DexHeim/plaything · Datasets at Hugging Face

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small UAV’s in a civilian airspace presents its own
challenges, for example in the event that there is a need to
avoid a forced landing due to collision or due to failings of
an aircraft’s control system. Their research is based on
lessons learned through aviation history and how they can
implement that into present day aviation. They believe that
it is expected that all UAS will have the ability to operatesafely in variable weather conditions and in both controlled
and uncontrolled airspace due to the advancement in
technologies. All UAS will stay clear of each other as well
as manned aircraft and all UAV operators and systems will
be required to have up to date awareness of traffic
constraints from the ground upwards. The aims of the UTM
model is to be flexible in certain areas but vigorously
structured in other areas when it is required. It is a risk -
based model that is currently aimed at low risk
environments and will eventually progress in to higher risk
scenarios and environments.
One of the key attributes of NASA’s UAS UTM system
design is that it would not require any human operators to
monitor the vehicles closely at all times. It is proposed that
in its fully developed form the system could be further
developed to have the following autonomous programming
characteristics that include; self -configuration, self -protection from airborne hazards, land hazards and self -
optimisation during the mission in relation to current and
predicted weather conditions. NASA also hopes to deliver
two types of UTM systems with one being a portable UTM
system that can be transported between areas to support
operations. Whilst the second proposed concept would be
in constant availability for a geographical area. This would
enable the possibility of BVLOS applications to be
delivered safely within this area [20]. Working with NASA
in this development is Gryphon Sensors who at present
have developed a sensor system that detects, identifies and
tracks UAS. By using their main product Skylight, it
provides an integrated picture consisting of radar for long
range detection, spectrum sensing, controllers transiting
radio frequency signals and Electro -Optical/Infrared (EO/
IR) cameras for visual detection of potential hazards [22].
Sense and avoid technologies are a must and arefundamental part of any equipment that is to be used for
BVLOS applications.
IV . RADAR FOR UAS A PPLICATIONS
Radar is a prerequisite for UTM applications for
unmanned aircraft. One of the most notable is the Foretem
DroneHunter UAV (Fig. 4), which operates a BVLOS as a
defence for day and night aerial security and boast as being
the first counter drone system that can operate BLOS
(Beyond Line of Sight) [23]. The UAV is equipped with a novel piece of hardware
called the Fortem TrueView radar model R20 and is based
on radar technology used by the US department of defence
drone programme. It provides the pilot the ability to detect
objects from the air at long ranges to enhance the avoidance
of other aircraft, aerial objects and other structures. One of
the main additions of this device is the option for complete
end to end integration which in turn allows for command
and controlled autopilots [24]. It is also proposed thatautopilots will be able to execute mission safely even in
more crowded spaces due to TrueView Radar as it can
detect obstacles in its surroundings with sufficient time to
determine the potential of an incident and then in turn stay
well clear by manoeuvring to a safe place or to a safe
distance.
As well as the Foretem TrueView radar, Sematica
Aerospace have developed the Zeus Radar System that has
been specifically designed for UAS [25]. The system has
been described to enhance situational awareness of any air
bound craft entering the nearby airspace by using state of
the art solid state radar and advanced signal processing
techniques. Solid state radar has the ability to conduct
‘sweeps’ that can be adjusted in real time by the operator
and embodies a range of different signals can be employed
for more efficient signal processing [26]. This type of radar
can use Doppler radar as well as pulsed radar without theneed for extra equipment so that it cannot only see objects
within its airspace but also calculate and determine if the
objects are moving. Although not a new technique the fact
that it has been developed and engineered for UAS means
that BVLOS could be one step closer.
Another company that has been working with NASA to
develop sense and avoid (SAA) systems is Vigilant
Aerospace who have completed successful testing of its
new and recently developed FlightHorizon detect and
avoidance system [27].
This software provides the operator and autopilots with
complete situational awareness, detect and avoid system.
By gathering data from various sources such as aviation
transponders, ground based radar pulses and air traffic
warnings. Vigilant Aerospace also incorporated an
exclusive NASA patent software, which forms the
backbone of the FlightHorizon product. The invention and
patent by Arteaga [28] which is basically an ADS -B systemdetails that traffic information will be included in the
transmission and through telemetry communication that is
transmitted to a remote ground system. The invention goes
Fig. 4. Foretem DroneHunter in action [23].further to propose the methods for displaying a general
layout of aviation traffic information in possibly three or
four-dimensional trajectories using an industry standard
Earth Browser for heightened situational awareness and an
enhanced visual range of possible traffic and obstacles in its
flight path. It is also claimed that the novel invention can
enable and enhance visual acquisition of traffic and traffic
alerts [28].
V. BVLOS M ISSIONS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
In France BVLOS has been permitted since 2012 and

