AT and T Bell Laboratories", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Murray Hill, 07974, NJ, United States", "departmentId": "117958590"}] |
876 | 49,577 | Cluster expansion for d-dimensional lattice systems and finite-volume factorization properties | Journal of Statistical Physics | We consider classical lattice systems with finite-range interactions in d dimensions. By means of a block-decimation procedure, we transform our original system into a polymer system whose activity is small provided a suitable factorization property of finite-volume partition functions holds. In this way we extend a result of Olivieri. © 1990 Plenum Publishing Corporation. | ["Olivieri E.", "Picco P."] | ["55957776000", "22994535800"] | 1,990 | 21 | ["analyticity", "cluster expansion", "d-dimensional lattice gas", "finite-volume mixing"] | 10.1007/BF01015569 | Article | English | [{"id": "60019417", "name": "Centre de Physique Théorique, Marseille, France", "fullName": "Centre de Physique Théorique", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Marseille, France", "departmentId": null}] |
877 | 49,635 | Exploiting causal independence in bayesian network inference | Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research | A new method is proposed for exploiting causal independencies in exact Bayesian network inference. A Bayesian network can be viewed as representing a factorization of a joint probability into the multiplication of a set of conditional probabilities. We present a notion of causal independence that enables one to further factorize the conditional probabilities into a combination of even smaller factors and consequently obtain a finer-grain factorization of the joint probability. The new formulation of causal independence lets us specify the conditional probability of a variable given its parents in terms of an associative and commutative operator, such as "or", "sum" or "max", on the contribution of each parent. We start with a simple algorithm VE for Bayesian network inference that, given evidence and a query variable, uses the factorization to find the posterior distribution of the query. We show how this algorithm can be extended to exploit causal independence. Empirical studies, based on the CPCS networks for medical diagnosis, show that this method is more efficient than previous methods and allows for inference in larger networks than previous algorithms. | ["Zhang N.L.", "Poole D."] | ["7401648059", "8380392800"] | 1,996 | 262 | [] | 10.1613/jair.305 | Article | English | [{"id": "60008592", "name": "Department of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong", "fullName": "Department of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Hong Kong", "departmentId": "113814643"}, {"id": "60010365", "name": "Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, 2366 Main Mall, Canada", "fullName": "Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, 2366 Main Mall, Canada", "departmentId": "109919925"}] |
878 | 49,730 | Fifth-generation research tools: Collaborative development with PowerLaboratory | Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers | The technology available for behavioral research limits the scope of the field. Yet we cannot expect personal computer manufacturers to be particularly concerned with real-time computing for such a niche market. The current, fourth generation of software tools is "old" technology, unable to take advantage of newer desktop technology like multimedia. Fifth-generation research tools, such as PowerLaboratory, will comprise software and hardware that overcome many of the limitations inherent in the fourth generation's tools. For example, PowerLaboratory's graphical programming interface resolves some of these limitations and also provides an advanced, verifiable, millisecond-accurate research tool that opens the discipline to multimedia as well as traditional stimuli. PowerLaboratory users have the option to create or link up a custom code extension (PLEX), and an Internet site provides for support and peer-reviewed protocol and PLEX publication. The purpose of this site is supporting open collaboration, which is seen as a requirement for advancing the technological capabilities of the discipline. | ["Chute D.L.", "Westall R.F."] | ["7004382119", "6602305301"] | 1,996 | 12 | [] | 10.3758/BF03204788 | Article | English | [{"id": "60014662", "name": "Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States", "fullName": "Drexel University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Philadelphia, PA, United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60014662", "name": "Neuropsychology, 47-110 Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States", "fullName": "Neuropsychology, 47-110 Drexel University", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
