text large_stringlengths 7 3.02k |
|---|
Nutrition is a key factor in people's overall health. Hence, understanding the nature and dynamics of population-wide dietary preferences over time and space can be valuable in public health. |
This work proposes a method for the measurement of a country's digital investigation capacity and saturation for the assessment of future capacity expansion. The focus is on external, or international, partners being a factor that could negatively affect the return on investment when attempting to expand investiga... |
As a response to the trends of the increasing importance of computational approaches and the accelerating pace in science, I propose in this position paper to establish the concept of "science bots" that autonomously perform programmed tasks on input data they encounter and immediately publish the results. We ... |
The greatest advantage that Web3 applications offer over Web 2.0 is the evolution of the data access layer. Opaque, centralized services that compelled trust from users are replaced by trustless, decentralized systems of smart contracts. |
This paper studies the viability of making a country a developmental state. In particular it studies the characteristics of a developmental state and how they are linked to technology. |
Cyberbullying has been a significant challenge in the digital era world, given the huge number of people, especially adolescents, who use social media platforms to communicate and share information. Some individuals exploit these platforms to embarrass others through direct messages, electronic mail, speech, and publi... |
Household survey programs around the world publish fine-granular georeferenced microdata to support research on the interdependence of human livelihoods and their surrounding environment. To safeguard the respondents' privacy, micro-level survey data is usually (pseudo)-anonymized through deletion or perturbation ... |
In recent years, distance education has enjoyed a major boom. Much work at The Open University (OU) has focused on improving retention rates in these modules by providing timely support to students who are at risk of failing the module. |
We consider two symmetry metrics commonly used to analyze partisan gerrymandering: the Mean-Median Difference (MM) and Partisan Bias (PB). Our main results compare, for combinations of seats and votes achievable in districted elections, the number of districts won by each party to the extent of potential deviation fro... |
Societal risk emanating from how recommender algorithms disseminate content online is now well documented. Emergent regulation aims to mitigate this risk through ethical audits and enabling new research on the social impact of algorithms. |
Housing costs have a significant impact on individuals, families, businesses, and governments. Recently, online companies such as Zillow have developed proprietary systems that provide automated estimates of housing prices without the immediate need of professional appraisers. |
This paper focuses on the characteristics of two big triggers that facilitated wide user adoption of the Internet: Web 2.0 and online social networks. We detect brakes for reproduction of these events in Internet of things. |
In this paper, we report about a large-scale online discussion with 1099 citizens on the Afghanistan Sustainable Development Goals. |
An increasing amount of companies and cities plan to become CO2-neutral, which requires them to invest in renewable energies and carbon emission offsetting solutions. One of the cheapest carbon offsetting solutions is preventing deforestation in developing nations, a major contributor in global greenhouse gas emission... |
Urban growth sometimes leads to rigid infrastructure that struggles to adapt to changing demand. This paper introduces a novel approach, aiming to enable cities to evolve and respond more effectively to such dynamic demand. |
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into education has the potential to transform the way we learn and teach. In this paper, we examine the current state of AI in education and explore the potential benefits and challenges of incorporating this technology into the classroom. |
Instead of getting involved in either extremes of dispute around climate change as one of our grand challenges, we opened the space of potential policy responses from a systemic view and showed why current climate change mitigation policies are not successful as planned. Further, as a potential futuristic scenario, ne... |
Decentralized social networks like Mastodon and BlueSky are trending topics that have drawn much attention and discussion in recent years. By devolving powers from the central node to the end users, decentralized social networks aim to cure existing pathologies on the centralized platforms and have been viewed by many... |
In this work we explore cyberbullying and other toxic behavior in team competition online games. Using a dataset of over 10 million player reports on 1.46 million toxic players along with corresponding crowdsourced decisions, we test several hypotheses drawn from theories explaining toxic behavior. |
To improve the quality and efficiency of research, groups within the scientific community seek to exploit the value of data sharing. Funders, institutions, and specialist organizations are developing and implementing strategies to encourage or mandate data sharing within and across disciplines, with varying degrees of... |
Over the last few years electronic learning has been in use mostly by corporate institutes in the form of computer aided instructions and computer based training. The scope of such use has not only been limited to introductory courses for beginners and working people but also to impart knowledge in higher education se... |
