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Legal properties involve reasoning about data values and time. Metric first-order temporal logic (MFOTL) provides a rich formalism for specifying legal properties.
Microservices architectures have become largely popular in the last years. However, we still lack empirical evidence about the use of microservices and the practices followed by practitioners.
Natural language is robust against noise. The meaning of many sentences survives the loss of words, sometimes many of them.
Software developers often submit questions to technical Q&A sites like Stack Overflow (SO) to resolve code-level problems. In practice, they include example code snippets with questions to explain the programming issues.
UCMs (Use Case Maps) model describes functional requirements and high-level designs with causal paths superimposed on a structure of components. It could provide useful resources for software acceptance testing.
Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress in code generation, they still struggle with code generation tasks in specific scenarios. These scenarios usually necessitate the adaptation of LLMs to fulfill specific needs, but the limited training samples available in practice lead to poor code g...
Performance is a critical quality attribute in software development, yet the impact of method-level code changes on performance evolution remains poorly understood. While developers often make intuitive assumptions about which types of modifications are likely to cause performance regressions or improvements, these be...
Formal methods for verification of programs are extended to testing of programs. Their combination is intended to lead to benefits in reliable program development, testing, and evolution.
Oracle quantum programs are a fundamental class of quantum programs that serve as a critical bridge between quantum computing and classical computing. Many important quantum algorithms are built upon oracle quantum programs, making it essential to ensure their correctness during development.
Nowadays, software has become a complex piece of work that may be beyond our control. Understanding how software evolves over time plays an important role in controlling software development processes.
The automatic composition of web services refers to how services can be used in a complex and aggregate manner, to serve a specific and known functionality. Given a list of services described by the input and output parameters, and a request of a similar structure: the initially known and required parameters; a soluti...
Success in Open Source Software (OSS) is often perceived as an exclusively code-centric endeavor. This perception can exclude a variety of individuals with a diverse set of skills and backgrounds, in turn helping create the current diversity & inclusion imbalance in OSS.
User experience of mobile apps is an essential ingredient that can influence the audience volumes and app revenue. To ensure good user experience and assist app development, several prior studies resort to analysis of app reviews, a type of app repository that directly reflects user opinions about the apps.
Studies show that software developers' happiness pays off when it comes to productivity.
Quantum systems have started to emerge as a disruptive technology and enabling platforms - exploiting the principles of quantum mechanics - to achieve quantum supremacy in computing. Academic research, industrial projects (e.g., Amazon Braket), and consortiums like 'Quantum Flagship' are striving to develop pr...
Code is seldom written in a single left-to-right pass and is instead repeatedly edited and refined. We introduce InCoder, a unified generative model that can perform program synthesis (via left-to-right generation) as well as editing (via infilling).
In this paper, we present ApacheJIT, a large dataset for Just-In-Time defect prediction. ApacheJIT consists of clean and bug-inducing software changes in popular Apache projects.
Large language models (LLMs) are leading significant progress in code generation. Beyond one-pass code generation, recent works further integrate unit tests and program verifiers into LLMs to iteratively refine the generated programs.
We give a brief characterisation of the purposes and forms of documentation in and of spreadsheets.
This paper presents an overview of the verification framework ALICE in its current version 0.7. It is based on the generic theorem prover Isabelle [Pau03a].
Past studies have illustrated the prevalence of UI dark patterns, or user interfaces that can lead end-users toward (unknowingly) taking actions that they may not have intended. Such deceptive UI designs can result in adverse effects on end users, such as oversharing personal information or financial loss.
Although the concept of software diversity has been thoroughly adopted by software architects for many years, yet the advent of using diversity to achieve sustainability is overlooked. We argue that option thinking is an effective decision making tool to evaluate the trade-offs between architectural strategies and the...
IT Governance systems are increasingly required to keep todays organizations functioning. IT Governance requires a holistic system of interacting components, including processes, organizational structures, information, and others.
Linux kernel stable versions serve the needs of users who value stability of the kernel over new features. The quality of such stable versions depends on the initiative of kernel developers and maintainers to propagate bug fixing patches to the stable versions.
The requirements engineering (RE) phase is pivotal in developing high-quality software. Integrating advanced modelling techniques with large language models (LLMs) and formal verification in a logical style can significantly enhance this process.
The exceptional capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have substantially accelerated the rapid rise and widespread adoption of agents. Recent studies have demonstrated that generating Python code to consolidate LLM-based agents' actions into a unified action space (CodeAct) is a promising approach for devel...
Third-party libraries are a central building block to develop software systems. However, outdated third-party libraries are commonly used, and developers are usually less aware of the potential risks.
