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[Context:] The acceptance of candidate patches in automated program repair has been typically based on testing oracles. Testing requires typically a costly process of building the application while ML models can be used to quickly classify patches, thus allowing more candidate patches to be generated in a positive fee...
Symbolic execution is an effective path oriented and constraint based program analysis technique. Recently, there is a significant development in the research and application of symbolic execution.
Context: Various approaches aim to support program comprehension by automatically detecting algorithms in source code. However, no empirical evaluations of their helpfulness have been performed.
It is well recognized that design patterns improve system development and maintenance in many aspects. While we commonly recognize these patterns in monolithic systems, many patterns emerged for cloud computing, specifically microservices.
Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Delivery (CD) have been demonstrated to be effective in facilitating software building, testing, and deployment. Many research studies have investigated and subsequently improved their working processes.
Managing requirements on quality aspects is an important issue in the development of software systems. Difficulties arise from expressing them appropriately what in turn results from the difficulty of the concept of quality itself.
Empirical studies on formal methods and tools are rare. In this paper, we provide guidelines for such studies.
Determining whether a configurable software system has a performance bug or it was misconfigured is often challenging. While there are numerous debugging techniques that can support developers in this task, there is limited empirical evidence of how useful the techniques are to address the actual needs that developers...
Refinement calculus is a powerful and expressive tool for reasoning about sequential programs in a compositional manner. In this paper we present an extension of refinement calculus for reactive systems.
The EU AI Act mandates that providers and deployers of high-risk AI systems establish a quality management system (QMS). Among other criteria, a QMS shall help verify and document the AI system design and quality and monitor the proper implementation of all high-risk AI system requirements.
Background. The software architecture recovery method RELAX produces a concern-based architectural view of a software system graphically and textually from that system's source code.
Software process models must change continuously in order to remain consistent over time with the reality they represent, as well as relevant to the task they are intended for. Performing these changes in a sound and disci- plined fashion requires software process model evolution to be understood and controlled.
TOM (stands for Theoretically Objective Measurements of Software Development Projects) is a set of services that are in charge of helping developers or teams in the process of identifying anomilies within their software development process, and providing a list of preventive or corrective actions (aka CAPAS) that posit...
Software reliability models are an important tool in quality management and release planning. There is a large number of different models that often exhibit strengths in different areas.
This paper is the longer version of the extended abstract with the same name published in FM 06. We describe in detail the algorithm to generate verification conditions from statechart structures implemented in the iState tool.
Based on the old but famous distinction between "in the small" and "in the large" software development, at Nancy Université, UHP Nancy 1, we experience for a while software engineering education thanks to actual project engineering. This education method has the merit to enable students to discover and...
Reusing third-party libraries increases productivity and saves time and costs for developers. However, the downside is the presence of vulnerabilities in those libraries, which can lead to catastrophic outcomes.
Logs are a critical data source for cloud systems, enabling advanced features like monitoring, alerting, and root cause analysis. However, the massive scale and diverse formats of unstructured logs pose challenges for adaptable, efficient, and accurate parsing methods.
Robots that support humans by performing useful tasks (a.k.a., service robots) are booming worldwide. In contrast to industrial robots, the development of service robots comes with severe software engineering challenges, since they require high levels of robustness and autonomy to operate in highly heterogeneous envir...
Quantum Computing (QC) refers to an emerging paradigm that inherits and builds with the concepts and phenomena of Quantum Mechanic (QM) with the significant potential to unlock a remarkable opportunity to solve complex and computationally intractable problems that scientists could not tackle previously. In recent year...
The increasing application and deployment of blockchain in various services necessitates the assurance of the effectiveness of PBFT (Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance) consensus service. However, the performance of PBFT consensus service is challenged in dynamic scenarios.
Static analysis is a widely used technique in software engineering for identifying and mitigating bugs. However, a significant hurdle lies in achieving a delicate balance between precision and scalability.