879 | 49,740 | Bose-einstein correlations in the lund model | Acta Physica Polonica B | I will present the Lund Model fragmentation in a somewhat different way than what is usually done. It is true that the formulas are derived from (semi-)classical probability arguments, but they can be motivated in a quantum mechanical setting and it is in particular possible to derive a transition matrix element. I will present two scenarios, one based upon Schwinger tunneling and one upon Wilson loop operators. The results will coincide and throw some light upon the sizes of the three main phenomenological parameters which occur in the Lund Model. After that I will show that in this way it is possible to obtain a model for the celebrated Bose-Einstein correlations between two bosons with small relative momenta. This model will exhibit non-trivial two- and three-particle BE correlations, influence the observed ρ-spectrum and finally be different for charged and neutral pion correlations. | ["Andersson B."] | ["36624960700"] | 1,998 | 15 | [] | null | Article | English | [{"id": "60029170", "name": "Department of Theoretical Physics, Lund University, S-223 62 Lund, S̈lvegatan 14A, Sweden", "fullName": "Department of Theoretical Physics, Lund University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "S-223 62 Lund, S̈lvegatan 14A, Sweden", "departmentId": "105209954"}] |
880 | 49,765 | On the cohomology of a class of nilpotent Lie algebras | Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society | Let g denote a finite dimensional nilpotent Lie algebra over ℂ containing an Abelian ideal a of codimension 1, with z ∈ g/a. We give a combinatorial description of the Betti numbers of g in terms of the Jordan decomposition a = ⊕<sub>l=1</sub><sup>t</sup> a<sub>l</sub> induced by ad(z)|<sub>a</sub>. As an application we prove that the filiform-nilpotent Lie algebras arising in the case t = 1 have unimodal Betti numbers. | ["Armstrong G.F.", "Sigg S."] | ["8931232100", "55177163400"] | 1,996 | 14 | [] | 10.1017/s0004972700021936 | Article | English | [{"id": "60006925", "name": "School of Mathematics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vic. 3083, Australia", "fullName": "School of Mathematics, La Trobe University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Melbourne, Vic. 3083, Australia", "departmentId": null}, {"id": null, "name": "D-69226 Nussloch, Barlachstr. 1, Germany", "fullName": null, "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "D-69226 Nussloch, Barlachstr. 1, Germany", "departmentId": null}] |
881 | 49,884 | Stochastic Burgers' equation | Nonlinear Differential Equations and Applications NoDEA | We consider a Burgers' equation perturbed by white noise. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the global solution as well as the existence of an invariant measure for the corresponding transition semigroup. © 1994 Birkhäuser Verlag. | ["Da Prato G.", "Debussche A.", "Temam R."] | ["7005620122", "6701720723", "7005295515"] | 1,994 | 164 | [] | 10.1007/BF01194987 | Article | English | [{"id": "60030674", "name": "Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, 56126, Piazza dei Cavalieri 6, Italy", "fullName": "Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Pisa, 56126, Piazza dei Cavalieri 6, Italy", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60106017", "name": "CNRS et Université Paris Sud, Orsay, 91405, France", "fullName": "CNRS et Université Paris Sud", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Orsay, 91405, France", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60106017", "name": "Université Paris Sud, Orsay, 91405, France", "fullName": "Université Paris Sud", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "Orsay, 91405, France", "departmentId": null}] |
882 | 49,929 | Exploring Unknown Undirected Graphs | Journal of Algorithms | A robot has to construct a complete map of an unknown environment modeled as an undirected connected graph. The task is to explore all nodes and edges of the graph using the minimum number of edge traversals. The penalty of an exploration algorithm running on a graph G = (V(G), E(G)) is the worst-case number of traversals in excess of the lower bound \E(G)\ that it must perform in order to explore the entire graph. We give an exploration algorithm whose penalty is O(|V(G)|) for every graph. We also show that some natural exploration algorithms cannot achieve this efficiency. © 1999 Academic Press. | ["Panaite P.", "Pelc A."] | ["6603308213", "7005663113"] | 1,999 | 124 | [] | 10.1006/jagm.1999.1043 | Article | English | [{"id": "60020288", "name": "Département d'Informatique, Univ. du Québec à Hull, Hull, Que. J8X 3X7, Canada", "fullName": "Département d'Informatique, Univ. du Québec à Hull", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Hull, Que. J8X 3X7, Canada", "departmentId": "100267551"}] |
