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Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
197
Which of the following molecules has triangular plane geometry?
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "BF3." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "NH3." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "AsH3." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "XeO3." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "ClF3." } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
198
Which of the following molecules has a simple covalent bond?
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "C2." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "N 2" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "O 2" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "O 3." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "F 2" } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
199
Which of the following molecules has the highest number of antibonding electrons?
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "B2." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "N 2" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Li2." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "F 2" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "O 2" } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
201
The covers of connective tissue that surround, protect and maintain the brain and spinal cord within the cranial cavity and the spinal canal are called meninges. Which of the following statements is correct?
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The meninges are not made up of connective tissue." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "The pia mater adheres to the brain and spinal cord." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The arachnoid is the thickest and most external." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "The dura adheres to ...
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
202
How is the pigmented and highly vascularized layer of the posterior wall of the eyeball called?
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Iris." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Choroid" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Ciliary body." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Sclera" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Retina." } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
203
Which glands are located between the skin and the masseter muscle, in front and under the outer ear?
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Parotid glands" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Submandibular glands" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Sublingual glands" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Mouth glands" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Lieberkühn's glands." } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
204
The tube of very small diameter and about 6 meters in length that runs along the posterolateral side of the testicle and connects with the vas deferens, is it called?
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Prostate." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Epididymis" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Urethra." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Epéndimo." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Seminiferous tubule." } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
205
Indicates which bone is the lesser trochanter:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Fibula." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Tibia." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Humerus." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Femur." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Radio." } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
206
Which of the following muscles is an example of abductor?
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Pectoral major." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Trapeze." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Dorsal width." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Anterior rectus of the abdomen." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Deltoid." } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
207
We took a simple random sample of 1000 people, and for each one we checked whether or not he got the flu in 2012 and whether or not he got the flu in 2012. We obtained two responses for each of the 1000 people. To evaluate if there is an association between these two qualitative variables (having flu or not) and (havin...
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "We draw a quantile-quantile graph." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "We perform a t test for the difference of means." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "We calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "We make a contrast of the signs for th...
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
208
The square of Pearson's correlation coefficient is:
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The coefficient of variation." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "The coefficient of determination." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The slope of the regression line." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "The regression coefficient." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "The cova...
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
209
In a population 60% of the inhabitants are men. The random variable "number of men in a group of 10 people" follows a distribution of type:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Binomial." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Chi squared." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Poisson" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Normal." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Student's t" } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
210
The second quartile is the same as the:
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Arithmetic average." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Geometric mean." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Harmonic half" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Fashion." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Median." } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
211
Indicate the correct option regarding the quality of life of a patient who goes through three consecutive health conditions with utility values ​​of 0.45 the first, 0.68 the second and 0.95 the third:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The best quality of life corresponds to the third state of health through which it passes." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "The best quality of life corresponds to the first state of health through which it passes." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The quality of life depends ...
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
212
Which of the following is NOT a complete economic evaluation?
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Cost minimization analysis." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Analysis of direct and indirect costs." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Cost-effectiveness analysis." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Cost-utility analysis." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Cost-benefit an...
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
213
In accounting, which of the following elements should be included in the LIABILITIES of an estate?
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Credits in favor of third parties." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Quantities that customers owe." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Money in banks." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Money in credit institutions." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "The store." } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
214
The acronym ECM, in the labeling of medicines, has the meaning of:
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "European Competency Medication [acronym in English]." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Marketing Container for Wholesalers." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Special Medical Control." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Mechanical Control Package." }, { "aid": 5, "...
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
215
In general, and in accordance with the state legislation on pharmacy offices, the minimum population module for the opening of these establishments is:
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "2,500 inhabitants per establishment." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "1,000 inhabitants per establishment." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "1,500 inhabitants per establishment." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "2,000 inhabitants per establishment." }, { "aid": 5, ...
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
216
The complementary drug protection certificate has a maximum duration of:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Five years." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Seven years." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Ten years." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Fifteen years." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Twenty five years." } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
217
What type of pathology corresponds to chronic granulomatous disease.
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Congenital agammaglobulinemia." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "T cell deficit" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Severe combined immunodeficiency." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Deficit in the microbicidal capacity of phagocytes." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Co...
