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Students' perception of excessive difficulty in STEM degrees lowers their motivation and therefore affects their performance. According to prior research, the use of gamification techniques promote engagement, motivation and fun when learning. |
Many aspects of people's lives are proven to be deeply connected to their jobs. In this paper, we first investigate the distinct characteristics of major occupation categories based on tweets. |
The main objective of this research paper is to analyze the available use cases of Narrowband-IoT and IoT in universities, campuses, and educational institutions. A literature review was conducted using multiple databases such as IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and Scopus. |
YouTube is a valuable source of user-generated content on a wide range of topics, and it encourages user participation through the use of a comment system. Video content is increasingly addressing scientific topics, and there is evidence that both academics and consumers use video descriptions and video comments to re... |
The complex unfolding of the US opioid epidemic in the last 20 years has been the subject of a large body of medical and pharmacological research, and it has sparked a multidisciplinary discussion on how to implement interventions and policies to effectively control its impact on public health. This study leverages Re... |
This paper introduces the Generality-Accuracy-Simplicity (GAS) framework to analyze how large language models (LLMs) are reshaping organizations and competitive strategy. We argue that viewing AI as a simple reduction in input costs overlooks two critical dynamics: |
YouTube is by far the largest host of user-generated video content worldwide. Alas, the platform has also come under fire for hosting inappropriate, toxic, and hateful content. |
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the social and environmental determinants of solar photovoltaic (PV) deployment rates in Colorado, USA. Using 652,795 satellite imagery and computer vision frameworks based on a convolutional neural network, we estimated the proportion of households with solar PV systems... |
In order to respond effectively in the aftermath of a disaster, emergency services and relief organizations rely on timely and accurate information about the affected areas. Remote sensing has the potential to significantly reduce the time and effort required to collect such information by enabling a rapid survey of l... |
The GDPR, or the Datenschutz Grundverordnung (DSGVO) in German, is an EU Law which addresses the subject of safeguarding privacy of personal data of the citizens of the EU and EEA. It also specifies how data the collected data might be transported out of the EU/EEA. |
We present an automated method for measuring media bias. Inferring which newspaper published a given article, based only on the frequencies with which it uses different phrases, leads to a conditional probability distribution whose analysis lets us automatically map newspapers and phrases into a bias space. |
The following is a response to the US Department of Commerce's Request for Information (RFI) regarding AI and Open Government Data Assets. First, we commend the Department for its initiative in seeking public insights on the organization and sharing of data. |
From disinfection and remote triage, to logistics and delivery, countries around the world are making use of robots to address the unique challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. Robots are being used to manage the pandemic in Canada too, but relative to other regions, we have been more cautious in our adoption ... |
Data centers are carbon-intensive enterprises due to their massive energy consumption, and it is estimated that data center industry will account for 8\% of global carbon emissions by 2030. However, both technological and policy instruments for reducing or even neutralizing data center carbon emissions have not been t... |
The road safety of traffic is greatly affected by the driving performance of online ride-hailing, which has become an increasingly popular travel option for many people. Little attention has been paid to the fact that the use of cell phone online ride-hailing software by drivers to accept orders while driving is one o... |
In recent years, in France, computer learning (under the term of code) has entered the school curriculum, in primary and high school. This learning is also aimed at developing computer thinking to enable students, girls and boys, to start master all aspects of the digital world (science, technology, industry, culture)... |
With the rise of text-to-image (T2I) generative AI models reaching wide audiences, it is critical to evaluate model robustness against non-obvious attacks to mitigate the generation of offensive images. By focusing on ``implicitly adversarial'' prompts (those that trigger T2I models to generate unsafe images f... |
As the most public component of the Supreme Court's decision-making process, oral argument receives an out-sized share of attention in the popular media. Despite its prominence, however, the basic function and operation of oral argument as an institution remains poorly understood, as political scientists and legal... |
Frontier artificial intelligence (AI) systems pose increasing risks to society, making it essential for developers to provide assurances about their safety. One approach to offering such assurances is through a safety case: a structured, evidence-based argument aimed at demonstrating why the risk associated with a saf... |