Continuous Integration (CI) is a development practice where developers frequently integrate code into a common codebase. After the code is integrated, the CI server runs a test suite and other tools to produce a set of reports (e.g., output of linters and tests).
Current models for software components have made component-based software engineering practical. However, these models are limited in the sense that their support for the characterization/specification of design components primarily deals with syntactic issues.
Communication is essential in software engineering. Especially in distributed open-source teams, communication needs to be supported by channels including mailing lists, forums, issue trackers, and chat systems.
Software-intensive Systems-of-Systems (SoS) refer to an arrangement of managerially and operationally independent systems(i.e., constituent systems), which work collaboratively towards the achievement of global missions. Because some SoS are developed for critical domains, such as healthcare and transportation, there ...
Many organizations aspire to adopt agile processes to take advantage of the numerous benefits that it offers to an organization. Those benefits include, but are not limited to, quicker return on investment, better software quality, and higher customer satisfaction.
MLIR (Multi-Level Intermediate Representation) compiler infrastructure provides an efficient framework for introducing a new abstraction level for programming languages and domain-specific languages. It has attracted widespread attention in recent years and has been applied in various domains, such as deep learning co...
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive abilities in recent years with regards to code generation and understanding. However, little work has investigated how documentation and other code properties affect an LLM's ability to understand and generate code or documentation.
Reliability of build outcomes is a cornerstone of effective Continuous Integration (CI). Yet in practice, developers often struggle with non-deterministic issues in the code or CI infrastructure, which undermine trust in build results.
Certainly, the success of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as the de facto standard for modeling software systems does not imply closing the door on scientific exploration or experimentation with modeling in the field. Continuing studies in this area can produce theoretical results that strengthen UML as the leadin...
This paper presents a coverage-guided grammar-based fuzzing technique for automatically generating a corpus of concise test inputs for programs such as compilers. We walk-through a case study of a compiler designed for education and the corresponding problem of generating meaningful test cases to provide to students.
Modern research in the sciences, engineering, humanities, and other fields depends on software, and specifically, research software. Much of this research software is developed in universities, by faculty, postdocs, students, and staff.
Past research has examined how well these models grasp code syntax, yet their understanding of code semantics still needs to be explored. We extensively analyze seven code models to investigate how code models represent code syntax and semantics.
This work is devoted to constraint solving motivated by the debugging of constraint logic programs a la GNU-Prolog. The paper focuses only on the constraints.
Recently, requirements for the explainability of software systems have gained prominence. One of the primary motivators for such requirements is that explainability is expected to facilitate stakeholders' trust in a system.
In modern software ecosystems, dependency management plays a critical role in ensuring secure and maintainable applications. However, understanding the relationship between release practices and their impact on vulnerabilities and update cycles remains a challenge.
The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and the significant growth in the use of food consumption tracking and recommendation-related apps in the app stores have created a need for an evaluation system, as minimal information is available about the evidence-based quality and technological advancement of these a...
Integrating the design and creation of fault identification and diagnostic capabilities into Model-Driven Development methodologies is one approach to enhancing the resilience of Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems. We present a Fault Diagnostic Engine designed to recognise and diagnose faults in IEC 61499 Function Bloc...
Block-based programming environments like Scratch are widely used in introductory programming courses. They facilitate learning pivotal programming concepts by eliminating syntactical errors, but logical errors that break the desired program behaviour are nevertheless possible.
Modern computing platforms are highly-configurable with thousands of interacting configurations. However, configuring these systems is challenging.
In this work, we present a benchmark that consists of Jupyter notebooks development trajectories and allows measuring how large language models (LLMs) can leverage runtime information for predicting code output and code generation. We demonstrate that the current generation of LLMs performs poorly on these tasks and a...
Researchers and engineers are increasingly adopting cloud-native technologies for application development and performance evaluation. While this has improved the reproducibility of benchmarks in the cloud, the complexity of cloud-native environments makes it difficult to run benchmarks reliably.
Programmers often seek help from Q\&A websites to resolve issues they encounter during programming. Stack Overflow has been a widely used platform for this purpose for over a decade.
Automated Driving Systems (ADS) have made great achievements in recent years thanks to the efforts from both academia and industry. A typical ADS is composed of multiple modules, including sensing, perception, planning, and control, which brings together the latest advances in different domains.
Process modeling is a suitable tool for improving the business processes. Successful process modeling strongly depends on correct requirements engineering.
With the increasing utilization of large language models such as ChatGPT during software development, it has become crucial to verify the quality of code content it generates. Recent studies proposed utilizing ChatGPT as both a developer and tester for multi-agent collaborative software development.
