identifier
stringlengths 1
43
| dataset
stringclasses 3
values | question
stringclasses 4
values | rank
int64 0
99
| url
stringlengths 14
1.88k
| read_more_link
stringclasses 1
value | language
stringclasses 1
value | title
stringlengths 0
200
| top_image
stringlengths 0
125k
| meta_img
stringlengths 0
125k
| images
listlengths 0
18.2k
| movies
listlengths 0
484
| keywords
listlengths 0
0
| meta_keywords
listlengths 1
48.5k
| tags
null | authors
listlengths 0
10
| publish_date
stringlengths 19
32
⌀ | summary
stringclasses 1
value | meta_description
stringlengths 0
258k
| meta_lang
stringclasses 68
values | meta_favicon
stringlengths 0
20.2k
| meta_site_name
stringlengths 0
641
| canonical_link
stringlengths 9
1.88k
⌀ | text
stringlengths 0
100k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 94
|
https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a29669/uk-film-release-dates/
|
en
|
UK film release dates 2024
|
[
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/search.f1c199c.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/close.38e3324.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/digitalspy/static/images/logos/logo.9d2bac0.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/play.db7c035.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/cinema-goers-1596050032.jpg?crop=1xw:0.8453571428571428xh;center,top&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/cinema-goers-1596050032.jpg?crop=1xw:0.8453571428571428xh;center,top&resize=980:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/cinema-goers-1596050032.jpg?crop=1xw:0.8453571428571428xh;center,top&resize=1200:* 1120w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/cinema-goers-1596050032.jpg?resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/cinema-goers-1596050032.jpg?resize=768:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/cinema-goers-1596050032.jpg?resize=980:* 1120w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/david-jonsson-andy-alien-romulus-65fb0cb015db4.jpg?resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/david-jonsson-andy-alien-romulus-65fb0cb015db4.jpg?resize=768:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/david-jonsson-andy-alien-romulus-65fb0cb015db4.jpg?resize=980:* 1120w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/images/sing-sing-official-trailer-65e9b5ebddc28.jpg?resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/images/sing-sing-official-trailer-65e9b5ebddc28.jpg?resize=768:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/images/sing-sing-official-trailer-65e9b5ebddc28.jpg?resize=980:* 1120w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/ian-mckellen-gemma-arterton-the-critic-6687b41a7e4f6.jpg?resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/ian-mckellen-gemma-arterton-the-critic-6687b41a7e4f6.jpg?resize=768:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/ian-mckellen-gemma-arterton-the-critic-6687b41a7e4f6.jpg?resize=980:* 1120w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/saoirse-ronan-the-outrun-66583dc8a9b89.jpg?resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/saoirse-ronan-the-outrun-66583dc8a9b89.jpg?resize=768:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/saoirse-ronan-the-outrun-66583dc8a9b89.jpg?resize=980:* 1120w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/images/tom-hardy-venom-3-the-last-dance-trailer-665dc2eede896.jpg?resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/images/tom-hardy-venom-3-the-last-dance-trailer-665dc2eede896.jpg?resize=768:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/images/tom-hardy-venom-3-the-last-dance-trailer-665dc2eede896.jpg?resize=980:* 1120w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/moana-moana-2-66571bc75af85.jpg?resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/moana-moana-2-66571bc75af85.jpg?resize=768:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/moana-moana-2-66571bc75af85.jpg?resize=980:* 1120w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1721658959-maura-tierney-twisters-tshirt-669649501bb6a.jpg?crop=1.00xw:0.668xh;0,0.174xh&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1721658959-maura-tierney-twisters-tshirt-669649501bb6a.jpg?crop=1.00xw:0.668xh;0,0.174xh&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1708856918-71GSNEGSHJL.jpg?crop=1xw:1xh;center,top&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1708856918-71GSNEGSHJL.jpg?crop=1xw:1xh;center,top&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/digitalspy/static/images/badges/best-seller.10380ea.svg",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1701265468-ps5-bundles-655f6506b008c.jpg?crop=0.609xw:0.813xh;0.214xw,0.102xh&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1701265468-ps5-bundles-655f6506b008c.jpg?crop=0.609xw:0.813xh;0.214xw,0.102xh&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1715169578-amazon-music-unlimited-663b68f63f55b.jpg?crop=1xw:1xh;center,top&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1715169578-amazon-music-unlimited-663b68f63f55b.jpg?crop=1xw:1xh;center,top&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1721657553-deadpool-and-wolverine-poster-65c9edfcdd658.jpg?crop=1.00xw:0.677xh;0,0.0396xh&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1721657553-deadpool-and-wolverine-poster-65c9edfcdd658.jpg?crop=1.00xw:0.677xh;0,0.0396xh&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1721299272-thursday-murder-club-richard-osman-6698f133ceb3e.jpg?crop=1xw:1xh;center,top&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1721299272-thursday-murder-club-richard-osman-6698f133ceb3e.jpg?crop=1xw:1xh;center,top&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1718195818-jake-gyllenhaal-presumed-innocent-666996465d1d8.jpg?crop=0.668xw:1.00xh;0.296xw,0&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1718195818-jake-gyllenhaal-presumed-innocent-666996465d1d8.jpg?crop=0.668xw:1.00xh;0.296xw,0&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1718195550-amandla-stenberg-the-acolyte-666819510d615.jpg?crop=0.381xw:0.907xh;0.459xw,0.0581xh&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1718195550-amandla-stenberg-the-acolyte-666819510d615.jpg?crop=0.381xw:0.907xh;0.459xw,0.0581xh&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1713356093-alison-hammond-the-great-celebrity-bake-off-for-su2c-series-7-66151feac5720.jpg?crop=0.782xw:0.440xh;0.120xw,0.226xh&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1713356093-alison-hammond-the-great-celebrity-bake-off-for-su2c-series-7-66151feac5720.jpg?crop=0.782xw:0.440xh;0.120xw,0.226xh&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1723802061-the-street-of-lies-coronation-street-66bf21950e0f7.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1723802061-the-street-of-lies-coronation-street-66bf21950e0f7.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/digitalspy/static/images/badges/best-seller.10380ea.svg",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1650882200-sky-glass-tv-blue-logo-1634036179.jpg?crop=0.564xw:1.00xh;0.219xw,0&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1650882200-sky-glass-tv-blue-logo-1634036179.jpg?crop=0.564xw:1.00xh;0.219xw,0&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/rover/profile_photos/a89a3678-45ec-4a46-87f2-e777e4755ac0_1550228492.file?fill=1:1&resize=120:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/deadpool-and-wolverine-trailer-66b5eea83d128.jpg?crop=0.175xw:0.427xh;0.332xw,0.204xh&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/lupita-nyongo-alex-wolffe-a-quiet-place-day-one-666c04ee44862.jpg?crop=0.531xw:0.797xh;0.252xw,0.0978xh&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/knuckles-tails-sonic-the-hedgehog-3-66cddb81bcf6e.jpg?crop=0.423xw:1.00xh;0.290xw,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/freddie-highmore-the-vault-66cd96d876877.jpg?crop=0.623xw:0.829xh;0.178xw,0.141xh&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/richard-osman-helen-mirren-pierce-brosnan-sir-ben-kingsley-celia-imrie-the-thursday-murder-club-6691380fe2063.jpg?crop=0.586xw:0.900xh;0.215xw,0.0201xh&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/bill-nighy-thomasin-mckenzie-james-norton-joy-65f820f6541d6.jpg?crop=0.563xw:1.00xh;0.196xw,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/angourie-rice-66cdce4276da4.jpg?crop=1.00xw:0.943xh;0,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/shadow-sonic-the-hedgehog-3-66cddb81bd71c.jpg?crop=0.423xw:1.00xh;0.296xw,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/spider-man-no-way-home-1637136980.jpg?crop=0.487xw:0.863xh;0.0385xw,0.108xh&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/digitalspyuk.cdnds.net/18/31/1533368338-mamma-mia.jpg?crop=0.669xw:1.00xh;0.205xw,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/selena-gomez-emilia-perez-664330f874ebe.jpg?crop=0.612xw:0.918xh;0.229xw,0.0721xh&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/emma-stone-kinds-of-kindness-6672db8d00ed1.jpg?crop=0.403xw:0.493xh;0.266xw,0.186xh&resize=360:*",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/digitalspy/static/images/logos/logo.9d2bac0.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/x.3361b6d.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/tiktok.603c377.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/youtube.ce3e1ae.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/facebook.a5a3a69.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/whatsapp.0b87160.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/instagram.f282b14.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/en-gb/static/images/logos/network-logo.eae65ae.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/images/logos/ipso-regulated.9922b5a.svg?primary=%2523ffffff"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Movies"
] | null |
[
"Ian Sandwell"
] |
2018-10-12T15:43:00+00:00
|
All the latest new film releases playing in UK cinemas, so you can plan your movie trips around the release dates.
|
en
|
/_assets/design-tokens/digitalspy/static/images/favicon.b8735b8.ico
|
Digital Spy
|
https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a29669/uk-film-release-dates/
|
We're two-thirds of the way through 2024, but there are still plenty of big hitters in the final months of the year.
The coming months will see the release of sequels to Gladiator, Alien and more, alongside potential new favourites like Cuckoo, It Ends With Us and others.
Most importantly though, Paddington 3 is coming in November.
The now-resolved writers' and actors' strikes from 2023 mean that we can anticipate release date changes if planned 2024 movies aren't ready for release, but hopefully, that disruption will be minimised.
With that said, we're here to help with a round-up of the 2024 release dates you need to know for the biggest movies hitting UK cinemas in the coming months.
(This information is accurate as of August 2, 2024 and is subject to change.)
August 2024 release dates
Borderlands release date August 8
Director: Eli Roth
Starring: Cate Blanchett, Jamie Lee Curtis
It Ends With Us release date August 9
Director: Justin Baldoni
Starring: Blake Lively, Justin Baldoni
Trap release date August 9
Director: M Night Shyamalan
Starring: Josh Hartnett, Saleka
Tuesday release date August 9
Director: Daina O Pusic
Starring: Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Lola Petticrew
Alien: Romulus release date August 16
Director: Fede Alvarez
Starring: Cailee Spaeny, Isabela Merced
Blink Twice release date August 23
Director: Zoë Kravitz
Starring: Channing Tatum, Adria Arjona
The Crow release date August 23
Director: Rupert Sanders
Starring: Bill Skarsgård, FKA Twigs
Cuckoo release date August 23
Director: Tilman Singer
Starring: Hunter Schafer, Dan Stevens
Kneecap release date August 23
Director: Rich Peppiatt
Starring: Michael Fassbender, Liam Óg Ó Hannaidh
Widow Cliquot release date August 23
Director: Thomas Napper
Starring: Haley Bennett, Sam Riley
Close To You release date August 30
Director: Dominic Savage
Starring: Elliot Page, Hillary Baack
Sing Sing release date August 30
Director: Greg Kwedar
Starring: Colman Domingo, Paul Raci
September 2024 release dates
Beetlejuice Beetlejuice release date September 6
Director: Tim Burton
Starring: Michael Keaton, Jenna Ortega
Starve Acre release date September 6
Director: Daniel Kokotajlo
Starring: Matt Smith, Morfydd Clark
Speak No Evil release date September 12
Director: James Watkins
Starring: James McAvoy, Mackenzie Davis
The Critic release date September 13
Director: Anand Tucker
Starring: Ian McKellen, Gemma Arterton
Lee release date September 13
Director: Ellen Kuras
Starring: Kate Winslet, Josh O'Connor
Strange Darling release date September 20
Director: JT Mollner
Starring: Willa Fitzgerald, Kyle Gallner
The Substance release date September 20
Director: Coralie Fargeat
Starring: Demi Moore, Margaret Qualley
Wolfs release date September 20
Director: Jon Watts
Starring: George Clooney, Brad Pitt
Never Let Go release date September 27
Director: Alexandre Aja
Starring: Halle Berry, Percy Daggs IV
The Outrun release date September 27
Director: Nora Fingscheidt
Starring: Saoirse Ronan, Paapa Essiedu
October 2024 release dates
A Different Man release date October 4
Director: Aaron Schimberg
Starring: Sebastian Stan, Renate Reinsve
Joker: Folie à Deux release date October 4
Director: Todd Phillips
Starring: Joaquin Phoenix, Lady Gaga
Terrifier 3 release date October 11
Director: Damien Leone
Starring: David Howard Thornton, Lauren LaVera
Transformers One release date October 11
Director: Josh Cooley
Starring: Chris Hemsworth, Scarlett Johansson
Smile 2 release date October 18
Director: Parker Finn
Starring: Naomi Scott
Venom: The Last Dance release date October 25
Director: Kelly Marcel
Starring: Tom Hardy, Juno Temple
November 2024 release dates
Paddington in Peru release date November 8
Director: Dougal Wilson
Starring: Ben Whishaw, Emily Mortimer
Gladiator 2 release date November 15
Director: Ridley Scott
Starring: Paul Mescal, Denzel Washington
Wicked release date November 22
Director: Jon M Chu
Starring: Cynthia Erivo, Ariana Grande
Moana 2 release date November 29
Directors: David Derrick Jr, Jason Hand and Dana Ledoux Miller
Starring: Auli'i Cravalho, Dwayne Johnson
December 2024 release dates
Kraven the Hunter release date December 13
Director: JC Chandor
Starring: Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Russell Crowe
The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim release date December 13
Director: Kenji Kamiyama
Starring: Miranda Otto, Brian Cox
Mufasa: The Lion King release date December 20
Director: Barry Jenkins
Starring: Aaron Pierre, Kelvin Harrison Jr
Sonic the Hedgehog 3 release date December 27
Director: Jeff Fowler
Starring: Ben Schwartz, James Marsden
Glen Powell Twisters T-shirt
Richard Osman: We Solve Murders
Now 50% Off
PS5 Slim Consoles
Amazon Music Unlimited free trial
Deadpool & Wolverine's 'best friends' necklace
Audible free trial
Apple TV+ 7-day free trial
Sign up for Disney+
Buy Alison Hammond's outfits
The Street of Lies: An Official Coronation Street Interactive Novel
Shop Sky TV, broadband and mobile
Movies Editor, Digital Spy Ian has more than 10 years of movies journalism experience as a writer and editor. Starting out as an intern at trade bible Screen International, he was promoted to report and analyse UK box-office results, as well as carving his own niche with horror movies, attending genre festivals around the world. After moving to Digital Spy, initially as a TV writer, he was nominated for New Digital Talent of the Year at the PPA Digital Awards. He became Movies Editor in 2019, in which role he has interviewed 100s of stars, including Chris Hemsworth, Florence Pugh, Keanu Reeves, Idris Elba and Olivia Colman, become a human encyclopedia for Marvel and appeared as an expert guest on BBC News and on-stage at MCM Comic-Con. Where he can, he continues to push his horror agenda – whether his editor likes it or not.
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 79
|
https://metode.org/issues/monographs/astronomy-and-space-the-big-screen.html
|
en
|
Astronomy and space on the big screen
|
[
"https://metode.cat/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/logo-metode.svg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/logo-uv.svg",
"https://metode.cat/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/logo-metode-sticky.svg",
"https://metode.cat/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/logo-metode-sticky.svg",
"https://metode.cat/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/metode_uv.svg",
"https://metode.cat/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/metode_uv.svg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/header_uv.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/header_uv.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/116b-92.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/116a-92.jpg 320w, https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/116a-92-300x218.jpg 300w",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/116a-92.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/117-92.jpg 1200w, https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/117-92-300x150.jpg 300w, https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/117-92-768x384.jpg 768w, https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/117-92-1024x512.jpg 1024w",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/117-92.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/118-92.jpg 320w, https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/118-92-300x200.jpg 300w, https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/118-92-128x86.jpg 128w",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/118-92.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/120-92.jpg 400w, https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/120-92-300x167.jpg 300w",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/120-92.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/121-92.jpg 400w, https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/121-92-300x197.jpg 300w",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/121-92.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/119-92.jpg 1200w, https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/119-92-300x134.jpg 300w, https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/119-92-768x342.jpg 768w, https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/119-92-1024x456.jpg 1024w",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/119-92.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/122-92.jpg 400w, https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/122-92-300x219.jpg 300w",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/122-92.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/123-92.jpg 400w, https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/123-92-300x200.jpg 300w, https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/123-92-128x86.jpg 128w",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/123-92.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/bfi_thumb/Metode120-ciencia-recreativa-cat-1-qlq4wr9g8s0se60utafh3unqeixjevii78gelcjj6k.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/bfi_thumb/Metode120-ciencia-recreativa-cat-1-qlq4wr9g8s0se60utafh3unqeixjevii78gelcjj6k.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/bfi_thumb/1Columbretes_1200-qp3ro7jnet2lr1qfhkxa4le99vunw4bzea7d1uvwf0.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/bfi_thumb/1Columbretes_1200-qp3ro7jnet2lr1qfhkxa4le99vunw4bzea7d1uvwf0.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/bfi_thumb/7Quimicefa-ql72i9rps589ivdsp1nx8gfvg1rrr2litoo08r0y58.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/bfi_thumb/7Quimicefa-ql72i9rps589ivdsp1nx8gfvg1rrr2litoo08r0y58.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/bfi_thumb/hannibal-lecter-qqguytkwglmqy4c94azpp5e4jy3f5koxoz4q4n06ho.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/bfi_thumb/hannibal-lecter-qqguytkwglmqy4c94azpp5e4jy3f5koxoz4q4n06ho.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/bfi_thumb/Pieces_of_Science-qjp15ijbh3nyklvat02j4z8l8gbay5eq7q1y95aj18.jpeg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/bfi_thumb/Pieces_of_Science-qjp15ijbh3nyklvat02j4z8l8gbay5eq7q1y95aj18.jpeg",
"https://metode.cat/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/METODE-92-CAT.jpg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/logo-footer.svg",
"https://metode.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/logo-footer.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Miguel Alcubierre"
] |
2016-12-12T08:34:49+00:00
|
Since its origins, cinema has been fascinated with the subject of scientific developments. In particular, astronomy and astrophysics have played an important role in science fiction stories about space travel and exploration. Though the science has not always been accurately represented, in the last decades […]
|
en
|
/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/apple-touch-icon.png
|
Revista Mètode
|
https://metode.org/issues/monographs/astronomy-and-space-the-big-screen.html
|
Since its origins, cinema has been fascinated with the subject of scientific developments. In particular, astronomy and astrophysics have played an important role in science fiction stories about space travel and exploration. Though the science has not always been accurately represented, in the last decades there has been more and more interest from the cinema industry in approaching scientists to make sure that the stories and concepts shown in films are closer to our true understanding of the universe. In this article, I will explore how cinema has portrayed astrophysical concepts throughout the decades, and how sometimes cinema has even inspired the direction of scientific research.
Keywords: astronomy, cinema and science fiction, space travel, asteroids, black holes.
Ever since the early days of cinema, astronomy and space have been subjects that have fascinated audiences. The first film that deals with astronomy was The astronomer’s dream, directed by George Méliès in 1898. This film, which was originally called La Lune à un mètre (“The Moon at one meter”), is however more a dreamlike sequence than a proper science fiction film. A few years later, in 1902, Méliès also directed what could be considered the first ever science fiction film, A trip to the moon. It is not surprising that cinema, with its capacity to show imaginary worlds, would touch on the realm of science fiction and fantasy, allowing us to see what previously we could only imagine.
Over the last century there has been a mutual relation between cinema and science, and cinema and astronomy in particular, where movies have been inspired by scientific developments, and in turn young minds have become enamoured with astronomy through cinema. This relationship has not always been true to hard scientific facts, since the limitations that nature imposes often get in the way of a good story. Because of this, there has been a tense relationship between real science and movie science, with scientists complaining frequently, and often bitterly, about the inaccuracies of science fiction movies.
Cinema has explored many aspects of science, from time travel to genetic engineering and virtual reality. Here I will concentrate mainly on astronomy and astrophysics and focus on some simple questions. Has the science been correctly portrayed? When the science is not yet settled, has cinema captured the speculations of scientists adequately? Has cinema inspired the direction of new scientific research?
The subject is of course vast, so I will consider some general themes that seem to me to be particularly representative: space travel and astrophysical phenomena. I will leave aside the subject of extraterrestrial life and civilizations which, though certainly related, would require a review of its own.
«Over the last century there has been a mutual relation between cinema and science, and cinema and astronomy in particular»
There are some previous studies about the relationship between science fiction films and science itself. In particular, one can mention the recent book Hollywood science by Sidney Perkowitz (2007), which however does not deal much with the subject of astrophysics, and several other books that deal with science in both cinema and television like The physics of Star Trek (Krauss, 1995) and De King Kong a Einstein: La física en la ciencia ficción (“From King Kong to Einstein: Physics in science fiction”, Moreno Lupiáñez & José Pont, 1999).
Realistic space travel
«There has been a tense relationship between real science and movie science, with scientists complaining frequently, and often bitterly, about the inaccuracies of science fiction movies»
One of the main themes in science fiction has always been that of space travel. As I mentioned above, even in the early days of cinema we already had a movie that speculated with traveling to the Moon, George Méliès’s A trip to the Moon from 1902. In that movie, there is really not much science and very few special effects, the arrival of the capsule to the Moon is more comical that anything else. But the method for reaching the Moon, inside a capsule fired by a cannon, had been proposed by Jules Verne in his 1865 novel From the Earth to the Moon. From today’s point of view, being shot from a cannon seems absurd since the tremendous accelerations would kill the travellers instantly. But the idea that the Moon is a world one could imagine physically travelling to was certainly something audiences where not familiar with at that time. Jules Verne’s book, and perhaps to some extent Méliès’s movie, were an inspiration for the true voyages to the Moon of the 1960s.
«Movies about space travel became more sophisticated over the decades, reflecting a variety of themes in the science fiction literature»
In real life the trip to the Moon was far more complex that the movie version, and at the same time the outcome, though transcendental and wondrous, was somewhat boring: no Selenites were waiting to capture the astronauts, who just planted a flag and gathered rock samples. Movies about space travel became more sophisticated over the decades, reflecting a variety of themes in the science fiction literature. They can be mostly separated into two categories: those depicting realistic space travel mostly within our own solar system, and those dealing with speculative ideas for faster than light interstellar travel.
From the late 1930s all the way to the early 1960s, during the so-called «golden age» of science fiction, space travel within our own solar system was typically shown in the way of increasingly sophisticated rocket ships. In 1933 the comic strip character Buck Rogers was brought for the first time to the big screen in the form of a ten-minutes short film called Buck Rogers in the 25th century: An interplanetary battle with the tiger men of Mars, directed by Harlan Tarbell and shown in the Chicago World Fair. Later, Universal Pictures produced a series of twelve Buck Rogers films in 1939, directed by Ford Beebe and Saul A. Goodkind. Buck Rogers’s rocket ships, though not particularly realistic, nevertheless depicted what the public expected space travel to look like at that time. Other realistic space travel examples can be found in Rocketship X-M (1950), Project Moonbase (1950), and Destination Moon (1950).
The classic reference for scientifically accurate space travel is clearly the film 2001: A space odyssey (1968). The film, directed by Stanley Kubrick, and with a script written by Kubrick himself and science fiction legend Arthur C. Clarke (who later turned it into a novel), imagines a not too distant future with advanced space stations, Moon bases, and a manned trip to the moons of Jupiter. The fact that all this is already supposed to have happened in the year 2001 should not distract us, it might as well have been 2101, but the science is beautifully taken into account. It is the prime example of «hard» (i.e., scientifically accurate) science fiction in cinema. The space ship that leaves Earth is a prediction of what the space shuttle would actually look like. The space station in Earth’s orbit spins to generate «artificial gravity» through centrifugal force. The trip to Jupiter takes many months on board a nuclear-powered space ship, which again has a spinning section to generate gravity. The movie was filmed one year before the Apollo mission to the Moon, and shows how real space travel might actually look like in the not too distant future. The film deals also with other themes such as artificial intelligence and extraterrestrial life, but its attention to scientific detail is quite remarkable. At the time this film was made very little was known of the Jupiter system other than the existence of its four largest Galilean moons (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto). But all this changed little more than ten years later when the Voyager 1 probe flew by Jupiter and its moons in 1979. Arthur C. Clarke then used this new information for a sequel to the novel, which was also adapted to cinema in the movie 2010: The year we make contact (1984), directed by Peter Hyams, and where he imagined that life had evolved beneath the icy surface of Jupiter’s moon Europa, a scientific speculation that continues to our day.
Realistic representations of space travel in cinema have continued. The most realistic to date is in fact a true story, the film Apollo 13 (1995), directed by Ron Howard. This film, which was based on the book Lost Moon by Jim Lovell (one of the astronauts in the mission) and Jeffrey Kluger (Lovell & Kluger, 1994), shows in great detail the events related to the accident of the Apollo 13 mission in 1970. It is amazing that space travel has reached the point where cinema can represent a real historical mission and not just a fictional one.
The recent film Gravity (2013), by Alfonso Cuarón, imagines in great detail how an accident in low Earth orbit could look like, and shines a light on the very real problem that the proliferation of space junk represents for space missions today. Even more recently, the film The Martian (2015), by Ridley Scott, based on the novel of the same name by Andy Weir (2014), describes how a mission to Mars could look like in thirty years’ time, and explores how a stranded astronaut could survive on the Martian surface for months. Cinema has also portrayed a topic that today has become a common conspiracy theory. The film Capricorn One (1977), by Peter Hyams, describes how a planned manned mission to Mars that has suffered serious financial setbacks is then faked in a TV studio. Today some people believe that the Moon landing was indeed faked in such a way.
«As far as we understand today, faster-than-light travel remains impossible. This is not because of some technological hurdle, but because of the way our universe is built»
Cinema has also considered interstellar voyages at close to the speed of light. According to Einstein’s theory of special relativity, if we travel close to the speed of light time slows down when compared to the flow of time back on Earth. This phenomenon, known as «time dilation», has been confirmed to high accuracy in particle accelerators. To observe time dilation on a space ship one would need to make a round trip to a nearby star at speeds very close to the speed of light. After such a trip, the astronauts would have experienced just a few years, while on Earth decades or even centuries could have elapsed. Such a scenario was depicted in the film Planet of the apes (1968), directed by Franklin J. Schaffner, in which after a long space trip the main character finds himself on a planet where apes are the dominant species, only to discover later that he is in fact back on Earth many centuries in the future.
Faster-than-light space travel
Regarding faster-than-light space travel we need to start from the following fact: as far as we understand today, faster-than-light travel remains impossible. This is not because of some technological hurdle, but because of the way our universe is built. According to special relativity, nothing can travel faster than light because this would violate causality and would allow one to send information back in time. Still, some loopholes have been proposed and there are several speculative ideas about how one could reach distant stars faster than light without breaking relativity. For this, one needs to use Einstein’s theory of general relativity, according to which space and time can be distorted or «curved». This curvature of space-time is produced by large concentrations of mass and manifests itself as the ordinary force of gravity. But extreme distortions of space-time can give rise to more exotic phenomena such as black holes (see below). It turns out that one can imagine large distortions of space-time that can allow faster-than-light travel or, more correctly, faster than light would have travelled in flat space: light will still beat us if it travels through the same distorted space.
The first such idea can be traced back to Einstein himself and his collaborator Nathan Rosen, who in 1935 discovered that the mathematics of general relativity allowed for the existence of «tunnels» through space (Einstein & Rosen, 1935). This so-called «Einstein-Rosen bridges» connect distant regions of space and they have been used extensively in science fiction, where they are usually called «portals» or «wormholes». One should mention the fact that even though wormholes are in principle allowed by the laws of physics, we have no idea how one could be created. They also require a form of antigravity to keep them open, which probably does not exist in nature. An example of the use of wormholes for space travel in cinema is the film Stargate (1994), by Roland Emmerich, in which wormholes are represented by gates through which one can just step to reach a distant world. The film and subsequent TV series are notable because they involve interstellar space travel without spaceships. Wormholes also make an appearance in the film Contact (1997), directed by Robert Zemeckis, based on the novel of the same name by Carl Sagan (1985). In the film, an advanced extraterrestrial civilization contacts humanity and sends us the design for a machine that creates a wormhole. One should mention the fact that for his novel Sagan asked for help from Kip Thorne, a renowned theoretical physicist, who suggested the use of wormholes instead of black holes for the novel, and later did important scientific research in that area (Morris & Thorne, 1988).
Another idea for faster-than-light travel was introduced by myself in 1994, and is generally called a «warp drive» (Alcubierre, 1994). This idea is an example of TV and cinema influencing science, instead of the other way around. The name «warp drive» has been around in science fiction since the late 1960s with the Star Trek TV series (1966-1969), created by Gene Roddenberry, and implies that one achieves faster-than-light travel by somehow «warping» space. Precisely what this warping does is of course never explained. In 1994, I came up with the idea of violently expanding a small region of space behind a spaceship, and contracting a region in front of it, with the spaceship sitting in a bubble of flat space in the middle. This warp bubble would push the spaceship, and since there is no limit to the speed at which space itself can expand it could in principle move faster than light. Just as with wormholes, however, a warp bubble would require some sort of antigravity, and today we have no idea how to create one.
Astrophysical phenomena
Let us now move away from space travel and consider how different astrophysical phenomena have been depicted in cinema, from asteroids and moons, to planets, stars and even black holes.
Starting from the small scales, asteroids have in the last couple of decades started to appear in movies and science fiction novels, so much so that the science fiction author Larry Niven classifies these stories as a subgenre in itself, which he calls Big-Rock-Hits-Earth novels. This has been inspired by the suggestion by – almost universally accepted today – that the impact of a large asteroid caused the mass extinction that killed off the dinosaurs at end of the Cretaceous period 65 million years ago (Alvarez, Alvarez, Asaro, & Michel, 1980). The suggestion was initially received with great scepticism, but became more and more likely, until it became almost universally accepted when a huge 180 km diameter crater with the correct age was discovered in the Yucatan peninsula, centred near the town of Chicxulub).
Such a catastrophe quite literally falling from the sky has of course ignited the imagination of scientists and science fiction writers alike. Could it happen now and wipe out human civilization? Could we prevent it if we had prior warning? This was taken to the cinema in 1998 with two almost simultaneous movies, Deep impact, directed by Mimi Leder, and Armageddon, by Michael Bay. The contrasts between both films couldn’t be greater, with Deep impact depicting a realistic scenario for both the discovery of the asteroid and the possibility of deflecting it, and Armageddon throwing science out the window and focusing on a group of space cowboys saving the planet. In both films, however, the asteroid is ultimately destroyed using nuclear weapons, which we now know is not a good idea, as the millions of resulting fragments would still hit Earth with results just as catastrophic. To be fair, a similar story was already depicted in the film When worlds collide of 1951, by Rudolph Mate, in which instead of an asteroid a rogue planet is in a collision course (and in fact does collide) with Earth.
«The existence of habitable extra solar planets, is nothing new in science fiction cinema»
Let us now consider planets. Direct scientific evidence for the existence of extra solar planets had to wait until 1988, when Canadian astronomers discovered a planet in orbit around the star Gamma Cephei, also known as Errai (Campbell, Walker, & Yang, 1988). To date, over 3,000 extra solar planets have been found, most of them by the Kepler satellite that measures the drop in luminosity of a star as a planet crosses in front of it. Potentially habitable planets of similar size to Earth orbiting at an appropriate distance from their star for liquid water to exist have proven more difficult to find. Still, about ten such planets have been found so far, with masses ranging from 2 to 5 times the mass of the Earth.
The existence of habitable extra solar planets, is nothing new in science fiction cinema, going back at least to the film Forbidden planet (1956), directed by Fred M. Wilcox. Perhaps more interesting is the existence of unusual planets, such as the planet Tatooine from Star Wars (1977), by George Lucas, that orbits a binary star system. Only about 5 such circumbinary planets have been discovered so far, the most recent one being Kepler-1647, which is a Jupiter sized planet about 3,700 light years from Earth that orbits in the habitable zone of a binary star system (Kostov et al., 2016). The planet is a gas giant and thus not very similar to Earth, but one can imagine it having large moons that would be friendly to life. Indeed, movies have also imagined the possibility of life in moons that orbit giant planets. One such case is the forest moon of Endor, from Return of the Jedi (1983), directed by Richard Marquand. A more recent example from the film Avatar (2009), by James Cameron, is the moon Pandora, which orbits the gas giant planet Polyphemus in the Alpha Centauri star system.
«Cinema has gone beyond, and has also represented more exotic astrophysical phenomena»
Other interesting planets depicted in cinema are those with orbits around multiple star systems. In the film Pitch black (2000), by David Twohy, the main characters are stranded on a desert moon orbiting a gas giant planet in a triple star system, such that there is daylight for very long periods of time, except when the giant planet happens to eclipse the main pair of stars, which is of course when interesting things happen in the form of nasty night adapted creatures. The film reminds us of the short story Nightfall by Isaac Asimov, where a civilization flourishes on a planet with six suns, where night is unknown except during an eclipse every 2,000 years. The ensuing total darkness is enough to cause the cyclical collapse of the planet’s civilization.
«Black holes in cinema are often seen as gates to different regions of space»
But cinema has gone beyond, and has also represented more exotic astrophysical phenomena. Top of the list are of course black holes, predicted by Einstein’s general theory of relativity as the result of the gravitational collapse of large concentrations of mass, and as such are the end stage in the life cycle of very massive stars. Their name comes from the fact that for a black hole gravity is so strong that not even light can escape, and if light can’t escape nothing else can (black holes can in fact evaporate due to quantum effects, as was discovered by Stephen Hawking in 1974, but this process in only important for microscopic black holes, and is negligible for astrophysical ones). The surface of no return, beyond which it is impossible to come back out again, is known as the «event horizon». Once something crosses the horizon it is destined to fall into the centre of the black hole where the gravitational force becomes infinite, the so-called «singularity». Black holes are real astrophysical phenomena, and we now have very strong evidence for their existence. The strong gravity close to a black hole also slows down the flow of time. On Earth, clocks on the surface lose one second every thirty years with respect to clocks in outer space. But close to a black hole the effect is huge.
The best depiction of a black hole in cinema so far has been in the film Interstellar (2014), by Christopher Nolan, where the main characters travel to a system of planets in orbit around a supermassive black hole called Gargantua. The effects of the extreme time dilation close to the black hole are shown when the astronauts visit a planet (Miller Planet) where every hour at the surface corresponds to many years outside. The film is also notable for the fact that Kip Thorne was their scientific advisor, and even wrote a book about the science of the film (Thorne, 2014). Of course, once the protagonist falls into the black hole the film enters the realm of pure speculation, with a multi-dimensional space that even allows him to send information back in time. In reality the interior of a black hole is not nearly that exotic, with the exception of the central singularity where our theories break down and we enter the realm of «quantum gravity», a theory that we still have not fully developed.
Interstellar also depicts a wormhole as the means the main characters use for traveling from our solar system to Gargantua’s system. Even if the wormhole is just as speculative as in any other film, its visual representation is again an accurate light ray tracing of the correct wormhole geometry. In fact, black holes and wormholes are related to each other. Einstein and Rosen’s original discovery was of a wormhole inside a black hole solution. This explains why black holes in cinema are often seen as gates to different regions of space, such as in Disney’s film The black hole (1979), by Gary Nelson.
Conclusions
«Fiction, and particularly cinema, has helped us bring such exotic phenomena out of the observatories. Through cinema the general public can learn about the universe in a way that has a stronger impact than other media»
We live in a relatively quiet corner of the galaxy, where we have had time to evolve and develop untouched by the outside universe. But as our science has advanced we have learned that the universe is far more violent and complex than we imagined. Modern astronomy has allowed us to discover planets outside our solar system, exploding stars, black holes, and even gravitational waves. As we slowly become an interplanetary and even an interstellar species, we will encounter astronomical phenomena far more exotic than anything on our own solar system.
Fiction, and particularly cinema, has helped us bring such exotic phenomena out of the observatories. Through cinema the general public can learn about the universe in a way that has a stronger impact than other media. Though the science has often not been represented accurately, there has recently been an increasing interest to seek the advise of scientific experts in order to be more faithful to current scientific knowledge. Science fiction cinema and literature have also inspired young people to pursue scientific careers, and in a few occasions, they have even inspired scientists to look beyond what we already know.
«Science fiction cinema and literature have also inspired young people to pursue scientific careers, and in a few occasions, they have even inspired scientists to look beyond what we already know»
The modern world clearly depends more and more on science and technology. If we want an educated society that understands the world we live in, scientists have the responsibility to explain in simple ways what we have learned and how we have learned it. Science communication therefore becomes essential, but there are many different ways to communicate science. I believe science fiction literature and cinema have an important role to play in this, and as scientists we should make an effort to make sure that in those cases when the science is understood it is represented as accurately as possible. And when a story requires speculative science, that at least it does not ignore everything we have already learned.
© Mètode 2016 - 92. Online only. Violent universe - Winter 2016/2017
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 80
|
https://www.team-bhp.com/forum/shifting-gears/55910-english-movies-thread-no-spoilers-please-406-print.html
|
en
|
The English Movies Thread (No Spoilers Please)
|
[
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=24416377&cv=2.0&cj=1",
"https://www.team-bhp.com/forum/images/misc/vbulletin3_logo_white.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
https://www.team-bhp.com/forum/shifting-gears/55910-english-movies-thread-no-spoilers-please-406.html
|
Originally Posted by FINTAIL (Post 3693371)
Saw Avengers 2. In 3D :D
Is it worthwhile? A definite yes.
Luckily they didn't take substantial time to introduce all the characters- Something which they had done for the first movie.
Originally Posted by BraveArc (Post 3690160)
Tell me.....Do you bleed?
Cannot wait for this to come out. Gonna be epic. It's irritating to think we have to wait till next year for it's release.
Guess we'll have to make do with Star Wars, Jurassic World & The Avengers till then.
|
|||||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 38
|
https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2023/7/22/23803380/j-robert-oppenheimer-oscar-winning-film-nuclear-weapons-manhattan-project-christopher-nolan
|
en
|
“Cry baby scientist”: What Oppenheimer the film gets wrong about Oppenheimer the man
|
[
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/24801980/GettyImages_815208138.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C11.621659339893%2C100%2C76.756681320215&w=2400 2400w",
"https://www.vox.com/_next/image?url=%2Fstatic-assets%2Fheadshots%2Fswati.png&w=64&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2Fstatic-assets%2Fheadshots%2Fswati.png&w=128&q=75 2x",
"https://www.vox.com/_next/image?url=%2Fstatic-assets%2Flogos%2Fpaypal_logo.png&w=96&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2Fstatic-assets%2Flogos%2Fpaypal_logo.png&w=256&q=75 2x",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=11.3625%2C0%2C77.275%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329927/2066799392.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.8846651569072%2C100%2C86.271972392969&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25329262/GettyImages_2066805048.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=14.2875%2C0%2C71.425%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/chorus/uploads/chorus_asset/file/25328952/2066795977.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C3.3309998833275%2C100%2C93.338000233345&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.666666666667%2C0%2C66.666666666667%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1494529981.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C0%2C100%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.668591224018%2C0%2C66.662817551963%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-1479589931.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.002886836027713%2C0%2C99.994226327945%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.669597327238%2C0%2C66.660805345525%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2163308489.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.0043959908563451%2C0%2C99.991208018287%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=16.724537037037%2C0%2C66.550925925926%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/gettyimages-1244771286.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0.08680555555555%2C0%2C99.826388888889%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=24.753333333333%2C0%2C50.493333333333%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2149172279.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.13%2C0%2C75.74%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=12.5%2C0%2C75%2C100&w=2400 2400w",
"https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=16 16w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=32 32w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=48 48w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=64 64w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=96 96w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=128 128w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=256 256w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=376 376w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=384 384w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=415 415w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=480 480w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=540 540w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=640 640w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=750 750w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=828 828w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=1080 1080w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=1200 1200w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=1440 1440w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=1920 1920w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=2048 2048w, https://platform.vox.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/08/GettyImages-2152824028.jpg?quality=90&strip=all&crop=0%2C5.5555555555556%2C100%2C88.888888888889&w=2400 2400w"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Haydn Belfield"
] |
2023-07-22T00:00:00
|
The so-called “father of the bomb” helped bring us prematurely into the age of existential risk.
|
en
|
/static-assets/icons/favicon.ico
|
Vox
|
https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2023/7/22/23803380/j-robert-oppenheimer-oscar-winning-film-nuclear-weapons-manhattan-project-christopher-nolan
|
One would be tempted to describe J. Robert Oppenheimer as a tragic figure — that’s certainly how Christopher Nolan portrays him in the biopic Oppenheimer. The father of the atomic bomb who spent the rest of his life agonizing over what he had helped birth; the ultimate insider who was humbled and brought low; the hopeful scientist who started the nuclear arms race. But then, tragic figures don’t generally spend their retirement yachting around the Caribbean. Or maybe he was a tragic figure in the mold of Lord Byron — interestingly dark and mystical, remarkably pretty, and rich as Midas.
Oppenheimer grew up in privilege, and remained swaddled in it for his whole life. His father immigrated to New York with nothing, and rose up to become a wealthy textile company executive. His parents spoiled their little genius. When he started a childhood rock collection, it grew to cover every surface in their apartment, which itself covered an entire floor overlooking the Hudson River. The Oppenheimers had a chauffeur, a French governess, three live-in maids and three van Gogh paintings. He corresponded with the New York Mineralogical Club, but when they invited him to speak they were surprised and delighted when he turned out to be only 12. His 16th birthday present was a 28-foot yacht (to go with the family’s 40-foot Lorelei) which he called Trimethy, after a chemical compound. As Oppenheimer remarked when he bought his first holiday home in New Mexico, the state where he would later spearhead the development of the atomic bomb: “hot dog!”
Oppenheimer was a slightly odd student. He was a nerd at Harvard, excluded for his introversion and, in the intensely antisemitic environment of the 1920s, for his Jewishness. He was a somewhat troubled youth. At Cambridge University, he once left a poisoned apple on his tutor’s desk; on vacation when a friend told him of his engagement, Oppenheimer tried to strangle him; and in Gottingen, where he was a PhD student, his classmates presented a petition to get him to stop interrupting seminars.
However, he began to come out of his shell as a postdoctoral researcher in Leiden and Zurich, and became positively cool when he moved to California in 1929. He cooked nasi goreng — his colleagues called it “nasty gory” — and “eggs a la Oppie,” made with lots of Mexican chiles. He had a house with a Picasso on the wall, New Mexican rugs on the floor and a view of the Golden Gate Bridge. He fundraised for Republican forces in the Spanish Civil War and flirted with communism. With his blackboard chalk and his cigarettes, he made significant breakthroughs, inspired his graduate students, and built one of the finest theoretical physics departments in the world. And he was lucky: His father’s fortune was unscathed by the Crash of 1929. Once after a crash of Oppenheimer’s own, speeding in his Chrysler while racing a train and knocking unconscious and almost killing his passenger Natalie Raymond, his dad gave her a Cezanne drawing by way of an apology. Hot dog!
After the war, he got the cushiest job imaginable, as director of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. As director, he was given the 265-acre Olden Manor, parts of which dated to 1696. He had no teaching responsibilities, and a $120,000 fund to spend on inviting whoever he liked to spend anything from a few months (T.S. Eliot, whose poem “The Wasteland” Oppenheimer is depicted absorbing onscreen) to the rest of their career (the diplomat George Kennan, he of the Cold War containment policy). It sounds like a great gig. And if I had it, I also would have essentially stopped producing research, as Oppenheimer did.
Oppenheimer spent much of the 50s and 60s in his holiday home at Hawksnest Bay on the Caribbean island of Saint John or on his yacht
Eventually McCarthyism, red-baiting FBI director J. Edgar Hoover, and Oppenheimer’s own political mistakes came for him, and he lost his security clearance and his political appointments in 1954, events that serve as the framing device for Nolan’s film. But Oppenheimer remained as director of the institute until his death. The sheer ludicrous unfairness of the Republican show-trial security hearing — puppet-mastered by the banker turned atomic energy adviser Lewis Strauss — made him a martyr, and when the Democrats got back into the White House they gave him a special award. Oppenheimer spent much of the 50s and 60s in his holiday home at Hawksnest Bay on the Caribbean island of Saint John (where he imported champagne by the case) or on his yacht.
By comparison, his brother Frank became a Communist Party member in 1937 while attempting to desegregate his local swimming pool in Pasadena; was an early campaigner at Los Alamos on international arms control; and then was blacklisted from academia, denied a passport, and left to spend a decade as a cattle rancher.
Los Alamos’s camp counselor-in-chief
But the central location in Oppenheimer’s life wasn’t the Upper West Side, the Bay Shore mansion on Long Island, his bachelor pad in California, the manor in Princeton, or his Caribbean island. The central location was Los Alamos. This scientific base was built from scratch, up in the hills of northern New Mexico. It was Oppenheimer’s favorite part of the country; indeed, Los Alamos was a day’s horse ride from his holiday home. It was like locating CERN, the massive intergovernmental particle physics lab, in the pleasant English countryside of the Cotswolds.
Los Alamos during wartime sounds like great fun. Married scientists were permitted to bring their families. There were barn dances or piano recitals on a Saturday night, hikes and horse-riding on a Sunday. It had a local cinema, 15 cents a ticket. It had a local theater group: Oppenheimer even played a corpse in the comedy Arsenic and Old Lace. And it had large quantities of booze — Oppenheimer was famous for mixing very strong, very cold martinis, while the tipple of choice for the less well-heeled bachelor scientists was half lab alcohol and half grapefruit juice, chilled with a chunk of smoking dry ice. The average age was 25. And everyone, in between the work of creating the atom bomb, was apparently having sex: 80 children were born the first year, and 10 a month after that. All in all, it makes for a better war than storming beaches in Normandy or Iwo Jima.
The comforts provided to the scientists and their families have been described as “army socialism.” But the soldiers who emptied the bins and the local Indigenous women who cleaned the houses must have had a pretty clear sense of the pecking order. In the many Manhattan Project memoirs, Los Alamos reminds one far more of the summer camp it was before the war than a top-secret government project to develop a weapon of mass destruction
Oppenheimer’s chief contribution was as camp counselor of Los Alamos
Oppenheimer’s historic contribution was as scientific director of Los Alamos. But what was the nature of that contribution to the Manhattan Project? Not the science — the real breakthroughs were from Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann, who showed nuclear fission was possible, or specialists like Robert Christy, who designed the plutonium implosion “Christy gadget” successfully tested at Trinity Site near Los Alamos, and later dropped on Nagasaki. And not the direction — 90 percent of Manhattan Project director Gen. Leslie Groves’s budget went to the Fordist feats of administration, logistics, and industrial engineering that were the Oak Ridge and Hanford production plants, churning out the plutonium and enriched uranium that fueled the atom bombs. Oppenheimer’s chief contribution was as camp counselor of Los Alamos.
Oppenheimer encouraged them on, and his charisma cast a sort of spell over the campers. It is no coincidence that much of the serious thinking about the bomb — morally and politically — happened elsewhere, in Chicago under Leo Szilard or in the giant head of the Danish genius Niels Bohr. Oppenheimer whipped them up with a simple message: we need to get the bomb before Hitler.
As it turns out, this was all mistaken. We now know that the Nazis had decided against a nuclear fission program by 1942. Nazi planners needed raw materials and manpower for armaments production, and Nazi scientists thought a bomb couldn’t be delivered in time to affect the war in Europe, which very much proved to be the case. So the Manhattan Project did not in fact deter, and did not need to deter, Hitler from developing and using the bomb. The scientists were working based on a mistake.
The main effect of the Manhattan Project was to bring forward in time the era of the bomb and the era of the nuclear arms race. The existential risk researcher Toby Ord calls this era “the Precipice”: the first period in which humanity can destroy itself. The US would likely not have “sprinted” to the same extent, spending 0.4 percent of GDP, for a peacetime Manhattan Project. And Oppenheimer’s nemesis Lewis Strauss may have been right, if for the wrong reasons, when he accused Oppenheimer of helping the Soviet nuclear program. Quite simply, it would have taken the Soviets years longer if they couldn’t just copy the secrets of the Manhattan Project. Szilard and Albert Einstein, whose 1939 letter prompted President Franklin Roosevelt to begin the US nuclear program, later described their advocacy for the project as the greatest mistake of their life.
This was not simply an honest mistake. Joseph Rotblat — the only scientist to resign from the Manhattan Project — got a nasty shock in May 1944 when, at a dinner, Groves said, “You realize, of course, that the main purpose of this project is to subdue the Russians.” Later, Groves testified that “there was never, from about two weeks from the time I took charge of this Project, any illusion on my part but that Russia was our enemy.” It is hard to reconcile this bloodlessness with Matt Damon’s blithe face as Groves in Christopher Nolan’s film.
Was the bomb just too “technically sweet” for Oppenheimer to resist?
How complicit was Oppenheimer? David Hawkins, Oppenheimer’s aide and the Manhattan Project’s official historian, claims that Groves told Oppenheimer at the end of 1943 that the Nazis had abandoned their attempt — and Oppenheimer shrugged. Oppenheimer dominated the ethical discussions among scientists in late 1944, as both the war and the race to the atomic bomb were nearing their end stages, arguing that scientists had no right to a louder voice than other citizens, and that if the war ended without nuclear use, the next war would be fought with nuclear weapons. Was Oppenheimer swept up by the same patriotic fervor that prompted him to have a colonel’s uniform tailored for himself? Was the bomb just too “technically sweet” for him to resist? It is unclear. Perhaps the best we can say in his defense was that Oppenheimer was chumped into doing it (to some extent), and inadvertently or not, he chumped the other scientists as well.
“Would you like to wipe your hands?”
Oppenheimer’s complicity did give him prestige and access. However, he squandered that, and lost four key political battles over the use and future of nuclear weapons: on a demonstration attack, on beginning talks at the Potsdam conference, on arms control proposals after the war, and on not racing for the far more powerful hydrogen bomb.
The two key issues on the agenda at the May 31, 1945, meeting of the “Interim Committee,” a government advisory group on atomic research, were how to use the bomb, and how to communicate to the Soviets. Oppenheimer, the vast majority of Los Alamos scientists, and indeed Gen. Dwight Eisenhower, all supported a demonstration attack on an empty island. But Harvard President James Conant instead suggested “a vital war plant … surrounded by workers’ houses.”
At this crucial decision-making meeting, Oppenheimer did not disagree with the targeting of civilians, instead merely noting the visual effect of a bomb and the feasibility of simultaneous strikes. He also stayed quiet when Groves got approval to purge dissenting scientists like Szilard from the project. Oppenheimer thought that he had traded these betrayals for a commitment that the USSR was to be clearly informed of the bomb and its planned use. These discussions would mean that the Soviets would not be blindsided in a frightening manner that would spur an arms race. But instead, in his meeting with Soviet leader Joseph Stalin at the Potsdam conference, just after the successful Trinity test, Truman only casually and vaguely mentioned a new weapon, and had no serious discussion with his opposite number. Oppenheimer had lost on both counts.
The first time he met Truman, after the atomic bombings of Japan, out of frustration and passion Oppenheimer blurted out, “There is blood on my hands.” Truman would stew on this for years, retelling and embellishing the anecdote, once claiming he pulled out his handkerchief and said “Well, here, would you like to wipe your hands?” Immediately after he left, Truman called him a “cry baby scientist,” and would never trust him again.
Oppenheimer’s postwar record was just as bad. He was the main intellectual force behind the 1946 Acheson-Lilienthal Report, which proposed a single worldwide Atomic Development Agency with a monopoly over all uranium mines, labs, enrichment facilities, and power plants. Control over nuclear technology would be international, rather than national. However, as Oppenheimer later acknowledged, this was infeasible and naive. Stalin would never have agreed to renunciation of sovereignty, to the inspections, or to the depth of cooperation with the capitalist West the plan would have demanded. Bernard Baruch, proposer of the failed Baruch Plan, was a convenient scapegoat.
When the Soviets exploded their first bomb in 1949, Oppenheimer told David Lilienthal, the first chair of the Atomic Energy Commission, that “we mustn’t muff it this time,” meaning the arms race. But they did muff it, and the US stockpile grew from 50 warheads in 1948 to 300 in 1950. The next fight was on whether to build a “Super” or hydrogen bomb, much more destructive than the atomic bomb. Oppenheimer opposed it on scientific, technical, and moral grounds. But when the decision came to Truman, the president had one question: can the Russians do it? The answer was yes. “In that case,” Truman replied, “we have no choice.” The meeting took 7 minutes. The cry baby scientist’s concerns were completely dismissed.
How Oppenheimer was outplayed
The two most notable facts about Oppenheimer’s life are that he first sped up the creation of nuclear weapons, and then failed utterly to restrict the nuclear arms race he had helped begin. The arms racers used his scientific credibility to support their reckless buildup, and outplayed him in every important political battle. It would take a further 18 years after his 1954 defrocking before the first bilateral arms control agreement on nuclear weapons. This removal of his security clearance can be seen as the final mercy kill of an utterly defanged and defeated political opponent.
It’s hard to overemphasize how much the authors of American Prometheus, the book on which the film is based, are on Team Oppenheimer. One author, Martin Sherwin, spent 25 years interviewing Oppenheimer’s friends and family. They spend 88 pages on a minute-by-minute account of the mistrial of his hearing. They refer to him frequently as “Oppie.” And even their assessment is that he “won nothing and acquiesced to everything.”
How should we remember Oppenheimer: A tragic martyr? Death, the destroyer of worlds? The “American Prometheus” of the title? Another descriptive phrase comes to mind, one that would be more familiar to one of his father’s employees in a New York textile factory: “What a schmuck.”
Haydn Belfield has been academic project manager at the University of Cambridge’s Centre for the Study of Existential Risk for the past six years. He is also an associate fellow at the Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence.
Correction, July 22, 12:15 pm ET: A previous version of this story mistakenly referred to the author Kai Bird instead of Martin Sherwin.
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 43
|
https://lifeteen.com/me-before-you-and-the-problem-with-assisted-suicide/
|
en
|
"Me Before You" and the Problem with Assisted Suicide
|
[
"https://lifeteen30web.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/LT-Logo-1-2.png",
"https://lifeteen30web.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Side-Menu-Lines.png",
"https://lifeteen30web.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Sr.-Helena-Burns-FSP_avatar_1398277849-300x300.jpg",
"https://lifeteen30web.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Sr.-Helena-Burns-FSP_avatar_1398277849-300x300.jpg",
"https://lifeteen30web.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Instagram.png",
"https://lifeteen30web.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Youtube.png",
"https://lifeteen30web.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Facebok.png",
"https://lifeteen30web.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/vecteezy_tik-tok-logo-png-tik-tok-logo-transparente-png-tik-tok_23986939-1024x1024.png",
"https://lifeteen30web.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/logo-white-1002x1024.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Sr. Helena Burns, FSP",
"Sr. Helena Burns"
] |
2016-06-21T20:19:13+00:00
|
"Com-passion," "suffering with" Jesus and others is true dignity, not euthanasia.
|
en
|
LifeTeen.com for Catholic Youth
|
https://lifeteen.com/me-before-you-and-the-problem-with-assisted-suicide/
|
WARNING: Due to the serious subject matter of the film “Me Before You” (euthanasia), and the fact that most people already know how the movie ends (euthanasia), combined with the fact that the film is based on a novel by the same name that came out in 2012, this entire movie review will be one big spoiler. Advance at your own risk.
This British film maintains the light air of a romantic comedy throughout, overlaid with tear-jerking moments and the sweetest violins. Unlike a Jodi Picoult story that explores controversial issues as serious dramas, “Me Before You” more or less accepts assisted suicide as a valid option and a part of life (irony intended).
Suicide, in fact, is portrayed as sexy and sweet. As sexy as a gorgeous, wealthy, young quadriplegic, Will (Sam Claflin from “Hunger Games“), and as sweet as his new, bubbly, Kimmy-Schmidt-like caretaker, Lou (Emilia Clarke from “Game of Thrones“). And it’s not just our main characters that are comely, the actual moment of Will’s demise is preceded by jokes, kisses, smiles and lots of sunshine pouring in the window — all set to swirling, swelling strings.
Lou finds out about Will’s plan to undergo euthanasia in Switzerland in only six months’ time. She and his mother put their heads together to try to get Will to enjoy life again, get out and do things as best he can in his motorized wheelchair. Will obliges, but more for Lou than for himself. However, he is thoroughly enjoying her company.
When Will finally tells Lou about Switzerland, she tells him she already knows. Will then begins to lay out his reasoning. He liked his old life. A lot. (He was also very athletic.) Is Will trying to say what is said of dementia patients in order to euthanize them? That he’s not really “himself” anymore?
Sorry. The “self” remains till the last breath — no matter what condition the mind or body is in. Will doesn’t mention his prognosis as part of his justification for ending his life, but Lou gets that information from others: Will’s main problem is his spinal cord which can’t be fixed. He’s on lots of medications and is weak and vulnerable to infections. He has recurring pneumonia. He is often in pain. In his nighttime dreams he is active once again, but wakes up screaming when he realizes he’s paralyzed.
In “Me Before You,” quality of life is more important than life itself. Will wants his old life back. He resists change (as horrible as the changes in his life are) and moving forward. But who can ever “have their old life back”? And for how long? In a few more decades, he will be elderly and unable to do all things he loves to do anyway.
A brief discussion about the morality of assisted suicide is put in the mouth of Lou’s cross-wearing, grace-at-meals-praying mother: “There are some choices we don’t get to make! It’s no different from murder! You can’t be a part of it,” she tells her daughter.
Lou is not sure if she did the right thing by refusing to go with Will to Switzerland to be with him when he dies as he had asked her. Lou’s Dad simply says: “We can’t change people.” (True enough.) Lou had tried so hard to change Will’s mind. When Lou asks in return: “Then what can we do?” Dad says: “Just love them.” Her Dad instead encourages her to join Will and his parents in Switzerland. (Lou was not “materially cooperating” in the suicide by helping Will get to Switzerland, she only agrees to “be there” for him, while still disagreeing with his choice.)
The title is curious. Who is “me”? Who is “you”? Although Lou begs Will not to go through with his lethal plan, promising to stay with him, Will tells her that his mind has been made up from the beginning and that he has never wavered, not even for her. He will not stay alive for her. She brought some joy into what he has determined to be the end of his life, and he did his part trying to bring her out of her shell and get her to dream big — but this eleventh hour fling was only in the context of a promise he made to his parents: he would give them only six more months. The sacrifice (even though Lou is a well-paid employee of Will’s mother) seems to be all on Lou’s part.
This does not seem to be a true, reciprocal love story. If he had stayed alive for her, it would have been. You can’t be in love with a ghost and share life with a ghost (all apologies to Patrick Swayze). Will also hints that because they won’t be able to have a married life with sex and children, she doesn’t know for a fact that she won’t have regret in the future for having stayed with him.
In the end, neither main character has a story arc. Neither character changes or is transformed. They just meet, share life for a few months, and that’s it. You know what a story with no story arcs is? Either really bad storytelling OR propaganda for a cause.
What is the point of this book/movie? Why was it created? To make euthanasia more palatable? “It’s his choice” is stated over and over again.
Yes, of course, suicide has always been a choice, an option. A very sad and tragic one, one that people choose only in utmost desperation, and one that humanity has always tried to talk and help its constituents out of. Will says: “I’m not the kind of man who can accept this.” (Who can really “accept” a tragedy such as quadriplegia?) And yet people do “accept” it all the time. Look at the brilliant and drastically compromised Stephen Hawking (who suffers from ALS) who presses on with humor and an indomitable will to live, still contributing to the world of science).
There is no mention of God as the master of life and death. No mention of going back to God at death. No mention of what dying naturally would be like (most likely he will diminish irreparably in just a few years and die naturally then anyway). No mention of redemptive suffering: the fact that suffering purifies us and can be offered up for others. No mention of the fact that we go on living till the last gun is fired. What if there are still important lessons for him to learn, indispensable bits of living still to be lived? Others who need to come in contact with him–whose lives he can grace? And of course, as believers, we would want to grow daily in our relationship with God as much as possible on this earth before we leave it.
“Me Before You” has to be classified as a pro-euthanasia film.
It’s like a sugar-coated poison pill. Our world is on a slippery slope to justifying suicide for just about any reason. What happened to helping each other live, not die? What happened to hope? Does this mean we shouldn’t stop people from jumping off ledges? After all, it’s their choice. “Hey buddy! Hold it right there! We respect your choice, and we don’t really care if you die or not, so just hold on and we’ll get you a physician….”
How can we be good Catholics in a culture of death?
What is a “culture of death”? It is a culture that has separated body (the physical) and soul (the spiritual). It is a culture that sees death as not only a valid solution, but a good solution. Not only a good solution but the best solution. Abortion is the “loving” thing to do. Euthanasia is “dignity.” War/violence is easily invoked.
We all know or know of someone who has committed suicide. Some were terminally ill and in excruciating pain. Some were mentally ill or at their wit’s end for whatever reason. Some were facing a desperate or dangerous situation or life. Some had no family or love or basic resources. Some were depressed or bullied teens.
Suicide was not the best solution–palliative care (to relieve the pain of terminal illness), proper psychiatric care and medication, better circumstances or a societal safety net would have been the best solution. But they are now in God’s mercy: God who alone sees our state of mind and reads our hearts. St. Therese of Lisieux (who suffered immensely at the end of her life) warned: never leave potent medication within reach of a suffering person.
The majority of failed suicide attempts are grateful to have NOT succeeded. They were temporarily in so much pain (of whatever kind) that they couldn’t see any other way out. These people go on to embrace life and help others who are feeling suicidal.
In today’s Western society, the young in particular seem to want to protect themselves from any kind of unpleasantness, discomfort, difference of opinion, negative experience. They don’t even want to hear certain words that might be “triggers.” They want “safe spaces” from “micro-agressions.” This is a mentality ripe for euthanasia. What will happen when real tragedy strikes? Illness or accidents? Won’t it be simply unbearable? I’m not saying that young people today haven’t suffered a lot already in their young lives — only that the best way to cope with suffering is not always avoidance. Check out C. S. Lewis’ weighty little book: “The Problem of Pain.”
Incidentally, Will didn’t take his own advice to Lou to “live boldly.” He quit. A young woman on Instagram told me she serves as an aid to quadriplegics (many of whom–unlike Will–are quadriplegics because of their “adrenaline rush” activities). And guess what? They’re still nuts. They still go sledding and do other even-more-dangerous-in-their-incapacitated-state sports. They still love life.
Life is really, really hard. We need to get used to that. Jesus said: “Take up your cross and follow me.” If we’re following Him? That means we’re never going to be alone. And we’re going somewhere. With Him. To be with Him forever in heaven. It won’t always be like this. “It gets better.” Way better. John Paul II said that when we suffer with Jesus — like Simon of Cyrene on the Way of the Cross — we are raised to a new dignity.
“Com-passion,” “suffering with” Jesus and others is true dignity, not euthanasia.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 16
|
https://www.mylifetime.com/she-did-that/november-27-2013-frozen-was-released-in-theaters
|
en
|
A+E Networks EMEA
|
[
"https://www.mylifetime.com/themes/custom/aenetworksemea/images/logo.svg",
"https://www.mylifetime.com/themes/custom/aenetworksemea/images/icons/menu-light.svg",
"https://www.mylifetime.com/themes/custom/aenetworksemea/images/icons/down-arrow.svg",
"https://aetncorporate.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/styles/brand_logo/public/2023-03/history-channel.png?itok=32MAGar7",
"https://aetncorporate.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/styles/brand_logo/public/2022-07/crimeandinvestigation.png?itok=-VEI6SdA",
"https://aetncorporate.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/styles/brand_logo/public/2022-07/blaze.png?itok=9Tq23UYE",
"https://aetncorporate.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/styles/brand_logo/public/2024-07/LOGO_COSMO_FondoBlanco%20new.png?VersionId=9KbPrNezQYqTwcS795R3dV11DbPWqA6p&itok=-1aGtkxH",
"https://aetncorporate.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/styles/battenberg_image/public/2024-04/PHOTOGRUL%20-%20A%2BE%20Networks%202048px-52.jpg?VersionId=C4Ii8TUeUwFj0nbbM_6vGjclrcI0Zsua&itok=bk1TECjn",
"https://aetncorporate.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/styles/battenberg_image/public/2024-02/History%27s_Greatest_Mysteries_2.jpg?VersionId=7JWUsnqErzpBnc1B.0QV7h8ZOFgbYRI5&itok=vPVdyaOp",
"https://aetncorporate.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/styles/battenberg_image/public/2024-05/Dean%40Wavelength_0.jpg?VersionId=rK7q_Rc1SgC9qd1.6pGZWstwKJF0rHIR&itok=KFdwlTly",
"https://aetncorporate.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/styles/battenberg_image/public/2024-04/PHOTOGRUL%20-%20A%2BE%20Networks%202048px-80.jpg?VersionId=xJyLtvP4jX5XLc4c3R_MvBQDjl.TvtZL&itok=458VkpHt",
"https://www.mylifetime.com/s3/files/styles/card_tablet/public/2024-08/Plex%20A%2BE%20Networks%20%20CD_4.jpg?itok=kZ4KYA0j",
"https://aetncorporate.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/styles/card_tablet/public/2024-07/Titan%20OS.jpg?VersionId=cZVBylDQDyfTzDRI.dIGdCj1TJwgQcdy&itok=PYzOmPIV",
"https://aetncorporate.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/styles/card_tablet/public/2024-07/Cut_To_The_Crime_S2_1920x1080_TT.jpg?VersionId=4S.hxeQVvufmwu.o54fBIxHxrAxF3NLc&itok=P2Z4qYLn",
"https://aetncorporate.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/styles/card_tablet/public/2024-07/CRIMEN_PARAISO_T13_16-9.jpg?VersionId=jqUg.vHayNPl.t0bGIaJtYkCZJxRplWl&itok=qcVML_Yz",
"https://www.mylifetime.com/themes/custom/aenetworksemea/images/icons/instagram.svg",
"https://www.mylifetime.com/themes/custom/aenetworksemea/images/icons/linkedin.svg",
"https://www.mylifetime.com/themes/custom/aenetworksemea/images/aetn-gptw-footer.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"aetn",
"aenetworks",
"aenetworks uk",
"aenetworks emea",
"history",
"history play",
"blaze",
"crimeandinvestigation",
"crime + investigation",
"crime + investigation play"
] | null |
[] |
2024-08-27T10:00:00+00:00
|
Welcome to A+E Networks EMEA is global broadcaster who reach audiences in over 100 countries, including the UK, Nordics, Benelux, Central & Eastern Europe, Spain, Italy and Germany, Africa, and the Middle East.
|
en
|
A+E Networks EMEA
|
https://www.aenetworks.tv/
|
Our culture
Personalities shine at A+E Networks EMEA. Our culture embraces individuals, in all their daring, passionate, ambitious glory. Our people are our strength, and our differences are celebrated. We challenge each other, collaborate and come together, just as a family does; winning as a team and celebrating as one too. Everyone has a voice and should feel proud and free to run with their ideas, enjoying their successes and journey with us. And in such an evolving industry, tomorrow is always today. We anticipate change, identify future opportunities and are excited by the potential that tomorrow brings.