Following on recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and subsequent chat models, a new wave of large vision-language models (LVLMs) has emerged. Such models can incorporate images as input in addition to text, and perform tasks such as visual question answering, image captioning, story generation, etc. |
In the very large debates on ethics of algorithms, this paper proposes an analysis on human responsibility. On one hand, algorithms are designed by some humans, who bear a part of responsibility in the results and unexpected impacts. |
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) or malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an atypical, aggressive tumor that matures into cancer in the pleura, a stratum of tissue bordering the lungs. Diagnosis of MPM is difficult and it accounts for about seventy-five percent of all mesothelioma diagnosed yearly in the United States of... |
The private sector is playing an increasingly important role in basic Artificial Intelligence (AI) R&D. This phenomenon, which is reflected in the perception of a brain drain of researchers from academia to industry, is raising concerns about a privatisation of AI research which could constrain its societal benefi... |
The discussion about the disruptive possibilities of a technology called artificial intelligence (AI) is on everyone's lips. Companies and countries alike are running multi-billion-dollar research programmes to ensure they do not miss out on the global innovation hunt. |
Spreadsheets are one of the most widely used tools for end users. As a result, spreadsheets such as Excel are now included in many curricula. |
Social and technical trends have significantly changed methods for evaluating and disseminating computing research. Traditional venues for reviewing and publishing, such as conferences and journals, worked effectively in the past. |
Digital proximity tracing (DPT) for Sars-CoV-2 pandemic mitigation is a complex intervention with the primary goal to notify app users about possible risk exposures to infected persons. Policymakers and DPT operators need to know whether their system works as expected in terms of speed or yield (performance) and wheth... |
Instead of only considering technology, computer security research now strives to also take into account the human factor by studying regular users and, to a lesser extent, experts like operators and developers of systems. We focus our analysis on the research on the crucial population of experts, whose human errors c... |
This study introduces DK-PRACTICE (Dynamic Knowledge Prediction and Educational Content Recommendation System), an intelligent online platform that leverages machine learning to provide personalized learning recommendations based on student knowledge state. Students participate in a short, adaptive assessment using th... |
Misinformation has become a significant issue in today's society, with the proliferation of false information through various mediums such as social media and traditional news sources. The rapid spread of misinformation has made it increasingly difficult for people to separate truth from fiction, and this has the ... |
Outlier and noise detection processes are highly useful in the quality assessment of any kind of database. Such processes may have novel civic and public applications in the detection of anomalies in public data. |
Algorithms and models are increasingly deployed to inform decisions about people, inevitably affecting their lives. As a consequence, those in charge of developing these models must carefully evaluate their impact on different groups of people and favour group fairness, that is, ensure that groups determined by sensit... |
Information Technology (IT) has had a number of positive impacts in various fields. In the world of education, IT provides its own style with various modes that may be used. |
AI-based text-to-image generation has undergone a significant leap in the production of visually comprehensive and aesthetic imagery over the past year, to the point where differentiating between a man-made piece of art and an AI-generated image is becoming more difficult. Generative Models such as Stable Diffusion, M... |
Over 90% of new vehicles in the United States now collect and transmit telematics data. Similar trends are seen in other developed countries. |
Available or adequate information to inform decision making for resource allocation in support of school improvement is a critical issue globally. In this paper, we apply machine learning and education data mining techniques on education big data to identify determinants of high schools' performance in two African... |
Privacy is important for all individuals in everyday life. With emerging technologies, smartphones with AR, various social networking applications and artificial intelligence driven modes of surveillance, they tend to intrude privacy. |
If a court knows that a respondent knows the password to a device, can the court compel the respondent to enter that password into the device? In this work, we propose a new approach to the foregone conclusion doctrine from Fisher v US that governs the answer to this question. |
Anonymity is an important principle online. However, malicious actors have long used misleading identities to conduct fraud, spread disinformation, and carry out other deceptive schemes. |
Many important decisions in societies such as school admissions, hiring, or elections are based on the selection of top-ranking individuals from a larger pool of candidates. This process is often subject to biases, which typically manifest as an under-representation of certain groups among the selected or accepted ind... |
This paper presents perspectives on the state of AI, as held by a sample of experts. These experts were early signatories of the recent open letter from Future of Life, which calls for a pause on advanced AI development. |