This work is an introduction to the author's contributions to the SOC area, resulting from his PhD research activity. It focuses on the problem of automatically composing a desired service, given a set of available ones and a target specification.
Deep Learning (DL)-based methods have proven to be effective for software vulnerability detection, with a potential for substantial productivity enhancements for detecting vulnerabilities. Current methods mainly focus on detecting single functions (i.e., intra-procedural vulnerabilities), ignoring the more complex int...
Software developers often struggle to update APIs, leading to manual, time-consuming, and error-prone processes. We introduce MELT, a new approach that generates lightweight API migration rules directly from pull requests in popular library repositories.
Writing logging messages is a well-established conventional programming practice, and it is of vital importance for a wide variety of software development activities. The logging mechanism in Solidity programming is enabled by the high-level event feature, but up to now there lacks study for understanding Solidity eve...
The integration of medical devices in the patient treatment process becomes increasingly important due to the efficiency of the technology. On the one hand, medical devices hardware is more powerful and its integration with the software platforms is improved.
Our work is at the crossroads of two categories of technologies. On the one hand, omnichannel digit services, to address the needs of users in the most seamless way.
The present paper introduces the open-source Java Event Tracer (JETracer) framework for real-time tracing of GUI events within applications based on the AWT, Swing or SWT graphical toolkits. Our framework provides a common event model for supported toolkits, the possibility of receiving GUI events in real-time, good p...
Developer forums are one of the most popular and useful Q&A websites on API usages. The analysis of API forums can be a critical resource for the automated question and answer approaches.
The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to the widespread deployment of LLM-based systems across diverse domains. As these systems proliferate, understanding the risks associated with their complex supply chains is increasingly important.
All software development processes include steps where several alternatives induce a choice, a decision-making. Sometimes, methodologies offer a way to make decisions.
AI agents are systems capable of perceiving their environment, autonomously planning and executing tasks. Recent advancements in LLM have introduced a transformative paradigm for AI agents, enabling them to interact with external resources and tools through prompts.
An increasing number of software companies have already realized the importance of storing project-related data as valuable sources of information for training prediction models. Such kind of modeling opens the door for the implementation of tailored strategies to increase the accuracy in effort estimation of whole te...
Search-based approaches have been used in the literature to automate the process of creating unit test cases. However, related work has shown that generated unit-tests with high code coverage could be ineffective, i.e., they may not detect all faults or kill all injected mutants.
RADICAL-Cybertools (RCT) are a set of software systems that serve as middleware to develop efficient and effective tools for scientific computing. Specifically, RCT enable executing many-task applications at extreme scale and on a variety of computing infrastructures.
Program slicing reduces a program to a smaller version that retains a chosen computation, referred to as a slicing criterion. One recent multi-lingual slicing approach, observation-based slicing (ORBS), speculatively deletes parts of the program and then executes the code.
Large language models (LLM) have proven to be effective at automated program repair (APR). However, using LLMs can be costly, with companies invoicing users by the number of tokens.
Transformers have gained popularity in the software engineering (SE) literature. These deep learning models are usually pre-trained through a self-supervised objective, meant to provide the model with basic knowledge about a language of interest (e.g., Java).
Kansei Engineering (KE) is a user-centered design approach that emphasizes the emotional aspects of user experience. This paper explores the integration of KE in the case of a transportation company that focuses on connecting cargo owners with transportation providers.
Many studies have developed Machine Learning (ML) approaches to detect Software Vulnerabilities (SVs) in functions and fine-grained code statements that cause such SVs. However, there is little work on leveraging such detection outputs for data-driven SV assessment to give information about exploitability, impact, and...
Industry in all sectors is experiencing a profound digital transformation that puts software at the core of their businesses. In order to react to continuously changing user requirements and dynamic markets, companies need to build robust workflows that allow them to increase their agility in order to remain competiti...
High-quality requirements minimize the risk of propagating defects to later stages of the software development life cycle. Achieving a sufficient level of quality is a major goal of requirements engineering.
Test case maintainability is an important concern, especially in open source and distributed development environments where projects typically have high contributor turnover with varying backgrounds and experience, and where code ownership changes often. Similar to design patterns, patterns for unit testing promote ma...
Reusing and integrating Business Components in a new Information System requires detection and resolution of semantic conflicts. Moreover, most of integration and semantic conflict resolution systems rely on ontology alignment methods based on domain ontology.
UI automation is a useful technique for UI testing, bug reproduction, and robotic process automation. Recording user actions with an application assists rapid development of UI automation scripts, but existing recording techniques are intrusive, rely on OS or GUI framework accessibility support, or assume specific app...
Pythonic code is idiomatic code that follows guiding principles and practices within the Python community. Offering performance and readability benefits, Pythonic code is claimed to be widely adopted by experienced Python developers, but can be a learning curve to novice programmers.