Our purpose
We want to be famous for creating and sharing stories that matter – unique, trusted, entertaining, everywhere. Whether our stories challenge and inspire intellectually or simply entertain, we know that we are making a positive contribution to our audiences across the many diverse regions and countries in the UK, Europe, The Middle East and Africa. Striving to always do so requires passion. And it’s with just as much passion that we strive to gain new audiences with our creativity and by using innovative technology, by partnering with leading and emerging local platforms.
Partnerships
With our diverse line-up of original, high-quality programming, our distribution partners across EMEA recognise the benefits of offering A+E Networks EMEA's distinctive, high quality brands on their platforms and services. We understand the opportunity to grow engagement with new audiences of all ages and through new partnerships with Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, TikTok and Snapchat, along with our podcasts and on-demand SVOD services, we ensure our programming and unique stories reach audiences across the full demographic spectrum.
Careers
Join our global team of talent. At A+E Networks EMEA you’ll find a team of innovative, creative and collaborative people who embrace change and want to continually try new things. With offices in London, Rome, Madrid, Warsaw, Munich and Johannesburg, we are a truly international company that celebrates difference and diversity. We offer a range of benefits such as a generous pension plan, life assurance and holiday allowance, and there are useful local perks in various offices, and summer Fridays across the whole company. But most of all, we will support you to develop and grow throughout your time with us. Learning is part of the journey at A+E Networks EMEA and you’ll be offered personal and professional development opportunities throughout your career with us. We’ll do everything we can to see you thrive and grow.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 14
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hawking
|
en
|
Stephen Hawking
|
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg/220px-Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Hawkingsig.svg/150px-Hawkingsig.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/WMAP_2012.png/220px-WMAP_2012.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/16px-Crab_Nebula.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Stephen_Hawking_-_San_Francisco_ALS_convention.jpg/170px-Stephen_Hawking_-_San_Francisco_ALS_convention.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Gross_Witten_Hawking_TIFR_2001.jpg/250px-Gross_Witten_Hawking_TIFR_2001.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Stephen_Hawking_050506.jpg/170px-Stephen_Hawking_050506.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Stephen_Hawking_in_Stockholm%2C_2015.jpg/220px-Stephen_Hawking_in_Stockholm%2C_2015.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Physicist_Stephen_Hawking_in_Zero_Gravity_NASA.jpg/250px-Physicist_Stephen_Hawking_in_Zero_Gravity_NASA.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Stephen_Hawking%27s_grave_at_Westminster_Abbey.jpg/220px-Stephen_Hawking%27s_grave_at_Westminster_Abbey.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Barack_Obama_speaks_to_Stephen_Hawking_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Barack_Obama_speaks_to_Stephen_Hawking_%28cropped%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Monty_Python_Live_02-07-14_12_55_10_%2814415565317%29.jpg/220px-Monty_Python_Live_02-07-14_12_55_10_%2814415565317%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Stephen_hawking_and_lucy_hawking_nasa_2008.jpg/250px-Stephen_hawking_and_lucy_hawking_nasa_2008.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Stephen_hawking_2008_nasa_cropped.jpg/250px-Stephen_hawking_2008_nasa_cropped.jpg",
"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8f8738cbbe565c644dfed6b3e453b944fdf134df",
"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0",
"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/de68de3a92517953436c93b5a76461d49160cc41",
"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/86a67b81c2de995bd608d5b2df50cd8cd7d92455",
"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f5f3c8921a3b352de45446a6789b104458c9f90b",
"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f82cade9898ced02fdd08712e5f0c0151758a0dd",
"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3c9a2c7b599b37105512c5d570edc034056dd40",
"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2",
"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1df0f52b758651f6c4c9a928470321778aadc040",
"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7f1e81d5aacf191d5515d34e8c9872e0348cc539",
"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/66476fa38886d38b42423d5bf71e77f5ae4700f0",
"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6657e1ffb078b8f55a3120e9d6dd856765e9cc1f",
"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ba1cbdbb8a22c7db3b3f01dad4ea19f8dfcd502b",
"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4611d85173cd3b508e67077d4a1252c9c05abca2",
"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/18ab61342a5df6da0a528acf9c4a2036b6fbfd4f",
"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/827a8645e48c48e7cc9023f4a1e4dc36f66fe33e",
"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/06d0141f2db0d0f1862d9dc58c0afd667848861e",
"https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4d3cf1ef33695c3d98cb09f01e5700f927ce928c",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/40px-Scholia_logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/17px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/19px-Crab_Nebula.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/19px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earth-moon.jpg/21px-Earth-moon.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/16px-He1523a.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/19px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/19px-Video-x-generic.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/School.svg/19px-School.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/19px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
] |
2001-11-02T20:32:41+00:00
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hawking
|
English theoretical physicist (1942–2018)
Stephen William Hawking, (8 January 1942 – 14 March 2018) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge.[6][17][18] Between 1979 and 2009, he was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge, widely viewed as one of the most prestigious academic posts in the world.[19]
Hawking was born in Oxford into a family of physicians. In October 1959, at the age of 17, he began his university education at University College, Oxford, where he received a first-class BA degree in physics. In October 1962, he began his graduate work at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where, in March 1966, he obtained his PhD degree in applied mathematics and theoretical physics, specialising in general relativity and cosmology. In 1963, at age 21, Hawking was diagnosed with an early-onset slow-progressing form of motor neurone disease that gradually, over decades, paralysed him.[20][21] After the loss of his speech, he communicated through a speech-generating device, initially through use of a handheld switch, and eventually by using a single cheek muscle.[22]
Hawking's scientific works included a collaboration with Roger Penrose on gravitational singularity theorems in the framework of general relativity, and the theoretical prediction that black holes emit radiation, often called Hawking radiation. Initially, Hawking radiation was controversial. By the late 1970s, and following the publication of further research, the discovery was widely accepted as a major breakthrough in theoretical physics. Hawking was the first to set out a theory of cosmology explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. He was a vigorous supporter of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics.[23][24]
Hawking achieved commercial success with several works of popular science in which he discussed his theories and cosmology in general. His book A Brief History of Time appeared on the Sunday Times bestseller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks. Hawking was a Fellow of the Royal Society, a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2002, Hawking was ranked number 25 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. He died in 2018 at the age of 76, having lived more than 50 years following his diagnosis of motor neurone disease.
Early life
Family
Hawking was born on 8 January 1942[25][26] in Oxford to Frank and Isobel Eileen Hawking (née Walker). Hawking's mother was born into a family of doctors in Glasgow, Scotland.[29][30] His wealthy paternal great-grandfather, from Yorkshire, over-extended himself buying farm land and then went bankrupt in the great agricultural depression during the early 20th century.[30] His paternal great-grandmother saved the family from financial ruin by opening a school in their home.[30] Despite their families' financial constraints, both parents attended the University of Oxford, where Frank read medicine and Isobel read Philosophy, Politics and Economics. Isobel worked as a secretary for a medical research institute, and Frank was a medical researcher. Hawking had two younger sisters, Philippa and Mary, and an adopted brother, Edward Frank David (1955–2003).
In 1950, when Hawking's father became head of the division of parasitology at the National Institute for Medical Research, the family moved to St Albans, Hertfordshire. In St Albans, the family was considered highly intelligent and somewhat eccentric; meals were often spent with each person silently reading a book. They lived a frugal existence in a large, cluttered, and poorly maintained house and travelled in a converted London taxicab. During one of Hawking's father's frequent absences working in Africa, the rest of the family spent four months in Mallorca visiting his mother's friend Beryl and her husband, the poet Robert Graves.
Primary and secondary school years
Hawking began his schooling at the Byron House School in Highgate, London. He later blamed its "progressive methods" for his failure to learn to read while at the school.[40] In St Albans, the eight-year-old Hawking attended St Albans High School for Girls for a few months. At that time, younger boys could attend one of the houses.
Hawking attended two private (i.e. fee-paying) schools, first Radlett School and from September 1952, St Albans School, Hertfordshire,[26] after passing the eleven-plus a year early.[43] The family placed a high value on education. Hawking's father wanted his son to attend Westminster School, but the 13-year-old Hawking was ill on the day of the scholarship examination. His family could not afford the school fees without the financial aid of a scholarship, so Hawking remained at St Albans. A positive consequence was that Hawking remained close to a group of friends with whom he enjoyed board games, the manufacture of fireworks, model aeroplanes and boats, and long discussions about Christianity and extrasensory perception. From 1958 on, with the help of the mathematics teacher Dikran Tahta, they built a computer from clock parts, an old telephone switchboard and other recycled components.
Although known at school as "Einstein", Hawking was not initially successful academically. With time, he began to show considerable aptitude for scientific subjects and, inspired by Tahta, decided to read mathematics at university.[53] Hawking's father advised him to study medicine, concerned that there were few jobs for mathematics graduates. He also wanted his son to attend University College, Oxford, his own alma mater. As it was not possible to read mathematics there at the time, Hawking decided to study physics and chemistry. Despite his headmaster's advice to wait until the next year, Hawking was awarded a scholarship after taking the examinations in March 1959.
Undergraduate years
Hawking began his university education at University College, Oxford,[26] in October 1959 at the age of 17. For the first eighteen months, he was bored and lonely – he found the academic work "ridiculously easy". His physics tutor, Robert Berman, later said, "It was only necessary for him to know that something could be done, and he could do it without looking to see how other people did it." A change occurred during his second and third years when, according to Berman, Hawking made more of an effort "to be one of the boys". He developed into a popular, lively and witty college-member, interested in classical music and science fiction. Part of the transformation resulted from his decision to join the college boat-club, the University College Boat Club, where he coxed a rowing-crew. The rowing-coach at the time noted that Hawking cultivated a daredevil image, steering his crew on risky courses that led to damaged boats. Hawking estimated that he studied about 1,000 hours during his three years at Oxford. These unimpressive study habits made sitting his finals a challenge, and he decided to answer only theoretical physics questions rather than those requiring factual knowledge. A first-class degree was a condition of acceptance for his planned graduate study in cosmology at the University of Cambridge. Anxious, he slept poorly the night before the examinations, and the result was on the borderline between first- and second-class honours, making a viva (oral examination) with the Oxford examiners necessary.
Hawking was concerned that he was viewed as a lazy and difficult student. So, when asked at the viva to describe his plans, he said, "If you award me a First, I will go to Cambridge. If I receive a Second, I shall stay in Oxford, so I expect you will give me a First." He was held in higher regard than he believed; as Berman commented, the examiners "were intelligent enough to realise they were talking to someone far cleverer than most of themselves". After receiving a first-class BA degree in physics and completing a trip to Iran with a friend, he began his graduate work at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, in October 1962.[26]
Post-graduate years
Hawking's first year as a doctoral student was difficult. He was initially disappointed to find that he had been assigned Dennis William Sciama, one of the founders of modern cosmology, as a supervisor rather than the noted astronomer Fred Hoyle, and he found his training in mathematics inadequate for work in general relativity and cosmology. After being diagnosed with motor neurone disease, Hawking fell into a depression – though his doctors advised that he continue with his studies, he felt there was little point. His disease progressed more slowly than doctors had predicted. Although Hawking had difficulty walking unsupported, and his speech was almost unintelligible, an initial diagnosis that he had only two years to live proved unfounded. With Sciama's encouragement, he returned to his work. Hawking started developing a reputation for brilliance and brashness when he publicly challenged the work of Hoyle and his student Jayant Narlikar at a lecture in June 1964.
When Hawking began his doctoral studies, there was much debate in the physics community about the prevailing theories of the creation of the universe: the Big Bang and Steady State theories. Inspired by Roger Penrose's theorem of a spacetime singularity in the centre of black holes, Hawking applied the same thinking to the entire universe; and, during 1965, he wrote his thesis on this topic.[78] Hawking's thesis[80] was approved in 1966.[80] There were other positive developments: Hawking received a research fellowship at Gonville and Caius College at Cambridge; he obtained his PhD degree in applied mathematics and theoretical physics, specialising in general relativity and cosmology, in March 1966; and his essay "Singularities and the Geometry of Space–Time" shared top honours with one by Penrose to win that year's prestigious Adams Prize.
Career
1966–1975
In his work, and in collaboration with Penrose, Hawking extended the singularity theorem concepts first explored in his doctoral thesis. This included not only the existence of singularities but also the theory that the universe might have started as a singularity. Their joint essay was the runner-up in the 1968 Gravity Research Foundation competition. In 1970, they published a proof that if the universe obeys the general theory of relativity and fits any of the models of physical cosmology developed by Alexander Friedmann, then it must have begun as a singularity.[88] In 1969, Hawking accepted a specially created Fellowship for Distinction in Science to remain at Caius.
In 1970, Hawking postulated what became known as the second law of black hole dynamics, that the event horizon of a black hole can never get smaller. With James M. Bardeen and Brandon Carter, he proposed the four laws of black hole mechanics, drawing an analogy with thermodynamics. To Hawking's irritation, Jacob Bekenstein, a graduate student of John Wheeler, went further—and ultimately correctly—to apply thermodynamic concepts literally.
In the early 1970s, Hawking's work with Carter, Werner Israel, and David C. Robinson strongly supported Wheeler's no-hair theorem, one that states that no matter what the original material from which a black hole is created, it can be completely described by the properties of mass, electrical charge and rotation.[95] His essay titled "Black Holes" won the Gravity Research Foundation Award in January 1971. Hawking's first book, The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time, written with George Ellis, was published in 1973.
Beginning in 1973, Hawking moved into the study of quantum gravity and quantum mechanics. His work in this area was spurred by a visit to Moscow and discussions with Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich and Alexei Starobinsky, whose work showed that according to the uncertainty principle, rotating black holes emit particles. To Hawking's annoyance, his much-checked calculations produced findings that contradicted his second law, which claimed black holes could never get smaller, and supported Bekenstein's reasoning about their entropy.
His results, which Hawking presented from 1974, showed that black holes emit radiation, known today as Hawking radiation, which may continue until they exhaust their energy and evaporate.[102][103] Initially, Hawking radiation was controversial. By the late 1970s and following the publication of further research, the discovery was widely accepted as a significant breakthrough in theoretical physics. Hawking was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1974, a few weeks after the announcement of Hawking radiation. At the time, he was one of the youngest scientists to become a Fellow.
Hawking was appointed to the Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Visiting Professorship at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 1974. He worked with a friend on the faculty, Kip Thorne,[6] and engaged him in a scientific wager about whether the X-ray source Cygnus X-1 was a black hole. The wager was an "insurance policy" against the proposition that black holes did not exist. Hawking acknowledged that he had lost the bet in 1990, a bet that was the first of several he was to make with Thorne and others. Hawking had maintained ties to Caltech, spending a month there almost every year since this first visit.
1975–1990
Hawking returned to Cambridge in 1975 to a more academically senior post, as reader in gravitational physics. The mid-to-late 1970s were a period of growing public interest in black holes and the physicists who were studying them. Hawking was regularly interviewed for print and television. He also received increasing academic recognition of his work. In 1975, he was awarded both the Eddington Medal and the Pius XI Gold Medal, and in 1976 the Dannie Heineman Prize, the Maxwell Medal and Prize and the Hughes Medal. He was appointed a professor with a chair in gravitational physics in 1977. The following year he received the Albert Einstein Medal and an honorary doctorate from the University of Oxford.
In 1979, Hawking was elected Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge.[121] His inaugural lecture in this role was titled: "Is the End in Sight for Theoretical Physics?" and proposed N = 8 supergravity as the leading theory to solve many of the outstanding problems physicists were studying. His promotion coincided with a health-crisis which led to his accepting, albeit reluctantly, some nursing services at home. At the same time, he was also making a transition in his approach to physics, becoming more intuitive and speculative rather than insisting on mathematical proofs. "I would rather be right than rigorous", he told Kip Thorne. In 1981, he proposed that information in a black hole is irretrievably lost when a black hole evaporates. This information paradox violates the fundamental tenet of quantum mechanics, and led to years of debate, including "the Black Hole War" with Leonard Susskind and Gerard 't Hooft.[126]
Cosmological inflation – a theory proposing that following the Big Bang, the universe initially expanded incredibly rapidly before settling down to a slower expansion – was proposed by Alan Guth and also developed by Andrei Linde. Following a conference in Moscow in October 1981, Hawking and Gary Gibbons[6] organised a three-week Nuffield Workshop in the summer of 1982 on "The Very Early Universe" at Cambridge University, a workshop that focused mainly on inflation theory.[129][130] Hawking also began a new line of quantum-theory research into the origin of the universe. In 1981 at a Vatican conference, he presented work suggesting that there might be no boundary – or beginning or ending – to the universe.
Hawking subsequently developed the research in collaboration with Jim Hartle,[6] and in 1983 they published a model, known as the Hartle–Hawking state. It proposed that prior to the Planck epoch, the universe had no boundary in space-time; before the Big Bang, time did not exist and the concept of the beginning of the universe is meaningless.[133] The initial singularity of the classical Big Bang models was replaced with a region akin to the North Pole. One cannot travel north of the North Pole, but there is no boundary there – it is simply the point where all north-running lines meet and end. Initially, the no-boundary proposal predicted a closed universe, which had implications about the existence of God. As Hawking explained, "If the universe has no boundaries but is self-contained... then God would not have had any freedom to choose how the universe began."
Hawking did not rule out the existence of a Creator, asking in A Brief History of Time "Is the unified theory so compelling that it brings about its own existence?", also stating "If we discover a complete theory, it would be the ultimate triumph of human reason – for then we should know the mind of God";[138] in his early work, Hawking spoke of God in a metaphorical sense. In the same book he suggested that the existence of God was not necessary to explain the origin of the universe. Later discussions with Neil Turok led to the realisation that the existence of God was also compatible with an open universe.
Further work by Hawking in the area of arrows of time led to the 1985 publication of a paper theorising that if the no-boundary proposition were correct, then when the universe stopped expanding and eventually collapsed, time would run backwards. A paper by Don Page and independent calculations by Raymond Laflamme led Hawking to withdraw this concept. Honours continued to be awarded: in 1981 he was awarded the American Franklin Medal, and in the 1982 New Year Honours appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE).[145] These awards did not significantly change Hawking's financial status, and motivated by the need to finance his children's education and home-expenses, he decided in 1982 to write a popular book about the universe that would be accessible to the general public. Instead of publishing with an academic press, he signed a contract with Bantam Books, a mass-market publisher, and received a large advance for his book. A first draft of the book, called A Brief History of Time, was completed in 1984.
One of the first messages Hawking produced with his speech-generating device was a request for his assistant to help him finish writing A Brief History of Time. Peter Guzzardi, his editor at Bantam, pushed him to explain his ideas clearly in non-technical language, a process that required many revisions from an increasingly irritated Hawking. The book was published in April 1988 in the US and in June in the UK, and it proved to be an extraordinary success, rising quickly to the top of best-seller lists in both countries and remaining there for months.[155] The book was translated into many languages, and as of 2009, has sold an estimated 9 million copies.[155]
Media attention was intense, and a Newsweek magazine-cover and a television special both described him as "Master of the Universe". Success led to significant financial rewards, but also the challenges of celebrity status. Hawking travelled extensively to promote his work, and enjoyed partying into the late hours. A difficulty refusing the invitations and visitors left him limited time for work and his students. Some colleagues were resentful of the attention Hawking received, feeling it was due to his disability.
He received further academic recognition, including five more honorary degrees, the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1985), the Paul Dirac Medal (1987) and, jointly with Penrose, the prestigious Wolf Prize (1988). In the 1989 Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH).[164] He reportedly declined a knighthood in the late 1990s in objection to the UK's science funding policy.[165][166]
1990–2000
Hawking pursued his work in physics: in 1993 he co-edited a book on Euclidean quantum gravity with Gary Gibbons and published a collected edition of his own articles on black holes and the Big Bang. In 1994, at Cambridge's Newton Institute, Hawking and Penrose delivered a series of six lectures that were published in 1996 as "The Nature of Space and Time". In 1997, he conceded a 1991 public scientific wager made with Kip Thorne and John Preskill of Caltech. Hawking had bet that Penrose's proposal of a "cosmic censorship conjecture" – that there could be no "naked singularities" unclothed within a horizon – was correct.
After discovering his concession might have been premature, a new and more refined wager was made. This one specified that such singularities would occur without extra conditions. The same year, Thorne, Hawking and Preskill made another bet, this time concerning the black hole information paradox.[171][172] Thorne and Hawking argued that since general relativity made it impossible for black holes to radiate and lose information, the mass-energy and information carried by Hawking radiation must be "new", and not from inside the black hole event horizon. Since this contradicted the quantum mechanics of microcausality, quantum mechanics theory would need to be rewritten. Preskill argued the opposite, that since quantum mechanics suggests that the information emitted by a black hole relates to information that fell in at an earlier time, the concept of black holes given by general relativity must be modified in some way.[173]
Hawking also maintained his public profile, including bringing science to a wider audience. A film version of A Brief History of Time, directed by Errol Morris and produced by Steven Spielberg, premiered in 1992. Hawking had wanted the film to be scientific rather than biographical, but he was persuaded otherwise. The film, while a critical success, was not widely released. A popular-level collection of essays, interviews, and talks titled Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays was published in 1993, and a six-part television series Stephen Hawking's Universe and a companion book appeared in 1997. As Hawking insisted, this time the focus was entirely on science.
2000–2018
Hawking continued his writings for a popular audience, publishing The Universe in a Nutshell in 2001, and A Briefer History of Time, which he wrote in 2005 with Leonard Mlodinow to update his earlier works with the aim of making them accessible to a wider audience, and God Created the Integers, which appeared in 2006. Along with Thomas Hertog at CERN and Jim Hartle, from 2006 on Hawking developed a theory of top-down cosmology, which says that the universe had not one unique initial state but many different ones, and therefore that it is inappropriate to formulate a theory that predicts the universe's current configuration from one particular initial state.[180] Top-down cosmology posits that the present "selects" the past from a superposition of many possible histories. In doing so, the theory suggests a possible resolution of the fine-tuning question.[181][182]
Hawking continued to travel widely, including trips to Chile, Easter Island, South Africa, Spain (to receive the Fonseca Prize in 2008),[184] Canada, and numerous trips to the United States. For practical reasons related to his disability, Hawking increasingly travelled by private jet, and by 2011 that had become his only mode of international travel.
By 2003, consensus among physicists was growing that Hawking was wrong about the loss of information in a black hole. In a 2004 lecture in Dublin, he conceded his 1997 bet with Preskill, but described his own, somewhat controversial solution to the information paradox problem, involving the possibility that black holes have more than one topology.[173] In the 2005 paper he published on the subject, he argued that the information paradox was explained by examining all the alternative histories of universes, with the information loss in those with black holes being cancelled out by those without such loss.[172] In January 2014, he called the alleged loss of information in black holes his "biggest blunder".[191]
As part of another longstanding scientific dispute, Hawking had emphatically argued, and bet, that the Higgs boson would never be found. The particle was proposed to exist as part of the Higgs field theory by Peter Higgs in 1964. Hawking and Higgs engaged in a heated and public debate over the matter in 2002 and again in 2008, with Higgs criticising Hawking's work and complaining that Hawking's "celebrity status gives him instant credibility that others do not have." The particle was discovered in July 2012 at CERN following construction of the Large Hadron Collider. Hawking quickly conceded that he had lost his bet[194][195] and said that Higgs should win the Nobel Prize for Physics,[196] which he did in 2013.[197]
In 2007, Hawking and his daughter Lucy published George's Secret Key to the Universe, a children's book designed to explain theoretical physics in an accessible fashion and featuring characters similar to those in the Hawking family. The book was followed by sequels in 2009, 2011, 2014 and 2016.[199]
In 2002, following a UK-wide vote, the BBC included Hawking in their list of the 100 Greatest Britons.[200] He was awarded the Copley Medal from the Royal Society (2006),[201] the Presidential Medal of Freedom, which is America's highest civilian honour (2009),[202] and the Russian Special Fundamental Physics Prize (2013).[203]
Several buildings have been named after him, including the Stephen W. Hawking Science Museum in San Salvador, El Salvador,[204] the Stephen Hawking Building in Cambridge,[205] and the Stephen Hawking Centre at the Perimeter Institute in Canada.[206] Appropriately, given Hawking's association with time, he unveiled the mechanical "Chronophage" (or time-eating) Corpus Clock at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge in September 2008.[208]
During his career, Hawking supervised 39 successful PhD students.[1] One doctoral student did not successfully complete the PhD.[1][better source needed] As required by Cambridge University policy, Hawking retired as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics in 2009.[121][209] Despite suggestions that he might leave the United Kingdom as a protest against public funding cuts to basic scientific research, Hawking worked as director of research at the Cambridge University Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics.[211]
On 28 June 2009, as a tongue-in-cheek test of his 1992 conjecture that travel into the past is effectively impossible, Hawking held a party open to all, complete with hors d'oeuvres and iced champagne, but publicised the party only after it was over so that only time-travellers would know to attend; as expected, nobody showed up to the party.[212]
On 20 July 2015, Hawking helped launch Breakthrough Initiatives, an effort to search for extraterrestrial life.[213] Hawking created Stephen Hawking: Expedition New Earth, a documentary on space colonisation, as a 2017 episode of Tomorrow's World.[214][215]
In August 2015, Hawking said that not all information is lost when something enters a black hole and there might be a possibility to retrieve information from a black hole according to his theory.[216] In July 2017, Hawking was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Imperial College London.[217]
Hawking's final paper – A smooth exit from eternal inflation? – was posthumously published in the Journal of High Energy Physics on 27 April 2018.[218][219]
Personal life
Marriages
Hawking met his future wife, Jane Wilde, at a party in 1962. The following year, Hawking was diagnosed with motor neurone disease. In October 1964, the couple became engaged to marry, aware of the potential challenges that lay ahead due to Hawking's shortened life expectancy and physical limitations. Hawking later said that the engagement gave him "something to live for". The two were married on 14 July 1965 in their shared hometown of St Albans.
The couple resided in Cambridge, within Hawking's walking distance to the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP). During their first years of marriage, Jane lived in London during the week as she completed her degree at Westfield College. They travelled to the United States several times for conferences and physics-related visits. Jane began a PhD programme through Westfield College in medieval Spanish poetry (completed in 1981). The couple had three children: Robert, born May 1967, Lucy, born November 1970, and Timothy, born April 1979.
Hawking rarely discussed his illness and physical challenges—even, in a precedent set during their courtship, with Jane. His disabilities meant that the responsibilities of home and family rested firmly on his wife's increasingly overwhelmed shoulders, leaving him more time to think about physics. Upon his appointment in 1974 to a year-long position at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California, Jane proposed that a graduate or post-doctoral student live with them and help with his care. Hawking accepted, and Bernard Carr travelled with them as the first of many students who fulfilled this role.[228] The family spent a generally happy and stimulating year in Pasadena.
Hawking returned to Cambridge in 1975 to a new home and a new job, as reader. Don Page, with whom Hawking had begun a close friendship at Caltech, arrived to work as the live-in graduate student assistant. With Page's help and that of a secretary, Jane's responsibilities were reduced so she could return to her doctoral thesis and her new interest in singing.
Around December 1977, Jane met organist Jonathan Hellyer Jones when singing in a church choir. Hellyer Jones became close to the Hawking family and, by the mid-1980s, he and Jane had developed romantic feelings for each other. According to Jane, her husband was accepting of the situation, stating "he would not object so long as I continued to love him". Jane and Hellyer Jones were determined not to break up the family, and their relationship remained platonic for a long period.
By the 1980s, Hawking's marriage had been strained for many years. Jane felt overwhelmed by the intrusion into their family life of the required nurses and assistants. The impact of his celebrity status was challenging for colleagues and family members, while the prospect of living up to a worldwide fairytale image was daunting for the couple.[181] Hawking's views of religion also contrasted with her strong Christian faith and resulted in tension.[181][239] After a tracheotomy in 1985, Hawking required a full-time nurse and nursing care was split across three shifts daily. In the late 1980s, Hawking grew close to one of his nurses, Elaine Mason, to the dismay of some colleagues, caregivers, and family members, who were disturbed by her strength of personality and protectiveness. In February 1990, Hawking told Jane that he was leaving her for Mason and departed the family home. After his divorce from Jane in 1995, Hawking married Mason in September, declaring, "It's wonderful – I have married the woman I love."
In 1999, Jane Hawking published a memoir, Music to Move the Stars, describing her marriage to Hawking and its breakdown. Its revelations caused a sensation in the media but, as was his usual practice regarding his personal life, Hawking made no public comment except to say that he did not read biographies about himself. After his second marriage, Hawking's family felt excluded and marginalised from his life.[239] For a period of about five years in the early 2000s, his family and staff became increasingly worried that he was being physically abused. Police investigations took place, but were closed as Hawking refused to make a complaint.[246]
In 2006, Hawking and Mason quietly divorced,[247] and Hawking resumed closer relationships with Jane, his children, and his grandchildren.[181] Reflecting on this happier period, a revised version of Jane's book, re-titled Travelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen, appeared in 2007,[246] and was made into a film, The Theory of Everything, in 2014.[249]
Disability
Hawking had a rare early-onset, slow-progressing form of motor neurone disease (MND; also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig's disease), a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects the motor neurones in the brain and spinal cord, which gradually paralysed him over decades.[21]
Hawking had experienced increasing clumsiness during his final year at Oxford, including a fall on some stairs and difficulties when rowing.[251] The problems worsened, and his speech became slightly slurred. His family noticed the changes when he returned home for Christmas, and medical investigations were begun. The MND diagnosis came when Hawking was 21, in 1963. At the time, doctors gave him a life expectancy of two years.
In the late 1960s, Hawking's physical abilities declined: he began to use crutches and could no longer give lectures regularly. As he slowly lost the ability to write, he developed compensatory visual methods, including seeing equations in terms of geometry. The physicist Werner Israel later compared the achievements to Mozart composing an entire symphony in his head.[259] Hawking was fiercely independent and unwilling to accept help or make concessions for his disabilities. He preferred to be regarded as "a scientist first, popular science writer second, and, in all the ways that matter, a normal human being with the same desires, drives, dreams, and ambitions as the next person". His wife Jane later noted: "Some people would call it determination, some obstinacy. I've called it both at one time or another." He required much persuasion to accept the use of a wheelchair at the end of the 1960s, but ultimately became notorious for the wildness of his wheelchair driving. Hawking was a popular and witty colleague, but his illness, as well as his reputation for brashness, distanced him from some.
When Hawking first began using a wheelchair he was using standard motorised models. The earliest surviving example of these chairs was made by BEC Mobility and sold by Christie's in November 2018 for £296,750.[265] Hawking continued to use this type of chair until the early 1990s, at which time his ability to use his hands to drive a wheelchair deteriorated. Hawking used a variety of different chairs from that time, including a DragonMobility Dragon elevating powerchair from 2007, as shown in the April 2008 photo of Hawking attending NASA's 50th anniversary;[266] a Permobil C350 from 2014; and then a Permobil F3 from 2016.[267]
Hawking's speech deteriorated, and by the late 1970s he could be understood by only his family and closest friends. To communicate with others, someone who knew him well would interpret his speech into intelligible speech. Spurred by a dispute with the university over who would pay for the ramp needed for him to enter his workplace, Hawking and his wife campaigned for improved access and support for those with disabilities in Cambridge, including adapted student housing at the university. In general, Hawking had ambivalent feelings about his role as a disability rights champion: while wanting to help others, he also sought to detach himself from his illness and its challenges. His lack of engagement in this area led to some criticism.
During a visit to CERN on the border of France and Switzerland in mid-1985, Hawking contracted pneumonia, which in his condition was life-threatening; he was so ill that Jane was asked if life support should be terminated. She refused, but the consequence was a tracheotomy, which required round-the-clock nursing care and caused the loss of what remained of his speech. The National Health Service was ready to pay for a nursing home, but Jane was determined that he would live at home. The cost of the care was funded by an American foundation. Nurses were hired for the three shifts required to provide the round-the-clock support he required. One of those employed was Elaine Mason, who was to become Hawking's second wife.
For his communication, Hawking initially raised his eyebrows to choose letters on a spelling card, but in 1986 he received a computer program called the "Equalizer" from Walter Woltosz, CEO of Words Plus, who had developed an earlier version of the software to help his mother-in-law, who also had ALS and had lost her ability to speak and write.[280] In a method he used for the rest of his life, Hawking could now simply press a switch to select phrases, words or letters from a bank of about 2,500–3,000 that were scanned. The program was originally run on a desktop computer. Elaine Mason's husband, David, a computer engineer, adapted a small computer and attached it to his wheelchair.
Released from the need to use somebody to interpret his speech, Hawking commented that "I can communicate better now than before I lost my voice." The voice he used had an American accent and is no longer produced.[286] Despite the later availability of other voices, Hawking retained this original voice, saying that he preferred it and identified with it.[287] Originally, Hawking activated a switch using his hand and could produce up to 15 words per minute. Lectures were prepared in advance and were sent to the speech synthesiser in short sections to be delivered.
Hawking gradually lost the use of his hand, and in 2005 he began to control his communication device with movements of his cheek muscles,[289][290] with a rate of about one word per minute.[289] With this decline there was a risk of him developing locked-in syndrome, so Hawking collaborated with Intel Corporation researchers on systems that could translate his brain patterns or facial expressions into switch activations. After several prototypes that did not perform as planned, they settled on an adaptive word predictor made by the London-based startup SwiftKey, which used a system similar to his original technology. Hawking had an easier time adapting to the new system, which was further developed after inputting large amounts of Hawking's papers and other written materials and uses predictive software similar to other smartphone keyboards.[181][280][290][291]
By 2009, he could no longer drive his wheelchair independently, but the same people who created his new typing mechanics were working on a method to drive his chair using movements made by his chin. This proved difficult, since Hawking could not move his neck, and trials showed that while he could indeed drive the chair, the movement was sporadic and jumpy.[280] Near the end of his life, Hawking experienced increased breathing difficulties, often resulting in his requiring the usage of a ventilator, and being regularly hospitalised.[181]
Disability outreach
Starting in the 1990s, Hawking accepted the mantle of role model for disabled people, lecturing and participating in fundraising activities. At the turn of the century, he and eleven other humanitarians signed the Charter for the Third Millennium on Disability, which called on governments to prevent disability and protect the rights of disabled people.[294] In 1999, Hawking was awarded the Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize of the American Physical Society.[296]
In August 2012, Hawking narrated the "Enlightenment" segment of the 2012 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony in London.[297] In 2013, the biographical documentary film Hawking, in which Hawking himself is featured, was released.[298] In September 2013, he expressed support for the legalisation of assisted suicide for the terminally ill.[299] In August 2014, Hawking accepted the Ice Bucket Challenge to promote ALS/MND awareness and raise contributions for research. As he had pneumonia in 2013, he was advised not to have ice poured over him, but his children volunteered to accept the challenge on his behalf.[300]
Plans for a trip to space
In late 2006, Hawking revealed in a BBC interview that one of his greatest unfulfilled desires was to travel to space.[301] On hearing this, Richard Branson offered a free flight into space with Virgin Galactic, which Hawking immediately accepted. Besides personal ambition, he was motivated by the desire to increase public interest in spaceflight and to show the potential of people with disabilities.[302] On 26 April 2007, Hawking flew aboard a specially-modified Boeing 727–200 jet operated by Zero-G Corp off the coast of Florida to experience weightlessness. Fears that the manoeuvres would cause him undue discomfort proved incorrect, and the flight was extended to eight parabolic arcs.[301] It was described as a successful test to see if he could withstand the g-forces involved in space flight.[304] At the time, the date of Hawking's trip to space was projected to be as early as 2009, but commercial flights to space did not commence before his death.[305]
Death
Hawking died at his home in Cambridge on 14 March 2018, at the age of 76.[306][307][308] His family stated that he "died peacefully".[309][310] He was eulogised by figures in science, entertainment, politics, and other areas.[311][312][313][314] The Gonville and Caius College flag flew at half-mast and a book of condolences was signed by students and visitors.[315][316][317] A tribute was made to Hawking in the closing speech by IPC President Andrew Parsons at the closing ceremony of the 2018 Paralympic Winter Games in Pyeongchang, South Korea.[318]
His private funeral took place on 31 March 2018,[319] at Great St Mary's Church, Cambridge.[319][320] Guests at the funeral included The Theory of Everything actors Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones, Queen guitarist and astrophysicist Brian May, and model Lily Cole.[321][322] In addition, actor Benedict Cumberbatch, who played Stephen Hawking in Hawking, astronaut Tim Peake, Astronomer Royal Martin Rees and physicist Kip Thorne provided readings at the service.[323] Although Hawking was an atheist, the funeral took place with a traditional Anglican service.[324][325] Following the cremation, a service of thanksgiving was held at Westminster Abbey on 15 June 2018, after which his ashes were interred in the Abbey's nave, between the graves of Sir Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin.[16][321][326][327]
Inscribed on his memorial stone are the words "Here lies what was mortal of Stephen Hawking 1942–2018" and his most famed equation.[328] He directed, at least fifteen years before his death, that the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy equation be his epitaph.[329][330][note 1] In June 2018, it was announced that Hawking's words, set to music by Greek composer Vangelis, would be beamed into space from a European space agency satellite dish in Spain with the aim of reaching the nearest black hole, 1A 0620-00.[335]
Hawking's final broadcast interview, about the detection of gravitational waves resulting from the collision of two neutron stars, occurred in October 2017.[336] His final words to the world appeared posthumously, in April 2018, in the form of a Smithsonian TV Channel documentary entitled, Leaving Earth: Or How to Colonize a Planet.[337][338] One of his final research studies, entitled A smooth exit from eternal inflation?, about the origin of the universe, was published in the Journal of High Energy Physics in May 2018.[339][218][340] Later, in October 2018, another of his final research studies, entitled Black Hole Entropy and Soft Hair,[341] was published, and dealt with the "mystery of what happens to the information held by objects once they disappear into a black hole".[342][343] Also in October 2018, Hawking's last book, Brief Answers to the Big Questions, a popular science book presenting his final comments on the most important questions facing humankind, was published.[344][345][346]
On 8 November 2018, an auction of 22 personal possessions of Stephen Hawking, including his doctoral thesis ("Properties of Expanding Universes", PhD thesis, Cambridge University, 1965) and wheelchair, took place, and fetched about £1.8 m.[347][348] Proceeds from the auction sale of the wheelchair went to two charities, the Motor Neurone Disease Association and the Stephen Hawking Foundation;[349] proceeds from Hawking's other items went to his estate.[348]
In March 2019, it was announced that the Royal Mint would issue a commemorative 50p coin, only available as a commemorative edition,[350] in honour of Hawking.[351] The same month, Hawking's nurse, Patricia Dowdy, was struck off the nursing register for "failures over his care and financial misconduct."[352]
In May 2021 it was announced that an Acceptance-in-Lieu agreement between HMRC, the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, Cambridge University Library, Science Museum Group, and the Hawking Estate, would see around 10,000 pages of Hawking's scientific and other papers remain in Cambridge, while objects including his wheelchairs, speech synthesisers, and personal memorabilia from his former Cambridge office would be housed at the Science Museum.[353] In February 2022 the "Stephen Hawking at Work" display opened at the Science Museum, London as the start of a two-year nationwide tour.[354]
Personal views
Philosophy is unnecessary
At Google's Zeitgeist Conference in 2011, Stephen Hawking said that "philosophy is dead". He believed that philosophers "have not kept up with modern developments in science", "have not taken science sufficiently seriously and so Philosophy is no longer relevant to knowledge claims", "their art is dead" and that scientists "have become the bearers of the torch of discovery in our quest for knowledge". He said that philosophical problems can be answered by science, particularly new scientific theories which "lead us to a new and very different picture of the universe and our place in it".[355] His view was both praised and criticised.[356]
Future of humanity
In 2006, Hawking posed an open question on the Internet: "In a world that is in chaos politically, socially and environmentally, how can the human race sustain another 100 years?", later clarifying: "I don't know the answer. That is why I asked the question, to get people to think about it, and to be aware of the dangers we now face."[357]
Hawking expressed concern that life on Earth is at risk from a sudden nuclear war, a genetically engineered virus, global warming, or other dangers humans have not yet thought of.[302][358] Hawking stated: "I regard it as almost inevitable that either a nuclear confrontation or environmental catastrophe will cripple the Earth at some point in the next 1,000 years", and considered an "asteroid collision" to be the biggest threat to the planet.[344] Such a planet-wide disaster need not result in human extinction if the human race were to be able to colonise additional planets before the disaster.[358] Hawking viewed spaceflight and the colonisation of space as necessary for the future of humanity.[302][359]
Hawking stated that, given the vastness of the universe, aliens likely exist, but that contact with them should be avoided.[360][361] He warned that aliens might pillage Earth for resources. In 2010 he said, "If aliens visit us, the outcome would be much as when Columbus landed in America, which didn't turn out well for the Native Americans."[361]
Hawking warned that superintelligent artificial intelligence could be pivotal in steering humanity's fate, stating that "the potential benefits are huge... Success in creating AI would be the biggest event in human history. It might also be the last, unless we learn how to avoid the risks."[362][363] He feared that "an extremely intelligent future AI will probably develop a drive to survive and acquire more resources as a step toward accomplishing whatever goal it has", and that "The real risk with AI isn't malice but competence. A super-intelligent AI will be extremely good at accomplishing its goals, and if those goals aren't aligned with ours, we're in trouble".[364] He also considered that the enormous wealth generated by machines needs to be redistributed to prevent exacerbated economic inequality.[364]
Hawking was concerned about the future emergence of a race of "superhumans" that would be able to design their own evolution[344] and, as well, argued that computer viruses in today's world should be considered a new form of life, stating that "maybe it says something about human nature, that the only form of life we have created so far is purely destructive. Talk about creating life in our own image."
Religion and atheism
Hawking was an atheist.[366][367] In an interview published in The Guardian, Hawking regarded "the brain as a computer which will stop working when its components fail", and the concept of an afterlife as a "fairy story for people afraid of the dark".[307][138] In 2011, narrating the first episode of the American television series Curiosity on the Discovery Channel, Hawking declared:
We are each free to believe what we want and it is my view that the simplest explanation is there is no God. No one created the universe and no one directs our fate. This leads me to a profound realisation. There is probably no heaven, and no afterlife either. We have this one life to appreciate the grand design of the universe, and for that, I am extremely grateful.[368][369]
Hawking's association with atheism and freethinking was in evidence from his university years onwards, when he had been a member of Oxford University's humanist group. He was later scheduled to appear as the keynote speaker at a 2017 Humanists UK conference.[370] In an interview with El Mundo, he said:
Before we understand science, it is natural to believe that God created the universe. But now science offers a more convincing explanation. What I meant by 'we would know the mind of God' is, we would know everything that God would know, if there were a God, which there isn't. I'm an atheist.[366]
In addition, Hawking stated:
If you like, you can call the laws of science 'God', but it wouldn't be a personal God that you would meet and put questions to.[344]
Politics
Hawking was a longstanding Labour Party supporter. He recorded a tribute for the 2000 Democratic presidential candidate Al Gore, called the 2003 invasion of Iraq a "war crime",[374] campaigned for nuclear disarmament, and supported stem cell research,[375] universal health care, and action to prevent climate change.[377] In August 2014, Hawking was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to The Guardian expressing their hope that Scotland would vote to remain part of the United Kingdom in September's referendum on that issue.[378] Hawking believed a United Kingdom withdrawal from the European Union (Brexit) would damage the UK's contribution to science as modern research needs international collaboration, and that free movement of people in Europe encourages the spread of ideas.[379] Hawking said to Theresa May, "I deal with tough mathematical questions every day, but please don't ask me to help with Brexit."[380] Hawking was disappointed by Brexit and warned against envy and isolationism.[381]
Hawking was greatly concerned over health care, and maintained that without the UK National Health Service, he could not have survived into his 70s.[382] Hawking especially feared privatisation. He stated, "The more profit is extracted from the system, the more private monopolies grow and the more expensive healthcare becomes. The NHS must be preserved from commercial interests and protected from those who want to privatise it."[383] Hawking blamed the Conservatives for cutting funding to the NHS, weakening it by privatisation, lowering staff morale through holding pay back and reducing social care.[384] Hawking accused Jeremy Hunt of cherry picking evidence which Hawking maintained debased science.[382] Hawking also stated, "There is overwhelming evidence that NHS funding and the numbers of doctors and nurses are inadequate, and it is getting worse."[385] In June 2017, Hawking endorsed the Labour Party in the 2017 UK general election, citing the Conservatives' proposed cuts to the NHS. But he was also critical of Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn, expressing scepticism over whether the party could win a general election under him.[386]
Hawking feared Donald Trump's policies on global warming could endanger the planet and make global warming irreversible. He said, "Climate change is one of the great dangers we face, and it's one we can prevent if we act now. By denying the evidence for climate change, and pulling out of the Paris Agreement, Donald Trump will cause avoidable environmental damage to our beautiful planet, endangering the natural world, for us and our children."[387] Hawking further stated that this could lead Earth "to become like Venus, with a temperature of two hundred and fifty degrees, and raining sulphuric acid".[388]
Hawking was also a supporter of a universal basic income.[389] He was critical of the Israeli government's position on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, stating that their policy "is likely to lead to disaster."[390]
Appearances in popular media
In 1988, Hawking, Arthur C. Clarke and Carl Sagan were interviewed in God, the Universe and Everything Else. They discussed the Big Bang theory, God and the possibility of extraterrestrial life.[391]
At the release party for the home video version of the A Brief History of Time, Leonard Nimoy, who had played Spock on Star Trek, learned that Hawking was interested in appearing on the show. Nimoy made the necessary contact, and Hawking played a holographic simulation of himself in an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation in 1993. The same year, his synthesiser voice was recorded for the Pink Floyd song "Keep Talking", and in 1999 for an appearance on The Simpsons. Hawking appeared in documentaries titled The Real Stephen Hawking (2001), Stephen Hawking: Profile (2002) and Hawking (2013), and the documentary series Stephen Hawking, Master of the Universe (2008).[397] Hawking also guest-starred in Futurama[181] and had a recurring role in The Big Bang Theory.[398]
Hawking allowed the use of his copyrighted voice[399][400] in the biographical 2014 film The Theory of Everything, in which he was portrayed by Eddie Redmayne in an Academy Award-winning role.[401] Hawking was featured at the Monty Python Live (Mostly) show in 2014. He was shown to sing an extended version of the "Galaxy Song", after running down Brian Cox with his wheelchair, in a pre-recorded video.[402][403]
Hawking used his fame to advertise products, including a wheelchair, National Savings,[404] British Telecom, Specsavers, Egg Banking,[405] and Go Compare.[406] In 2015, he applied to trademark his name.[407]
Broadcast in March 2018 just a week or two before his death, Hawking was the voice of The Book Mark II on The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy radio series, and he was the guest of Neil deGrasse Tyson on StarTalk.[408]
The 2021 animated sitcom The Freak Brothers features a recurring character, Mayor Pimco, who is apparently modeled after Stephen Hawking.[409]
On 8 January 2022, Google featured Hawking in a Google Doodle on the occasion of his 80th birthday.[410]
Awards and honours
Hawking received numerous awards and honours. Already early in the list, in 1974 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS).[6] At that time, his nomination read:
Hawking has made major contributions to the field of general relativity. These derive from a deep understanding of what is relevant to physics and astronomy, and especially from a mastery of wholly new mathematical techniques. Following the pioneering work of Penrose he established, partly alone and partly in collaboration with Penrose, a series of successively stronger theorems establishing the fundamental result that all realistic cosmological models must possess singularities. Using similar techniques, Hawking has proved the basic theorems on the laws governing black holes: that stationary solutions of Einstein's equations with smooth event horizons must necessarily be axisymmetric; and that in the evolution and interaction of black holes, the total surface area of the event horizons must increase. In collaboration with G. Ellis, Hawking is the author of an impressive and original treatise on "Space-time in the Large".
The citation continues, "Other important work by Hawking relates to the interpretation of cosmological observations and to the design of gravitational wave detectors."[411]
Hawking was also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1984),[412] the American Philosophical Society (1984),[413] and the United States National Academy of Sciences (1992).[414]
Hawking received the 2015 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Basic Sciences shared with Viatcheslav Mukhanov for discovering that the galaxies were formed from quantum fluctuations in the early Universe. At the 2016 Pride of Britain Awards, Hawking received the lifetime achievement award "for his contribution to science and British culture".[415] After receiving the award from Prime Minister Theresa May, Hawking humorously requested that she not seek his help with Brexit.[415]
The Hawking Fellowship
Main article: Hawking Fellowship
In 2017, the Cambridge Union Society, in conjunction with Hawking, established the Professor Stephen Hawking Fellowship. The fellowship is awarded annually to an individual who has made an exceptional contribution to the STEM fields and social discourse,[416] with a particular focus on impacts affecting the younger generations. Each fellow delivers a lecture on a topic of their choosing, known as the 'Hawking Lecture'.[417]
Hawking himself accepted the inaugural fellowship, and he delivered the first Hawking Lecture in his last public appearance before his death. [418][419]
Medal for Science Communication
Hawking was a member of the advisory board of the Starmus Festival, and had a major role in acknowledging and promoting science communication. The Stephen Hawking Medal for Science Communication is an annual award initiated in 2016 to honour members of the arts community for contributions that help build awareness of science.[420] Recipients receive a medal bearing a portrait of Hawking by Alexei Leonov, and the other side represents an image of Leonov himself performing the first spacewalk along with an image of the "Red Special", the guitar of Queen musician and astrophysicist Brian May (with music being another major component of the Starmus Festival).[421]
The Starmus III Festival in 2016 was a tribute to Stephen Hawking and the book of all Starmus III lectures, "Beyond the Horizon", was also dedicated to him. The first recipients of the medals, which were awarded at the festival, were chosen by Hawking himself. They were composer Hans Zimmer, physicist Jim Al-Khalili, and the science documentary Particle Fever.[422]
Publications
Popular books
A Brief History of Time (1988)[199]
Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays (1993)[423]
The Universe in a Nutshell (2001)[199]
On the Shoulders of Giants (2002)[199]
God Created the Integers: The Mathematical Breakthroughs That Changed History (2005)[199]
The Dreams That Stuff Is Made of: The Most Astounding Papers of Quantum Physics and How They Shook the Scientific World (2011)[424]
My Brief History (2013)[199] Hawking's memoir.
Brief Answers to the Big Questions (2018)[344][425]
Co-authored
The Nature of Space and Time (with Roger Penrose) (1996)
The Large, the Small and the Human Mind (with Roger Penrose, Abner Shimony and Nancy Cartwright) (1997)
The Future of Spacetime (with Kip Thorne, Igor Novikov, Timothy Ferris and introduction by Alan Lightman, Richard H. Price) (2002)
A Briefer History of Time (with Leonard Mlodinow) (2005)[199]
The Grand Design (with Leonard Mlodinow) (2010)[199]
Forewords
Black Holes & Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy (Kip Thorne, and introduction by Frederick Seitz) (1994)
The Physics of Star Trek (Lawrence Krauss) (1995)
Children's fiction
Co-written with his daughter Lucy.
George's Secret Key to the Universe (2007)[199]
George's Cosmic Treasure Hunt (2009)[199]
George and the Big Bang (2011)[199]
George and the Unbreakable Code (2014)
George and the Blue Moon (2016)
Films and series
A Brief History of Time (1992)[426]
Stephen Hawking's Universe (1997)[427]
Hawking – BBC television film (2004) starring Benedict Cumberbatch
Horizon: The Hawking Paradox (2005)[428]
Masters of Science Fiction (2007)[429]
Stephen Hawking and the Theory of Everything (2007)
Stephen Hawking: Master of the Universe (2008)[430]
Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking (2010)[431]
Brave New World with Stephen Hawking (2011)[432]
Stephen Hawking's Grand Design (2012)[433]
The Big Bang Theory (2012, 2014–2015, 2017)
Stephen Hawking: A Brief History of Mine (2013)[434]
The Theory of Everything – Feature film (2014) starring Eddie Redmayne[435]
Genius by Stephen Hawking (2016)
Selected academic works
S. W. Hawking; R. Penrose (27 January 1970). "The Singularities of Gravitational Collapse and Cosmology". Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 314 (1519): 529–548. Bibcode:1970RSPSA.314..529H. doi:10.1098/RSPA.1970.0021. ISSN 1364-5021. S2CID 120208756. Zbl 0954.83012. Wikidata Q55872061.
S. W. Hawking (May 1971). "Gravitational Radiation from Colliding Black Holes". Physical Review Letters. 26 (21): 1344–1346. Bibcode:1971PhRvL..26.1344H. doi:10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.26.1344. ISSN 0031-9007. Wikidata Q21706376.
Stephen Hawking (June 1972). "Black holes in general relativity". Communications in Mathematical Physics. 25 (2): 152–166. Bibcode:1972CMaPh..25..152H. doi:10.1007/BF01877517. ISSN 0010-3616. S2CID 121527613. Wikidata Q56453197.
Stephen Hawking (March 1974). "Black hole explosions?". Nature. 248 (5443): 30–31. Bibcode:1974Natur.248...30H. doi:10.1038/248030A0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4290107. Zbl 1370.83053. Wikidata Q54017915.
Stephen Hawking (September 1982). "The development of irregularities in a single bubble inflationary universe". Physics Letters B. 115 (4): 295–297. Bibcode:1982PhLB..115..295H. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(82)90373-2. ISSN 0370-2693. Wikidata Q29398982.
J. B. Hartle; S. W. Hawking (December 1983). "Wave function of the Universe". Physical Review D. 28 (12): 2960–2975. Bibcode:1983PhRvD..28.2960H. doi:10.1103/PHYSREVD.28.2960. ISSN 1550-7998. Zbl 1370.83118. Wikidata Q21707690.
Stephen Hawking; C J Hunter (1 October 1996). "The gravitational Hamiltonian in the presence of non-orthogonal boundaries". Classical and Quantum Gravity. 13 (10): 2735–2752. arXiv:gr-qc/9603050. Bibcode:1996CQGra..13.2735H. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.339.8756. doi:10.1088/0264-9381/13/10/012. ISSN 0264-9381. S2CID 10715740. Zbl 0859.58038. Wikidata Q56551504.
S. W. Hawking (October 2005). "Information loss in black holes". Physical Review D. 72 (8). arXiv:hep-th/0507171. Bibcode:2005PhRvD..72h4013H. doi:10.1103/PHYSREVD.72.084013. ISSN 1550-7998. S2CID 118893360. Wikidata Q21651473.
Stephen Hawking; Thomas Hertog (April 2018). "A smooth exit from eternal inflation?". Journal of High Energy Physics. 2018 (4). arXiv:1707.07702. Bibcode:2018JHEP...04..147H. doi:10.1007/JHEP04(2018)147. ISSN 1126-6708. S2CID 13745992. Zbl 1390.83455. Wikidata Q55878494.
See also
List of things named after Stephen Hawking
On the Origin of Time, a book by Thomas Hertog about Hawking's theories
Notes
References
Citations
Sources
|
||||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 41
|
https://www.focusfeatures.com/
|
en
|
Focus Features
|
[
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Flogo.8222e527.png&w=256&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Flogo.8222e527.png&w=384&q=75 2x",
"https://ff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com/focus_Facebook_Icon_4527bc89a1.svg",
"https://ff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com/focus_Instagram_Icon_5a79e80a74.svg",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2Ftiktok_logo_f7e6410990.jpg&w=32&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2Ftiktok_logo_f7e6410990.jpg&w=48&q=75 2x",
"https://ff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com/focus_X_Icon_4fd00778dc.svg",
"https://ff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com/focus_Youtube_Icon_331931cf15.svg",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2Flinkedin_logo_21a2cab56e.jpg&w=32&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2Flinkedin_logo_21a2cab56e.jpg&w=48&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FD_FP_00342_beaa086019.png&w=3840&q=75 1x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2F4234_D_FP_00004_13295053d4.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2F4234_D_FP_00004_13295053d4.jpg&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2F01_4230_C_TP_00015_R_7f66d5ccc3.jpg&w=3840&q=75 1x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2F01_4230_C_TP_00015_R_eeecca25e9.jpg&w=3840&q=75 1x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FSHAUNPK_01_Z1510_d4fac7b104.jpg&w=3840&q=75 1x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FShaun_Thumb_Clean20th_Trailer_4381f40fcd.png&w=1920&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FShaun_Thumb_Clean20th_Trailer_4381f40fcd.png&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FTouch_57f82104e9.jpg&w=3840&q=75 1x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FTouch_57f82104e9.jpg&w=3840&q=75 1x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FD_FP_00342_beaa086019.png&w=3840&q=75 1x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2F4234_D_FP_00004_13295053d4.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2F4234_D_FP_00004_13295053d4.jpg&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2F01_4230_C_TP_00015_R_7f66d5ccc3.jpg&w=3840&q=75 1x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2F01_4230_C_TP_00015_R_eeecca25e9.jpg&w=3840&q=75 1x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FSHAUNPK_01_Z1510_d4fac7b104.jpg&w=3840&q=75 1x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FShaun_Thumb_Clean20th_Trailer_4381f40fcd.png&w=1920&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FShaun_Thumb_Clean20th_Trailer_4381f40fcd.png&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FTouch_57f82104e9.jpg&w=3840&q=75 1x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FTouch_57f82104e9.jpg&w=3840&q=75 1x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FDIDI_Best_Sellers_Promo_Merch_e2b60eddc4.jpg&w=1920&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FDIDI_Best_Sellers_Promo_Merch_e2b60eddc4.jpg&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2Fthumb_SOD_Merch_f3c9452050.jpg&w=3840&q=75 1x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2F3_A057_C017_190415_R1_J8_2_2_1_C_971edb2f79.jpg&w=3840&q=75 1x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FThumb_friendship_8e06aa94c2.jpg&w=3840&q=75 1x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FDidi_Poster_V2_66c7cccc18.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FDidi_Poster_V2_66c7cccc18.jpg&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FTouch_1080x1600_7821c06a5c.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FTouch_1080x1600_7821c06a5c.jpg&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FShaun_Of_The_Dead_20_Bloody_Years_Poster_a671908c9c.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FShaun_Of_The_Dead_20_Bloody_Years_Poster_a671908c9c.jpg&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FTHE_BIKERIDERS_Pack_Digital_1_Sheet_1080x1600_W12_FIN_05_837e1158ff.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FTHE_BIKERIDERS_Pack_Digital_1_Sheet_1080x1600_W12_FIN_05_837e1158ff.jpg&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Flogo.0fdd358d.png&w=256&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Flogo.0fdd358d.png&w=384&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Flogo.0fdd358d.png&w=256&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Flogo.0fdd358d.png&w=384&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2Fnosferatu_placeholder_poster_e3d513621e.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2Fnosferatu_placeholder_poster_e3d513621e.jpg&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FDidi_Poster_V2_66c7cccc18.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FDidi_Poster_V2_66c7cccc18.jpg&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FDidi_Poster_V2_66c7cccc18.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FDidi_Poster_V2_66c7cccc18.jpg&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FTouch_1080x1600_7821c06a5c.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FTouch_1080x1600_7821c06a5c.jpg&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FShaun_Of_The_Dead_20_Bloody_Years_Poster_a671908c9c.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FShaun_Of_The_Dead_20_Bloody_Years_Poster_a671908c9c.jpg&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FTHE_BIKERIDERS_Pack_Digital_1_Sheet_1080x1600_W12_FIN_05_837e1158ff.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FTHE_BIKERIDERS_Pack_Digital_1_Sheet_1080x1600_W12_FIN_05_837e1158ff.jpg&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Flogo.0fdd358d.png&w=256&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Flogo.0fdd358d.png&w=384&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Flogo.0fdd358d.png&w=256&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Flogo.0fdd358d.png&w=384&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2Fnosferatu_placeholder_poster_e3d513621e.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2Fnosferatu_placeholder_poster_e3d513621e.jpg&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2F91d2ee8b2933857a97b52b00069a69a3_eff60ea779.jpeg&w=3840&q=75 1x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fring.5cd45319.png&w=640&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fring.5cd45319.png&w=1080&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FFor_Site_Retro_Hoodie_Navy_f8d6bbc8de.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FFor_Site_Retro_Hoodie_Navy_f8d6bbc8de.jpg&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FFor_Site_Classic_Logo_Tote_f4d0c2c4d4.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FFor_Site_Classic_Logo_Tote_f4d0c2c4d4.jpg&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2Ffocus_sweatshirt_8e626e8d4f.webp&w=1080&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2Ffocus_sweatshirt_8e626e8d4f.webp&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FFor_Site_Focus_Hat_35a9d3f32a.jpg&w=1080&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2FFor_Site_Focus_Hat_35a9d3f32a.jpg&w=3840&q=75 2x",
"https://ff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com/focus_Facebook_Icon_4527bc89a1.svg",
"https://ff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com/focus_Instagram_Icon_5a79e80a74.svg",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2Ftiktok_logo_f7e6410990.jpg&w=32&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2Ftiktok_logo_f7e6410990.jpg&w=48&q=75 2x",
"https://ff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com/focus_X_Icon_4fd00778dc.svg",
"https://ff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com/focus_Youtube_Icon_331931cf15.svg",
"https://www.focusfeatures.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2Flinkedin_logo_21a2cab56e.jpg&w=32&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fff-media-assets.raptor.nbcuniversal.com%2Flinkedin_logo_21a2cab56e.jpg&w=48&q=75 2x"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/icon.png?a7448bf6f9641f67
|
https://www.focusfeatures.com/
|
Embrace the journey of growing up with the collection that reminds you of where you came from. The Bikeriders collection.
|
||||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Theory_of_Everything_(2014_film)
|
en
|
The Theory of Everything (2014 film)
|
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/67/The_Theory_of_Everything_%282014%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bridge_over_the_River_Cam%2C_Cambridge%2C_2008-03-31.jpg/220px-Bridge_over_the_River_Cam%2C_Cambridge%2C_2008-03-31.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Eddie_Redmayne_%2815033887819%29_%282%29.jpg/133px-Eddie_Redmayne_%2815033887819%29_%282%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Felicity_Jones%2C_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/151px-Felicity_Jones%2C_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
] |
2013-06-16T19:30:33+00:00
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Theory_of_Everything_(2014_film)
|
2014 biographical film of the life of Stephen Hawking
The Theory of EverythingDirected byJames MarshScreenplay byAnthony McCartenBased onTravelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen
by Jane HawkingProduced byStarringCinematographyBenoît DelhommeEdited byJinx GodfreyMusic byJóhann Jóhannsson
Production
company
Distributed byFocus Features (United States)
Toho-Towa (Japan)[3]
Universal Pictures (International)
Release dates
Running time
123 minutes[1][4]Countries
United Kingdom[5]
Japan[5]
United States[5]
LanguageEnglishBudget$15 million[3]Box office$123.7 million[3]
The Theory of Everything is a 2014 biographical romantic drama film[6] directed by James Marsh. Set at the University of Cambridge, it details the life of the theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking. It was adapted by Anthony McCarten from the 2007 memoir Travelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen by Jane Hawking, which deals with her relationship with her ex-husband Stephen Hawking, his diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and his success in the field of physics.[7] The film stars Eddie Redmayne[1][2] and Felicity Jones,[1][2] with Charlie Cox, Emily Watson, Simon McBurney, Christian McKay, Harry Lloyd, and David Thewlis featured in supporting roles.[1] The film had its world premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival[2] on 7 November 2014. It had its UK premiere on 1 January 2015.[1]
The film received positive reviews, with praise for the musical score, cinematography, and the performances of Jones and especially Redmayne. It was also a box office success, grossing $123 million against a $15 million production budget. The film gained numerous awards and nominations, including five Academy Award nominations: Best Picture, Best Actress (Jones), Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Original Score (Jóhannsson) and won Best Actor for Redmayne. The film received 10 British Academy Film Awards (BAFTA) nominations, and won Outstanding British Film, Best Leading Actor for Redmayne, and Best Adapted Screenplay for McCarten. It received four Golden Globe Award nominations, winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama for Redmayne, and Best Original Score for Jóhannsson. It also received three Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations, and won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role for Redmayne.