This report is a high-level summary analysis of the 2017 GitHub Open Source Survey dataset, presenting frequency counts, proportions, and frequency or proportion bar plots for every question asked in the survey. |
Though research into text-to-image generators (T2Is) such as Stable Diffusion has demonstrated their amplification of societal biases and potentials to cause harm, such research has primarily relied on computational methods instead of seeking information from real users who experience harm, which is a significant knowl... |
We have conducted an empirical investigation into the long term survival rates of some small but representative samples of the 30,000 largest UK limited companies. These companies were either a control or known to have used, or been interested in the use of, spreadsheets, spreadsheet based monte carlo simulation softw... |
This paper presents the basis of the Agile Governance in Information and Communication Technology (ICT), which is based on Agile Software Engineering Methodologies principles and values. Its development was done through a systematic review process, supported by Bibliometrics and Scientometrics methods and techniques, ... |
Online tracking has become of increasing concern in recent years, however our understanding of its extent to date has been limited to snapshots from web crawls. Previous at-tempts to measure the tracking ecosystem, have been done using instrumented measurement platforms, which are not able to accurately capture how pe... |
Although rapid progress in-vehicle automated technology has sped up the possibility of using fully automated technology for public use, little research has been done on the possible influences of autonomous vehicles (AVs) technology on long-distance travel. This technology has the potential to have a significant effec... |
We propose to utilize mobile phone technology as a vehicle for people to report their symptoms and to receive immediate feedback about the health services readily available, and for predicting spatial disease outbreak risk. Once symptoms are extracted from the patients text message, they undergo complex classification... |
Broadband connectivity is a tool for catalyzing socio-economic development and reducing the societal inequalities. Recent studies have investigated the supporting role of broadband in addressing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). |
This paper offers an overview of the prospects and ethics of using AI to achieve human enhancement, and more broadly what we call intellectual augmentation (IA). After explaining the central notions of human enhancement, IA, and AI, we discuss the state of the art in terms of the main technologies for IA, with or with... |
The cooperative management of rice terraces in Bali reveals an interesting phenomenon that stems from the feedback loop between human decisions and the ecosystem process. In particular, spatial patterning is observed, which is heavily reliant on the farmer's decision to plant crops as well as the response from the... |
One trend in the recent healthcare transformations is people are encouraged to monitor and manage their health based on their daily diets and physical activity habits. However, much attention of the use of operational research and analytical models in healthcare has been paid to the systematic level such as country or... |
This article explores the feasibility of creating an "electronic copy" of a deceased researcher by training artificial intelligence (AI) on the data stored in their personal computers. By analyzing typical data volumes on inherited researcher computers, including textual files such as articles, emails, and dra... |
This study aims to evaluate machine intelligence through artistic creativity by employing a modified version of the Turing Test inspired by Lady Lovelace. It investigates two hypotheses: whether human judges can reliably distinguish AI-generated artworks from human-created ones and whether AI-generated art achieves co... |
Successful containment of the Coronavirus pandemic rests on the ability to quickly and reliably identify those who have been in close proximity to a contagious individual. Existing tools for doing so rely on the collection of exact location information of individuals over lengthy time periods, and combining this infor... |
Formulating data science problems is an uncertain and difficult process. It requires various forms of discretionary work to translate high-level objectives or strategic goals into tractable problems, necessitating, among other things, the identification of appropriate target variables and proxies. |
This research explores the quickly changing field of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) chatbots in higher education, an industry that is undergoing major technological changes. AI chatbots, such as ChatGPT, HuggingChat, and Google Bard, are becoming more and more common in a variety of sectors, including educat... |
The increasingly sophisticated sensors supported by modern smartphones open up novel research opportunities, such as mobile phone sensing. One of the most challenging of these research areas is context-aware and activity recognition. |
Although compelling assessments have been quite frequently examined in recent years, more studies are required to yield a better understanding of several Distance Learning (DL) methods where Learning Management Systems (LMSs) significantly affect student learning process. Most studies in this area do not consider the ... |
Theory of Computing (ToC) is an important course in CS curricula because of its connections to other CS courses as a foundation for them. Traditional ToC course grading schemes are mostly exam-based, and sometimes a small weight for traditional proof-type assignments. |