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
218
Type III hypersensitivity reactions are characterized by:
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The activation of mast cells." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "The deposit of immunocomplexes." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The activation of macrophages." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Appearance of a neutrophil infiltrate." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Cy...
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
219
Of the following pairs of surface molecules, what is used by the virgin T lymphocytes to extravasate to the lymph node?
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "CCR7 and L-selectin." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "VCAM and L-selectin." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "CCR7 and ICAM-1." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "CCR9 and L-selectin." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "CCR4 and VCAM-1." } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
220
The primary function of interleukin 2 (IL-2) is:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Induce activation of macrophages." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Promote isotype changes in immunoglobulins produced by activated B cells." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Induce the synthesis of acute phase proteins by hepatocytes." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Pro...
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
221
What type of pathology corresponds to type I insulin-dependent diabetes?
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Congenital immunodeficiency." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Autoimmune disease." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "IgE-mediated hypersensitivity." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Hypersensitivity due to immunocomplexes." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Immunoprolife...
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
222
The simultaneous expression of IgM and IgD as membrane immunoglobulins occurs in:
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "B cells that respond to thymoindependent antigens." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "B cells that respond to thymus-dependent antigens." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Activated B cells stimulated by Interleukin 4 (IL-4)." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Immature virgin ...
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
223
Different cytokines induce the isotype change of the different classes of antibodies. Of the following cytokine / isotype pairs, choose the correct one:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "IL-4 / IgE." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "IL-4 / IgM." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "IL-5 / IgG." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "IFN- / IgM." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "TGF- / IgA." } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
224
The Mantoux test (reaction to tuberculin) is:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "A delayed hypersensitivity reaction." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "An immediate hypersensitivity reaction." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "A hypersensitivity reaction by immunocomplexes." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "A non-specific inflammation reaction." }, {...
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
225
In the Th2-B cooperation process, what does the Th2 cell recognize on the surface of the B cell?
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The antigen bound to a surface immunoglobulin." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "A fragment of antigen bound to the CD21 molecule." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Several cross-linked antigen fragments." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "A fragment of antigen bound to a cl...
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
226
In which of the drugs with antiviral activity does the purine base called guanine appear?
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Lamivudine" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Zidovudine" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Ribavirin" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Acyclovir" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Didanosine" } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
227
Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes are the microorganisms most commonly found in meningitis in:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Neonates" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Immunocompromised." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Women." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Hospitalized patients." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Elderly." } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
228
Indicate which of the following is an alteration of the pyrimidine metabolism:
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Thrombophilia" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Phenylketonuria" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Wilson's disease" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Urine disease with the smell of maple syrup." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Orotic hereditary acidity." } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
230
The control of the acid-peptic disease is mainly achieved with PPIs (proton pump inhibitors). The PPIs:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "They induce the maximum inhibition of gastric secretion after 3-5 days." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "They are less effective than H-2 antagonists." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "They are used as monotherapy to eradicate Helicobacter pylori." }, { "aid": 4, "...
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
231
Transcription factors:
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "They bind to chromatin by interaction with histone H2A." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "They bind to RNA and regulate the start of transcription." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "They join the DNA." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "They are organized into nucleosomes." ...
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
232
As to the height of the plate (H) in a column chromatographic separation it can be said that:
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It is inversely proportional to the variance (standard deviation of the band)." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It is directly proportional to the number of theoretical plates and inversely proportional to the length of the column." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It is direc...
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
233
The humerocubital joint is an example of:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Saddle joint." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Condylar articulation." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Pivot joint (trochoid)." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Hinge joint (trochlea)" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Artrodia." } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
234
In Spain, the body in charge of determining the special conditions of prescription and dispensing of medicines in the National Health System (S.N.S.) is:
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The Spanish Agency of Medicines and Health Products." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "The National Institute of Consumption." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The General Directorate of the Basic Portfolio of Services of the S.N.S. and Pharmacy." }, { "aid": 4, "at...
Cuaderno_2013_1_F
2013
pharmacology
235
Of the following surface markers, one of them is expressed only in the virgin T lymphocytes, while the rest are also found in the population of activated T lymphocytes. Which?
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The adhesion molecule L-selectin." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "The T lymphocyte receptor (TCR)." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The integrin LFA-1." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "The CD4 co-receptor molecule." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "The integrin VLA-...
