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Adipose tissue (AT) transcriptome studies provide holistic pictures of adaptation to weight and related bioclinical settings changes. Objective To implement AT gene expression profiling and investigate the link between changes in bioclinical parameters and AT gene expression during 3 steps of a 2-phase dietary interve... |
The Health Index is a value (in terms of color or score) which describes the technical condition of an asset. Using the Health Index of various assets, the so called aggregated Health Index of a system can be calculated. |
We combine fine-grained spatially referenced census data with the vote outcomes from the 2016 US presidential election. Using this dataset, we perform ecological inference using distribution regression (Flaxman et al, KDD 2015) with a multinomial-logit regression so as to model the vote outcome Trump, Clinton, Other /... |
Narwhals in the Arctic are increasingly exposed to human activities that can temporarily or permanently threaten their survival by modifying their behavior. We examine GPS data from a population of narwhals exposed to ship and seismic airgun noise during a controlled experiment in 2018 in the Scoresby Sound fjord syst... |
Investigation of dynamic processes in cell biology very often relies on the observation in two dimensions of 3D biological processes. Consequently, the data are partial and statistical methods and models are required to recover the parameters describing the dynamical processes. |
Although squaring integers is deterministic, squares modulo a prime, $p$, appear to be random. First, because they are all generated by the multiplicative linear congruential equation, $x_{i+1} = g^2 x_i \mod p$, where $x_0 = 1$ and $g$ is any primitive root of $p$, a pseudorandom number heuristic suggests that they a... |
Motivation: Time course data obtained from biological samples subject to specific treatments can be very useful for revealing complex and novel biological phenomena. Although an increasing number of time course microarray datasets becomes available, most of them contain few biological replicates and time points. |
Santer et al (2008) (S08) compared climate models and observations in the tropical troposphere and reported that "there is no longer a serious discrepancy between modeled and observed trends in tropical lapse rates. " They found no statistically significant differences between modeled (ensemble mean) trends and... |
In this research, we examine the capabilities of different mathematical models to accurately predict various levels of the English football pyramid. Existing work has largely focused on top-level play in European leagues; however, our work analyzes teams throughout the entire English Football League system. |
In cancer translational research, increasing effort is devoted to the study of the combined effect of two drugs when they are administered simultaneously. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to estimate the part of the effect of the two drugs due to the interaction of the compounds, i.e. which is due to synergi... |
Rapid research progress in genotyping techniques have allowed large genome-wide association studies. Existing methods often focus on determining associations between single loci and a specific phenotype. |
A novel algorithm is introduced to improve estimations of daily streamflow time series at sites with incomplete records based on the concept of conditional independence in graphical models. The goal is to fill in gaps of historical data or extend records at streamflow stations no longer in operation or even estimate s... |
This paper describes a framework for flexible multiple hypothesis testing of autoregressive time series. The modeling approach is Bayesian, though a blend of frequentist and Bayesian reasoning is used to evaluate procedures. |
The drug overdose crisis in the United States continues to intensify. Fatalities have increased five-fold since 1999 reaching a record high of 108,000 deaths in 2021. |
Principal component analysis is a useful dimension reduction and data visualization method. However, in high dimension, low sample size asymptotic contexts, where the sample size is fixed and the dimension goes to infinity,a paradox has arisen. |
Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease affecting millions worldwide, is characterized by its variable course, in which some patients will experience a more benign disease course and others a more active one, with the latter leading to permanent neural damage and disability. Methods: This study uses... |
Industrial operations have grown exponentially over the last century, driving advancements in energy utilization through vehicles and <a href="http://machinery.This" rel="external noopener nofollow" class="link-external link-http">this http URL</a> growth has significant environmental implications, necessitating the us... |
Political actors often manipulate redistricting plans to gain electoral advantages, a process known as gerrymandering. Several states have implemented institutional reforms to address this problem, such as establishing map-drawing commissions. |
We present new estimators for the statistical analysis of the dependence of the mean gap time length between consecutive recurrent events, on a set of explanatory random variables and in the presence of right censoring. The dependence is expressed through regression-like and overdispersion parameters, estimated via co... |
When using multiple data sources in an analysis, it is important to understand the influence of each data source on the analysis and the consistency of the data sources with each other and the model. We suggest the use of a retrospective value of information framework in order to address such concerns. |