Plot
[edit]
University of Cambridge astrophysics student Stephen Hawking begins a relationship with literature student Jane Wilde. Although Stephen is intelligent, his friends and professors are concerned about his lack of a thesis topic. After he and his professor Dennis Sciama attend a lecture on black holes, Stephen speculates that black holes may have been part of the creation of the universe, and decides to write his thesis on them. However, Stephen's muscles begin to fail, giving him decreasing coordination with his body. He learns he has motor neuron disease, which will eventually leave him unable to move, swallow, and even breathe. There are no treatments, and he has approximately two years to live. The doctor assures Stephen that his brain will not be affected, so his thoughts and intelligence will remain intact, but eventually, he will be unable to communicate them. As Stephen becomes reclusive, focusing on his work, Jane confesses she loves him. She tells his father she intends to stay with Stephen even as his condition worsens. They marry and have their first son, Robert.
Stephen presents his thesis to the examination board, arguing that a black hole created the universe in a Big Bang, that it will emit heat, and end in a Big Crunch. He begins using a wheelchair after his walking ability deteriorates. After the Hawkings have their daughter Lucy, Stephen develops a theory about the visibility of black holes and becomes a world-renowned physicist. Jane, focusing on the children as well as Stephen's health and increasing fame, is unable to work on her own thesis and becomes frustrated. Stephen tells her he will understand if she needs help. She joins a church choir, where she meets widower Jonathan and they become close friends. She employs him as a piano teacher for Robert, and Jonathan befriends the entire family, helping Stephen with his illness, supporting Jane, and playing with the children. When Jane gives birth to another son, Timothy, Stephen's mother asks Jane if the baby is Jonathan's, which she denies. Jonathan is appalled, but when he and Jane are alone, they admit their feelings for one another. He distances himself from the family, but Stephen tells him Jane needs him.
While attending an opera performance in Bordeaux, Stephen is taken ill and rushed to a hospital. The doctor informs Jane that he has pneumonia, and that he needs a tracheotomy to survive, but it will leave him mute. She agrees to the surgery. Stephen learns to use a spelling board, and uses it to communicate with Elaine, his new nurse. He receives a computer with a built-in voice synthesizer, and uses it to write a book, A Brief History of Time (1988), which becomes an international best-seller. Stephen tells Jane he has been invited to the United States to accept an award and will be taking Elaine with him. Jane faces the realization that the marriage has not been working, telling him she "did her best", and they agree to divorce. Stephen goes to the lecture with Elaine, the two have fallen in love, and Jane and Jonathan reunite. At the lecture, Stephen sees a student drop a pen; he imagines getting up to return it, almost crying at the reminder of how his disease has affected him. He goes on to give a speech telling audiences to pursue their ambitions despite the harsh reality of life: "While there's life, there is hope".
Stephen invites Jane to meet Queen Elizabeth II with him when being made a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour; they share a happy day together with their children. An extended closing series comprises select moments from the film; shown in reverse, back to the moment Stephen first saw Jane; the reversal is reminiscent of Stephen's research methodology of reversing time to understand the beginning of the universe.
Later, Jane and Jonathan marry, and she completes her Doctor of Philosophy. She and Stephen remain close friends. Stephen declines a knighthood from the Queen and continues his research, with no plans to retire in the near future.
Cast
[edit]
Production
[edit]
Development
[edit]
Screenwriter Anthony McCarten had been interested in Hawking since reading his seminal book A Brief History of Time in 1988. In 2004, McCarten read Jane Hawking's memoir Travelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen, and subsequently began writing a screenplay adaptation of the book, with no guarantees in place. He met numerous times with Jane at her home to discuss the project. After multiple drafts, he was introduced in 2009 to producer Lisa Bruce via their mutual ICM agent, Craig Bernstein.[11]
Bruce spent three years with McCarten, further convincing Jane Hawking to agree to a film adaptation of her book, with Bruce stating, "It was a lot of conversation, many glasses of sherry, and many pots of tea".[12] On 18 April 2013, James Marsh was confirmed to direct the film, with the shooting being based in Cambridge, and at other locations in the United Kingdom,[citation needed] with Eddie Redmayne courted to fill the male lead of the piece.[13] On 23 June 2013, it was revealed that Felicity Jones was confirmed to play the film's female lead role opposite Redmayne.[14][15] On 8 October 2013, it was confirmed that Emily Watson and David Thewlis had joined the cast[16] and that Working Title's Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Lisa Bruce, and Anthony McCarten would be producing the piece.[17]
Marsh had studied archival images to give the film its authenticity, stating, "When we had photographs and documentary footage of Stephen that related to our story, we tried to reproduce them as best we could".[18] Redmayne met with Hawking himself, commenting, "Even now, when he's unable to move, you can still see such effervescence in his eyes". He described portraying Hawking on-screen as a "hefty" challenge, adding that, "The real problem with making a film is of course you don't shoot chronologically. So it was about having to really try and chart his physical deterioration [so] you can jump into it day-to-day, whilst at the same time keeping this spark and wit and humour that he has".[18]
Redmayne spent six months researching Hawking's life, watching every piece of interview footage he could find of him.[19] He studied Hawking's accent and speech patterns under dialect coach Julia Wilson-Dickson to prepare for the role.[20] Marsh stated that what Redmayne had to do was not easy. "He had to take on enormous amounts of difficult preparation, as well as embracing the difficult physicality of the role. It's not just doing a disability. It's actually charting the course of an illness that erodes the body, and the mind has to project out from that erosion", he said. He added that Hawking gave him his blessing, and also revealed that, "[Hawking's] response was very positive, so much so that he offered to lend his voice, the real voice that he uses. The voice you hear in the latter part of the story is in fact Stephen's actual electronic voice as he uses it", he said.[10] It was revealed to the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) audience that as the lights came up at a recent screening, a nurse had wiped a tear from Hawking's cheek.[19]
Jane Hawking, speaking on BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour, talked of meeting Jones several times while the latter prepared for the role.[21] When Hawking saw the finished film, she was amazed to see that Jones had incorporated her mannerisms and speech patterns into her performance.[21]
Filming
[edit]
By 8 October 2013, principal photography had begun, with the shooting being done at the University of Cambridge, and at other locations in Cambridgeshire and across the United Kingdom.[22] Prior to the start of principal photography, Working Title had begun shooting on the lawn in front of the New Court building from 23 September 2013 to 27 September 2013; they filmed the Cambridge May Ball scene, set in 1963.[23] On 24 September 2013, scenes were filmed at St John's College, The Backs in Queen's Road, and Queen's Green.[24] The New Court lawn and Kitchen Bridge were included features in the filming location of the piece. The May Ball scene was the last of the outside shoots, with filming in a lecture theatre the following day, and the remaining filming completed in the studio over the final five weeks of production.[25]
The pyrotechnic specialists Titanium Fireworks, who developed the displays for the London 2012 Olympic Games, provided three identical firework displays for the Trinity College, Cambridge May Ball scene.[25][26]
Music
[edit]
Composer Jóhann Jóhannsson scored The Theory of Everything. His score in the film has been described as including "[Jóhannsson's] signature blend of acoustic instruments and electronics". Jóhannsson commented that "it always involves the layers of live recordings, whether it's orchestra or a band or solo instrument, with electronics and more 'soundscapey' elements which can come from various sources".[27] Jóhannsson's score was highly praised, being nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Score, a BAFTA Award for Best Film Music, a Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Score and a Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media, winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. The soundtrack was recorded at Abbey Road Studios.[28]
The music that plays over the final scene of Hawking and his family in the garden and the reverse-flashback is "The Arrival of the Birds", composed and played by The Cinematic Orchestra, originally from the soundtrack to the 2008 nature documentary The Crimson Wing: Mystery of the Flamingos.
Post-production
[edit]
During editing, filmmakers tried to remake Hawking's synthesised voice, but it did not turn out as they wanted. Hawking enjoyed the film enough that he granted them permission to use his own synthesised voice, which is heard in the final film.[29]
Historical accuracy
[edit]
The film takes various dramatic liberties with the history it portrays. Writing for the film blog of UK daily newspaper The Guardian, Michelle Dean noted:
The Theory of Everything's marketing materials will tell you it is based on Jane Hawking's memoir of her marriage, a book published in the UK as Music to Move the Stars, and then re-issued as Travelling to Infinity. But the screenwriters rearranged the facts to suit certain dramatic conventions. And while that always happens in these based-on-a-true-story films, the scale of the departure in The Theory of Everything is unusually wide. The film becomes almost dishonest–in a way that feels unfair to both parties, and oddly, particularly Jane Hawking herself.[30]
In Slate, L.V. Anderson wrote that "the Stephen played by Eddie Redmayne is far gentler and more sensitive" than suggested in Travelling to Infinity.[31] The Slate article further noted that the character Brian, Hawking's closest friend at Cambridge in the film, is not based on a real individual, but rather a composite of several of his real-life friends.[31]
The film alters some of the details surrounding the beginning of Stephen and Jane's relationship, including how they met, as well as the fact that Jane knew about Stephen's disease before they started dating.[30] Slate also comments that the film underplays Hawking's stubbornness and refusal to accept outside assistance for his disorder.[31]
For The Guardian, Dean concluded by saying:
The movie presents the demise of their relationship as a beautiful, tear-soaked, mutually respectful conversation. Of course that didn't actually happen either. Jane's book describes a protracted breakup that comes to a head in a screaming fight on vacation. She also described devastation when Hawking announced by letter he was leaving her for his second wife, Elaine Mason. He ended up married to Mason for 10 years before that fell apart, and then he and Jane mended fences. Which, as it happens, the movie fudges too. It tries to present the rapprochement as coming when Hawking was made a Companion of Honour in 1989, but that actually happened before the couple separated.[30]
Physicist Adrian Melott, a former student of Dennis Sciama, Hawking's doctoral supervisor portrayed in the film, strongly criticised the portrayal of Sciama in the film.[32]
In the film, when Stephen attends the opera in Bordeaux, his companion was actually Raymond LaFlamme, his PhD student.
In the film, it is explained that Stephen's voice is taken from an answering machine. It is actually the voice of Dr. Dennis H. Klatt.
Release
[edit]
On 8 October 2013, Universal Pictures International had acquired the rights to distribute the film internationally.[17]
On 10 April 2014, Focus Features acquired the distribution rights to The Theory of Everything in the United States, with the plan of a 2014 limited theatrical release.[33] publisher after, Entertainment One Films picked up the Canadian distribution rights.[34] The first trailer of the film was released on 7 August 2014.[35][36]
The Theory of Everything premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF)[2] on 7 September 2014,[37] where it opened in the official sidebar section, Special Presentations.[38][39]
The film had a limited release in the United States on 7 November 2014,[40] expanded in successive weeks to Taiwan, Austria, and Germany,[41] ahead of a United Kingdom release on 1 January 2015, before being released throughout Europe.[42]
Reception
[edit]
Box office
[edit]
The Theory of Everything earned $122,873,310 worldwide, with its biggest markets coming from North America ($35.9 million), and the United Kingdom ($31.9 million).[3] The film had a North American limited release on 7 November 2014; it was released in five theatres, and earned $207,000 on its opening weekend, for an average of $41,400 per theatre. The film was then widely released on 26 November across 802 theatres, earning US$5 million, and debuting at No. 7 at the box office. During its five-day Thanksgiving week, the film earned $6.4 million.[43]
Critical response
[edit]
Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports an approval rating of 80% based on 273 reviews, with an average rating of 7.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Part biopic, part love story, The Theory of Everything rises on James Marsh's polished direction and the strength of its two leads."[44] Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 71 out of 100, based on 47 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[45]
Catherine Shoard of The Guardian wrote, "Redmayne towers: this is an astonishing, genuinely visceral performance which bears comparison with Daniel Day-Lewis in My Left Foot".[46] Justin Chang of Variety remarked, "A stirring and bittersweet love story, inflected with tasteful good humor...." He continued by praising the "superb performances" from Redmayne and Jones, as well commenting very positively about Jóhannsson's score, "whose arpeggio-like repetitions and progressions at times evoke the compositions of Philip Glass", whilst praising John Paul Kelly's production design, and Steven Noble's costumes.[47] Leslie Felperin of The Hollywood Reporter remarked, "A solid, duly moving account of their complicated relationship, spanning roughly 25 years, and made with impeccable professional polish", praising Delhomme's cinematography as having "lush, intricately lit compositions", and adding "a splendor that keeps the film consistently watchable", and Jóhannsson's score as "dainty precision with a ineffable scientific quality about it".[48] The Daily Telegraph's Tim Robey granted the film a positive review, stating that, "In its potted appraisal of Hawking's cosmology, The Theory of Everything bends over backwards to speak to the layman, and relies on plenty of second-hand inspiration. But it borrows from the right sources, this theory. And that's something", while praising Redmayne's performance, McCarten's script, and Delhomme's cinematography.[49] Deadline Hollywood's Pete Hammond marked McCarten's script and Marsh's direction for praise, and of the film's Toronto reception, wrote: "To say the response here was rapturous would not be understating the enthusiasm I heard — not just from pundits, but also Academy voters with whom I spoke. One told me he came in with high expectations for a quality movie, and this one exceeded them".[50]
The film was not without its detractors. Some criticised Marsh's focus on Hawking's romantic life over his scientific achievements. Alonso Duralde of The Wrap stated that "Hawking's innovations and refusal to subscribe to outdated modes of thinking merely underscore the utter conventionality of his film biography".[51] Eric Kohn of Indiewire added that "James Marsh's biopic salutes the famous physicist's commitment, but falls short of exploring his brilliant ideas".[52] Dennis Overbye of the New York Times noted:
The movie doesn't deserve any prizes for its drive-by muddling of Dr. Hawking's scientific work, leaving viewers in the dark about exactly why he is so famous. Instead of showing how he undermined traditional notions of space and time, it panders to religious sensibilities about what his work does or does not say about the existence of God, which in fact is very little.[53]
Writing for The Guardian's film blog, Michelle Dean argues that the film does a disservice to Jane Wilde Hawking, by "rearrang[ing] the facts to suit certain dramatic conventions... The Theory of Everything is hell-bent on preserving the cliche".[54]
The film's producers, writer, director Marsh, and actors Redmayne and Jones were widely favoured for award season success.[38][50][55][56]
Accolades
[edit]
The Theory of Everything received several awards and nominations following its release. At the 87th Academy Awards, it was nominated in the categories of Best Picture, Best Actor for Eddie Redmayne, Best Actress for Jones, Best Adapted Screenplay for McCarten, and Best Original Score for Jóhann Jóhannsson; with Eddie Redmayne winning the film's sole Academy Award for his performance. The film was nominated for ten British Academy Film Awards,[57] (winning for Best Adapted Screenplay, Best British Film, and Best Actor), five Critics' Choice Movie Awards,[58] and three Screen Actors Guild Awards.[59] At the 72nd Golden Globe Awards, Redmayne won Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama, and Jóhannsson won Best Original Score. The film, and Jones were also nominated. Production designer John Paul Kelly earned a nomination for Excellence in Production Design for a Period Film from the Art Directors Guild,[60] while the producers were nominated for Best Theatrical Motion Picture by the Producers Guild of America.[61]
See also
[edit]
List of films about mathematicians
References
[edit]
|
||||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 20
|
https://www.radiotimes.com/movies/the-purge-movies-order/
|
en
|
How to watch all The Purge movies in order – Full chronological timeline and release order
|
[
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2021/07/cropped-cropped-cropped-radiotimescom-logo2-2c180e8-63292d2-8ec420d-7a7587d.png?quality=90&resize=120,23",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2021/07/cropped-cropped-cropped-radiotimescom-logo2-2c180e8-63292d2-8ec420d-7a7587d.png?quality=90&resize=265,50",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2020/10/purge-anarchy-0fedab4.jpg?quality=90&resize=980,654",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2019/01/The-Purge_-Anarchy-30a60d5.jpg?quality=90&crop=187px,0px,3243px,2160px&fit=700,466",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2021/07/The-Purge-4ada1a2.jpg?quality=90&crop=221px,0px,1202px,801px&fit=700,466",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2021/07/radio-times-how-to-watch-the-purge-movies-the-purge-anarchy-5d72fa8.jpg?quality=90&fit=700,466",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2021/07/radio-times-how-to-watch-the-purge-movies-the-purge-election-year-1b16508.jpg?quality=90&fit=700,466",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2021/07/radio-times-how-to-watch-the-purge-movies-the-first-purge-0a085f9.jpg?quality=90&fit=700,466",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2021/07/radio-times-how-to-watch-the-purge-movies-the-purge-tv-series-948a0b3.jpg?quality=90&fit=700,466",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2021/07/TheForeverPurge-eb17167.jpg?quality=90&fit=700,466",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2024/08/Untitled-design-36-f153341.png?quality=90&resize=93,84",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2024/08/RT-Shop-Products-301-x-198-px-1-e03ec24.png?quality=90&resize=93,84",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2024/08/old-couple-on-bikes-91a28b4.jpg?quality=90&resize=93,84",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2023/07/cropped-RadioTimes01-01-1-b003bef-d698844.png?quality=90&resize=220,30",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2024/03/ImmediateLogoRGBWhite-30678ec.png?quality=90&resize=3873,767",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2019/12/ipso-sq-7800070.png?quality=90&resize=80,80"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Daniel Furn"
] |
2023-09-18T12:12:45+01:00
|
How to watch The Purge films in chronological order and release timeline including The Forever Purge.
|
en
|
Radio Times
|
https://www.radiotimes.com/movies/the-purge-movies-order/
|
Successful horror movies never stop at one film - Nun II, part of The Conjuring series, will be the ninth in the franchise, after all - but luckily, The Purge series has an interesting premise that deserves exploring: what if all crime, including murder, was legal for one night?
The movies have used the concept to explore the Purge's impact on different classes and races, as well as linking to politics - but not in order, it would seem, with The First Purge rewinding to explore the origins of such a dystopian event.
To muddle things even further, The Purge series also had a TV spin-off, meaning keeping track is much like trying to watch all the Marvel movies in order with the many Disney Plus shows.
More like this
However, with The Forever Purge having come and gone, we have restored structure to the franchise's timeline - here's how to watch all The Purge movies in order.
How to watch The Purge movies: chronological timeline order
While The Purge films are mostly anthologies with a rotating cast of main characters, they do mostly follow on from each other chronologically.
There are, of course, two notable standouts: The Purge TV show and, you guessed it, The First Purge.
Although it was the fourth movie to be released in cinemas, as the name would suggest The First Purge is actually the very first instalment of the series. The prequel rewinds back to 21st March 2017, when The Purge was simply a sociological experiment limited to Staten Island.
While the remaining films then chronologically take place in release order, the TV show slots in after the first two films and before The Purge: Election Year.
The first film's protagonist James Sandin, played by Ethan Hawke, even makes an appearance to link the universe together.
Here are the Purge movies in chronological order:
The First Purge (2018)
The Purge (2013)
The Purge: Anarchy (2014)
The Purge television series (2018-2019)
The Purge: Election Year (2016)
The Forever Purge (2021)
The Purge Timeline
For those really into their Purge lore, the fact that most of the films take place over the same night every year means we can pinpoint the exact dates of many of the films.
Spanning 30 years, here's the surprisingly coherent timeline of The Purge universe, which all kicks off after The New Founding Fathers of America take office in 2014.
The First Purge (21st March 2017)
The Purge (21st March 2022)
The Purge: Anarchy (21st March 2023)
The Purge television series (2027-2031)
The Purge: Election Year (21st March 2040)
The Forever Purge (2048)
How to watch The Purge movies in release order
Despite a few prequels, The Purge films can still be enjoyed in release order, which is definitely the easiest way to watch them for new viewers.
After all, the films mostly follow chronological order - besides the clear exception of The First Purge, as well as the TV series, which is an optional extra to your Purge movie marathon.
Here's how you watch The Purge movies in order of release:
The Purge (2013)
The Purge: Anarachy (2014)
The Purge: Election Year (2016)
The First Purge (2018)
The Purge television series (2018-2019)
The Forever Purge (2021)
The Purge (2013)
The first Purge film - but not a depiction of the very first Purge - is set in 2022, when The Purge is accepted and an annual part of life. Ethan Hawke and Lena Headey star as James and Mary Sandin, a wealthy couple who become the target of a group of Purgers after saving a stranger from their clutches.
Where to watch: NowTV
The Purge: Anarchy (2014)
One year after the events of the first film, The Purge: Anarchy follows Frank Grillo's Sergeant who uses the night as an excuse to exact revenge on those responsible for his murdered son, while a rebellion group also starts forming.
Where to watch: NowTV
The Purge: Election Year (2016)
The only instalment to bring back a previous character, Sergeant returns to protect Presidential nominee Charlene "Charlie" Roan (Elizabeth Mitchell) as she campaigns for the 2040 election on an anti-Purge platform.
Where to watch: NowTV
The First Purge (2018)
The fourth film rewinds back to 2017 to explore the political machinations behind The Purge, when The New Founding Fathers of America implement a test Purge limited to Staten Island.
Where to watch: Amazon
The Purge TV series (2018-19)
Four films would be enough for most franchises, but The Purge slashed its way to the small screen in 2018 to explore its concept over a longer period of time. The show tackled new approaches - for example, season two followed the interim period between two Purges - and even featured a flashback starring Ethan Hawke to link the show to the films.
Where to watch: Amazon
The Forever Purge (2021)
Taking place eight years after The Purge: Election Year, the film sees the New Founding Fathers of America reinstate the annual Purge after an eight-year absence - until an anti-immigration hate group continues purging long after daybreak.
Where to watch: Netflix
Where to watch The Purge movies
Sorry for those feeling the urge to Purge online - The Purge films are sadly not all available on a single streaming service. The first three films - The Purge, The Purge: Anarchy and The Purge: Election Year - are available on NowTV (£6.99-£9.99 a month). Both seasons of The Purge television show are available on Amazon Prime (£8.99 a month) for no extra cost.
The First Purge can be bought on Blu-ray for £2.99 from Amazon and finally, The Forever Purge can be streamed on Netflix (£4.99, £10.99, £15.99).
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 75
|
https://www.amazon.com/Stephen-Hawking-Unfettered-Mind-MacSci/dp/0230340601
|
en
|
Amazon.com
|
[
"https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/captcha/qamfifum/Captcha_tdmuofqoro.jpg",
"https://fls-na.amazon.com/1/oc-csi/1/OP/requestId=596D299MX39TYGSKC6SK&js=0"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
| null |
Enter the characters you see below
Sorry, we just need to make sure you're not a robot. For best results, please make sure your browser is accepting cookies.
|
|||||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 36
|
https://www.radiotimes.com/movies/fast-and-furious-order/
|
en
|
How to watch all the Fast and Furious movies in order - Full chronological timeline and release order
|
[
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2021/07/cropped-cropped-cropped-radiotimescom-logo2-2c180e8-63292d2-8ec420d-7a7587d.png?quality=90&resize=120,23",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2021/07/cropped-cropped-cropped-radiotimescom-logo2-2c180e8-63292d2-8ec420d-7a7587d.png?quality=90&resize=265,50",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2023/05/FASTXColosseumRedCarpetGiuliaParmigiani171-1043a93.jpg?quality=90&fit=700,466",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2020/05/Diesel-and-Walker-887342b.jpg?quality=90&crop=8px,130px,2160px,1439px&fit=700,466",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2019/08/fast-furious-dee9ba2-e1712763195593.jpeg?quality=90&fit=700,466",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2021/06/fast-furious-cena-6343146.jpeg?quality=90&crop=1004px,0px,2699px,1798px&fit=700,466",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2021/06/fast-9-post-credits-8283fe4.jpg?quality=90&fit=700,466",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2024/08/Untitled-design-36-f153341.png?quality=90&resize=93,84",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2024/08/RT-Shop-Products-301-x-198-px-1-e03ec24.png?quality=90&resize=93,84",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2024/08/couple-outside-home-tea-290-GettyImages-98109140-1-8c7faaa.jpg?quality=90&resize=93,84",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2023/07/cropped-RadioTimes01-01-1-b003bef-d698844.png?quality=90&resize=220,30",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2024/03/ImmediateLogoRGBWhite-30678ec.png?quality=90&resize=3873,767",
"https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/3/2019/12/ipso-sq-7800070.png?quality=90&resize=80,80"
] |
[
"https://media.delight.video/f0cf5e3e9068d9a4affa36d5c8962eaf1a0662ba/ae8c644bbf5c2b29282ec72e0af9187129c7ab68/MEDIA/v0/HD/media.mp4"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Molly Moss"
] |
2024-04-10T16:20:38+01:00
|
There's more than one way to watch the Fast and Furious movies in order, the chronological timeline and the order of release.
|
en
|
Radio Times
|
https://www.radiotimes.com/movies/fast-and-furious-order/
|
If you’re new to the franchise and looking to entrench yourself in the family, it’s a good idea to make sure you’re watching the films in the best order.
While you might be tempted to watch the movies in the order they were released, there’s some timeline trickery, with later films taking place prior to earlier films.
So, ahead of Fast X: Part 2 – the final instalment in the series, which is expected to land in 2025 – read on for everything you need to know about how watch the franchise in order.
How to watch the Fast and Furious movies: chronological timeline order
Although most of the Fast films follow on from each other, there is one standout exception: you guessed it, The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift.
Although it was the third Fast film to be released in cinemas, Tokyo Drift is actually set between Fast & Furious 6 and Furious 7. Swerving away from the story of Brian and Dom, the film follows a completely new set of characters led by Sean Boswell (Lucas Black), a student forced to move to Japan to avoid jail time.
Here are the movies in chronological order:
The Fast and the Furious (2001)
2 Fast 2 Furious (2003)
Fast & Furious (2009)
Fast Five (2011)
Fast & Furious 6 (2013)
The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006)
Furious 7 (2015)
The Fate of the Furious (2017)
Fast & Furious Presents: Hobbs & Shaw (2019)
F9 (2021)
Fast X (2023)
Tokyo Drift also marks the first appearance of Han Lue, a fan favourite who (SPOILER ALERT) appeared to be killed in a chase near the end of the film.
Fortunately, Universal decided Han was so popular he would be resurrected with a clever workaround: all subsequent Fast films would be set before Toyko Drift.
This meant Han was able to return alive and well in Fast & Furious, the next film in the franchise.
Fast and Furious timeline
Just to make things even more complicated, the Fast and Furious franchise also features several high-speed prequels, sequels and midquels. Most of these shorts were created for DVD releases of the original movies, shining light on unknown areas of the high-speed saga’s timeline.
First released on the DVD of 2 Fast 2 Furious (the next film on this list), the short film Turbo-Charged Prelude shows exactly how Brian (Paul Walker) went from being an LAPD cop to criminal. The reason is the one you’d expect: after assisting Dom Toretto (Vin Diesel) evade law enforcement, Brian himself becomes a wanted man.
Los Bandoleros, the next short film, focuses on Dom and was served up to fans via a DVD bonus feature. No, it doesn’t explain how Brian became a fully-fledged FBI agent by the next film but does introduce audiences to Han (Sung Kang), Rico (Don Omar) and Tego (Tego Calderon). Including all of these mini-movies, the Fast and Furious timeline looks like this:
The Fast and the Furious
Turbo-Charged Prelude
2 Fast 2 Furious
Los Bandoleros
Fast & Furious
Fast Five
Fast & Furious 6
The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift
Furious 7
The Fate of the Furious
Fast & Furious Presents: Hobbs & Shaw
F9
Fast X
How to watch the Fast and Furious movies: release order
If you’re new to the Fast and Furious, sticking to the simplest route may be the best. After all, most of the movies follow a chronological order, with only really the third instalment in the franchise, The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006), causing some confusing pile-ups in the timeline as discussed.
Here's how you watch Fast & Furious movies in order of release:
The Fast and the Furious (2001)
2 Fast 2 Furious (2003)
The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006)
Fast & Furious (2009)
Fast Five (2011)
Fast & Furious 6 (2013)
Furious 7 (2015)
The Fate of the Furious (2017)
Fast & Furious Presents: Hobbs & Shaw (2019)
F9 (2021)
Fast X (2023)
For all of the details on the released films and how to watch them, see below.
1. The Fast and the Furious (2001)
Starring: Paul Walker, Vin Diesel, Michelle Rodriguez, Jordana Brewster, Rick Yune, Chad Lindberg, Johnny Strong, Ted Levine.
The first episode in the saga, The Fast and the Furious (2001), follows undercover cop Brian O'Conner (Paul Walker), who integrates himself into a heist crew run by Dominic Toretto (Vin Diesel).
Where to watch: Amazon
2. 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003)
Starring: Paul Walker, Tyrese Gibson, Eva Mendes, Cole Hauser, Chris "Ludacris" Bridges, James Remar.
2 Fast 2 Furious doesn't feature Vin Diesel, but it does star Walker and follows on from the events of The Fast and the Furious. This one introduces Ludacris as Tej and Tyrese Gibson as Roman, who went on to become two main characters.
Where to watch: Amazon
3. The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006)
Starring: Lucas Black, Bow Wow, Nathalie Kelley, Sung Kang, Brian Tee.
This is where things take a turn. This one was seen as a 'reboot' of sorts for the whole franchise. There was no Paul Walker or Diesel (outside of a minor cameo)... or Ludacris, or Michelle Rodriguez, or Gibson. Basically no core characters here. The movie was set in Japan and featured Han (Sung Kang). Luckily, fans took to Han, but the movie did confuse the timeline somewhat.
Where to watch: Amazon
4. Fast & Furious (2009)
Starring: Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Michelle Rodriguez, Jordana Brewster, John Ortiz, Gal Gadot, Laz Alonso.
Not to be confused with the first film in the franchise (these titles are confusing!) this one comes fourth. Set after 2 Fast 2 Furious, we ignore The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift for now.
Where to watch: Amazon
5. Fast Five (2011)
Starring: Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Jordana Brewster, Tyrese Gibson, Chris “Ludacris” Bridges, Sung Kang, Tego Calderon, Don Omar, Gal Gadot, with Dwayne Johnson, and Matt Schulze.
The Rock first appears in Fast Five as Luke Hobbs, and we finally see Ludacris and Tyrese return to the franchise. Sung Kang also appears as Han – and Gal Gadot pops up too. The movies start ramping up and steering into the ridiculousness here.
Where to watch: Amazon
6. Fast & Furious 6 (2013)
Starring: Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Dwayne Johnson, Michelle Rodriguez, Jordana Brewster, Tyrese Gibson, Chris "Ludacris" Bridges, Sung Kang, Gal Gadot, Luke Evans, Gina Carano, John Ortiz.
We have a new villain introduced, or a whole villain family with Luke Evans starring as Owen Shaw. We also have a post-credits scene to introduce Jason Statham's character Deckard Shaw, who appears to kill Han in a scene first glimpsed in Tokyo Drift. Now we've caught up – phew.
Where to watch: Amazon
7. Furious 7 (2015)
Starring: Vin Diesel, Paul Walker, Dwayne Johnson, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris “Ludacris” Bridges, Jordana Brewster, Djimon Hounsou, with Kurt Russell, and Jason Statham.
The team reunite for this one that sees us say goodbye to Paul Walker. Statham is back after that credits scene for his first proper starring role in the FF franchise which saw him clash with Diesel and The Rock.
Where to watch: Amazon
8. The Fate of the Furious (2017)
Starring: Vin Diesel, Dwayne Johnson, Jason Statham, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris "Ludacris" Bridges, Scott Eastwood, Nathalie Emmanuel, Elsa Pataky, with Kurt Russell, and Charlize Theron.
We carry on the franchise with this eighth movie. We say hello to Charlize Theron here as villain Cipher. This marks the first instalment without Paul Walker's Brian and also introduces us to a new member of Dom's clan.
Where to watch: Amazon
9. Fast and Furious Presents: Hobbs and Shaw (2019)
Starring: Dwayne Johnson, Jason Statham, Idris Elba, Vanessa Kirby, Cliff Curtis, and Helen Mirren.
A little detour here, as it's not really part of the core franchise, but a spin-off. The Rock and Statham return to team up against Idris Elba's super-soldier. Shaw transitions from villain to hero. Vanessa Kirby also stars as Statham's sister Hattie, while Helen Mirren reprises her role as their mother following a cameo in the eighth Fast and Furious film.
Where to watch: Amazon
10. F9 (2021)
Starring: Vin Diesel, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris "Ludacris" Bridges, John Cena, Nathalie Emmanuel, Jordana Brewster, Sung Kang, with Helen Mirren, with Kurt Russell, and Charlize Theron.
In the most recent instalment of The Fast Saga, Dominic and Letty find their retirement interrupted as a dangerous new threat emerges: Dom's younger brother, Jakob Toretto, played by John Cena.
Dwayne Johnson is absent from this film, but we do get the return of Charlize Theron as Cipher and Helen Mirren as Queenie Shaw.
Where to watch: Amazon
11. Fast X
Starring: Vin Diesel, Michelle Rodriguez, Tyrese Gibson, Chris "Ludacris" Bridges, Jordana Brewster, Nathalie Emmanuel, Sung Kang, Jason Statham, Scott Eastwood, Michael Rooker, Charlize Theron, Cardi B, Jason Momoa, Daniela Melchior, Brie Larson, Alan Ritchson, and Rita Moreno.
The tenth and penultimate film in the main Fast and Furious series released in 2023.
The film saw Jason Statham return to the main franchise as Deckard Shaw, whilst also introducing new stars to the series in the form of Jason Momoa as a villain and Oscar winners Brie Larson and Rita Moreno.
Charlize Theron also returned as the recurring antagonist and hacker Cipher.
Where to watch: Amazon
Where to watch the Fast and Furious movies
According to JustWatch, most of the Fast and Furious franchise can be viewed on streaming service NOW with a cinema pass (£11.99 a month).
None of the franchise is available on Netflix.
As for Amazon Prime Video, all of these are available to find on the platform, with prices starting from £3.49.
The director's cut of Fast and Furious 9 is also available on the service.
The Fast and Furious films are available to buy/rent on Amazon Prime Video.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 61
|
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-dec-19-oe-stein19-story.html
|
en
|
Who runs Hollywood? C’mon
|
https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/64e287b/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2400x1260+0+0/resize/1200x630!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fdf%2F45%2F57d858144a2a88575fa2b03080bb%2Flatlogo-ss.jpg
|
https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/64e287b/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2400x1260+0+0/resize/1200x630!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fdf%2F45%2F57d858144a2a88575fa2b03080bb%2Flatlogo-ss.jpg
|
[
"https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/1a9557a/2147483647/strip/true/crop/667x446+0+277/resize/320x214!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fed%2Fcf%2F172c42c84d6dbef3ccdf252f8935%2Fimg-1157-1.jpg 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/09c4925/2147483647/strip/true/crop/667x446+0+277/resize/568x380!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fed%2Fcf%2F172c42c84d6dbef3ccdf252f8935%2Fimg-1157-1.jpg 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/bd0b020/2147483647/strip/true/crop/667x446+0+277/resize/768x514!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fed%2Fcf%2F172c42c84d6dbef3ccdf252f8935%2Fimg-1157-1.jpg 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/6744efc/2147483647/strip/true/crop/667x446+0+277/resize/1024x685!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fed%2Fcf%2F172c42c84d6dbef3ccdf252f8935%2Fimg-1157-1.jpg 1024w",
"https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/e09b3c4/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2099x1404+0+18/resize/320x214!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F0c%2Fc5%2Fed5b5a714316ada0650bf5af4699%2F172138-1873.jpg 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/843010e/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2099x1404+0+18/resize/568x380!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F0c%2Fc5%2Fed5b5a714316ada0650bf5af4699%2F172138-1873.jpg 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/e6481de/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2099x1404+0+18/resize/768x514!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F0c%2Fc5%2Fed5b5a714316ada0650bf5af4699%2F172138-1873.jpg 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/e5593b8/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2099x1404+0+18/resize/1024x685!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F0c%2Fc5%2Fed5b5a714316ada0650bf5af4699%2F172138-1873.jpg 1024w",
"https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/ed94c3d/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4993x3339+0+0/resize/320x214!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fff%2Ffd%2F87087d9d43dca4518f3f16a67e17%2F49th-afi-life-achievement-award-show-63761.jpg 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/dcf1ba4/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4993x3339+0+0/resize/568x380!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fff%2Ffd%2F87087d9d43dca4518f3f16a67e17%2F49th-afi-life-achievement-award-show-63761.jpg 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/85986de/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4993x3339+0+0/resize/768x514!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fff%2Ffd%2F87087d9d43dca4518f3f16a67e17%2F49th-afi-life-achievement-award-show-63761.jpg 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/3d2ee28/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4993x3339+0+0/resize/1024x685!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fff%2Ffd%2F87087d9d43dca4518f3f16a67e17%2F49th-afi-life-achievement-award-show-63761.jpg 1024w",
"https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/87a8c02/2147483647/strip/true/crop/6537x4358+0+2721/resize/110x73!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fcb%2F54%2F7f8adef74afcafa5546892fe4c91%2F1468116-env-nava-mau-006.jpg 110w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/77d4c2a/2147483647/strip/true/crop/6537x4358+0+2721/resize/180x120!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fcb%2F54%2F7f8adef74afcafa5546892fe4c91%2F1468116-env-nava-mau-006.jpg 180w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/470f927/2147483647/strip/true/crop/6537x4358+0+2721/resize/320x213!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fcb%2F54%2F7f8adef74afcafa5546892fe4c91%2F1468116-env-nava-mau-006.jpg 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/27c3a47/2147483647/strip/true/crop/6537x4358+0+2721/resize/568x379!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fcb%2F54%2F7f8adef74afcafa5546892fe4c91%2F1468116-env-nava-mau-006.jpg 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/ebaa658/2147483647/strip/true/crop/6537x4358+0+2721/resize/768x512!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fcb%2F54%2F7f8adef74afcafa5546892fe4c91%2F1468116-env-nava-mau-006.jpg 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/d644f98/2147483647/strip/true/crop/6537x4358+0+2721/resize/840x560!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fcb%2F54%2F7f8adef74afcafa5546892fe4c91%2F1468116-env-nava-mau-006.jpg 840w",
"https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/d2f9254/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4145x2763+0+0/resize/110x73!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F15%2Fba%2Ffbee1bf3421eb84f2461bc6165fb%2F1468090-env-carol-burnett-007.jpg 110w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/372cfe9/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4145x2763+0+0/resize/180x120!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F15%2Fba%2Ffbee1bf3421eb84f2461bc6165fb%2F1468090-env-carol-burnett-007.jpg 180w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/6a470df/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4145x2763+0+0/resize/320x213!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F15%2Fba%2Ffbee1bf3421eb84f2461bc6165fb%2F1468090-env-carol-burnett-007.jpg 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/d12ff05/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4145x2763+0+0/resize/568x379!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F15%2Fba%2Ffbee1bf3421eb84f2461bc6165fb%2F1468090-env-carol-burnett-007.jpg 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/c6cd7f5/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4145x2763+0+0/resize/768x512!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F15%2Fba%2Ffbee1bf3421eb84f2461bc6165fb%2F1468090-env-carol-burnett-007.jpg 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/09a6f26/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4145x2763+0+0/resize/840x560!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F15%2Fba%2Ffbee1bf3421eb84f2461bc6165fb%2F1468090-env-carol-burnett-007.jpg 840w",
"https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/6846d4b/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1888x1259+328+0/resize/110x73!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Ff4%2F7d%2F451278a14a98ad5438b4e9ae9838%2Faptopix-paris-olympics-opening-ceremony-79372.jpg 110w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/4643027/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1888x1259+328+0/resize/180x120!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Ff4%2F7d%2F451278a14a98ad5438b4e9ae9838%2Faptopix-paris-olympics-opening-ceremony-79372.jpg 180w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/948b2a5/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1888x1259+328+0/resize/320x213!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Ff4%2F7d%2F451278a14a98ad5438b4e9ae9838%2Faptopix-paris-olympics-opening-ceremony-79372.jpg 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/fff8349/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1888x1259+328+0/resize/568x379!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Ff4%2F7d%2F451278a14a98ad5438b4e9ae9838%2Faptopix-paris-olympics-opening-ceremony-79372.jpg 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/21c4cdd/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1888x1259+328+0/resize/768x512!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Ff4%2F7d%2F451278a14a98ad5438b4e9ae9838%2Faptopix-paris-olympics-opening-ceremony-79372.jpg 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/aba001b/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1888x1259+328+0/resize/840x560!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Ff4%2F7d%2F451278a14a98ad5438b4e9ae9838%2Faptopix-paris-olympics-opening-ceremony-79372.jpg 840w",
"https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/521f2a8/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2000x1333+0+333/resize/110x73!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F3e%2Fd1%2F2515847f42dbb174088ecef17405%2Flj-7774-01-01-hi-res.jpg 110w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/b8988b0/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2000x1333+0+333/resize/180x120!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F3e%2Fd1%2F2515847f42dbb174088ecef17405%2Flj-7774-01-01-hi-res.jpg 180w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/258d77c/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2000x1333+0+333/resize/320x213!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F3e%2Fd1%2F2515847f42dbb174088ecef17405%2Flj-7774-01-01-hi-res.jpg 320w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/404249c/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2000x1333+0+333/resize/568x379!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F3e%2Fd1%2F2515847f42dbb174088ecef17405%2Flj-7774-01-01-hi-res.jpg 568w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/73b248f/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2000x1333+0+333/resize/768x512!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F3e%2Fd1%2F2515847f42dbb174088ecef17405%2Flj-7774-01-01-hi-res.jpg 768w,https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/01daa82/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2000x1333+0+333/resize/840x560!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F3e%2Fd1%2F2515847f42dbb174088ecef17405%2Flj-7774-01-01-hi-res.jpg 840w",
"https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/a6/d6/eea0f1094fb281dbea09e0aa79cd/art-caltimes-trademark-3x.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"JOEL STEIN"
] |
2008-12-19T00:00:00
|
I have never been so upset by a poll in my life.
|
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
|
Los Angeles Times
|
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-dec-19-oe-stein19-story.html
|
I have never been so upset by a poll in my life. Only 22% of Americans now believe “the movie and television industries are pretty much run by Jews,” down from nearly 50% in 1964. The Anti-Defamation League, which released the poll results last month, sees in these numbers a victory against stereotyping. Actually, it just shows how dumb America has gotten. Jews totally run Hollywood.
How deeply Jewish is Hollywood? When the studio chiefs took out a full-page ad in the Los Angeles Times a few weeks ago to demand that the Screen Actors Guild settle its contract, the open letter was signed by: News Corp. President Peter Chernin (Jewish), Paramount Pictures Chairman Brad Grey (Jewish), Walt Disney Co. Chief Executive Robert Iger (Jewish), Sony Pictures Chairman Michael Lynton (surprise, Dutch Jew), Warner Bros. Chairman Barry Meyer (Jewish), CBS Corp. Chief Executive Leslie Moonves (so Jewish his great uncle was the first prime minister of Israel), MGM Chairman Harry Sloan (Jewish) and NBC Universal Chief Executive Jeff Zucker (mega-Jewish). If either of the Weinstein brothers had signed, this group would have not only the power to shut down all film production but to form a minyan with enough Fiji water on hand to fill a mikvah.
The person they were yelling at in that ad was SAG President Alan Rosenberg (take a guess). The scathing rebuttal to the ad was written by entertainment super-agent Ari Emanuel (Jew with Israeli parents) on the Huffington Post, which is owned by Arianna Huffington (not Jewish and has never worked in Hollywood.)
The Jews are so dominant, I had to scour the trades to come up with six Gentiles in high positions at entertainment companies. When I called them to talk about their incredible advancement, five of them refused to talk to me, apparently out of fear of insulting Jews. The sixth, AMC President Charlie Collier, turned out to be Jewish.
As a proud Jew, I want America to know about our accomplishment. Yes, we control Hollywood. Without us, you’d be flipping between “The 700 Club” and “Davey and Goliath” on TV all day.
So I’ve taken it upon myself to re-convince America that Jews run Hollywood by launching a public relations campaign, because that’s what we do best. I’m weighing several slogans, including: “Hollywood: More Jewish than ever!”; “Hollywood: From the people who brought you the Bible”; and “Hollywood: If you enjoy TV and movies, then you probably like Jews after all.”
I called ADL Chairman Abe Foxman, who was in Santiago, Chile, where, he told me to my dismay, he was not hunting Nazis. He dismissed my whole proposition, saying that the number of people who think Jews run Hollywood is still too high. The ADL poll, he pointed out, showed that 59% of Americans think Hollywood execs “do not share the religious and moral values of most Americans,” and 43% think the entertainment industry is waging an organized campaign to “weaken the influence of religious values in this country.”
That’s a sinister canard, Foxman said. “It means they think Jews meet at Canter’s Deli on Friday mornings to decide what’s best for the Jews.” Foxman’s argument made me rethink: I have to eat at Canter’s more often.
“That’s a very dangerous phrase, ‘Jews control Hollywood.’ What is true is that there are a lot of Jews in Hollywood,” he said. Instead of “control,” Foxman would prefer people say that many executives in the industry “happen to be Jewish,” as in “all eight major film studios are run by men who happen to be Jewish.”
But Foxman said he is proud of the accomplishments of American Jews. “I think Jews are disproportionately represented in the creative industry. They’re disproportionate as lawyers and probably medicine here as well,” he said. He argues that this does not mean that Jews make pro-Jewish movies any more than they do pro-Jewish surgery. Though other countries, I’ve noticed, aren’t so big on circumcision.
I appreciate Foxman’s concerns. And maybe my life spent in a New Jersey-New York/Bay Area-L.A. pro-Semitic cocoon has left me naive. But I don’t care if Americans think we’re running the news media, Hollywood, Wall Street or the government. I just care that we get to keep running them.
--
|
||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 34
|
https://variety.com/2015/film/news/first-look-eddie-redmayne-in-sex-change-drama-the-danish-girl-1201443921/
|
en
|
First Look: Eddie Redmayne in Sex-Change Drama ‘The Danish Girl’
|
[
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=6035310&c4=&cv=3.9&cj=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/eddie-redmayne-the-danish-girl.jpg?w=1000&h=562&crop=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/freaky-friday-2.png?w=250&h=167&crop=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/featured_future_fast_SR_v7.jpg?w=250&h=167&crop=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Screen-Shot-2024-03-10-at-4.54.09-PM.png?w=250&h=167&crop=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/jamie-marvel-1.png?w=250&h=167&crop=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/featured_taketwo_q2_earnings.jpg?w=250&h=167&crop=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/BUC_0554-1.jpg?w=250&h=167&crop=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/tarantino-toy-story.png?w=250&h=167&crop=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Cheryl-Hines-Bradley-Whitford.jpg?w=250&h=167&crop=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Travis-Kelce-Jason-Kelce-New-Heights.jpg?w=250&h=167&crop=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-1404941373-1.jpg?w=250&h=167&crop=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-1246139783.jpg?w=250&h=167&crop=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Stacy-London-Clinton-Kelly.jpg?w=250&h=167&crop=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Inside-Out-2-new.jpg?w=250&h=167&crop=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/oasis.jpg?w=250&h=167&crop=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screen-Shot-2024-08-09-at-2.57.00-PM.png?w=250&h=167&crop=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/gambit-2.png?w=250&h=167&crop=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Todd-Phillips-Variety-Cover-Story-3.jpg?crop=0px%2C38px%2C1200px%2C831px&resize=681%2C454",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screen-Shot-2024-08-23-at-9.09.18-AM-1.png?w=250&h=167&crop=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/albumcovertreatment-9-3.jpg?w=250&h=167&crop=1",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Tim-Burton.jpg?crop=0px%2C56px%2C1200px%2C832px&resize=250%2C167",
"https://variety.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/affleck-lopez-2022.jpg?w=250&h=167&crop=1",
"https://www.rollingstone.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/kelce-brothers-podcast-deal-1.jpg?resize=232,175",
"https://robbreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Fonteyn_HouseLD.jpg?resize=232,175",
"https://www.sportico.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-2160341375-e1724696551678.jpg?resize=232,175",
"https://spy.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/SPY-ProductRoundup-ExfoliatorsandLoofahs-3132024.png?resize=232,175",
"https://tvline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/er-noah-wyle-the-pitt.jpg?resize=232,175",
"https://read.variety.com/get_image.aspx?eid=8785be11-c3b3-4e0a-8fd0-c8bdaa3819f6&w=320&pnum=3",
"https://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel?a.1=&a.2=p-31f3D02tYU8zY",
"https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=1429113&fmt=gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Maane Khatchatourian"
] |
2015-02-28T19:31:39+00:00
|
Hot on the heels of Eddie Redmayne's Oscar win for his role as Stephen Hawking in "The Theory of Everything," Working Title Films has released the first image of the actor playing a lesser-known pioneer.
|
en
|
Variety
|
https://variety.com/2015/film/news/first-look-eddie-redmayne-in-sex-change-drama-the-danish-girl-1201443921/
|
Hot on the heels of Eddie Redmayne‘s Oscar win for his role as Stephen Hawking in “The Theory of Everything,” Working Title Films has released the first image of the actor playing a lesser-known pioneer.
Redmayne portrays Danish artist Einar Wegener, later known as Lili Elbe — one of the first people to undergo a sex-change operation — in “The Danish Girl.”
The film, based on David Ebershoff’s novel of the same name, reteams Redmayne with his “Les Miserables” director, Tom Hooper.
Alicia Vikander plays Wegener’s wife, Greta, who painted him in drag and later helped him during his transition. Matthias Schoenaerts and Amber Heard also star in the 1920s-set romance drama.
Redmayne told the Daily Mail that he worked with his “Theory of Everything” movement director Alexandra Reynolds to prepare for the role, “observing the minutiae of feminine physicality.”
“We’re looking at everything from a feminine perspective,” he said. “I think it’s the most sensitive role I have played.”
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 18
|
https://www.creativescreenwriting.com/the-theory-of-everything-three-movies-in-one/
|
en
|
The Theory of Everything: “Three Movies in One”
|
[
"https://www.creativescreenwriting.com/media/logo/CS_logo_lightbackground.svg",
"https://www.creativescreenwriting.com/media/logo/CS_logo_darkbackground.svg",
"https://www.creativescreenwriting.com/media/logo/CS_logo_lightbackground.svg",
"https://www.creativescreenwriting.com/media/logo/CS_logo_darkbackground.svg",
"https://www.creativescreenwriting.com/cswcms/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/featured2.jpg",
"http://creativescreenwriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Anthony-McCarten-150x150.jpg",
"http://creativescreenwriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/travelling-to-infinity.jpg",
"http://creativescreenwriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/theory-of-everything.jpg",
"http://creativescreenwriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/brief-history-2-199x300.jpg",
"http://creativescreenwriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Anthony-McCarten-and-producer-Lisa-Bruce-1.jpg",
"http://creativescreenwriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/wheelchair.jpg",
"http://creativescreenwriting.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/real-stephen-hawking.jpg",
"https://www.creativescreenwriting.com/cswcms/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Andrew-150x150.jpg",
"https://www.creativescreenwriting.com/media/logo/CS_logo_darkbackground.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Anthony McCarten
Stephen Hawking’s rise to become the godfather of modern astrophysics–despite his physical limita
|
/favicon.png
|
Creative Screenwriting
|
https://www.creativescreenwriting.com//the-theory-of-everything-three-movies-in-one
|
Stephen Hawking’s rise to become the godfather of modern astrophysics–despite his physical limitations, is the stuff of legend. In writing and producing the acclaimed biopic The Theory of Everything, New Zealander Anthony McCarten clearly took a page from Hawking’s stop-at-nothing playbook.
McCarten’s journey began in 2004, when he paid a surprise visit to Hawking’s first wife Jane, on whose memoir Travelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen, the film is based. But it took years of spec scripts and persuasion before Jane agreed to option her property to McCarten, who then hustled to find financing–finally partnering with Britain’s Working Title Films in 2012.
Already garnering multiple awards, including a Golden Globe trophy for Hawking portrayer Eddie Redmayne, plus five Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay, Theory’s ambitious narrative spans more than two decades.
The story takes us from Hawking’s early days as a healthy Cambridge University student, to the diagnosis of his amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), to the publication of his seminal bestseller A Brief History of Time.
Above all, Theory is a love story between Stephen and Jane—delicately played by Felicity Jones with an unvarnished honesty that more than justifies her Best Actress Oscar nod. Just watch her fresh-faced Jane take an instant shine to Hawking’s shy grad student, and insist on marrying him, despite learning he has only two years to live. Would she have made the same choices had she known Hawking would defy the odds, and live to this day?
Of the universe’s many mysteries, McCarten knows that love is one of the most mysterious. Also an accomplished playwright and poet, McCarten spoke with Creative Screenwriting about this and other big picture questions.
The Theory of Everything features many “show-don’t-tell” moments, like when Stephen Hawking’s hand tremors when he’s serving roasted potatoes at dinner. How exacting were you in describing the physicality of these movements?
Pretty specific. I always think the writer is the first director, and that you need to know how to tell the story in terms of action, as well. It’s often thought that if it’s not dialogue, the director came up with it. But you really do have to imagine it all when you’re doing a screenplay, and that was part of the joy and the challenge of this particular script, because more than anything else I’ve ever done, this was non-verbal. This was a love story, where at a certain point, one half of the love story can barely speak and can’t move at all. So it was incumbent on me to embrace the whole concept of telling that story in a passionate and involving way, without using tools like dialogue. For example, there was a line in the script where Stephen wants to embrace Jane, but he can’t do anything like that. She’s across the room with her back turned, and all he has is “forward” and “reverse” on his wheelchair. In the script, I say: “He nudges her like a pony nudging its rider.” And Eddie [Redmayne] said this description was really quite important in unlocking the spirit of a man who desperately yearns to express himself in a normal way, but cannot. The internalization of all of those frustrations was something Eddie felt he could really play with.
How esoteric did you strive to be when describing things like space-time singularity, quantum mechanics, the Theory of Relativity and other complex scientific ideas?
I wanted to get to a point of understanding where I could grasp it myself, in a way that would allow me to find visual metaphors for these very esoteric ideas. Reading A Brief History of Time was a starting point, but then I researched secondary texts, so I got a sense of all of Stephen’s major discoveries. Then the challenge was to find interesting cinematic ways to express them.
One of my early impulses was to not have physicists explain physics. I would have laypeople like you and I, doing their best–even somewhat clumsily, to try and grasp these ideas. That’s where the scene came from when Jane is explaining what Stephen’s working on, using food on the dinner plate. It would have been very easy to have a physicist do that scene with a blackboard, and dazzle us with numbers and formula, but all we would walk away with was how clever physicists are. My intention was to have much more fun, and even give the audience something they could take home, by distilling it into things as pedestrian as a pea and a potato, to describe quantum mechanics and relativity. Or the froth in a pint of beer, for example. There’s a lot to do with the idea of spirals.
Did your poetry background aid your ability to come up with these interesting visual representations, like Stephen using cream in his coffee to create a swirling effect that reverses, to suggest his burgeoning idea that time has a beginning?
Let’s be very clear: that was a homage to Godard. There’s a scene in one of his great movies with cream going into a cup of coffee that’s very suggestive of a spiral galaxy. When we tried to find visual ways to wind back time, that spiral became a key representational image. One of the first ideas I made implicit in the script was that it would be about time and an exploration of what happened at the first moment of the universe, and I knew the movie should end with the whole movie going in reverse. As often happens, once you know the ending, it kind of instructs you on how to proceed from the beginning. These things were placed into the script and then embraced by Eddie and Felicity. They have a moment that they contrived–which wasn’t in the original script, when Stephen’s explaining to Jane his first idea that the universe might have been born out of a black hole, and they started spinning around and holding each other, and physically giving us a playful sense of winding. One you’ve established a system of imagery, everybody can use it as a launch pad.
There’s a scene after A Brief History of Time became a phenomenon when Stephen is lecturing to a group of people, and he has a vision of standing up to help a women pick up her pen. What was your thinking in incorporating this moment?
I wanted to show that during this wonderful celebration—an almost pinnacle moment of his life, when he’s enjoying his greatest success and global admiration and love, that there was still a man in that chair, who would give it all away if he could get out of that chair, walk across the room, pick up a pen, and give it to the young lady who had just dropped it. Without undercutting any pretentious sentimentality of that scene, my concept was to really bring us home to the extraordinary sacrifice he’s had to endure, to get to this point. Somewhere in my head was this idea that Stephen Hawking had made some sort of wager, that in return for being able to perceive the mysteries of the universe, he had to surrender his body.
Was it hard to negotiate how much of Hawking’s physical struggle to show, while still keeping the audience on board with is journey?
Back in 2004, when I traveled to see Jane that first afternoon, seeking her permission to make this movie—permission which took eight years to get, on that day I drew a sketch of a triple helix on a piece of paper, and presented this concept to her, that this movie would be three movies in one. It would have the story of Stephen’s breakthroughs in science, it would be a one-of-a-kind love story with unusual problems and unorthodox solutions, and thirdly, it would be the story of Stephen’s and Jane’s battle with this brutal disease, with Stephen going from a completely healthy young man, to relying on one walking stick, to two walking sticks, to a wheelchair, then to an electric wheelchair, then losing his voice, and then we’re left with the iconic Stephen Hawking that we have today, who can barely move a voluntary muscle in his body. Those demarcations were clear to us.
Since you were so intimate with this material, did you ever contemplate directing this film–especially since you have previous directing experience?
Yeah, I did. If you talked to me ten years ago, I would have presented an ambition to be an auteur and direct this myself. I’ve since started to manage my ego better. I realized that what I fundamentally do best, is write, and I think the world would agree with that. It doesn’t mean I wouldn’t want to direct something at some future point, but for the next couple of years, I’m going to focus completely on the writing, and opportunities are opening up to me right now that weren’t twelve months ago.
After this experience, did you personally come away with any epiphanies about some of the bigger questions about God and love and purpose?
(Laughs) I did walk away with the very strong impression that if you could keep a sense of humor and keep an active mind, you can endure almost any setback.
What was your reaction to first seeing a cut of the film?
Gratitude.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_of_Steel_(film)
|
en
|
Man of Steel (film)
|
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/50/Man_of_Steel_%28film%29_poster.jpg/220px-Man_of_Steel_%28film%29_poster.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Zack_Snyder%2C_Henry_Cavill%2C_Russell_Crowe_%283%29.jpg/220px-Zack_Snyder%2C_Henry_Cavill%2C_Russell_Crowe_%283%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/KryptonMOS.jpg/320px-KryptonMOS.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/19px-Video-x-generic.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/17px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dragon-149393.svg/18px-Dragon-149393.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/21px-Wikipetan-manga.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/IPhone_5.svg/9px-IPhone_5.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
] |
2011-03-27T22:10:38+00:00
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_of_Steel_(film)
|
2013 film by Zack Snyder
This article is about the 2013 American film. For the 1922 German film, see Der Mann aus Stahl.
Man of SteelDirected byZack SnyderScreenplay byDavid S. GoyerStory by
David S. Goyer
Christopher Nolan
Based onCharacters appearing in comic books published
by DC EntertainmentProduced byStarringCinematographyAmir MokriEdited byDavid BrennerMusic byHans Zimmer
Production
companies
Distributed byWarner Bros. Pictures[3]
Release dates
Running time
143 minutes[4]Countries
United States[5]
Canada[5]
United Kingdom[5]
LanguageEnglishBudget$225–258 million[6][7]Box office$670.2 million[1][6]
Man of Steel is a 2013 superhero film based on the DC Comics character Superman. Produced by Warner Bros. Pictures, Legendary Pictures, DC Entertainment, and Syncopy, it was directed by Zack Snyder from a screenplay written by David S. Goyer who developed the story with producer Christopher Nolan. The film is a reboot of the Superman film series, depicting the character's origin story, and it is the first installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).[8][9] Man of Steel stars Henry Cavill as Superman in the title role along with Amy Adams, Michael Shannon, Kevin Costner, Diane Lane, Laurence Fishburne, and Russell Crowe. In the film, Clark Kent learns that he is a superpowered alien from the planet Krypton. He assumes the role of mankind's protector as Superman, making the choice to face General Zod and prevent him from destroying humanity.
Development began in 2008 when Warner Bros. took pitches from comic book writers, screenwriters, and directors, opting to reboot the franchise. In 2009, a court ruling resulted in Jerry Siegel's family recapturing the rights to Superman's origins and Siegel's copyright. The decision stated that Warner Bros. did not owe the families additional royalties from previous films, but if they did not begin production on a Superman film by 2011, then the Shuster and Siegel estates would be able to sue for lost revenue on an unproduced film. Nolan pitched Goyer's idea after a story discussion on The Dark Knight Rises, and Snyder was hired as the film's director in October 2010. Principal photography began in August 2011 in West Chicago, Illinois, before moving to Vancouver and Plano, Illinois.
Man of Steel premiered in the Alice Tully Hall in New York City on June 10, 2013, and was released by Warner Bros. Pictures in the United States on June 14. Critics felt the film's visually-appealing action sequences were not enough to overcome its descent into "generic blockbuster territory",[10] and they were divided over Cavill's performance as Superman.[11] It grossed $668 million worldwide, becoming the ninth-highest-grossing film of 2013. A follow-up, titled Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, was released on March 25, 2016.
Plot
[edit]
The film is presented in a nonlinear narrative with the protagonist's childhood and teenage years told in flashbacks as he recollects them. The following is a linear summary of the plot.
The planet Krypton is destabilizing from the mining of the planetary core. Just before the planet explodes, Krypton's top scientist, Jor-El, steals and infuses the genetics codex into his infant son, Kal-El, the first naturally born Kryptonian child in centuries. Jor-El manages to send Kal-El in a spacecraft toward Earth before being killed by General Zod during a coup d'état. Kal-El lands in Kansas, where he is adopted by Jonathan and Martha Kent and named Clark. As he grows older, due to his Kryptonian physiology and Earth's yellow sun, he develops superhuman powers that Jonathan urges him to keep hidden, even refusing Clark's help years later during a tornado storm where he loses his life. Burdened with guilt over Jonathan's death, Clark travels the globe hiding under various aliases seeking a purpose in life.
Daily Planet reporter Lois Lane receives an assignment to investigate the discovery of a Kryptonian scout ship in the Arctic. Clark enters the ship disguised as a worker and learns from its artificial intelligence modeled after his father Jor-El about his origins, and that Clark was sent to Earth to guide its people. While following Clark, Lois inadvertently triggers the ship's security system, and he uses his powers to rescue Lois from its defenses. He wears a uniform provided by the ship's AI and begins testing his abilities. Unable to convince supervisor Perry White to publish an article on the incident, Lois tracks down Clark in Smallville, with the intent of exposing him. However, Lois drops the story upon hearing of Jonathan Kent's sacrifice, keeping Clark's identity safe while fueling Perry's suspicions.
Zod and his crew escape the Phantom Zone, where they were imprisoned for treason for their actions against Krypton. They travel to Earth to turn it into a new Krypton, possessing several terraforming devices salvaged from Kryptonian outposts. Following Clark and Lois' capture, Zod's science officer, Jax-Ur, extracts Clark's genes to create new Kryptonians who will build a society based on Zod's ideals of genetic purity. Using the Jor-El AI to take over the ship, Clark and Lois flee and warn the U.S. military of Zod's plan, resulting in a confrontation between Clark and Zod's troops.
Zod deploys his most powerful terraforming device, the World Engine, which severely damages Metropolis and risks humanity's extinction. Clark destroys the terraforming platform while the military launches an attack on the Black Zero, sending Zod's troops back to the Phantom Zone. With the ship destroyed and Krypton's only hope of revival gone, Zod vows to destroy Earth and its inhabitants out of revenge. The two Kryptonians engage in a lengthy battle across Metropolis, which concludes when Clark is forced to kill Zod as the latter attacks a family trapped in a train station. Sometime later, Clark adopts the moniker "Superman" and persuades the government to let him act independently, under the condition he does not turn against humanity. To gain covert access to dangerous situations, he takes a job under his civilian identity, Clark Kent, as a reporter for the Daily Planet.