Cuaderno_2013_1_M
2013
medicine
1
Question linked to image nº1 40-year-old man with no relevant background. For 4 weeks, refers to diarrheic stools, associated with jaundice of skin and mucous membranes, coluria, hypocholia and pain in right hypochondrium, accompanied by weight loss (10 kg approx) and intense itching. In the analytical highlights: Tota...
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "A tumoral mass is observed in the head of the pancreas that causes biliary and ductal dilatation compatible with adenocarcinoma." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Presence of diffuse thickening of the pancreas with arcuate Wirsung compatible with lymphoplasmacytic pancreatitis." ...
Cuaderno_2013_1_M
2013
medicine
2
Question linked to image # 1 In the previous patient, which of the following treatments is indicated?
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Biliary drainage through retrograde endoscopic and systemic chemotherapy." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Duodenopancretectomy cephalic with vascular resection." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Hepatic embolization with charged spheres of chemotherapy." }, { "aid": 4...
Cuaderno_2013_1_M
2013
medicine
3
Question linked to image nº2 A 67-year-old woman with a history of poorly controlled hypertension, undergoing insulin treatment for diabetes mellitus and controlled by a hematology service for the study of myelodysplastic syndrome. Three weeks ago, a pustular lesion with necrotic borders began to grow, causing a large ...
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Specific cutaneous infiltration of its myeloproliferative process." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Necrobiois lipoidica." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Ulcer due to diabetic microangiopathy." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Pyoderma gangrenosum." }, { "aid": 5...
Cuaderno_2013_1_M
2013
medicine
4
Question linked to image nº2 The same type of pathology can occur in other contexts. Point out which of them is more likely:
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Hypothyroidism" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Hyperthyroidism." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Ulcerative colitis" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Scleroderma" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Glucagonoma" } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_M
2013
medicine
5
Question linked to image nº3 A 64-year-old woman with no history of interest, with progressive dyspnea of ​​several weeks of evolution, whose frontal chest radiograph suggests a practically definitive radiological diagnosis. What would this be?
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Pulmonary thromboembolism with infarcts." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Pneumonia due to Pneumocystis jiroveci." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Alveolar proteinosis." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Pulmonary edema." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Chronic eosino...
Cuaderno_2013_1_M
2013
medicine
6
Question linked to image # 3 In relation to the suspected diagnosis you have established, what would be the most appropriate confirmation test?
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Determination of pulmonary capillary pressure, using a Swan-Ganz catheter." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Bronchoalveolar lavage." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Thoracic computed tomography (pulmonary arteries)." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Determination of eosin...
Cuaderno_2013_1_M
2013
medicine
7
Question linked to image nº4 70-year-old man, active smoker, who underwent a chest radiological study as a preoperative protocol for prostatic hypertrophy. What would be the fundamental semiological finding of this radiological image?
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Encapsulated left pleural effusion." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Tumor of the anterior soft tissues of the thorax." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Collapse of the left upper lobe." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Anterior mediastinal mass." }, { "aid": 5, ...
Cuaderno_2013_1_M
2013
medicine
8
Question linked to image # 4 What would be the most likely radiological diagnosis to justify this finding?
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Central bronchogenic carcinoma." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Left phrenic paralysis." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Anterior thoracic wall abscess." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Left pleural mesothelioma." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Anterior mediastina...
Cuaderno_2013_1_M
2013
medicine
9
Question linked to image no. 5 A 41-year-old man referred for presenting for more than 5 years bilateral alternating gluteal pain predominantly nocturnal, which interferes with sleep and relieves with mobilization. It is accompanied by stiffness for more than 1 hour after inactivity. Denies pain, swelling or deformity ...
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Fracture of Looser- Osteomalacia." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Bilateral sacroiliitis - Ankylosing spondylitis." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Coexistence of lytic and blastic lesions Paget's disease." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Blastic lesions - Prostatic ade...
Cuaderno_2013_1_M
2013
medicine
10
Question linked to image # 5 In relation to this patient, which of the following treatments would not be useful?
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Indomethacin" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Etoricoxib." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Systemic corticosteroids" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Physiotherapy." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Adalimumab." } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_M
2013
medicine
11
Question linked to the image nº6 A friend of his 37 years shows him the photograph of his own right hand that is shown in the image A. He had made a cold day in November and tells him that after a few minutes regained its normal color With a magnifying magnifying glass, look at the B image in the nail bed. What is the ...
