name large_stringclasses 12
values | year large_stringdate 2013-01-01 00:00:00 2014-01-01 00:00:00 | category large_stringclasses 6
values | qid int64 1 235 | qtext large_stringlengths 5 1.24k | ra int64 1 5 | answers large listlengths 5 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 95 | Iron deficiency anemia is treated with oral or parenteral preparations: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Only ferrous salts should be used orally."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Only ferric salts should be used orally."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Orally, the most appropriate form is the iron-dextran complex."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Orally, the treatment shou... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 96 | Acetylsalicylic acid is a compound whose pKa is 3.5. What percentage of a dose of this product can be absorbed in the stomach fasting (pH 1.5)? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Less than 10%"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Between 10% and 20%."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "More than 90%"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Between 20% and 40%."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "50%"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 97 | Beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They cause hypotension in individuals with normal blood pressure."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "They increase the atrio-ventricular conduction velocity."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "They cause negative inotropism."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "They provoke a po... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 98 | The access of drugs to the central Nervous System is conditioned by the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BHE) barrier: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Increases its permeability in case of inflammation."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is homogeneous throughout the encephalon."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It is traversed freely by fat-soluble drugs."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It is maximum in the chemorece... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 99 | Woman, 63 years old, in treatment for bone cancer. He has intense pains so he uses morphine daily. Faced with complaints of constipation, it is proposed as a laxative of choice: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Methylcellulose"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Glycerin."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Loperamide."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Methylnaltrexone"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Racecadotril."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 100 | In relation to clopidogrel, it is false that: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is structurally related to thienopyridines."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It inhibits adenyl cyclase, and therefore increases cAMP levels."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It has a low index of myelotoxicity in relation to ticlopidine."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 101 | Of the indicated indications, which of them is authorized for the ACEI? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Angioedema"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Pulmonary hypertension in neonates."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Diabetic nephropathy"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Benign prostatic hyperplasia."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Narrow angle glaucoma."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 102 | In patients with digitalized congestive heart failure, when administering a diuretic, it must necessarily be: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "A loop diuretic or high ceiling."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "A thiazide."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "An osmotic diuretic."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "A potassium-sparing diuretic."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "A diuretic carbonic anhydrase inhibito... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 103 | The sedation and drowsiness that mirtazapine produces are directly related to its interaction with the receptors: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "5-HT1."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Adrenergic 1 and 2."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Histaminergic H1."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "GABA"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Muscarinic cholinergic"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 104 | With regard to the alkaloids derived from ergoline: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They can be obtained by fermentation of pure Claviceps purpurea cultures and derived from phenylalanine and isoprene obtained by the mevalonic acid route (MVA)."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "They can be obtained by fermentation of pure cultures of Claviceps purpurea and derived... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 105 | Vinblastine and vincristine are: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Indolemonoterpenic alkaloids, dimeric with antiarrhythmic activity."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Alkaloids derived from phenylalanine, monomeric with arrhythmic activity."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Indolemonoterpenic alkaloids, dimeric with antitumor activity."
},... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 107 | An important factor to be taken into account in drugs with a high degree of binding to plasma albumin is the concentration of this protein. Indicate which of the following assumptions the concentration of plasma albumin is reduced: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Hypothyroidism"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Neurosis."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Psychosis."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Multiple myeloma."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Schizophrenia."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 108 | In the two-compartment model, the hybrid constant "alpha", which governs the decrease in the plasmatic levels of the drug in the rapid disposition phase, encompasses the processes of: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Absorption and elimination."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Distribution-return and elimination."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Absorption and distribution-return."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Metabolism and excretion."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Distrib... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 109 | The term "Absolute bioavailability" refers to: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The fraction or percentage of drug dose that after being administered in a certain pharmaceutical form has unchanged access to the biophase compared to an intravenous preparation thereof."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The fraction or percentage of drug dose that after being adm... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 110 | The third generation cephalosporins: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Your representative is cefepima."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "They should be avoided in Enterobacter infections."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "They are not useful in meningitis secondary to pneumococcus."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "They are of choice in menin... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 111 | The formation of the complex called Aminophylline improves the solubility of one of the following drugs: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Theophylline"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Digoxin"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Ampicillin"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Thioridazine."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Ciclosporin"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 112 | In the monocompartmental model, the shock dose for a drug that follows linear kinetics is administered in multiple doses orally and absorbed extraordinarily quickly; It can be calculated as: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The ratio between the maintenance dose and the dosage interval."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The product of the maintenance dose by the rate constant of absorption."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The quotient between the dosing interval and the absorption rate constant.... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 113 | For bi-component drugs it is true that: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The apparent volume of the distribution decreases with time from a maximum value to a value that becomes constant."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The apparent volume of distribution as a function of the area is greater than the apparent volume of distribution in the steady state... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 114 | It has been proved that the dissolution speed of the solvate that is formed when the griseofulvin and the chloroform are associated, is: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Less than the unsolvated form of the drug."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Limiting step of the disintegration of the tablets in which the drug is formulated."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Greater than the unsolvated form of the drug."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": ... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 115 | Indicate the correct units of a zero order rate constant: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "mg-1."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "h-1."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "mg / h."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "g X h / mL."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "mL / h."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 116 | The following hepatic biotransformation reactions of drugs are type II, except for: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Glucuronidation."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Desamination"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Methylation"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Conjugation with glycine."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Acetylation"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 117 | Which of the following statements about the steady-state infusion of a drug is true? | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The concentration reached in steady state of equilibrium depends exclusively on the clearance."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The time necessary to reach the steady state of equilibrium depends on the volume of distribution."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The concentratio... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 118 | To estimate the plasma clearance of a drug (CLIR) that presents a linear kinetic behavior and is excreted significantly in the urine, in a patient with renal failure (RI), it is necessary to know: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Clearance of creatinine in the uremic patient (CLcrIR) and in individuals with normal renal function (CLcrFRN)."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The renal clearance of the drug in patients with normal renal function (CLrFRN), CLcrIR and CLcrFRN."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext"... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 119 | What would be the coefficient of hepatic extraction of a drug and its hepatic clearance if it is known that in a situation of equilibrium the concentration in arterial blood, from the entrance to the liver is 8 g / mL and that of venous blood, from discharge to the same organ, is 4 g / mL? Consider a hepatic flow of ... | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "4.0 and 360 L / h."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "0.5 and 45 L / h."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "1.0 and 90 L / h."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "0.25 and 20 L / h."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "2.0 and 180 L / h."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 120 | Grapefruit juice is: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "A potent enzyme inducer of cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4)."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "A potent enzyme inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4)."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "A promoter of the absorption of drugs administered orally."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "An ad... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 121 | The hepatic clearance of a drug, mainly eliminated by metabolism, which has a high degree of hepatic extraction and a high binding to plasma proteins: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is significantly influenced by the hepatic blood flow."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is significantly influenced by changes in the degree of plasma protein binding."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It is significantly influenced both by hepatic blood flow and by chan... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 122 | Indicate which of the following compounds is a fibrous protein: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Chymotrypsin"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Cytochrome c."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Alpha-keratin"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Lysozyme"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Ribonuclease."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 123 | Thiamine pyrophosphate (PPT) is not coenzyme of: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Pyruvate dehydrogenase (synthesis of acetyl CoA)."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (citric acid cycle)."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Transketolase (pentose phosphate pathway)."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Transaldolase (pentose p... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 124 | Relating components of human milk and immune system, it is FALSE that: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Lactoferrin protects against infections due to its ability to bind iron."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The casein peptides have antimicrobial and immunostimulant activity."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Cytokines modulate the immune system in childhood."
},
{
"ai... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 125 | Which enzyme uses FAD as a coenzyme? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Isocitrate dehydrogenase."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Succinate dehydrogenase."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Malate dehydrogenase."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Lactate dehydrogenase."
... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 126 | In relation to the consumption of dietary fiber, it is true that: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It must be balanced (25% soluble and 75% insoluble, approximately)."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The higher the consumption of fiber, the lower the water intake."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The products made with refined seeds have a high fiber content."
},
{
... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 127 | It is a heteropolysaccharide: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Hyaluronan"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Cellulose."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Chitin"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Dextran"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Glycogen"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 128 | The interaction between the urea cycle and the citric acid cycle is carried out at the level of: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Uric acid."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Succinate"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Ammonia."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Urea."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Fumarate"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 129 | Inhibitors of hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), such as statins: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They increase intracellular cholesterol synthesis."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "They cause a decrease in the number of LDL receptors present on the surface of hepatocytes."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "They decrease the intracellular synthesis of triacylglycerides."
... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 130 | Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH): | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It catalyzes the reversible transformation of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA and vice versa."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It catalyzes the irreversible carboxylation of pyruvate into citrate, and with it, its entry into the citric acid cycle."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 131 | Aspirin is an inhibitor of the synthesis of: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Sterols"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Prostaglandins"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Phosphoacylglycerides."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Arachidonic acid."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Glycerophospholipids."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 132 | In response to an increase in the concentration of adrenaline and circulating glucagon: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It activates the phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase and the degradation of glycogen."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It increases the intracellular concentration of cAMP, and therefore, the synthesis of glycogen."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It decreases the intra... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 133 | Which of the following metabolites is a gluconeogenic substrate: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Ethanol."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Oleic acid."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Acetyl-CoA."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "NADPH + H +."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Glycerol."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 134 | A carnitine deficiency is associated with: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The inhibition of protein catabolism."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "An increase in renal protein catabolism."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "A failure in the entry of muscle fatty... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 135 | The binding of O2 to hemoglobin: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Follow a hyperbolic kinetics."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It favors the transition from Fe2 + to Fe3 + in the heme group of the protein."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Induces the deprotonation of the protein."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It is facilitated in ... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 136 | The toxic effect of antimycin and cyanide is due to its interaction with: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The systems of transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The cytochromes of the mitochondrial electronic transport chain."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The enzymes of glycolysis."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The dehydrogenase... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 137 | A coenzyme is: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "A molecule of an organic nature, necessary for the activity of an enzyme."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The inorganic part of an enzyme."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "A molecule of a protein nature, necessary for the activity of an enzyme."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"a... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 138 | To analyze the binding sites of proteins to DNA, the technique of: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Western blot."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Immunoprecipitation of chromatin."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALDI)."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Fingerprint."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Denaturing gel electrophoresis.... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 139 | The sequencing of an oligosaccharide is done by: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Degradation Edman."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Chromatography Whatman."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Patch-Clamp."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Mass spectrometry."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Capillary electrophoresis."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 140 | What would happen if the DNA carried OH in carbon 2 'of the pentose? | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "That instead of thymine should carry uracil."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "That would be more sensitive to hydrolysis."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "That instead of in the nucleus it would be in the cytoplasm."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "That it could not form... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 141 | What is the PCNA or nuclear cell proliferation antigen? | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is a protein that prevents the double helix from forming in the replication bubble."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is a protein that increases the ability to replicate long fragments of eukaryotic DNA polymerase."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It is the protein resp... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 142 | Which of the following situations would noticeably decrease the transcription of a gene? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The presence of a repressor and an inducing molecule."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The binding of RNA polymerase to DNA."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The presence of a repressor and a correpressor molecule."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The presence of an acti... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 143 | How is the correction of an erroneous amino acid incorporated in the process of translation in the ribosome carried out? | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "There is no possibility of elimination of an amino acid in the synthesis of proteins."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Through the aminoacyl peptidase activity of the ribosome."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "A dipeptidase removes the wrong amino acid, before proceeding with... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 144 | The acetylation of the stories affects the transcription: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Blocking the incorporation of other components of the transcription machinery."