If autonomous AI systems are to be reliably safe in novel situations, they will need to incorporate general principles guiding them to recognize and avoid harmful behaviours. Such principles may need to be supported by a binding system of regulation, which would need the underlying principles to be widely accepted. |
This systematic review discusses the methodological approaches and statistical confirmations of cross-cultural adaptations of cognitive evaluation tools used with different populations. The review considers six seminal studies on the methodology of cultural adaptation in Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America. |
Temporary school closures caused by the Covid-19 pandemic have posed new challenges for many teachers and students worldwide. Especially the abrupt shift to online distance learning posed many obstacles to be overcome and it particularly complicated the implementation of Educational Robotics activities. |
Crowdfunding has become a popular form of collective funding, in which small donations or investments, made by groups of people, support the development of new projects in exchange of free products or different types of recognition. Social network sites, on the other hand, promote user cooperation and currently are at... |
In this paper, we adapt and validate two constructs-perceived extrinsic warm-glow (PEWG) and perceived intrinsic warm-glow (PIWG)-to measure the two dimensions of consumer perceived warm-glow (i.e., extrinsic and intrinsic) for use with the practice of technology adoption modeling. Taking an experimental approach, par... |
The article deals with the analysis of the impact of the using AR technology in the study of a foreign language by university students. It is stated out that AR technology can be a good tool for learning a foreign language. |
Camilli (2024) proposed a methodology using natural language processing (NLP) to map the relationship of a set of content standards to item specifications. This study provided evidence that NLP can be used to improve the mapping process. |
Companies report on their financial performance for decades. More recently they have also started to report on their environmental impact and their social responsibility. |
You hear a lot about environmental issues, you may have initiated positive personal attitudes, you have a group will in your unit, and you are wondering about the environmental impact of digital technology in your professional environment...EcoDiag is here for you! The CNRS EcoInfo GDS has found that assessing the envi... |
Archives play a crucial role in the construction and advancement of society. Humans place a great deal of trust in archives and depend on them to craft public policies and to preserve languages, cultures, self-identity, views and values. |
Analyzing student behavior in educational scenarios is crucial for enhancing teaching quality and student engagement. Existing AI-based models often rely on classroom video footage to identify and analyze student behavior. |
Determination of major specialization is important to lead the student to focus on areas of study that are of interest as well as in accordance with its academic credentials. Currently, the determination of major specialization is done by asking directly to students, regardless of academic outcomes that have been achi... |
The emergence of digital technology has fundamentally transformed all facets of human existence, posing important queries about the safeguarding and implementation of human rights in the digital domain. The research focuses on important topics including privacy, freedom of speech, and information access. |
Hate speech has emerged as a major problem plaguing our social spaces today. While there have been significant efforts to address this problem, existing methods are still significantly limited in effectively detecting hate speech online. |
On June 16, 2020, Germany launched an open-source smartphone contact tracing app ("Corona-Warn-App") to help tracing SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus) infection chains. It uses a decentralized, privacy-preserving design based on the Exposure Notification APIs in which a centralized server is only used to distribute a l... |
Pair programming has been highlighted as an active learning technique with several benefits to students, including increasing participation and improving outcomes, particularly for female computer science students. However, most of the literature highlights the effects of pair programming in introductory courses, wher... |
In this paper we present a working model of an automatic pill reminder and dispenser setup that can alleviate irregularities in taking prescribed dosage of medicines at the right time dictated by the medical practitioner and switch from approaches predominantly dependent on human memory to automation with negligible su... |
Etymologically, in Latin expresses "educare", that means to bring out, or be engaged in the infinite process of learning to present to the society as a valuable citizen. However, unfortunately especially in third world countries, education cannot be achieved due to, lack of inorganic and organic resources. |
Improving the quality of end-of-life care for hospitalized patients is a priority for healthcare organizations. Studies have shown that physicians tend to over-estimate prognoses, which in combination with treatment inertia results in a mismatch between patients wishes and actual care at the end of life. |
Geospatial analysis offers large potential for better understanding, modelling and visualizing our natural and artificial ecosystems, using Internet of Things as a pervasive sensing infrastructure. This paper performs a review of research work based on the IoT, in which geospatial analysis has been employed in environ... |