With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, various studies have focused on predicting the trajectory and risk factors of the virus and its variants. Building on previous work that addressed this problem using genetic and epidemiological data, we introduce a method, Geo Score, that also incorporates geographic, socioe... |
Citizen science datasets can be very large and promise to improve species distribution modelling, but detection is imperfect, risking bias when fitting models. In particular, observers may not detect species that are actually present. |
Numerous variable selection methods rely on a two-stage procedure, where a sparsity-inducing penalty is used in the first stage to predict the support, which is then conveyed to the second stage for estimation or inference purposes. In this framework, the first stage screens variables to find a set of possibly relevan... |
Wind energy has significant potential owing to the continuous growth of wind power and advancements in technology. However, the evolution of wind speed is influenced by the complex interaction of multiple factors, making it highly variable. |
We propose a multivariate model for the number of hits on a set of popular websites, and show it to accurately reflect the behavior recorded in a data set of Internet users in the United States. We assume that the random vector of visits is distributed according to a censored multivariate normal with marginals transfo... |
The distribution of deaths by cause provides crucial information for public health planning, response, and evaluation. About 60% of deaths globally are not registered or given a cause, limiting our ability to understand disease epidemiology. |
Characterising the interactions between spiking neurons is central to our understanding of cognitive processes such as memory, perception and decision making. In this work, we consider the problem of inferring connectivity in the brain network from non-stationary high-dimensional spike train data. |
Efficient optimization of operating room (OR) activity poses a significant challenge for hospital managers due to the complex and risky nature of the environment. The traditional "one size fits all" approach to OR scheduling is no longer practical, and personalized medicine is required to meet the diverse need... |
Tests for racial bias commonly assess whether two people of different races are treated differently. A fundamental challenge is that, because two people may differ in many ways, factors besides race might explain differences in treatment. |
When measuring Henry's Law constants ($k_H$) using the phase ratio method via headspace gas chromatography (GC), the value of $k_H$ of the compound under investigation is calculated from the ratio of the slope to the intercept of a linear regression of the the inverse GC response versus the ratio of gas to liquid v... |
This paper introduces PoSSUM, an open-source protocol for unobtrusive polling of social-media users via multimodal Large Language Models (LLMs). PoSSUM leverages users' real-time posts, images, and other digital traces to create silicon samples that capture information not present in the LLM's training data. |
Wind power forecasting is essential to power system operation and electricity markets. As abundant data became available thanks to the deployment of measurement infrastructures and the democratization of meteorological modelling, extensive data-driven approaches have been developed within both point and probabilistic ... |
Motivated by a study of acute kidney injury, we consider the setting of biomarker studies involving patients at multiple centers where the goal is to develop a biomarker combination for diagnosis, prognosis, or screening. As biomarker studies become larger, this type of data structure will be encountered more frequent... |
Purpose: PFS is often used as a surrogate endpoint for OS in metastatic breast cancer studies. We have evaluated the association of treatment effect on PFS with significant HR$_{OS}$ (and how this association is affected by other factors) in published prospective metastatic breast cancer studies. |
We study and predict the evolution of Covid-19 in six US states from the period May 1 through August 31 using a discrete compartment-based model and prescribe active intervention policies, like lockdowns, on the basis of minimizing a loss function, within the broad framework of partially observed Markov decision proces... |
Forcing someone into marriage against their will is a violation of their human rights. In 2021, the county of Nottinghamshire, UK, launched a strategy to tackle forced marriage and violence against women and girls. |
Least mean square-partial parallel interference cancelation (LMS-PPIC) is a partial interference cancelation using adaptive multistage structure in which the normalized least mean square (NLMS) adaptive algorithm is engaged to obtain the cancelation weights. The performance of the NLMS algorithm is mostly dependent to... |
Partial feedback in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems provides tremendous capacity gain and enables the transmitter to exploit channel condition and to eliminate channel interference. In the case of severely limited feedback, constructing a quantized partial feedback is an important issue. |
We provide a mathematical formulation and develop a computational framework for identifying multiple strains of microorganisms from mixed samples of DNA. Our method is applicable in public health domains where efficient identification of pathogens is paramount, e.g., for the monitoring of disease outbreaks. |
Cyber-physical systems (CPS) have been increasingly attacked by hackers. Recent studies have shown that CPS are especially vulnerable to insider attacks, in which case the attacker has full knowledge of the systems configuration. |