Cast
[edit]
Henry Cavill as Kal-El / Clark Kent:
A Kryptonian with superhuman powers and abilities, sent by his parents to Earth as an infant to escape the destruction of his homeworld, Krypton, and raised under the mental guidance of farmers in Smallville, Kansas, until he is inspired by the holographic message from his late father to become Earth's greatest protector. Cavill is the first non-American actor to play the character.[12][13] He was previously cast in Superman: Flyby, which was ultimately shelved,[14] and was considered for the role in the 2006 film Superman Returns, but lost to Brandon Routh.[15][16] Cavill stated, "There's a very real story behind the Superman character." He explained that everyone's goal has been to explore the difficulties his character faces as a result of having multiple identities—including his birth name, Kal-El, and his alter ego, Clark Kent. Cavill also stated that "He's alone and there's no one like him," referring to Superman's vulnerabilities. "That must be incredibly scary and lonely, not to know who you are or what you are, and trying to find out what makes sense. Where's your baseline? What do you draw from? Where do you draw a limit with the power you have? In itself, that's an incredible weakness."[17] In an interview with Total Film magazine, Cavill stated he had been consuming nearly 5,000 calories a day, training for over two hours daily and plowing protein to pack on the muscle mass.[18] Tyler Hoechlin (who would later play the character in the Arrowverse and Superman & Lois), Matthew Goode, Armie Hammer, Jamie Dornan, Joe Manganiello and Colin O'Donoghue were also considered for the role. Manganiello was subsequently cast as Deathstroke in Justice League.[19][20][21][22] Cavill cited his inspiration for his portrayal for Superman was by four comics The Death of Superman, The Return of Superman, Superman: Red Son and Superman/Batman: The Search for Kryptonite.[23] Cooper Timberline was cast as the 9-year-old Clark Kent, and Dylan Sprayberry was cast as the 13-year-old Clark Kent.[24]
Amy Adams as Lois Lane:[25][26]
A reporter for the Daily Planet newspaper and the love interest of Clark Kent. Adams was selected from a list of actresses that included Kristen Stewart, Zoe Saldaña, Olivia Wilde, and Mila Kunis.[27][28][29][30] "There was a big, giant search for Lois," Snyder said. "For us, it was a big thing and obviously a really important role. We did a lot of auditioning, but we had this meeting with Amy Adams and after that I just felt she was perfect for it."[31] Adams auditioned for the role three times: once for the unproduced Superman: Flyby, and the second time for Superman Returns before landing the current role.[32] Adams was confirmed to play Lois Lane in March 2011. While announcing the role, Snyder said in a statement, "We are excited to announce the casting of Amy Adams, one of the most versatile and respected actresses in films today. Amy has the talent to capture all of the qualities we love about Lois: smart, tough, funny, warm, ambitious and, of course, beautiful."[33] On portraying Lois Lane, Adams stated that the film would feature a Lois Lane who is an "independent, feisty woman ... but set in a more identifiable world." Adams said that "She has become more of a free-ranging journalist, someone who likes to be hands-on. The nature of the newspaper business has changed so much. There is so much more pressure."[34]
Michael Shannon as General Zod:[35]
A Kryptonian general with the same superpowers as Superman, bent on transforming Earth into a new Krypton under his reign. Viggo Mortensen and Daniel Day-Lewis were also considered for the role.[36][37] Snyder stated, "Zod is not only one of Superman's most formidable enemies, but one of the most significant because he has insights into Superman that others don't. Michael is a powerful actor who can project both the intelligence and the malice of the character, making him perfect for the role."[35] When Goyer was asked about why Zod was chosen as the villain, he stated, "The way (Christopher) Nolan and I have always approached movies as well is you never say, 'Hey, which villain would be cool for this movie?' You start with the story first. What kind of story? What kind of theme do you want to tell? So we worked that out. Then, usually the villain becomes obvious in terms of who's going to be the appropriate antagonist for that. When you guys see the movie, the only villain we could've used was Zod and the Kryptonians. I mean, when you see what the whole story is, nothing else would have even made sense."[38]
Kevin Costner as Jonathan Kent:
Clark's adoptive father.[39] Snyder explained his reason for his casting the on-screen couple is solely for the realism: "I think the thing you realize when you look at Diane and Kevin, in our decision to cast them so far, you sort of get a sense of how tonally we're looking at the movie, and what you realize is that those guys are serious actors, and we're taking this movie very seriously in terms of the tone of having those guys. You're talking about having a situation where whatever the action is or whatever the drama of the movie is, our first priority is to make sure it's rendered in the most realistic way we can get at."[40]
Diane Lane as Martha Kent:
Clark's adoptive mother.[39] Lane was the first cast member to join the film after Cavill. "This was a very important piece of casting for me because Martha Kent is the woman whose values helped shape the man we know as Superman," Snyder said in the release. "We are thrilled to have Diane in the role because she can convey the wisdom and the wonder of a woman whose son has powers beyond her imagination."[41]
Laurence Fishburne as Perry White:
Editor-in-chief of the Daily Planet and the boss of Lois Lane. Fishburne is the first African-American to play Perry White in a live-action film.[42] Fishburne remarked of his role: "[M]y inspiration really is the late Ed Bradley, who was a CBS correspondent on 60 Minutes for many years ... [The] legendary Ed Bradley ... was a friend, a mentor, and a role model for me, particularly because he worked in journalism, and he was the kind of guy who walked with kings, but he had the common touch. And so he was my inspiration for Perry."[43]
Antje Traue as Faora-Ul:
General Zod's sub-commander and a commander of the Kryptonian military, who is completely devoted and loyal to Zod. Gal Gadot was offered the role but declined because she was pregnant at that time; this allowed her to be later cast as Wonder Woman in the film's sequel.[44] Alice Eve, Diane Kruger and Rosamund Pike were also considered for the role.[45][46] About the role of Faora, Traue said in an interview: "What I liked about her was that as a woman, we have certain doubts and we think too much sometimes about ourselves and all these things, they're not there for Faora. She's a bred warrior. So to really focus on that aspect, that fear is a chemical reaction and that it was bred out of her and she doesn't have it, it's liberating when you actually think about it. That you're just a one-track mind, there's no filter, there's no double meaning. She gets orders and she answers those orders without a question."[47]
Ayelet Zurer as Lara Lor-Van:
Kal-El's biological mother and loyal wife to Jor-El. Julia Ormond had previously been announced as cast, but dropped out.[48] Connie Nielsen was in negotiations for the role before Zurer was cast. Nielsen was subsequently cast as Queen Hippolyta in Wonder Woman.[49]
Christopher Meloni as Col. Nathan Hardy:[50][51]
A United States Air Force officer, call sign "Guardian", assigned to the United States Northern Command.
Russell Crowe as Jor-El:
A Kryptonian scientist who is Kal-El's biological father. Sean Penn and Clive Owen were also considered for the role.[52] Crowe incorporates how his own fatherhood informed his reading of the script to portray Jor-El, stating that "... it was one of those things where that's how it was connecting me. That's the question that Jor-El faces, that's the situation that he's in."[53] Crowe also comments on his preparation for the film stating that: "When I signed on ... well, one, I didn't realize that I would be wearing Spandex—'cause you know that's Superman's costume—I didn't realize that I'd have to fit into it as well," Crowe said. "But, I also didn't realize the type of organiser that Zack Snyder is, 'cause this was really old-school prep. This is sort of David Lean-level preparation, and I really appreciated him. And I was on the movie for three and a half or four months before I even got in front of the camera."[54]
Additionally, Harry Lennix plays Lieutenant General Calvin Swanwick, a United States Army general officer and the deputy commander of United States Northern Command.[50][55] Christina Wren plays Capt. Carrie Ferris, a United States Air Force officer and the assistant to General Swanwick.[56] Richard Schiff plays Dr. Emil Hamilton, a scientist who works with the United States Armed Forces for DARPA.[57][58][59] Carla Gugino portrays the voice of Kelor, the Kryptonian AI service-robot.[60] Mackenzie Gray plays Jax-Ur, a Kryptonian scientist who is one of General Zod's followers.[61] Michael Kelly plays Steve Lombard, an employee of the Daily Planet,[62] and Rebecca Buller plays Jenny Jurwich, an intern of the Daily Planet.[63] Jadin Gould, Rowen Kahn, and Jack Foley, respectively, play Lana Lang, Kenny Braverman, and Pete Ross, classmates of Clark Kent in high school.[64][65][66] Joseph Cranford portrays Ross as an adult.[67] Richard Cetrone, Samantha Jo, Revard Dufresne and Apollonia Vanova, respectively, play Tor-An, Car-Vex, Dev-Em II and Nadira, Kryptonian soldiers that follow General Zod.[68][69][70]
Production
[edit]
Development
[edit]
In June 2008, Warner Bros. took pitches from comic book writers, screenwriters and directors on how to successfully reboot the Superman film series.[73] Comic book writers Grant Morrison, Mark Waid, Geoff Johns and Brad Meltzer were among those who pitched their ideas for a reboot: "I told them, it's not that bad. Just treat Superman Returns as the Ang Lee Hulk", Morrison said. Waid said: "The Incredible Hulk has proven the audience will forgive you and let you redo the franchise".[74] Morrison's idea was similar to their work on All-Star Superman, while Waid's was akin to Superman: Birthright.[74] Mark Millar, teaming with director Matthew Vaughn, also planned an epic eight-hour Superman trilogy, each installment released a year apart, similar to The Lord of the Rings.[75][76] Millar compared it to The Godfather trilogy, in which it would chronicle the entire life of Superman, from the early days of Krypton, where little Kal-El witnesses his father's tireless struggle to save the planet, to the finale where Superman loses his powers as the Sun starts to go supernova.[77] According to Millar, Vaughn suggested his Stardust actor Charlie Cox as a Golden-Age inspired Superman "when he was a bit more of a regular person".[78] Vaughn would later say his pitch for a trilogy film would have been to a similar tone to Richard Donner's 1978 film, and would have included villains such as Zod, Brainiac, and Lex Luthor.[79]
In August 2008, Warner Bros. suggested that the planned sequel to Superman Returns, subtitled Man of Steel by director Bryan Singer, would now be a reboot of the film series. Studio executive Jeff Robinov planned to have the film released either by 2010 or 2011, explaining that "Superman Returns didn't quite work as a film in the way that we wanted it to. It didn't position the character the way he needed to be positioned. Had Superman worked in 2006, we would have had a movie for Christmas of this year or 2009. Now the plan is just to reintroduce Superman without regard to a Batman and Superman movie at all."[80] Paul Levitz stated in an interview that Batman holds the key to the Superman reboot. He elaborated: "Everyone is waiting for Nolan to sign on for another Batman, once that happens, the release date for Superman and all other future projects will follow."[81] In February 2009, McG, who previously planned to direct Superman: Flyby, expressed interest in returning to the Superman franchise.[81][82] August 2009 saw a court ruling in which Jerry Siegel's family recaptured 50% of the rights to Superman's origins and Siegel's share of the copyright in Action Comics #1.[83] In addition, a judge ruled that Warner Bros. did not owe the families additional royalties from previous films. However, if they did not begin production on a Superman film by 2011, then the Siegel estate would have been able to sue for lost revenue on an unproduced film.[84]
The plot of Man of Steel employs a nonlinear narrative, and tells parts of the story in flashbacks. During story discussions for The Dark Knight Rises in 2008, David S. Goyer told Christopher Nolan his idea regarding how to present Superman in a modern context.[71] Impressed with Goyer's concept, Nolan pitched the idea to the studio,[71] who hired Nolan to produce and Goyer to write based on the financial and critical success of The Dark Knight.[85][80] Nolan admired Singer's work on Superman Returns for its connection to Richard Donner's version, stating that "a lot of people have approached Superman in a lot of different ways. I only know the way that has worked for us that's what I know how to do", emphasizing the idea that Batman exists in a world where he is the only superhero and a similar approach to the Man of Steel would assure the integrity needed for the film. Nolan, however, clarified that the new film would not have any relationship with the previous film series, in which he commented: "Each serves to the internal logic of the story. They have nothing to do with each other".[86]
Robinov spoke to Entertainment Weekly, and allowed a peek over the wall of secrecy surrounding their DC Comics plans: "It's setting the tone for what the movies are going to be like going forward. In that, it's definitely a first step."[87] Plans included for the film to contain references to the existence of other superheroes, alluding to the possibility of a further DC Universe,[88] and setting the tone for a shared fictional universe of DC Comics characters on film.[87] Guillermo del Toro, with whom Goyer worked on Blade II, turned down the director's position on the reboot because of his commitment on a film adaptation of At the Mountains of Madness,[89] while Robert Zemeckis was also approached.[90] Ben Affleck, Darren Aronofsky, Duncan Jones, Jonathan Liebesman, Matt Reeves (who would direct a Batman reboot), and Tony Scott were considered as potential directors,[91] before Zack Snyder was hired in October 2010.[92] Casting began the following November.[93][94] Snyder confirmed both Booster Gold and Batman references in the film, indicating their presence in the DC shared film universe. When Zod destroys a satellite, the words "Wayne Enterprises" are scrolled on the satellite.[95] Snyder and Nolan considered having Man of Steel share continuity with The Dark Knight trilogy, but ultimately decided against it.[96] In the original script Zod was going to getting sucked into the Phantom Zone, but Snyder and Goyer felt it was unsatisfying so they asked the people at DC Comics on if Superman would kill someone if he didn't have a choice but Nolan was against so Goyer came up with the scene with the heat vision and "those people were about to die" which made convinced Nolan.[97]
The film's storyboard was created by storyboard artist Jay Oliva, in his first live-action feature film project, along with Snyder.[98] Oliva has cited the Japanese anime shows Dragon Ball Z and Birdy the Mighty as an inspiration for the film's epic battle scenes. During the film's brainstorming, Oliva pitched the idea as "I could come up with something I've never seen in live-action American cinema and only in anime".[99]
Filming
[edit]
Principal photography began on August 1, 2011, at an industrial park near DuPage Airport under the codename "Autumn Frost".[100] Zack Snyder expressed reluctance to shooting the film in 3-D, due to the technical limitations of the format, and instead chose to shoot the film two-dimensionally and convert the film into 3-D in post-production, for a 2-D, 3-D, and IMAX 3-D release.[101] Snyder also chose to shoot the film on film instead of digitally, because he felt it would make the film "a big movie experience".[102] Cinematographer Amir Mokri shot the film with Panavision Panaflex Millennium XL2 cameras and C-Series anamorphic lenses.[103] Filming was expected to last for two to three months.[104] Production took place in Plano, Illinois on August 22 to 29.[100][105] According to an interview with Michael Shannon, filming would continue until February 2012.[106]
Man of Steel filmed in the Chicago area, California, and Burnaby's Mammoth Studios in Vancouver, which was used as a set for Krypton and the extraterrestrial aircraft portrayed in the film.[107][108] Vancouver's North Shore waterfront area was also used for the oil rig rescue scene where Superman is first introduced.[107] Ucluelet and Nanaimo, British Columbia, feature prominently in the film's first hour—the trademark winter mist and rough seas are passed off as Alaska in the film. Filming took place in the Chicago Loop from September 7 to 17.[100] The Chicago shoot was a unit project, meaning that filming would partake numerous establishing shots as well as cutaways and might not necessarily include principal cast members.[109]
Design
[edit]
Man of Steel features a redesigned Superman costume by James Acheson and Michael Wilkinson. The costume preserves the color scheme and "S" logo, but adopts darker tones, and notably does not feature the red trunks usually worn by Superman. Zack Snyder said the costume is "a modern aesthetic". He and the producers attempted to devise a suit featuring the red trunks, but could not design one that fit into the tone of the film, leading to their removal from the suit.[110] Because of Wilkinson's unavailability, Snyder chose Acheson to design the suit; however, he only started developing it, and Wilkinson finished the development when he returned, and designed the other character's costumes as well.[111] Due to the substantial weight a practical suit would yield, the Kryptonian armor for General Zod was constructed through CGI to allow Shannon "freedom of movement".[112] In a March 2014 interview with Esquire, Wilkinson explained the reason for the look of Superman's redesigned suit:
A lot of the efforts we took in the film were to explain why the suit looks the way it does. We didn't want it to be a random, ornamental decision. We start the film on the planet of Krypton, which is where the suit comes from, and we go to great pains to show the suit fitting into the culture. All of the people you see on Krypton are wearing this chainmail-like suit, with the same detailing as the Superman suit. Everyone has their family crests on their chests. The cuff and the boot details are shared through all of the different characters we meet on Krypton. So by the time we see Superman in his suit we understand why it looks the way it looks.[111]
Effects
[edit]
John "DJ" Desjardin served as the visual supervisor for Man of Steel, with Weta Digital, MPC and Double Negative providing the visual effects for the film.[113][114] Zack Snyder wanted the film to "appear very natural because there's some very fantastical things in there and he wanted people to suspend their disbelief, and we the visual effects team had to make it as easy as possible for them to do so." Desjardin noted that the intent in shooting the film was to use handheld devices to make the film feel like a "documentary-style" film. Desjardin said: "We had to think about what that would mean, since we also had to photograph some crazy action. So for a lot of the previs we did, we'd start to think where our cameras were and where our cameraman was. A lot of the rules are the Battlestar Galactica rules for the space cams that Gary Hurtzel [sic] developed for that miniseries, where we want to make sure if we're translating the camera at all it makes sense. Unless the action is so over the top, like in the end where Superman is beating up Zod—we had to break it a bit."[115]
For the first act of the film taking place on the planet Krypton, Weta Digital placed alien-like planet environments, creatures and the principal means of display—a technology the filmmakers called "liquid geometry". Weta Digital visual effects supervisor Dan Lemmon explained that "it's a bunch of silver beads that are suspended through a magnetic field, and the machine is able to control that magnetic field so that the collection of beads behave almost like three-dimensional pixels, and they can create a surface that floats in the air and describes whatever the thing is you're supposed to be seeing." The beads of the display, which up close would appear to be pyramids with a slight bevel, were designed to create a surface of the object to depict inside a "console-like" figure.[115]
In the modeling and animation aspect of the liquid geometry, Goodwin explained: "We had to develop a pipeline to bring in assets, so instead of going through the route of reducing the polygon count to something usable what we would then do—you would take the model in whatever way it was made and just scatter discrete points onto it, and extract the matrix onto the animation and copy these points onto the matrix and have these sparse points behaving in a way that the model would."[115] After the animation, artists duplicated the beads onto the animated geometry for a pre-simulated lighting version to get approval on how the object would read. Sims were then run "on all the targets which would be discrete beads floating around on top of the surface which would have its own set of parameters", in which Goodwin further explained: "The bead size or the turbulence that would crawl along the surface constantly updating the orientation was based on the normal provided by the surface. That was then saved to disk and we would use that sim as the final target for the simulation." After the simulation process, Weta Digital ran every bead through a temporal filter to remove jitter to control the noise. Lighting solutions directly worked on the set. Weta used RenderMan to take advantage of improved ray tracing and instancing objects.[115]
The sequences where Superman uses close-combat fight scenes with the other Kryptonians proved to be a major challenge for the filmmakers and the visual effects crew.[115] Desjardin explained: "When we do these fights and these hyper-real things, we don't want to do the traditional, 'OK I'm a cameraman, I'm shooting a clean plate, I'm going to pan over here to follow the action that's not really there yet but we'll put the action in later. Because that's us animating the characters to the camera. So we would do that animation with the characters—grappling, punching or flying away—and we would take the real guys up until the point until they were supposed to do that and we'd cut. Then we'd put an environment camera there and take the environment. And then a camera for reference of the actors and get each moment. So then we had a set of high-res stills for the environment and the characters. Then, in post, we take the digi-doubles and animate them according to the speeds we want them to move in our digital environment."[115]
MPC handled the visual effects for the "Smallville encounter" sequence. Before providing the visual effects, the shots were previsualized for the fight choreography. After the previsualizations, live action portions of the scene would be filmed in small pieces: "If say Superman was being punched and would land 50 meters away, we would shoot our start position and end position, and then bridge that gap with the CG takeovers", says Guillaume Rocheron, the MPC visual effects supervisor. A camera rig would then obtain key frames of the choreographed actor; Desjardin said "it's a six-still camera rig that's built on a pipe rig so that you can run it in at the end of a setup and get stills of key frames of a performance or an expression, and then we could use those hi-res stills to project onto the CG double and get really accurate transition lighting and color—right from the set."[115]
On set, a camera rig was used to capture the environment of the sequence. Dubbed "enviro-cam", the visual effects crew would mount a Canon EOS 5D and a motorized nodal head, allowing the crew to capture the environment at a 360-degree angle with 55K resolution for every shot, the process would take approximately two to four minutes. The set capture resulted in lighting and textures that could be reprojected onto geometry.[115] Full-screen digital doubles were a major component for the fighting sequences. Digital armor was also added, along with the energy-based Kryptonian helmets. Cyberscan and FACS were conducted with the actors, and polarized and non-polarized reference photos were taken. Superman's cape and costume were scanned in high detail—the cape in particular became a direct extension of Superman's actions.[115]
For the sequences involving the terraforming of the city Metropolis, Double Negative handled the visual effects for the sequence. To construct a Metropolis that seemed convincing and realistic, Double Negative used Esri's CityEngine to help procedurally deliver the city. According to Ged Wright, a Double Negative visual effects supervisor, it was a much more sci-fi based role, "so we took what they had done and extended it a great deal. The work we were doing was based around the Downtowns for New York, L.A. and Chicago and that gave us the building volumes for heights. We'd skin those volumes with kit parts, but most of it then had to fall down! So we had to rig it for destruction and use it for other aspects of the work as well."[115]
For the destruction of the buildings, the studio rewrote its own asset system to focus towards its dynamic events. The Bullet physics software was a heavily impacted component for the use of the destruction. Wright said that "we wanted to be able to run an RBD event and trigger all these secondary events, whether it was glass or dust simulations—all of those things needed to be chained up and handled in a procedural way. One of the advantages of this was that, because it was all based around a limited number of input components, you can make sure they're modeled in a way they're usable in effects—you can model something but they'll be another stage to rig it for destruction." Fire, smoke, and water stimulation tools were developed at the Double Negative studio. The studio transitioned between the existing proprietary volume rendering software to rendering in Mantra for elements such as fireball sims. Double Negative also used the in-house fluids tool "Squirt" to handle larger-scale sims and interaction for more tightly coupled volumes and particles. Regarding the battle between Superman and Zod, Double Negative implemented real photography onto its digital doubles.[115]
Music
[edit]
Main article: Man of Steel (soundtrack)
Hans Zimmer initially denied popular rumors that he would be composing the film's score,[116] but in June 2012, it was confirmed that Zimmer would, in fact, be doing so after all.[117] To completely distinguish Man of Steel from the previous films, the iconic "Superman March" by John Williams was not used.[118] Hans Zimmer's soundtrack for Man of Steel was released publicly on June 11, 2013.[119] An unofficial rip of the musical score from the third trailer, entitled "An Ideal of Hope", confirmed to be a cut-down version of the track "What Are You Going to Do When You Are Not Saving the World?", was released on April 19.[120] In late April, the official track listing of the two-CD deluxe edition was revealed.[121]
Themes
[edit]
Many reviewers interpreted Man of Steel as a religious allegory, especially since Warner Bros. set up a website that contains "a nine-page pamphlet entitled Jesus: The Original Superhero".[122][123] Justin Craig compares Kal-El's struggle to the Passion of Christ, stating that "Kal-El is more than willing to sacrifice himself to save the people of Earth. Originally reluctant to reveal his identity and powers to the world, Superman decides to turn himself over to Zod to save humanity from annihilation."[124] Craig also states that there is an allegory to the Trinity within Man of Steel: "Jor-El returns to Kal-El on Earth as a ghost, guiding his budding superhero son on his journey to salvation. Before Jor-El sends his son off to Earth baby Moses-style, he tells his wife that, like Jesus, 'He'll be a god to them.'"[124] Paul Asay of The Washington Post writes that "Superman floats in space with his arms splayed out as if nailed to an invisible cross," a fact that Craig also mentioned in his assessment of the film.[125][124] The protagonist of the film is also 33 years old and seeks "counsel at a church."[126]
Writing for The Huffington Post, Colin Liotta compared Zod to Adolf Hitler, citing: "He feels his vision for a pure Krypton (i.e. a society like the one Hitler envisioned with his eugenics program) is the only answer for survival."[127] The sequence where a young Clark's powers overwhelm him in grade school, leading to him shutting himself in a closet, has led many to speculate that DC Extended Universe Superman is either autistic or meant to represent the struggles of autism.[128][129]
Marketing
[edit]
Warner Bros. and DC Comics won the rights to the domain name manofsteel.com, in use by a member of the public, for use for the film's official website.[130] On November 20, 2012, for the release of The Dark Knight Rises DVD and Blu-ray, Warner Bros. launched a countdown on the film's website where fans could share the countdown on websites like Facebook or Twitter to unlock an "exclusive reward". On December 3, 2012, the "exclusive reward" was revealed to be an official Man of Steel teaser poster.[131] The poster, which depicts Superman being arrested, generated a positive response and much speculation about the film's story.[132] On December 10, 2012, a website appeared at dsrwproject.com that provided audio signals to be decoded by viewers. It was discovered to be related to the film due to the copyright on the website.[133] By December 11, 2012, the decoded message led readers to another website with a countdown that led to the public release of the trailer.[134][135] In anticipation of the film, Mattel unveiled a toy line which includes Movie Masters action figures. In addition, Lego released three Man of Steel sets, inspired by scenes from the film; Rubie's Costume Co. also released a new line of Man of Steel-inspired costumes and accessories for both kids and adults.[136] The film has reportedly earned over $160 million from promotional tie-ins.[137]
Viral marketing campaigns for the film began when the official website was replaced by "deep space radio waves". The message was decoded to reveal a voice that said "You Are Not Alone". The official site continued to be updated with new static files that slowly revealed the symbol for the film's villain, General Zod. Shortly after, the website was replaced with a "message" from Zod, who requested that Earth must return Kal-El to his custody and told Kal-El to surrender within 24 hours or the world would suffer the consequences.[138] A viral site called "IWillFindHim.com" was released that showed a countdown to the third trailer for the film.[139]
Warner Bros. enlisted Christian-based marketing firm Grace Hill Media to help spread the Christian themes of the film to the religious demographics. Special trailers were created outlining the religious tones, due to Hollywood studios frequently marketing movies to specific religious and cultural groups. Warner Bros. previously marketed films such as The Blind Side, The Notebook, The Book of Eli and the Harry Potter series to faith-based groups.[126][140] Warner Bros. also asked Professor Craig Detweiler of Pepperdine University to "create a Superman-centric sermon outline for pastors titled Jesus: The Original Superhero."[126] Regarding this, Paul Asay of The Washington Post wrote that "the religious themes keep coming: Free will. Sacrifice. God-given purpose. Man of Steel isn't just a movie. It's a Bible study in a cape. The messages are so strong that its marketers been [sic] explicitly pushing the film to Christian audiences."[125]
Release
[edit]
Man of Steel held a red carpet premiere at the Lincoln Center's Alice Tully Hall in New York City on June 10, 2013,[141] which featured the attendance of the principal cast members.[142] The film received a wide release on June 14, 2013.[143][144] The film was originally slated for release in December 2012, but it was pushed to the June 14, 2013, date to avoid competition with Warner Bros's other film The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, which was released on December 14, 2012.[145] It was released as a single-disc DVD (feature film only), on two-disc DVD with bonus features, and respective Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D combo packs on November 12, 2013,[146] and in the United Kingdom on December 2, 2013.[147] As of January 2019, Man of Steel has sold more than 2.3 million DVDs along with an estimated of 3.3 million Blu-ray Discs totaling $44.4 million and $76.2 million, respectively, for a total of $120.7 million in sales.[148] The film was later released in 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray format on July 19, 2016.[149]
Reception
[edit]
Box office
[edit]
Man of Steel grossed $291 million in the United States and Canada, and $377 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $668 million,[1] making it the highest-grossing solo Superman film of all time and the second-highest when adjusting for inflation.[150] It is also the second-highest-grossing reboot of all time behind The Amazing Spider-Man. Deadline Hollywood calculated the film's net profit as $42.7 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues, making it the ninth most profitable release of 2013.[7] The film earned $116.6 million on its opening weekend, including $17.5 million from IMAX theaters.[151] Man of Steel earned an additional $120 million from DVD and Blu-ray sales.[148]
Man of Steel made $12 million from a Thursday night Walmart screening program, and an additional $9 million from midnight shows.[152] This marked Warner Bros.' third-highest advance night/midnight opening, and the biggest advance night/midnight debut for a non-sequel.[153] The film eventually earned $44 million during its opening Friday (including midnight grosses) and $56.1 million when the Thursday night showings are included. The opening-day gross was the second-highest for a non-sequel, and the 20th-largest overall.[6] Its opening weekend gross of $116.6 million was the third-highest of 2013, behind Iron Man 3 ($174.1 million) and The Hunger Games: Catching Fire ($158.1 million), and the third-highest among non-sequels, behind Marvel's The Avengers ($207.4 million) and The Hunger Games ($152.5 million). It also broke Toy Story 3's record ($110.3 million) for the highest weekend debut in June (the record was again broken two years later by Jurassic World's opening gross of $208.8 million).[154][155] However, on its second weekend, Man of Steel's box office fell almost 65%–68% if the Thursday night gross is included—putting it in third place, behind Monsters University and World War Z. Box Office Mojo called it an "abnormally large drop," close to the second-weekend decline for Green Lantern.[156]
Man of Steel earned $73.3 million on its opening weekend from 24 countries, which includes $4.2 million from 79 IMAX theaters, setting a June opening-weekend record for IMAX.[151] The film set an opening-day record in the Philippines with $1.66 million.[151] In the United Kingdom, Ireland and Malta, the film earned $5.6 million on its opening day and £11.2 million ($17.47 million) on its opening weekend.[157][158] Its biggest opener outside the United States was in China, with $25.9 million in four days (Thursday to Sunday).[159] In total earnings, its three largest countries after North America are China ($63.4 million), the United Kingdom, Ireland and Malta ($46.2 million) and Australia ($22.3 million).[160]
Critical response
[edit]
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 56% based on 344 reviews and an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's consensus reads, "Man of Steel's exhilarating action and spectacle can't fully overcome its detours into generic blockbuster territory."[10] On Metacritic, the film received a weighted score of 55 out of 100 based on 47 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[161] Audience polls in North America from CinemaScore for the film tallied an average grade of an "A−" on an A+ to F scale, with those under the age of 18 and older than 50 giving it an "A".[157] Cavill's performance as Superman earned mixed reviews, with some critics commenting on perceived stiffness and a lack of charisma.[11]
Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times said that Man of Steel covered no new ground with regard to Superman films, and instead, "we're plunged back into a mostly-underwhelming film, with underdeveloped characters and supercharged-fight scenes that drag on and offer nothing new in the way of special-effects creativity".[162] The Boston Globe's Ty Burr wrote, "What's missing from this Superman saga is a sense of lightness, of pop joy".[163] The Washington Post's Ann Hornaday stated that with "Hans Zimmer's turgid, over-produced score", the film "is an exceptionally-unpleasant viewing experience".[164] For The Denver Post's Lisa Kennedy, the chief problem with Man of Steel is the "rhythm and balance in the storytelling and directing" which resulted in a film that swings "between destructive overstatement and flat-footed homilies."[165]
Kofi Outlaw, Editor-in-Chief at Screen Rant, gave Man of Steel a 4-out-of-5-star review, stating that "Man of Steel has more than earned its keep, and deserves to be THE iconic Superman movie for a whole new generation".[166] He would go on to name Man of Steel the best superhero movie of 2013.[167] Jim Vejvoda of IGN gave Man of Steel a 9 out of 10 while praising the action sequences and the performances of Kevin Costner, Russell Crowe and Michael Shannon.[168] The performance of Antje Traue as Superman's adversary Faora-Ul, particularly in the Smallville battle scenes, has also been lauded.[169][170] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave it 3 stars out of 4, saying, "Caught in the slipstream between action and angst, Man of Steel is a bumpy ride for sure. But there's no way to stay blind to its wonders."[171] Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter said rebooting the franchise was unnecessary, but that the film was confident enough and Snyder's attention to detail careful enough that audiences could overlook another reboot.[172] PopMatters journalist J.C. Maçek III, wrote, "The path of this flawed savior isn't quite the one that we have been led to expect and many fans will love that and many fans will decry its comic book-divergent choices. On the other hand, barring Lois Lane's own knowledge of the dual nature of Clark and Superman (thus depriving one of fiction's greatest reveals), the hero we see in the final moments of Man of Steel is nothing if not the character Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster created ... with just a bit more in the 'imperfections' column."[173] Steve Persall of the Tampa Bay Times stated that, "Man of Steel is more than just Avengers-sized escapism; it's an artistic introduction to a movie superhero we only thought we knew."[174] Time magazine's Richard Corliss said, "The movie finds its true, lofty footing not when it displays Kal-El's extraordinary powers, but when it dramatizes Clark Kent's roiling humanity. The super part of Man of Steel is just okay, but the man part is super."[175] In a review on Roger Ebert's website, Matt Zoller Seitz awarded the film three out of four stars, calling it an "astonishing movie" and praising the conflict between Clark and Zod. But he criticized the film for not having more personal and intimate moments between Clark and Lois.[176] In 2014, Empire ranked Man of Steel the 286th-greatest film ever made on their list of "The 301 Greatest Movies Of All Time" as voted by the magazine's readers.[177]
Speaking to Fox Business Channel, Grae Drake, senior editor of Rotten Tomatoes, expressed dismay over the critical reception, stating, "As much as I love and respect our critics at Rotten Tomatoes, I've got to say I am shocked. Listen, the movie's not perfect but ... I just cannot fathom it. It was a good movie, you guys."[178]
Reaction to the film among comics creators was mixed.[179] Those who enjoyed it include Jeff Parker, Heidi MacDonald, Ethan Van Sciver, Christos Gage and former Superman writer Dan Jurgens. Among its detractors were Joe Keatinge, Sean McKeever, Gabriel Hardman and Mark Waid. MacDonald praised the film's action, drama and leads Henry Cavill and Amy Adams. Van Sciver singled out Cavill in particular for praise. Gage called it the best Superman film since 1980's Superman II. Hardman said that he liked a lot of the mechanics but did not connect with the characters, which robbed the story of tension. Waid, who wrote the origin miniseries Superman: Birthright, criticized the film for its overall "joyless" tone, and for Superman's decision to kill Zod,[179][180] a criticism echoed by other creators. Writer Grant Morrison, who wrote the critically acclaimed miniseries All-Star Superman, expressed mixed reaction to the film, saying that while they "kinda liked it and kinda didn't", it did not present anything new, as they would have preferred a "second act" type story with Lex Luthor instead of re-establishing the character by presenting information Morrison is already familiar with. Morrison also questioned the need for a superhero to kill,[181] as did artist Neal Adams. Adams suggested that other alternatives were open to Superman when Zod threatened innocent people with his heat vision, such as covering his eyes. He also criticized Superman for not moving the battle away from Metropolis as the character did at the end of Superman II.[182] Jim Lee had a positive opinion: "It's epic. It's got a lot of heart, but one of the things that was kind of missing from the last Superman movie I think was the action, and this movie has it in spades. I mean it is a visual thrill ride. It is amazing. You get to see all the powers of Superman, and in all its glory, and I think people are going to be blown away."[183]
Accolades
[edit]
Award Date of ceremony Category Recipient(s) Result Ref. Annie Awards February 1, 2014 Outstanding Animated Effects - Live Action Jonathan Paquin, Brian Goodwin, Gray Horsfield, Mathieu Chardonnet, Adrien Toupet Nominated [184] British Academy Children's Awards November 25, 2013 BAFTA Kids' Vote – Feature Film Man of Steel Nominated [185] Critics' Choice Awards January 16, 2014 Best Actor in an Action Movie Henry Cavill Nominated [186] Golden Trailer Awards May 3, 2013 Summer 2013 Blockbuster Trailer Man of Steel Nominated [187] Best Summer 2013 Blockbuster Poster Won Best Teaser Poster Nominated May 30, 2014 Best Wildposts Nominated [188]
[189] Houston Film Critics Society December 15, 2013 Best Original Score Hans Zimmer Nominated [190] NewNowNext Awards June 17, 2013 Cause You're Hot Henry Cavill Nominated [191]
[192] Next Must-See Movie Man of Steel Won MTV Movie Awards April 13, 2014 Best Hero Henry Cavill Won [193] People's Choice Awards January 8, 2014 Favorite Dramatic Actress Amy Adams Nominated [194] Saturn Awards June 26, 2014 Best Comic-to-Film Motion Picture Man of Steel Nominated [195] Best Performance by a Younger Actor Dylan Sprayberry Nominated Best Special Effects Joe Letteri, John "DJ" Desjardin, Dan Lemmon Nominated Teen Choice Awards August 13, 2013 Choice Movie: Liplock Henry Cavill and Amy Adams Nominated [196] Choice Summer Movie: Action Man of Steel Nominated Choice Summer Movie Star: Male Henry Cavill Nominated Choice Summer Movie Star: Female Amy Adams Nominated Visual Effects Society February 12, 2014 Outstanding Virtual Cinematography in a Live Action Feature Motion Picture Daniel Paulsson, Edmund Kolloen, Joel Prager, David Stripinis Nominated [197] Outstanding FX and Simulation Animation in a Live Action Feature Motion Picture Brian Goodwin, Gray Horsfield, Mathieu Chardonnet, Adrien Toupet Nominated
Future
[edit]
DC Extended Universe
[edit]
Main article: DC Extended Universe
Warner Bros. began planning a cinematic universe featuring other DC Comics characters following the release of Man of Steel. In June 2013, Goyer was hired to write the film's sequel, along with the script for Justice League.[198] Zack Snyder revealed at San Diego Comic-Con the following month that Superman and Batman would appear in the sequel to Man of Steel, with Cavill, Adams, Lane and Fishburne set to reprise their roles.[199][200][201] The film's title, Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, was revealed in May 2014,[202] and it was theatrically released on March 25, 2016.[203]
Cancelled sequel
[edit]
A full slate of upcoming DC Comics-based films was announced by Warner Bros. Pictures in October 2014. The company also confirmed that a Superman film was in development, with Henry Cavill set to reprise his lead role.[204] Zack Snyder contemplated the inclusion of Brainiac, the Kryptonians, and even Metallo as possible antagonists for the sequel, but they were ultimately scrapped by April 2013 in favor of a plot with Batman as the villain. The film, Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, was released in 2016.[205][206][207][208]
In August 2016, TheWrap reported that a sequel to Man of Steel had entered active development.[209] Cavill's manager, Dany Garcia, confirmed that the actor would be involved.[210] The screenplay was still being developed that November according to Amy Adams.[211] Matthew Vaughn was Warner Bros.' top choice to direct the film as of March 2017.[212] Vaughn previously pitched an idea for a new Superman trilogy with comic book writer Mark Millar prior to the development of Man of Steel, in which the destruction of Krypton would take place after Superman had already grown-up on the planet.[213] The troubled production and lackluster box office earnings of Justice League (2017) led to a shake-up at Warner Bros., as the studio chose to rethink its approach to future DC projects.[214] By late 2017, the script for a Man of Steel sequel was still incomplete according to Justice League producer Charles Roven.[215]
In July 2018, prior to the release of Mission: Impossible – Fallout, director Christopher McQuarrie and co-star Cavill pitched their take on a new Superman film, but Warner Bros. did not pursue the idea.[216] James Gunn was approached later that year to write and direct a Superman film, but he chose instead to move forward with The Suicide Squad (2021).[217][218] Following contract issues with Cavill's scheduled cameo appearance in Shazam! (2019), as well as scheduling conflicts with his Fallout commitment,[219][220] it was reported that the actor may be parting ways with the studio.[219] In November 2019, however, Cavill maintained that he still had interest in reprising his role.[220] Warner Bros. remained unsure of the direction the character was heading and was in contact with "high-profile talent", including J. J. Abrams and Michael B. Jordan, with the latter pitching a Black version of the character.[221] Development on a Man of Steel sequel was abandoned by May 2020,[222] though Cavill remained in talks to appear in a future DC film.[223]
Reboot
[edit]
Main article: Superman (2025 film)
Warner Bros. revealed in October 2022 that a sequel to Man of Steel was being revisited, with Roven serving as a producer and Cavill reprising his role. The studio was still searching for writers, and McQuarrie was still on a list of possible directors.[224] Cavill then appeared in the post-credits scene of the DCEU film Black Adam (2022), and the potential for his return in future projects became more favorable.[225][226] Shortly after, Cavill's return as Superman in a future film was officially confirmed.[226][227] Steven Knight had written a script treatment around that time,[228] which reportedly included Brainiac as the antagonist.[226] However, there was a lack of interest in the script by Warner Bros. executives.[228] The following month, TheWrap reported that newly-appointed co-chairmen and co-CEOs of DC Studios James Gunn and Peter Safran were developing new plans for the DC Universe.[229][230][228] Gunn later revealed in December 2022 that the next Superman film would not include Cavill and would instead focus on a younger Superman.[231] He revealed more details in January 2023.[232]
See also
[edit]
List of films featuring extraterrestrials
References
[edit]
Bibliography
[edit]
Marrapodi, Eric. "Superman: Flying to a church near you Archived August 10, 2018, at the Wayback Machine". CNN. June 14, 2013.
Greg Cox (writer): Man of Steel (2013), ISBN 9781781165997 (Novelization)
|
||||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 59
|
https://academic.oup.com/book/28458/chapter/229039801
|
en
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null | ||||||||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 6
|
https://www.patheos.com/blogs/tinseltalk/2014/11/despite-its-title-stephen-hawkings-biopic-earns-an-incomplete/
|
en
|
Despite Its Title, Stephen Hawking’s Biopic Earns An “Incomplete”
|
[
"https://www.patheos.com/~/media/images/components/navigation/patheos/patheos-logo-header.png",
"https://media.patheos.com/~/media/patheos-images/images/components/icons/profile-icon.svg",
"https://www.patheos.com/~/media/images/components/navigation/patheos/patheos-logo-header.png",
"https://media.patheos.com/~/media/patheos-images/images/components/icons/profile-icon.svg",
"https://media.patheos.com/~/media/patheos-images/images/components/icons/Patheos-Facebook-Icon.svg",
"https://media.patheos.com/~/media/patheos-images/images/components/icons/Patheos-YouTube-Icon.svg",
"https://www.patheos.com/blogs/wp-content/themes/Patheos%20TwentySeventeen/assets/images/faith-icons/Digest-Icon-Book_Club.png",
"https://www.patheos.com/~/media/images/components/navigation/patheos/patheos-logo-header.png",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/62/2014/11/theory2-300x199.jpg",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/62/2014/11/theory1-300x200.jpg",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/62/2014/11/theory3-300x199.jpg",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/62/2014/11/theory4-300x200.jpg",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/62/2014/11/Screen-Shot-2014-11-26-at-2.16.33-PM-150x150.png",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/62/2014/12/interstellartrailer-e1415750299128-150x150.jpg",
"https://media.patheos.com/~/media/patheos-images/images/components/social/facebook.png",
"https://media.patheos.com/~/media/patheos-images/images/components/social/twitter.png",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/2222/2024/06/69eb68040267d9780a8e23f040b4cf4b-350x350.jpg",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/2216/2024/07/jesus-christ-PICRYL-350x350.jpg",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/1540/2023/12/muhammad-daudy-9dR7TDDwuiU-unsplash-2-350x350.jpg",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/2222/2024/06/image-2-350x350.webp",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/62/2014/12/492027159_640-e1419806519301.jpg",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/62/2014/12/interstellartrailer-e1415750299128-150x150.jpg",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/62/2014/11/Screen-Shot-2014-11-26-at-2.16.33-PM-150x150.png",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/62/2014/11/whiplash6-150x150.jpg",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/1467/2024/06/Pyrography_Gandalf_The_Grey-150x150.jpg",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/168/2024/07/wilken-1-150x150.jpg",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/1402/2021/03/pexels-marina-utrabo-1729808-150x150.jpg",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/186/2024/07/Sound_of_Hope_The_Story_of_Possum_Trot_Poster-150x150.jpg",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/950/2018/05/happy-couple-2-hispanic-couple-150x150.jpg",
"https://wp-media.patheos.com/blogs/sites/2087/2024/07/estee-janssens-aQfhbxailCs-unsplash-150x150.jpg",
"https://media.patheos.com/~/media/patheos-images/images/components/icons/Patheos-Facebook-Icon.svg",
"https://media.patheos.com/~/media/patheos-images/images/components/icons/Patheos-YouTube-Icon.svg",
"https://media.patheos.com/~/media/patheos-images/images/components/icons/profile-icon.svg",
"https://media.patheos.com/~/media/patheos-images/images/components/icons/profile-icon.svg",
"https://media.patheos.com/~/media/patheos-images/images/components/icons/Patheos-Facebook-Icon.svg",
"https://media.patheos.com/~/media/patheos-images/images/components/icons/Patheos-YouTube-Icon.svg",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1510929182549648&ev=PageView&eid=668be46a9ff2a&ud[fbp]=&ud[fbc]=&noscript=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Andrew Spitznas",
"www.facebook.com",
"Rebecca-Cusey"
] |
2014-11-30T23:05:31+00:00
|
“The Theory of Everything” features a remarkable lead performance by Eddie Redmayne, but falls short stylistically and biographically.
|
en
|
Tinsel
|
https://www.patheos.com/blogs/tinseltalk/2014/11/despite-its-title-stephen-hawkings-biopic-earns-an-incomplete/
|
Spoiler alert: significant plot revelations about Stephen and Jane Hawking’s marriage ahead!
And here I was, all geared up to adore The Theory of Everything. A biopic about one of our greatest living scientists, a noted freethinker who has transcended immense physical limitations and inspired millions? What’s not to love?
Well, for starters, let’s accentuate the positives. Topping the list of good stuff has to be Eddie Redmayne’s breakout performance as Stephen Hawking. As the film begins, Hawking is a daredevil bicyclist whose incipient motor neuron disease only shows itself subtly, in a bit of clumsiness with a coffee cup and a crabbed chalkboard scrawl. As The Theory of Everything progresses, so do the weaknesses and deficits in Hawking’s voluntary muscles. Redmayne truly amazes in portraying Hawking’s physical devolution, from being able to do a controlled slide down the stairs of his home and hobble slowly around Cambridge using two canes, until he requires a motorized wheelchair and can only communicate with his now universally-recognized artificial voice.
Quite admirable, too, is Felicity Jones as Jane, Hawking’s girlfriend then wife. Her demureness couches a mental toughness that allows her to withstand the rigors of joining the intellectually elitist Hawking family and push her man past the shock of his grim prognosis. In her devout Church of England adherence, she also good-naturedly endures Hawking’s playful ribbing about her faith and church attendance (he describes his love of cosmology as “religion for intelligent atheists” and God’s alleged sovereignty as “celestial dictatorship”).
Across years of marriage and child-rearing, the strain and fatigue of caring for a gravely ill spouse come through clearly in Jones’ depiction of Jane. I appreciate, too, the emotional authenticity of the Hawkings’ waning and wandering affection. As their neighbor Jonathan (Charlie Cox), local choir director and recently widowed, offers practical and moral support to overtaxed Jane, it’s unsurprising that romantic feelings spring up between them. Sad though it is, infidelity (or at least the temptation towards it) is remarkably common in marriage, yet most movies shy away from conveying this honestly and empathically.
But here’s where the flaws begin. Unfortunately, Stephen, Jane, and Jonathan are the only characters who are substantially fleshed out in The Theory of Everything. Stephen and Jane’s three children, in their running and bustling energy, are primarily served up as a counterpoint to Hawking’s limited mobility but never presented as distinct individuals. Hawking’s Cambridge classmates are scarcely named, let alone given personalities.
Dennis Sciama, Hawking’s doctoral advisor, was obviously an important figure in his mental development. However, the skilled actor David Thewlis is given little to do in playing him. Indeed, wearing black robes and roaming about ancient British academic buildings, we’re reminded that Thewlis served largely the same function for Harry Potter, yet sadly was given more emotional range as Professor Remus Lupin.
Director James Marsh’s stylistic choices also present problems. While I liked his use of grainy home movie-esque footage to bridge the passage of years, his manner of lighting his sets rapidly becomes distracting. Way too many scenes are lit up as if taking place either at dawn or in the gloaming. I’m not sure what Marsh was trying to achieve with this: perhaps a Dead Poets Society type of romanticism, or maybe haloing Hawking as a secular saint? I suspect a bit of both.
Most damaging to this film, however, are the biographical omissions. As noted above, I appreciate The Theory of Everything’s forthrightness in showing us Jane’s infidelity. Strangely, though, the film becomes cagey around Hawking’s extramarital conduct. Even a quick jog around the internet reveals that Hawking is far from a saint, sometimes displaying drastic mood swings, bullying arrogance, and childish boorishness. This Vanity Fair article is an excellent source of background information; don’t overlook the details about his second marriage and the identity of his second wife Elaine’s first husband. (Unsurprisingly, too, for the many who’ve attempted and failed religiously mixed marriages, the differences between Hawking and Jane were not always expressed as sweetly as this film would have us believe.)
What’s good for the goose is good for the gander. If a biopic is going to show us Jane’s flaws, an impartial film will share Hawking’s shortcomings, too. If Hawking is uncomfortable with this, then perhaps The Theory of Everything should’ve either focused only on his scientific achievements or waited until the principal players are long deceased.
I suspect the truth about Hawking’s character resides somewhere between The Theory of Everything and his Vanity Fair profile. Heck, Hawking has been willing to playfully skewer his celebrity in self-deprecating guest roles on The Simpsons and The Big Bang Theory, so he obviously has a decent sense of humor about himself. But director James Marsh’s choice to sanitize Hawking and bathe him in a saintly glow leaves me wondering if even we freethinkers (questers after unvarnished Truth, no matter how painful, right?) feel uncomfortable with the reality that our godless heroes possess feet of clay.
3 out of 5 stars
(Parents’ guide: The Theory of Everything is rated PG-13 for “some thematic elements and suggestive material,” which seems about right to me.)
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 50
|
https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a825774/marvel-cinematic-universe-in-chronological-order/
|
en
|
Marvel in order: How to watch MCU in chronological and release order
|
[
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/search.f1c199c.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/close.38e3324.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/digitalspy/static/images/logos/logo.9d2bac0.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/play.db7c035.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/deadpool-and-wolverine-trailer-6626602528a88.jpg?crop=0.726xw:1.00xh;0.122xw,0&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/deadpool-and-wolverine-trailer-6626602528a88.jpg?crop=0.726xw:1.00xh;0.122xw,0&resize=980:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/deadpool-and-wolverine-trailer-6626602528a88.jpg?crop=0.726xw:1.00xh;0.122xw,0&resize=1200:* 1120w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/ryan-reynolds-hugh-jackman-deadpool-wolverine-66602ad4ac63c.jpg?resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/ryan-reynolds-hugh-jackman-deadpool-wolverine-66602ad4ac63c.jpg?resize=768:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/ryan-reynolds-hugh-jackman-deadpool-wolverine-66602ad4ac63c.jpg?resize=980:* 1120w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/deadpool-and-wolverine-official-trailer-66266025249c8.jpg?resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/deadpool-and-wolverine-official-trailer-66266025249c8.jpg?resize=768:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/deadpool-and-wolverine-official-trailer-66266025249c8.jpg?resize=980:* 1120w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/hugh-jackman-ryan-reynolds-dogpool-deadpool-and-wolverine-669545e8e16e4.jpg?resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/hugh-jackman-ryan-reynolds-dogpool-deadpool-and-wolverine-669545e8e16e4.jpg?resize=768:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/hugh-jackman-ryan-reynolds-dogpool-deadpool-and-wolverine-669545e8e16e4.jpg?resize=980:* 1120w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/sophia-di-martino-sylvie-tom-hiddleston-loki-season-2-654dfad7982e6.jpg?resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/sophia-di-martino-sylvie-tom-hiddleston-loki-season-2-654dfad7982e6.jpg?resize=768:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/sophia-di-martino-sylvie-tom-hiddleston-loki-season-2-654dfad7982e6.jpg?resize=980:* 1120w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/zawe-ashton-the-marvels-654505165b4ae.jpg?resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/zawe-ashton-the-marvels-654505165b4ae.jpg?resize=768:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/zawe-ashton-the-marvels-654505165b4ae.jpg?resize=980:* 1120w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/ryan-reynolds-hugh-jackman-deadpool-and-wolverine-669545e913c33.jpg?resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/ryan-reynolds-hugh-jackman-deadpool-and-wolverine-669545e913c33.jpg?resize=768:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/ryan-reynolds-hugh-jackman-deadpool-and-wolverine-669545e913c33.jpg?resize=980:* 1120w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1721658959-maura-tierney-twisters-tshirt-669649501bb6a.jpg?crop=1.00xw:0.668xh;0,0.174xh&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1721658959-maura-tierney-twisters-tshirt-669649501bb6a.jpg?crop=1.00xw:0.668xh;0,0.174xh&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1722885056-tom-daley-paris-olympics-2024-66a7a7e103996.jpg?crop=0.811xw:0.612xh;0.156xw,0.0353xh&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1722885056-tom-daley-paris-olympics-2024-66a7a7e103996.jpg?crop=0.811xw:0.612xh;0.156xw,0.0353xh&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/digitalspy/static/images/badges/best-seller.10380ea.svg",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1701265468-ps5-bundles-655f6506b008c.jpg?crop=0.609xw:0.813xh;0.214xw,0.102xh&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1701265468-ps5-bundles-655f6506b008c.jpg?crop=0.609xw:0.813xh;0.214xw,0.102xh&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1715169578-amazon-music-unlimited-663b68f63f55b.jpg?crop=1xw:1xh;center,top&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1715169578-amazon-music-unlimited-663b68f63f55b.jpg?crop=1xw:1xh;center,top&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1721657553-deadpool-and-wolverine-poster-65c9edfcdd658.jpg?crop=1.00xw:0.677xh;0,0.0396xh&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1721657553-deadpool-and-wolverine-poster-65c9edfcdd658.jpg?crop=1.00xw:0.677xh;0,0.0396xh&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1721299272-thursday-murder-club-richard-osman-6698f133ceb3e.jpg?crop=1xw:1xh;center,top&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1721299272-thursday-murder-club-richard-osman-6698f133ceb3e.jpg?crop=1xw:1xh;center,top&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1718195818-jake-gyllenhaal-presumed-innocent-666996465d1d8.jpg?crop=0.668xw:1.00xh;0.296xw,0&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1718195818-jake-gyllenhaal-presumed-innocent-666996465d1d8.jpg?crop=0.668xw:1.00xh;0.296xw,0&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1718195550-amandla-stenberg-the-acolyte-666819510d615.jpg?crop=0.381xw:0.907xh;0.459xw,0.0581xh&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1718195550-amandla-stenberg-the-acolyte-666819510d615.jpg?crop=0.381xw:0.907xh;0.459xw,0.0581xh&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1720620820-75398_boxprod_v39_sha.jpg?crop=1xw:1.00xh;center,top&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1720620820-75398_boxprod_v39_sha.jpg?crop=1xw:1.00xh;center,top&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1713356093-alison-hammond-the-great-celebrity-bake-off-for-su2c-series-7-66151feac5720.jpg?crop=0.782xw:0.440xh;0.120xw,0.226xh&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1713356093-alison-hammond-the-great-celebrity-bake-off-for-su2c-series-7-66151feac5720.jpg?crop=0.782xw:0.440xh;0.120xw,0.226xh&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/digitalspy/static/images/badges/best-seller.10380ea.svg",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1710939627-ben-shephard-cat-deeley-this-morning-65f9679872cee.jpg?crop=1xw:1.00xh;center,top&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1710939627-ben-shephard-cat-deeley-this-morning-65f9679872cee.jpg?crop=1xw:1.00xh;center,top&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/digitalspy/static/images/badges/best-seller.10380ea.svg",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1650882200-sky-glass-tv-blue-logo-1634036179.jpg?crop=0.564xw:1.00xh;0.219xw,0&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vader-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/1650882200-sky-glass-tv-blue-logo-1634036179.jpg?crop=0.564xw:1.00xh;0.219xw,0&resize=980:* 980w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/rover/profile_photos/a89a3678-45ec-4a46-87f2-e777e4755ac0_1550228492.file?fill=1:1&resize=120:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/sasha-lane-glen-powell-twisters-668bf4cad117f.jpg?crop=0.380xw:0.600xh;0.381xw,0.246xh&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/blake-lively-justin-baldoni-it-ends-with-us-66310b76480d1.jpg?crop=0.529xw:0.791xh;0.0753xw,0.0409xh&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/josef-newgarden-indy-500-666b2061bb5c6.jpg?crop=0.669xw:1.00xh;0.166xw,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/kylian-mbappe-real-madrid-66b9e01f46a87.jpg?crop=0.671xw:1.00xh;0.166xw,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/inside-out-2-joy-anxiety-66598a01ce8c0.jpg?crop=0.461xw:0.934xh;0.191xw,0.0662xh&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/matt-damon-casey-affleck-the-instigators-666afd3e2229a.jpg?crop=0.428xw:0.639xh;0.0962xw,0.0264xh&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/lionel-messi-inter-miami-64c775c770b7b.jpeg?crop=0.691xw:0.916xh;0.174xw,0.0841xh&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/deadpool-and-wolverine-hugh-jackman-669545e8f1aab.jpg?crop=0.415xw:0.621xh;0.301xw,0.0318xh&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/jannik-sinner-australian-open-2024-6644aafa90e01.jpeg?crop=0.668xw:1.00xh;0.167xw,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/norwich-city-borja-sainz-gabriel-sara-66a7a6adacbee.jpg?crop=0.226xw:0.339xh;0.407xw,0.105xh&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/pep-guardiola-man-city-premier-league-trophy-66714939c8b2b.jpg?crop=0.668xw:1.00xh;0.167xw,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/mia-goth-elizabeth-debicki-maxxine-6675a858dfe1a.jpg?crop=0.568xw:0.851xh;0.207xw,0.0293xh&resize=360:*",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/digitalspy/static/images/logos/logo.9d2bac0.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/x.3361b6d.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/tiktok.603c377.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/youtube.ce3e1ae.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/facebook.a5a3a69.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/whatsapp.0b87160.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/instagram.f282b14.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/en-gb/static/images/logos/network-logo.eae65ae.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://www.digitalspy.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/images/logos/ipso-regulated.9922b5a.svg?primary=%2523ffffff"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"TV",
"Movies",
"Entertainment"
] | null |
[
"Ian Sandwell"
] |
2018-10-19T09:14:00+00:00
|
Deadpool & Wolverine has arrived, so here's where it's set in the MCU timeline and how to watch the entire MCU in chronological and release order.
|
en
|
/_assets/design-tokens/digitalspy/static/images/favicon.b8735b8.ico
|
Digital Spy
|
https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/a825774/marvel-cinematic-universe-in-chronological-order/
|
Deadpool & Wolverine brings the X-Men and MCU universes together in the biggest way yet, but you might be a bit confused as to where it exactly fits.
Luckily, the movie makes it easy to place as after a flashback to March 2018 in Earth-616 (shortly after the events of Deadpool 2), the majority of the movie takes place six years later around March 2024 in Earth-10005.
According to the official MCU timeline, that means Deadpool & Wolverine takes place around the events of Shang-Chi and The Falcon and the Winter Soldier in spring 2024.
Even though Deadpool & Wolverine is an MCU movie, the previous two Deadpool movies and the X-Men movies aren't officially part of the MCU, so you'll need to check out our X-Men movies in order guide for those.
If you did want to rewatch the entire MCU ahead of Deadpool & Wolverine (good luck doing that at this stage), we're here to help with the definitive guide of how to watch the entire MCU in order, including movies, TV shows, TV specials and One-Shot shorts.
(While we've got you, were you looking for Star Wars' timeline? We've got that covered. X-Men's movie order? Help yourself. What about DC Comics movies' chronological order? Easy peasy. All the Spider-Man movies? We've got them all caught up in a web.)
(Oh, and if you're wondering why we haven't included Venom: Let There Be Carnage and Morbius it's because even though their credit scenes feature MCU crossovers, the movies themselves aren't MCU movies.)
What is the correct order of the MCU?
Before you start on your MCU rewatch, you might be wondering if there's a 'correct order' to watch every movie and TV show released to date.
In short, there's not really a correct order and it's kind of up to you to decide the best way to tackle the MCU.
There are a couple of main ways to approach an MCU rewatch though if you want to have some sense of order.
You can either watch everything in the order they were released, or you can watch everything in chronological order which will require some jumping around the various Marvel Phases.
How to watch MCU in release order
If you want the easiest way to watch the entire MCU to date, then stick with the release order – although there are obviously still a lot of movies and TV shows to get through with this method.
You could slim down this list by not watching Agents of SHIELD or the Netflix shows as even though they are part of the MCU with recurring characters, it's now official that they're not part of the Sacred Timeline of the MCU. Instead, they take place in other timelines, but they're still canon.
(Yes, we know that the likes of Charlie Cox and Vincent D'Onofrio are back as Daredevil and Kingpin, but just don't think about it too much.)
This all changed on the TV side from Phase 4 onwards as any show after WandaVision was very much part of the MCU, sometimes critical even to understanding what happened in the movies they were connected to.
In the following list, movies are in bold type, shorts are in italics and TV shows and one-off specials are neither.
(We've left X-Men '97 off this list as it's not technically part of the MCU and is a continuation of the original '90s series instead. If you want to include it anyway, it ran from March-May 2024.)
1. Iron Man (May 2008)
2. The Incredible Hulk (June 2008)
3. Iron Man 2 (April 2010)
4. Thor (April 2011)
5. Captain America: The First Avenger (July 2011)
6. The Consultant one-shot on the Thor DVD (September 2011)
7. A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Thor's Hammer one-shot on the Captain America: The First Avenger DVD (October 2011)
8. The Avengers (aka Avengers Assemble) (April 2012)
9. Item 47 one-shot on the Avengers Assemble DVD (September 2012)
10. Iron Man 3 (April 2013)
11. Agent Carter one-shot on Iron Man 3 DVD (September 2013)
12. Agents of SHIELD season 1 (September 2013 – May 2014)
13. Thor: The Dark World (November 2013)
14. All Hail the King one-shot on the Thor: The Dark World DVD (February 2014)
15. Captain America: The Winter Soldier (March 2014)
16. Guardians of the Galaxy (July 2014)
17. Agents of SHIELD season 2 (September 2014 – May 2015)
18. Agent Carter season 1 (January 2015 – February 2015)
19. Daredevil season 1 (April 2015)
20. Avengers: Age of Ultron (April 2015)
21. Ant-Man (July 2015)
22. Agents of SHIELD season 3 (September 2015 – May 2016)
23. Jessica Jones season 1 (November 2015)
24. Agent Carter season 2 (January 2016 – February 2016)
25. Daredevil season 2 (March 2016)
26. Captain America: Civil War (April 2016)
27. Agents of SHIELD season 4 (September 2016 – May 2017)
28. Luke Cage season 1 (September 2016)
29. Doctor Strange (October 2016)
30. Iron Fist season 1 (March 2017)
31. Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 2 (April 2017)
32. Spider-Man: Homecoming (July 2017)
33. The Defenders season 1 (August 2017)
34. Inhumans season 1 (September 2017 – November 2017)
35. Thor: Ragnarok (October 2017)
36. The Punisher season 1 (November 2017)
37. Runaways season 1 (November 2017 – January 2018)
38. Agents of SHIELD season 5 (December 2017 – May 2018)
39. Black Panther (February 2018)
40. Jessica Jones season 2 (March 2018)
41. Avengers: Infinity War (April 2018)
42. Cloak & Dagger season 1 (June 2018 – August 2018)
43. Luke Cage season 2 (June 2018)
44. Ant-Man and the Wasp (July 2018)
45. Iron Fist season 2 (September 2018)
46. Daredevil season 3 (October 2018)
47. Runaways season 2 (December 2018)
48. The Punisher season 2 (January 2019)
49. Captain Marvel (March 2019)
50. Cloak & Dagger season 2 (April 2019 – May 2019)
51. Avengers: Endgame (April 2019)
52. Agents of SHIELD season 6 (May 2019 – August 2019)
53. Jessica Jones season 3 (June 2019)
54. Spider-Man: Far From Home (July 2019)
55. Runaways season 3 (December 2019)
56. Agents of SHIELD season 7 (May 2020 – August 2020)
57. Helstrom (October 2020)
58. WandaVision (January 2021 – March 2021)
59. The Falcon and the Winter Soldier (March 2021 – April 2021)
60. Loki (June 2021 – July 2021)
61. Black Widow (July 2021)
62. What If...? season 1 (August 2021 – October 2021)
63. Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (September 2021)
64. Eternals (November 2021)
65. Hawkeye (November 2021 – December 2021)
66. Spider-Man: No Way Home (December 2021)
67. Moon Knight (March 2022 – May 2022)
68. Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (May 2022)
69. Ms Marvel (June 2022 – July 2022)
70. Thor: Love and Thunder (July 2022)
71. I Am Groot season 1 (August 2022)
72. She-Hulk: Attorney at Law (August 2022 – October 2022)
73. Werewolf By Night (October 2022)
74. Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (November 2022)
75. The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special (November 2022)
76. Ant-Man and The Wasp: Quantumania (February 2023)
77. Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 3 (May 2023)
78. Secret Invasion (June 2023 – July 2023)
79. I Am Groot season 2 (September 2023)
80. Loki season 2 (October 2023 – November 2023)
81. The Marvels (November 2023)
82. What If...? season 2 (December 2023) 83. Echo (January 2024)
84. Deadpool & Wolverine (July 2024)
MCU timeline: How to watch the MCU in chronological order
This is the ultimate watch order for MCU completists to watch events of the MCU play out in chronological order, but there are some rules we've had to impose to make it as straightforward as possible.
If something takes place in multiple time periods, such as Eternals, we've put it where the bulk of the movie or TV show takes place.
As for The Marvels, it picks up straight after the credit scene of Ms Marvel, but it's also definitely after Secret Invasion as Nick Fury is back up in space on SABER station which means that, chronologically speaking, The Marvels is the latest MCU outing.
Deadpool & Wolverine technically takes place before the majority of Phase 4 in March 2024, but given that the movie features gags about the Multiverse, you could also watch it after everything else as there's no real connection to wider MCU events.
We'd also suggest watching both seasons of Loki after Avengers: Endgame, not only because that's when 2012's Loki breaks off into his own timeline, but also because the events of the second season establish how the multiverse was created which is a major part of Phase 4 onwards.
What If...? also exists in its own space and could technically be watched any time given that it involves multiple universes and timelines.
The same goes for the second season, so we've popped them next to each other on the chronological order, but you could really watch any of the episodes at any time during your marathon MCU watch.
We'd suggest watching What If...? after Loki though, as that's the show that introduces the multiverse to the MCU.
And don't even get us started on Agents of SHIELD's final season, which mostly took place in an alternate timeline before eventually merging back with the main MCU timeline. For the sake of ease, watch it all after season six, and it'll make as much sense.
X-Men '97 was confirmed to be its "own thing" by showrunner Beau DeMayo (who has since been let go by Marvel) so we've left it off the chronological order timeline as it doesn't cross over with the main MCU (at least, not yet).
But aside from that, it's generally pretty straightforward even when the multiverse comes into play.
As with the release order list, movies are in bold type, shorts are in italics and TV shows and one-off specials are neither.