883 | 49,938 | Chromosome abnormalities in human reproductive wastage | Trends in Genetics | Chromosome abnormalities are the single most important causes of fetal wastage in clinically recognizable human pregnancies. The incidence and variety of errors observed among the aborted fetuses makes them an excellent source of material for studying the etiology of human chromosome abnormalities. © 1986. | ["Hassold T.J."] | ["7005809089"] | 1,986 | 151 | [] | 10.1016/0168-9525(86)90194-0 | Article | English | [{"id": "60007997", "name": "T. J. Hassold is at Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021, United States", "fullName": "T. J. Hassold is at Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cornell University Medical College", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "New York, NY 10021, United States", "departmentId": "105320716"}] |
884 | 50,184 | The expected length of the longest probe sequence for bucket searching when the distribution is not uniform | Journal of Algorithms | We study the expected value of the maximum number of accesses needed to locate an element in a hashing file constructed by using an order-preserving hashing function and with collision resolution by the method of separate chaining. It is assumed that X<sub>1</sub>, ..., X<sub>n</sub> are independent [0,1]-valued random variables with common density f, and that X<sub>i</sub> is hashed to the nX<sub>i</sub> + 1st bucket (chain). For all densities that are bounded, the expected value of the maximum number of accesses is shown to be asymptotic to log n log log n, and the dependency of this expected value on f is made explicit by exhibiting the first few terms in the asymptotic expansion. For unbounded f, a tight upper bound is given for the expected value. © 1985. | ["Devroye L."] | ["7005897168"] | 1,985 | 14 | [] | 10.1016/0196-6774(85)90015-X | Article | English | [{"id": "60002494", "name": "School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2K6, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Canada", "fullName": "School of Computer Science, McGill University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Montreal, H3A 2K6, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Canada", "departmentId": "105173945"}] |
885 | 50,198 | Uniform and universal Glivenko-Cantelli classes | Journal of Theoretical Probability | A class {Mathematical expression} of measurable functions on a probability space is called a Glivenko-Cantelli class if the empirical measures P<sub>n</sub> converge to the true P uniformly over {Mathematical expression} almost surely. {Mathematical expression} is a universal Glivenko-Cantelli class if it is a Glivenko-Cantelli Cantelli class for all laws P on a measurable space, and a uniform Glivenko-Cantelli class if the convergence is also uniform in P. We give general sufficient conditions for the Glivenko-Cantelli and universal Glivenko-Cantelli properties and examples to show that some stronger conditions are not necessary. The uniform Glivenko-Cantelli property is characterized, under measurability assumptions, by an entropy condition. © 1991 Plenum Publishing Corporation. | ["Dudley R.M.", "Giné E.", "Zinn J."] | ["7102777411", "6701325678", "7005772059"] | 1,991 | 48 | ["Laws of large numbers", "Vapnik-Červonenkis classes"] | 10.1007/BF01210321 | Article | English | [{"id": "60022195", "name": "Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, Massachusetts, United States", "fullName": "Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Cambridge, 02139, Massachusetts, United States", "departmentId": "100247158"}, {"id": "60022659", "name": "Department of Mathematics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269-3009, Connecticut, United States", "fullName": "Department of Mathematics, University of Connecticut", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Storrs, 06269-3009, Connecticut, United States", "departmentId": "104153849"}, {"id": "60020547", "name": "Department of Mathematics, Texas A and M University, College Station, 77843, Texas, United States", "fullName": "Department of Mathematics, Texas A and M University", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "College Station, 77843, Texas, United States", "departmentId": "104042097"}] |