This paper provides a quantitative method for estimating the risk associated with candidate transportation technology, before it is developed and deployed. The proposed solution extends previous methods that rely exclusively on low-fidelity human-in-the-loop experimental data, or high-fidelity traffic data, by adoptin... |
Understanding the structure of our universe and the distribution of matter is an area of active research. As cosmological surveys grow in complexity, the development of emulators to efficiently and effectively predict matter power spectra is essential. |
Strategic planning in a corporate environment is often based on experience and intuition, although internal data is usually available and can be a valuable source of information. Predicting merger & acquisition (M&A) events is at the heart of strategic management, yet not sufficiently motivated by data analyti... |
The characteristics of influenza seasons varies substantially from year to year, posing challenges for public health preparation and response. Influenza forecasting is used to inform seasonal outbreak response, which can in turn potentially reduce the societal impact of an epidemic. |
At the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, a number of non-pharmaceutical interventions have been implemented in order to reduce transmission, thus leading to multiple phases of transmission. The disease reproduction number $R_t$, a way of quantifying transmissibility, has been a key part in assessing the impact of such i... |
We propose a novel approach for distributed statistical detection of change-points in high-volume network traffic. We consider more specifically the task of detecting and identifying the targets of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. |
Due to the rapid development of high-throughput experimental techniques and fast-dropping prices, many transcriptomic datasets have been generated and accumulated in the public domain. Meta-analysis combining multiple transcriptomic studies can increase the statistical power to detect disease-related biomarkers. |
In this study, we present a Bayesian hierarchical framework to model fluid-induced seismicity. The framework is based on a non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) with a fluid-induced seismicity rate proportional to the rate of injected fluid. |
For civil structures, structural damage due to severe loading events such as earthquakes, or due to long-term environmental degradation, usually occurs in localized areas of a structure. A new sparse Bayesian probabilistic framework for computing the probability of localized stiffness reductions induced by damage is p... |
We provide a new solution to the long-standing problem of inferring causality from observations without modeling the unknown mechanisms. We show that the evolution of any dynamical system is related to a predictive asymmetry that quantifies causal connections from limited observations. |
Multi-event detection and recognition in real time is of challenge for a modern grid as its feature is usually non-identifiable. Based on factor model, this paper porposes a data-driven method as an alternative solution under the framework of random matrix theory. |
Invisible units mainly refer to small-scale units that are not monitored by, and thus are not visible to utilities. Integration of these invisible units into power systems does significantly affect the way in which a distribution grid is planned and operated. |
1. The utilisation distribution describes the relative probability of use of a spatial unit by an animal. It is natural to think of it as the long-term consequence of the animal's short-term movement decisions: it is the accumulation of small displacements which, over time, gives rise to global patterns of space u... |
We offer a numerical study of the effect of headstarting on the performance of a Shiryaev-Roberts (SR) chart set up to control the mean of a normal process. The study is a natural extension of that previously carried out by Lucas and Crosier for the CUSUM scheme in their seminal 1982 paper published in Technometrics. |
Due to its impact, COVID-19 has been stressing the academy to search for curing, mitigating, or controlling it. However, when it comes to controlling, there are still few studies focused on under-reporting estimates. |
Our work is motivated by and illustrated with application of association networks in computational biology, specifically in the context of gene/protein regulatory networks. Association networks represent systems of interacting elements, where a link between two different elements indicates a sufficient level of simila... |
Visualization is an essential operation when assessing the risk of rare events such as coastal or river floodings. The goal is to display a few prototype events that best represent the probability law of the observed phenomenon, a task known as quantization. |
Hospitals commonly project demand for their services by combining their historical share of regional demand with forecasts of total regional demand. Hospital-specific forecasts of demand that provide prediction intervals, rather than point estimates, may facilitate better managerial decisions, especially when demand o... |
The correlation matrix of massive biomedical data (e.g. gene expression or neuroimaging data) often exhibits a complex and organized, yet latent graph topological structure. We propose a two step procedure that first detects the latent graph topology with parsimony from the sample correlation matrix and then regulariz... |
Network enrichment analysis is a powerful method, which allows to integrate gene enrichment analysis with the information on relationships between genes that is provided by gene networks. Existing tests for network enrichment analysis deal only with undirected networks, they can be computationally slow and are based o... |