1. Captain America: The First Avenger
2. Agent Carter (one-shot on Iron Man 3 DVD)
3. Agent Carter (season 1)
4. Agent Carter (season 2)
5. Captain Marvel (mid-credit scene set after Infinity War)
6. Iron Man
7. Iron Man 2
8. The Incredible Hulk
9. The Consultant (one-shot on the Thor DVD)
10. A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Thor's Hammer (one-shot on the Captain America: The First Avenger DVD)
11. Thor
12. The Avengers (aka Avengers Assemble in some regions)
13. Item 47 (one-shot on the Avengers Assemble DVD)
14. Agents of SHIELD (season 1, eps 1-7)
15. Thor: The Dark World
16. Agents of SHIELD (season 1, eps 8-16)
17. Iron Man 3
18. All Hail the King (one-shot on the Thor: The Dark World DVD)
19. Captain America: The Winter Soldier
20. Agents of SHIELD (season 1, eps 17-22)
21. Guardians of the Galaxy
22. Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 2
23. I Am Groot (season 1)
24. I Am Groot (season 2)
25. Daredevil (season 1)
26. Agents of SHIELD (season 2, eps 1-10)
27. Jessica Jones (season 1)
28. Agents of SHIELD (season 2, eps 11-19)
29. Avengers: Age of Ultron
30. Agents of SHIELD (season 2, eps 20-22)
31. Daredevil (season 2, eps 1-4)
32. Luke Cage (season 1, eps 1-4)
33. Daredevil (season 2, eps 5-11)
34. Luke Cage (season 1, eps 5-8)
35. Daredevil (season 2, eps 12-13)
36. Luke Cage (season 1, eps 9-13)
37. Ant-Man
38. Agents of SHIELD (season 3, eps 1-10)
39. Agents of SHIELD (season 3, eps 11-19 – split due to new story arc)
40. Iron Fist (season 1)
41. Captain America: Civil War
42. Team Thor (one-shot on the Captain America: Civil War DVD)
43. Team Thor: Part 2 (one-shot on the Doctor Strange DVD)
44. Black Widow (watch credits scene after Avengers: Endgame)
45. Agents of SHIELD (season 3, eps 20-22)
46. The Defenders (season 1)
47. Agents of SHIELD (season 4, eps 1-6)
48. Doctor Strange
49. Black Panther
50. Agents of SHIELD (season 4, eps 7-8)
51. Agents of SHIELD: Slingshot (season 1, eps 1-6)
52. Agents of SHIELD (season 4, eps 9-22)
53. Spider-Man: Homecoming
54. Thor: Ragnarok
55. Team Darryl (one-shot on the Thor: Ragnarok DVD)
56. Inhumans (season 1)
57. The Punisher (season 1)
58. Runaways (season 1)
59. Agents of SHIELD (season 5, eps 1-10) – allowing for time travel craziness
60. Jessica Jones (season 2)
61. Agents of SHIELD (season 5, eps 11-18)
62. Cloak & Dagger (season 1)
63. Cloak & Dagger (season 2)
64. Luke Cage (season 2)
65. Iron Fist (season 2)
66. Daredevil (season 3)
67. Runaways (season 2)
68. The Punisher (season 2)
69. Jessica Jones (season 3)
70. Ant-Man and the Wasp (watch credits scene after Infinity War)
71. Avengers: Infinity War
72. Agents of SHIELD (season 5, eps 19-22) – concurrent with Infinity War
73. Agents of SHIELD (season 6) – takes place in Endgame's five-year time jump
74. Agents of SHIELD (season 7) – takes place in Endgame's five-year time jump
75. Runaways (season 3) – seems to take place post-Snap mostly
76. Avengers: Endgame
77. Loki (season 1) (allowing for timey-wimey, alternate timeline weirdness)
78. Loki (season 2)
79. What If...? (season 1)
80. What If...? (season 2)
81. WandaVision
82. Deadpool & Wolverine
83. Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings
84. The Falcon and the Winter Soldier
85. Eternals
86. Spider-Man: Far From Home
87. Spider-Man: No Way Home
88. Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness
89. Hawkeye
90. Moon Knight
91. Black Panther: Wakanda Forever
92. Echo
93. She-Hulk: Attorney at Law
94. Ms Marvel
95. Thor: Love and Thunder
96. Werewolf by Night 97. The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special
98. Ant-Man and The Wasp: Quantumania
99. Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 3
100. Secret Invasion
101. The Marvels
How to watch Marvel movies in order
Not interested in the TV shows of the MCU? We get it. There's only so many hours in the day, after all, so we've simplified the timeline to just focus on the movies.
We've stuck to the release order here so if you're a total newcomer to the Marvel universe, you can watch the series as everybody else did. If you want to go in timeline order, then just refer to the movies in the chronological order above.
(With just movies in this list, we've done away with the bold and italic formatting as there's no need to differentiate between them.)
Phase 1
1. Iron Man (May 2008)
2. The Incredible Hulk (June 2008)
3. Iron Man 2 (April 2010)
4. Thor (April 2011)
5. Captain America: The First Avenger (July 2011)
6. The Avengers (aka Avengers Assemble) (April 2012)
Phase 2
7. Iron Man 3 (April 2013)
8. Thor: The Dark World (November 2013)
9. Captain America: The Winter Soldier (March 2014)
10. Guardians of the Galaxy (July 2014)
11. Avengers: Age of Ultron (April 2015)
12. Ant-Man (July 2015)
Phase 3
13. Captain America: Civil War (April 2016)
14. Doctor Strange (October 2016)
15. Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 2 (April 2017)
16. Spider-Man: Homecoming (July 2017)
17. Thor: Ragnarok (October 2017)
18. Black Panther (February 2018)
19. Avengers: Infinity War (April 2018)
20. Ant-Man and the Wasp (July 2018)
21. Captain Marvel (March 2019)
22. Avengers: Endgame (April 2019)
23. Spider-Man: Far From Home (July 2019)
Phase 4
24. Black Widow (July 2021)
25. Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (September 2021)
26. Eternals (November 2021)
27. Spider-Man: No Way Home (December 2021)
28. Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (May 2022)
29. Thor: Love and Thunder (July 2022)
30. Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (November 2022)
Phase 5
31. Ant-Man and The Wasp: Quantumania (February 2023)
32. Guardians of the Galaxy Vol 3 (May 2023)
33. The Marvels (November 2023)
34. Deadpool & Wolverine (July 2024)
Upcoming MCU movies and TV shows
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 46
|
https://www.ssa.gov/oact/babynames/index.html
|
en
|
Popular Baby Names
|
[
"https://www.ssa.gov/oact/babynames/assets/images/popularity.svg",
"https://www.ssa.gov/oact/babynames/assets/images/top5.svg",
"https://www.ssa.gov/oact/babynames/assets/images/decade.svg",
"https://www.ssa.gov/oact/babynames/assets/images/state.svg",
"https://www.ssa.gov/oact/babynames/assets/images/territory.svg",
"https://www.ssa.gov/oact/babynames/assets/images/myss.jpg",
"https://www.ssa.gov/oact/babynames/assets/images/protect-your-family.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Home Page for Baby Names
|
en
| null |
Social Security is with you from day one, which makes us the source for the most popular baby names and more!
Learn How to Get Baby's First Number What Every Parent Should Know
Subscribe to Baby Names
Popular Names by Birth Year
Enter the Year and Popularity for a List of the Most Popular Names
Any year after 1879
Birth Year
Popularity
Name rankings may include: Percent of total births
Number of births
Open Your Personal my Social Security Account
Open an account today to view estimates of the retirement, disability, and survivors benefits you and your growing family may be eligible for in the future. Already receiving benefits? Use your account to check and manage your benefits, and much more!
Create Your Account
See How Social Security Protects Your Family
We offer a wide range of resources for families with children. When a parent becomes disabled or dies, we have programs and benefits to help secure the family's financial future.
Benefits for Children Parents and Guardians
|
||||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 13
|
https://www.history.com/news/7-things-you-didnt-know-about-stephen-hawking
|
en
|
7 Things You Didn’t Know About Stephen Hawking
|
[
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=3005002&cs_ucfr=1&cv=3.6&cj=1",
"https://www.history.com/assets/images/history/logo.svg",
"https://www.history.com/assets/images/history/logo.svg",
"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2018/03/7-things-you-didnt-know-about-stephen-hawkings-featured-photo.jpg?width=640&height=426.66666666666663&crop=640%3A426.66666666666663%2Csmart&quality=75&auto=webp 640w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2018/03/7-things-you-didnt-know-about-stephen-hawkings-featured-photo.jpg?width=750&height=500&crop=750%3A500%2Csmart&quality=75&auto=webp 750w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2018/03/7-things-you-didnt-know-about-stephen-hawkings-featured-photo.jpg?width=828&height=552&crop=828%3A552%2Csmart&quality=75&auto=webp 828w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2018/03/7-things-you-didnt-know-about-stephen-hawkings-featured-photo.jpg?width=1080&height=540&crop=1080%3A540%2Csmart&quality=75&auto=webp 1080w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2018/03/7-things-you-didnt-know-about-stephen-hawkings-featured-photo.jpg?width=1248&height=624&crop=1248%3A624%2Csmart&quality=75&auto=webp 1248w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2018/03/7-things-you-didnt-know-about-stephen-hawkings-featured-photo.jpg?width=1920&height=960&crop=1920%3A960%2Csmart&quality=75&auto=webp 1920w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2018/03/7-things-you-didnt-know-about-stephen-hawkings-featured-photo.jpg?width=2048&height=1024&crop=2048%3A1024%2Csmart&quality=75&auto=webp 2048w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2018/03/7-things-you-didnt-know-about-stephen-hawkings-featured-photo.jpg?width=3840&height=1920&crop=3840%3A1920%2Csmart&quality=75&auto=webp 3840w",
"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2018/03/cosmologist-stephen-hawking-on-october.jpg?width=1080&height=608&crop=1080%3A608%2Csmart&quality=75&auto=webp 1x, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2018/03/cosmologist-stephen-hawking-on-october.jpg?width=2048&height=1152&crop=2048%3A1152%2Csmart&quality=75&auto=webp 2x",
"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2018/03/professor-stephen-hawking-giving-a.jpg?width=1080&height=721&crop=1080%3A721%2Csmart&quality=75&auto=webp 1x, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2018/03/professor-stephen-hawking-giving-a.jpg?width=2048&height=1368&crop=2048%3A1368%2Csmart&quality=75&auto=webp 2x",
"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2018/03/professor-stephen-hawking-his-wife.jpg?width=1080&height=608&crop=1080%3A608%2Csmart&quality=75&auto=webp 1x, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2018/03/professor-stephen-hawking-his-wife.jpg?width=2048&height=1152&crop=2048%3A1152%2Csmart&quality=75&auto=webp 2x",
"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/08/Becky-Little.jpg?width=16&quality=75&auto=webp 16w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/08/Becky-Little.jpg?width=32&quality=75&auto=webp 32w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/08/Becky-Little.jpg?width=48&quality=75&auto=webp 48w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/08/Becky-Little.jpg?width=64&quality=75&auto=webp 64w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/08/Becky-Little.jpg?width=96&quality=75&auto=webp 96w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/08/Becky-Little.jpg?width=128&quality=75&auto=webp 128w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/08/Becky-Little.jpg?width=256&quality=75&auto=webp 256w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/08/Becky-Little.jpg?width=392&quality=75&auto=webp 392w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/08/Becky-Little.jpg?width=640&quality=75&auto=webp 640w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/08/Becky-Little.jpg?width=750&quality=75&auto=webp 750w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/08/Becky-Little.jpg?width=828&quality=75&auto=webp 828w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/08/Becky-Little.jpg?width=1080&quality=75&auto=webp 1080w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/08/Becky-Little.jpg?width=1248&quality=75&auto=webp 1248w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/08/Becky-Little.jpg?width=1920&quality=75&auto=webp 1920w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/08/Becky-Little.jpg?width=2048&quality=75&auto=webp 2048w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2023/08/Becky-Little.jpg?width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp 3840w",
"https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/06/IHBANNER-1.jpg?width=16&quality=75&auto=webp 16w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/06/IHBANNER-1.jpg?width=32&quality=75&auto=webp 32w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/06/IHBANNER-1.jpg?width=48&quality=75&auto=webp 48w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/06/IHBANNER-1.jpg?width=64&quality=75&auto=webp 64w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/06/IHBANNER-1.jpg?width=96&quality=75&auto=webp 96w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/06/IHBANNER-1.jpg?width=128&quality=75&auto=webp 128w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/06/IHBANNER-1.jpg?width=256&quality=75&auto=webp 256w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/06/IHBANNER-1.jpg?width=392&quality=75&auto=webp 392w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/06/IHBANNER-1.jpg?width=640&quality=75&auto=webp 640w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/06/IHBANNER-1.jpg?width=750&quality=75&auto=webp 750w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/06/IHBANNER-1.jpg?width=828&quality=75&auto=webp 828w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/06/IHBANNER-1.jpg?width=1080&quality=75&auto=webp 1080w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/06/IHBANNER-1.jpg?width=1248&quality=75&auto=webp 1248w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/06/IHBANNER-1.jpg?width=1920&quality=75&auto=webp 1920w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/06/IHBANNER-1.jpg?width=2048&quality=75&auto=webp 2048w, https://assets.editorial.aetnd.com/uploads/2024/06/IHBANNER-1.jpg?width=3840&quality=75&auto=webp 3840w"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Becky Little"
] |
2018-03-14T18:56:39+00:00
|
Little known facts about the astronomical life of author, cosmologist and physicist Stephen Hawking.
|
en
|
HISTORY
|
https://www.history.com/news/7-things-you-didnt-know-about-stephen-hawking
|
Renowned physicist Stephen Hawking died on March 14, 2018—also known as Pi Day—at age 76. The scientist stands out for his significant contributions to the field of cosmology, the study of the origin and development of the universe. During his career, Hawking became a cultural icon who tried to make scientific concepts accessible to the wider community.
His 1988 book, A Brief History of Time, set a Guinness World Record by staying on the Sunday Times best-seller list for four and a half years. Still, the book’s discussion of concepts like time, space, black holes, and the Big Bang proved to be a bit complex for non-scientists, and Hawking liked to joke that it was the least-read, most-purchased book in history. That’s why in 2005, he published a more accessible version of the original called A Briefer History of Time.
Hawking was so well-known that during his lifetime, he appeared on TV shows like Star Trek, The Simpsons, The Big Bang Theory, and Last Week Tonight with John Oliver. In addition, actor Eddie Redmayne won an Oscar for his portrayal of Hawking in The Theory of Everything. But despite his popularity, there’s still a lot you might not know about him.
1. Doctors told him he wouldn’t live past his early 20s
Hawking was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or Lou Gehrig’s disease, when he was only 21. ALS affects the nerve cells involved in voluntary muscle movement, decreasing a person’s ability to move and speak over time. Usually, symptoms develop after age 50, and lead to death within a few months or years.
So when doctors diagnosed Hawking with ALS at the extremely young age of 21, the predicted he would only live a couple of years. Instead, he lived for 55 more years.
“The human race,” he said, “is so puny compared to the universe that being disabled is not of much cosmic significance.”
2. He was a wild wheelchair driver
Hawking began using crutches after his diagnosis in the ‘60s, and resisted transitioning to a wheelchair. But once he started, he was reportedly a pretty wild driver.
“There’s an apocryphal story out there—I don’t know if it’s true—that he actually ran over Prince Charles’ toes,” says Kristine M. Larsen, a professor astronomy at Central Connecticut State University and author of Stephen Hawking: A Biography.
“He definitely liked to dance in his wheelchair on the dance floor,” she says. “I remember seeing him wiz through conferences in his wheelchair.” After one incident where he crashed his wheelchair and broke his hip, he also joked “about being a bad driver.”<
3. He made lots of scientific bets, even though he kept losing them
Hawking is known for his theoretical contributions to science. But like any scientist, he didn’t always get everything right the first time; and he had a reputation for placing and losing bets on scientific concepts.
In 1975, he bet physicist Kip Thorne a Penthouse subscription that an astronomical object known as Cygnus X-1 was not a black hole. Later, he also bet someone an encyclopedia over Hawking’s claim that information gets lost in black holes, and wagered $100 that no one would ever discover the Higgs boson. Eventually, he lost all three of these bets.
4. Some of his scientific theories were controversial at first
Despite these misplaced bets, Hawkins did get a lot of things right.
“Among his first theoretical discoveries was his prediction that black holes should radiate,” Larsen says. “But when he first came up with this idea and presented it to his colleagues, they thought it was rubbish.”
However, once his calculations for this theory went through scientific peer-review, “they found that yes, this is what the laws of physics as we understand them predict,” she says. “That black holes under the right circumstances should evaporate, should radiate.”
This scientific concept is now known as “Hawking radiation,” and remains one of his biggest contributions to cosmology.
VIDEO: Stephen Hawking: A look at the astronomical life of iconic author, cosmologist and physicist Stephen Hawking.
5. Artificial intelligence made him uneasy
Hawking believed that developing better technology was imperative for humans’ survival. But he was also very concerned about the pursuit of artificial intelligence, or A.I.
“Alongside the benefits, A.I. will also bring dangers, like powerful autonomous weapons, or new ways for the few to oppress the many,” he said in 2014 at the launch for the Centre for the Future of Intelligence at Cambridge University.
“In the future, A.I. could develop a will of its own—a will that is in conflict with ours,” he continued. “The rise of powerful A.I. will be either the best, or the worst thing, ever to happen to humanity. We do not yet know which.”
The subject was personal for Hawking because, despite his fears about where A.I. would lead, he benefited greatly from advances in the field. Starting in 2008, Hawking communicated by tensing his cheek. Using technology that could detect these cheek movements, a machine learning algorithm translated these into sound, gradually getting better and quicker at translating as it learned from Hawking’s speech patterns.
6. He had a tumultuous relationship with his first wife
When The Theory of Everything debuted in 2014, it received some criticism for its portrayal of Hawking’s marriage to his first wife, Jane Wilde. Based on Wilde’s writing about her life and marriage, the film offered a romantic, sentimental portrait of a woman who made sacrifices for her husband in the face of a very serious disease.
In real life, things were a bit more complicated. Jane took on the task of caring for her husband along with three children as Hawking refused to talk with her about his illness. At one point, she described him as “a child possessed of a massive and fractious ego.”
In the last years of their marriage Hawking left Jane for his nurse, Elaine Mason, who became his second wife.
7. He wrote five children’s books with his daughter Lucy
In addition to his many books for adults, Hawking wrote several children’s books with his daughter, Lucy, that combine science and adventure.
These books all focus on a young boy named George, who learns about the universe by traveling around it. In the most recent one, George and the Blue Moon, George enters a Mars training program, “fighting for survival in what feels like the Hunger Games set on the red planet,” according to Hawking’s own description.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 11
|
https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/
|
en
|
Complete National Film Registry Listing
|
http://www.loc.gov/static/images/favicons/open-graph-logo.png
|
http://www.loc.gov/static/images/favicons/open-graph-logo.png
|
[
"https://www.loc.gov/static/images/logo-loc-new-branding.svg",
"https://www.loc.gov/static/images/social-media/facebook.svg",
"https://www.loc.gov/static/images/social-media/twitter.svg",
"https://www.loc.gov/static/images/share/link.svg",
"https://www.loc.gov/static/images/share/email.svg",
"https://www.loc.gov/static/images/social-media/facebook.svg",
"https://www.loc.gov/static/images/social-media/twitter.svg",
"https://www.loc.gov/static/images/social-media/youtube.svg",
"https://www.loc.gov/static/images/social-media/pinterest.svg",
"https://www.loc.gov/static/images/social-media/flickr.svg",
"https://www.loc.gov/static/images/social-media/instagram.svg",
"https://www.loc.gov/static/images/social-media/itunesU.svg",
"https://www.loc.gov/static/images/congress-gov.svg",
"https://www.loc.gov/static/images/copyright-gov.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Sort films by title, year of release, and year inducted into the Registry by using the up and down arrows at the top of each column.
|
en
|
The Library of Congress
| null |
Sort films by title, year of release, and year inducted into the Registry by using the up and down arrows at the top of each column.
Brief descriptions and expanded essays are available for many Registry titles.
View a list of all expanded essays
Film Title Year of Release Year Inducted 12 Years a Slave 2013 2023 20 Feet From Stardom 2013 2023 Alambrista! 1977 2023 Apollo 13 1995 2023 Bamboozled 2000 2023 Bohulano Family Film Collection 1950-78 2023 Cruisin' J Town 1975 2023 Desperately Seeking Susan 1985 2023 Dinner at Eight 1933 2023 Edge of the City 1957 2023 Fame 1980 2023 Helen Keller in her Story 1954 2023 Home Alone 1990 2023 Lady and the Tramp 1955 2023 The Lighted Field 1987 2023 Love & Basketball 2000 2023 Matewan 1987 2023 Maya Lin: A Strong Clear Vision 1994 2023 Movie Trip Through Filmland 1921 2023 The Nightmare Before Christmas 1993 2023 Passing Through 1977 2023 Queen of Diamonds 1991 2023 Terminator 2: Judgment Day 1991 2023 The Wedding Banquet 1993 2023 We're Alive 1974 2023 Attica 1974 2022 The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez 1982 2022 Behind Every Good Man 1967 2022 Betty Tells Her Story 1972 2022 Bush Mama 1979 2022 Cab Calloway Home Movies 1948-51 2022 Carrie 1976 2022 Charade 1963 2022 Cyrano de Bergerac 1950 2022 Hairspray 1988 2022 House Party 1990 2022 Iron Man 2008 2022 Itam Hakim, Hopiit 1984 2022 The Little Mermaid 1989 2022 Manzanar 1971 2022 Mardi Gras Carnival 1898 2022 Mingus 1968 2022 Pariah 2011 2022 Scorpio Rising 1964 2022 Super Fly 1972 2022 Titicut Follies 1967 2022 Tongues Untied 1989 2022 Union Maids 1976 2022 When Harry Met Sally 1989 2022 Word is Out: Stories of Our Lives 1978 2022 Chicana 1979 2021 Cooley High 1975 2021 Evergreen 1965 2021 Flowers and Trees 1932 2021 The Flying Ace 1926 2021 Hell-Bound Train 1930 2021 Jubilo 1919 2021 The Long Goodbye 1973 2021 The Lord of the Rings: Fellowship of the Ring 2001 2021 The Murder of Fred Hampton 1971 2021 A Nightmare on Elm Street 1984 2021 Pink Flamingos 1972 2021 Requiem 29 1970 2021 Return of the Jedi 1983 2021 Richard Pryor: Live in Concert 1979 2021 Ringling Bros. Parade Film 1902 2021 Selena 1997 2021 Sounder 1972 2021 Stop Making Sense 1984 2021 Strangers on a Train 1951 2021 Wall-E 2008 2021 The Watermelon Woman 1996 2021 What Ever Happened to Baby Jane 1962 2021 Who Killed Vincent Chin 1987 2021 The Wobblies 1979 2021 The Battle of the Century 1927 2020 The Blues Brothers 1980 2020 Bread 1918 2020 Buena Vista Social Club 1999 2020 Cabin in the Sky 1943 2020 A Clockwork Orange 1971 2020 The Dark Knight 2008 2020 The Devil Never Sleeps 1994 2020 Freedom Riders 2010 2020 Grease 1978 2020 The Ground 1993-2001 2020 The Hurt Locker 2009 2020 Illusions 1982 2020 The Joy Luck Club 1993 2020 Kid Auto Races at Venice 1914 2020 Lilies of the Field 1963 2020 Losing Ground 1982 2020 The Man with the Golden Arm 1955 2020 Mauna Kea: Temple Under Siege 2006 2020 Outrage 1950 2020 Shrek 2001 2020 Suspense 1913 2020 Sweet Sweetback’s Baadasssss Song 1971 2020 Wattstax 1973 2020 With Car and Camera Around the World 1929 2020 Amadeus 1984 2019 Becky Sharp 1935 2019 Before Stonewall 1984 2019 Body and Soul 1925 2019 Boys Don't Cry 1999 2019 Clerks 1994 2019 Coal Miner's Daughter 1980 2019 Emigrants Landing at Ellis Island 1903 2019 Employees Entrance 1933 2019 Fog of War 2003 2019 Gaslight 1944 2019 George Washington Carver at Tuskegee Institute 1937 2019 Girlfriends 1978 2019 I am Somebody 1970 2019 Last Waltz, The 1978 2019 My Name Is Oona 1969 2019 A New Leaf 1971 2019 Old Yeller 1957 2019 Phenix City Story, The 1955 2019 Platoon 1986 2019 Purple Rain 1984 2019 Real Women Have Curves 2002 2019 She's Gotta Have it 1986 2019 Sleeping Beauty 1959 2019 Zoot Suit 1981 2019 Bad Day at Black Rock 1955 2018 Broadcast News 1987 2018 Brokeback Mountain 2005 2018 Cinderella 1950 2018 Days of Wine and Roses 1962 2018 Dixon-Wanamaker Expedition to Crow Agency 1908 2018 Eve's Bayou 1997 2018 The Girl Without a Soul 1917 2018 Hair Piece: A Film for Nappy Headed People 1984 2018 Hearts and Minds 1974 2018 Hud 1963 2018 The Informer 1935 2018 Jurassic Park 1993 2018 The Lady from Shanghai 1947 2018 Leave Her to Heaven 1945 2018 Monterey Pop 1968 2018 My Fair Lady 1964 2018 The Navigator 1924 2018 On the Town 1949 2018 One-Eyed Jacks 1961 2018 Pickup on South Street 1953 2018 Rebecca 1940 2018 The Shining 1980 2018 Smoke Signals 1998 2018 Something Good – Negro Kiss 1898 2018 Ace in the Hole (aka Big Carnival) 1951 2017 Boulevard Nights 1979 2017 Die Hard 1988 2017 Dumbo 1941 2017 Field of Dreams 1989 2017 4 Little Girls 1997 2017 Fuentes Family Home Movies Collection 1920s and 1930s 2017 Gentleman’s Agreement 1947 2017 The Goonies 1985 2017 Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner 1967 2017 He Who Gets Slapped 1924 2017 Interior New York Subway, 14th Street to 42nd Street 1905 2017 La Bamba 1987 2017 Lives of Performers 1972 2017 Memento 2001 2017 Only Angels Have Wings 1939 2017 The Sinking of the Lusitania 1918 2017 Spartacus 1960 2017 Superman 1978 2017 Thelonious Monk: Straight, No Chaser 1988 2017 Time and Dreams 1976 2017 Titanic 1997 2017 To Sleep with Anger 1990 2017 Wanda 1971 2017 With the Abraham Lincoln Brigade in Spain 1937-38 2017 The Atomic Café 1982 2016 Ball of Fire 1941 2016 The Beau Brummels 1928 2016 The Birds 1963 2016 Blackboard Jungle 1955 2016 The Breakfast Club 1985 2016 The Decline of Western Civilization 1981 2016 East of Eden 1955 2016 Funny Girl 1968 2016 Life of an American Fireman 1903 2016 The Lion King 1994 2016 Lost Horizon 1937 2016 Musketeers of Pig Alley 1912 2016 Paris Is Burning 1990 2016 Point Blank 1967 2016 The Princess Bride 1987 2016 Putney Swope 1969 2016 Reverend Solomon Sir Jones films 1924-28 2016 Rushmore 1998 2016 Steamboat Bill, Jr. 1928 2016 Suzanne, Suzanne 1982 2016 Thelma & Louise 1991 2016 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea 1916 2016 A Walk in the Sun 1945 2016 Who Framed Roger Rabbit? 1988 2016 3:10 to Yuma 1957 2012 The 7th Voyage of Sinbad 1958 2008 12 Angry Men 1957 2007 13 Lakes 2004 2014 42nd Street 1933 1998 2001: A Space Odyssey 1968 1991 Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein 1948 2001 Adam’s Rib 1949 1992 The Adventures of Robin Hood 1938 1995 The African Queen 1951 1994 Airplane! 1980 2010 Alien 1979 2002 All About Eve 1950 1990 All My Babies 1953 2002 All Quiet on the Western Front 1930 1990 All That Heaven Allows 1955 1995 All That Jazz 1979 2001 All the King’s Men 1949 2001 All the President’s Men 1976 2010 Allures 1961 2011 America, America 1963 2001 American Graffiti 1973 1995 An American in Paris 1951 1993 Anatomy of a Murder 1959 2012 Annie Hall 1977 1992 Antonia: A Portrait of the Woman 1974 2003 The Apartment 1960 1994 Apocalypse Now 1979 2000 Applause 1929 2006 The Asphalt Jungle 1950 2008 Atlantic City 1980 2003 The Augustas 1930s-1950s 2012 The Awful Truth 1937 1996 Baby Face 1933 2005 Back to the Future 1985 2007 The Bad and the Beautiful 1952 2002 Badlands 1973 1993 Bambi 1942 2011 The Band Wagon 1953 1995 The Bank Dick 1940 1992 The Bargain 1914 2010 The Battle of San Pietro 1945 1991 Beauty and the Beast 1991 2002 Being There 1979 2015 Ben-Hur (1925) 1925 1997 Ben-Hur (1959) 1959 2004 Bert Williams Lime Kiln Club Field Day 1913 2014 The Best Years of Our Lives 1946 1989 Big Business 1929 1992 The Big Heat 1953 2011 The Big Lebowski 1998 2014 The Big Parade 1925 1992 The Big Sleep 1946 1997 The Big Trail 1930 2006 The Birth of a Nation 1915 1992 Black and Tan 1929 2015 The Black Pirate 1926 1993 The Black Stallion 1979 2002 Blacksmith Scene 1893 1995 Blade Runner 1982 1993 Blazing Saddles 1974 2006 Bless Their Little Hearts 1984 2013 The Blood of Jesus 1941 1991 The Blue Bird 1918 2004 Bonnie and Clyde 1967 1992 Born Yesterday 1950 2012 Boyz N the Hood 1991 2002 Brandy in the Wilderness 1969 2013 Breakfast at Tiffany’s 1961 2012 The Bride of Frankenstein 1935 1998 The Bridge on the River Kwai 1957 1997 Bringing Up Baby 1938 1990 Broken Blossoms 1919 1996 A Bronx Morning 1931 2004 The Buffalo Creek Flood: An Act of Man 1975 2005 Bullitt 1968 2007 Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid 1969 2003 Cabaret 1972 1995 The Cameraman 1928 2005 Carmen Jones 1954 1992 Casablanca 1942 1989 Castro Street (The Coming of Consciousness) 1966 1992 Cat People 1942 1993 Chan Is Missing 1982 1995 The Cheat 1915 1993 The Chechahcos 1924 2003 Chinatown 1974 1991 A Christmas Story 1983 2012 Chulas Fronteras 1976 1993 Cicero March 1966 2013 Citizen Kane 1941 1989 City Lights 1931 1991 The City 1939 1998 Civilization 1916 1999 Clash of the Wolves 1925 2004 Close Encounters of the Third Kind 1977 2007 Cologne: From the Diary of Ray and Esther 1939 2001 Commandment Keeper Church, Beaufort, South Carolina (May 1940) 1940 2005 A Computer Animated Hand 1972 2011 The Conversation 1974 1995 Cool Hand Luke 1967 2005 The Cool World 1963 1994 Cops 1922 1997 Corbett-Fitzsimmons Title Fight 1897 2012 A Corner in Wheat 1909 1994 The Court Jester 1956 2004 Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment 1963 2011 The Crowd 1928 1989 Cry of Jazz 1959 2010 The Cry of the Children 1912 2011 A Cure for Pokeritis 1912 2011 The Curse of Quon Gwon 1916-1917 2006 Czechoslovakia 1968 1969 1997 D.O.A. 1950 2004 Dance, Girl, Dance 1940 2007 Dances with Wolves 1990 2007 Daughter of Dawn 1920 2013 Daughter of Shanghai 1937 2006 Daughters of the Dust 1991 2004 David Holzman’s Diary 1968 1991 The Day the Earth Stood Still 1951 1995 Days of Heaven 1978 2007 Dead Birds 1964 1998 Decasia 2002 2013 The Deer Hunter 1978 1996 Deliverance 1972 2008 Demolishing and Building Up the Star Theatre 1901 2002 Destry Rides Again 1939 1996 Detour 1945 1992 Dickson Experimental Sound Film 1894-1895 2003 Dirty Harry 1971 2012 Disneyland Dream 1956 2008 Do the Right Thing 1989 1999 The Docks of New York 1928 1999 Dodsworth 1936 1990 Dog Day Afternoon 1975 2009 Dog Star Man 1964 1992 Don’t Look Back 1967 1998 Double Indemnity 1944 1992 Down Argentine Way 1940 2014 Dr. Strangelove 1964 1989 Dracula 1931 2000 Dracula (Spanish language version) 1931 2015 The Dragon Painter 1919 2014 Dream of a Rarebit Fiend 1906 2015 Drums of Winter (aka Uksuum Cauyai) 1988 2006 Duck Amuck 1953 1999 Duck and Cover 1951 2004 Duck Soup 1933 1990 E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial 1982 1994 Eadweard Muybridge, Zoopraxographer 1974 2015 Early Abstractions 1939-1956 2006 Easy Rider 1969 1998 Eaux d’artifice 1953 1993 Edison Kinetoscopic Record of a Sneeze 1894 2015 El Mariachi 1992 2011 El Norte 1983 1995 Electronic Labyrinth: THX 1138 4EB 1967 2010 Ella Cinders 1926 2013 The Emperor Jones 1933 1999 Empire 1964 2004 The Empire Strikes Back 1980 2010 The Endless Summer 1966 2002 Enter the Dragon 1973 2004 Eraserhead 1977 2004 The Evidence of the Film 1913 2001 The Exiles 1961 2009 The Exorcist 1973 2010 The Exploits of Elaine 1914 1994 A Face in the Crowd 1957 2008 Faces 1968 2011 Fake Fruit Factory 1986 2011 The Fall of the House of Usher 1928 2000 Fantasia 1940 1990 Fargo 1996 2006 Fast Times at Ridgemont High 1982 2005 Fatty’s Tintype Tangle 1915 1995 Felicia 1965 2014 Ferris Bueller's Day Off 1986 2014 Film Portrait 1972 2003 Five Easy Pieces 1970 2000 Flash Gordon Serial 1936 1996 Flesh and the Devil 1927 2006 Flower Drum Song 1961 2008 A Fool There Was 1915 2015 Foolish Wives 1922 2008 Footlight Parade 1933 1992 Forbidden Planet 1956 2013 Force of Evil 1948 1994 The Forgotten Frontier 1931 1996 Forrest Gump 1994 2011 The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse 1921 1995 Fox Movietone News: Jenkins Orphanage Band 1928 2003 Frank Film 1973 1996 Frankenstein 1931 1991 Freaks 1932 1994 Free Radicals 1979 2008 The French Connection 1971 2005 The Freshman 1925 1990 From Here to Eternity 1953 2002 From Stump to Ship 1930 2002 From the Manger to the Cross 1912 1998 The Front Page 1931 2010 Fuji 1974 2002 Fury 1936 1995 The Gang's All Here 1943 2014 Garlic Is As Good As Ten Mothers 1980 2004 The General 1927 1989 George Stevens’ World War II Footage 1943-1946 2008 Gerald McBoing-Boing 1951 1995 Gertie The Dinosaur 1914 1991 Ghostbusters 1984 2015 Giant 1956 2005 Gigi 1958 1991 Gilda 1946 2013 Glimpse of the Garden 1957 2007 The Godfather Part II 1974 1993 The Godfather 1972 1990 Going My Way 1944 2004 Gold Diggers of 1933 1933 2003 The Gold Rush 1925 1992 Gone With the Wind 1939 1989 Goodfellas 1990 2000 The Graduate 1967 1996 Grand Hotel 1932 2007 The Grapes of Wrath 1940 1989 Grass 1925 1997 The Great Dictator 1940 1997 The Great Train Robbery 1903 1990 Greed 1924 1991 Grey Gardens 1976 2010 Groundhog Day 1993 2006 Growing Up Female 1971 2011 Gun Crazy aka Deadly Is the Female 1949 1998 Gunga Din 1939 1999 H2O 1929 2005 Hail the Conquering Hero 1944 2015 Hallelujah! 1929 2008 Halloween 1978 2006 Hands Up! 1926 2005 Harlan County, U.S.A. 1976 1990 Harold and Maude 1971 1997 The Heiress 1949 1996 Hell’s Hinges 1916 1994 Heroes All 1920 2009 Hester Street 1975 2011 High Noon 1952 1989 High School 1969 1991 Hindenburg Disaster Newsreel Footage 1937 1997 His Girl Friday 1940 1993 The Hitch-Hiker 1953 1998 The Hole 1963 2013 Hoop Dreams 1994 2005 Hoosiers 1986 2001 Hospital 1970 1994 The Hospital 1971 1995 Hot Dogs for Gauguin 1972 2009 Hours for Jerome: Parts 1 and 2 1980-82 2012 The House I Live In 1945 2007 The House in the Middle 1954 2001 House of Usher 1960 2005 House of Wax 1953 2014 How Green Was My Valley 1941 1990 How the West Was Won 1962 1997 Humoresque 1920 2015 The Hunters 1957 2003 The Hustler 1961 1997 I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang 1932 1991 I Am Joaquin 1969 2010 I, an Actress 1977 2011 Imitation of Life 1934 2005 Imitation of Life 1959 2015 The Immigrant 1917 1998 In a Lonely Place 1950 2007 In Cold Blood 1967 2008 In the Heat of the Night 1967 2002 In the Land of the Head Hunters 1914 1999 In the Street 1948 2006 The Incredible Shrinking Man 1957 2009 The Inner World of Aphasia 1968 2015 Into the Arms of Strangers: Stories of the Kindertransport 2000 2014 Intolerance 1916 1989 Invasion of the Body Snatchers 1956 1994 The Invisible Man 1933 2008 The Iron Horse 1924 2011 It 1927 2001 It Happened One Night 1934 1993 It's a Gift 1934 2010 It's a Wonderful Life 1946 1990 The Italian 1915 1991 Jailhouse Rock 1957 2004 Jam Session 1942 2001 Jammin’ the Blues 1944 1995 Jaws 1975 2001 Jazz on a Summer’s Day 1959 1999 The Jazz Singer 1927 1996 Jeffries-Johnson World’s Championship Boxing Contest 1910 2005 Jezebel 1938 2009 John Henry and the Inky-Poo 1946 2015 Johnny Guitar 1954 2008 Judgment at Nuremberg 1961 2013 The Jungle 1967 2009 Kannapolis, N.C. 1941 2004 The Kid 1921 2011 Kidnapper's Foil 1930s 2012 Killer of Sheep 1977 1990 The Killers 1946 2008 King Kong 1933 1991 King of Jazz 1930 2013 King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to Memphis 1970 1999 The Kiss 1896 1999 Kiss Me Deadly 1955 1999 Knute Rockne, All American 1940 1997 Koyaanisqatsi 1983 2000 L.A. Confidential 1997 2015 The Lady Eve 1941 1994 Lady Helen’s Escapade 1909 2004 Lady Windermere’s Fan 1925 2002 Lambchops 1929 1999 The Land Beyond the Sunset 1912 2000 Lassie Come Home 1943 1993 The Last Command 1928 2006 The Last of the Mohicans 1920 1995 The Last Picture Show 1971 1998 Laura 1944 1999 Lawrence of Arabia 1962 1991 The Lead Shoes 1949 2009 A League of Their Own 1992 2012 The Learning Tree 1969 1989 Let There Be Light 1946 2010 Let’s All Go to the Lobby 1957 2000 Letter from an Unknown Woman 1948 1992 The Life and Death of 9413: a Hollywood Extra 1927 1997 The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter 1980 1996 The Life of Emile Zola 1937 2000 Little Big Man 1970 2014 Little Caesar 1930 2000 Little Fugitive 1953 1997 Little Miss Marker 1934 1998 Little Nemo 1911 2009 The Living Desert 1953 2000 Lonesome 1928 2010 The Lost Weekend 1945 2011 The Lost World 1925 1998 Louisiana Story 1948 1994 Love Finds Andy Hardy 1938 2000 Love Me Tonight 1932 1990 The Lunch Date 1989 2013 Luxo Jr. 1986 2014 M*A*S*H 1970 1996 Mabel’s Blunder 1914 2009 Magical Maestro 1952 1993 The Magnificent Ambersons 1942 1991 The Magnificent Seven 1961 2013 Make Way for Tomorrow 1937 2010 The Making of an American 1920 2005 Malcolm X 1992 2010 The Maltese Falcon 1941 1989 The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance 1962 2007 The Manchurian Candidate 1962 1994 Manhatta 1921 1995 Manhattan 1979 2001 March of Time: Inside Nazi Germany 1938 1993 The March 1964 2008 Marian Anderson: the Lincoln Memorial Concert 1939 2001 The Mark of Zorro 1920 2015 The Mark of Zorro 1940 2009 Martha Graham Dance Films 2013 Marty 1955 1994 Mary Poppins 1964 2013 Master Hands 1936 1999 Matrimony’s Speed Limit 1913 2003 The Matrix 1999 2012 McCabe & Mrs. Miller 1971 2010 Mean Streets 1973 1997 Medium Cool 1969 2003 Meet Me in St. Louis 1944 1994 Melody Ranch 1940 2002 Memphis Belle 1944 2001 Men and Dust 1940 2013 Meshes of the Afternoon 1943 1990 The Middleton Family at the New York World’s Fair 1939 2012 Midnight 1939 2013 Midnight Cowboy 1969 1994 Mighty Like a Moose 1926 2007 Mildred Pierce 1945 1996 The Miracle of Morgan’s Creek 1944 2001 Miracle on 34th Street 1947 2005 Miss Lulu Bett 1922 2001 Modern Times 1936 1989 Modesta 1956 1998 Mom and Dad 1944 2005 Moon Breath Beat 1980 2014 Morocco 1930 1992 Motion Painting No. 1 1947 1997 A MOVIE 1958 1994 Mr. Smith Goes to Washington 1939 1989 Mrs. Miniver 1942 2009 Multiple SIDosis 1970 2000 The Muppet Movie 1979 2009 The Music Box 1932 1997 The Music Man 1962 2005 My Darling Clementine 1946 1991 My Man Godfrey 1936 1999 The Naked City 1948 2007 The Naked Spur 1953 1997 Nanook of the North 1922 1989 Nashville 1975 1992 National Lampoon’s Animal House 1978 2001 National Velvet 1944 2003 Naughty Marietta 1935 2003 Navajo Film Themselves (Through Navajo Eyes) 1966 2002 The Negro Soldier 1944 2011 Network 1976 2000 Newark Athlete 1891 2010 Nicholas Brothers' Home Movies 1930s-'40s 2011 A Night at the Opera 1935 1993 The Night of the Hunter 1955 1992 Night of the Living Dead 1968 1999 Ninotchka 1939 1990 No Lies 1973 2008 Norma Rae 1979 2011 North By Northwest 1959 1995 Nostalgia 1971 2003 Notes on the Port of St. Francis 1951 2013 Nothing But a Man 1964 1993 Notorious 1946 2006 Now, Voyager 1942 2007 The Nutty Professor 1963 2004 OffOn 1968 2004 Oklahoma! 1955 2007 The Old Mill 1937 2015 On the Bowery 1957 2008 On the Waterfront 1954 1989 Once Upon a Time in the West 1968 2009 One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest 1975 1993 One Froggy Evening 1956 2003 One Survivor Remembers 1995 2012 One Week 1920 2008 Our Daily Bread 1934 2015 Our Day 1938 2007 Our Lady of the Sphere 1969 2010 Out of the Past 1947 1991 The Outlaw Josey Wales 1976 1996 The Ox-Bow Incident 1943 1998 Parable 1964 2012 Pass the Gravy 1928 1998 Paths of Glory 1957 1992 Patton 1970 2003 The Pawnbroker 1965 2008 The Pearl 1948 2002 Peege 1972 2007 The Perils of Pauline 1914 2008 Peter Pan 1924 2000 The Phantom of the Opera 1925 1998 The Philadelphia Story 1940 1995 Pillow Talk 1959 2009 The Pink Panther 1963 2010 Pinocchio 1940 1994 A Place in the Sun 1951 1991 Planet of the Apes 1968 2001 Please Don't Bury Me Alive! 1976 2014 The Plow That Broke the Plains 1936 1999 Point of Order 1964 1993 The Poor Little Rich Girl 1917 1991 Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor 1936 2004 Porgy and Bess 1959 2011 Porky in Wackyland 1938 2000 Portrait of Jason 1967 2015 The Power and the Glory 1933 2014 The Power of the Press 1928 2005 Powers of Ten 1978 1998 Precious Images 1986 2009 Preservation of the Sign Language 1913 2010 President McKinley Inauguration Footage 1901 2000 Primary 1960 1990 Princess Nicotine; or, The Smoke Fairy 1909 2003 The Prisoner of Zenda 1937 1991 The Producers 1968 1996 Psycho 1960 1992 The Public Enemy 1931 1998 Pull My Daisy 1959 1996 Pulp Fiction 1994 2013 Punch Drunks 1934 2002 Pups Is Pups 1930 2004 Quasi at the Quackadero 1975 2009 The Quiet Man 1952 2013 Raging Bull 1980 1990 Raiders of the Lost Ark 1981 1999 A Raisin in the Sun 1961 2005 Rear Window 1954 1997 Rebel Without a Cause 1955 1990 The Red Book 1994 2009 Red Dust 1932 2006 Red River 1948 1990 Regeneration 1915 2000 Reminiscences of a Journey to Lithuania 1971-1972 2006 Republic Steel Strike Riot Newsreel Footage 1937 1997 Return of the Secaucus 7 1980 1997 The Revenge of Pancho Villa 1930-1936 2009 Ride the High Country 1962 1992 The Right Stuff 1983 2013 Rio Bravo 1959 2014 Rip Van Winkle 1896 1995 The River 1938 1990 Road to Morocco 1942 1996 Rocky 1976 2006 The Rocky Horror Picture Show 1975 2005 Roger & Me 1989 2013 Roman Holiday 1953 1999 Rose Hobart 1936 2001 Rosemary's Baby 1968 2014 Ruggles of Red Gap 1935 2014 Sabrina 1954 2002 Safety Last! 1923 1994 Salesman 1968 1992 Salomé 1923 2000 Salt of the Earth 1954 1992 Samsara: Death and Rebirth in Cambodia 1990 2012 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire, April 18, 1906 1906 2005 Saturday Night Fever 1977 2010 Saving Private Ryan 1998 2014 Scarface 1932 1994 Schindler’s List 1993 2004 Scratch and Crow 1995 2009 The Searchers 1956 1989 Seconds 1966 2015 Serene Velocity 1970 2001 Sergeant York 1941 2008 Seven Brides for Seven Brothers 1954 2004 Seventh Heaven 1927 1995 The Sex Life of the Polyp 1928 2007 sex, lies, and videotape 1989 2006 Shadow of a Doubt 1943 1991 Shadows 1959 1993 Shaft 1971 2000 Shane 1953 1993 The Shawshank Redemption 1994 2015 She Done Him Wrong 1933 1996 Sherlock, Jr. 1924 1991 Sherman’s March 1986 2000 Shock Corridor 1963 1996 Shoes 1916 2014 The Shop Around the Corner 1940 1999 Show Boat 1936 1996 Show People 1928 2003 Siege 1940 2006 The Silence of the Lambs 1991 2011 Singin' in the Rain 1952 1989 Sink or Swim 1990 2015 Sky High 1922 1998 Slacker 1991 2012 Snow White 1933 1994 Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs 1937 1989 So’s Your Old Man 1926 2008 Some Like It Hot 1959 1989 The Son of the Sheik 1926 2003 Sons of the Desert 1933 2012 The Sound of Music 1965 2001 The Spook Who Sat by the Door 1973 2012 St. Louis Blues 1929 2006 Stagecoach 1939 1995 Stand and Deliver 1988 2011 A Star Is Born 1954 2000 Star Wars 1977 1989 Stark Love 1927 2009 State Fair 1933 2014 Steamboat Willie 1928 1998 The Sting 1973 2005 Stormy Weather 1943 2001 The Story of G.I. Joe 1945 2009 The Story of Menstruation 1946 2015 Stranger Than Paradise 1984 2002 A Streetcar Named Desire 1951 1999 The Strong Man 1926 2007 A Study in Reds 1932 2009 Study of a River 1996-1997 2010 Sullivan’s Travels 1941 1990 Sunrise 1927 1989 Sunset Boulevard 1950 1989 Sweet Smell of Success 1957 1993 Swing Time 1936 2004 Symbiopsychotaxiplasm: Take One 1968 2015 The T.A.M.I. Show 1964 2006 Tabu 1931 1994 Tacoma Narrows Bridge Collapse 1940 1998 The Tall T 1957 2000 Tarantella 1940 2010 Tarzan and His Mate 1934 2003 Taxi Driver 1976 1994 The Tell-Tale Heart 1953 2001 The Ten Commandments 1956 1999 The Terminator 1984 2008 Tess of the Storm Country 1914 2006 Tevye 1939 1991 Theodore Case Sound Test: Gus Visser and His Singing Duck 1925 2002 There It Is 1928 2004 They Call It Pro Football 1966 2012 The Thief of Bagdad 1924 1996 The Thin Blue Line 1988 2001 The Thin Man 1934 1997 The Thing from Another World 1951 2001 Think of Me First as a Person 1960-1975 2006 This Is Cinerama 1952 2002 This Is Spinal Tap 1984 2002 The Three Little Pigs 1933 2007 Michael Jackson’s Thriller 1983 2009 A Time for Burning 1966 2005 A Time Out of War 1954 2006 The Times of Harvey Milk 1984 2012 Tin Toy 1988 2003 To Be or Not to Be 1942 1996 To Fly! 1976 1995 To Kill a Mockingbird 1962 1995 Tol’able David 1921 2007 Tom, Tom, the Piper's Son 1969-1971 2007 Tootsie 1982 1998 Top Gun 1986 2015 Top Hat 1935 1990 Topaz 1943-1945 1996 Touch of Evil 1958 1993 Toy Story 1995 2005 Traffic in Souls 1913 2006 Trance and Dance in Bali 1936-1939 1999 The Treasure of the Sierra Madre 1948 1990 A Tree Grows in Brooklyn 1945 2010 A Trip Down Market Street 1906 2010 Trouble in Paradise 1932 1991 Tulips Shall Grow 1942 1997 Twelve O’Clock High 1949 1998 Twentieth Century 1934 2011 Two-Color Kodachrome Test Shots No. III 1922 2012 Two-Lane Blacktop 1971 2012 Uncle Tom's Cabin 1914 2012 Under Western Stars 1938 2009 Unforgiven 1992 2004 Unmasked 1917 2014 V-E Day +1 (May 9, 1945) 1945 2014 Verbena tragica 1939 1996 Vertigo 1958 1989 A Virtuous Vamp 1919 2013 War of the Worlds 1953 2011 Water and Power 1989 2008 The Way of Peace 1947 2014 The Wedding March 1928 2003 West Side Story 1961 1997 Westinghouse Works 1904 1904 1998 What’s Opera, Doc? 1957 1992 Where Are My Children? 1916 1993 White Fawn’s Devotion 1910 2008 White Heat 1949 2003 Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? 1966 2013 Why Man Creates 1968 2002 Why We Fight 1943-1945 2000 Wild and Woolly 1917 2002 Wild Boys of the Road 1933 2013 The Wild Bunch 1969 1999 Wild River 1960 2002 Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? 1957 2000 Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory 1971 2014 Winchester '73 1950 2015 The Wind 1928 1993 Wings 1927 1997 The Wishing Ring: an Idyll of Old England 1914 2012 Within Our Gates 1920 1992 The Wizard of Oz 1939 1989 Woman of the Year 1942 1999 A Woman Under the Influence 1974 1990 The Women 1939 2007 Woodstock 1970 1996 Wuthering Heights 1939 2007 Yankee Doodle Dandy 1942 1993 Young Frankenstein 1974 2003 Young Mr. Lincoln 1939 2003 Zapruder Film 1963 1994
|
|||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 44
|
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benedict-Cumberbatch
|
en
|
Benedict Cumberbatch | Biography, Movies, TV Shows, & Facts
|
[
"https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/05/187505-004-701CEE3E/Benedict-Cumberbatch-2014.jpg",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/96/173696-004-03E3347F/Benedict-Cumberbatch-British-stage-screen.jpg",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/50/181350-004-C17A9F20/Joan-Clarke-Alan-Turing-Keira-Knightley-Benedict.jpg",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/01/199401-004-C3A74545/Benedict-Cumberbatch-title-character-Doctor-Strange.jpg",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/00/199400-004-E8A36AB8/Chiwetel-Ejiofor-Stephen-Strange-Mordo-Benedict-Cumberbatch.jpg",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/02/199402-004-E526D644/Benedict-Cumberbatch-Doctor-Strange-Robert-Downey-Jr.jpg",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/86/231986-004-FCEC06F0/Kodi-Smit-McPhee-and-Benedict-Cumberbatch-The-Power-of-the-Dog-2021.jpg",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/65/129465-131-8F637272/USA-Annual-Academy-Awards-Closeup-entrance-statue-2009.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/05/187505-131-7E335F18/Benedict-Cumberbatch-2014.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/44/191244-131-50EB6F02/Set-The-Hobbit-An-Unexpected-Journey.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/11/185311-131-A05F5992/Tom-Cruise-Top-Gun-Tony-Scott.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/90/84690-131-AACB5036/Olivia-Hussey-Leonard-Whiting-Franco-Zeffirelli-Romeo.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/56/174256-131-DE02B70C/Ruminant-Deer-Red-deer-Antlers-Cervus-elaphus.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/02/162002-131-F6AF3F5C/Tupac-Shakur-1993.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/55/164555-131-D8A6E6C8/rat-glass-table.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/11/257711-050-4C31777E/United-states-election-US-history.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/55/142355-131-EFF621AF/books-Stack-literature-pile-reading-entertainment-society-2010.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/38/196438-131-BC3D639A/Arenal-Volcano-Costa-Rica-Alajuela-province.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/36/162636-131-E4AA93A0/Colosseum-Rome-Italy.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/05/187505-050-6BB9F835/Benedict-Cumberbatch-2014.jpg?w=300",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/65/129465-131-8F637272/USA-Annual-Academy-Awards-Closeup-entrance-statue-2009.jpg",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/96/173696-050-7070A29D/Benedict-Cumberbatch-British-stage-screen.jpg?w=300",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/50/181350-050-02F8C678/Joan-Clarke-Alan-Turing-Keira-Knightley-Benedict.jpg?w=300",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/marketing/BlueThistle.webp",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/01/199401-050-974FD103/Benedict-Cumberbatch-title-character-Doctor-Strange.jpg?w=300",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/00/199400-050-E2DF33C3/Chiwetel-Ejiofor-Stephen-Strange-Mordo-Benedict-Cumberbatch.jpg?w=300",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/02/199402-050-AA466C32/Benedict-Cumberbatch-Doctor-Strange-Robert-Downey-Jr.jpg?w=300"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Benedict Cumberbatch",
"encyclopedia",
"encyclopeadia",
"britannica",
"article"
] | null |
[
"Lorraine Murray"
] |
2013-06-04T00:00:00+00:00
|
Benedict Cumberbatch is an acclaimed British actor known for playing intelligent characters. He became popular for portraying a modern Sherlock Holmes in the TV series Sherlock (2010– ) and then garnered substantial roles in such films as The Imitation Game (2014), Doctor Strange (2016), and The Power of the Dog (2021).
|
en
|
/favicon.png
|
Encyclopedia Britannica
|
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benedict-Cumberbatch
|
Benedict Cumberbatch
British actor
Quick Facts
In full:
Benedict Timothy Carlton Cumberbatch
Born:
July 19, 1976, London, England (age 48)
Benedict Cumberbatch (born July 19, 1976, London, England) is an acclaimed British motion-picture, theater, and television actor known for his portrayals of intelligent, often upper-crust characters, for his deep resonant voice, and for his distinctive name. He gained widespread popularity playing a modern Sherlock Holmes in the television series Sherlock (2010– ) and subsequently garnered a succession of substantial roles in mainstream features.
Early life and career
Cumberbatch was the son of two actors, Timothy Carlton (né Cumberbatch) and Wanda Ventham. He was educated at Brambletye school, in West Sussex, and Harrow School. As a student, he took part in school plays, taking roles in William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream (in which he played Titania, the queen of the fairies) and As You Like It. He took a year off between school and university, during which he taught English to Tibetan Buddhist monks in India. After his return to Great Britain, he studied drama at the University of Manchester and earned a master’s degree in classical acting from the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.
Britannica Quiz
Pop Culture Quiz
At the start of his career, he used his father’s stage name, Carlton, but, encouraged by a colleague, he began to appear under the family’s original, unusual surname in order to attract greater professional attention. Cumberbatch’s first work in the professional theater was primarily Shakespearean, beginning with two repertory seasons with the New Shakespeare Company in London’s Regent Park in 2001 and 2002. Over the next few years he continued performing in London theaters, often in classics such as Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler (2005; nominated for a Laurence Olivier Award for best supporting actor) and Eugène Ionesco’s Rhinoceros (2007). He became a familiar face on television as well, playing supporting roles in series such as Tipping the Velvet and Silent Witness (both 2002), Fortysomething (2003), and To the Ends of the Earth (2005). In 2005 he was nominated for a BAFTA TV Award for best actor for his portrayal of physicist Stephen Hawking in the BBC television biopic Hawking (2004). Cumberbatch’s first major film role was in Amazing Grace (2006), a historical treatment of politician William Wilberforce’s antislavery efforts, in which Cumberbatch played Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger.
Breakthrough as Sherlock Holmes
In 2010 he broke through to far greater popularity at home and abroad as Sherlock Holmes in the BBC television series Sherlock, based on the stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The adaptation placed the characters of the classic Victorian-era tales in 21st-century London and captured viewers’ imaginations with its contemporary Holmes, who used nicotine patches (a nod to Conan Doyle’s pipe-smoking Holmes) and was a self-described “high-functioning sociopath.” Cumberbatch remained in the public eye with subsequent seasons of Sherlock, and in 2014 his performance in an episode of its third season won him an Emmy Award for outstanding actor in a miniseries or movie.
Cumberbatch starred in the 2011 Royal National Theatre adaptation of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, in which he alternated with actor Jonny Lee Miller in the roles of Victor Frankenstein and his creature. He earned rave reviews for his work and won several major theatrical awards, including the 2012 Olivier Award in Britain. He rounded out 2011 with roles in two high-profile films, Steven Spielberg’s War Horse and a big-screen adaptation of author John le Carré’s Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy.
From Star Trek to Alan Turing
Cumberbatch achieved a new level of fame as the villain Khan in the Hollywood blockbuster Star Trek into Darkness (2013). That same year he played WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange in The Fifth Estate; a well-intentioned slave owner in 12 Years a Slave, an adaptation of Solomon Northup’s narrative (1853) of his life in captivity; and a hapless young man in August: Osage County, based on the play by Tracy Letts. He also lent his posh growl to the computer-animated dragon Smaug in The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug (2013), the second installment in director Peter Jackson’s film trilogy of J.R.R. Tolkien’s novel.
In 2014 Cumberbatch starred as mathematician and logician Alan Turing in The Imitation Game, a drama that also featured Keira Knightley. For his performance, Cumberbatch received an Academy Award nomination for best actor. Also in 2014 he voiced an animated wolf in the comedy Penguins of Madagascar and reprised his role as Smaug in The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies. Cumberbatch returned to the stage as the titular Danish prince in a 2015 production of Hamlet. The entire run of the show, produced at the Barbican Centre, sold out a year in advance of the play’s opening. Also in 2015 he appeared in the film Black Mass as a state senator (and brother of gangster Whitey Bulger).
Doctor Strange and The Grinch
Cumberbatch then starred in Doctor Strange (2016), portraying a Marvel Comics superhero. He reprised the role in Thor: Ragnarok (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Avengers: Endgame (2019), Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021), and Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022).
Cumberbatch returned to television in A Child in Time (2017), a movie adapted from Ian McEwan’s novel of the same name about a father whose child goes missing, and Patrick Melrose (2018), a miniseries based on five novels by Edward St. Aubyn, focusing on a self-destructive English gentleman as he reckons with his past. During this time Cumberbatch supplied his distinctive voice to the animated features The Grinch and Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle (both 2018), playing the eponymous curmudgeon and the villainous tiger Shere Khan, respectively.
Credits from 2019 include Brexit, a TV movie following the 2016 campaign to withdraw Britain from the European Union; The Current War (completed in 2017 and released two years later), about the contest between Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse to determine which electrical system would power the United States; and the World War I drama 1917, which was directed by Sam Mendes. Cumberbatch later portrayed a Cold War spy in The Courier (2020).
In 2021 he appeared in a number of films, including The Mauritanian, which was based on the memoir of a man held at the Guantánamo Bay detention camp for 14 years, and The Electrical Life of Louis Wain, a biopic about a British artist who was known for his anthropomorphic drawings of cats. However, his most notable performance that year was in Jane Campion’s The Power of the Dog, a western about a rancher whose cruelty—especially toward his brother and the latter’s wife (played by married actors Jesse Plemons and Kirsten Dunst)—hides inner turmoil. For his work in the film, Cumberbatch received an Oscar nomination.
Cumberbatch was named a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 2015.
Lorraine Murray The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 87
|
https://ankitrathi.substack.com/p/9-movies-every-data-scientist-should-watch-ac05adc51145
|
en
|
9 Movies Every Data Scientist Should Watch
|
[
"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_96,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F651b838d-1f24-4517-9874-6be0e2679bf3_928x928.png",
"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_120,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99fd0be7-6a94-4254-81c9-79eb861af3ce_800x450.png",
"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_80,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc6465c09-4fe8-4465-b3db-37d4be122d25_800x800.jpeg",
"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_120,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99fd0be7-6a94-4254-81c9-79eb861af3ce_800x450.png",
"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99fd0be7-6a94-4254-81c9-79eb861af3ce_800x450.png",
"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba293b82-eb4f-4f05-98d1-ac1a4973034f_800x450.png",
"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b577415-463d-47da-8063-9aa7d3c20281_800x450.png",
"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc86db622-1c61-4869-a934-f53df4d97268_800x450.png",
"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8a68118-e782-43aa-9a09-ae56cf8e491b_800x450.png",
"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F441cd880-82b6-463a-8ccf-f5f372263acd_800x450.png",
"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F66d14998-fbe0-48ec-8d56-c4b5b6555ff1_800x450.png",
"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf6635f5-85e4-4317-ad20-e9ed8ace9a2e_800x450.png",
"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc5b5ab15-5cfb-40b3-b532-cfcc8250b00c_800x450.png",
"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7af67dc1-10d4-468b-8bf9-311246278e11_800x450.png",
"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_120,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99fd0be7-6a94-4254-81c9-79eb861af3ce_800x450.png",
"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/w_64,h_64,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep,g_auto/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fimg%2Favatars%2Flogged-out.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Ankit Rathi"
] |
2020-08-05T07:42:54+00:00
|
I have been a movie buff all my life.
|
en
|
https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc8300574-73c0-4c4d-bb30-8781d4a8ff45%2Ffavicon.ico
|
https://ankitrathi.substack.com/p/9-movies-every-data-scientist-should-watch-ac05adc51145
|
I have been a movie buff all my life.
I have watched almost all the top 250 movies from IMDB and every decent movie from my favourite genres.
Now, you may ask me how data science and movies are related.
Watch my episode on the same topic on YouTube here.
Well, there are a few worth-watching movies on science & technology, like biographies, real-life events, sci-fi et Cetra.
Today, I would like to talk about 9 movies every data scientist should watch.
Please note, that these movies are not specific to data science, and I am covering them in chronological order.
First one in the list is ‘2001: A Space Odyssey’.
This film is a 1968 science fiction, produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick.
With a computer named HAL, the plot follows a voyage to the Jupiter, after the discovery of an alien monolith.
This film deals with themes of human evolution, technology, artificial intelligence, and the possibility of extraterrestrial life.
It is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential films ever made.
Second movie that you should watch is ‘A Beautiful Mind’.
This film is a 2001 biographical drama, directed by Ron Howard.
It is based on the life of the American mathematician John Nash, a Nobel Laureate in Economics, and Abel Prize winner.
The plot covers Nash’s achievements in the field of Mathematics, despite suffering from serious mental disorder.
The film was well received by critics, but has been criticized, for its inaccurate portrayal of, some aspects of Nash’s life.
The third movie in my list is ‘Minority Report’.
This film is a 2002 science fiction, directed by Steven Spielberg, and loosely based on the 1956 short story, with the same name.
The plot is set in the year 2054, where PreCrime, a specialized police department, apprehends criminals based on foreknowledge of the crimes to be committed.
The film’s central theme is the question of ‘free-will’ versus ‘determinism’. It examines whether free-will can exist if the future is known in advance.
It was one of the best-reviewed films of 2002 and was nominated for several awards.
Next movie that I recommend is ‘Moneyball’.
This film is a 2011 biographical sports drama, directed by Bennett Miller.
The plot covers a baseball team’s 2002 season where their general manager attempts to assemble a competitive team.
In the film, the manager faced with the limited budget for players, builds a team of undervalued talent by taking a sophisticated sabermetric approach, to scouting and analyzing players.
It achieved box office success and critical acclaim, particularly for its acting and screenplay.
Fifth movie in my list is ‘Her’.
This film is a 2013 science-fiction romantic drama, written, directed, and produced by Spike Jonze.
The plot follows a man who develops a relationship, with an artificially intelligent virtual assistant, personified through a female voice.
The film received numerous awards and nominations.
In a 2016 BBC poll of 177 critics around the world, it was voted the 84th-greatest film since 2000.
Another movie that I would like to mention is ‘Interstellar’.
This film is a 2014 epic science fiction, directed, co-written and co-produced by Christopher Nolan.