The modern web is increasingly characterized by the pervasiveness of Surveillance Capitalism. This investigation employs an empirical approach to examine this phenomenon through the web tracking practices of major tech companies -- specifically Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, and Microsoft (GAFAM) -- and their relati... |
Concerns about representation in computing within the U.S. have driven numerous activities to broaden participation. Assessment of the impact of these efforts and, indeed, a clear assessment of the actual "problem" being addressed are limited by the nature of the most common data analysis which looks at the re... |
Web-based hosting services for version control, such as GitHub, have made it easier for people to develop, share, and donate money to software repositories. In this paper, we study the use of Bitcoin to make donations to open source repositories on GitHub. |
Physical activity helps people maintain a healthy weight and reduces the risk for several chronic diseases. Although this knowledge is widely recognized, adults and children in many countries around the world do not get recommended amounts of physical activity. |
The U.S. Child Welfare System (CWS) is charged with improving outcomes for foster youth; yet, they are overburdened and underfunded. To overcome this limitation, several states have turned towards algorithmic decision-making systems to reduce costs and determine better processes for improving CWS outcomes. |
The World Wide Web is a complex interconnected digital ecosystem, where information and attention flow between platforms and communities throughout the globe. These interactions co-construct how we understand the world, reflecting and shaping public discourse. |
Access to non-verbal cues in social interactions is vital for people with visual impairment. It has been shown that non-verbal cues such as eye contact, number of people, their names and positions are helpful for individuals who are blind. |
We introduce AI University (AI-U), a flexible framework for AI-driven course content delivery that adapts to instructors' teaching styles. At its core, AI-U fine-tunes a large language model (LLM) with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) to generate instructor-aligned responses from lecture videos, notes, and tex... |
Timestamps in digital traces include significant detailed information on when human behaviors occur, which is universally available and standardized in all types of digital traces. Nevertheless, the concept of time is under-explicated in empirical studies of online behaviors. |
Wayfinding behavior and pedestrian movement pattern research relies on objective spatial configuration representation and analysis, such as space syntax, to quantify and control for the difficulty of wayfinding in multi-level buildings and urban built environments. However, the space syntax's representation oversi... |
In recent years, a number of prominent computer scientists, along with academics in fields such as philosophy and physics, have lent credence to the notion that machines may one day become as large as humans. Many have further argued that machines could even come to exceed human size by a significant margin. |
Large language models (LLMs) are often trained on data that reflect WEIRD values: Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic. This raises concerns about cultural bias and fairness. |
Gender inequality is a significant concern in many cultures, as women face significant barriers to asset acquisition particularly land ownership and control. Land acquisition and land tenure security are complex issues that affect various cultural groups differently, leading to disparities in access and ownership espe... |
Introduction: Increasingly, the label data trust is being applied to repeatable mechanisms or approaches to sharing data in a timely, fair, safe and equitable way. However, there is a gap in terms of practical guidance about how to establish and operate a data trust. |
Student dropout prediction is an indispensable for numerous intelligent systems to measure the education system and success rate of any university as well as throughout the university in the world. Therefore, it becomes essential to develop efficient methods for prediction of the students at risk of dropping out, enab... |
Legal services rely heavily on text processing. While large language models (LLMs) show promise, their application in legal contexts demands higher accuracy, repeatability, and transparency. |
Large language models have increasingly been proposed as a powerful replacement for classical agent-based models (ABMs) to simulate social dynamics. By using LLMs as a proxy for human behavior, the hope of this new approach is to be able to simulate significantly more complex dynamics than with classical ABMs and gain... |
The executive branch (the government) is usually not directly elected by the people, but is created by another elected body or person such as the parliament or the president. As a result, its members are not directly accountable to the people, individually or as a group. |
Increased sharing of untrustworthy information on social media platforms is one of the main challenges of our modern information society. Because information disseminated by political elites is known to shape citizen and media discourse, it is particularly important to examine the quality of information shared by poli... |
We introduce a model for predicting page-view dynamics of promoted content. The regularity of the content promotion process on Wikipedia provides excellent experimental conditions which favour detailed modelling. |