886 | 50,388 | Quantum mechanics of a twisted superparticle | Nuclear Physics, Section B | This paper is devoted to the quantization of the ten-dimensional superparticle in the formulation, due to Siegel, in which the local fermionic symmetry is implemented using explicit gauge fields and in which momentum coordinates conjugate to the fermionic superspace coordinates are introduced. Here, a truncation of the complete N = 1 superparticle is considered (the complete superparticle is analysed in a separate paper). This "truncated model" (which was the first modified superparticle considered by Siegel) is shown to be invariant under a "twisted" N = 2 space-time supersymmetry, and a light-cone gauge analysis shows that the physical spectrum is a representation of this algebra which includes negative norm states. The Batalin-Vilkovisky method is used to covariantly quantize the system in two ways, one with an infinite number of ghost fields and one with only a finite number. In both cases, the BRST cohomology is analysed in detail. Our results illustrate certain general features: (i) In a formulation with gauge fields for the fermionic symmetries the invariance can be fixed by imposing gauge conditions on the gauge fields. This results in a free quantum action, without the need for the problematic field redefinitions that arise in earlier formulations in which gauge conditions are imposed on the spinorial coordinates. (ii) There is an interesting pattern for the infinite number of ghost-for-ghosts, which naturally divide into two sets. The first is an infinite sequence of gauge fields while the second is a set of ghosts for the corresponding sequence of gauge invariances. (iii) The infinite set of quantum fields packages into simple infinite-dimensional spinor representations of the supergroup OSp(9, 1 | 2). The cohomology classes are particularly easy to describe in terms of OSp(9, 1 | 2) spinor notation. © 1990. | ["Green M.B.", "Hull C.M."] | ["7406237287", "35605401900"] | 1,990 | 22 | [] | 10.1016/0550-3213(90)90686-8 | Article | English | [{"id": "60022109", "name": "Physics Department, Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, E1 4NS, Mile End Road, United Kingdom", "fullName": "Physics Department, Queen Mary and Westfield College", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "London, E1 4NS, Mile End Road, United Kingdom", "departmentId": "100276391"}] |
887 | 50,435 | The future in forecasting: Prospective presidential models | American Politics Research | Presidential election forecasting models may miss the mark, sometimes grossly, as the 1992 contest demonstrated. The reason for this, we argue, is specification error. The models include irrelevant variables and exclude relevant ones. In particular, prospective voting variables have been ignored. When prospective economic and political evaluations are added, alongside traditional retrospective evaluations, forecasting quality improves sharply. These full-time forecasting models that tap voter orientations toward the future, as well as toward the past, promise long-run accuracy gains. | ["Lewis-Beck M.S.", "Tien C."] | ["6701341905", "7202349484"] | 1,996 | 37 | [] | 10.1177/1532673X9602400405 | Article | English | [{"id": "60024324", "name": "University of Iowa", "fullName": "University of Iowa", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": null, "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60024324", "name": "Department of Political Science, University of Iowa", "fullName": "Department of Political Science, University of Iowa", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": null, "departmentId": "104226858"}] |
888 | 50,463 | Solubilization in micellar systems. Analytical and environmental applications | Pure and Applied Chemistry | Surfactant-based separation techniques largely exploit the solubilization power of micelles and other amphiphilic aggregates towards a great variety of hydrophilic and hydrophobic solutes. Micellar extraction, based on the cloud-point phenomenon, and micellar ultrafiltration have been succesfully applied for preconcentration and removal of organic and inorganic analytes of environmental concern from aqueous media. In particular, the recent development of chelating surfactant aggregates allows to perform very selective demetallation treatments. The factors which control the separation efficiencies of these methods are examined and discussed. © 1995 IUPAC | ["Pramauro E.", "Prevot A.B."] | ["7003763932", "7006387256"] | 1,995 | 81 | [] | 10.1351/pac199567040551 | Article | English | [{"id": "60012259", "name": "Dipartimento di Chimica Analitica, Università di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy", "fullName": "Dipartimento di Chimica Analitica, Università di Torino", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "10125 Torino, Italy", "departmentId": "103645255"}] |