Avionic software is the subject of critical real time, determinism and safety constraints. Software designers face several challenges, one of them being the estimation of worst-case execution time (WCET) of applications, that dictates the execution time of the system.
Cyber-physical software continually interacts with its physical environment for adaptation in order to deliver smart services. However, the interactions can be subject to various errors when the software's assumption on its environment no longer holds, thus leading to unexpected misbehavior or even failure.
Search-based software testing (SBST) has been studied a lot in the literature, lately. Since, in theory, the performance of meta-heuristic search methods are highly dependent on their parameters, there is a need to study SBST tuning.
Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems have spread among different application domains, from home automation to industrial manufacturing processes. The rushed development by competing vendors to meet the market demand of IoT solutions, the lack of interoperability standards, and the overall lack of a defined set of best pra...
It is widely acknowledged by researchers and practitioners that software development methodologies are generally adapted to suit specific project contexts. Research into practices-as-implemented has been fragmented and has tended to focus either on the strength of adherence to a specific methodology or on how the effi...
Networks of collaboration between engineers are reflected in traces of developers' activity in version control systems (VCSs). Extracting data from Git repositories is an essential task for researchers and practitioners working on socio-technical analysis, but it requires substantial engineering work.
Non-functional properties, such as runtime or memory use, are important to mobile app users and developers, as they affect user experience. Previous work on automated improvement of non-functional properties in mobile apps failed to address the inherent trade-offs between such properties.
Code clone detection is about finding out similar code fragments, which has drawn much attention in software engineering since it is important for software maintenance and evolution. Researchers have proposed many techniques and tools for source code clone detection, but current detection methods concentrate on analyz...
Agile methods in undergraduate courses have been explored by various authors looking to close the gap between industry and professional profiles. We have structured an Android application development course based on a tailored agile process for development of educational software tools.
In migrating production workloads to cloud, enterprises often face the daunting task of evolving monolithic applications toward a microservice architecture. At IBM, we developed a tool called Mono2Micro to assist with this challenging task.
The use of embedded software is advancing in modern medical devices, so does its capabilities and complexity. This paradigm shift brings many challenges such as an increased rate of medical device failures due to software faults.
A complex pervasive system is typically composed of many cooperating \emph{nodes}, running on machines with different capabilities, and pervasively distributed across the environment. These systems pose several new challenges such as the need for the nodes to manage autonomously and dynamically in order to adapt to ch...
This paper proposes some new architectural metrics which are appropriate for evaluating the architectural attributes of a software system. The main feature of our approach is to assess the complexity of a software architecture by analyzing various types of architectural dependences in the architecture.
A fundamental challenge of software testing is the statistically well-grounded extrapolation from program behaviors observed during testing. For instance, a security researcher who has run the fuzzer for a week has currently no means
The rising use of information and communication technology in smart grids likewise increases the risk of failures that endanger the security of power supply, e.g., due to errors in the communication configuration, faulty control algorithms, or cyber-attacks. Co-simulations can be used to investigate such effects, but ...
With the great success of pre-trained models, the pretrain-then-finetune paradigm has been widely adopted on downstream tasks for source code understanding. However, compared to costly training a large-scale model from scratch, how to effectively adapt pre-trained models to a new task has not been fully explored.
Confusion over different kinds of secondary research, and their divergent purposes, is undermining the effectiveness and usefulness of secondary studies in software engineering. This short paper therefore explains the differences between ad hoc review, case survey, critical review, meta-analysis (aka systematic litera...
Deep learning (DL) techniques have gained significant popularity among software engineering (SE) researchers in recent years. This is because they can often solve many SE challenges without enormous manual feature engineering effort and complex domain knowledge.
Stateless Model Checking (SMC) is a verification technique for concurrent programs that checks for safety violations by exploring all possible thread schedulings. It is highly effective when coupled with Dynamic Partial Order Reduction (DPOR), which introduces an equivalence on schedulings and need explore only one in...