Today, one of the biggest challenges for digital transformation in the Industry 4.0 paradigm is the lack of mutual understanding between the academic and the industrial world. On the one hand, the industry fails to apply new technologies and innovations from scientific research. |
This paper provides an overview of the current and near-future applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medicine and Health Care and presents a classification according to their ethical and societal aspects, potential benefits and pitfalls, and issues that can be considered controversial and are not deeply discu... |
The integration of AI systems into the military domain is changing the way war-related decisions are made. It binds together three disparate groups of actors - developers, integrators, users - and creates a relationship between these groups and the machine, embedded in the (pre-)existing organisational and system stru... |
As technologies are developed and constructed, designers may or may not be aware that they are embedding politics and values into their artifacts. Computer scientists operate and advance their field by building layers of abstraction into software and hardware to reduce the complexity of interfaces, making the artifact... |
Most differentially private mechanisms are designed for the use of a single analyst. In reality, however, there are often multiple stakeholders with different and possibly conflicting priorities that must share the same privacy loss budget. |
Online conversations can go in many directions: some turn out poorly due to antisocial behavior, while others turn out positively to the benefit of all. Research on improving online spaces has focused primarily on detecting and reducing antisocial behavior. |
Since its existence, the computer tool has often supported mathematicians, whether it is to implement an approximation method (numerical calculation of a root, of an integral, ...) or to simulate a phenomenon (geometric in nature, probabilistic, ...) to verify or establish a conjecture. But, and this is another point ... |
We provide an overview of the recent trends towards digitalization and large scale data analytics in healthcare. It is expected that these trends are instrumental in the dramatic changes in the way healthcare will be organized in the future. |
Location data collection has become widespread with smart phones becoming ubiquitous. Smart phone apps often collect precise location data from users by offering \textit{free} services and then monetize it for advertising and marketing purposes. |
Online social networks have changed the ways of communication and social interactions, especially in the Customer Relationship Management (CRM). In this sense, a new concept about business strategies involving CRM and social media has aroused, known as Social Customer Relationship Management. |
The widespread adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in the public and private sectors has resulted in them significantly impacting the lives of people in new and unexpected ways. In this context, it becomes important to inquire how their design, development and deployment takes place. |
This paper presents an overview of the "Applied Parallel Computing" course taught to final year Software Engineering undergraduate students in Spring 2014 at NUST, Pakistan. The main objective of the course was to introduce practical parallel programming tools and techniques for shared and distributed memory c... |
In the age of artificial intelligence, architectural practice faces a paradox of immense potential and creeping standardization. As humans are increasingly relying on AI-generated outputs, architecture risks becoming a spectacle of repetition- a shuffling of data that neither truly innovates nor progresses vertically ... |
By now, Internet word-of-mouth marketing has established its importance for almost every kind of products. When word-of-mouth spread of a marketing campaign goes viral, the success of its strategy has been proved to be path-breaking for the firms. |
This chapter provides an overview of the different Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems that are being used in contemporary digital tools for Mathematics Education (ME). It is aimed at researchers in AI and Machine Learning (ML), for whom we shed some light on the specific technologies that are being used in education... |
Digital deliberation has expanded democratic participation, yet challenges remain. This includes processing information at scale, moderating discussions, fact-checking, or attracting people to participate. |
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a dynamic global information network consisting of internet-connected objects, such as Radio-frequency identification (RFIDs), sensors, actuators, as well as other instruments and smart appliances that are becoming an integral component of the future internet. Over the last decade, we h... |
Promoting sustainable transportation options is increasingly crucial in the pursuit of environmentally friendly and efficient campus mobility systems. Among these options, bike-sharing programs have garnered substantial attention for their capacity to mitigate traffic congestion, decrease carbon emissions, and enhance... |
The rapid and unprecedented dominance of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly through Large Language Models (LLMs), has raised critical trust challenges in high-stakes domains like politics. Biased LLMs' decisions and misinformation undermine democratic processes, and existing trust models fail to address th... |
This document discusses (in Dutch) the vision underlying the business informatics (Informatiekunde) curriculum and research programme at the Nijmegen Institute for Informatics and Information Science (NIII). The ultimate aim of this document is to provide a 'repository' with regard to these visions, and a basi... |