889 | 50,475 | Processing of interferometric phase maps as complex-valued phasor images | Applied Optics | Phase and amplitude information obtained from phase-shifting interferometry may be combined, to be a complex-valued phasor for every pixel of the image. Phasor image processing is presented as a simple yet effective concept for filtering, visualization, masking, and unwrapping interferometric phase maps. The results from two electronic speckle pattern interferometry data sets illustrate the new method. © 1996 Optical Society of America. | ["Ströbel B."] | ["35779097000"] | 1,996 | 69 | ["Electronic speckle pattern interferometry", "Phase unwrapping", "Phase-shifting interferometry", "Phasor image processing"] | 10.1364/AO.35.002192 | Article | English | [{"id": "101214321", "name": "Fachbereich MN, Fachhochschule Darmstadt, Darmstadt, D-64295, Haardtring 100, Germany", "fullName": "Fachbereich MN, Fachhochschule Darmstadt", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Darmstadt, D-64295, Haardtring 100, Germany", "departmentId": null}] |
890 | 50,514 | INLR, Implicit non-linear latent variable regression | Journal of Chemometrics | A simple way to develop non-linear PLS models is presented, INLR (implicit non-linear latent variable regression). The paper shows that by simply added squared x-variables X<sub>a'</sub><sup>2</sup> both the square and cross terms of the latent variables are implicitly included in the resulting PLS model. This approach works when X itself is well modelled by a projection model T*P<sup>T</sup>. Hence, if a latent structure is present in X, it is not necessary to include the cross terms of the X-variables in the polynomial expansion. Analogously, with cubic non-linearities, expanding X with cubic terms X<sub>a</sub><sup>3</sup> is sufficient. INLR is attractive in that all essential features of PLS are preserved i.e. (a) it can handle many noisy and collinear variables, (b) it is stable and gives reliable results and (c) all PLS plots and diagnostics still apply. The principles of INLR are outlined and illustrated with three chemical examples where INLR improved the modelling and predictions compared with ordinary linear PLS. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | ["Berglund A.", "Wold S."] | ["57248701100", "7005373394"] | 1,997 | 0 | ["Latent variables", "Multivariable calibration", "Non-linear regression", "Partial least squares projections to latent structures"] | 10.1002/(SICI)1099-128X(199703)11:2<141::AID-CEM461>3.0.CO;2-2 | Article | English | [{"id": "60031040", "name": "Research Group for Chemometrics, Department of Organic Chemistry, Umeå University, S-901 87, Sweden", "fullName": "Research Group for Chemometrics, Department of Organic Chemistry, Umeå University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "S-901 87, Sweden", "departmentId": "108394244"}] |
891 | 50,516 | A new method of current-based condition monitoring in induction machines operating under arbitrary load conditions | Electric Machines and Power Systems | Fault conditions in induction machines such as eccentric air gaps and broken rotor bars result in harmonics in the stator current of the motor which can be used to monitor the health of the machine. However, variations in the load torque at multiples of rotational speed typically have the same effect on the motor current spectrum. When monitoring a single phase of the stator current, this load effect can prevent the detection of a fault condition by producing current components that obscure those harmonics related to the condition of the machine. This paper presents a new method for removing the load effects from the monitored quantity of the machine. This is accomplished by comparing the actual stator current to a model reference value which includes the load effect Simulation results illustrating the effects on the spectrum of the monitored quantity are given for both constant and eccentric air gaps when in the presence of an oscillating load. © 1997 Taylor & Francis. | ["Schoen R.R.", "Habetler T.G."] | ["7102066761", "7004451214"] | 1,997 | 26 | [] | 10.1080/07313569708955729 | Article | English | [{"id": "100405186", "name": "The Louis Allis Co, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2020, P.O. Box 2020, United States", "fullName": "The Louis Allis Co", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Milwaukee, WI, 53201-2020, P.O. Box 2020, United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60019647", "name": "Georgia institute of Technology, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0250, United States", "fullName": "Georgia institute of Technology, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Atlanta, GA, 30332-0250, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