Our goal is to understand the characteristics of high-performing teams on GitHub. Towards this end, we collect data from software repositories and evaluate teams by examining differences in productivity.
The evolution of self-adaptive systems poses the problems of their coherence and the resume of the systems' functioning taking into account the accomplished work. While they are the base of the self-adaptive systems, these two aspects are not considered in the related works.
Performance, genericity and flexibility are three valuable qualities for scientific environments that tend to be antagonistic. C++ provides excellent support for both performances and genericity thanks to its support for (class and function) templates.
Context: Many studies consider the relation between individual aspects and bug-introduction, e.g., software testing and code review. Due to the design of the studies the results are usually only about correlations as interactions or interventions are not considered.
In this report we describe a tool framework for certifying properties of PLCs: CERTPLC. CERTPLC can handle PLC descriptions provided in the Sequential Function Chart (SFC) language of the IEC 61131-3 standard.
Mobile apps have exploded in popularity, encouraging developers to provide content to the massive user base of the main app stores. Although there exist automated techniques that can classify user comments into various topics with high levels of precision, recent studies have shown that the top apps in the app stores ...
Early advances in the field of quantum computing have provided new opportunities to tackle intricate problems in areas as diverse as mathematics, physics, or healthcare. However, the technology required to construct such systems where different pieces of quantum and classical software collaborate is currently lacking....
Service-oriented computing has emerged as the new area to address software as a service. This paper proposes a model for component based development for service-oriented systems and have created best practice guidelines on software component design.
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into mobile applications has significantly transformed various domains, enhancing user experiences and providing personalized services through advanced machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) technologies. AI-driven mobile apps typically refer to applications that l...
Finite-state models, such as finite-state machines (FSMs), aid software engineering in many ways. They are often used in formal verification and also can serve as visual software models.
This paper presents an empirical study regarding the energy consumption of the most used web browsers on the Android ecosystem. In order to properly compare the web browsers in terms of energy consumption, we defined a set of typical usage scenarios to be replicated in the different browsers, executed in the same test...
We present the Code Documentation and Analysis Tool (CoDAT). CoDAT is a tool designed to maintain consistency between the various levels of code documentation, e.g. if a line in a code sketch is changed, the comment that documents the corresponding code is also changed.
A spreadsheet usually starts as a simple and single-user software artifact, but, as frequent as in other software systems, quickly evolves into a complex system developed by many actors. Often, different users work on different aspects of the same spreadsheet: while a secretary may be only involved in adding plain dat...
Although literature has noted the effects of branch handling strategies on change recommendation based on evolutionary coupling, they have been tested in a limited experimental setting. Additionally, the branches characteristics that lead to these effects have not been investigated.
In the appstore-centric ecosystem, app developers have an urgent requirement to optimize their release strategy to maximize the success opportunity of their apps. To address this problem, we introduce an approach to assisting developers to select the proper release opportunity based on the purpose of the update and cu...
Within a component-based approach allowing dynamic reconfigurations, sequences of successive reconfiguration operations are expressed by means of reconfiguration paths, possibly infinite. We show that a subclass of such paths can be modelled by finite state automata.
High-definition (HD) maps are essential in testing autonomous driving systems (ADSs). HD maps essentially determine the potential diversity of the testing scenarios.
Issue resolution has made remarkable progress thanks to the advanced reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Recently, agent-based frameworks such as SWE-agent have further advanced this progress by enabling autonomous, tool-using agents to tackle complex software engineering tasks.
Several important aspects of software product quality can be evaluated using dynamic metrics that effectively capture and reflect the software's true runtime behavior. While the extent of research in this field is still relatively limited, particularly when compared to research on static metrics, the field is grow...
A classical problem in Software Engineering is how to certify that every system requirement is correctly implemented by source code. This problem, albeit well studied, can still be considered an open one, given the problems faced by software development organizations.