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Systemic sclerosis" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Acrocyanosis" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Livedo reticularis." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Raynaud's disease." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Cold agglutinin disease." } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_M
2013
medicine
12
Question linked to image nº6 Which of the following medications would you not recommend:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Nifedipine" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Sildenafil" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Prazosin" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Atenolol." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Losartan" } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_M
2013
medicine
13
Question linked to image nº7 A 31-year-old patient, with no previous history of interest, consulted due to muscle weakness of a few months of evolution that has progressively made it difficult for her to go up and down stairs. Physical examination is notable for the desquamative papuloerithematous lesions seen in the f...
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Vasculitis type panarteritis nodosa." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Systemic lupus erythematosus." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Dermatomyositis" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Myositis with inclusion bodies." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Sarcoidosis" } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_M
2013
medicine
14
Question linked to image # 7 Among the complementary tests that could help us better define the clinical picture of the patient are all but one. Point it out
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Thoracoabdominal CT." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Gynecological exploration." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Autoantibodies that include ANA and antisintetase." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Electromyography" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Arteriography of t...
Cuaderno_2013_1_M
2013
medicine
15
Question linked to image nº8 A 75-year-old patient with a history of hypertension and hyperuricemia. In treatment with ACE inhibitors and allopurinol 100 mg daily. He went to the emergency room for a picture of several days of evolution of inflammatory rhythm pain in the small joints of the hands of progressive course ...
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The drainage of yellowish whitish material through the skin is synonymous with infection and requires the initiation of antibiotic treatment immediately." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "If the analysis of the synovial fluid showed a cell count between 2000 and 60,000 / μl, it wou...
Cuaderno_2013_1_M
2013
medicine
16
Question linked to image # 8 In relation to the previous case, how would you approach the initial treatment of this patient?
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The treatment is the use of allopurinol at a minimum dose of 800 mg daily, so the dose used by the patient should be increased early." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "During the acute phase, the treatment is NSAIDs, which can be associated with colchicine." }, { "aid": 3, ...
Cuaderno_2013_1_M
2013
medicine
17
Question linked to image no. 9 A 64-year-old patient complains of easy fatigability after a few months of evolution and loss of appetite, although she has not observed any weight loss. We are struck by the facies that it presents when we observe it (see image). Before proceeding with the interrogation and the clinical ...
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "TSH" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "CK" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Hemogram, iron, ferritin." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Proteinuria" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "ANA." } ]
Cuaderno_2013_1_M
2013
medicine
18
Question linked to image no. 9 To rule out situations that may simulate the patient's manifestations and establish a differential diagnosis, we must continue with the interrogation. One of the following habits or antecedents would be difficult to relate to the facial alterations observed. Point out which one.
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Habit of stretching the hairs (trichotillomania)." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "A sexually transmitted disease" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Contact with people or geographic areas with leprosy." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Drug intake." }, { "aid": 5, ...
Cuaderno_2013_1_M
2013
medicine
19
Question linked to image nº10 A 74-year-old man, asymptomatic, who in a routine laboratory test has leucocytes 37,000 / mL, hemoglobin 15,7 g / dL, platelets 190,000 / mL. In the examination, adenopathies and organomegalies are not appreciated. An extension of peripheral blood is made (image). What is the most likely d...
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Viriasis" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Chronic myeloid leukemia" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Chronic lymphatic leukemia." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Myelodysplastic syndrom...
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Question linked to image nº10 Given this clinical picture, what would be the most appropriate treatment?
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Do not treat; wait and see." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Interferon." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Chlorambucil and prednisone." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Inhibitors of bcr / abl (imatinib)." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Cyclophosphamide, vincristine...
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21
Question linked to the image nº11 The ultrasound image presented to him corresponds to a 37-year-old woman who consulted for non-traumatic right back pain associated with fever. Based on that background and the sonographic findings, point out the correct answer:
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "An enlarged gallbladder with a double-walled sign is observed." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "The findings suggest perinephric abscess with free perirenal fluid." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The image does not provide enough data to help the diagnosis." }, { "ai...