Set in a dystopian future where humanity is struggling to survive, the plot follows a group of astronauts, who travel through a wormhole near Saturn, in search of a new home for humanity.
Interstellar received positive reviews for its screenplay, direction, visual effects, musical score and acting.
Seventh movie that I would like you to watch is ‘The Theory of Everything’.
This film is a 2014 biographical romantic drama, directed by James Marsh.
Set at the University of Cambridge, it details the life of the theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking.
This film is mainly about Jane Hawking, who deals with her relationship with ex-husband Stephen Hawking, his diagnosis of nervous system disease, and his success in the field of physics.
The film received positive reviews, with praise for the musical score, cinematography, and the performances of protagonists.
Next movie in my list is ‘The Imitation Game’.
This film is a 2014 historical drama, directed by Morten Tyldum.
The plot revolves around the life of a British cryptanalyst Alan Turing, who decrypted German intelligence messages, for the British government during the 2nd World War.
The title of the film quotes the name of the game Alan Turing proposed for answering the question “Can machines think?”
The film was criticized by some for its inaccurate portrayal of historical events, and for downplaying Turing’s homosexuality.
However, the LGBT community honoured it, for bringing Turing’s legacy to a wider audience, with its subtle and realistic approach.
The last movie that you should consider to watch is ‘Blade Runner 2049’.
This film is a 2017 science fiction, directed by Denis Villeneuve.
As a sequel to the 1982 film Blade Runner, it narrates the story of synthetic humans known as replicants.
In the film, Nexus-9 replicant known as “blade runner”, uncovers a secret that threatens to destabilize society and the course of civilization.
The film was praised by critics for its performances, direction, cinematography, musical score, production design, visual effects, and faithfulness to the original film.
So this is my list of movies every data scientist should watch.
Did you like this compilation? Let me know in the comments section.
Let’s end this post here;
Like, share & subscribe to my YouTube channel (ankitrathi.com/youtube) to get the latest updates.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 68
|
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/campaign/medal-of-freedom
|
en
|
The Presidential Medal of Freedom
|
[
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof-kareemabduljabbar.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof-nophoto_2.png",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof-ellendegeneres.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof-robertdeniro.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof-richardgarwin.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof-billmelindagates.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof-frankgehry.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/margaret_hamilton.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof-tomhanks.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof-gracehopper.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof-michaeljordan.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof-mayalin.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof-lornemichaels.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof-newtonminow.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof-eduardopadron.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof-robertredford.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof-dianaross.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof-vinscully.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof-brucespringsteen.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof-cicelytyson.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/yogi_berra.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/bonnie_carroll.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/shirley_chisholm.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/emilio_estefan.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/gloria_estefan.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/billy_frank.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/lee_hamilton.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/katherine_johnson.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/willie_mays.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/barbara_mikulski.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/itzak_perlman.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/william_ruckelshaus.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/stephen_sondheim.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/stephen_spielberg.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/barbara_streisand.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/james_taylor.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/minoru_yasui.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/alvin_ailey.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/isabel_allende.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/tom_brokaw.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/goodman_chaney_schwerner.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mildred_dresselhaus.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/john_dingell.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/ethel_kennedy.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/suzan-harjo.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/abner_mikva.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/patsy_takemoto_mink.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/edward_roybal.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/charlie_sifford.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/robert_solow.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/meryl_streep.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/marlo_thomas.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/stevie_wonder.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/banks.jpeg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/ben_bradlee.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/billclinton.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/daniel_inouye.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/kahneman.jpeg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/lugar.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/lynn.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/molina.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/ride.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/bayard_rustin.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/sandoval.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/dean_smith.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/steinem.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/vivian.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/wald.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/winfrey.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/albright.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/johndoar.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/bobdylan.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/william-foege.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/johnglenn.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/gordonhirabayashi.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/doloreshuerta.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/jankarski.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/juliette_gordon_low.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/toni_morrison.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/shimon_peres.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/john_paul_stevens.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/pat_summit.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/robertmgates.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/2010georgehwbush.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/angelamerkel.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/johnlewis.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/johnhadams.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof_maya_angelou.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/warrenbuffet1.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/jasperjohns.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/gerda_klein.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/drtomlittle.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/yoyoma.jpeg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/sylviamendez.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/stanmusial.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/billrussell.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/jeankennedy.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/johnjsweeney.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof_nancy_goodman_brinker.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof_pedro_jose_greer_jr.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/headshot_stephen_hawking.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/headshot_jack_kemp.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof_edward_kennedy.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/headshot_billie_jean_king.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/headshot_rev._joseph_lowery.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof_joe_medicine_crow_high_bird.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof_harvey_milk.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof_sandra_day_oconnor.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof_sidney_poitier.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/headshot_chita_rivera.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof_mary_robinson.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof_janet_davison_rowley-.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof_desmond_tutu.jpg",
"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/tout/tout_image/mof_muhammad_yunus.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"President",
"Barack Obama",
"White House",
"United States of America",
"44th President",
"White House history",
"President Obama",
"Barck",
"Barek",
"Barak",
"Barrack",
"Barrak",
"Obma",
"Barack"
] | null |
[] | null |
The Medal of Freedom is the Nation’s highest civilian honor, presented to individuals who have made especially meritorious contributions to the security or national interests of the United States, to world peace, or to cultural or other significant public or private endeavors.
|
en
|
/sites/default/themes/framedynamic/favicon.ico
|
The White House
|
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/node/349666
|
Medal of Freedom
"The Presidential Medal of Freedom is not just our nation's highest civilian honor—it's a tribute to the idea that all of us, no matter where we come from, have the opportunity to change this country for the better. From scientists, philanthropists, and public servants to activists, athletes, and artists, these 21 individuals have helped push America forward, inspiring millions of people around the world along the way."
— President Obama
The Presidential Medal of Freedom is the Nation’s highest civilian honor, presented to individuals who have made especially meritorious contributions to the security or national interests of the United States, to world peace, or to cultural or other significant public or private endeavors. The awards will be presented at the White House on November 22nd.
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 93
|
https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/can-you-get-rid-of-allergies-forever-one-specialist-gives-her-advice-1.6991719
|
en
|
Can you get rid of allergies forever? One specialist gives her advice
|
[
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctvnews/en/images/logos/CTVNewsLogo_desktop.png",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctvnews/en/images/logos/CTV.png",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016288.1724792533!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016218.1724788012!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7015729.1724765047!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016288.1724792533!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7015811.1724769082!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016495.1724798154!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.5801280.1646171537!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016092.1724782212!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7015585.1724758694!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016569.1724800866!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016407.1724802503!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016516.1724798561!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7015516.1724754997!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016264.1724790101!/httpImage/image.jpeg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpeg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.6880045.1715266608!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7015915.1724773058!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.6927077.1718379307!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016225.1724789449!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016287.1724792485!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016532.1724799114!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016323.1724793430!/httpImage/image.jpeg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpeg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7001223.1724796698!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016394.1724795145!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.6960573.1720735308!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.6291154.1699478715!/image/image.png_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.png",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.6838512.1714493982!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.6110630.1719328639!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.5932548.1654300049!/httpImage/image.jpeg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpeg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016441.1724796621!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016637.1724803278!/httpImage/image.png_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.png",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7013243.1724530131!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7015686.1724763421!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.6838512.1714493982!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7014838.1724704810!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/20/13-of-the-best-backpacks-for-kids.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.360.360.gw7z0.jpeg 360w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/20/13-of-the-best-backpacks-for-kids.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.480.480.gw7z0.jpeg 480w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/20/13-of-the-best-backpacks-for-kids.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.1080.1080.gw7z0.jpeg 1080w",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/27/-lunch-must-haves.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.360.360._sd2_.jpeg 360w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/27/-lunch-must-haves.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.480.480._sd2_.jpeg 480w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/27/-lunch-must-haves.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.1080.1080._sd2_.jpeg 1080w",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/26/the-best-gifts-august.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.360.360.ysrm_.jpeg 360w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/26/the-best-gifts-august.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.480.480.ysrm_.jpeg 480w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/26/the-best-gifts-august.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.1080.1080.ysrm_.jpeg 1080w",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/26/revlon-brush.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.360.360.9et10.jpeg 360w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/26/revlon-brush.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.480.480.9et10.jpeg 480w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/26/revlon-brush.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.1080.1080.9et10.jpeg 1080w",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/21/back-to-school-discounts.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.360.360.6nr_.jpeg 360w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/21/back-to-school-discounts.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.480.480.6nr_.jpeg 480w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/21/back-to-school-discounts.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.1080.1080.6nr_.jpeg 1080w",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/experience-fragments/ctv_news/national/health/health-boa/master/_jcr_content/root/responsivegrid_27151_155946468/responsivegrid_78099/teaser_copy_copy_cop_1623448575.coreimg.png/1674673134399/ctv-news-newsletter-promo.png",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/experience-fragments/ctv_news/national/health/health-boa/master/_jcr_content/root/responsivegrid_27151_155946468/responsivegrid_78099/teaser_copy_copy_cop.coreimg.png/1623045332722/ctv-news--voice-promo.png",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/experience-fragments/ctv_news/national/health/health-boa/master/_jcr_content/root/responsivegrid_27151_155946468/responsivegrid_78099/teaser_1461279347_co_1805837268.coreimg.png/1650379707643/ctv-news-app-promo.png",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/experience-fragments/ctv_news/national/health/health-boa/master/_jcr_content/root/responsivegrid_27151_155946468/responsivegrid_78099/teaser_1461279347_co.coreimg.png/1694114194756/ctvnews-social-logos-1.png",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/common/logos/bellmedia/BellMedia.svg",
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=3005664&cj=1&cv=4.4"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-08-07T11:16:00-04:00
|
If you suffer from allergies, frequent itchiness, rashes, sneezing and a stuffy nose can be the bane of your existence. But there's hope for allergy sufferers beyond antihistamines, says a pediatric allergist.
|
en
|
/content/dam/ctvnews/newicons/favicon/favicon.ico
|
CTVNews
|
https://www.ctvnews.ca/health/can-you-get-rid-of-allergies-forever-one-specialist-gives-her-advice-1.6991719
|
If you suffer from allergies, frequent itchiness, rashes, sneezing and a stuffy nose can be the bane of your existence.
But there's hope beyond antihistamines, which is a Band-Aid treatment for such bothersome allergic reactions, says a pediatric allergist.
The information you need to know, sent directly to you: Download the CTV News App
Immunotherapy, a preventative treatment, can be a lasting solution for those who are allergic to grass, trees, weed, dust, cats and dogs, says Dr. Amiirah Aujnarain.
"Immunotherapy is where we literally give you what you're allergic to on a regular basis so that your body builds blocking antibodies so that your symptoms improve over time for a more permanent solution," Aujnarain said in an interview with CTV's Your Morning on Wednesday.
Immunotherapy essentially acts like a vaccine that creates an immune response to protect yourself against allergies, she explained.
By doing immunotherapy for about three to five years, some can see symptoms lessen or even disappear for a few decades or even longer, the doctor noted.
Top health headlines, all in one place
While immunotherapy is known to be safe and effective, Aujnarain said there could be side effects such as itchiness or more serious reactions such as coughing, wheezing and hives. She said it's important for the doctor to monitor patients when they get immunotherapy.
Patients are also advised to consult their doctors before starting treatments.
For the full interview, watch the video above.
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 29
|
https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/index.php/799:_Stephen_Hawking
|
en
|
799: Stephen Hawking
|
[
"https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/images/5/50/stephen_hawking.png",
"https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/images/0/03/comment.png",
"https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/images/0/03/comment.png",
"https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/images/e/e5/Icons-mini-action_refresh_blue.gif",
"https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/lunarpages_160x600.jpg",
"https://www.explainxkcd.com/wiki/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png",
"https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/3.0/88x31.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Explain xkcd is a wiki dedicated to explaining the webcomic xkcd. Go figure.
|
en
|
/wiki/images/0/04/16px-BlackHat_head.png
| null |
|<
< Prev
Next >
>|
Stephen Hawking
Title text: Guys? The Town is supposed to be good, and I thou--' 'PHYSICIST STEPHEN HAWKING DECLARES NEW FILM BEST IN ALL SPACE AND TIME' 'No, I just heard that--' 'SHOULD SCIENCE PLAY A ROLE IN JUDGING BEN AFFLECK?' 'I don't think--' 'WHAT ABOUT MATT DAMON?'
Explanation[edit]
Stephen Hawking (1942-2018) was a renowned theoretical physicist. He was almost completely paralyzed due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and communicated with a speech-generating device, as shown in the first panel. In this comic, he mentions to Cueball and Megan maybe they could go to a movie together later, but they take it as a scientific declaration that they should go see a movie and have it published in a newspaper, which portrays it in hyperbolic tones, vastly exaggerating and misinterpreting his actual intent. In the final panel, Hawking is shown hanging his head in sadness since all he wanted to do was see a movie with his friends.
This can be taken as a satire of sensationalism of science in popular media, particularly in emphasizing the viewpoints of well-known and popular personalities in science. A similar theme was used in 1206: Einstein.
The title text continues the joke, with innocuous comments by Hawking interpreted as important revelations.
The Town is a movie which was released 10 days before this comic's release. Hawking tries to suggest they go see The Town which should be good, as he may know since it both received positive reviews and was a box office hit. But instead the newspapers again sensationalize his statements and declare The Town to be the best in the universe.
When Hawking then tries to state that this was just something he had heard, the newspaper asks if science should play a role in judging Ben Affleck. Ben Affleck directed, wrote and starred (top billing) in this movie, so any judgment of this film would reflect on Affleck. The media asks if science should have an opinion on art, in this case Ben Affleck, and thus judge it. It could be argued that it should not as art is not necessarily based on anything scientific, but to thus state that a scientist must now have an opinion on art is a completely different story. Hawking is here defined as Science. If he says so then it is the opinion of the Scientific community and not just his personal opinion.
Before Hawking even gets close to finishing his next sentence, the media asks what about Matt Damon -- should he judge him as well. Ben Affleck and Matt Damon have a long history together and came to prominence together as screenwriters of Good Will Hunting, winning an Oscar for the script. They also co-starred in the movie, with Matt Damon in a main role opposite Robin Williams. Following that, Matt Damon's acting career has been more commercially successful than Affleck's, causing speculation that their friendship could be in trouble over such details. But they have kept working together and are co-owners of the production company Pearl Street Films, so this is probably not the case.
But still more than ten years after their shared Oscar moment for best script for Good Will Hunting, many people think of Damon when they hear of Affleck and the other way around. This is the reason for the last question by the press.
Those of you feeling bad for Steven Hawking might feel good to know that he had a healthy social life in reality, and had even dabbled in a brief acting career (typically as cameo appearances).
A drawing of Stephen Hawking also appeared in 1000: 1000 Comics. If you wish to try and find him yourself first then do not read on or click the links below. If you need a bit of help to find him then this link will show you which number of 1000 he is in. Else you can find him fast as he is no. 49 in this numbered image.
Transcript[edit]
[Stephen Hawking with glasses and dark hair is sitting in his special wheelchair with a computer screen in front stuck to the chair and a large black rear wheel with four large white spokes. He is facing Cueball and Megan. His voice appears in a square machine readable font.]
Stephen Hawking: I thought maybe later we should go see a movie.
Cueball and Megan: !!!
[Cueball and Megan are running right.]
[The top half of a front page of a folded newspaper is shown in a frame-less panel. There are wavy plants on either side of the papers name at the top. Below this there is a big headline covering the page width in three rows. Below this is the article that covers the rest of the front page in five columns. The first column is the broadest and it is the beginning of the articles main body of text which is unreadable all the way trough. This columns has text all the way down. The top of the second and third column has a close up picture of Stephen Hawking face, he is sitting in his chair, but it can only be seen down to the top of the screen. The picture sits in the center of the article. Below there is a large caption. The rest of these two columns is more unreadable text. The fourth and fifth column begins with another large sub heading that covers an area of the same size as the picture to the left of it. Above this text there is a line that aligns with the top of the picture, so that it with the picture and the first line of text to the left makes a kind of division line all across the paper below the heading. The rest of these two columns is more unreadable text, except in the fifth column just above the middle where a small heading, with a frame around, raises a question which is just readable.]
The Times
Physicist Stephen Hawking suggests we see more films
Caption: Smartest man alive
Secondary headline: What could he know that we don't?
Question: Is this a warning?
[Stephen Hawking is sitting alone in his chair (like in the first image), looking down.]
add a comment! ⋅ add a topic (use sparingly)! ⋅ refresh comments!
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_in_film
|
en
|
2013 in film
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico
|
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/80px-Video-x-generic.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/28px-Video-x-generic.svg.png",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
] |
2008-04-14T02:46:26+00:00
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_in_film
|
Overview of the events of 2013 in film
List of years in film
+...
2013 in film is an overview of events, including award ceremonies, festivals, a list of country- and genre-specific lists of films, notable deaths, and film debuts. Three popular films (Top Gun, Jurassic Park, and The Wizard of Oz) were re-released in 3D and IMAX.
Evaluation of the year
[edit]
Richard Brody of The New Yorker said, "The year 2013 has been an amazing one for movies, though maybe every year is an amazing year for movies if one is ready to be amazed by movies. It's also a particularly apt year to make a list of the best films. Making a list is not merely a numerical act but also a polemical one, and the best of this year's films are polemical in their assertion of the singularity of cinema, as well as of the art form's opposition to the disposable images of television. The 2013 crop comprises an unplanned, if not accidental, collective declaration of the essence of the cinema, an art of images and sounds that, at their best, don't exist to tell a story or to tantalize the audience (though they may well do so) but, rather, to reflect a crisis in the life of the filmmaker and the state of the artist's mind or, even, soul." He also stated, "The best movies this year are films of combative cinema, audacious inventions in vision. The specificity and originality of their moment-to-moment creation of images offers new ways for viewers to confront the notion of what "narrative" might be. Their revitalization of storytelling as experience restores to the cinema its primordial mode of redefining consciousness. It's significant that some of the filmmakers in the forefront of that charge are from the generation of the elders, innovators of the seventies. In the age of radical cinema sparked by digital technology, the rise of independent producers, and the ready ubiquity of the history of cinema (thanks to DVDs and streaming video), these older directors have experienced a glorious second youth. That artistic rejuvenation is also due to the stimulating ambiance of actual youth—a young generation of freethinking cinephiles, critics, and filmmakers who, thanks to the Internet, make their appreciation of these sublime extremes widely and quickly known, even when the mainstream of viewers and reviewers miss out."[1]
Highest-grossing films
[edit]
The top 10 films released in 2013 by worldwide gross are as follows:
Highest-grossing films of 2013[2] Rank Title Distributor Worldwide gross[a] 1 Frozen Disney $1,280,802,282 2 Iron Man 3 $1,214,811,252 3 Despicable Me 2 Universal $970,766,005 4 The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug Warner Bros. $958,366,855 5 The Hunger Games: Catching Fire Lionsgate $865,011,746 6 Fast & Furious 6 Universal $788,679,850 7 Monsters University Disney $743,559,607 8 Gravity Warner Bros. $723,192,705 9 Man of Steel $670,145,518 10 Thor: The Dark World Disney $644,783,140
Box office records
[edit]
Frozen and Iron Man 3 both grossed over $1.2 billion, making them among the 50 highest-grossing films of all time.
Frozen became the second animated film after Toy Story 3 (2010) to gross $1 billion, and became the highest-grossing animated film at release.
Iron Man 3 became the second film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe to gross over $1 billion, after The Avengers.
Despicable Me 2 became the highest-grossing non-Disney animated film worldwide, surpassing the 9-year record of Shrek 2 (2004). However it was surpassed by Minions in 2015. It also became the highest-grossing film ever distributed by Universal in its initial release, surpassing the initial gross of Jurassic Park (1993), which grossed $912 million in its initial release 20 years earlier.
After being re-released in 3-D, Jurassic Park surpassed the $1 billion mark, and is the 41st highest-grossing film of all time. It also became the first film distributed by Universal to gross $1 billion.
Events
[edit]
2nd AACTA International Awards
18th Critics' Choice Awards
19th Screen Actors Guild Awards
28th Independent Spirit Awards
33rd Golden Raspberry Awards
39th Saturn Awards
61st FAMAS Awards
63rd Berlin International Film Festival
66th British Academy Film Awards
70th Golden Globe Awards
70th Venice International Film Festival
85th Academy Awards
2013 Cannes Film Festival
2013 MTV Movie Awards
2013 Sundance Film Festival
2013 Toronto International Film Festival
Awards
[edit]
Category/Organization 71st Golden Globe Awards
January 12, 2014 19th Critics' Choice Awards
January 16, 2014 Producers, Directors, Screen Actors, and Writers Guild Awards 67th BAFTA Awards
February 16, 2014 86th Academy Awards
March 2, 2014 Drama Musical or Comedy Best Film 12 Years a Slave American Hustle 12 Years a Slave 12 Years a Slave (tie)
Gravity (tie) 12 Years a Slave Best Director Alfonso Cuarón
Gravity Best Actor Matthew McConaughey
Dallas Buyers Club Leonardo DiCaprio
The Wolf of Wall Street Matthew McConaughey
Dallas Buyers Club Chiwetel Ejiofor
12 Years a Slave Matthew McConaughey
Dallas Buyers Club Best Actress Cate Blanchett
Blue Jasmine Amy Adams
American Hustle Cate Blanchett
Blue Jasmine Best Supporting Actor Jared Leto
Dallas Buyers Club Barkhad Abdi
Captain Phillips Jared Leto
Dallas Buyers Club Best Supporting Actress Jennifer Lawrence
American Hustle Lupita Nyong'o
12 Years a Slave Jennifer Lawrence
American Hustle Lupita Nyong'o
12 Years a Slave Best Screenplay, Adapted Spike Jonze
Her John Ridley
12 Years a Slave Billy Ray
Captain Philips Steve Coogan and Jeff Pope
Philomena John Ridley
12 Years a Slave Best Screenplay, Original Spike Jonze
Her David O. Russell
American Hustle Spike Jonze
Her Best Animated Film Frozen Best Original Score All Is Lost
Alex Ebert Gravity
Steven Price — Gravity
Steven Price Best Original Song "Ordinary Love"
Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom "Let It Go"
Frozen — — "Let It Go"
Frozen Best Foreign Language Film The Great Beauty Blue Is the Warmest Colour — The Great Beauty Best Documentary — — 20 Feet from Stardom We Steal Secrets: The Story of WikiLeaks The Act of Killing 20 Feet from Stardom
2013 films
[edit]
By country/region
[edit]
List of American films of 2013
List of Argentine films of 2013
List of Australian films of 2013
List of Bangladeshi films of 2013
List of Brazilian films of 2013
List of British films of 2013
List of French films of 2013
List of Hong Kong films of 2013
List of Italian films of 2013
List of Indian films of 2013
List of Assamese films
List of Bengali films of 2013
List of Bollywood films of 2013
List of Gujarati films
List of Kannada films of 2013
List of Malayalam films of 2013
List of Marathi films of 2013
List of Odia films of 2013
List of Punjabi films of 2013
List of Tamil films of 2013
List of Telugu films of 2013
List of Tulu films
List of Japanese films of 2013
List of Mexican films of 2013
List of Pakistani films of 2013
List of Russian films of 2013
List of South Korean films of 2013
List of Spanish films of 2013
By genre/medium
[edit]
List of action films of 2013
List of animated feature films of 2013
List of avant-garde films of 2013
List of comedy films of 2013
List of drama films of 2013
List of horror films of 2013
List of science fiction films of 2013
List of thriller films of 2013
List of western films of 2013
Deaths
[edit]
Month Date Name Age Country Profession Notable films January 1 Patti Page 85 US Actress, Singer 1 Barbara Werle 84 Actress 2 Ned Wertimer 89 Actor 2 Zaharira Harifai 83 Israel Actress 4 Tony Lip 82 US Actor 6 Jacques Fonteray 94 France Costume Designer 6 Roy Walker 81 UK Production Designer 7 David R. Ellis 60 US Director, Stuntman 11 Mariangela Melato 71 Italy Actress 13 Bille Brown 61 Australia Actor 14 Conrad Bain 89 Canada Actor 15 Nagisa Oshima 81 Japan Director 16 Perrette Pradier 74 France Actress 21 Michael Winner 77 UK Director, Producer 22 Leslie Frankenheimer 64 US Set Decorator 23 Susan Douglas Rubeš 87 Austria Actress 25 Normand Corbeil 56 Canada Composer 26 Patricia Lovell 83 Australia Producer 26 Lloyd Phillips 63 South Africa Producer 29 Bernard Horsfall 82 UK Actor 29 Garrett Lewis 77 US Set Decorator 30 Patty Andrews 94 US Singer, Actress February 1 Robin Sachs 62 UK Actor 2 John Kerr 81 US Actor 3 Peter Gilmore 81 Germany Actor 5 Stuart Freeborn 98 UK Makeup Artist 5 Gerry Hambling 86 UK Film Editor 8 Chris Brinker 42 US Producer, Director 8 Alan Sharp 79 UK Screenwriter 14 Richard J. Collins 98 US Screenwriter 17 Richard Briers 79 UK Actor 18 Matt Mattox 91 US Actor, Dancer 19 John Brascia 80 US Actor, Dancer 19 Lou Myers 77 US Actor 21 Del Tenney 82 US Director 22 George Ives 87 US Actor 27 Dale Robertson 89 US Actor 28 Armando Trovajoli 95 Italy Composer March 1 Pat Keen 79 UK Actress 1 Ric Menello 60 US Screenwriter 3 José Sancho 68 Spain Actor 4 Michael D. Moore 98 Canada Actor, Director 5 Robert Relyea 82 US Producer, Executive 5 Arthur Storch 87 US Actor 7 Damiano Damiani 90 Italy Screenwriter, Director 13 Malachi Throne 84 US Actor 16 Frank Thornton 92 UK Actor 17 Rosine Delamare 101 France Costume Designer 20 Risë Stevens 99 US Actress, Singer 21 Robert Nichols 88 US Actor 23 Norman Palmer 94 US Film Editor 26 Don Payne 48 US Screenwriter 27 Fay Kanin 95 US Screenwriter 28 Richard Griffiths 65 UK Actor 29 Enzo Jannacci 77 Italy Actor, Singer 30 Brian Ackland-Snow 72 UK Production Designer, Art Director 31 Helena Carroll 84 UK Actress April 2 Jesús Franco 82 Spain Director, Screenwriter 2 Milo O'Shea 86 Ireland Actor 3 Ruth Prawer Jhabvala 85 Germany Screenwriter 4 Roger Ebert 70 US Film Critic, Screenwriter 4 Tommy Tycho 84 Australia Composer 6 Bigas Luna 67 Spain Director 7 Les Blank 77 US Documentarian 7 Mickey Rose 77 US Screenwriter 8 Richard Brooker 58 UK Actor 8 Annette Funicello 70 US Actress, Singer 8 Greg Kramer 51 UK Actor 8 Sara Montiel 85 Spain Actress, Singer 11 Jonathan Winters 87 US Actor 12 Michael France 51 US Screenwriter 15 Richard LeParmentier 66 US Actor 17 Deanna Durbin 91 Canada Actress, Singer 19 Allan Arbus 95 US Actor 22 Vivi Bach 73 Denmark Actress 22 Richie Havens 72 US Actor, Singer 23 Norman Jones 80 UK Actor 25 Sean Caffrey 73 Ireland Actor 25 Virginia Gibson 88 US Actress, Singer 25 Johnny Lockwood 92 UK Actor 25 Anna Proclemer 89 Italy Actress 26 Jacqueline Brookes 82 US Actress 27 Brad Lesley 54 US Actor 30 Mike Gray 77 US Screenwriter May 4 Mario Machado 78 China Actor 5 Rossella Falk 86 Italy Actress 5 Dean Jeffries 80 US Stuntman 7 Ray Harryhausen 92 US Visual Effects Artist, Producer 7 Aubrey Woods 85 UK Actor 8 Jeanne Cooper 84 US Actress 8 Bryan Forbes 86 UK Director, Screenwriter, Actor 8 Taylor Mead 88 US Actor 15 Linden Chiles 80 US Actor 17 Penne Hackforth-Jones 63 Australia Actress 18 Steve Forrest 87 US Actor 18 Arthur Malet 85 UK Actor 21 Frank Comstock 90 US Composer, Orchestrator 22 Richard Thorp 81 UK Actor 28 Eddi Arent 88 Germany Actor 28 Eddie Romero 88 Philippines Director, Producer, Screenwriter 29 Nino Baragli 88 Italy Film Editor Franca Rame 83 Actress 30 Helen Hanft 79 US 31 Jean Stapleton 90 June 1 William Cartwright 92 Film Editor 5 Katherine Woodville 74 UK Actress 6 Maxine Stuart 94 US Actress Esther Williams 91 9 Harry Lewis 93 Actor 10 Valentin de Vargas 78 18 Valerie Allen 77 Actress 19 James Gandolfini 51 Actor 20 Diosa Costello 100 Puerto Rico Actress 21 Charles L. Campbell 82 US Sound Engineer Diane Clare 74 UK Actress Elliott Reid 93 US Actor 22 Gary David Goldberg 68 Director, Screenwriter 23 Richard Matheson 87 Screenwriter 23 Darryl Read 61 UK Actor, Singer 29 Jim Kelly 67 US Actor, Martial Artist July 1 Paul Jenkins 74 Actor 2 Victor Lundin 83 US Actor 3 Frank Morriss 85 Film Editor PJ Torokvei 62 Canada Screenwriter 7 Joe Conley 85 US Actor Anna Wing 98 UK Actress 10 Paul Bhattacharjee 53 UK Actor 13 Cory Monteith 31 Canada Actor, Singer 14 Dennis Burkley 67 US Actor 17 Vincenzo Cerami 72 Italy Screenwriter 19 Poncie Ponce 80 US Actor, Singer Mel Smith 60 UK Actor, Director 22 Dennis Farina 69 US Actor 23 Rona Anderson 86 UK Actress 24 Donald Symington 87 US Actor 25 Bernadette Lafont 74 France Actress 27 Suzanne Krull 47 US 28 Eileen Brennan 80 31 Michael Ansara 91 Syria Actor August 1 Gail Kobe 82 US Actress 2 Barbara Trentham 68 7 Margaret Pellegrini 89 8 Karen Black 74 10 Haji 67 Canada 11 Henry Polic II 68 US Actor 14 Lisa Robin Kelly 43 Actress Luciano Martino 79 Italy Producer 15 August Schellenberg 77 Canada Actor 19 Russell S. Doughten 86 US Producer, Screenwriter, Director 19 Stephenie McMillan 71 UK Set Decorator Lee Thompson Young 29 US Actor 20 Elmore Leonard 87 Screenwriter Ted Post 95 Director 23 Gilbert Taylor 99 UK Cinematographer 24 Julie Harris 87 US Actress 26 Gerard Murphy 64 Ireland Actor 27 Chris Kennedy Australia Director, Producer, Screenwriter 28 Murray Gershenz 91 US Actor September 1 Tommy Morrison 44 3 José Ramón Larraz 84 Spain Director 7 Fred Katz 94 US Composer 8 Louise Currie 100 US Actress Lou Morheim 91 Screenwriter 9 Patricia Blair 80 Actress 10 Don Nelson 86 Screenwriter 12 William A. Graham 87 Director 16 Patsy Swayze 86 US Choreographer 17 Michael Giannatos 72 Turkey Actor 18 Marta Heflin 68 US Actress Ken Norton 70 Actor Richard C. Sarafian 83 Director, Actor 19 Amidou 78 Morocco Actor 22 Luciano Vincenzoni 87 Italy Screenwriter 23 Jane Connell US Actress 27 John Calvert 102 US Actor Phyllis Davis 73 Actress A. C. Lyles 95 Producer Jay Robinson 83 Actor 29 Scott Workman 47 Stuntman 30 Anthony Hinds 91 UK Screenwriter, Producer 30 Ruth Maleczech 74 US Actress October 1 Giuliano Gemma 75 Italy Actor 2 Hilton A. Green 84 US Producer 3 Virginia Vincent 95 Actress 5 Carlo Lizzani 91 Italy Director, Screenwriter 6 Paul Rogers 96 UK Actor 7 Patrice Chéreau 68 France Actor, Screenwriter 9 Daniel H. Blatt 76 US Producer 10 Kumar Pallana 94 India Actor 12 Mann Rubin 85 US Screenwriter 13 John Barrard 89 UK Actor 16 Ed Lauter 74 US 17 Lou Scheimer 84 US Producer 19 Georges Descrières 83 France Actor Noel Harrison 79 UK Actor, Singer 22 William Harrison US Screenwriter 24 Antonia Bird 62 UK Director 25 Nigel Davenport 85 UK Actor Hal Needham 82 US Director, Stuntman Marcia Wallace 70 Actress 27 Luigi Magni 85 Italy Director, Screenwriter Lou Reed 71 US Actor, Singer 29 Graham Stark 91 UK Actor 31 Chris Chase 74 US Actress November 4 Hans von Borsody 84 Austria Actor 7 Paul Mantee 82 US 11 Shirley Mitchell 94 US Actress 13 Barbara Lawrence 83 US Marvin Paige 86 Casting Director Al Ruscio 89 Actor 15 Sheila Matthews Allen 84 Actress 19 Marc Breaux 89 Choreographer 22 Georges Lautner 87 France Director, Screenwriter 23 Jay Leggett 50 US Actor, Screenwriter 25 Chico Hamilton 92 Composer 26 Arik Einstein 74 Israel Singer, Actor Marcello Gatti 89 Italy Cinematographer Tony Musante 77 US Actor 27 Lewis Collins 67 UK 28 Danny Wells 72 Canada 30 Jean Kent 92 UK Actress Paul Walker 40 US Actor December 2 Christopher Evan Welch 48 3 Ronald Hunter 70 Sefi Rivlin 66 Israel 5 Barry Jackson 75 UK 7 Édouard Molinaro 85 France Director, Screenwriter 9 Eleanor Parker 91 US Actress 10 Rossana Podestà 79 Italy Actress 11 Garry Robbins 56 Canada Actor 12 Tom Laughlin 82 US Actor, Director, Screenwriter Audrey Totter 95 Actress 14 Peter O'Toole 81 UK Actor 15 Joan Fontaine 96 US Actress 19 Marty Hornstein 76 Production Manager, Producer 23 Jeff Pollack 54 Director, Screenwriter Ted Richmond 103 Producer 24 Frédéric Back 89 Canada Animator 26 Marta Eggerth 101 Hungary Actress, Singer 28 Joseph Ruskin 89 US Actor 29 Wojciech Kilar 81 Poland Composer 31 James Avery 68 US Actor John Fortune 74 UK
Film debuts
[edit]
Barkhad Abdi – Captain Phillips
Margot Bingham – Burning Blue
Deragh Campbell – I Used to Be Darker
Kid Cudi – Goodbye World
Amyra Dastur – Issaq
Natalia de Molina – Living Is Easy with Eyes Closed
Ansel Elgort – Carrie
Mia Goth – Nymphomaniac
Mckenna Grace – Goodbye World
Kelvin Harrison Jr. – 12 Years a Slave
Callie Hernandez – Machete Kills
Manny Jacinto – John Apple Jack
Elena Kampouris – Labor Day
Charlotte Kirk – Fractured
Isabela Merced – The House That Jack Built
RJ Mitte – House of Last Things
Michelle Mylett – Antisocial
Lupita Nyong'o – 12 Years a Slave
Jenna Ortega – Iron Man 3
Jake Picking – The Way, Way Back
Dascha Polanco – Gimme Shelter
Keith Powers – House Party: Tonight's the Night
Margaret Qualley – Palo Alto
Da'Vine Joy Randolph – Mother of George
Angourie Rice – These Final Hours
Ruby Rose – Around the Block
Jessica Rothe – The Last Keepers
Frederick Schmidt – Starred Up
LaKeith Stanfield – Short Term 12
Jimmy Tatro – Grown Ups 2
Owen Teague – Contest
William Tokarsky – The Hunger Games: Catching Fire
Jacob Tremblay – The Smurfs 2
Sophie Turner – Another Me
Samara Weaving – Mystery Road
Maisie Williams – Heatstroke
Sushant Singh Rajput – Kai Po Che!
Notes
[edit]
References
[edit]
Film portal
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 10
|
https://www.space.com/27779-theory-of-everything-stephen-hawking.html
|
en
|
'Theory of Everything' Film Reveals Stephen Hawking's Personal Life
|
[
"https://mos.fie.futurecdn.net/uyhgawbmc02uaww6-16455340654394.png",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/5HNQYf8BtV5haKjZztThcj-320-80.jpg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p/?c1=2&c2=10055482&cv=4.4.0&cj=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Kelly Dickerson"
] |
2014-11-14T21:50:33+00:00
|
The new biopic "The Theory of Everything" documents the personal life of cosmologist Stephen Hawking.
|
en
|
Space.com
|
https://www.space.com/27779-theory-of-everything-stephen-hawking.html
|
Famed astrophysicist Stephen Hawking changed cosmology with his ground-breaking work on black holes and the origin of space and time, but his personal life has stayed mostly out of the limelight. Until now.
The new movie "The Theory of Everything" is based on the memoir "Travelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen" (Alma Books, 1013), written by Stephen's ex-wife Jane Hawking. The film focuses on Jane Hawking's courage and determination to support Stephen Hawking, who was diagnosed with a type of motor neuron disease when he was 21. His mind remains undamaged, but the disease has destroyed most of his voluntary muscle control.
The film is first and foremost a love story, not a documentary on Hawking's scientific achievements, said Anthony McCarten, the film's screenwriter. [Images: Black Holes of the Universe]
"I didn't want it to be a science movie," McCarten told Space.com. "We don't want to see endless equations; we want a story."
But that didn't mean they left out all the physics. The director, James Marsh, said the film crew included an on-set physics adviser. Marsh and McCarten knew that, ultimately, Hawking and other physicists would see the film, so they wanted any science and math presented in the movie to be accurate.
"I wanted to honor his great discoveries," McCarten said. "There was never a deal where we get rid of some of his discoveries because we're not interested. They had to be there, but they had to be cinematic and entertaining."
McCarten said he always knew the film would have to be three stories in one: a science story that explores the origin of space and time, the horror story of Hawking's physical decline and the love story between Stephen and Jane. The movie is focused mostly on Hawking's personal life, but a few broad physics and cosmology themes are woven in. The idea was to keep the physics to a level where people could grasp the general nature of the ideas without needing to understand any of the details or complicated mathematics behind them.
"I decided, at some point, the trick would be, don't have a scientist explain the science," McCarten said. "And so you would be forced to use layman's terms and, more than that, forced to use objects lying on the table to try and explain quantum mechanics."
Still, audience members will not come away with much of an understanding of Hawking's discoveries and theories.
"Physics and movies don't really go together so well, and a dramatic film is not really the best place to discuss theoretical physics," Marsh said.
While directing the film, Marsh drew inspiration from anecdotes used to explain science, like Isaac Newton being hit on the head with an apple (gravity) and Archimedes jumping out of the tub naked and yelling "Eureka!" (Archimedes' Principle).
McCarten wrote the script before he ever approached Hawking about the movie, so the physicist had little input in the film.
However, Hawking did come to the second day of filming. Actor Eddie Redmayne, who plays Hawking in the film, said the pressure that day was incredible. The crew was filming a scene where Stephen and Jane watch a fireworks show at a school dance at the University of Cambridge.
"You saw this silhouette of him in his chair coming down, flanked by nurses, and his face was uplit by his computer screen like a kind of spotlight on his face. And then, as if on cue, the fireworks went off," Redmayne said. "And it was like the greatest entrance I have ever seen."
The movie is sparse on physics and cosmology, but provides a window into parts of Hawking's life that most people are not familiar with, McCarten said.
"He loves life, and that's kept him going," McCarten said. "If there's a secret to the guy, I think it's that."
"The Theory of Everything" is in theaters now.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 48
|
https://www.livescience.com/bizarre-stephen-hawking-theories.html
|
en
|
4 bizarre Stephen Hawking theories that turned out to be right (and 6 we're not sure about)
|
[
"https://mos.fie.futurecdn.net/nsn8tjxqmqhfgoo4-16455329884552.png",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/M9rQyo94g8eTthKpAitCge-320-80.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/g76rqkL642Pw4V5ZdpMwse-320-80.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/vWhqxeqLegEjDDqQrkX9Bf-320-80.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/Qzs2VXkkgEnvmFfhkPivQf-320-80.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/kHKAP7DZ5MwGF2V839t9jf-320-80.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/V55T5TLbPu5pPRjnweBsoe-320-80.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/m2SPmLrdjKxNxAFcxjvS5f-320-80.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/Kdrv86Ss8YbU38n2eBFHKf-320-80.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/mWZcNLxpxifMLJNA2MCSWf-320-80.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/9E78xHM8NsuseiqoFNcacf-320-80.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/N8N83BbvTFUhW2MJjJ6amb-320-80.jpg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p/?c1=2&c2=10055482&cv=4.4.0&cj=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Andrew May"
] |
2021-07-22T13:22:46+00:00
|
Some of Hawking's theories revolutionised the way we view the universe, but others still leave scientists scratching their heads.
|
en
|
livescience.com
|
https://www.livescience.com/bizarre-stephen-hawking-theories.html
|
Stephen Hawking was one of the greatest theoretical physicists of the modern age. Best known for his appearances in popular media and his lifelong battle against debilitating illness, his true impact on posterity comes from his brilliant five-decade career in science. Beginning with his doctoral thesis in 1966, his groundbreaking work continued nonstop right up to his final paper in 2018, completed just days before his death at the age of 76.
Hawking worked at the intellectual cutting edge of physics, and his theories often seemed bizarrely far-out at the time he formulated them. Yet they're slowly being accepted into the scientific mainstream, with new supporting evidence coming in all the time. From his mind-blowing views of black holes to his explanation for the universe’s humble beginnings, here are some of his theories that were vindicated … and some that are still up in the air.
The Big Bang wins
Hawking got off to a flying start with his doctoral thesis, written at a critical time when there was heated debate between two rival cosmological theories: the Big Bang and the Steady State. Both theories accepted that the universe is expanding, but in the first it expands from an ultra-compact, super-dense state at a finite time in the past, while the second assumes the universe has been expanding forever, with new matter constantly being created to maintain a constant density. In his thesis, Hawking showed that the Steady State theory is mathematically self-contradictory. He argued instead that the universe began as an infinitely small, infinitely dense point called a singularity. Today, Hawking's description is almost universally accepted among scientists.
Black holes are real
More than anything else, Hawking's name is associated with black holes — another kind of singularity, formed when a star undergoes complete collapse under its own gravity. These mathematical curiosities arose from Einstein's theory of general relativity, and they had been debated for decades when Hawking turned his attention to them in the early 1970s.
According to an article in Nature, his stroke of genius was to combine Einstein's equations with those of quantum mechanics, turning what had previously been a theoretical abstraction into something that looked like it might actually exist in the universe. The final proof that Hawking was correct came in 2019, when the Event Horizon Telescope obtained a direct image of the supermassive black hole lurking in the center of giant galaxy Messier 87.
Hawking radiation
Black holes got their name because their gravity is so strong that photons, or particles of light, shouldn't be able to escape from them. But in his early work on the subject, Hawking argued that the truth is more subtle than this monochrome picture.
By applying quantum theory — specifically, the idea that pairs of "virtual photons" can spontaneously be created out of nothing — he realized that some of these photons would appear to be radiated from the black hole. Now referred to as Hawking radiation, the theory was recently confirmed in a laboratory experiment at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Israel. In place of a real black hole, the researchers used an acoustic analog — a "sonic black hole" from which sound waves cannot escape. They detected the equivalent of Hawking radiation exactly in accordance with the physicist's predictions.
Black hole area theorem
In classical physics, entropy, or the disorder of a system that can only ever increase with time, never decreases. Together with Jacob Bekenstein, Hawking proposed that the entropy of a black hole is measured by the surface area of its surrounding event horizon.
The recent discovery of gravitational waves emitted by merging pairs of black holes shows that Hawking was right again. As Hawking told the BBC after the first such event in 2016, "the observed properties of the system are consistent with predictions about black holes that I made in 1970 ... the area of the final black hole is greater than the sum of the areas of the initial black holes." More recent observations have provided further confirmation of Hawking's "area theorem."
So the world is gradually catching up with Stephen Hawking's amazing predictions. But there are still quite a few that have yet to be proven one way or the other:
The information paradox
The existence of Hawking radiation creates a serious problem for theoreticians. It seems to be the only process in physics that deletes information from the universe.
The basic properties of the material that went into making the black hole appear to be lost forever; the radiation that comes out tells us nothing about them. This is the so-called information paradox that scientists have been trying to solve for decades. Hawking's own take on the mystery, which was published in 2016, is that the information isn't truly lost. It's stored in a cloud of zero-energy particles surrounding the black hole, which he dubbed "soft hair." But Hawking's hairy black hole theorem is only one of several hypotheses that have been put forward, and to date no one knows the true answer.
Primordial black holes
Black holes are created from the gravitational collapse of pre-existing matter such as stars. But it's also possible that some were created spontaneously in the very early universe, soon after the Big Bang.
Hawking was the first person to explore the theory behind such primordial black holes in depth. It turns out they could have virtually any mass whatsoever, from very light to very heavy — though the really tiny ones would have "evaporated" into nothing by now due to Hawking radiation. One intriguing possibility considered by Hawking is that primordial black holes might make up the mysterious dark matter that astronomers believe permeates the universe. However, as LiveScience previously reported, current observational evidence indicates that this is unlikely. Either way, we currently don't have observational tools to detect primordial black holes or to say whether they make up dark matter.
The multiverse
One of the topics Hawking tinkered with toward the end of his life was the multiverse theory — the idea that our universe, with its beginning in the Big Bang, is just one of an infinite number of coexisting bubble universes.
Hawking wasn't happy with the suggestion, made by some scientists, that any ludicrous situation you can imagine must be happening right now somewhere in that infinite ensemble. So, in his very last paper in 2018, Hawking sought, in his own words, to "try to tame the multiverse." He proposed a novel mathematical framework that, while not dispensing with the multiverse altogether, rendered it finite rather than infinite. But as with any speculation concerning parallel universes, we have no idea if his ideas are right. And it seems unlikely that scientists will be able to test his idea any time soon.
Chronology protection conjecture
Surprising as it may sound, the laws of physics — as we understand them today — don't prohibit time travel. The solutions to Einstein's equations of general relativity include "closed time-like curves," which would effectively allow you to travel back into your own past. Hawking was bothered by this, because he felt that backward travel in time raised logical paradoxes that simply shouldn't be possible.
So he suggested that some currently unknown law of physics prevents closed timelike curves from occurring — his so-called "chronology protection conjecture." But "conjecture" is just science-speak for "guess," and we really don't know whether time travel is possible or not.
No creator
One of the questions cosmologists get asked most often is "what happened before the Big Bang?" Hawking's own view was that the question is meaningless. To all intents and purposes, time itself — as well as the universe and everything in it — began at the Big Bang.
"For me, this means that there is no possibility of a creator," he said, and as LiveScience previously reported, "because there is no time for a creator to have existed in." That's an opinion many people will disagree with, but one that Hawking expressed on numerous occasions throughout his life. It almost certainly falls in the "will never be resolved one way or the other" category.
Doomsday prophecies
In his later years, Hawking made a series of bleak prophecies concerning the future of humanity that he may or may not have been totally serious about, BBC reported
These range from the suggestion that the elusive Higgs boson, or "God particle," might trigger a vacuum bubble that would gobble up the universe to hostile alien invasions and artificial intelligence (AI) takeovers. Although Stephen Hawking was right about so many things, we'll just have to hope he was wrong about these.
Originally published on Live Science.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 33
|
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/28/science/stephen-hawkings-movie-life-story-is-not-very-scientific.html
|
en
|
The Movie Life Story of Stephen Hawking Is Not Very Scientific
|
[
"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2014/10/28/science/28OVER/28OVER-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&auto=webp&disable=upscale"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Dennis Overbye",
"www.nytimes.com",
"dennis-overbye"
] |
2014-10-28T00:00:00
|
A new movie about Stephen Hawking’s life brings the man to life, but leaves viewers in the dark about what his science means.
|
en
|
/vi-assets/static-assets/favicon-d2483f10ef688e6f89e23806b9700298.ico
|
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/28/science/stephen-hawkings-movie-life-story-is-not-very-scientific.html
|
It would be nice if producers of science movies spent half as much time on getting the science right as they do on, say, wardrobes or hairstyles.
I’m tired of complaining about this, but we are in an extraordinary run of such movies right now, and I’d love to see one that doesn’t make me gnash my teeth.
Last year, “Gravity,” which won seven Oscars, delivered amazingly realistic depictions of space hardware and weightlessness, but bungled the simple rules of orbital mechanics. Next week will bring us not one but two movies with black holes at their core: “The Theory of Everything,” about the early life and times of Stephen Hawking, the British physicist and best-selling author; and “Interstellar,” directed and written by the Nolan brothers, Christopher and Jonathan, about astronauts traveling through a wormhole to find a new home for humanity. (Intriguingly, it is based on work by one of Dr. Hawking’s oldest buddies, Kip Thorne of the California Institute of Technology.)
“The Theory of Everything” has a lot going for it. Eddie Redmayne is justly being promoted for an Oscar nomination for his uncanny portrayal of Dr. Hawking and the relentless wasting effects of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a.k.a. Lou Gehrig’s disease, for which any number of celebrities have lately endured an orgy of ice-bucket drenchings.
Millions of people and science fans who have read Dr. Hawking’s books, flocked to his lectures and watched him on “The Simpsons,” “Star Trek” and “The Big Bang Theory” have never known him except as a wheelchaired figure speaking in a robotic voice; for all they know he was always that way and floated down to Earth on a comet, like Venus drifting in on a half-shell.
Mr. Redmayne’s performance — from the gnarled, paralyzed fingers to the mischievous spark that lights an otherwise frozen face as he savors a joke or a bon mot — is spot on. The dramatic high point, when he clicks a mouse and the words “My name is Stephen Hawking” come out of a speaker with a robotic American accent, is a genuine creation moment. There were tears in my eyes.
Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.
Thank you for your patience while we verify access.
Already a subscriber? Log in.
Want all of The Times? Subscribe.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 66
|
https://www.mtv.com/
|
en
|
Homepage - Shows & Schedules
|
https://images.paramount.tech/uri/mgid:arc:imageassetref:ws.mtv.com:077c145e-d53b-4a22-be87-21c2fcab7c02?quality=0.7&gen=ntrn&format=jpg&width=1200&height=630&crop=true
|
https://images.paramount.tech/uri/mgid:arc:imageassetref:ws.mtv.com:077c145e-d53b-4a22-be87-21c2fcab7c02?quality=0.7&gen=ntrn&format=jpg&width=1200&height=630&crop=true
|
[
"https://images.paramount.tech/uri/mgid:arc:imageassetref:ws.mtv.com:d408a584-8327-4abe-b284-091536acd373?quality=0.7&gen=ntrn&format=webp&height=900&width=320&crop=true",
"https://images.paramount.tech/uri/mgid:arc:imageassetref:ws.mtv.com:8d709381-c909-4684-8a60-721de952c02b?quality=0.7&gen=ntrn&format=webp&height=900&width=320&crop=true",
"https://images.paramount.tech/uri/mgid:arc:imageassetref:ws.mtv.com:ff14d225-2fbb-4d24-afb8-199b7f5f3258?quality=0.7&gen=ntrn&format=webp&height=900&width=320&crop=true",
"https://images.paramount.tech/uri/mgid:arc:imageassetref:ws.mtv.com:0b661b1d-357b-48d5-8bc5-83831f67e3b1?quality=0.7&gen=ntrn&format=webp&height=900&width=320&crop=true",
"https://images.paramount.tech/uri/mgid:arc:imageassetref:ws.mtv.com:b8bc075c-850d-488b-9038-8221189e2c8f?quality=0.7&gen=ntrn&format=webp&height=900&width=320&crop=true",
"https://images.paramount.tech/uri/mgid:arc:imageassetref:ws.mtv.com:24501233-64e2-4dee-910a-9e20928c4a7d?quality=0.7&gen=ntrn&format=webp&width=320",
"https://images.paramount.tech/uri/mgid:arc:imageassetref:ws.mtv.com:f7cc2f32-1fea-4ba9-af13-2593284f27cd?quality=0.7&gen=ntrn&format=webp&width=320",
"https://images.paramount.tech/uri/mgid:arc:imageassetref:ws.mtv.com:a73f70e9-77ee-47b7-8ba0-798fdce40a51?quality=0.7&gen=ntrn&format=webp&width=320",
"https://www.mtv.com/svg/mtv.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
MTV brings viewers the best in lifestyle and competition reality shows, plus live events featuring the biggest names in entertainment.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
MTV
|
https://www.mtv.com
|
The Challenge 40: Battle of the Eras
Season Premiere Wednesday 8/7c
Forty legends kick off Season 40, with Challengers divided into four teams based on when they first entered the game.
RuPaul's Drag Race Global All Stars
Queens from Around the Globe Come to Slay
Twelve of the world's best queens compete for a chance to be crowned the first-ever Global All Star, starting August 16.
|
||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 8
|
https://www.intofilm.org/films/18273
|
en
|
The Theory of Everything
|
[
"https://www.intofilm.org/img/f/logo-IF10-color.png",
"https://www.intofilm.org/img/f/bfi-lottery_logo.png",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/scaledcropped/1096x548https%3A/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/images.cdn.filmclub.org/film__18273-the-theory-of-everything--hi_res-1790e3d7.jpg/film__18273-the-theory-of-everything--hi_res-1790e3d7.jpg",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/scaledcropped/970x546https%3A/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/images.cdn.filmclub.org/film__18273-the-theory-of-everything--hi_res-1790e3d7.jpg/film__18273-the-theory-of-everything--hi_res-1790e3d7.jpg",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/scaled/0x26/img/c/classifications-logos/12.png",
"https://www.intofilm.org/img/c/licensor/powered-by.png",
"https://www.intofilm.org/img/c/licensor/filmbank-logo.png",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/675/scaledcropped/755x425/resources/675/the-theory-of-everything-image.jpg",
"https://www.intofilm.org/img/c/licensor/powered-by.png",
"https://www.intofilm.org/img/c/licensor/filmbank-logo.png",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/scaled/0x38/img/c/classifications-logos/12.png",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/675/scaledcropped/755x425/resources/675/the-theory-of-everything-image.jpg",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/676/scaledcropped/444x250/resources/676/the-theory-of-everything-header.jpg",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/584/scaledcropped/444x250/resources/584/windows-movie-maker.jpg",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/scaledcropped/444x250https%3A/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/images.cdn.filmclub.org/film__2889-my-left-foot--hi_res-c8f8521a.jpg/film__2889-my-left-foot--hi_res-c8f8521a.jpg",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/scaled/0x33/img/c/classifications-logos/15.png",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/scaledcropped/444x250https%3A/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/images.cdn.filmclub.org/film__4318-the-diving-bell-and-the-butterfly--hi_res-86e7265e.jpg/film__4318-the-diving-bell-and-the-butterfly--hi_res-86e7265e.jpg",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/scaled/0x33/img/c/classifications-logos/12.png",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/scaledcropped/444x250https%3A/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/images.cdn.filmclub.org/film__2704-a-beautiful-mind--hi_res-9f20a497.jpg/film__2704-a-beautiful-mind--hi_res-9f20a497.jpg",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/scaled/0x33/img/c/classifications-logos/12.png",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/5440/scaledcropped/797x448/resources/5440/anson-road-into-film-club.jpg",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/5443/scaledcropped/797x448/resources/5443/coleg-sir-gar-into-film-club-do-i-need-a-licence-header.jpg",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/3537/scaledcropped/797x448/resources/3537/how-do-clubs-work-header.jpg",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/5441/scaledcropped/797x448/resources/5441/into-film-cpd-training-bolton.jpg",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/789/scaledcropped/444x250/resources/789/16277-the-social-network-columbia-pictures-2010-cropped.jpg",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/2627/scaledcropped/444x250/resources/2627/arrival.jpg",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/537/scaledcropped/444x250/resources/537/eddie-redmayne-news.jpg",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/834/scaledcropped/444x250/resources/834/harryeronitabafta-news.jpg",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/1259/scaledcropped/444x250/resources/1259/theory-of-everything.png",
"https://www.intofilm.org/intofilm-production/5333/scaledcropped/444x250/resources/5333/see-what-you-did-respect-ip.jpg",
"https://www.intofilm.org/img/c/x-twitter.svg",
"https://www.intofilm.org/img/f/bfi-lottery_logo.png",
"https://www.intofilm.org/img/f/cinema-first_logo.png",
"https://www.intofilm.org/img/f/nothern-ireland_logo.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Into Film"
] | null |
[
"Into Film"
] | null |
Film Item
|
en
|
/img/f/favicon.ico
| null |
Synopsis
Based on the book written by his wife, this moving drama tells the story of renowned British scientist Stephen Hawking. Following his life from his days as a dazzling young Cambridge student to his present status as a global icon, the film takes in some of his startling early theories as well as his devastating diagnosis of motor neuron disease aged 21. Perhaps less familiar, the film also focuses in large part on Hawking’s domestic life, in particular his long and at times challenging marriage to Jane. Remarkable performances from Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones bring a moving sense of realism to an exceptional story.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 64
|
https://www.eonline.com/ca/news/1262239/meet-the-real-life-people-who-inspired-these-2021-oscar-nominated-movies
|
en
|
Meet the Real People Who Inspired These 2021 Oscar
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Ryan Gajewski"
] |
2021-04-24T13:00:00+00:00
|
Ahead of the 2021 Oscars ceremony on April 25, take a look at the real-life subjects who inspired some of this year's nominated films, side-by-side with the stars who played them.
|
/images/icon.png
|
E! Online
|
https://www.eonline.com/ca/news/1262239/meet-the-real-life-people-who-inspired-these-2021-oscar-nominated-movies
|
Perhaps it's not surprising that, in a year marked by hardship for so many people, a slew of popular films succeeded by telling real-life individuals' stories of pain and triumph.
Heading into the 2021 Academy Awards ceremony on Sunday, April 25, many of the films in the hunt for Oscars tell biographical narratives about public figures and lesser-known folks alike.
Earning the most nominations of any film this year with 10, Mank focuses on screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz, the title character played by Gary Oldman, who is under pressure to complete his script for Orson Welles' Citizen Kane.
Also earning accolades for bringing historical figures to life were Judas and the Black Messiah, The Trial of the Chicago 7 and The United States vs. Billie Holiday, among others.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 31
|
https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/dc-animated-movies-in-order/
|
en
|
DC Animated Movies In Order: How to Watch 54 Original and Universe Films
|
[
"https://graph.facebook.com/v2.2/100001988417196/picture",
"https://images.fandango.com/cms/assets/68ffa860-b30f-11ed-9d20-83ee649e98bd--rotten-logo-ko-322x100.png",
"https://images.fandango.com/cms/assets/68ffa860-b30f-11ed-9d20-83ee649e98bd--rotten-logo-ko-322x100.png",
"https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/wp-content/themes/RottenTomatoes/images/icons/social_twitter.png",
"https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/wp-content/themes/RottenTomatoes/images/icons/social_fb_share.png",
"https://prd-rteditorial.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/28103437/RM9l3OVMRnyQOzmIKhZX5BJ2q9etWn4uovuyS8AG36o.png",
"https://prd-rteditorial.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/28103440/wmRz9fM8OvKGcMy1vqV4Rw4su6-0bjXezi9cxjDZbw.png",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/-J25QloTU5vNUC58q8m5d-a6KMg=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p172374_p_v11_af.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/e1jLolvqcQrPZ24WmQHPShUmdrQ=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p177642_p_v8_ak.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/XxFzelX_PdDoaTlDW9gt6SYq9Y4=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p181731_p_v10_au.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/COSWWBNrb4UzDHPCTaOn7dN4TQQ=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p194693_p_v10_ax.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/gQT0jt4bj_pr51LUGrTkBlh7Jtw=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p3564988_p_v10_ab.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/QoPZR1ZA28DE_3Yb2_ct5BychLI=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p7806589_p_v10_aa.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/-Wsf9Dx_d-U7SJOatXyW_OnsH_o=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p8013559_p_v10_ai.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/w81WLbQjcRGW8ywXa73PzICQy1k=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p8129393_p_v10_ay.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/9IcxAjS_8H9SDuAzxKz6HF81AHg=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p8269833_p_v8_am.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/Hia67hG7o3tyT_qXLoeShJme300=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p8513128_p_v10_an.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/w-VPYsRBt3mRzcEgQyDlu4i13Bo=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p8619414_p_v8_as.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/vd9Hd5wPLj2OU45Po7Ng5rwRE4s=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p8859432_p_v8_ad.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/z8Kc2CotEkDEu2PhRGvfh8nl2ig=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p8995463_p_v8_ah.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/UV9uTx0ERSu9NufeLf5fJO9DfWA=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p9269052_p_v8_ae.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/_hTdrHHIoOjx9HBgiJz0GHR-68w=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p9410706_p_v8_ag.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/9rbcRYPFaHZlFk_KtTYwHCt9JIs=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p9678798_p_v8_ag.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/_s5UKeEksWrGHeBDfx8-Zs7BMOE=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p9891343_p_v10_ac.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/cFtiiRyKLNyyhBOdEKhPmPk_FhY=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p9991934_p_v8_af.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/TEBRxyO_SFar0F57xRKhkO-3Q2o=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p10460755_p_v10_af.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/xrb9P28Xk0O3fNMXcZj_jY9aga4=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p10630549_p_v10_ai.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/MRNEostqAu_o1COybw_4Lqipv1k=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p10837622_p_v8_ai.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/D1yR_79-p1VAWmGykz0_UqbyadQ=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p11289404_p_v10_ad.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/LdYYNf0QE14Aiu8fEFRX_nnKtS4=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p11542222_p_v10_aa.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/8Co5kRS_6m0JBlPQX6JygBdXw6g=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p11804130_p_v10_am.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/4E2Jxy39qA8QndYnAN3JTkzpfdE=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p12462349_p_v8_am.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/TZJZvHmyFoBGxaBaftRvGSt_wWg=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p12614739_p_v10_ae.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/bBOMsOEOnUz-PDyq_2NHv-lcAbI=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p13026012_p_v10_ae.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/fNZU4sR64MxG84Mg-smo9ntGJt8=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p13661364_p_v10_aa.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/hnGh9z6xyHk5SEQvDtLmbTfiTIs=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p13867381_p_v8_an.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/-6BdZHVJK8psBvNvTbWTlBMoFNY=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p14111595_p_v10_ac.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/jlKcLT7lFDubeinZrxmp8HrvFZA=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p14591934_p_v10_ab.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/d739BEUk2w-4-bSGV-GSpcUz7K0=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p15101072_p_v8_aa.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/eYBGSwPBDk6wdsti8RAL6z9R1PU=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/yjgGOJUeRuWtWIR3L05OttsPxPM=/ems.cHJkLWVtcy1hc3NldHMvbW92aWVzLzY3NzkwNTFkLWQ5ODMtNDQzNi04YjA0LTMzMDUzOWNjOGZjMC53ZWJw",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/ijA84aPJFZWjWPkDdEgKWVXqGsY=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p15803663_p_v8_aa.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/k7m8-WTVzrlsk42fMjNTvYBBHlI=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/U_5pl8YXeqcpivV9qCM9eLCEV2g=/ems.cHJkLWVtcy1hc3NldHMvbW92aWVzL2Q3YzNkYmE0LTJjYmQtNDNhOS05NThlLTcxNDg2NGY3NmU3ZC53ZWJw",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/6QSucnX1AAUBmV9PhHwqR7CbfuE=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p16571080_p_v8_aa.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/ZorzJmPdfurMz-gqlqvrMMp97tI=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/eKY6baK3MCXdn5D0o_ozckwAW1Y=/ems.cHJkLWVtcy1hc3NldHMvbW92aWVzLzBjNzBjOWNjLThiMTYtNDU4Yy04NDI0LTkzNmZiOGY3MjViMi53ZWJw",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/v3jJRLv2FQpV8k9mF6BBlxLnTiM=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p16866980_p_v8_aa.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/jeeRZwq76vRqYD6EmKgG6c7fvHk=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/zJhWXyJ8Qjg_79S8P1bqRMdJ6yE=/ems.cHJkLWVtcy1hc3NldHMvbW92aWVzL2Y4YzE5ZDE3LWRhMzktNDliOC1iYTUxLTk1ZjBiMzZiMDJlZC53ZWJw",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/Nm0-boCmjDiq6-RgdIJXClHaPjA=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p18063532_p_v13_aa.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/YJk30goH85OMR2cVYwoMtGzm_SQ=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p18363429_p_v13_aa.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/um7sMw1gA-5ccCu3pvpCxpNKUzI=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p19043329_p_v8_aa.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/-TE7CpYZbwDngKYh_lnIhwH8Qx0=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p19369780_p_v13_aa.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/Ivix7fgnuNVtaF5ALVtCcVB2w4I=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/2AabCNEl7TWxj7YVBM444BCx1iw=/ems.cHJkLWVtcy1hc3NldHMvbW92aWVzLzIzYTc4OTY3LTEwNWMtNDE3NS1iYjNhLThiZGE1OTEwY2ZmOS5wbmc=",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/kBn0BaWrZLJVZQbnBwox_SsdXIw=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/4my_JE2pwOM1WZyf50dSJJwzRsA=/ems.cHJkLWVtcy1hc3NldHMvbW92aWVzL2MwYmU5MGU1LTc3MTQtNGRlOC1iZjUxLTllNDc5YjllMmMzMi5qcGc=",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/ib29vIXaisZBxOqmea9cGieROXg=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p20402128_v_v13_ae.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/-aEHukCpYpyQR6eoFcPEVuU6X_U=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p20811752_p_v13_aa.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/84NixyIXoV_C5J2PoXz8LW0sqRs=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/3OU53DjXbAK2_G0bNA5aqpqWJVQ=/ems.cHJkLWVtcy1hc3NldHMvbW92aWVzLzA2Yzk2OWMyLTZmMDItNDBlYi1iZDU5LWMxMzNmODIyMTJhMi5qcGc=",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/y0jkngmUYc4sRHNpPKpD5lhgBKA=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p22548638_p_v13_aa.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/jglsMMIjeY7umjdwr5xhfkr6yWU=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p23374294_v_v13_aa.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/s8ROGXezJzY0yn8th0BQyu8idEk=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p23892791_v_v13_aa.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/IWjvt4r7L6rAKvq6UuJmvtfylRk=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p24627965_p_v13_aa.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/ivrjp1fQI1UlmptXVFeii5ZzRmQ=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p26048681_v_v13_aa.jpg",
"https://resizing.flixster.com/tYZItcBZhPxhJXtgrN9E2xu-QiU=/fit-in/180x240/v2/https://resizing.flixster.com/-XZAfHZM39UwaGJIFWKAE8fS0ak=/v3/t/assets/p26773512_p_v13_ab.jpg",
"https://prd-rteditorial.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/12161615/Freakier_Friday_RT_Interview-600x314-1.jpg",
"https://prd-rteditorial.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/12110621/Deadpool_Wolverine_BO3-Rep.jpg",
"https://prd-rteditorial.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/12122352/600Borderlands2.jpg",
"https://prd-rteditorial.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/12122352/600Borderlands2.jpg",
"https://prd-rteditorial.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/05133913/600BatmanCaped.jpg",
"https://prd-rteditorial.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/26152214/600DeadpoolWolverine5.jpg",
"https://prd-rteditorial.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/12161615/Freakier_Friday_RT_Interview-600x314-1.jpg",
"https://prd-rteditorial.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/12110621/Deadpool_Wolverine_BO3-Rep.jpg",
"https://prd-rteditorial.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/12122352/600Borderlands2.jpg",
"https://prd-rteditorial.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/05133913/600BatmanCaped.jpg",
"https://images.fandango.com/cms/assets/266533e0-7afb-11ed-83f2-4f600722b564--privacyoptions.svg",
"https://images.fandango.com/cms/assets/266533e0-7afb-11ed-83f2-4f600722b564--privacyoptions.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
See how to watch over 45 in order of release, including the epic 16-part DC Animated Movie Universe!
|
en
|
https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/wp-content/themes/RottenTomatoes/static/images/icons/favicon.ico
|
https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/dc-animated-movies-in-order/
|
In 2007, DC kicked off their line of DCU Animated Original Movies, a more dark and adult-skewing franchise that has pleased comic book fans and has now grown to over 40 films! To help you navigate this impressive library, we’ve put together a guide on how to watch the DC animated movies in order!