The development of modern NLP applications often relies on various benchmark datasets containing plenty of manually labeled tests to evaluate performance. While constructing datasets often costs many resources, the performance on the held-out data may not properly reflect their capability in real-world application sce...
In the process of software evolution, developers often sacrifice the long-term code quality to satisfy the short-term goals due to specific reasons, which is called technical debt. In particular, self-admitted technical debt (SATD) refers to those that were intentionally introduced and remarked by code comments.
The need to update the calibration of Function Point (FP) complexity weights is discussed, whose aims are to fit specific software application, to reflect software industry trend, and to improve cost estimation. Neuro-Fuzzy is a technique that incorporates the learning ability from neural network and the ability to ca...
In modern Web technology, JavaScript (JS) code plays an important role. To avoid the exposure of original source code, the variable names in JS code deployed in the wild are often replaced by short, meaningless names, thus making the code extremely difficult to manually understand and analysis.
The current state of nuclear fuel cycle simulation exists in highly customized form. Satisfying a wide range of users requires model modularity within such a tool.
A natural method to evaluate the effectiveness of a testing technique is to measure the defect detection rate when applying the created test cases. Here, real or artificial software defects can be injected into the source code of software.
Dealing with Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) com- ponents is a daily business for avionic system manufacturers. They are necessary ingredients for hardware designs, but are not built in accordance with the avionics consensus standard DO- 254 for Airborne Electronic Hardware (AEH) design.
This report presents our SmartSpace event handling framework for managing smart-grids and renewable energy installations. SmartSpace provides decision support for human stakeholders.
Code review has long been a core practice in collaborative software engineering. In this research, we explore how practitioners reflect on code review today and what changes they anticipate in the near future.
This paper describes the use of the Levels of Conceptual Interoperability Model (LCIM) as a framework for conceptual modeling and its descriptive and prescriptive uses. LCIM is applied to show its potential and shortcomings in the current simulation interoperability approaches, in particular the High Level Architectur...
Smart TV application (app) is a new technological software app that can deal with smart TV devices to add more functionality and features. Despite its importance nowadays, far too little attention has been paid to present a systematic approach to test this kind of app so far.
By abstracting Grid middleware specific considerations from clinical research applications, re-usable services should be developed that will provide generic functionality aimed specifically at medical applications. In the scope of the neuGRID project, generic services are being designed and developed which will be app...
Advances in logic programming and increasing industrial uptake of Datalog-inspired approaches demonstrate the emerging need to express powerful code analyses more easily. Declarative program analysis frameworks (e.g., using logic programming like Datalog) significantly ease defining analyses compared to imperative imp...
In this paper, we present a novel marriage of static and dynamic analysis. Given a large code base with many functions and a mature test suite, we propose using static analysis to find functions
Data races are often discussed in the context of lock acquisition and release, with race-detection algorithms routinely relying on vector clocks as a means of capturing the relative ordering of events from different threads. In this paper, we present a data-race detector for a language with channel communication as it...
Within Lloyds Banking Group the heritage HBOS Corporate division deals with Corporate loans, and is required to assess these loans for risk in accordance with the Basle Accord regulations. Statistical Risk Rating models are developed by the risk analysts to assess the obligors credit worthiness.
Web service compositions are gaining attention to develop complex web systems by combination of existing services. Thus, there are many works that leverage the advantages of this approach.
Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have found numerous applications in various domains, including fraud detection, medical diagnosis, facial recognition, and autonomous driving. However, DNN-based systems often suffer from reliability issues due to their inherent complexity and the stochastic nature of their underlying models...
In the context of the Internet of Things (IoT), reliable and energy-efficient provision of IoT applications has become critical. Equipping IoT systems with tools that enable a flexible, well-performing, and automated way of monitoring and managing IoT edge devices is an essential prerequisite.
Tandem repeats in proteins identification, classification and curation is a complex process that requires manual processing from experts, processing power and time. There are recent and relevant advances applying machine learning for protein structure prediction and repeat classification that are useful for this proce...
In this paper we present a graphical programming framework, LabVIEW, and associated language and libraries, as well as programming techniques and patterns that we have found useful in making FPGAs accessible to scientists and engineers as domain expert software programmers.
The advancements in machine learning techniques have encouraged researchers to apply these techniques to a myriad of software engineering tasks that use source code analysis, such as testing and vulnerability detection. Such a large number of studies hinders the community from understanding the current research landsc...
Logs are semi-structured text files that represent software's execution paths and states during its run-time. Therefore, detecting anomalies in software logs reflect anomalies in the software's execution path or state.

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