The aviation literature gives relatively little guidance to practitioners about the specifics of architecting systems for safety, particularly the impact of architecture on allocating safety requirements, or the relative ease of system assurance resulting from system or subsystem level architectural choices. As an exe...
With increasing complexity and heterogeneity of computing devices, it has become crucial for system to be autonomous, adaptive to dynamic environment, robust, flexible, and having so called self-*properties. These autonomous systems are called organic computing(OC) systems.
One of the most important tasks in software maintenance is debugging. To start an interactive debugging session, developers usually set breakpoints in an integrated development environment and navigate through different paths in their debuggers.
This paper provides an extension of MDA called Context-aware Quality Model Driven Architecture (CQ-MDA) which can be used for quality control in pervasive computing environments. The proposed CQ-MDA approach based on ContextualArchRQMM (Contextual ARCHitecture Quality Requirement MetaModel), being an extension to the ...
Generation of software from modeling languages such as UML and domain specific languages (DSLs) has become an important paradigm in software engineering. In this contribution, we present some positions on software development in a model based, generative manner based on home grown DSLs as well as the UML.
The development process of scientific applications is largely dependent on scientific progress and the experimental research results. Thus, dealing with frequent changes is one of the main problems faced by the developers of scientific software.
Multimodal systems, which process multiple input types such as text, audio, and images, are becoming increasingly prevalent in software systems, enabled by the huge advancements in Machine Learning. This triggers the need to easily define the requirements linked to these new types of user interactions, potentially inv...
For a qualitative system sound security practices must be a crucial part throughout the entire software lifecycle. Furthermore, agile software development has paved the way for overcoming the problems faced by developers during traditional development process.
Machine Learning (ML) can substantially improve the efficiency and effectiveness of organizations and is widely used for different purposes within Software Engineering. However, the selection and implementation of ML techniques rely almost exclusively on accuracy criteria.
Online participant recruitment platforms such as Prolific have been gaining popularity in research, as they enable researchers to easily access large pools of participants. However, participant quality can be an issue; participants may give incorrect information to gain access to more studies, adding unwanted noise to...
Context: While most research shows positive effects of gamification, the focus on its adverse effects is considerably smaller and further understanding is needed. Objective: To provide a comprehensive overview on research reporting negative effects of game design elements and to provide insights into the awareness of ...
The Eclipse Graphical Modeling (GMF) Framework provides the major approach for implementing visual languages on top of the Eclipse platform. GMF relies on a family of modeling languages to describe different aspects of the visual language and its implementation in an editor.
Nowadays, quickly evolving and delivering software through a continuous delivery process is a competitive advantage and a way to keep software updated in response to the frequent changes in customers' requirements. However, the faster the software release cycle, the more challenging to track software evolution.
The volumes and complexity of data that companies need to handle are increasing at an accelerating rate. In order to compete effectively and ensure their commercial sustainability, it is becoming crucial for them to achieve robust traceability in both their data and the evolving designs of their systems.
Software testing remains critical for ensuring reliability, yet traditional approaches are slow, costly, and prone to gaps in coverage. This paper presents an AI-driven framework that automates test case generation and validation using natural language processing (NLP), reinforcement learning (RL), and predictive mode...
Defect detection at commit check-in time prevents the introduction of defects into software systems. Current defect detection approaches rely on metric-based models which are not very accurate and whose results are not directly useful for developers.
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in code generation, but many existing benchmarks are approaching saturation and offer little guarantee on the trustworthiness of the generated programs, offering limited insight into deeper reasoning capabilities. We introduce VerifyThisBench, a new be...
Despite the impressive performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software development activities, recent studies show the concern of introducing vulnerabilities into software codebase by AI programming assistants (e.g., Copilot, CodeWhisperer). In this work, we present Codexity, a security-focused code generation...
Established Open Source Software (OSS) projects can grow in size if new developers join, but also the number of OSS projects can grow if developers choose to found new projects. We discuss to what extent an established model for firm growth can be applied to the dynamics of OSS projects.