In the beginning, the DCU animated original movies were mostly stand-alone (Superman: Doomsday, Wonder Woman, Batman: Under the Red Hood) or formed their own brief line-up like Year One combined with the two-part Dark Knight Returns.
But starting in 2013, the movies mainly stuck to a single continuity known as the DC Animated Movie Universe, a 16-part arc that starts with Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox and ending with 2020’s Justice League Dark: Apokolips War. Here’s how to watch the DC Animated Movie Universe in order:
Justice League: The Flashpoint Paradox (2013)
Justice League: War (2014)
Son of Batman (2014)
Justice League: Throne of Atlantis (2015)
Batman vs. Robin (2015)
Batman: Bad Blood (2016)
Justice League vs. Teen Titans (2016)
Justice League Dark (2017)
Teen Titans: The Judas Contract (2017)
Suicide Squad: Hell to Pay (2018)
The Death of Superman (2018)
Constantine: City of Demons (2018)
Reign of the Supermen (2019)
Batman: Hush (2019)
Wonder Woman: Bloodlines (2019)
Justice League Dark: Apokolips War (2020)
Since then, the DC Universe Animated Original Movies have returned to standalone films (Batman: Soul of the Dragon, Injustice) and setting up the new Tomorrowverse, which includes Superman: Man of Tomorrow, Justice Society: World War II, the two-part Long Halloween, and Green Lantern: Beware My Power. In fact, the Tomorrowverse has gone on long enough to warrant its own bulleted list:
Superman: Man of Tomorrow (2020)
Justice Society: World War II (2021)
Batman: The Long Halloween, Part One & Two (2021)
Green Lantern: Beware My Power (2022)
Legion of Super-Heroes (2023)
Justice League: Warworld (2023)
Justice League: Crisis on Infinite Earths – Part One (2024)
Justice League: Crisis on Infinite Earths – Part Two (2024)
Read on to see the DC Universe Animated Original Movies in order of release, including standalone, DC Animated Universe, and Tomorrowverse movies! —Alex Vo
#1
Superman: Doomsday (2007) 57%
#1
Adjusted Score: 17745%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: The Man of Steel (Adam Baldwin) battles an intergalactic killer, accidentally unearthed by a corporation.... [More]
#2
Adjusted Score: -1%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Superman, Batman (Jeremy Sisto), Wonder Woman, the Green Lantern (David Boreanaz), the Flash (Neil Patrick Harris) and others form an... [More]
Directed By: Dave Bullock
#3
Batman: Gotham Knight (2008) 75%
#3
Adjusted Score: 27022%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: The Dark Knight (Kevin Conroy) battles Scarecrow, Killer Croc and Deadshot.... [More]
#4
Wonder Woman (2009) 85%
#4
Adjusted Score: 49351%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: A powerful woman (Keri Russell) fights fellow Amazons to return a man (Nathan Fillion) back to civilization.... [More]
Directed By: Lauren Montgomery
#5
Green Lantern: First Flight (2009) 63%
#5
Adjusted Score: 22507%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: The Green Lantern (Christopher Meloni) must race against time to stop Sinestro (Victor Garber) from unleashing a sinister plot.... [More]
Directed By: Lauren Montgomery
#6
#6
Adjusted Score: -1%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Superman (Tim Daly) and Batman join forces to save the world from Lex Luthor's (Clancy Brown) evil plot.... [More]
Directed By: Sam Liu
#7
Adjusted Score: -1%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: On a parallel planet, Superman (Mark Harmon), Batman (William Baldwin) and the other heroes must battle their evil counterparts.... [More]
Directed By: Sam Liu, Lauren Montgomery
#8
#8
Adjusted Score: 44903%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Batman faces a vigilante who aims to clean up Gotham City but does not follow his moral code.... [More]
Directed By: Brandon Vietti
#9
Superman/Batman: Apocalypse (2010) 20%
#9
Adjusted Score: 4490%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Superman (Tim Daly) and Batman (Kevin Conroy) join forces to save a Kryptonian visitor from the evil Darkseid (Andre Braugher).... [More]
Directed By: Lauren Montgomery
#10
All-Star Superman (2011) 80%
#10
Adjusted Score: 17623%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Superman (James Denton) ponders his future after a rescue mission to the sun exposes him to radiation.... [More]
Directed By: Sam Liu
#11
Green Lantern: Emerald Knights (2011) 80%
#11
Adjusted Score: 17622%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: New recruit Arisia (Elisabeth Moss) joins forces with Hal Jordan (Nathan Fillion) to save the universe from the forces of... [More]
#12
Batman Year One (2011) 89%
#12
Adjusted Score: 35289%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Bruce Wayne (Ben McKenzie) fights his new nemesis, Catwoman (Eliza Dushku), while lawman James Gordon (Bryan Cranston) battles corruption in... [More]
Directed By: Sam Liu, Lauren Montgomery
#13
Justice League: Doom (2012) 100%
#13
Adjusted Score: 30930%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Vandal Savage uses stolen information from Batman's secret files to mastermind a plan to exterminate the Justice League.... [More]
Directed By: Lauren Montgomery
#14
Superman vs. the Elite (2012) 83%
#14
Adjusted Score: 25673%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: New superpowerful heroes appear on the scene, but they soon run afoul of the Man of Steel (George Newbern) when... [More]
Directed By: Michael Chang
#15
Adjusted Score: 30930%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Bruce Wayne (Peter Weller), now 55-years-old, comes out of retirement to don the cape and cowl. As Batman, he fights... [More]
Directed By: Jay Oliva
#16
Adjusted Score: -1%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Batman and his new sidekick, Robin, deal with the Joker's newest plot, while Superman brings a global catastrophe to Gotham.... [More]
Directed By: Jay Oliva
#17
Superman: Unbound (2013) 100%
#17
Adjusted Score: 25152%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Superman (Matt Bomer) battles Brainiac (John Noble) to save the Krypton city of Kandor, which is miniaturized and held aboard... [More]
Directed By: James Tucker
#18
#18
Adjusted Score: 30181%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: The Flash causes a temporal ripple that creates a fractured reality where the Justice league has never formed, Superman does... [More]
Directed By: Jay Oliva
#19
Justice League: War (2014) 57%
#19
Adjusted Score: 20493%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Superman (Alan Tudyk), Wonder Woman (Michelle Monaghan), Batman (Jason O'Mara) and other superheroes join forces to save Earth from Darkseid.... [More]
Directed By: Jay Oliva
#20
Son of Batman (2014) 64%
#20
Adjusted Score: 36157%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Batman (Jason O'Mara) learns that he has a violent young son who was raised in secret by the League of... [More]
Directed By: Ethan Spaulding
#21
Batman: Assault on Arkham (2014) 78%
#21
Adjusted Score: 36055%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Batman (Kevin Conroy) must prevent the Joker (Troy Baker) from destroying Gotham City, while battling a new batch of villains... [More]
Directed By: Jay Oliva, Ethan Spaulding
#22
#22
Adjusted Score: 26334%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Aquaman (Matt Lanter) is forced to choose between the Justice League and Atlantis when Atlantean warriors invade Gotham City and... [More]
Directed By: Jay Oliva, Ethan Spaulding
#23
Batman vs. Robin (2015) 100%
#23
Adjusted Score: 26125%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Damian Wayne has a hard time accepting his father's no-killing rule, and soon starts to believe his destiny lies within... [More]
Directed By: Jay Oliva
#24
#24
Adjusted Score: 36783%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: In an alternate universe, the Justice League uses brutal force to maintain order on Earth. When scientists begin dying, the... [More]
Directed By: Sam Liu
#25
Batman: Bad Blood (2016) 100%
#25
Adjusted Score: 25590%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: With Batman missing, it's up to Dick Grayson to put on the cowl and protect Gotham.... [More]
Directed By: Jay Oliva
#26
#26
Adjusted Score: 20473%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Robin is forced to join the young super team and soon has to help lead them in a fight against... [More]
Directed By: Sam Liu
#27
Batman: The Killing Joke (2016) 35%
#27
Adjusted Score: 36354%
Critics Consensus: This stilted retelling of the Joker's origin adds little to its iconic source material, further diminished by some questionable story additions that will have fans demanding justice for Barbara Gordon.
Synopsis: Batman (Kevin Conroy) must save Commissioner Gordon (Ray Wise) from the Joker's (Mark Hamill) twisted quest to drive him insane.... [More]
Directed By: Sam Liu
#28
Justice League Dark (2017) 80%
#28
Adjusted Score: 46851%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Batman forms Justice League Dark, a new team of dark arts specialists that is led by John Constantine. The team... [More]
Directed By: Jay Oliva
#29
#29
Adjusted Score: 29165%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: The young super groups get a new member who seems to have ulterior motives as they take on the mercenary... [More]
Directed By: Sam Liu
#30
Batman and Harley Quinn (2017) 50%
#30
Adjusted Score: 35138%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Batman and Nightwing join forces with Harley Quinn to stop a global threat brought about by Poison Ivy and the... [More]
Directed By: Sam Liu
#31
Batman: Gotham by Gaslight (2018) 75%
#31
Adjusted Score: 52719%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Batman scours the dark streets of Gotham City to find the elusive serial killer Jack the Ripper.... [More]
Directed By: Sam Liu
#32
#32
Adjusted Score: 41244%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Amanda Waller forms a special squad full of incarcerated villains to retrieve a mystical object.... [More]
Directed By: Sam Liu
#33
The Death of Superman (2018) 93%
#33
Adjusted Score: 76268%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Superman and the rest of the Justice League unite to battle a hulking monster named Doomsday -- but it's ultimately... [More]
Directed By: Sam Liu, Jake Castorena
#34
#34
Adjusted Score: -1%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: A decade after a tragic mistake, family man Chas and occult detective John Constantine set out to find a cure... [More]
Directed By: Doug Murphy
#35
#35
Adjusted Score: -1%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: A substitute Superman arrives following the real Superman's death.... [More]
Directed By: Sam Liu
#36
#36
Adjusted Score: 50083%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: The Justice League battles the Fatal Five.... [More]
Directed By: Sam Liu
#37
Batman: Hush (2019) 83%
#37
Adjusted Score: 83002%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: A mysterious villain tries to take down Batman.... [More]
Directed By: Justin Copeland
#38
Wonder Woman: Bloodlines (2019) 88%
#38
Adjusted Score: 39180%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Wonder Woman embarks on a dangerous mission to rescue a troubled young girl from Villainy, Inc., a criminal organization that... [More]
Directed By: Justin Copeland, Sam Liu
#39
Superman: Red Son (2020) 89%
#39
Adjusted Score: 89104%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: An alternate take on Superman portrays him as a Soviet hero after his rocket lands in the USSR.... [More]
Directed By: Sam Liu
#40
#40
Adjusted Score: 100165%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Following the decimation of Earth, the Justice League regroups to take on Darkseid and save the remaining survivors.... [More]
Directed By: Matt Peters, Christina Sotta
#41
Superman: Man of Tomorrow (2020) 93%
#41
Adjusted Score: 79856%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Young Clark Kent works as an intern at the Daily Planet while learning how to save the city of Metropolis.... [More]
Directed By: Chris Palmer
#42
#42
Adjusted Score: 75374%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Set in the midst of the swinging 1970s, this Elseworlds adventure finds Bruce Wayne training under a master sensei. It... [More]
Directed By: Sam Liu
#43
#43
Adjusted Score: 69809%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: The Justice Society of America, a group of heroes aiding the allies in World War 2, makes an ally from... [More]
Directed By: Jeff Wamester
#44
#44
Adjusted Score: 100135%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: It's a dark time in Gotham City. Held hostage by the powerful Falcone crime family, the city is rife with... [More]
Directed By: Chris Palmer
#45
#45
Adjusted Score: 81047%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Inspired by the iconic mid-1990s DC story from Jeph Loeb and Tim Sale, Batman: The Long Halloween, Part Two continues... [More]
Directed By: Chris Palmer
#46
Injustice: Gods Among Us (2021) 50%
#46
Adjusted Score: 16209%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: On an alternate earth, the Joker tricks Superman into killing Lois Lane, sending Superman down a path of destruction.... [More]
Directed By: Matt Peters
#47
Catwoman: Hunted (2022) 78%
#47
Adjusted Score: 41076%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Catwoman, aka Selina Kyle, has no qualms about risking her nine lives when a prize like the world's most valuable... [More]
Directed By: Shinsuke Terasawa
#48
#48
Adjusted Score: 29483%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: When a Power Ring is bestowed upon former Marine John Stewart, it leads him on a life-changing mission. With Justice... [More]
Directed By: Jeff Wamester
#49
Adjusted Score: 52641%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: On his birthday, Jonathan Kent learns his dad is Superman and that he has superpowers of his own. He also... [More]
Directed By: Matt Peters
#50
Legion of Super-Heroes (2023) 60%
#50
Adjusted Score: 18109%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Supergirl must contend with a mysterious group called the Dark Circle as it searches for a powerful weapon held in... [More]
Directed By: Jeff Wamester
#51
Adjusted Score: 60273%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Inspired by the comic book series by Mike Mignola, Richard Pace and Troy Nixey, Batman: The Doom That Came to... [More]
Directed By: Sam Liu
#52
Justice League: Warworld (2023) 50%
#52
Adjusted Score: 18059%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: Kidnapped and transported to a strange world, Batman, Superman and Wonder Woman unite to form a resistance and lead the... [More]
Directed By: Jeff Wamester
#53
Adjusted Score: 50650%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: The Anti-Monitor (the Monitor's evil counterpart) is released into the DC Multiverse and begins to destroy the different Earths that... [More]
Directed By: Jeff Wamester
#54
Adjusted Score: 7329%
Critics Consensus: No consensus yet.
Synopsis: An endless army of shadow demons threatens to destroy the world and all parallel Earths. The only thing opposing them... [More]
Directed By: Jeff Wamester
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 27
|
https://www.gamesradar.com/how-to-watch-dc-movies-in-order-dceu/
|
en
|
How to watch DC movies in order (release date and chronological)
|
[
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/gamesradar/media/shared/img/flags/nosize/GB.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/gamesradar/media/shared/img/flags/nosize/GB.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/gamesradar/media/shared/img/flags/nosize/US.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/gamesradar/media/shared/img/flags/nosize/CA.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/gamesradar/media/shared/img/flags/nosize/AU.svg",
"https://mos.fie.futurecdn.net/logos/models/v6kfsy6mgsodxtwb-16160825752082.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/qDe5fSKMdj9WGq67o4Frvd-320-80.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/z8qB2v9mTBe9vY7WXdcA8j-320-80.jpeg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/DhfrRKBHjv6piRuBSLfYhF-320-80.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/VnNJV7DDi5wJ5nrYFrUCha-320-80.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/tevLt4Tmeqgm3wm9EXytqa-320-80.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/7VLT3BFEmdyRX5QGocwgi3-320-80.jpeg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p/?c1=2&c2=10055482&cv=4.4.0&cj=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Bradley Russell",
"Emily Garbutt",
"Molly Edwards"
] |
2022-10-20T16:30:33+00:00
|
DC movies watch order guide: release date and chronological lists for the DCU
|
en
|
gamesradar
|
https://www.gamesradar.com/how-to-watch-dc-movies-in-order-dceu/
|
The DCEU is over and the DCU - helmed by James Gunn and Peter Safran - is about to begin in 2025.
Until then, we're guiding you through how to watch the DCEU movies in order, from Man of Steel right through to The Flash, Blue Beetle, and Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom.
We'll also offer up a DCEU chronological watch order for those who want to spice up their DC marathons. There's also a look at how non-canon DC films and Elseworlds films fit in, such as Zack Snyder's Justice League, Joker, and The Batman. For the MCU side of things, we also have a guide on how to watch the Marvel movies in order.
How to watch DC movies in order – release order
Man of Steel (2013)
Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016)
Suicide Squad (2016)
Wonder Woman (2017)
Justice League (2017)
Aquaman (2018)
Shazam! (2019)
Joker (2019) [non-DCEU]
Birds of Prey (2020)
Wonder Woman 1984 (2020)
Zack Snyder's Justice League (2021) [non-canon]
The Suicide Squad (2021)
The Batman (2022) [non-DCEU]
DC League of Super-Pets (2022) [non-DCEU]
Black Adam (2022)
Shazam! Fury of the Gods (2023)
The Flash (2023)
Blue Beetle (2023)
Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom (2023)
Best for: Newcomers to DC
While the likes of Christopher Nolan’s Bat-trilogy and Constantine don’t count as part of a cinematic universe and should be treated as standalone entities, almost everything from Man of Steel onwards is in the same DC Extended Universe (DCEU). However, there are some oddities when attempting to watch the DC movies in order.
For simplicity’s sake, we’re sticking to everything released under the DC banner, though Joker and The Batman are completely standalone stories in their own universe away from the DCEU (more on that below).
As for the Snyder Cut, we recommend watching the 2017 theatrical Justice League release for 'canon' purposes, but Zack Snyder's 2021 version for a different and more definitive take on some of your favorite characters – plus, it's a superior movie, even if it is four hours long. Best of all, the already-released DC movies mentioned below can, for the most part, be watched right now on Max.
In terms of current releases, Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom is the latest DC movie, with a new cinematic universe under the stewardship of James Gunn and Peter Safran (the DCU) set to begin in 2025 with Superman: Legacy. But that's not something we need to worry about right now.
Here’s how to watch DC movies in release order, discounting the movies that haven’t yet been released. We'll get deeper in to the thorny issue of the DCU in just a bit.
How to watch DC movies in order – chronological order
Wonder Woman (main story) (1914-18)
Wonder Woman 1984
Man of Steel
The Flash (alternate timeline scenes)
Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice
Wonder Woman (modern-day scenes)
Suicide Squad
Justice League (theatrical)
Aquaman
Shazam!
Birds of Prey
The Suicide Squad
Black Adam
Shazam! Fury of the Gods
The Flash
Blue Beetle
Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom
Best for: Those who are rewatching the DCEU.
The chronological order of DC movies begins with Wonder Woman; it's mostly easy and pales in comparison to the monstrous Marvel timeline. Still, some (such as Aquaman, Shazam!, and Birds of Prey) are quite hard to pin down into the correct timeframe. Atlantis doesn’t exactly have underwater calendars in every scene.
Even if the years aren’t nailed down beyond Wonder Woman’s entries, there is an agreed-upon chronological order thanks to some Easter eggs (such as a "Superman is back!" poster in Shazam! and Harley Quinn’s Birds of Prey break-up with Joker) that keeps things relatively simple... until The Flash.
Yep, the Scarlet Speedster is in danger of blowing up the entire DC watch order. It technically takes place after the events of Justice League but, without going into spoilers, can also be watched concurrently with Man of Steel. But it also exists on a completely separate timeline. Our advice? Leave it until the end, but in the knowledge that some of its scenes come during Superman's solo adventure on a completely different, parallel timeline.
If you want to get even more granular, you can queue up certain scenes to watch in chronological order – but it could get messy.
Some of Justice League, for example, clearly overlaps with Aquaman. Suicide Squad also features some pre-Man of Steel flashbacks to Bruce Wayne's early crusading in Gotham. But, by and large, it helps to keep things streamlined and to use the list above, with only Wonder Woman’s "modern day" scenes being crucial to the chronological order of the DCEU in terms of plot.
How does James Gunn's DCU affect the DC watch order?
Right now, it doesn't. But that's going to change in 2025. DCU Chapter One is the first step in a new rebooted cinematic universe, which makes everything from Man of Steel to The Flash (largely) redundant in terms of the new grand story it's trying to tell.
While that's a bridge we cross when we get to it, the Aquaman sequel is officially the final DCEU movie.
James Gunn, for his part, has said on Threads that, moving forward, his DCU works will be 'canon.' Nothing in the DCEU, seemingly, will matter as part of this cinematic universe.
"Nothing is canon until Creature Commandos [in 2024] – a sort of aperitif to the DCU – & then a deeper dive into the universe with Superman: Legacy after that," Gunn wrote. "It’s a very human drive to want to understand everything all the time, but I think its okay to be confused on what’s happening in the DCU since no one has seen anything from the DCU yet."
From then on, that collection of movies from 2013 to 2023 listed above (not including 'Elseworlds' movies like The Batman that exist outside of that main canon) will be in part of an older cinematic universe that is being left behind. Everything going forward from Superman: Legacy and Creature Commando onwards will be part of the new DCU, though some character and story elements could still transfer over like Blue Beetle. It's... confusing.
TL;DR: the DCU is going to be completely new and not related to the previous DCEU. They may have some similarities, but it's all going to be very different and a fresh cinematic universe from hereon in. You can start fresh here if you're planning a DCU marathon.
For more on all 10 currently confirmed projects, check out our guide to DCU Chapter One.
How does the Snyder Cut affect the DC watch order?
For now, Zack Snyder's Justice League is still not considered canon. For many fans, however, ZSJL is the culmination of a trilogy that started in Man of Steel and continued through Batman v Superman. The director then had plans for Justice League 2, as well as a third movie that would have seen Superman's son become the new Batman.
Those movies will not come to pass, but you can still enjoy Snyder's trilogy: Man of Steel, Batman v Superman, and Zack Snyder's Justice League.
Are The Batman and Joker connected to the DCEU?
When it comes to Robert Pattinson's The Batman and Joaquin Phoenix's Joker, there's no correct watch order (at least, not until the sequels and spin-offs come out). The two movies are also not connected in any way – in fact, The Batman introduces its own version of the Clown Prince of Crime.
Both The Batman and Joker can be watched at your own leisure and do not need to be part of your DCEU watch.
However, if you really want to get every DC movie under your belt, there's no harm watching these amid your release order watch through, but don't expect Phoenix to pop up and fight the Justice League anytime soon. Both movies fall under the Elseworlds banner of the new DCU, meaning they all take place in different universes away from the main action.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 25
|
https://extraletter.wordpress.com/2015/07/28/the-theory-of-everything-book-script-and-film/
|
en
|
The Theory of Everything: Book, Script, and Film
|
[
"https://extraletter.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/23eafc5800000578-0-image-m-36_1418164751037.jpg?w=223&h=300",
"https://extraletter.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/everything_a.jpg?w=371&h=209",
"https://i0.wp.com/extraletter.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/2015-11-26-14-10-34.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/extraletter.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/2016-07-10-15-18-09.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/extraletter.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/2016-09-03-14-54-34.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/extraletter.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2019-08-04-06.30.02.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/4bc8e23bd45d71ff12517729975576f8be2326ba36a7df8f88800378e1e05e07?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/4bc8e23bd45d71ff12517729975576f8be2326ba36a7df8f88800378e1e05e07?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/LUayjO_KgsQ?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2015-07-28T00:00:00
|
I was not a fan of The Theory of Everything. I was anticipating seeing a film about the life and trials of Stephen Hawking and was disappointed when it was the life and trials of his ex-wife, Jane. I went to the source, Travelling to Infinity by Jane Hawking, to see where the filmmakers went wrong. The filmmakers actually…
|
en
|
https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/4bc8e23bd45d71ff12517729975576f8be2326ba36a7df8f88800378e1e05e07?s=32
|
Extra Letteurs
|
https://extraletter.wordpress.com/2015/07/28/the-theory-of-everything-book-script-and-film/
|
I was not a fan of The Theory of Everything. I was anticipating seeing a film about the life and trials of Stephen Hawking and was disappointed when it was the life and trials of his ex-wife, Jane.
I went to the source, Travelling to Infinity by Jane Hawking, to see where the filmmakers went wrong. The filmmakers actually deserve more credit. The film had tried to incorporate more of Stephen’s life and theories while Jane’s book focused on her experiences taking care of a famous man.
In the comparison of the book, script, and film, I ask the following questions:
Is this book or story worthy of an adaptation for screen?
How loyal was the script and film to the book?
Would I recommend the book over the film or vice versa?
In short, the answer to the first question is, ‘no.’ The book, written by Jane Hawking in 1999 and then updated in 2007, is a detail by detail account of every boring moment of Jane’s life. In 500 pages, she manages to recount memories from when she first knew of Stephen as a child, then formally meeting him as a university student, followed by her marriage and then eventual divorce. She talks about the exams she took, the houses they lived in including their extensive renovations, and each and every trip they made together or separate.
Most stories had a point…once you got to the end of it. But these mundane tales made for an extremely slow read making me want to claw my ears out (thanks to Audible). One story detailed ,with no point whatsoever, was an evening at their friends’ home. Jane was cleaning baby bottles in the kitchen and completely forgot about them while they were all socializing in the living room. In dramatic flair, she describes the acrid smell of burned plastic and the mortification she felt for the incident. She said she feared her friends would throw her out and never see them again. A tad over-the-top, no?
Jane gives off an air throughout the book that she is put upon and undeserving of her plight when she married Stephen full-well knowing what would happen. She complains constantly about all the responsibility she bares and the literal weight of carrying her husband and three children. But her complaining gets old. I have very little sympathy for her or desire to sympathize with her, especially when she delivers these sweeping generalizations about entire countries always saying her beloved Cambridge, UK is a haven and only place Stephen can be looked after.
“It was unheard of for doctors to home visit [in America]. Especially on a Sunday afternoon. They doubted very much they would be able to persuade any doctor to come. After a long succession of telephone calls, they were finally put in touch with a general practitioner who, as an exception, agreed to come and inspect Stephen. When he arrived, he received right, royal treatment. As he conducted his tests, which indicated nothing amiss, I concluded that America was a fine place for the healthy and successful. But for the strugglers and infirm, for the people through no fault of their own but through accidents of birth, prejudice or illness were less able to help themselves–it was a harsh society–where only the fittest survived.”
When Stephen is in critical condition during a stay in Geneva, she insists on bringing him back to Cambridge even if it was against the doctor’s wishes and could have caused him more harm. In these moments, I wonder if Jane was doing this in Stephen’s best interest or only interested in being a martyr.
The last third of the book delves into the home health care Stephen received through a litany of nurses leading to the eventual hiring of Elaine Mason, Stephen’s second wife. But before we are told about Elaine, we are told story after story of each and every nurse that came through the revolving door that was the Hawking household. Anyone from pickpockets, gossip queens, and OCD obsessives were discussed at length. Jane had no problem bashing the NHS system in the UK with how poorly they were treated and dealt with Stephen’s entire life. Does Jane have anything nice to say about anyone other than her lover, Jonathan (who apparently can do no wrong)?
The last point I will make about the book is about Jane’s education. She got her undergraduate degree in arts leading to a PhD in romance languages and medieval poetry. She brings up, in incredible detail, a lot of history and factoids about the things she learned and studied. I felt very little need to care about this information.
A question I asked in the middle of the reading was if she ever actually finished her thesis to complete her PhD because if she didn’t, I was stuck here reading it. Much to my chagrin, she did finish her thesis after working on it for nearly thirteen years. If her autobiography was this boring, I would hate to have to read what she put together for that.
* * * * *
The script is about 90 pages in length. In movie time (1 page = 1 minute), we’re looking about an hour and a half, but the full film clocks in over two hours. I wanted to know what had been added to the film that wasn’t on the page. Much to my surprise, there were things trimmed.
The script doesn’t have a lot of dialogue, which does slow down the read and force the reader to imagine more than what is written in the action. But also, the more action you have, the more time it takes to show it on the screen.
For example, a screenwriter could write:
The car crashes.
This will not just take a fraction of a second on the screen. It could take several minutes to get through an action sequence or dramatic climax to the crash.
This was the case for The Theory of Everything.
Only one sequence stood out to me that was in the script and not in the film that I had wished made it. Toward the beginning of the film, Stephen is at a pub debating whether or not to call Jane from the payphone.
STEPHEN
Do you have any change for the payphone?
BARMAN
Sure.
The Barman takes Stephen’s pound and glances at the NAPKIN.
BARMAN
I’d commit that number to memory if I were you.
Stephen smiles–then glances at the mirror backed bar. Reflected, a woman who looks like Jane.
BARMAN
Here you go…Are you okay?
STEPHEN
Uh–my napkin just walked in.
In the film version, the scene cuts at, “sure,” leaving out the almost romantic exchange about number memorization. The final filmed version has Stephen come across as arrogant, as if he expected her to forgive him for not calling sooner but showing this exchange with the Barman would have shown that he wanted to call Jane, but was nervous or anxious.
The next scene has Stephen making up for his gaff, but after reading the version of Stephen in the book, I find this hard to believe. The arrogant man in the bar is more true to form to the real life depiction than the Hollywood-ized romantic hero portrayed in the rest of the film.
* * * * *
Speaking of Hollywood, the ending of this film is a severe left turn from the book.
In the book, the divorce was not a peaceful parting. Jane discusses how Stephen moves out to live with Elaine and then is basically evicted from her home because the house is rented under Stephen’s name. Jane has no claim over the property, and Stephen is unwilling to help his ex-wife and three children.
The film; however, shows a peaceful conversation of Stephen telling Jane he has asked Elaine to go with him to America for his newest award and that he is simply sorry. They have a tearful exchange and then movers come to collect Stephen’s things in an eerie peace that feels like relief rather than tragedy.
Stephen dedicated very little copy in his memoir, My Brief History, about the separation saying he was growing unhappy with the relationship between Jane and Jonathan, so he moved in with Elaine. Period.
Reading this put a sour taste in my mouth about Stephen and his treatment of his family. I can see why Hollywood tried to keep him a noble character.
* * * * *
While the story of Stephen Hawking is a strong one, the story of Jane is not. The book was a vapid, self-centered account of her life giving mundane details of a struggling “single parent.” While her situation is unique and she sports a famous name, her storytelling is not interesting. If the book was structured differently and cut nearly in half, I believe she could have told a compelling tale of love and loss, but Travelling to Infinity was not it.
The screenwriter, Anthony McCarten (Death of a Superhero), did the best he could to pick scenes and adapt the source material to a respectable 95 page script. While critics have called him out on the altering of events, I am grateful. If each event in the book was carbon-copied to the screen, I would still be watching it three days later through my eyelids. The dramatizations were necessary to keep the audience’s attention.
However, the final film, was still rather dull. Knowing what I know now about the source material, I believe the filmmakers tried to make the story interesting, but they failed. It’s a film about a woman with a famous husband and how she was taken for granted for so many years. I just want to shake her and say, Welcome to the real world, honey. Grab a helmet.
* * * * *
To recap on my questions:
Is this book or story worthy of an adaptation for screen?
Yes and no. Yes, the story of Stephen Hawking is worthy of adaptation for screen because he is an inspiration for those with illnesses and also for his brain, but of Jane Hawking, no. The saying, “Behind every strong man is a strong woman” falls on deaf ears here.
How loyal was the script, and then film, to the book?
The script and film were not loyal to the book in many respects. For one, Stephen is much more vilified in the book, and for another, Jane complains about her life on every page. The film makes them much more sympathetic and romantic to the Hollywood standard.
Would I recommend the book over the film or vice versa?
I would not recommend either. My full film review can be found here, which I originally watched before reading the book. But even after seeing it a second time, I’m more disappointed by it because of the gross inaccuracies. But if you had to pick one, watch the film. The book is too boring and life is too short.
The Theory of Everything:
SCRIPT > FILM > BOOK
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 70
|
https://news.stonybrook.edu/university/expo-highlights-innovations-for-people-with-spinal-cord-injuries/
|
en
|
Expo Touts Innovations for People with Spinal Cord Injuries
|
[
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/SBU-News-logo-1x.png",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/SBU-News-logo-1x.png",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/SBU-News-logo-1x.png",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/spinal-cord-expo-24-1-740x494.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/spinal-cord-expo-24-1.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/spinal-cord-expo-24-3.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/spinal-cord-expo-24-2.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/wfn-dino-pres-150x150.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/reilly-seismic-station-385x300.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/kevin-reed-NYCE-town-hall-385x300.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Nicole-Diaz-385x300.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/joseph-pierce-featured-80x60.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/biomed-eng-research-day-students-80x60.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/taste-of-trades-diploma-80x60.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/featured-campus-80x60.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/wai-law-2022-80x60.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/kevin-tuttle-80x60.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/roman-dna-belt2-80x60.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/tiger-team-climate-1-80x60.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Starbucks-Team-80x60.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/mccormick-featured-0824-80x60.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/tick-slide-80x60.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/recycled-mulch-1-80x60.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Li-Jian-ams-cs-80x60.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/water-droplet-sy-80x60.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Borrelia-burgdorferi-lyme-80x60.jpg",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/stony-brook-university-logo-horizontal-white-300ab.png",
"https://news.stonybrook.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/sb-matters-masthead-white-300x46.png"
] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/AckF8fegzz0?feature=oembed"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Michael Gasparino"
] |
2024-08-05T13:24:57-04:00
|
Stony Brook University hosted a Technology Innovations Expo on Jul 23, aimed at bettering the lives of individuals with spinal cord injuries.
|
en
|
SBU News - News & Features at Stony Brook University
|
https://news.stonybrook.edu/university/expo-highlights-innovations-for-people-with-spinal-cord-injuries/
|
Spinal cord injuries affect a person’s life in unfathomable ways, with no bodily system left untouched. Each year, 17,000 people in the United States have to confront this life-altering condition, which carries significant physiological and emotional challenges.
Stony Brook University hosted a Technology Innovations Expo on July 23, aimed at bettering the lives of individuals with spinal cord injuries. The Expo was part of a two-week summer program that ran from July 14-27, following a well-received program that took place in 2023.
“We’re so glad to be back this year,” said Hannah Mercier, an assistant professor in the Occupational Therapy Program in the Stony Brook School of Health Professions. “We got a great response from students, faculty, and also from the community. Some clinicians are also here to learn about some of the new technology available to those with spinal cord injuries.”
The program was presented by Empower SCI, a non-profit corporation established to enable individuals with spinal cord injuries to lead happier, more meaningful and more independent lives. Empower SCI works to fill the gap in the rehabilitation industry that has been created by a decrease in length of stays at rehabilitation hospitals and outpatient services during the recovery from a spinal cord injury.
“This great event is an opportunity to bring community members in to see a little bit of Empower’s magic,” said Christina Burke, clinical associate professor in the Department of Physical Therapy. “One of the things I love is that since it happens here on campus, my students can be part of this amazing program. When we talk about experiential learning, there’s nothing better than hands-on experience. This is so important for the community because of the scarcity of services for people who have spinal cord injuries, whether it’s research or therapy or adaptive sports.”
Program peer mentor Robert Brown, who first participated as a 16-year-old, provided first-hand insight of what the program means to attendees.
“Before I attended in 2017 when I was 16, I didn’t have much experience with people with disabilities,” said Browne, who suffered a spinal cord injury at age 13. “I had no community and I was just succumbing to my injury. I didn’t think there was much quality of life left for me. I was unaware of what I was getting myself into, and I mean that in a great way. I quickly realized that there’s this whole family of people out there that wants what’s best for you and will push you to do your best and start achieving your goals. That was my first experience with Empower.”
Browne returned as a participant in 2018 and it reaffirmed what he had learned the year before.
“After those two years as a participant, I had an overall realization that there’s a life out there and I had to go and make it happen for myself,” he said. “I was able to come back as a peer mentor in 2019 and it was great to be able to take all the things that I had learned those first two years as a participant and do for others what the peer mentors did for me.”
Vendors and attendees gathered in the Dallas Bauman Center to learn about the latest technology designed to meet the needs of those who’ve experienced spinal cord injuries and take in live presentations.
Self-Initiated Living Options, Inc. (SILO), a Long Island company dedicated to helping people with disabilities gain effective control and direction of their lives, exhibited a range of assistive 3D-printed products.
“We loan out assistive technology for anyone with a disability from birth and up,” said Ryan Criscione, director of SILO’s Technology Related Assistance for Individuals with Disabilities (TRAID) Program. “We have bottle openers for people with arthritis, key turners, tactile dice, check-writing guides for people who are visually impaired. We try to address a little bit of everything.”
SILO’s assistive products are available for free, funded through the Justice Center for the Protection of People with Special Needs, an organization established in 2013 by the Protection of People with Special Needs Act. The agency was created to restore public trust in the institutions and individuals charged with caring for vulnerable populations by protecting the health, safety, and dignity of all people with special needs.
Wellspect®, one of the event’s sponsors, showcased a new bladder and bowel irrigation management product.
“A lot of us struggle with long bowel programs,” said Jesi Stracham, a Wellspect ambassador and wheelchair athlete who lost the use of her legs after suffering a spinal cord injury in a 2015 motorcycle accident. “That process can take up to three hours. That adds up to 34 days a year. The Navina Smart irrigation system can give people part of their life and quality of life back.”
Other sponsors included Pajunk®, Permobil, Quantum® and Wandercraft.
In addition to the Expo, the two-week program also included physical activities like kayaking, cycling, surfing, and yoga as well as cooking, 1:1 occupational and physical therapy sessions, rehabilitation counseling, and wheelchair assessments. “Life Hacks” featured clinician volunteers and participants sharing information and resources that have enabled greater independence in their daily lives, and specialized educational topics addressed sexuality, advocacy, and vocational skills.
“This has evolved into a wonderful training opportunity for students who are becoming occupational and physical therapy clinicians and we’re so glad to bring this to the Stony Brook campus,” said Mercier. “A student was telling me that it was a valuable clinical training opportunity that she hadn’t had in the classroom. And of course, we love the opportunity to give them this hands-on experience.”
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 71
|
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4gvvy786mdo
|
en
|
Mark Drakeford back in Welsh government as health secretary
|
[
"https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/bc0c/live/0f780680-54b6-11ef-b39c-e325fe012747.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/bc0c/live/0f780680-54b6-11ef-b39c-e325fe012747.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/bc0c/live/0f780680-54b6-11ef-b39c-e325fe012747.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/bc0c/live/0f780680-54b6-11ef-b39c-e325fe012747.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/bc0c/live/0f780680-54b6-11ef-b39c-e325fe012747.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/bc0c/live/0f780680-54b6-11ef-b39c-e325fe012747.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/bc0c/live/0f780680-54b6-11ef-b39c-e325fe012747.jpg.webp 1536w",
"https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/e3fb/live/49d59160-54bd-11ef-a3c5-a912b356e1cf.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/e3fb/live/49d59160-54bd-11ef-a3c5-a912b356e1cf.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/e3fb/live/49d59160-54bd-11ef-a3c5-a912b356e1cf.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/e3fb/live/49d59160-54bd-11ef-a3c5-a912b356e1cf.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/e3fb/live/49d59160-54bd-11ef-a3c5-a912b356e1cf.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/e3fb/live/49d59160-54bd-11ef-a3c5-a912b356e1cf.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/e3fb/live/49d59160-54bd-11ef-a3c5-a912b356e1cf.jpg.webp 1536w",
"https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/ad3d/live/316511a0-54d1-11ef-8f0f-0577398c3339.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/ad3d/live/316511a0-54d1-11ef-8f0f-0577398c3339.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/ad3d/live/316511a0-54d1-11ef-8f0f-0577398c3339.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/ad3d/live/316511a0-54d1-11ef-8f0f-0577398c3339.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/ad3d/live/316511a0-54d1-11ef-8f0f-0577398c3339.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/ad3d/live/316511a0-54d1-11ef-8f0f-0577398c3339.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/ad3d/live/316511a0-54d1-11ef-8f0f-0577398c3339.jpg.webp 1536w",
"https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/f056/live/cd12c770-612c-11ef-8c32-f3c2bc7494c6.png.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/f056/live/cd12c770-612c-11ef-8c32-f3c2bc7494c6.png.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/f056/live/cd12c770-612c-11ef-8c32-f3c2bc7494c6.png.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/f056/live/cd12c770-612c-11ef-8c32-f3c2bc7494c6.png.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/f056/live/cd12c770-612c-11ef-8c32-f3c2bc7494c6.png.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/f056/live/cd12c770-612c-11ef-8c32-f3c2bc7494c6.png.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/f056/live/cd12c770-612c-11ef-8c32-f3c2bc7494c6.png.webp 1536w",
"https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/ebd0/live/c9b8a620-610f-11ef-8948-fdc43d607abf.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/ebd0/live/c9b8a620-610f-11ef-8948-fdc43d607abf.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/ebd0/live/c9b8a620-610f-11ef-8948-fdc43d607abf.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/ebd0/live/c9b8a620-610f-11ef-8948-fdc43d607abf.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/ebd0/live/c9b8a620-610f-11ef-8948-fdc43d607abf.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/ebd0/live/c9b8a620-610f-11ef-8948-fdc43d607abf.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/ebd0/live/c9b8a620-610f-11ef-8948-fdc43d607abf.jpg.webp 1536w",
"https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/d452/live/0cd3e610-5fce-11ef-8c32-f3c2bc7494c6.png.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/d452/live/0cd3e610-5fce-11ef-8c32-f3c2bc7494c6.png.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/d452/live/0cd3e610-5fce-11ef-8c32-f3c2bc7494c6.png.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/d452/live/0cd3e610-5fce-11ef-8c32-f3c2bc7494c6.png.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/d452/live/0cd3e610-5fce-11ef-8c32-f3c2bc7494c6.png.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/d452/live/0cd3e610-5fce-11ef-8c32-f3c2bc7494c6.png.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/d452/live/0cd3e610-5fce-11ef-8c32-f3c2bc7494c6.png.webp 1536w",
"https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/e120/live/9621a850-5fcc-11ef-8b3a-855e585a4dd6.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/e120/live/9621a850-5fcc-11ef-8b3a-855e585a4dd6.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/e120/live/9621a850-5fcc-11ef-8b3a-855e585a4dd6.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/e120/live/9621a850-5fcc-11ef-8b3a-855e585a4dd6.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/e120/live/9621a850-5fcc-11ef-8b3a-855e585a4dd6.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/e120/live/9621a850-5fcc-11ef-8b3a-855e585a4dd6.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/e120/live/9621a850-5fcc-11ef-8b3a-855e585a4dd6.jpg.webp 1536w",
"https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/5a88/live/a88f7f40-5edb-11ef-8a0f-9d581e737637.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/5a88/live/a88f7f40-5edb-11ef-8a0f-9d581e737637.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/5a88/live/a88f7f40-5edb-11ef-8a0f-9d581e737637.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/5a88/live/a88f7f40-5edb-11ef-8a0f-9d581e737637.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/5a88/live/a88f7f40-5edb-11ef-8a0f-9d581e737637.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/5a88/live/a88f7f40-5edb-11ef-8a0f-9d581e737637.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/5a88/live/a88f7f40-5edb-11ef-8a0f-9d581e737637.jpg.webp 1536w"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Adrian Browne"
] |
2024-08-06T21:54:02.209000+00:00
|
The ex-first minister is given the health job on an "interim basis" by one of his successors.
|
en
|
/bbcx/apple-touch-icon.png
|
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4gvvy786mdo
|
Drakeford back in government as health secretary
Former first minister Mark Drakeford is returning to government after being appointed as health secretary by Eluned Morgan.
Ms Morgan said he would do the job on an "interim basis" and "bring his significant knowledge and experience to bear to continue our work to improve transparency and delivery".
Ms Morgan, who became Wales' first female first minister on Tuesday, led the health department from 2021 until she took Welsh Labour's top job.
Mr Drakeford, who stood down in March after five years as first minister, previously served as health minister between 2013 and 2016.
Ms Morgan also confirmed the appointment of Climate Change and Rural Affairs Secretary Huw Irranca-Davies as deputy first minister.
He stood on a "joint unity ticket" with Ms Morgan for the Welsh Labour leadership.
Ms Morgan said he would "support me in my role as first minister and will work alongside me to deliver for the people for Wales".
Elisabeth Jones has been nominated as counsel general, or chief legal adviser, on an interim basis, but that position requires the approval of Members of the Senedd.
Ms Jones was previously the Senedd's chief legal adviser.
A full reshuffle is expected in the autumn.
Mr Drakeford returns to the health job at a time when the Welsh NHS is in deep trouble.
Figures released last month showed the waiting list for hospital treatment reached a record high, with about a fifth of the Welsh population waiting to be seen.
Mr Irranca-Davies told BBC Wales the appointment gave the government "real continuity and stability" with "somebody who has not only vast experience in that role but also in his role as first minister as well".
As the man who had led Wales through the coronavirus pandemic he was a "really sure pair of hands on that brief" for the rest of the summer, said Mr Irranca-Davies, while "we go out and actually engage with people across Wales".
"I think there is a desire from the public to see stable, grown-up government that is acting on their behalf and doing the right thing, and I think Mark brings that, as well as the other cabinet appointments that have been confirmed today."
Ms Morgan is seeking to restore order and unity to the Welsh government and Labour Senedd group, after months of infighting.
She replaced Vaughan Gething as first minister, after he resigned last month when four members of his cabinet quit their jobs and Ms Morgan was elected unopposed as Welsh Labour leader.
Mr Gething, Wales' first black first minister, became mired in controversy after accepting donations from a man twice convicted of environmental offences for his election campaign and sacking one of his cabinet ministers over leaked messages.
One of the ministers who quit Mr Gething's cabinet in July was his former leadership challenger Jeremy Miles, and responsibility for the Welsh language moved from Mr Miles to Ms Morgan.
She continues to be minister for the language as first minister.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 24
|
https://www.showbiz411.com/2013/05/23/who-will-play-stephen-hawking-movie-of-life-underway
|
en
|
Who Will Play Stephen Hawking? Movie of Life Underway
|
[
"https://www.showbiz411.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/sb-main_header-logo-tagline2.png",
"https://www.showbiz411.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/sb-main_header-logo-tagline2.png",
"https://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/scr/pixel.gif",
"https://www.showbiz411.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/sb-main_header-logo-tagline2.png",
"https://www.showbiz411.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/hawking.jpg",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/21e5ba9a17931f5b774c4f9755d50a7c?s=500&d=mm&r=g"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Roger Friedman"
] |
2013-05-23T00:00:00
|
Exclusive: Genius physicist and Albert Einstein of our day, Stephen Hawking is best known for publishing “A Brief History of Time.” Now his life and theories are going to be put on the big screen for everyone a la “A Beautiful Mind.” I am told that James Marsh, who made “Man on Wire” and many […]
|
en
|
Showbiz411
|
https://www.showbiz411.com/2013/05/23/who-will-play-stephen-hawking-movie-of-life-underway
|
Exclusive: Genius physicist and Albert Einstein of our day, Stephen Hawking is best known for publishing “A Brief History of Time.” Now his life and theories are going to be put on the big screen for everyone a la “A Beautiful Mind.” I am told that James Marsh, who made “Man on Wire” and many other fine films, is scheduled to direct a film called “The Theory of Everything.” It will comprise Hawking’s life and teachings. The title is from his 2007 book of the same name that comprised four lectures. The word is that casting has begun and the producers– Eric Fellner and Tim Bevan– are looking for the 2013 version of Daniel Day Lewis. Hawking is only wheelchair free for the first ten pages of the script. After that, his physical life will be portrayed as he is today. There’s an Oscar in there for whoever plays him. Of course, as always, Robert Downey Jr. comes to mind.
Roger Friedmanhttps://www.showbiz411.com
Roger Friedman began his Showbiz411 column in April 2009 after 10 years with Fox News, where he created the Fox411 column. His movie reviews are carried by Rotten Tomatoes, and he is a member of both the movie and TV branches of the Critics Choice Awards. His articles have appeared in dozens of publications over the years including New York Magazine, where he wrote the Intelligencer column in the mid 90s and covered the OJ Simpson trial, and Fox News (when it wasn't so crazy) where he covered Michael Jackson. He is also the writer and co-producer of "Only the Strong Survive," a selection of the Cannes, Sundance, and Telluride Film festivals, directed by DA Pennebaker and Chris Hegedus.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 26
|
https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross/
|
en
|
Top Lifetime Grosses
|
[
"https://fls-na.amazon.com/1/batch/1/OP/A3TEC2XMDTZJRD:144-9371348-4496360:K51BFZXRBXAREZ5NMF86$uedata=s:%2Fuedata%2Fuedata%3Fstaticb%26id%3DK51BFZXRBXAREZ5NMF86:0",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/IMDbPro/images/dropbox/MI_NB_011321_NYNY2021_mojo.png",
"https://fls-na.amazon.com/1/batch/1/OP/A3TEC2XMDTZJRD:144-9371348-4496360:K51BFZXRBXAREZ5NMF86$uedata=s:%2Fuedata%2Fuedata%3Fnoscript%26id%3DK51BFZXRBXAREZ5NMF86:0"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/boxofficemojo/v2/favicon._CB448965889_.ico
|
Box Office Mojo
|
https://www.boxofficemojo.com/chart/top_lifetime_gross/
| |||||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 9
|
https://the-art-of-autism.com/a-film-review-of-the-theory-of-everything/
|
en
|
A Film Review of The Theory of Everything
|
[
"https://the-art-of-autism.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/TheArtofAutism.png",
"https://i0.wp.com/the-art-of-autism.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/The-Theory-of-Everything.jpg?fit=638%2C479&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/the-art-of-autism.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/NilsSkudra.jpg?resize=169%2C300&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/the-art-of-autism.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/TomIlandBatman.jpg?resize=270%2C180&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/the-art-of-autism.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/understanding-the-spectrumcoversp-690x628.jpg?resize=270%2C180&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/the-art-of-autism.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/IMG_20220714_174421017_HDR.jpg?resize=270%2C180&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/the-art-of-autism.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/image0-4.jpeg?resize=270%2C180&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/the-art-of-autism.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/JasperasLileskai.jpg?resize=270%2C180&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/the-art-of-autism.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Ron-Makayla.jpg?resize=270%2C180&ssl=1",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6336455f5ce6edbc9876eddb06c3aa5b?s=72&d=mm&r=g",
"https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/scr/pixel.gif",
"https://i0.wp.com/the-art-of-autism.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/JulianMaha.jpg?resize=370%2C247&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/the-art-of-autism.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/AoAsmall.png?resize=144%2C140&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/topic_centers/2020-4/Autism-best-blog-2020-badge.png?w=650&ssl=1",
"https://the-art-of-autism.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/thumbnail_Beaming-Health-Best-Blog-2023-5.png",
"https://i0.wp.com/the-art-of-autism.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Applied-Behavior-Analysis-Programs-Guide-Top-Autism-Blogs-01-e1535164856986.jpg?fit=300%2C300&ssl=1",
"https://anautismobserver.files.wordpress.com/2016/06/bullhorn-noise-a-color-signal-boost-enhanced-257x200.png?w=1200&resize=257%2C200",
"https://i0.wp.com/the-art-of-autism.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/white-logo.png?fit=250%2C250&ssl=1"
] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Salz7uGp72c"
] |
[] |
[
"nils skudra",
"stephen hawking",
"the theory of everything",
"physicist with a disability",
"eddie redmayne",
"felicity jones",
"als",
"eddie redmayne",
"felicity jones",
"physicist with a disability",
"stephen hawking",
"the theory of everything"
] | null |
[] |
2021-06-22T13:35:25
|
Nils Skudra reviews the movie about Stephen Hawking The Theory of Everything
|
en
|
The Art of Autism
|
https://the-art-of-autism.com/a-film-review-of-the-theory-of-everything/
|
By Nils Skudra
This week I took the opportunity to watch The Theory of Everything, a 2014 biographical film about the renowned cosmologist and physicist Stephen Hawking who struggled with ALS (commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s disease) throughout his life but achieved remarkable success and international fame for his contributions to scientific theory.
I felt that this film would be an ideal candidate for a review since it depicts how Hawking’s disability profoundly affected his marriage and his personal life, but in spite of this he did not let the disease become an obstacle to his professional achievements. This is a message that can resonate with people of various disabilities since they have the ability to fulfill their potential if they have the necessary willpower and support from family.
The film opens with Stephen Hawking (Eddie Redmayne) in a wheelchair at Buckingham Palace with his family, awaiting their meeting with Queen Elizabeth II. As Stephen circles about and watches his children playing, he reminisces about his time at the University of Cambridge in 1962, which the film subsequently flashes back to. As a young PhD student, an able-bodied Stephen is shown bicycling with his friend and roommate Brian to a college party, where he meets Jane Wilde (Felicity Jones), a literature student who is told by her friend that Stephen is “strange but clever.” She quickly takes a liking to him, although they differ in their religious views; while she is a devout Christian, he refers to his field of cosmology as “a kind of religion for intelligent atheists.” A connection quickly develops between them, and she gives him her phone number, indicating that she would be interested in meeting him again.
Stephen is currently struggling to determine a thesis topic for his PhD, which is a source of concern for his friends and his professor Dennis Sciama (David Thewlis), who recognizes Stephen’s mathematical brilliance and encourages him to attend an upcoming lecture about black holes in London. Meanwhile, he continues to court Jane, inviting her to his parents’ home for dinner where he announces that he will be taking her to the college dance, much to Jane’s surprise since he had not consulted her about this. During the event, Stephen displays some signs of social awkwardness since he prefers to watch the dancing rather than take part in it, and he makes intriguing scientific observations about the ultraviolet light being reflected off of the dancers. Nonetheless, when they are alone together on the bridge, he finds comfort in dancing with Jane, and they share a kiss.
While Stephen works on the research for his thesis, he begins to display signs of a mysterious disease, as his hands experience tremors that cause shaking and difficulty in properly picking up a pen. In addition, as he makes his way up the train platform for his class trip to London, he stumbles and holds onto the railing, momentarily halting before he boards the train. The lecture gives Stephen the inspiration to make black holes the focus of his thesis topic, speculating that they may have played a role in the creation of the universe. He explains this to Jane in terms of “winding back the clock” to the beginning of time, and Prof. Sciama encourages him to develop the mathematics that will support his thesis. However, things take a frightening turn when Stephen’s muscle tremors cause him to trip and hit his head, resulting in his hospitalization.
Following his medical examination, Stephen learns that he has been diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neuromuscular disease which kills the brain cells responsible for his motor functions, such as eating, swallowing, speaking, or breathing, and will result in gradual muscle deterioration. This will eventually lead to a complete loss of the ability to control voluntary movement. In addition, he is told that while the disease will not affect his thoughts, the gradual loss of speech means that he will ultimately be unable to articulate them. He is given a grim prognosis for an average life expectancy of two years, a revelation which makes Stephen reclusive and bitter, and he isolates himself from Jane in order to complete his PhD with the time that he has left.
When Jane learns about Stephen’s diagnosis, she comes to visit him and insists that he come out to play a game of croquet with her, which he grudgingly agrees to do. During the game, Jane sees firsthand the severity of Stephen’s condition, as he stumbles and hobbles while walking and struggles to pick up the croquet ball. She is heartbroken by this, but instead of abandoning Stephen she confesses her love for him and announces her desire to marry him. Although Stephen protests that his condition will affect everything in their marriage and that he only has two years to live, she states, “I want us to be together for as long as we’ve got, and if that’s not very long, well, then that’s just how it is. It’ll have to do.” She later reaffirms this resolve in a discussion with Stephen’s father in spite of his warning that “the weight of science is against you,” to which she replies, “I know what you all think, that I don’t look like a terribly strong person. But I love him, and he loves me. We’re going to fight this illness, together.”
Stephen and Jane subsequently marry, and they soon have their first child Robert. Stephen’s cognizance of his limited life expectancy gives him the conviction to write about the history of time, leading to his PhD thesis on the creation of the universe through a Big Bang, followed by the emission of heat and an eventual end of the universe in a Big Crunch. Prof. Sciama and the other examination board members are deeply impressed by Stephen’s thesis, and he receives his PhD. When asked what his next goal will be, Stephen answers,
To prove with a single equation that time had a beginning. Wouldn’t that be nice professor? The one simple elegant equation, to explain everything.
Although Stephen’s PhD is a cause for celebration with his friends and family, his condition continues to worsen as he loses the ability to walk, evidenced by his painful effort to crawl up the stairs toward his son. Consequently, he must use a wheelchair, and he is given a bed in the kitchen, which, he jokingly remarks, is “convenient for breakfast.” After the birth of their daughter Lucy, Stephen is inspired to develop a new theory about the visibility of black holes while viewing the fireplace flames through his sweater, and his presentation of this theory leads to international recognition as a physicist. Jane then buys him an electric wheelchair, which makes his mobility more efficient, but the burden of caring for him and their children, with whom he constantly plays and knocks things over in the household, prevents Jane from concentrating on her thesis. Her frustration and depression come to a head when Stephen chokes while visiting his parents, after which she angrily tells him, “I can’t do this on my own,” and rebuffs his reply that they are a normal family, protesting, “No, we are not a normal family! Robbie is missing out on his childhood!”
Jane’s mother convinces her to join the local church choir in order to ease some of the pressure from her family life. Upon meeting the choir master Jonathan Jones (Charlie Cox), who is immediately attracted to her, Jane informs him of her need for help in caring for Stephen and invites him to dinner at their home. While Stephen is initially suspicious of Jonathan, he develops a liking for him and tells Jane that he will not object to Jonathan’s support. Jonathan thus becomes a close friend of the family, giving the children piano lessons, helping Stephen with his needs, and going out on vacations with them. In the process, he and Jane develop romantic feelings for each other, although she remains faithful to Stephen.
Following the birth of their third child Timothy, suspicion falls upon Jane from Stephen’s mother due to Jonathan’s closeness with the family, prompting him to withdraw from their lives, although he and Jane privately admit their feelings for one another. Nonetheless, Stephen maintains his trust in Jonathan and asks him to accompany Jane and the children on a camping trip while Stephen attends an opera production in Bordeaux, France. Jane is thus left with the opportunity to examine, and possibly act upon, her feelings for Jonathan, but their trip is cut short when they learn that Stephen has fallen ill during the performance and is in hospital. She learns that he has contracted pneumonia and must undergo a tracheotomy in order to survive, although this will deprive him of his voice. While she is warned that Stephen may not survive the surgery, Jane adamantly insists that it must take place and asserts that her husband will live.
Following the tracheotomy, Stephen is deeply depressed over losing his ability to speak, and he is unresponsive when Jane uses a spelling board in an effort to make him communicate by blinking his eyes. However, when she hires Elaine Mason (Maxine Peake) as Stephen’s new live-in nurse, he finds her to have a more vibrant and down-to-earth personality, and therefore he eagerly cooperates when Elaine communicates with him. They soon acquire a voice synthesizer for Stephen, enabling him to communicate with a computerized voice and write a best-selling book, entitled A Brief History of Time. Over the course of his time with Elaine, he falls in love with her, as she easily connects with him and understands his prurient interest in pornography. She in turn is impressed by his sharp wit and sense of humor, and Jane is increasingly excluded from their interactions.
After he is invited to speak at an award ceremony in America, Stephen confesses to Jane that he has asked Elaine to accompany him, with the expectation that she, rather than Jane, will take care of him. Jane takes this as a devastating betrayal, having spent 25 years supporting Stephen through his illness and having raised a family with him. When Stephen asks “How many years,” Jane tearfully responds, “They said two. We’ve had so many.” Stephen then tries to comfort her, stating, “Everything will be okay,” to which Jane solemnly replies, “I have loved you. I did my best.” This scene is one of the most heartbreaking moments of the film since it effectively signals the end of Stephen’s and Jane’s marriage, in which she has cared for him and stayed by his side at a tremendous emotional and psychological cost, and viewers may feel very unsympathetic toward Stephen for leaving a companion who has shown such immense loyalty to him.
Stephen’s divorce from Jane leaves her free to renew her relationship with Jonathan, which quickly leads to their marriage. During the award ceremony in America, Stephen is commended by Prof. Sciama for having “defied every obstacle, both scientific and personal,” and he arrives onstage to accept the award and answer questions from the audience. While being asked about his philosophy of life, Stephen notices a student dropping her pen on the floor, which prompts him to imagine getting up out of his wheelchair to retrieve it, which brings him to the verge of tears since he knows that he cannot. Finally, in response to the question, he answers:
There should be no boundaries to human endeavor. We are all different. However bad life may seem, there is always something you can do, and succeed at. While there’s life, there is hope.
This statement is a profound reflection on Stephen’s accomplishments in the face of all the suffering that he has experienced due to his disease.
Originally given a prognosis of two years, he has far outlived that prediction and achieved astounding success as a physicist through his intellectual pursuits and the fervent support that Jane has given him. In addition, although most able-bodied women would probably have rejected him because of his illness, he found in Jane a strong and supportive soulmate who accepted his condition and cared for him, even though it was a heavy emotional burden for her. Furthermore, they have raised three children together, a fact which maintains their bond on friendly terms in the aftermath of their divorce. This is beautifully captured in the film’s climactic scene following their meeting with the queen; as they walk through the royal gardens, Stephen writes “Look what we made,” and he and Jane watch their children as they come to join their parents. Finally, the film flashes back through a series of defining moments in Stephen’s life, concluding with the party in which he and Jane first met.
Eddie Redmayne delivers a superb, Oscar-winning performance as Stephen Hawking, brilliantly capturing his personality and the successive stages of his disability. In the DVD special features, Redmayne recalls that he studied extensively about ALS, which included meeting the real Stephen Hawking and other individuals who have the disease, in order to understand its symptoms. Some critics may object that the casting of Redmayne in the role of Hawking poses issues of representation since he is an able-bodied actor while a real-life ALS actor would truly convey the challenges of having the disease. However, I believe that Redmayne’s portrayal is highly convincing, and the fact that he carried out in-depth research on ALS and consulted with real-life ALS individuals shows that he brought a deep sensitivity to his performance. In my opinion, Redmayne definitely earned his Oscar award for his performance.
Felicity Jones also delivers a compelling, Oscar-nominated performance as Jane Hawking, beautifully conveying her assertiveness and her emotional vulnerability as she struggles to care for Stephen. She and Redmayne have a superb onscreen chemistry, and both of the real Hawkings stated that they felt the actors truly captured them. Furthermore, the film articulates a powerful message about the potential of individuals with severe, often life-threatening disabilities to achieve personal and professional success, as well as the challenges that families can face in supporting them. For disabled viewers, hopefully The Theory of Everything can provide an inspiration for them to pursue their dreams, and while their families may certainly relate to its depiction of the challenges that Jane Hawking struggled with in caring for Stephen, they can still come away with the resolve to support their family members so that they can fulfill those dreams.