Nous montrons comment il est possible d'utiliser l'algorithme d'auto organisation de Kohonen pour traiter des données avec valeurs manquantes et estimer ces dernières. Après un rappel méthodologique, nous illustrons notre propos à partir de trois applications à des données réelles. |
Measurement of well-being has been a highly debated topic since the end of the last century. While some specific aspects are still open issues, a multidimensional approach as well as the construction of shared and well-rooted systems of indicators are now accepted as the main route to measure this complex phenomenon. |
For a given region, we have a dataset composed of car theft locations along with a linked dataset of recovery locations which, due to partial recovery, is a relatively small subset of the set of theft locations. For an investigator seeking to understand the behavior of car thefts and recoveries in the region, several ... |
In the UK, US and elsewhere, school accountability systems increasingly compare schools using value-added measures of school performance derived from pupil scores in high-stakes standardised tests. Rather than naively comparing school average scores, which largely reflect school intake differences in prior attainment,... |
Representative democracy in the United States relies on election systems that transmit votes into representatives in three key bodies: the two chambers of the federal legislature (House of Representatives and Senate) and the Electoral College, which selects the President and Vice-President. This happens through a proc... |
Ordinal scores occur commonly in medical imaging studies and in black-box forensic studies \citep{Phillips:2018}. To assess the accuracy of raters in the studies, one needs to estimate the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve while accounting for covariates of raters. |
In recent years, spatial and spatio-temporal modeling have become an important area of research in many fields (epidemiology, environmental studies, disease mapping). In this work we propose different spatial models to study hospital recruitment, including some potentially explicative variables. |
The US Census Bureau plans to protect the privacy of 2020 Census respondents through its Disclosure Avoidance System (DAS), which attempts to achieve differential privacy guarantees by adding noise to the Census microdata. By applying redistricting simulation and analysis methods to DAS-protected 2010 Census data, we ... |
The paper uses diffusion models to understand the main determinants of diffusion of solar photovoltaic panels (SPP) worldwide, focusing on the role of public incentives. We applied the generalized Bass model (GBM) to adoption data of 26 countries between 1992-2016. |
We study the U.S. Operations Research/Industrial-Systems Engineering (ORIE) faculty hiring network, consisting of 1,179 faculty origin and destination data together with attribute data from 83 ORIE departments. A social network analysis of faculty hires can reveal important patterns in an academic field, such as the e... |
We consider a study of players employed by teams who are members of the National Basketball Association where units of observation are functional curves that are realizations of production measurements taken through the course of one's career. The observed functional output displays large amounts of between player... |
Some partial orderings which compare probability distributions with the expo- nential distribution, are found to be very useful to understand the phenomenon of ageing. Here, we introduce some new generalized partial orderings which de- scribe the same kind of characterization of some generalized ageing classes. |
The paper is devoted to the consequences of blind random selection of items from different item populations that might be based on completely uncorrelated factors for item inter-correlations and corresponding factor loadings. Based on the model of essentially parallel measurements, we explore the consequences of prese... |
Large uncertainties in many phenomena have challenged decision making. Collecting additional information to better characterize reducible uncertainties is among decision alternatives. |
Load forecasting at distribution networks is more challenging than load forecasting at transmission networks because its load pattern is more stochastic and unpredictable. To plan sufficient resources and estimate DER hosting capacity, it is invaluable for a distribution network planner to get the probabilistic distri... |
A quarter-century of statistical research has shown that census coverage surveys, valuable as they are in offering a report card on each decennial census, do not provide usable estimates of geographical differences in coverage. The determining reason is the large number of ``doubly missing'' people missing bot... |
Differential abundance analysis is a key component of microbiome studies. Although dozens of methods exist there is currently no consensus on the preferred methods. |
Hierarchical models are a powerful tool for high-throughput data with a small to moderate number of replicates, as they allow sharing information across units of information, for example, genes. We propose two such models and show its increased sensitivity in microarray differential expression applications. |
We study the Bayesian inverse problem of inferring the permeability of a porous medium within the context of a moving boundary framework motivated by Resin Transfer Molding (RTM), one of the most commonly used processes for manufacturing fiber-reinforced composite materials. During the injection of resin in RTM, our a... |
With the establishment of global biological monitor network and development of remote sensing technology, data won't be a limitation, but the variance brought by spatial heterogeneous and fractal will influence correlation coefficient significantly with the enlarged sample scale. Those impede us to find more intri... |