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Question linked to image nº11 In relation to the treatment of this patient, indicate the correct answer:
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It would be necessary to perform evacuation puncture guided by CT of the perinephritic collection and prescribe broad spectrum antibiotic therapy." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Urinary diversion is the key in the initial management of cases with hydronephrosis and deterioration...
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Question linked to image nº12 An 88-year-old woman with a history of Alzheimer's dementia, mitral insufficiency and persistent atrial fibrillation, enters a hospital due to a deterioration in her general condition that is attributed to a urinary tract infection. The peripheral venous routes are not accessible and it is...
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Right subclavian vein" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Right jugular vein" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Vena cava superior." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Right basilic vein." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Brachiocephalic trunk." } ]
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Question linked to image # 12 What is the most reasonable attitude at this time ?:
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Remove the entire catheter and reinsert it." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Extract about 10 cm the catheter and install the appropriate treatment." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Channel another central venous line through the jugular vein." }, { "aid": 4, "ate...
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Question linked to the image nº13 A 12-year-old boy who goes to primary care Pediatrics for fever, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. On cardiopulmonary auscultation, he presents with an ejection systolic murmur II / VI in a pulmonary focus with a fixed second unfolded noise, the remainder being the normal physical...
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It is a normal ECG." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "He presents a first-degree atrioventricular block as the only alteration." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It presents a left extreme QRS axis." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "It presents a QRS axis deviated to the ri...
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Question linked to image # 13 What would be the suspicion of the pediatrician and what other complementary tests would be done to confirm it?
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "I would suspect an innocent murmur and I would not do any more tests." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Given that it presents a left anterior hemiblock, it could be a partial atrioventricular canal (CIA ostium primun and cleft mitral), so a chest radiograph and an echocardiogram w...
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Question linked to image nº14 A 75-year-old woman consulted for abdominal pain and increased abdominal perimeter. It does not refer previous history of liver disease. On physical examination, the abdomen is bulging with central tympany and changing dullness in the flanks. There are no masses or visceromegalies. In the ...
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Peritoneal pseudomyxoma." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Krukenberg's tumor." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Peritoneal mesothelioma." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Ovarian adenocarcinoma." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Colon adenocarcinoma." } ]
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Question linked to image nº14 Once the diagnosis of suspicion has been confirmed. What is the most correct therapeutic behavior?
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy with taxol-carboplatin." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Gastrectomy with double adnexectomy." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Laparoscopy with peritoneal washes and infusion of mitomycin and 5-fluorouracil." }, { "aid": 4, "...
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Question linked to image nº15 A 67-year-old patient who reported a decrease in unilateral visual acuity and rapidly evolving metamorphopsia. The attached retinography presents the image of the affected eye. The most likely diagnosis would be:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Macular degeneration associated with exudative age." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Retinal detachment." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Retinitis pigmentosa" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Central vein thrombosis of the ischemic retina." }, { "aid": 5, "at...
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Question linked to image nº15 The following diagnostic test that is most appropriate to perform in this patient is:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Angiofluoresceingraphy." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Visual evoked potentials." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Vitreous sampling using vitrectomy." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Nuclear magnetic resonance." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Computerized field."...
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Question linked to the image nº16 Patient of 48 years smoker. Consultation due to symmetrical and bilateral reddening in both feet accompanied by burning pain (image). The general examination, the neurological examination and the peripheral pulses are normal. The analytical highlights: Hb 16.8 g / dl, leukocytes 12,400...
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Livedo reticularis." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Erythromelalgia." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Buerger's disease" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Systemic mastocytosis." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Mixed cryoglobulinemia." } ]
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Question linked to image # 16 Which of the following will support the diagnosis of the underlying disease?
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[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Cutaneous biopsy." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Microangiography" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Determination of cryoglobulins." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Serum tryptase." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "JAK 2 mutation study." } ]
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Question linked to image nº17 The following figure describes the survival function of the variable progression free of disease (Progression-free Survival, PFS) by the Kaplan-Meier method of two groups of patients. Group A: patients treated with the best support treatment (Best Suportive Care, BSC). Group B: patients wh...
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The gain in terms of the median time to progression in Group B does not exceed two weeks in relation to Group A." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "To interpret the results of these two survival curves, it is necessary and sufficient to evaluate and contrast the percentages of progr...