892 | 50,574 | An application of information theory and error-correcting codes to fractional factorial experiments | Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference | The objective of design of experiments (DOE) is addressed by introducing an information optimality criterion, which is based on concepts adopted from information theory. In particular, experiments are specified to maximize the information in the system responses about estimators of the system parameters. It is shown that one has to maintain certain resolution of the design matrix to maximize the information, obtainable by a design, about a system described by a linear model with interactions. The correspondence between error-correcting codes and fractional factorial experiments provides a method to attain the required resolution with a smaller fractional factorial experiment by increasing the number of levels associated with each factor - a result that in the context of experimental design seems counterintuitive. In particular, the Gilbert-Varshamov and the Singleton bounds are employed to obtain bounds on the size of the fractional experiment. Analytical approximations and numerical results are given and illustrated by examples. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. | ["Ben-Gal I.", "Levitin L.B."] | ["6602116787", "7004141491"] | 2,001 | 5 | ["62B10", "62K15", "Coding theory", "Design of experiments", "H -optimal designs", "Information in experiments"] | 10.1016/S0378-3758(00)00165-8 | Article | English | [{"id": "60005681", "name": "Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel", "fullName": "Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel-Aviv University", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel", "departmentId": "103328185"}, {"id": "60019674", "name": "Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng., Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, 8 St. Mary's Street, United States", "fullName": "Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng., Boston University", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Boston, MA 02215, 8 St. Mary's Street, United States", "departmentId": "100263377"}] |
893 | 50,596 | Laser dye impregnation of oxidized porous silicon on silicon wafers | Applied Physics Letters | Electrochemically etched silicon wafers can be utilized as transparent host matrices for a variety of luminescent media. Highly efficient (≳1%) photoluminescence across the entire visible range is demonstrated here using organic-dye-activated porous glass layers on Si wafers. Coumarin, xanthene, and oxazine dyes are used to obtain blue, green, yellow, and red emission at room temperature. Photopumped tunable lasers that can be integrated with silicon circuitry should be attainable with this approach. | ["Canham L.T."] | ["7007131812"] | 1,993 | 85 | [] | 10.1063/1.110035 | Article | English | [{"id": "60026242", "name": "Defence Research Agency, Malvern, Worcestershire WR14 3PS, St. Andrews Road, United Kingdom", "fullName": "Defence Research Agency", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Malvern, Worcestershire WR14 3PS, St. Andrews Road, United Kingdom", "departmentId": null}] |
894 | 50,663 | An Approximation Algorithm for Alignment of Multiple Sequences using Motif Discovery | Journal of Combinatorial Optimization | Given a set of N sequence, the Multiple Sequence Alignment problem is to align these N sequences, possibly with gaps, that brings out the best commonality of the N sequences. The quality of the alignment is usually measured by penalizing the mis-matches and gaps, and rewarding the matches with appropriate weight functions. However for larger values of N, additional constraints are required to give meaningful alignments. We identify a user-controlled parameter, an alignment number K (2 ≤ K ≤ N): this additional requirement constrains the alignment to have at least K sequences agree on a character, whenever possible, in the alignment. We identify a natural optimization problem for this approach called the K-MSA problem. We show that the problem is MAX SNP hard. We give a natural extension of this problem that incorporates "biological relevance" by using motifs (common patterns in the sequences) and give an approximation algorithm for this problem in terms of the motifs in the data. MUSCA is an implementation of this approach and our experimental results indicate that this approach is efficient, particularly on large numbers of long sequences, and gives good alignments when tested on biological data such as DNA and protein sequences. | ["Parida L.", "Floratos A.", "Rigoutsos I."] | ["6701798270", "6602572764", "7004361944"] | 1,999 | 0 | ["Alignment number", "Approximate algorithm", "MAX SNP hard", "Motif discovery", "Multiple sequence alignment", "Protein sequences", "Set covering problem"] | 10.1023/a:1009841927822 | Article | English | [{"id": "60009343", "name": "Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, P.O. Box 704, United States", "fullName": "Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, P.O. Box 704, United States", "departmentId": "103900637"}] |