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Preventing the remodeling of chromatin."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Facilitating the action of helicases."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Decreasing the ... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 145 | During DNA replication: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The two strands are synthesized continuously."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Ribozymes intervene."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates are oxidized."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "A primasa intervenes."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"at... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 146 | The unwinding and supercoiling of DNA are controlled by the: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Helicasas"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Topoisomerases"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "DNA ligases."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Telomerases"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "DNA polymerase"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 147 | The antibiotic tetracycline: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It binds to the 30S subunit and inhibits the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Inhibits the peptidyltransferase activity of the 50S ribosomal subunit."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits translocation."... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 148 | The 2-microglobulin: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is a low molecular weight immunoglobulin."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is found in high concentration in platelets."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It filters freely through the glomerulus and is secreted by the tubule."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It is a... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 149 | The diagnostic sensitivity of an analytical magnitude for a certain disease is: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "1 / specificity."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It depends on the prevalence of the disease."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It is the number of patients that give positive results among all possible individuals."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It is the quotient bet... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 150 | In a plasma protein electrophoresis pattern, in what region will haptoglobin migrate? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "In the region 1."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "In the region ."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "In the region 2."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "In the region 1 2."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "In no position that it is not a protein."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 151 | Hemolysis in a serum sample interferes with the determination of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) due to: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The release of adenylate cyclase (catalyst enzyme of the reaction)."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The interference produced by hemoglobin."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The high concentration of said enzyme in the cytoplasm of erythrocytes."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 152 | A dyslipidemia with phenotype IIa of Fredrickson may have its origin in mutations in the gene of: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The LDL receptor."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The Apo CII."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The Apo A-II."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "The Apo B-48."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 153 | Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and mucous membranes due to increased levels of bilirubin) may be of cholestatic origin (pathway obstruction) or hepatocellular damage. Indicate the correct answer: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "In cholestatic jaundice we observed: persistent alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increase without elevation of gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT)."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "In hepatocellular jaundice there is a slight increase in GGT (<5 times the upper limit of reference) and a... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 154 | The determination of fecal occult blood is useful when there is a suspicion of: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Anemia due to iron deficiency."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Biliary cholestasis."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Helicobacter pylori infection."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Colon carcinoma"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Celiac Disease."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 155 | A 58-year-old patient diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia. The most indicated treatment would be: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Interferon."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Hydroxyurea"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Imatinib."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Rituximab"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Busulfan."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 156 | When in a laboratory report we observed that the patient presents an increase in the concentration of transferrin with a decrease in its saturation, we can think of: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Pernicious anemia."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Sickle-cell anaemia."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Thalassemia major."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Hereditary spherocytosis."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Anemia due to iron deficiency."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 157 | Base peak in a mass spectrum is called a: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The largest or most intense peak."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The heaviest pair peak."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The lightest isotopic peak."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The peak that corresponds to its nominal mass."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "T... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 158 | In ion exchange chromatography, the carboxylic acid functional group is used as: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "As a strong anion exchanger in ion exchange resins."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "As a strong cation exchanger in ion exchange resins."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "As a weak anion exchanger in ion exchange resins."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "As a weak cation ... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 159 | In a flight time analyzer in mass spectrometry: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Ions with low m / z or lighter values arrive more quickly at the detector."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Ions with high m / z or heavier values arrive more quickly at the detector."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The ions do not reach the detector."
},
{
"aid"... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 161 | The alkaline error in the glass electrode is due to | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The membrane responds to other anions besides the hydroxyl ion."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The membrane responds to other anions besides the hydrogen ion."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The membrane responds to other cations in addition to the hydrogen ion."
},
{
... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 162 | In capillary electrophoresis, in relation to the electroosmotic flow, it can be stated that: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The flow profile is parabolic."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "The flow profile is practically flat and / or uniform."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "You can not know its form and direction."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "The profile of the flow is always inverted."
... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 163 | HPLC (High Efficiency Liquid Chromatography) uses packings with a range of size or particle diameter typical of: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "3-10 Armstrong."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "3-10 Nanometers."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "3-10 Millimeters."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "3-10 Micrometers."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "3-10 Centimeters"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 164 | The calibration curves used in chemical analysis: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They represent the response of an analytical method to unknown concentrations of analyte."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "They use standard samples that contain the solvent used in the analytical method, but without analyte."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "They use a standa... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 165 | The determined (or systematic) errors that can be committed in an analytical method: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "They cause the data to spread more or less symmetrically with respect to a mean value."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "They have a definite value and an assignable cause, giving rise to a bias in the results of a series of measures."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "They come... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 166 | What does the amperometric detector measure in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)? | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Potential difference."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Electric conductivity."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Thermal conductivity."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Electric resistance."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Intensity of electric current."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 167 | The deviation of Beer's law by the use of non-monochromatic radiation can lead to deviations from linearity when representing absorbance versus concentration due to: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Different molar absorptivities of the absorbent species."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Very similar molar absorptivities of the radiations of the polychromatic beam."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "That the radiant power of the incident beam is modified."
},
{
"ai... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 168 | Which of the following chemical equilibria is heterogeneous? | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Acid-base balance."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Balance of complex formation."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Precipitation balance"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Oxidation-reduction balance."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "All those balances that take place... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 169 | In the assessment of a strong base with a strong acid (at 25ºC): | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Before the equivalence point, the pH is determined by the excess H + of the solution."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "After the equivalence point, the excess of hydroxyl ions OH- in the solution determines the pH."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "At the equivalence point the... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 170 | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a chelating agent widely used as a titrator in complexometric assessments that are characterized by: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "To make possible the EDTA titration of many metals in alkaline solutions an auxiliary complexing agent is used which prevents the metal ion from precipitating as hydroxide."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "EDTA forms complexes of 1: 2 stoichiometry with some metal ions and therefo... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 171 | Starch is a specific indicator used to indicate the endpoint in redox titrations with: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Cerium."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Iodo."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Bromine."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Permanganate."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Dichromate"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 172 | The term A of the Van Deemter equation, known as "multiple paths", "swirl diffusion" or "Eddy diffusion": | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It increases as the particle size of the stationary phase increases."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It decreases with increasing particle size of the stationary phase."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It is greater in the open capillary columns than in the filling columns."... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 173 | In consecutive reactions of first order, the global kinetic constant: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Presents units of concentration-1 time-1."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Presents units of time-1."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Equivalent to the ratio of the kinetic constants of each stage."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Corresponds to the sum of the kinetic co... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 174 | An ideal diluted solution is characterized by: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "All components comply with Raoult's law."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Only the solute complies with Raoult's law."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The solvent complies with Henry's law."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "All components comply with Henry's law."
},
... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 175 | The triple point of a phase diagram of a component: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Presents 3 degrees of freedom, according to the rule of the phases."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Presents 1 degree of freedom, according to the rule of the phases."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It is characterized because the liquid and gas phases are indistinguishable... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 176 | The entropy of a system: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It is a state function."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It is an intensive variable."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Indicates the spontaneity of any process."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It is defined in the First Principle of Thermodynamics."