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Question linked to image nº17 Which of the following statements is correct:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "All the patients in the study except one had progression of the disease at 50 weeks of follow-up." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Since the survival curves overlap at the end of the follow-up time, the results should not be described as statistically significant." }, { "a...
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35
The placenta is a derivative of:
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The zona pellucida." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "The trophoblast." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The ectoderm" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "The mesoderm" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "The primitive line." } ]
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Juan is 60 years old, smokes 2 packs / day for years and has been talking about persistent cough for 6 months. Check that your left eyelid is more droopy and that the pupil of that eye is smaller. Juan says that the medial part of his left hand is numb and less powerful. Your doctor checks for palpebral ptosis and left...
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The sympathetic fibers, at some level that would span from the hypothalamus to the Clark-intermediate column of the dorsal medulla." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "The left common ocular motor nerve in the mesencephalon." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The nucleus of Edinge...
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37
What root predominantly depends on the sensory innervation of the first toe?
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "L3." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "L4." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "L5" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "S1" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "L2." } ]
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38
The human papilloma virus (HPV) is involved in the pathogenesis of:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Cervical cancer" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Endometrial cancer." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Ovarian cancer." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Breast cancer" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Burkitt lymphoma." } ]
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39
Hepatocytes in ground glass are characteristic of:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Chronic hepatitis by HBV." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Chronic HCV hepatitis." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Chronic hepatitis by VH delta." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Toxic hepatitis." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Hepatitis for alcohol." } ]
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40
The most common pancreatic cancer is:
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The intraductal mucinous papillary tumor." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "The malignant insulinoma." }, { "aid": 5, "ate...
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41
A 20-year-old man, with symptoms of ataxia, headache and solid-cystic mass in the right cerebellar hemisphere, underwent surgery, resecting a lesion that histologically shows cells with long and fine cytoplasmic processes, a fascicular and microcystic pattern, and numerous vessels and fibers. Rosenthal. The most likely...
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Pilocytic astrocytoma." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Central neurocytoma." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Liponeurocytoma" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Prion disease." } ]
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42
A 70-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and moderate heart failure attended the clinic due to a persistent and dry cough that started as a sensation of itching in the throat. In the analytical hyperkalemia is observed. What is the drug suspected of causing the clinical and analytical alteration of the patien...
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Hydrochlorothiazide." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Bisoprolol." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Furosemide." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Enalapril" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Hydralazine" } ]
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43
What factors depends on the apparent volume of distribution of a drug ?:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Its degree of binding to plasma and tissue proteins and its elimination half-life." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Of its distribution coefficient and its elimination half-life." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Of its elimination half-life and its elimination constant." },...
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44
What is a prodrug?
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "A drug of series of a therapeutic class." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "A drug that has been withdrawn from the market." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "An inactive product that is enzymatically converted to an active drug." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "A compound o...
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45
Which of the following pairings between anticoagulant drug and mechanism of action is INCORRECT?
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Heparin - cofactor of antithrombin III." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Acenocoumarol - inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Dabigatran - inhibits thrombin." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Rivaroxaban - inhibits factor Xa." }, { ...
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46
Orally administered proton pump inhibitor drugs:
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Neutralize hydrochloric acid from gastric secretion." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "They dye the stools black." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "They block the histaminergic receptor." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "They block the gastrin receptor." }, { "aid":...
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47
Indicate which of the following statements about vascular smooth muscle is FALSE:
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Its main function is to maintain the tone of the vessels." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It is contracted by an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Its contraction is controlled by the binding of calcium to troponin." }, ...
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48
In a clinical trial of an antineoplastic drug, a significant increase in plasma levels of LDL (low density lipoproteins) is observed. Indicate among the following statements which is correct in the interpretation and consequences of this fact:
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "LDL represents the transport mode of cholesterol from the intestine to the liver. Therefore, they reflect a greater incorporation of cholesterol from lipid intake." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "LDL is involved in the reverse transport of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to t...
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49
The glomerular filtration rate increases when:
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Increases the resistance in the glomerular afferent arteriole." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Decreases the resistance in the glomerular efferent arteriole." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Increases the activity of the renal sympathetic nerves." }, { "aid": 4, ...