As large language models (LLMs) increasingly participate in tasks with ethical and societal stakes, a critical question arises: do they exhibit an emergent "moral mind" - a consistent structure of moral preferences guiding their decisions - and to what extent is this structure shared across models? To investig... |
Point-Of-Interest (POI) recommendation aims to mine a user's visiting history and find her/his potentially preferred places. Although location recommendation methods have been studied and improved pervasively, the challenges w.r.t employing various influences including temporal aspect still remain. |
Research on digital degrowth predominantly critiques digital expansion or presents alternative digital practices. Yet, analyzing the link between digital technologies and complexity is crucial to overcome systemic obstacles hindering digital de-escalation. |
Theory of computing (ToC) courses are a staple in many undergraduate CS curricula as they lay the foundation of why CS is important to students. Although not a stated goal, an inevitable outcome of the course is enhancing the students' technical reading and writing abilities as it often contains formal reasoning a... |
In the last few years, contributions of the general public in scientific projects has increased due to the advancement of communication and computing technologies. Internet played an important role in connecting scientists and volunteers who are interested in participating in their scientific projects. |
Collective and individual action necessary to address climate change hinges on the public's understanding of the relevant scientific findings. In this study, we examine the use of scientific sources in the course of 14 years of public deliberation around climate change on one of the largest social media platforms,... |
There is increased interest in assisting non-expert audiences to effectively interact with machine learning (ML) tools and understand the complex output such systems produce. Here, we describe user experiments designed to study how individual skills and personality traits predict interpretability, explainability, and ... |
The application of the Internet in the field of education is becoming more and more popular, and a large amount of educational data is generated in the process. How to effectively use these data has always been a key issue in the field of educational data mining. |
This paper explores the role of public and private sector teams as they collaborate to form and manage a community and platform for digital entrepreneurs in Bahrain. The paper employed the theoretical concept of boundary spanners to explore the nature of interactions between the two teams as support digital entreprene... |
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID pandemic, which caused interruptions and delays in many activities, but most importantly, it led to some huge changes in education. Online teaching will prove to be the most commonly used method that should compensate for the inability to work in the clas... |
Avoiding systemic discrimination requires investigating AI models' potential to propagate stereotypes resulting from the inherent biases of training datasets. Our study investigated how text-to-image models unintentionally perpetuate non-rational beliefs regarding autism. |
Risks threatening modern societies form an intricately interconnected network that often underlies crisis situations. Yet, little is known about how risk materializations in distinct domains influence each other. |
This article introduces BISTRO, a new open source transportation planning decision support system that uses an agent-based simulation and optimization approach to anticipate and develop adaptive plans for possible technological disruptions and growth scenarios. The new framework was evaluated in the context of a machi... |
This paper follows the recent history of automated beauty competitions to discuss how machine learning techniques, in particular neural networks, alter the way attractiveness is handled and how this impacts the cultural landscape. We describe experiments performed to probe the behavior of two different convolutional n... |
This paper presents a new educational framework for integrating generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) platforms such as ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini into laboratory activities aimed at developing critical thinking and digital literacy among undergraduate students. Recognizing the limitations and risks of uncritica... |
This short article presents a summary of the NetSciEd (Network Science and Education) initiative that aims to address the need for curricula, resources, accessible materials, and tools for introducing K-12 students and the general public to the concept of networks, a crucial framework in understanding complexity. NetS... |
ChatGPT has recently gathered attention from the general public and academia as a tool that is able to generate plausible and human-sounding text answers to various questions. One potential use, or abuse, of ChatGPT is in answering various questions or even generating whole essays and research papers in an academic or... |
Until now, there is no e-management and automation necessary for the operations or procedures of the departments in the Technical Education Foundation Erbil, and the foundation like any other organization in Kurdistan region is not connected to the network, because there is not infrastructure for that purpose. To solv... |
In this study, we addressed the refugee crisis through two main models. For predicting the ultimate number of refugees, we first established a Logistic Regression Model, but due to the limited data points, its prediction accuracy was suboptimal. |