},
{
"aid": ... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 177 | The difference in solute concentration inside and outside the cell gives rise to an osmotic pressure: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Whose measurement allows to determine molar masses of small molecules."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Due to the passage of solute through the cell membrane."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "That corresponds to the pressure that must be applied to interrupt the passage of s... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 178 | According to the Arrhenius equation (k = A e-Ea / RT): | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "The speed of a reaction is directly proportional to the temperature."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "A high activation energy implies that the speed constant depends markedly on the temperature."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "The pre-exponential factor or frequency factor ... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 179 | The molecularity of an elementary reaction corresponds: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "At the initial concentration of reagent."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "To the number of molecules that are found to react."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "To the number of collisions of the reactants per unit of time."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "At the final con... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 180 | He has been considered the father of modern Toxicology for his clinical, pathological and forensic contributions to this science: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Paracelsus"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Claudio Bernard."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Richard Alzheimer."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Mateo Orfila."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Hippocrates"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 181 | The FAB (antibody fragments that bind antigens) are used as antidotes to poisoning by: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Digoxin"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Barbiturates"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Derived amphetamines."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Salicylates."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Antihistamines"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 182 | One of the following compounds produces liver damage as the main toxic effect: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Diethylene glycol."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Methanol"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Acetone."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Benzene."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Carbon tetrachloride."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 183 | Naloxone is used in the treatment of poisoning with: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Opiates"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Benzodiazepines."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Barbiturates"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Tricyclic antidepressants."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Digitálicos."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 184 | The paraquat herbicide produces mainly: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Lung damage"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Hematological abnormalities."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Neurotoxicity"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Ocular toxicity."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Ototoxicity"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 185 | When performing the Ames test, what result would reveal that the compound is a mutagen? | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Abnormal division in mouse uterus cells."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Abnormal growth in mouse."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Proliferation of a hamster ovary cell culture."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Reversal in the growth characteristics of Salmonella."
}... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 186 | The most reactive oxygen radical species and, therefore, most dangerous is: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Superoxide anion"
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Hydrogen peroxide."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Ion superoxide"
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Radical hydroxyl."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "It depends on the tissue."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 187 | From among the following, indicate the most toxic substance according to the 50 lethal dose value: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Strychnine."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Nicotine."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Morphine."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Botulinum toxin."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Curare."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 188 | Cinnamaldehyde is an aldehyde present in: | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Camphor."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Vanilla."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Almond oil."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Jasmine oil"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Cinnamon."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 189 | The reaction of ketones and aldehydes by the presence of their carbonyl group preferably gives: | 3 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Nucleophilic substitution reactions."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Oxidation reactions to alcohols."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Nucleophilic addition reactions."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Reduction reactions to carboxylic acids."
},
{
"aid": 5,
... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 190 | The reaction of benzene with tertbutyl chloride, in the presence of aluminum trichloride, is an example of: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Electrophilic aromatic substitution."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Addition of halogens."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Acid catalyzed hydrolysis."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Obt... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 191 | Acid chlorides can be transformed into carboxylic acids: | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "Through a hydrolysis catalyzed by an acid or a base."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Through a reduction reaction with lithium aluminum hydride."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "Through a reduction reaction with sodium borohydride."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Throu... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 192 | The organometallic compounds are derivatives: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "With a radical nature."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "With covalent bonds between carbon atoms and metal atoms."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "With electronic deficit and electrophilic character."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "Practically not reactive."
},
{
... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 193 | An amine, due to the pair of non-bonding electrons that nitrogen possesses: | 4 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "It can be considered as an electrophile."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "It can be considered as a Lewis acid."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "It can act as a nucleophilic reagent attack center."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "It can be considered as a nucleophile."
... |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 194 | Which of the following hydrides has the highest normal boiling point? | 5 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "SiH4."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "CH4"
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "HCl."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "PH3."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "HF"
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 195 | Which of the following atoms provides the strongest hydrogen bond in the corresponding hydrides? | 1 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "F."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "Cl."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "OR."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "S."
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "P."
}
] |
Cuaderno_2013_1_F | 2013 | pharmacology | 196 | Rhombic sulfur, the most stable form of sulfur, is made up of molecules of the following type: | 2 | [
{
"aid": 1,
"atext": "S 2."
},
{
"aid": 2,
"atext": "S 8."
},
{
"aid": 3,
"atext": "S 4."
},
{
"aid": 4,
"atext": "S 6"
},
{
"aid": 5,
"atext": "Sn (n = 10-14)."
}
] |
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