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50
A thirty-five-year-old man (index case) affected by ataxia and with clinical manifestations for three years, presents an expansive trinucleotide CAG mutation in heterozygosis in the ATXN1 gene. The molecular diagnosis is of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1; 6p22.3) and in the genetic report it is said that the disea...
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Being the male index case, all female descendants will inherit ataxia; but no male child." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "The mutation will be transmitted to 50% of the descendants of the index case, who will develop ataxia from some point in their life." }, { "aid": 3, ...
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51
A 30-year-old man (index case) affected by Leber's optic atrophy presents the mutation of the mitochondrial genome LHON11778A. In genetic counseling you will be informed of the risks of transmitting the disease to your offspring. What information is correct?
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The index case will transmit the disease to all its male descendants (holándrica inheritance)." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "The disease will be transmitted to 50% of the descendants of the index case, regardless of their sex." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The disease w...
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52
What are the possibilities, in each pregnancy, of parents bearing a mutation in the CFTR gene, having a child with cystic fibrosis?
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "0.01." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "0.1" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "0,25." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "0.5." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "one." } ]
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53
Which of the following answers is true about the HLA molecules?
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "They are very polymorphic nuclear proteins." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "They are divided into molecules of class IgG, IgA and IgM." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "They join peptides and present them on the cell surface." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "They interac...
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54
In which of the following clinical contexts is NOT the use of intravenous gammaglobulins recommended?
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Substitute treatment in humoral immunodeficiencies (defect in the formation of antibodies)." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Prevention of monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS)." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Treatment of Kawasaki syndrome." }, { "a...
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55
Among the biological advantages of fever is NOT found.
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Inhibits bacterial growth." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Increases bactericidal activity of phagocytes." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Stimulates the alternative route of the complement." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "It stimulates the synthesis of acute phase pro...
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56
Which of the following cytokines exert an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effect?
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Tumor necrosis factor-beta." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Interleukin-17, Interleukin-22." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Interleukin-10, Transforming growth factor...
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57
The reactivation of a latent cytomegalovirus in an immunosuppressed patient can lead to a severe systemic picture. How would the ethological diagnosis?
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Detecting the specific IgG in the serum." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "By urine culture in an advanced cell line." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "By chain reaction of quantitative polymerase in the blood." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "By detection of antigen in th...
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58
In routine clinical practice, in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who are undergoing antiretroviral treatment, the laboratory tool that is used to, in the short term, know if the treatment is being effective is:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The levels of CD4 T lymphocytes, which increase rapidly if the treatment is being effective." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Anti-HIV antibody levels, which decrease when a combination of antivirals is effective." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "P24 antigenemia, which increa...
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59
Which of the following hepatitis viruses is a subsidiary of treatment with viral protease inhibitors?
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The hepatitis C virus" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "The hepatitis B virus" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The hepatitis A virus" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "The hepatitis E virus" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "The TTV virus." } ]
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60
Which of the following pathogens is the cause of cat scratch disease?
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Bartonella henselae." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Mycobacterium tuberculosis." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Mycobacterium avium complex." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Toxoplasma gondii." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Epstein Barr virus." } ]
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex includes the bacillus that causes human tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis hominis, Koch's bacillus), as well as other mycobacteria, among which are the following, except one:
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Mycobacterium bovis." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Mycobacterium africanum." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Mycobacterium microti." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Mycobacterium avium-intracellular...
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An 82-year-old patient comes to the clinic due to sudden and frequent dizziness, without prodromes, of short duration and that subside spontaneously, without ever presenting syncope. The physical examination and the baseline electrocardiogram are normal. In an ambulatory record of the electrocardiogram during 24 hours,...
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The patient has an atrioventricular block of 3rd degree and requires the implantation of a pacemaker." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "The absence of periods of asystole> 3 seconds excludes a cardiac cause of dizziness." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "A pharmacological treat...
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A 82-year-old hypertensive woman on treatment with atenolol, hydrochlorothiazide and digoxin. He goes to the emergency room for atrial fibrillation and is administered verapamil i.v. Complete atrioventricular block is evidenced in ECG. What is the most likely cause of this clinical situation?
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Digitalis intoxication by pharmacokinetic interaction by verapamil." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Hypokalemia due to the administration of thiazide and digoxin." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Pharmacodynamic interaction of beta-blocker, digoxin and verapamil." }, { ...