Forecasts of monsoon rainfall for India are made at national scale. But there is spatial coherence and heterogeneity that is relevant to forecasting. |
While many studies have previously conducted direct comparisons between results obtained from frequentist and Bayesian models, our research introduces a novel perspective by examining these models in the context of a small dataset comprising phonetic data. Specifically, we employed mixed-effects models and Bayesian re... |
Woodall and Montgomery [35] in a discussion paper, state that multivariate process control is one of the most rapidly developing sections of statistical process control. Nowadays, in industry, there are many situations in which the simultaneous monitoring or control, of two or more related quality - process characteri... |
In this paper, we study the estimation of $R=P [Y < X ]$, also so-called the stress-strength model, when both $X$ and $Y$ are two independent random variables with the generalized linear failure rate distributions, under different assumptions about their parameters. We address the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE)... |
The measurements with the background estimation from an off-zone are widely used in astrophysics, accelerator physics and other areas. Usually, the expected number of the background events in the off-zone and in the on-zone is known with a limited precision. |
In this article we identify social communities among gang members in the Hollenbeck policing district in Los Angeles, based on sparse observations of a combination of social interactions and geographic locations of the individuals. This information, coming from LAPD Field Interview cards, is used to construct a simila... |
We conduct an extensive meta-regression analysis of counterfactual programme evaluations from Italy, considering both published and grey literature on enterprise and innovation policies. We specify a multilevel model for the probability of finding positive effect estimates, also assessing correlation possibly induced ... |
Background: Determining sample sizes for metabolomic experiments is important but due to the complexity of these experiments, there are currently no standard methods for sample size estimation in metabolomics. Since pilot studies are rarely done in metabolomics, currently existing sample size estimation approaches whi... |
Monitoring aboveground biomass (AGB) and its density (AGBD) at high resolution is essential for carbon accounting and ecosystem management. While NASA's spaceborne Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) LiDAR mission provides globally distributed reference measurements for AGBD estimation, the majority of ... |
Age-period-cohort analysis is mathematically intractable because of fundamental nonidentifiability of linear trends. However, some understanding can be gained in the context of individual problems. |
In clinical trials, a covariate-adjusted response-adaptive (CARA) design allows a subject newly entering a trial a better chance of being allocated to a superior treatment regimen based on cumulative information from previous subjects, and adjusts the allocation according to individual covariate information. <br>Since... |
We provide a systematic treatment of $D$-optimal design for binary regression and quantal response models in toxicology studies. For the two-parameter case, we provide an analytical equation (WC equation) for computing the $D$-optimal design quickly and when analytical solution is not available, we apply particle swar... |
For all diseases, prevalence has been carefully studied. In the "classic" paradigm, the prevalence of different diseases has usually been studied separately. |
This paper develops methodology that provides a toolbox for routinely fitting complex models to realistic spatial point pattern data. We consider models that are based on log-Gaussian Cox processes and include local interaction in these by considering constructed covariates. |
The frequency response function (FRF) is a typical way to describe the outcome of experiments where posture control is perturbed with an external stimulus. The FRF is an empirical transfer function between an input stimulus and the induced body segment sway profile, represented as a vector of complex values associated... |
Ocean warming significantly affects the fishing industry, with species like Scottish herring and mackerel migrating northwards. Our research, a fusion of artificial intelligence, data science, and operations research, addresses this crisis. |
Models of electrical excitation and recovery in the heart have become increasingly detailed, but have yet to be used routinely in the clinical setting to guide personalized intervention in patients. One of the main challenges is calibrating models from the limited measurements that can be made in a patient during a st... |
The volatile nature of wind power generation creates challenges in achieving secure power grid operations. It is, therefore, necessary to make accurate wind power prediction and its uncertainty quantification. |
Most historical National Football League (NFL) analysis, both mainstream and academic, has relied on public, play-level data to generate team and player comparisons. Given the number of oft omitted variables that impact on-field results, such as play call, game situation, and opponent strength, findings tend to be mor... |
Continuous soil-moisture measurements provide a direct lens on subsurface hydrological processes, notably the post-rainfall "drydown" phase. Because these records consist of distinct, segment-specific behaviours whose forms and scales vary over time, realistic inference demands a model that captures piecewise ... |
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