In July 2023, New York City (NYC) initiated the first algorithm auditing system for commercial machine-learning systems. Local Law 144 (LL 144) mandates NYC-based employers using automated employment decision-making tools (AEDTs) in hiring to undergo annual bias audits conducted by an independent auditor. |
The rapid expansion of Advanced Meter Infrastructure (AMI) has dramatically altered the energy information landscape. However, our ability to use this information to generate actionable insights about residential electricity demand remains limited. |
This paper presents an exergy analysis of the whole turbine, turbine cylinders and cylinder parts in four different operating regimes. Analyzed turbine operates in nuclear power plant while three of four operating regimes are obtained by using optimization algorithms - SA (Simplex Algorithm), GA (Genetic Algorithm) an... |
There has been a long standing tradition amongst developed nations of influencing, both directly and indirectly, the activities of developing economies. Behind this is one of a range of aims: building/improving living standards, bettering the social status of recipient communities, etc. |
Mobile applications (Apps) could expose children to inappropriate themes such as sexual content, violence, and drug use. Maturity rating offers a quick and effective method for potential users, particularly guardians, to assess the maturity levels of apps. |
The prediction has served as a crucial scientific method in modern social studies. With the recent advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), efforts have been made to leverage LLMs to predict the human features in social life, such as presidential voting. |
This paper develops a taxonomy of expert perspectives on the risks and likely consequences of artificial intelligence, with particular focus on Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and Artificial Superintelligence (ASI). Drawing from primary sources, we identify three predominant doctrines: (1) The dominance doctrine... |
Albeit the widespread application of recommender systems (RecSys) in our daily lives, rather limited research has been done on quantifying unfairness and biases present in such systems. Prior work largely focuses on determining whether a RecSys is discriminating or not but does not compute the amount of bias present i... |
This paper explores use of multiple large language model (LLM) agents to simulate complex, dynamic characters in dramatic scenarios. We introduce a drama machine framework that coordinates interactions between LLM agents playing different 'Ego' and 'Superego' psychological roles. |
This study constructs a quantifiable modelling framework to simulate non-kinetic strategic deterrence pathways in rare earth supply disruption scenarios, based on structured responses from expert interviews led by Dr. Daniel O'Connor, CEO of the Rare Earth Exchange (REE). Focusing on disruption impacts on national... |
Successful achievement of public policies requires satisfaction of conditions affecting political feasibility for policy adoption and maintenance as well as economic viability of the desired activity or enterprise. This paper discusses the difficulties of satisfying these joint constraints given the legacy of the comm... |
What if we delegated so much to autonomous AI and intelligent machines that They passed a law that forbids humans to carry out a number of professions? We conceive the plot of a new episode of Black Mirror to reflect on what might await us and how we can deal with such a future. |
Understanding how youth make sense of machine learning and how learning about machine learning can be supported in and out of school is more relevant than ever before as young people interact with machine learning powered applications everyday; while connecting with friends, listening to music, playing games, or attend... |
The Ethereum ecosystem was maintained by a distributed global network of computers that required massive amounts of computational power. Previous work on estimating the energy use and emissions of the Ethereum network has relied on top-down economic analysis and rough estimates of hardware efficiency and emissions fac... |
The growth of ridehailing (RH) companies over the past few years has affected urban mobility in numerous ways. Despite widespread claims about the benefits of such services, limited research has been conducted on the topic. |
Cyber-attacks have become as commonplace as the Internet itself. Each year, industry reports, media outlets and academic articles highlight this increased prevalence, spanning both the amount and variety of attacks and cybercrimes. |
In the Netherlands as well as many other countries, the use of electronic voting solutions is a recurrent topic of discussion. While electronic voting certainly has advantages over paper voting, there are also important risks involved. |
This article proposes a social simulation paradigm based on the GPT-3.5 large language model. It involves constructing Generative Agents that emulate human cognition, memory, and decision-making frameworks, along with establishing a virtual social system capable of stable operation and an insertion mechanism for stand... |
The article describes the method of using computer-learning tools during the modeling of biological processes in the high school. The author developed web pages for online processing of the results of simulation of the genetic structure of the population, which are affected by factors of change in its genetic equilibr... |
Interactive Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents are becoming increasingly prevalent in society. However, application of such systems without understanding them can be problematic. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.