Group work, where students work on projects to overcome challenges together, has numerous advantages, including learning of important transferable skills, better learning experience and increased motivation. However, in many academic systems the advantages of group projects clash with the need to assign individualised... |
Climate issues have become more and more important now. Although global governments have made some progress, we are still facing the truth that the prospect of international cooperation is not clear at present. |
The main research involving globalization nowadays is to describe the impact of globalization in their respective fields. However, globalization is a complex phenomenon across multiple sections. |
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being adopted in most industries, and for applications such as note taking and checking grammar, there is typically not a cause for concern. However, when constitutional rights are involved, as in the justice system, transparency is paramount. |
Knowledge Tracing (KT) is to trace the knowledge of students as they solve a sequence of problems represented by their related skills. This involves abstract concepts of students' states of knowledge and the interactions between those states and skills. |
The increasing use of generative AI in scientific writing raises urgent questions about attribution and intellectual credit. When a researcher employs ChatGPT to draft a manuscript, the resulting text may echo ideas from sources the author has never encountered. |
The technical progression of artificial intelligence (AI) research has been built on breakthroughs in fields such as computer science, statistics, and mathematics. However, in the past decade AI researchers have increasingly looked to the social sciences, turning to human interactions to solve the challenges of model ... |
The Computer Information System (CIS) is information and communication technology in support of business processes. In this paper, we present a typical undergraduate computer information system curriculum examining the degree of lab intensity and its effect on the course efficacy. |
Education is defined as the fundamental key for the success and development for any given society. Hence, the forming of a strong basic educational foundation is crucial to ensure the children to stay competitive and achieve extraordinary in the changing world. |
This report summarizes the European Union's series of data and AI regulations and analyzes them for managers in automotive vehicle manufacturing organizations. In particular, we highlight the relevant ideas of the regulations, including how they find their roots in earlier legislation, how they contradict and comp... |
The humble spreadsheet is the most widely used data storage, manipulation and modelling tool. Its ubiquity over the past 30 years has seen its successful application in every area of life. |
Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT-4 and BERT, have rapidly gained traction in natural language processing (NLP) and are now integral to financial decision-making. However, their deployment introduces critical challenges, particularly in perpetuating gender biases that can distort decision-making outcomes in hi... |
In this report, we propose the implementation of national registries for frontier AI models as a foundational tool for AI governance. We explore the rationale, design, and implementation of such registries, drawing on comparisons with registries in analogous industries to make recommendations for a registry that is ef... |
Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as transformative forces in the realm of natural language processing, wielding the power to generate human-like text. However, despite their potential for content creation, they carry the risk of eroding our Semantic Capital (SC) - the collective knowledge within our digital e... |
LLM-based Conversational AIs (CAIs), also known as GenAI chatbots, like ChatGPT, are increasingly used across various domains, but they pose privacy risks, as users may disclose personal information during their conversations with CAIs. Recent research has demonstrated that LLM-based CAIs could be used for malicious p... |
This paper aims to provide an overview of the ethical concerns in artificial intelligence (AI) and the framework that is needed to mitigate those risks, and to suggest a practical path to ensure the development and use of AI at the United Nations (UN) aligns with our ethical values. The overview discusses how AI is an... |
Consent dialogues are a source of annoyance, malicious intent, dark patterns, illegal practices and a plethora of other issues. This work presents known problems based on GDPR requirements grouped into two categories: |
This innovative practice article reports on the piloting of vibe coding (using natural language to create software applications with AI) for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education. We developed a human-AI meta-languaging framework with three dimensions: talking to AI (prompt engineering), talking through AI (ne... |
The generic fluidity observed in the nature of political protest movements across the world during the last decade weigh heavily with the presence of social media. As such, there is a possibility to study the contemporary movements with an interdisciplinary approach combining computational analytics with social scienc... |
The rapid proliferation of online content producing and sharing technologies resulted in an explosion of user-generated content (UGC), which now extends to scientific data. Citizen science, in which ordinary people contribute information for scientific research, epitomizes UGC. |
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