895 | 50,681 | Renormalizing the effective potential for spontaneously broken gφ<sup>4</sup> field theory | Nuclear Physics, Section B | We determine the renormalized effective potential V[φ] for φ<sup>4</sup> field theory when there is spontaneous symmetry breakdown. We show how to obtain an expression for V[φ] which at the one-loop level is real and convex by summing over all the minima at finite volume of the classical action with euclidean lagrangian given by 1 2(∂<sub>μ</sub>φ)<sup>2</sup>+ 1 4g(φ<sup>2</sup>-a<sup>2</sup>)<sup>2</sup>-jφ. Our method of determining Z[j] cures the two diseases of the "naive" one-loop effective potential of being complex and non-convex. We give a new prescription for renormalization which is consistent with our calculational procedure. © 1984. | ["Cooper F.", "Freedman B."] | ["7005690812", "22997128700"] | 1,984 | 23 | [] | 10.1016/0550-3213(84)90258-X | Article | English | [{"id": "60006164", "name": "Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States", "fullName": "Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60000745", "name": "Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Champagne- Urbana, IL, United States", "fullName": "Department of Physics, University of Illinois", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Champagne- Urbana, IL, United States", "departmentId": "112814510"}] |
896 | 50,727 | Parameter degeneracy in models of the quadruple lens system Q2237+0305 | Astronomical Journal | The geometry of the quadruple lens system Q2237+0305 is modeled with a simple astigmatic lens: a power-law mass distribution: m ∼ r<sup>β</sup> with an external shear γ. The image positions can be reproduced with an accuracy better than 0.01 arcsec for any 0.0=≤β≤1.85 and the corresponding value of γ=0.1385-0.0689β. This is a factor of ∼4 more precise than what can be achieved by the best constant script M sign/L lens models [Rix et al., AJ, 104, 959 (1992)]. The image intensity ratios and the time delay ratios are almost constant along our one parameter family of models, but the total magnification varies from 8 to > 1000, and the maximum time delay (between leading image B and trailing image C) for H<sub>0</sub> of 75 km s<sup>-1</sup> Mpc<sup>-1</sup> varies from more than 20 h to about 1.5 h, while β increases from 0.0 to 1.85. | ["Wambsganss J.", "Paczyński B."] | ["55943970400", "7006739107"] | 1,994 | 87 | [] | 10.1086/117144 | Article | English | [{"id": "60023091", "name": "Max-Planck-Inst. fur Astrophysik, 85740 Garching, Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 1, Germany", "fullName": "Max-Planck-Inst. fur Astrophysik", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "85740 Garching, Karl-Schwarzschildstr. 1, Germany", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60021223", "name": "Princeton University Observatory, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States", "fullName": "Princeton University Observatory, Peyton Hall", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Princeton, NJ 08544, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
897 | 50,749 | Adaptive, high bandwidth control of a hydraulic actuator | Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control, Transactions of the ASME | Hydraulic servovalve controlled systems contain many time-varying dynamic characteristics that are difficult to model. Controllers for such systems must either adapt to these changing parameters or be robust enough to handle the parameter variations. In order to achieve the highest possible bandwidth, an adaptive controller is developed for the system that uses full-state feedback for simultaneous parameter identification and tracking control. This controller takes into account the hydraulicfluid compressibility with an on-line identification scheme. Experimental results demonstrate a four fold improvement in bandwidth as compared to a conventional fixed gain proportional controller. © 1996 ASME. | ["Bobrow J.E.", "Lum K."] | ["7006864234", "36795120100"] | 1,996 | 73 | [] | 10.1115/1.2802347 | Article | English | [{"id": "60007278", "name": "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92717, United States", "fullName": "Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Irvine, CA, 92717, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