small UAV’s in a civilian airspace presents its own

challenges, for example in the event that there is a need to

avoid a forced landing due to collision or due to failings of

an aircraft’s control system. Their research is based on

lessons learned through aviation history and how they can

implement that into present day aviation. They believe that

it is expected that all UAS will have the ability to operatesafely in variable weather conditions and in both controlled

and uncontrolled airspace due to the advancement in

technologies. All UAS will stay clear of each other as well

as manned aircraft and all UAV operators and systems will

be required to have up to date awareness of traffic

constraints from the ground upwards. The aims of the UTM

model is to be flexible in certain areas but vigorously

structured in other areas when it is required. It is a risk -

based model that is currently aimed at low risk

environments and will eventually progress in to higher risk

scenarios and environments.

One of the key attributes of NASA’s UAS UTM system

design is that it would not require any human operators to

monitor the vehicles closely at all times. It is proposed that

in its fully developed form the system could be further

developed to have the following autonomous programming

characteristics that include; self -configuration, self -protection from airborne hazards, land hazards and self -

optimisation during the mission in relation to current and

predicted weather conditions. NASA also hopes to deliver

two types of UTM systems with one being a portable UTM

system that can be transported between areas to support

operations. Whilst the second proposed concept would be

in constant availability for a geographical area. This would

enable the possibility of BVLOS applications to be

delivered safely within this area [20]. Working with NASA

in this development is Gryphon Sensors who at present

have developed a sensor system that detects, identifies and

tracks UAS. By using their main product Skylight, it

provides an integrated picture consisting of radar for long

range detection, spectrum sensing, controllers transiting

radio frequency signals and Electro -Optical/Infrared (EO/

IR) cameras for visual detection of potential hazards [22].

Sense and avoid technologies are a must and arefundamental part of any equipment that is to be used for

BVLOS applications.

IV . RADAR FOR UAS A PPLICATIONS

Radar is a prerequisite for UTM applications for

unmanned aircraft. One of the most notable is the Foretem

DroneHunter UAV (Fig. 4), which operates a BVLOS as a

defence for day and night aerial security and boast as being

the first counter drone system that can operate BLOS

(Beyond Line of Sight) [23]. The UAV is equipped with a novel piece of hardware

called the Fortem TrueView radar model R20 and is based

on radar technology used by the US department of defence

drone programme. It provides the pilot the ability to detect

objects from the air at long ranges to enhance the avoidance

of other aircraft, aerial objects and other structures. One of

the main additions of this device is the option for complete

end to end integration which in turn allows for command

and controlled autopilots [24]. It is also proposed thatautopilots will be able to execute mission safely even in

more crowded spaces due to TrueView Radar as it can

detect obstacles in its surroundings with sufficient time to

determine the potential of an incident and then in turn stay

well clear by manoeuvring to a safe place or to a safe

distance.

As well as the Foretem TrueView radar, Sematica

Aerospace have developed the Zeus Radar System that has

been specifically designed for UAS [25]. The system has

been described to enhance situational awareness of any air

bound craft entering the nearby airspace by using state of

the art solid state radar and advanced signal processing

techniques. Solid state radar has the ability to conduct

‘sweeps’ that can be adjusted in real time by the operator

and embodies a range of different signals can be employed

for more efficient signal processing [26]. This type of radar

can use Doppler radar as well as pulsed radar without theneed for extra equipment so that it cannot only see objects

within its airspace but also calculate and determine if the

objects are moving. Although not a new technique the fact

that it has been developed and engineered for UAS means

that BVLOS could be one step closer.

Another company that has been working with NASA to

develop sense and avoid (SAA) systems is Vigilant

Aerospace who have completed successful testing of its

new and recently developed FlightHorizon detect and

avoidance system [27].

This software provides the operator and autopilots with

complete situational awareness, detect and avoid system.

By gathering data from various sources such as aviation

transponders, ground based radar pulses and air traffic

warnings. Vigilant Aerospace also incorporated an

exclusive NASA patent software, which forms the

backbone of the FlightHorizon product. The invention and

patent by Arteaga [28] which is basically an ADS -B systemdetails that traffic information will be included in the

transmission and through telemetry communication that is

transmitted to a remote ground system. The invention goes

Fig. 4. Foretem DroneHunter in action [23].further to propose the methods for displaying a general

layout of aviation traffic information in possibly three or

four-dimensional trajectories using an industry standard

Earth Browser for heightened situational awareness and an

enhanced visual range of possible traffic and obstacles in its

flight path. It is also claimed that the novel invention can

enable and enhance visual acquisition of traffic and traffic

alerts [28].

V. BVLOS M ISSIONS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)

In France BVLOS has been permitted since 2012 and