We describe a system that simplifies the process of debugging programs produced by computer-aided parallelization tools. The system uses relative debugging techniques to compare serial and parallel executions in order to show where the computations begin to differ.
Maintenance is a dominant component of software cost, and localizing reported defects is a significant component of maintenance. We propose a scalable approach that leverages the natural language present in both defect reports and source code to identify files that are potentially related to the defect in question.
Component-based software development (CBSD) is an alternative approach to constructing software systems that offers numerous benefits, particularly in decreasing the complexity of system design. However, deploying components into a system is a challenging and error-prone task.
To better understand the shortcomings of class-level documentation, we conducted a survey of 167 experienced software developers. The survey focused on the participants' programming-related information needs and how often class-level documentation satisfies such needs.
GitHub is the world's largest collection of open source software. Therefore, it is important both to software developers and users to compare and track the popularity of GitHub repositories.
In software, a vulnerability is a defect in a program that attackers might utilize to acquire unauthorized access, alter system functions, and acquire information. These vulnerabilities arise from programming faults, design flaws, incorrect setups, and a lack of security protective measures.
Serverless computing has become a new trending paradigm in cloud computing, allowing developers to focus on the development of core application logic and rapidly construct the prototype via the composition of independent functions. With the development and prosperity of serverless computing, major cloud vendors have s...
Value flow analysis that tracks the flow of values via data dependence is a widely used technique for detecting a broad spectrum of software bugs. However, the scalability issue often deteriorates when high precision (i.e., path-sensitivity) is required, as the instantiation of function summaries becomes excessively t...
Software is vital for the advancement of biology and medicine. Analysis of usage and impact metrics can help developers determine user and community engagement, justify additional funding, encourage additional use, identify unanticipated use cases, and help define improvement areas.
Scientific processes rely on software as an important tool for data acquisition, analysis, and discovery. Over the years sustainable software development practices have made progress in being considered as an integral component of research.
Finding and fixing buggy code is an important and cost-intensive maintenance task, and static analysis (SA) is one of the methods developers use to perform it. SA tools warn developers about potential bugs by scanning their source code for commonly occurring bug patterns, thus giving those developers opportunities to ...
The battle for AI leadership is on, with OpenAI in the United States and DeepSeek in China as key contenders. In response to these global trends, the Spanish government has proposed ALIA, a public and transparent AI infrastructure incorporating small language models designed to support Spanish and co-official language...
The increasing adoption of low-cost environmental sensors and AI-enabled applications has accelerated the demand for scalable and resilient data infrastructures, particularly in data-scarce and resource-constrained regions. This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of the AirQo data pipeline: a mo...
Overcoming society's complex problems requires novel solutions. Applying different cognitive styles can promote novelty when designing software aimed at these problems.
This paper studies the role that ontologies can play in establishing conceptual data models during the process of information systems development. A mapping algorithm has been proposed and embedded in a special purpose Transformation-Engine to generate a conceptual data model from a given domain ontology.
Code cloning plays a very important role in open-source software engineering. The presence of clones within a project may indicate a need for refactoring, and clones between projects are even more interesting, since code migration takes place and violations are possible.
<a href="http://Node.js" rel="external noopener nofollow" class="link-external link-http">this http URL</a> is one of the most popular frameworks for building web applications. As software systems mature, the cost of running their entire regression test suite can become significant.
This paper presents a framework that guides the requirements engineer in the implementation and execution of an effective requirements generation process. We achieve this goal by providing a well-defined requirements engineering model and a criteria based process for optimizing method selection for attendant activitie...
The use of generative AI-based coding assistants like ChatGPT and Github Copilot is a reality in contemporary software development. Many of these tools are provided as remote APIs.
The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of Agile development processes that impact user satisfaction. We used user reviews of OSS smartphone apps and various data from version control systems to examine the relationships, especially time-series correlations, between user satisfaction and developme...

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