898 | 50,888 | Auslander-Reiten theory via Brown representability | K-Theory | We develop an Auslander-Reiten theory for triangulated categories which is based on Brown's representability theorem. | ["Krause H."] | ["7202403535"] | 2,000 | 30 | ["Auslander-Reiten theory", "Auslander-Reiten triangle", "Brown representability", "Pure injectivity"] | 10.1023/A:1026571214620 | Article | English | [{"id": "60015595", "name": "Fakultät für Mathematik, Universität Bielefeld, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany", "fullName": "Fakultät für Mathematik, Universität Bielefeld", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "33501 Bielefeld, Germany", "departmentId": "103806900"}] |
899 | 50,915 | Magnetohydrodynamic stability of tokamak edge plasmas | Physics of Plasmas | A new formalism for analyzing the magnetohydrodynamic stability of a limiter tokamak edge plasma is developed. Two radially localized, high toroidal mode number n instabilities are studied in detail: a peeling mode and an edge ballooning mode. The peeling mode, driven by edge current density and stabilized by edge pressure gradient, has features which are consistent with several properties of tokamak behavior in the high confinement "H" -mode of operation, and edge localized modes (or ELMs) in particular. The edge ballooning mode, driven by the pressure gradient, is identified; this penetrates ∼ n<sup>1/3</sup> rational surfaces into the plasma (rather than ∼n<sup>1/2</sup>, expected from conventional ballooning mode theory). Furthermore, there exists a coupling between these two modes and this coupling provides a picture of the ELM cycle. | ["Connor J.W.", "Hastie R.J.", "Wilson H.R.", "Miller R.L."] | ["7401851938", "7005978103", "7402689988", "55687107200"] | 1,998 | 356 | [] | 10.1063/1.872956 | Article | English | [{"id": "60008662", "name": "UKAEA Fusion, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom", "fullName": "UKAEA Fusion, Culham Science Centre", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60013901", "name": "General Atomics, San Diego, CA 92186-5608, United States", "fullName": "General Atomics", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "San Diego, CA 92186-5608, United States", "departmentId": null}] |
900 | 50,981 | Challenges in stochastic programming | Mathematical Programming, Series B | Remarkable progress has been made in the development of algorithmic procedures and the availability of software for stochastic programming problems. However, some fundamental questions have remained unexplored. This paper identifies the more challenging open questions in the field of stochastic programming. Some are purely technical in nature, but many also go to the foundations of designing models for decision making under uncertainty. | ["Wets R.J.-B."] | ["6701542719"] | 1,996 | 30 | ["Chance-constraints", "Decisions under uncertainty", "Distribution problem", "Markowitz portfolio model", "Probabilistic constraints", "Stochastic programming"] | 10.1007/BF02592149 | Article | English | [{"id": "60014439", "name": "Department of Mathematics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States", "fullName": "Department of Mathematics, University of California", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Davis, CA 95616, United States", "departmentId": "112362581"}] |
901 | 51,274 | Improving the efficiency of a digital filtering scheme for diabatic initialization | Monthly Weather Review | A method of diabatic initialization is described in which a nonrecursive digital filter is applied to both the backward (adiabatic) and forward (diabatic) steps. It has clear advantages over previously proposed schemes: the initialization requires significantly less computation time and the resulting changes in the analyzed fields are consistently smaller. Despite these smaller increments, the suppression of spurious high-frequency noise is at least as effective as for the earlier schemes. | ["Lynch P.", "Giard D.", "Ivanovici V."] | ["57203088316", "6603914126", "57203348777"] | 1,997 | 45 | [] | 10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<1976:ITEOAD>2.0.CO;2 | Article | English | [{"id": "60018560", "name": "Met Éireann, Dublin, Ireland", "fullName": "Met Éireann", "reference": "a", "fullAddress": "Dublin, Ireland", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60028770", "name": "CNRM, GMAP, Meteo-France, Toulouse, France", "fullName": "CNRM, GMAP, Meteo-France", "reference": "b", "fullAddress": "Toulouse, France", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60061993", "name": "Romanian Inst. Meteorol. and Hydrol., Bucharest, Romania", "fullName": "Romanian Inst. Meteorol. and Hydrol.", "reference": "c", "fullAddress": "Bucharest, Romania", "departmentId": null}, {"id": "60018560", "name": "Met Éireann, Dublin 9, Ireland", "fullName": "Met Éireann", "reference": "d", "fullAddress": "Dublin 9, Ireland", "departmentId": null}] |
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