I am an artist on the autism spectrum. I received an MA specializing in Civil War/Reconstruction history at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro, and I have been drawing hundreds of Civil War-themed pictures since the age of five and a half. I’m now working on a secondary Master’s in Library Science. As a person with Asperger’s Syndrome, I have a very focused set of interests, and the Civil War is my favorite historical event within that range of interests. It is therefore my fervent desire to become a Civil War historian and have my Civil War artwork published in an art book for children. I am also very involved in the autism community and currently serve as the President/Head Officer of Spectrum at UNCG, an organization I founded for students on the autism spectrum. The goal of the organization is to promote autism awareness and foster an inclusive community for autistic students on the UNCG campus. The group has attracted some local publicity and is steadily gaining new members, and we shall be hosting autism panels for classes on campus in the near future.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 65
|
https://the-resident.fandom.com/wiki/Conrad_Hawkins
|
en
|
Conrad Hawkins
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/the-resident/images/9/95/Conrad_Hawkins_Season_Two_Promotional_Photo.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20200313042451
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/the-resident/images/9/95/Conrad_Hawkins_Season_Two_Promotional_Photo.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20200313042451
|
[
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/the-resident/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210713134736",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/the-resident/images/9/95/Conrad_Hawkins_Season_Two_Promotional_Photo.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/333?cb=20200313042451",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/the-resident/images/a/ad/The_Resident_-_Episode_1.01_%285%29.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20171124155417",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/the-resident/images/a/ad/The_Resident_-_Episode_1.01_%285%29.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20171124155417",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/the-resident/images/0/02/Conrad_Hawkins2.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20171128143942",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/the-resident/images/0/02/Conrad_Hawkins2.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20171128143942",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/the-resident/images/b/b3/Conrad_Hawkins_Season_One.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180102161849",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/the-resident/images/b/b3/Conrad_Hawkins_Season_One.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180102161849",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ff185fe4-8356-4b6b-ad48-621b95a82a1d",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f3fc9271-3d5e-4c73-9afc-e6a9f6154ff1",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/464fc70a-5090-490b-b47e-0759e89c263f",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f7bb9d33-4f9a-4faa-88fe-2a0bd8138668"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to The Resident Wiki"
] |
2024-08-14T13:00:00+00:00
|
Dr. Conrad Winthrop (Hawkins) an Attending Physician in Internal Medicine at Chastain Park Memorial Hospital. He is portrayed by Matt Czuchry. Dr. Conrad Hawkins is introduced as a tough, brilliant and cocky senior resident, who supervises an idealistic young doctor, Dr. Devon Pravesh, on his...
|
en
|
/skins-ucp/mw139/common/favicon.ico
|
The Resident Wiki
|
https://the-resident.fandom.com/wiki/Conrad_Hawkins
|
'Devon Pravesh'
Devon begins his residency with a text from Conrad "Meet me in Physical therapy. Try not to be a dick." When they meet in Devon's eye it was one of the worst meetings. Conrad tells him to take his tie off, he's not in Harvard anymore. Conrad asked him what he was into. He was asking him what his type was. Devon scoffs in disbelief, stating, "I don't understand". Devon was not prepared, going from professional people to Conrad. A man who works in his own way. Conrad brags a little about scoring higher on "19 first authors". Devon scores 267 while Conrad scored 280. After a couple hours or so, Devon walks up to Nic saying he needs a new residence. Nic, however, convinces him this was not the best idea. Saying that Devon could with a mechanic whos polite nice, runs all the test but charges you thousands to fix the car. Only to find out when your driving home you hear the same rattle. You could have that or you could have a mechanic that is rude, arrogant, and annoying but fixes the rattle and only charges $5. Devon sticks with Conrad seeing as he had no choice.
Over time, without admitting it, Devon sees that while Conrad was rude and arrogant. Conrad was good at he does and gets results. The two work well along with each. Of course, there's a lot of disagreement along the way, fights, and rule-breaking. However, the two get the job done. The two do occasionally hang outside of work at a bar. As Conrad, Devon and Nic work on taking down Lane Hunter they all become closer. Sometimes at one or another's house. The two do care for each other and will show from time to time. When Conrad sprained his ankle after crashing into a biker while running. Devon admits Conrad as a patient under his care. He refused to let Conrad blow him off. It took until almost the end of the shift for Conrad to finally admit he needed help. Conrad talked to Devon about several things, several first while working.
While the two may not be best friends, they are close to each other. Caring for one another and helping each other along the way. Conrad picks on him along the way, but does it to push Devon into becoming a great doctor.
In A Wedding, A Funeral, Conrad had asked Devon to be his best man, but Devon had to go be with his family due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the recent death of his father.}}
Kit Voss Kit and Conrad, when seen together are clearly seen to support one another, especially when Kit is emotionally attached to patients in which Conrad often helps her out.
Initially, Bell and Conrad's relationship was terrible, they argued many times, especially over patients because of Conrad breaking rules to save lives, in more recent seasons, Bell and Conrad are shown to have somewhat fixed their relationship with Conrad even calling Bell his friend on one occasion.
|
||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 67
|
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-gray-area-with-sean-illing/id1081584611
|
en
|
âThe Gray Area with Sean Illing on Apple Podcasts
|
[
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif",
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif",
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif",
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif",
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif",
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif",
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif",
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif",
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif",
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif",
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif",
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif",
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif",
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif",
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif",
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif",
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif",
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif",
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif",
"https://podcasts.apple.com/assets/artwork/1x1-42817eea7ade52607a760cbee00d1495.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"The Gray Area with Sean Illing",
"Vox",
"podcast show",
"listen",
"download",
"apple podcasts"
] | null |
[
"Vox"
] |
2024-08-12T00:00:00
|
The Gray Area with Sean Illing takes a philosophy-minded look at culture, technology, politics, and the world of ideas. Each week, we invite a guest to explore a question or topic that matters. From the the state of democracy, to the struggle with depression and anxiety, to the nature of identity inâ¦
|
en
|
Apple Podcasts
|
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-gray-area-with-sean-illing/id1081584611
|
Sean Illing speaks with marriage and family therapist Vienna Pharaon, whose book 'The Origins of You' aims to help us identify and heal the wounds that originated from our family, which shape our patterns of behavior in relationships and throughout our lives. Sean and Vienna talk about how we can spot and name our "origin wounds," discuss practical wisdom to help break free from the ways these pains grip us, and Sean directly confronts some real issues from his upbringing and family life.
Host: Sean Illing (@seanilling), host, The Gray Area
Guest: Vienna Pharaon (@mindfulmft), marriage & family therapist; author
References:Â
The Origins of You: How Breaking Family Patterns Can Liberate the Way We Live and Love by Vienna Pharaon (G.P. Putnam's Sons; 2023)
When the Body Says No: The Cost of Hidden Stress by Dr. Gabor Maté (Wiley; 2011)
Â
Enjoyed this episode? Rate The Gray Area âââââ and leave a review on Apple Podcasts.
Be the first to hear new episodes of The Gray Area by following us in your favorite podcast app. Links here: https://www.vox.com/the-gray-area
Support The Gray Area by making a financial contribution to Vox! bit.ly/givepodcasts
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
In an Orwellian twist, the word âOrwellianâ has been misused so much over the decades that itâs essentially lost its meaning. But George Orwell, author of the classics Animal Farm and 1984, was very clear in his beliefs. While he was progressive and prescient in many ways, he wasnât without his flaws. This week, Sean Illing explores the real George Orwell with Laura Beers, the author of Orwell's Ghosts: Wisdom and Warnings for the Twenty-First Century.
Host: Sean Illing (@seanilling), host, The Gray Area
Guest: Laura Beers
Enjoyed this episode? Rate The Gray Area âââââ and leave a review on Apple Podcasts.
Be the first to hear new episodes of The Gray Area by following us in your favorite podcast app. Links here: https://www.vox.com/the-gray-area
Support The Gray Area by making a financial contribution to Vox! bit.ly/givepodcasts
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
The US Constitution is a brilliant political document, but itâs far from perfect. This weekâs guest, Erwin Chemerinsky, argues that many of todayâs threats to democracy are a direct result of compromises made by the Founding Fathers centuries ago. Those mistakes have come back to haunt us, and they might destroy our democracy.
Erwin Chemerinskyâs latest book is No Democracy Lasts Forever.
Host: Sean Illing (@seanilling), host, The Gray Area
Guest: Erwin Chemerinsky
Enjoyed this episode? Rate The Gray Area âââââ and leave a review on Apple Podcasts.
Be the first to hear new episodes of The Gray Area by following us in your favorite podcast app. Links here: https://www.vox.com/the-gray-area
Support The Gray Area by making a financial contribution to Vox! bit.ly/givepodcasts
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
You canât drop an f-bomb on the radio, but fortunately for our guest, you can say anything you want in a podcast. This week, host Sean Illing talks to philosopher Rebecca Roache, author of For F*ckâs Sake: Why Swearing Is Shocking, Rude, and Fun about the philosophy and linguistics of swearing, and why certain four-letter words hold the magical power to both offend and delight.
Warning: In case itâs not obvious, this episode contains swearing.
Host: Sean Illing (@seanilling), host, The Gray Area
Guest: Rebecca Roache (@rebecca_roache)
Enjoyed this episode? Rate The Gray Area âââââ and leave a review on Apple Podcasts.
Be the first to hear new episodes of The Gray Area by following us in your favorite podcast app. Links here: https://www.vox.com/the-gray-area
Support The Gray Area by making a financial contribution to Vox! bit.ly/givepodcasts
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Sean Illing talks with political science professor Matt McManus about the political thought of Friedrich Nietzsche, the 19th-century German philosopher with a complicated legacy, despite his crossover into popular culture. They discuss how Nietzsche's work has been interpreted â and misinterpreted â since his death in 1900, how his radical political views emerge from his body of work, and how we can use Nietzsche's philosophy in order to interpret some key features of our contemporary politics.
Host: Sean Illing (@seanilling), host, The Gray Area
Guest: Matt McManus.
Enjoyed this episode? Rate The Gray Area âââââ and leave a review on Apple Podcasts.
Be the first to hear new episodes of The Gray Area by following us in your favorite podcast app. Links here: https://www.vox.com/the-gray-area
Support The Gray Area by making a financial contribution to Vox! bit.ly/givepodcasts
This episode was made by:Â
Producer: Jon EhrensÂ
Engineer: Patrick Boyd
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
Authoritarian tendencies have been on the rise globally and the liberal world order is on the decline. One hotspot of this tension lies in India, where Prime Minister Narendra Modi employs autocratic language and tactics to maintain power. But a recent election may indicate that voters are losing interest in this style of rule. Guest host Zack Beauchamp talks with scholar Pratap Bhanu Mehta about the past of the Indian liberal tradition and what the current politics of the worldâs largest democracy say about the state of global politics.Â
Host: Sean Illing (@seanilling), host, The Gray Area
Guest: Pratap Bhanu Mehta
Enjoyed this episode? Rate The Gray Area âââââ and leave a review on Apple Podcasts.
Be the first to hear new episodes of The Gray Area by following us in your favorite podcast app. Links here: https://www.vox.com/the-gray-area
Support The Gray Area by making a financial contribution to Vox! bit.ly/givepodcasts
This episode was made by:Â
Producer: Jon EhrensÂ
Engineer: Patrick Boyd
Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 32
|
https://tellyvisions.org/article/watch-eddie-redmayne-theory-everything-trailer
|
en
|
WATCH: Eddie Redmayne in 'The Theory of Everything' Trailer
|
[
"https://tellyvisions.org/themes/custom/telly_visions/logo.svg",
"https://tellyvisions.org/themes/custom/telly_visions/images/weta-logo-small.svg",
"https://tellyvisions.org/themes/custom/telly_visions/logo.svg",
"https://tellyvisions.org/themes/custom/telly_visions/images/weta-logo-small.svg",
"https://tellyvisions.org/sites/default/files/eddieredmayneashawking.jpg",
"https://tellyvisions.org/sites/default/files/styles/1_1__80x80/public/walestwitteravicrapped_0.jpg?itok=hKO4jp9V 1x",
"https://tellyvisions.org/themes/custom/telly_visions/images/weta-passport.svg",
"https://tellyvisions.org/themes/custom/telly_visions/images/weta-logo-reversed.svg",
"https://tellyvisions.org/themes/custom/telly_visions/images/tellyvisions-logo.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Lacy Baugher",
"Carmen Croghan"
] |
2014-09-10T14:57:20-04:00
|
Biopics about incredible British men – and starring incredible British men – seems to be quiet a theme at the movies in 2014. Sherlock star Benedict Cumberbatch is earning early raves for his portrayal of Alan Turing in The Imitation Game and now fellow dreamy Brit Eddie Redmayne (whom you may know from Les Miserables and Birdsong) is also generating quite a bit of buzz in a role Cumberbatch previously played. (Because, you know, of course he did). Redmayne is playing the great British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in a new film entitled The Theory of Everything. The drama explores the complex relationship between Hawking and his first wife Jane, and chronicles his diagnosis and subsequent battle with motor neurone disease beginning at the age of 21. (Motor neurone disease, in case you weren’t aware of this, is known as ALS in America, and was the impetus behind that Ice Bucket Challenge that took over your Facebook feed this summer.) The film follows his career as a groundbreaking theoretician and the many discoveries he made as his body deteriorated.
|
en
|
/themes/custom/telly_visions/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png
|
Telly Visions
|
https://tellyvisions.org/article/watch-eddie-redmayne-theory-everything-trailer
|
This year five talented Brits have been nominated for an Academy Award. Most of these names are quite familiar to UK film fans; however, before they were delivering inspiring performances and their names appeared on movie theater marquees, they had to pay their dues with small guest appearances in television series and made-for-TV movies.
Let’s take a brief look at their careers before they were Oscar hopefuls…
If the holidays are wrapping up and the cold, dark winter is truly setting in, it can mean only one thing. It’s awards season! For the UK film industry, the greatest accolade that can be bestowed is from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, BAFTA for short, which also happens to the name of the statuette presented to the winners.
On this past Friday, the nominees for the 2015 BAFTAs were announced at the Picadilly headquarters of the Academy itself by perennial host Stephen Fry and his cohort Sam Claflin. While there might have been a few snubs, most of the expected names were announced. Of interest to British movie fans, The Theory of Everything and The Imitation Game received multiple nods for acting, screenplay, director and best overall film. Ralph Fiennes, Rosamund Pike and Imelda Staunton also earned nominations for their impressive work in The Grand Budapest Hotel, Gone Girl and Pride respectively. A complete list of nominees can be found here.
Though a British organization, most of BAFTA’s awards are not limited to UK produced movies except for one – the Outstanding British Film category. Last year some of the nominees for this award had a tenuous claim to this distinction. In fact it was Gravity starring Sandra Bullock and George Clooney that won this honor in 2014.
This year’s batch of outstanding movies are much more identifiably British and a good representation of UK filmmaking overall. Two are biopics of famous scholars, two are based on historical events set in the fairly recent past, one is a Scottish sci-fi thriller and the last is a CGI depiction of a beloved British children’s character. I’ve actually seen four out of the six films on the list and, despite a few disagreements based on my own personal tastes, would concur with a majority of its candidates.
Let’s take a look at the nominees, shall we?
The major film festivals have taken place and now Hollywood is releasing the trailers for its 2015 Oscar contenders. If you pay attention to that sort of thing, you may well have heard the buzz around our latest featured actor – Eddie Redmayne.
He’s receiving accolades for his performance as Stephen Hawking in The Theory of Everything. The film follows the life of the world famous scientist from his days as a student at Oxford through his devastating ALS diagnosis and out the other side to the triumph of his career and his determination to outlive the dire predictions of his doctors. He does all this with the love and full support of his fiancé, and later, wife, Jane (Felicity Jones) by his side.
(Curious about The Theory of Everything? Watch the trailer.)
Long before this breakout lead role, however, young Mr. Redmayne had been getting noticed for his acting skills on both sides of the pond. He’s won the Olivier and the Tony for his supporting role in the play Red as well as other theatre and film award nominations. So if you’re not familiar with this talented performer, here are just a few examples of Eddie’s past television and film work which you can view, in most cases, tonight if the mood strikes you.
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 49
|
https://indiefilmhustle.com/ultimate-guide-to-martin-scorsese-and-his-directing-techniques/
|
en
|
Ultimate Guide To Martin Scorsese And His Directing Techniques
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1647020462245144&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://indiefilmhustle.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Header-Logo3.png",
"https://indiefilmhustle.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Martin-Scorsese.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/38.media.tumblr.com/2df69c261dee0d2402eaa89f91ea23a7/tumblr_inline_nc69oaaBKD1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i1.wp.com/33.media.tumblr.com/016e6c0e11142f85c5a7c85e4325a9ae/tumblr_inline_nc69oysyVP1qafciz.png",
"https://i1.wp.com/33.media.tumblr.com/20fbf2b582710287f0017911a8fdc4f5/tumblr_inline_ncf8odLUdB1qafciz.png",
"https://i1.wp.com/33.media.tumblr.com/566e985c1d05899b84ef6a7fb92a53af/tumblr_inline_ncf8q6bu5m1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i2.wp.com/33.media.tumblr.com/057f3e450f80f06e309ceb19fb257db8/tumblr_inline_ncj928d3Mv1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i1.wp.com/33.media.tumblr.com/3467eb82b0a90edddac0ce9f680891cb/tumblr_inline_ncsfglPNTD1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/38.media.tumblr.com/cd608a27af249d87306feb690aaa1dea/tumblr_inline_ncsfj6tnhh1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i2.wp.com/38.media.tumblr.com/75d807775945b03abc7a6b1402dfc5c1/tumblr_inline_nd3mobYLn21qafciz.jpg",
"https://i2.wp.com/38.media.tumblr.com/c4529cf48c5d85d81ac6c1cd46af06b2/tumblr_inline_nd3momnvTz1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/33.media.tumblr.com/f247bc7d9b7a311d51ead310cd3e8e8f/tumblr_inline_ndreumj7iZ1qafciz.jpg",
"https://directorsseries.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/after-hours-martin-scorsese.jpg?w=768",
"https://directorsseries.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/02-mirrormirror.jpg?w=768",
"https://i1.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/ded6f080928612a784bddaebeca837cd/tumblr_inline_neweril4qy1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/65.media.tumblr.com/b2ce9eb39cda77a4a563306d43346800/tumblr_inline_nfawwxIpZa1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i1.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/d575cfb61dc5c37fbe108e8817718c4a/tumblr_inline_nfawz2wmOu1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/65.media.tumblr.com/63ac13f96176024debbd44141aac3baf/tumblr_inline_nfawzrSjm91qafciz.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/65.media.tumblr.com/285eea61bd71b14c0b21a075998feb49/tumblr_inline_nfeu67NZLm1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/67.media.tumblr.com/151fa87c66e49fa04797e554292a939b/tumblr_inline_nfmffhx4SE1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i1.wp.com/65.media.tumblr.com/97fcd9895fcfb18fd216f76143a7e53b/tumblr_inline_nfmfhgjdEA1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i2.wp.com/65.media.tumblr.com/046a0a1383760abafc0fe6ea9d0d18ec/tumblr_inline_nfmfhp3CWd1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i2.wp.com/67.media.tumblr.com/df1970c4b3c79b22eed3963690b09b1c/tumblr_inline_nfmfhyfbVI1qafciz.png",
"https://i0.wp.com/67.media.tumblr.com/3734c10bc18685d87a7d88b7e26cb8a5/tumblr_inline_nfnwfxXr6x1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i2.wp.com/67.media.tumblr.com/7b4506dbc27f13b36bccf05b278c73b6/tumblr_inline_ng31pg7mgR1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i1.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/ad676ef7c4a272fcdbc2cfebc0f0a7e5/tumblr_inline_ng31qzF7zg1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i1.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/a9d6ba35bedc88ef24e6f4b541321bbe/tumblr_inline_ngdyb3hYPQ1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i2.wp.com/67.media.tumblr.com/299098c3712e4ea9fd3845569038c56d/tumblr_inline_ngor70iUsz1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i2.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/ce728bc82e1ee7ab7435913129eaf04f/tumblr_inline_ngsr6xWBaB1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i2.wp.com/65.media.tumblr.com/a5a60762957ea8d988ff1d411bc76412/tumblr_inline_ngsr7iaRTW1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i1.wp.com/67.media.tumblr.com/f42a380c81954d3cf7b2b001b0bf3c6f/tumblr_inline_ngsr78nGLg1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i1.wp.com/67.media.tumblr.com/2cdfee70b4c8d15ef4087de531c3265d/tumblr_inline_nhvn9nUK131qafciz.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/db05653adff4d6cbc23f4c2946d9e3ca/tumblr_inline_nhvn9xvPXv1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i1.wp.com/67.media.tumblr.com/db5795c2380657df8a42e52147415ad4/tumblr_inline_nhvnaeUjfi1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/65.media.tumblr.com/c7fd2ca049e16d4b562f79e52c8c41eb/tumblr_inline_ni51biiFR81qafciz.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/3be05d69cf433131f7265d0021c51520/tumblr_inline_ni51cnAe641qafciz.jpg",
"https://i2.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/3b42ae5209976459b105fa41513dbf2d/tumblr_inline_niae2bytRj1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i2.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/047510cc489de67c4ba9c6461f654671/tumblr_inline_nilnkv9UbR1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/857b5efd9a707f3e90519077c5f89ab6/tumblr_inline_nilnm793sl1qafciz.png",
"https://i2.wp.com/67.media.tumblr.com/9746422d48d8fa938775a5f1ef338634/tumblr_inline_nilnnpwqPz1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i1.wp.com/65.media.tumblr.com/8b33aa329540c168128cc55459dc90d5/tumblr_inline_nilnobqc5n1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i2.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/2f2fd34a1c9fc08fcbd8a3dcd4b6fab9/tumblr_inline_nj9exty8Db1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i2.wp.com/67.media.tumblr.com/667530a7da0cf28f8ef2b9680557e42d/tumblr_inline_nj9eyaF7G91qafciz.jpg",
"https://i1.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/a930daa02a64fcc03eee1bf89f0d50c6/tumblr_inline_nj9eyrnLQB1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i1.wp.com/67.media.tumblr.com/d7b77900fd309f1d2b43ec82b3c5a523/tumblr_inline_njo7apmX7C1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i1.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/809f982e3db398492ae90a0f2321ad45/tumblr_inline_njo78dNDH11qafciz.jpg",
"https://i1.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/da9b11c2351fe2bd2fdf8dcec892f8c3/tumblr_inline_njxo55XKYF1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i2.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/8185b2867bdba39a020842fbb4573179/tumblr_inline_nk1956M98s1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i1.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/a0fdf8fbd6c0e08542b919c47ddd8f1b/tumblr_inline_nk19358mcu1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i2.wp.com/67.media.tumblr.com/2b6694ba85efce5d5b4d5510de25e1cd/tumblr_inline_nk194dvs8W1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/67.media.tumblr.com/bf2a91295844fc15cc99b6a9564f03af/tumblr_inline_nkavq7xzo11qafciz.jpg",
"https://i1.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/540ccb48c9a7fc79d5e9407ef78a7d09/tumblr_inline_nkecujJdIf1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i1.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/d521d1d79522fb91ed759f2041f583da/tumblr_inline_nkpcy4meUh1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i2.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/226bf1af0e07a0bc9c36d7d2c5bb3bdc/tumblr_inline_nkpcz6uxlr1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i1.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/b24e95f778534282089062347e39b651/tumblr_inline_nkpczltMnE1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/65.media.tumblr.com/da06eed4430666b57de4b4f3ea28ab9c/tumblr_inline_nl11diVlWv1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i1.wp.com/66.media.tumblr.com/b4f48a65dcbc26cc27287e40e698a9e3/tumblr_inline_nl11esBZdt1qafciz.jpg",
"https://i2.wp.com/67.media.tumblr.com/35985d4069a421979e6834df3a35cd50/tumblr_inline_nl12aunlVV1qafciz.jpg",
"https://directorsseries.files.wordpress.com/2017/10/vinyl-003.jpg?w=768",
"https://directorsseries.files.wordpress.com/2017/11/silence_bts_embed.jpg?w=768",
"https://indiefilmhustle.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/FREE-LOWER-GIL.png",
"https://indiefilmhustle.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/auther.jpg",
"https://indiefilmhustle.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Dogme-95.jpg",
"https://indiefilmhustle.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/mumble1.jpg",
"https://indiefilmhustle.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Cinema-Verite.jpg",
"https://indiefilmhustle.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/once-time-hollywood.jpg",
"https://indiefilmhustle.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/french.jpg",
"https://indiefilmhustle.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Footer-Logo-3.png"
] |
[
"https://player.vimeo.com/video/19701894",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/9mfoIDK3Jc0?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/RVCE2d0xda0?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/wh1yj9lMtVQ?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/6tuJDAr6b7w?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/rCwjzn0CncA?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/2tzKAlLb4iM?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/Nf08x-Sk59Y?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/0wVhCCo02P4?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/lLHM-wPecz0?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/k7gmrKAFshE?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/qJKxg4p-Alk?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/qo5jJpHtI1Y?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/_-GoT8wCvF4?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/jsXIpnMRu88?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/K0bENHsyGPg?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/UePpB9Qatnw?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/CK5PRxvXiCw?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/-LwGJwVto4k?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/eKbnwQwOg5M?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/HrzeP4TvzXc?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/HCQgBcn3F8A?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/QOUtzHizr9A?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/YbbzaS8rcak?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/P5nAxzH4OPs?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/mEGDSoHwOv0?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/5iaYLCiq5RM?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/TL9cViHLRAM?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/e6z71l6HQwQ?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/dzkePaPfNWU?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/5DKx7MhcHHo?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/t3K0Xg0KHEk?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1",
"//www.youtube.com/embed/xzHpM07ljRo?iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&playinline=1&showinfo=0&rel=0&enablejsapi=1"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Indie Film Hustle"
] |
2023-01-06T15:30:10+00:00
|
FIRST SHORT WORKS (1959-1966) In the United States, feature films are given ratings by the Motion Picture Association of America as a means to prohibit memb ...
|
en
|
Indie Film Hustle®
|
https://indiefilmhustle.com/ultimate-guide-to-martin-scorsese-and-his-directing-techniques/
|
FIRST SHORT WORKS (1959-1966)
In the United States, feature films are given ratings by the Motion Picture Association of America as a means to prohibit members of certain age brackets from exposure to mature content. The R rating in particular is meant to prevent anyone under the age of 17 from gaining admission to a film that’s been deemed either too violent and/or sexual for their age.
Thanks to home video, I had seen plenty of R-rated films before I turned seventeen, but once I did, damned if I didn’t go straight to the theatre to enjoy some hassle-free Restricted film viewing. The first R-rated film I ever saw in theatres was director Martin Scorsese’s GANGS OF NEW YORK (2002).
The subject matter and historical period attracted me more to the film than the authorship of its director—indeed up until then, I had only been tangentially aware of Scorsese’s influence on the medium. Nevertheless, it was one of the most visceral filmgoing experiences of my young life, and I became acutely aware I was in the hands of a master filmmaker.
In many ways, it was the beginning of my filmic literacy and education. As of this writing, Scorsese is currently 72 years old, and shows no signs of slowing down or retiring. He belongs to the Film Brat generation of filmmakers, amongst contemporaries like Francis Ford Coppola, Brian DePalma, and Steven Spielberg.
Theirs was the earliest generation to attend and graduate from dedicated film schools like New York University or University of Southern California, and as such, the first generation to truly bring the idea of “community” to filmmaking.
The 1970’s and 80’s were heady days for Scorsese’s generation of filmmakers, with their overlapping social circles causing them to feed off of each other’s creative energies and funnel it into a collective stylistic movement we now call New Hollywood.
In the decades since, Scorsese has emerged as something of a national treasure—he’s not only one of the most significant and influential filmmakers in American history, but he’s also one of its most prolific producers as well. Scorsese’s body of work largely deals with stories about the Italian-American experience, Roman Catholic concepts of sin and redemption, modern masculinity, and organized crime.
He was instrumental in the development of modern cinema, popularizing many of its core conceits like dynamic camera movement, fast-paced editing, and laying popular music into the soundtrack. His depictions of the Italian American experience in his native New York City is rivaled in influence only by Woody Allen’s documentation of the Jewish experience.
Younger filmmakers like Spike Lee, James Gray, and even Lena Dunham have followed his example in using the city as a prism with which to focus on certain subcultures (the African-American, Polish/Eastern European, and Millennial/hipster cultures, respectively).
Scorsese is also one of the most decorated filmmakers of our time—he has the most Oscar nominations for Best Director (eight, with one win) of any living director. When considering the total nominations of ALL directors living or dead, he comes in second only to William Wyler, an honor he shares with Billy Wilder.
“Marty” Scorsese was born November 17th, 1942 in Queens, New York to Charles and Catherine Scorsese. Both parents worked in the Garment District in addition to being actors. They were emigrants from the Italian island of Sicily, which meant that Scorsese was a first generation American, and thus better positioned than his parents to pursue the American Dream as he saw fit—a quest that would become a key theme in his body of work.
Having moved to Manhattan’s Little Italy shortly before attending school, Scorsese grew up as a sickly child—his severe asthma prevented him from playing sports, so he would go to the movies instead. The Scorsese household was strictly Roman Catholic, and little Marty had initially planned on becoming a priest when he grew up.
After taking in a screening of Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger’s BLACK NARCISSUS one day in 1947, however, he found himself bit by the film bug. Hard. He began mainlining a steady diet of films—mostly historical epics and the Italian neorealism of Ingmar Bergman and Federico Fellini.
Films like BICYCLE THIEVES (1948) and ROME OPEN CITY (1945) gave Scorsese a deeper appreciation of his Italian heritage, but the idea of pursuing filmmaking as a career didn’t occur to him until independent director John Cassavetes released his self-financed debut feature, FACES, in 1959—a flashpoint event that forever dispelled any excuse an aspiring director had for not actively making his or her movie.
That same year, Scorsese followed Cassavetes’ example and made his first short film, VESUVIUS VI. Like the historical epics he loved growing up, the film was set in Ancient Rome and drew inspiration from the then-popular television series 77 SUNSET STRIP.
For whatever reason, VESUVIUS VI is unfortunately unavailable for public viewing, but it was enough to land the academically challenged Scorsese a spot in New York University’s class of 1964. From 1960-1964, Scorsese worked towards a bachelor’s degree in English while making two short films that would serve as his first true experimentations with the art form and help solidify his aesthetic.
WHATS A NICE GIRL LIKE YOU DOING IN A PLACE LIKE THIS? (1963)
The ideas and practices of the French New Wave can be felt heavily throughout Scorsese’s earliest publicly available work, WHAT’S A NICE GIRL LIKE YOU DOING IN A PLACE LIKE THIS? The short is about an anxious writer who becomes so entranced by a particular photograph that it gives him terrible writers block.
He meets and marries a young bohemian girl whose carefree ways release him from his internal struggles—that is until her art begins to take a crippling hold on him as well. Scorsese tells a very fractured narrative, switching between subjective first person perspective to documentary-style testimonials and various non sequiturs with reckless abandon.
Shooting in black and white, Scorsese wields his handheld camera with a dynamic, exaggerated sense of reality that’s almost cartoon-like in nature. His compositions and lighting setups are bold, confident, and very impressionistic- indeed, the influence of Fellini and his distinctly magical style is felt in every frame.
WHATS A NICE GIRL LIKE YOU DOING IN A PLACE LIKE THIS? closes with the line, “Life is fraught with peril”—an interesting conclusion that feels very prescient when we consider the films yet to come from the young Scorsese.
ITS NOT JUST YOU, MURRAY! (1964)
The next year, Scorsese made his third work, titled IT’S JUST NOT YOU, MURRAY! It starred Ira Robin as the titular Murray, Sam DeFazio as his buddy Joe, and Andrea Martin as Murray’s aloof wife. Catherine Scorsese even appears, beginning a long tradition of making cameos in her son’s work.
The short follows the black and white, French New wave conceits of its predecessor, going a step farther by exposing its artificiality as a film by acknowledging the presence of a sound man. The film is mostly comedic, but it introduces several ideas that Scorsese would incorporate into his dramatic aesthetic.
Examples include weaving the story specifically into the fabric of New York City and the depiction of violence in a hard-hitting, messy, and realistic manner. IT’S NOT JUST YOU, MURRAY! also sees the first appearance of a common trope within Scorsese’s work—the introduction of the love interest (in this instance, Andrea Martin) as a blonde in a white dress.
It’s not that Scorsese just has a thing for blondes—the frequent appearance of this scene throughout his body of work can be traced back to his Roman Catholic background and the dogma that gave birth to the madonna/whore complex that drives his films’ sexual conflicts.
As a whole, IT’S NOT JUST YOU, MURRAY! is the first of Scorsese’s works to follow his signature narrative framework: a man hailing from an immigrant family (usually Italian) and living in New York City gets involved in shady dealings with a business partner, becomes rich, marries above his social caste, and achieves the American Dream only to lose it all to hubris and ego.
The titular Murray of this short film introduces himself by saying he wants to learn how to live A Good Life—it’s the pursuit of “The Good Life” that Scorsese’s films are all about, and his characters are determined to get it by any means necessary.
Scorsese graduated from New York University’s undergraduate program in 1964, and then went right back in to earn an MFA in Film. He finished in 1966, the same year he made NEW YORK CITY…MELTING POINT, a film about which little is known other than the fact that it’s a documentary.
My guess is that it was Scorsese’s master’s thesis film, but until it is publicly available, we’ll never know for sure. Thankfully, however, we have the above short films to show us that his aesthetic was already highly developed, thanks to a firm command of the craft that he’d cultivated from a childhood spent in the movie theatre. They prove, without a shadow of a doubt, Martin Scorsese was a natural born filmmaker from the very start.
WHO’S THAT KNOCKING AT MY DOOR (1967)
Nowadays, going to college to pursue filmmaking is almost as commonplace as studying law or economics. Nobody bats an eye when a young man or woman declares his or her intentions to become a filmmaker (except maybe for the parents shouldering those insane tuition fees).
It’s hard to believe, in the late 60’s when the idea of “film school” was new and untested, that pursuing a profession in film carried a certain stigma with it. That first class of school-taught filmmakers, comprised of the likes of Francis Ford Coppola, Brian DePalma, or George Lucas, would prove invaluable in legitimizing the idea of film schools as a breeding ground for tomorrow’s top cinematic talents.
Sometime in the mid-60’s, a young man named Martin Scorsese was sitting in a film history course at New York University and found himself struck by his professor’s sheer enthusiasm and love for cinema, beginning a journey that bring him to the forefront of his particular generation of filmmakers.
The young Scorsese would try his hand at filmmaking by directing two shorts during his undergraduate studies—WHAT’S A NICE GIRL LIKE YOU DOING IN A PLACE LIKE THIS? (1963), and IT’S JUST NOT YOU, MURRAY! (1964).
However, the real test would come in the form of a student short he embarked on the following year—a film about rambunctious young Italian men called BRING ON THE DANCING GIRLS. He might not have known it at the time, but what he was reallyembarking on was his very first feature film—albeit the process of how it came to be deviated greatly from conventional processes.
In 1967, Scorsese added a romantic sublot with actress Zina Bethune to the short and changed the title to I CALL FIRST, eventually screening it at the Chicago Film Festival the following year (and even earning high praise from a young Roger Ebert).
This led to the film’s acquisition by exploitation distributor Joseph Brenner, who forced the young director to add in a gratuitous sex scene (spliced quite literally into the middle of a dialogue scene) and retitle the film to WHO’S THAT KNOCKING AT MY DOOR.
The film takes place in a world the young Scorsese knew quite well: the Little Italy neighborhood of Manhattan. JR (Harvey Keitel, in his first of several collaborations with Scorsese) is a young hood who spends his days raising hell around town with his no-good friends, and his nights getting his kicks with an endless rotation of loose women he dismisses as “broads”.
He’s a little bit of a dreamer, but for all his open-mindedness, he can’t help fall in line with the community mentality towards women. One day, he meets a girl (the aforementioned Bethune and the first of many Scorsese blondes) on the Staten Island Ferry and is taken with her effortless charms and virginal purity.
They begin a courtship, bonding over their differences as well as their similarities (for instance, a shared obsession with movies). When JR announces to the girl that he wants to marry her, she reveals a dark secret about her past—a few years ago, she was raped while on a date with another boy.
JR is unable to deal with the revelation and storms off into the night for a round of raucous partying with his friends. Unable to forget her, he returns to her apartment the next morning to say that he’s forgiven her—but it’s not forgiveness that the girl seeks, and their incompatibility as a couple is ultimately revealed.
A relatively simple narrative told in an endlessly complex fashion, WHO’S THAT KNOCKING AT MY DOOR shares its provocative insights into the double standards that men impose on women. It has lost none of its relevancy considering today’s problems with rape culture and attitudes of entitlement that perpetuate the objectification of women.
WHO’S THAT KNOCKING AT MY DOOR was cobbled together over the course of several years and different shoots, so the cinematography varies throughout its brisk running time. Michael Wadleigh and Richard Coll are credited as the directors of photography, shooting on a mix of 35mm and 16mm black and white film.
At first glance, Scorsese’s stylistic approach here reads like a grab bag of French New Wave tricks: handheld camerawork, jump cuts, fast-pacing, cross-cutting, non-chronological ordering, and impressionistic flourishes (like a party sequence rendered in slow motion).
Independent filmmaker and actor John Cassavetes was a big influence on Scorsese, and the mark of Cassavetes’ 1959 film SHADOWS can be felt in every frame of Scorsese’s debut. Thelma Schoonmaker had the unenviable job of piecing together no less than three separate stories and shoots into one coherent whole in the editing room.
For her efforts, she would be rewarded with a long, fruitful working relationship with Scorsese as his regular editor—a relationship that continues to this day. Scorsese is credited with helping to popularize the use of contemporary rock music in modern American cinema, and WHO’S THAT KNOCKING AT MY DOOR gives us our first glimpse at the young director’s musical affectations.
Scorsese populates the soundtrack with several jukebox and doo-wop hits. They may sound antiquated to us today, but back in the 1960’s, these songs had the establishment clutching their proverbial pearls. The standout is the use of The Doors’ “This Is The End” during JR’s sex fantasy in the middle of the film, predating Francis Ford Coppola’s use of the song in APOCALYPSE NOW by nearly twelve years.
The sound of Scorsese’s music may have changed over the course of his career, but the character remains the same— full of vitality, energy, and rebellious spirit.
Scorsese’s early work deals heavily with Catholic concepts of redemption and guilt, as well as how it relates to the Italian American experience in New York. In this regard, WHO’S THAT KNOCKING AT MY DOOR is perhaps the bluntest instrument of the bunch, hammering its themes home with extended montages of old world Catholic iconography—cathedrals, statues of Mary, Christ on the cross, prayer candles, etc.
The love plot serves as a prototypical form of the classic Scorsese romance archetype—a man comes to love a woman who appears like a vision out of a crowd (usually a blonde wearing white), promising to be his salvation from a brutal world— but when she fails to live up to his exacting, ultimately unrealistic standards of purity and innocence, discord most surely ensues.
This Madonna/Whore complex runs through Scorsese’s work—it even pops up in his most recent narrative feature, THE WOLF OF WALL STREET (2013). It’s a conceit deeply rooted in the social and religious structures of Scorsese’s Italian heritage. Other hallmarks of Scorsese’s work—depictions of violence as messy and chaotic and cameos by his mother Catherine Scorsese—make their first appearance in the young director’s scrappy debut.
WHO’S THAT KNOCKING AT MY DOOR was a strong, albeit technically flawed debut that heralded the arrival of a major new voice in American cinema. It brought Scorsese to the attention of commercial production companies as well as the studios, and it saw the beginning of a long series of fruitful collaborations with Thelma Schoonmaker and Harvey Keitel.
It may have been overshadowed by the visceral power of his better-known masterpieces, but it holds it own as a daring entry in the annals of independent film. After an adolescence spent idolizing the cinema as a spectator, Scorsese was now officially a participant—and the art form would never be the same.
EARLY PROFESSIONAL WORK (1967-1970)
After the release of director Martin Scorsese’s debut feature, WHO’S THAT KNOCKING AT MY DOOR (1967), he found himself the recipient of attention from advertising agencies, who wanted him to bring his fresh, bold style to the world of commercials.
The relative infancy of educational filmmaking institutions at the time meant that there was a relatively small pool of directing graduates, thus it was relatively easy to gain attention after making a film and parlay that into a full-time career. That’s not to belittle Scorsese’s achievement, it’s simply a statement of fact— the odds of something like that happening in today’s media-saturated world are slim to none.
As the 1960’s drew to a close, the young Scorsese’s world was opening up. He made his first trip to Europe, immersing himself in its culture and applying his expanded worldview to his art while he made a living directing commercials.
THE BIG SHAVE (1967)
During this busy, exciting time, Scorsese was able to fit in another short called THE BIG SHAVE—his first work in color. The film takes place entirely in a colorless bathroom as a man undergoes his morning shaving ritual—only this particular morning he shaves until his face bleeds profusely, finishing it off by slitting his throat and letting the blood pour into the sink.
Shot by cinematographer Ares Demertzis mostly in punchy closeups, THE BIG SHAVE acts as something of a color study, studying the contrast of dark red blood against the pristine ivory sink with an almost fetishistic curiosity.
While the short definitely stays consistent with Scorsese’s career-long fascination with visceral violence and bloodshed, it also plays to the iconography of his Roman Catholic heritage—specifically the Old World notion of self-flagellation and punishment as a way to redeem one’s sins. It’s a pretty morbid piece of work, especially because of the playful big-band jazz song that Scorsese uses to counterbalance the macabre action.
ARMANI COMMERCIAL (1968)
As I previously mentioned above, Scorsese’s first commissioned gigs saw him traveling abroad for the first time. I was only able to find out about three commercials he made during this period, and only one of them is actually available online.
Scorsese’s spot for ICELANDIC AIRLINES is generally credited as his first commercial, and whatever information is available for his REVLON spot doesn’t leave a lot to go of off. The commercial that is publicly available—done for ARMANI—is interesting in how it is at once both anonymous in authorship (as most commercials are) and indicative of Scorsese’s hand.
Presented in artful black and white, the spot features a young woman teaching a young man Italian—so right off the bat there’s the nod towards Scorsese’s Italian heritage. Furthermore, the spot takes place in a baroque space that suggests something not unlike a Catholic cathedral.
STREET SCENES (1970)
Perhaps Scorsese’s most significant work from this period remains publicly unavailable—the 1970 feature documentary STREET SCENES. The first of many documentaries that Scorsese would make throughout his career, STREET SCENEScovers two historical rallies held to protest the war in Vietnam: New York City’s Hard Hat Riots and the Kent State protests in Washington DC.
The New York protest turns violent, which no doubt resulted in visceral footage. The film also features interviews with his WHO’S THAT KNOCKING AT MY DOOR star, Harvey Keitel, as well as feature collaborators Jay Cocks and Verna Bloom. Coincidentally, one of Scorsese’s camera operators on the film was a young Oliver Stone.
Unfortunately, STREET SCENES was never released on home video, which seems like a huge oversight given the historical importance of its subject matter. The creation of STREET SCENES illustrates Scorsese’s desire to explore social issues not just in a narrative context, but also in a real-world one.
Indeed, Scorsese is one of the very few filmmakers who can regularly alternate between fiction and documentary and provide consistently brilliant quality. This busy time saw the young Scorsese developing and experimenting with his aesthetic while mingling with an older generation of artists who recognized his considerable talent.
After WHO’S THAT KNOCKING ON MY DOOR, Scorsese cultivated a friendship and mentorship with independent film icon John Cassavetes, but his next feature project would come as a result of his association with an independent filmmaker of a very different kind—exploitation king Roger Coran.
BOXCAR BERTHA (1972)
In the late 60’s and early 70’s, the first crop of film school graduates began entering the work force. Many were lured into the lucrative world of commercials, while others struggled to get their own films off the ground. Music videos hadn’t been invented yet, so that was not yet an option.
One of the biggest employers of filmmakers during this period was B-movie kingpin Roger Corman, who built an empire off of cheaply made exploitation schlock pictures. He’s still doing it, aided and abetted by an even cheaper production pipeline thanks to the digital revolution, and he’s still pulling promising young film school graduates to work for him (a good college buddy of mine recently starred in one of Corman’s producing efforts, 2010’s SHARKTOPUS).
It was through the Corman production pipeline that generation-defining filmmakers like Francis Ford Coppola and Brian DePalma first came up, and in the late 1970’s, Corman roped yet another promising filmmaker into his fold: director Martin Scorsese.
Fresh off the release of his 1967 debut feature, WHO’S THAT KNOCKING AT MY DOOR, Scorsese was hired to direct Corman and co-producer Samuel Z. Arkoff’s production of BOXCAR BERTHA, based on the novel “Sisters Of The Road” by Ben L. Reitman.
For Scorsese, it was his first color feature, and it was strictly a for-hire project—Corman cast lead actors Barbara Hershey and David Carradine himself and oversaw the creative direction of the project. To his credit though, he recognized Scorsese’s immense talent and handed him a significant amount of artistic freedom.
The result is an artfully realized film that transcends its exploitation flick roots and joined an emergent wave of lovers-on-the-run films from the era like Arthur Penn’s BONNIE AND CLYDE (1967) and, later, Terrence Malick’s BADLANDS (1973).
Shot over the course of twenty-four days in Arkansas, BOXCAR BERTHA takes place in the deep South during the rail-riding heyday of the Great Depression. Bertha (Hershey) is a young girl in mid-blossom, on her way to becoming a beautiful young woman.
When her pilot father is killed in a plane crash, the newly orphaned Bertha falls in with a charismatic union organizer named Big Bill Shelly (Carradine). Big Bill is an outspoken critic of capitalism, and he’s followed wherever he goes by authorities suspicious of his Communist sympathies.
After Bertha shoots a wealthy gambler following a heated argument at a card game, she ropes Big Bill into going on the lam with her, along with their friends Rake Brown (Barry Primus) and Von Morton (Bernie Casey). The foursome embarks on a life of crime, riding the boxcars from town to town and stealing from the rich to give to…well, themselves.
As their notoriety grows throughout the land, they become aware that this won’t end well for them, so they might as well enjoy it for as long as it lasts. Their devil may care attitude turns them into folk heroes, admired for their open defiance of the authorities—right down to the bitter end.
Though he may not have had a say in the casting, Scorsese gets great work out of his performers, particularly Barbara Hershey as the titular Bertha. Hershey projects a virginal innocence to the undereducated and impressionable girl who grows into her own as she quickly adjusts to a criminal life on the road.
The late Carradine, who enjoyed a brief career resurgence as a very different Bill in Quentin Tarantino’s KILL BILL VOLUME 2 (2004), plays the rakish folk hero Big Bill Shelly with a calm, inviting demeanor. Rounding out the band of crooks are Barry Primus and Bernie Casey as the foppish Yankee Rake Brown and the strong, quiet Von Morton, respectively.
The inclusion of Casey’s character is especially effective, as it gives off a real sense of period authenticity to the film and gives the film a racial tension that helps us sympathize with the criminal antics of our protagonists as they fight against authorities painted as reprehensible racists and sexual sadists.
Director of photography John M. Stephens helps Scorsese craft a naturalistic look for BOXCAR BERTHA, punctuated with a heavy dose of techniques popularized by the French New Wave—handheld, documentary-style camerawork, realism and immediacy, impressionistic compositions and edits, rack zooms, etc.
Scorsese applies these touches particularly well during the artfully rendered lovemaking scene, which plays out in fleeting closeups and echoes Scorsese’s prior use of the style during the love scenes in WHO’S THAT KNOCKING AT MY DOOR.
Scorsese has built his career off of dynamic camera movements that bring an unparalleled sense of life and energy to his work, and BOXCAR BERTHA is certainly no slouch in that department. The climax in particular sees Scorsese bravely experiment with new visual techniques, such as assuming the POV of someone getting blown back by a shotgun blast.
While the technique itself is a little crude thanks to what little resources he had on set, Scorsese succeeds in injecting the scene with an exhilarating sense of impact and carnage. All in all, BOXCAR BERTHA’s low budget results in a lo-fi feel, an aesthetic that both works for and against Scorsese’s vision.
Given what we know about Scorsese’s immense interest in blues music and culture, BOXCAR BERTHA becomes very relevant indeed when it comes to talking about its music. Gib Guilbreau and Thad Maxwell provide a folksy score heavy on the harmonica and violin, resulting in a sound that’s very much country-bumpkin.
Outside of the score, Scorsese uses a plethora of blues songs—specifically of the Mississippi Delta variety—, each selection curated and informed by his lifelong love for the genre and an intimate knowledge of its culture and history that he showed off in his 2003 documentary THE BLUES: A MUSICAL JOURNEY.
This same knowledge and passion soaks through in every frame of BOXCAR BERTHA, making for a much richer experience than its makers probably aspired to initially. Scorsese had little to do with the film besides on-set directing and editing, but BOXCAR BERTHA still manages to bear the mark of his participation (outside of his brief cameo as a brothel customer).
For instance, he depicts the film’s violence as rowdy, chaotic, and messy. Like many of the protagonists that populate Scorsese’s work, the heroes of BOXCAR BERTHAaren’t actually heroes at all—they’re likable criminals, or antiheroes whose misdeeds eventually catch up to them and result in their downfall.
It’s in Big Bill Shelly’s downfall that the film most overtly shows the authorship of its director. Bill Bill is nailed to the side of a train—essentially crucified. It’s a very potent image that brings to mind Scorsese’s Catholic heritage and the iconography of his religious upbringing, and it wouldn’t be the last time Scorsese crucified someone onscreen during his career.
BOXCAR BERTHA didn’t make much of a wave when it was released—Corman’s business model was to cheaply make films, quickly release them and reap as much profit as possible before moving on to the next one. Corman specialized in disposable entertainment, but Scorsese made a film that has somehow endured through the ages as a film that can’t be disposed of.
While it lacks the authenticity of his NYC-based work, Scorsese’s vision manages to elevate the mediocre material to the level of historical curiosity.
Despite its status as one of Scorsese’s lesser films, BOXCAR BERTHA acts as unexpected turning point in the young director’s career. He could have very easily gone on to work with Corman again and become an especially good exploitation filmmaker.
Thankfully for us, Scorsese’s friend and mentor, indie icon John Cassavetes, had the courage to tell him that “he had just spent the past year making a piece of shit”—his next work needed to be more personal, or else he ran the risk of struggling in B-movie obscurity.
It was a very fruitful piece of constructive criticism for the young Scorsese to receive—and perhaps the most impactful—as his next project would take that advice to heart and subsequently launch his career in earnest.
MEAN STREETS (1973)
Director Martin Scorsese may have made his first feature in 1967, but it wasn’t really until six years later that his filmmaking career kicked off in earnest with the release of his third feature, MEAN STREETS. Fresh of the whirlwind shoot of 1972’s BOXCAR BERTHA for producer Roger Corman,
Scorsese was sat down by his friend and mentor, John Cassavetes (a fellow independent filmmaker who resided on the opposite side of the artistic spectrum from Corman) and told that while BOXCAR BERTHA was good, he had “wasted a year of his life making shit”.
Cassavetes feared that Scorsese might end up boxed in as an exploitation director, so he challenged Scorsese to tackle something intensely personal as his next project. Scorsese took Cassavetes’ advice to heart, and immediately began writing a feature film inspired by the culture he experienced in his youth in Manhattan’s Little Italy neighborhood.
Scorsese called this script SEASON OF THE WITCH, and it was a story about a young hood rising up the ranks of the Mafia while dealing with his religious beliefs and guilt. Corman offered Scorsese money to make the picture, but true to the producer’s exploitation form, his funding was contingent upon Scorsese assembling a cast comprised entirely of African Americans actors.
While this would be great from a diversity standpoint, Corman’s insistence was most likely rooted in making a proft from the “urban”/”blacksploitation” market, and it was ultimately a tone deaf demand that missed the point of Scorsese’s story entirely.
Thankfully, Verna Bloom (who Scorsese had worked with previously in his 1970 documentary STREET SCENES) was able to set Scorsese up with Jonathan Taplin, who was the road manager for The Band and was looking to get into producing.
This relationship would prove mutually beneficial in that Scorsese would later direct a documentary on The Band called THE LAST WALTZ (1978), but in 1973 this association was already proving quite fruitful in getting Scorsese’s vision off the ground.
The film was released as MEAN STREETS, named after a passage in Raymond Chandler’s essay “The Simple Art of Murder”, and it would become instrumental in launching not only Scorsese’s career, but those of his collaborators as well.
MEAN STREETS takes place entirely within the Little Italy neighborhood of New York City (although ironically a great deal of the film was actually shot in Los Angeles). Charlie (WHO’S THAT KNOCKING AT MY DOOR’s Harvey Keitel) is a small time hood, quickly rising up through the ranks of the Mafia.
Far from the elegant, old-world, and moneyed mafia depicted in Francis Ford Coppola’s THE GODFATHER only a year prior, these “made men” are living in slummy, crumbling tenements and are barely eking out the money with which to buy their fine Italian suits.
Charlie is still somewhat on the outskirts, not yet a made man himself. He’s held at arms length by his higher-ups, mostly because of his lack of seniority but also because of his jerkoff friends, whose wild ways constantly get him into trouble by virtue of association.
His good friend Johnny Boy (Robert DeNiro) is the worst of the bunch—an unpredictable loose cannon who owes money to just about everybody in the neighborhood and can’t ever seem to pay anything back. Johnny Boy’s in hot water with Michael (Richard Romanus), a local loan shark whose patience is growing quite thin.
Charlie feels responsible for Johnny Boy, partly because of the fact that their circle of friends looks to him as their unofficial leader, but also because he’s romantically involved with Johnny Boy’s cousin, Teresa (Amy Robinson).
As he schmoozes with the sharks in a bid to solve Johnny Boy’s debt problems before they get out of hand, Charlie finds himself dragged into Johnny Boy’s downward spiral, and realizes he has to cut his ties from everything he’s ever known if he’s to make it out of this alive.
Take away all of its technical and aesthetic brilliance or its groundbreaking approach to music, and MEAN STREETS would still be one of the most important films of Scorsese’s career, because Robert De Niro. Scorsese and De Niro are practically joined at the hip as far as cinematic history is concerned, and through the decades both men have continued to collaborate together to make truly incredible, unimpeachable masterworks of cinema.
MEAN STREETS was their first time ever working together, and their volatile chemistry literally explodes off the screen from De Niro’s first appearance. De Niro had acted in movies prior to MEAN STREETS, but the role of Johnny Boy—a wild anarchist and financial delinquent—would become his breakout.
Keitel’s brilliance remains consistent in his second starring role for Scorsese as a Roman Catholic man who questions his faith and tests himself by seeing how long he can hold his finger to flame, which points to a very Old World, self-flagellating view on religion.
As the chief antagonist—the loan shark Michael—Richard Romanus projects an icy, restrained demeanor that’s quite effective. As the sole female presence amidst all this unchecked machismo, Amy Robinson holds her own as a force to be reckoned with as well as Charlie’s refuge from a brutal, cold world.
Scorsese also peppers in a few cameos from his BOXCAR BERTHA cast (David Carradine as a drunk and Victor Argo and Harry Northrup as a Mafia underling and returning Vietnam vet, respectively), in addition to making one himself as a gunman for Michael that plays a crucial role in the film’s climax.
Stylistically, MEAN STREETS marks a return to the aesthetic that Scorsese cultivated in WHO’S THAT KNOCKING AT MY DOOR, shooting this time on color 35mm film instead of the mix of 16mm and 35mm black and white film that he shot his debut with.
Lensed by cinematographer Kent Wakeford, MEAN STREETS incorporates Scorsese’s affection for the techniques of the French New Wave as well the aesthetic of John Cassavetes’ work, which– combined with the physical limitations of his budget—results in the predominant use of handheld camerawork.
The naturalistic immediacy of the handheld camera gives MEAN STREETS a very gritty and tough feel that lends well to fast cuts and bold compositions—the boldest of which is undoubtedly the strapping of a camera onto Keitel’s body and pointed to his face for a woozy, drunken feel that Darren Aronofsky would use even more effectively a generation later in his 1999 film REQUIEM FOR A DREAM.
The overall effect is a realistic, yet expressionistic aesthetic that would become a flashpoint in the development of the modern crime film. The experimentation that gives MEAN STREETS its vibrant originality extends to the editing, which was performed by Scorsese himself under the consultation of Sidney Levin (who ended up receiving the onscreen credit because of his membership in the editing guild).
Throughout his career, Scorsese would go on to shoot his projects in a variety of different formats, often even mixing them together and embracing the technical incongruities. MEAN STREETS sees the beginning of this aspect of Scorsese’s work in his use of 8mm footage during the opening credits, which results in a “home movie” feel.
There’s also Scorsese’s interesting use of voiceover in the film, which he recorded with his own voice—despite it belonging to Charlie’s inner monologue. Apparently, this was done as a way to separate Charlie’s thoughts and his actions, almost like two separate people were living inside his head.
A very interesting technique, no doubt—one that Scorsese pulled from a similar conceit of Federico Fellini’s in his 1953 film I VITELLONI. One of MEAN STREETS’ most enduring legacies can also be ascribed to Scorsese’s work as a whole, which is the popularization of the “jukebox” soundtrack, or the wall-to-wall incorporation of prerecorded needledrops—a boon to record labels and a curse to score composers everywhere.
MEAN STREETS in particular uses a lot of music from popular acts of the era like The Rolling Stones and The Ronettes, combining it with Italian folk music and opera to give us a sense of history and cultural heritage existing in concert with a fast-paced modern world.
MEAN STREETS marks the first time that Scorsese’s key aesthetic fascinations really come emerge. It’s a New York City-set story about the experience of Italian American immigrants chasing their own version of the American Dream—but as a put-upon, disenfranchised minority, they must cheat if they hope to even play the game.
They accumulate money and power through illegitimate means, and hold on to it through the use of violence and intimidation, which Scorsese depicts as messy, chaotic, and unorganized as it is in real life. The Feast of San Gennaro, the world famous festival that unfolds annually in the streets of Little Italy, factors heavily into MEAN STREETS’ plot, a further illustration of Scorsese’s fascination with his Italian heritage as well as a device in which to introduce religious imagery and dogma into a film about amoral, murderous mobsters and imbue his scrappy, low-level protagonists with a great deal of likeability.
The burden of religion hangs heavily over the film, looming large in the consciousness of Keitel’s character especially. He’s always testing how long he can hold his finger to an open flame, which calls to mind the fire and brimstone imagery of Roman Catholicism at the time as well as their self-flagellating approach to atoning for one’s sins.
Keitel’s character’s motivations are driven out of a fundamental Catholic guilt—from his association with his friends to his courtship with his girlfriend— but his constant doubt about his worthiness in Jesus’ eyes gives MEAN STREETS a rich ideological complexity that feels just as relevant today as it did then.
MEAN STREETS debuted to near-unanimous critical applause, hailed for its boldness in storytelling and technical mastery of craft despite its low budget. And rightly so—MEAN STREETS is essentially a cinematic declaration by Scorsese, announcing his presence to the world and just what he thought of it.
It was a career breakout for both the young director and his two leads, and with De Niro in particular it was the blossoming of a long, fruitful working relationship that would last decades. MEAN STREETS plays like Scorsese’s true first feature, wherein his aesthetic was solidified and the potent cocktail of elements that constituted a “Scorsese film” first gained traction as a tangible idea.
In the years since its release, Scorsese has gone on to fulfill the initial promise of MEAN STREETS with a string of inarguably classic works, becoming one of America’s most treasured auteurs in the process. It may not have won a great deal of awards in its day, but MEAN STREETShas proved its staying power with its inclusion into the National Film Registry in 1997, ensuring that Scorsese’s groundbreaking breakout will be accessible to film lovers for generations to come.
ITALIANAMERICAN (1974)
Director Martin Scorsese has built a decades-long career off of his explorations of his Italian American heritage, mostly through the more lurid aspects of his culture like the Mafia and criminals which, while they certainly gets butts into the seats, only represents a small slice of his people’s immigrant experience in America.
After his directorial breakout MEAN STREETS brought the young director to mainstream Hollywood attention in 1973, Scorsese wanted to shed some light on an underserved aspect of Italian American culture—the humble, everyday working family. In 1974, he created the documentary ITALIANAMERICAN, turning the camera on his own parents in a bid to chronicle the simpler pleasures of his heritage, like the communal experience of dinner.
ITALIANAMERICAN takes place entirely within Scorsese’s parents’ apartment in Little Italy, with the director himself appearing onscreen as he casually interviews his father Charles and mother Catherine. They talk about their forty years of marriage to each other, as well as their early lives as first generation Americans and children of Sicilian immigrants.
Catherine and Charles’ chemistry still sparks, even after four decades of marriage, and we can see how they informed and shaped key aspects of Martin’s own personality. Catherine in particular is quite the firecracker, joking to Martin and his friends and lovingly busting Charles’ balls at every opportunity.
ITALIANAMERICAN resembles documentaries of the era, with Scorsese and his cinematographer, Alec Hirschfeld, using natural light to capture the (what appears to be) 16mm film image. The handheld camerawork feels very improvisational, lending a cinema-verite feel to the proceedings.
Scorsese accentuates the natural banter and atmosphere by splicing in family photographs, stock footage of Little Italy at the turn of the century, and Italian folk music in a bid to weave his parents’ story into the larger tapestry of the Italian-American experience.
The documentary finds Scorsese intimately engaging with his roots, both in the superficial aspects like when he asks his mother how she makes her spaghetti sauce (the recipe for which is actually included in the end credits), as well as the deeper aspects about the immigrant experience.
One compelling part of the film concerns the idea of 1st generation Americans, born from immigrant parents, who as a result of their assimilation into American culture at birth gives them a worldview directly at odds with their parents—they see their cultural homeland, indeed their own flesh and blood, as exotic.
They have a distant concept of a place they may never get to visit. They experience their heritage in black and white still frame, while their parents remember it in glorious Technicolor. For instance, Scorsese’s parents recount how they didn’t visit Italy themselves until their honeymoon—forty years after their wedding.
That alone is a baffling concept to most second, third, fourth, etc- generation Americans, who have enjoyed the benefits of an upward mobility built on the foundation of their ancestors’ pursuit of the American dream. In exploring his heritage in this way, Scorsese is able to connect with a larger audience that may not share his Italian ancestry but shares a common human experience within their own family history.
While it’s a relatively minor work within Scorsese’s canon, even within his body of documentary work, ITALIANAMERICANis still an important one. It’s an unfiltered view into the young director at his most intimate and private—sharing a meal with the people who shaped him into the man he is today.
ALICE DOESN’T LIVE HERE ANYMORE (1974)
In 1974, director William Friedkin released THE EXORCIST and created a genuine phenomenon. His lead actress, Ellyn Burstyn, was vaulted into a position of creative power off the strength of her performance in the film, bestowed with the enviable privilege to choose whatever role she wanted next.
A brilliantly gifted performer, Burstyn was dissatisfied with the limited number of options available to actresses—she didn’t want to play another supportive housewife or put-upon mother, but ironically her next role would be just that, albeit with a twist that would allow her to own the role completely— all the way to a Best Actress win at the Academy Awards.
She chose a script by Robert Getchell called ALICE DOESN’T LIVE HERE ANYMORE, and acting as the de facto executive producer, she went about searching for a young, up-and-coming director to helm the film.
Burstyn started by soliciting suggestions from director Brian DePalma, who would serve as her conduit into the larger pool of young directors. Interestingly enough, they all knew each other from film school—they were an entire generation linked together as a social community, something that young filmmakers take for granted now.
DePalma led Burstyn to Francis Ford Coppola, who in turn recommended a young hotshot named Martin Scorsese, fresh of his breakout third feature MEAN STREETS (1973). Burstyn liked the gritty immediacy of Scorsese’s film, but was unsure his sensibilities would translate to a feminine perspective.
During their meeting, Burstyn reportedly asked Scorsese what he “knew about women”, to which Scorsese replied, “nothing, but I’d like to learn”. Burstyn hired him on the spot, and before he knew it, Scorsese was on the set of his first true studio feature film.
ALICE DOESN’T LIVE HERE ANYMORE takes place in the arid deserts and crumbling dwellings of the American Southwest. Alice (Burstyn) is a humble housewife living in New Mexico with her rowdy, rebellious son Tommy (Alfred Lutter), and a husband who only pays attention to her when he’s angry with her.
Alice is fundamentally unhappy with her situation—not that she’d ever admit it to anyone. One day, her husband is killed in a trucking accident, leaving Alice and Tommy’s future very uncertain. With little money to go off of, they decide to pack their things in search of a better life in Monterey, California—the idyllic town where Alice spent her childhood.
They hit the road, stopping along the way so Alice can find work as a singer. While this provides some cash flow, it also attracts bad characters, like a philandering, abusive young buck named Ben (Harvey Keitel) who is no better than the dead husband she left behind. Alice gets another job as a waitress in an Arizona diner so that she can more reliably provide for her young son.
It’s here that she meets David (Kris Kristofferson), a quiet rancher with kind eyes. Alice and David eventually fall in love, but like any relationship, it’s not without its share of turbulence. Ultimately, ALICE DOESN’T LIVE HERE ANYMORE is a character test—Alice has to go through a crucible of her very own in order to prove her mettle as a modern woman and take charge of her own destiny.
As I wrote above, Burstyn won the Best Actress Oscar for her portrayal of Alice, a modern woman with old-fashioned sensibilities. She’s put through the veritable wringer and somehow comes out the other end not just intact, but better than before.
The same year that ALICE DOESN’T LIVE HERE ANYMORE was released, Scorsese’s friend and mentor John Cassavetes released his acclaimed A WOMAN UNDER THE INFLUENCE, and Burstyn’s performance in the former film sharing some character traits with Gena Rowlands’ performance in the latter leads me to wonder if Scorsese’s direction wasn’t informed by Cassavetes’ work somewhat.
The Oscar win was just the icing on the cake of a banner year for Burstyn. Burstyn is surrounded by an ensemble of fine actors, led by Kristofferson’s strong silent-type rancher, David. Harvey Keitel, in his third collaboration with Scorsese, bring his signature New York-style machismo to the role of Ben, a foppish, philandering cowboy with a serious anger problem.
Alfred Lutter makes his film debut as the nerdy smartass Tommy, and while he makes quite a splash here, he couldn’t quite generate the momentum he would need to sustain a serious acting character as he grew up. A young Jodie Foster also appears as Audrey, a tomboyish delinquent and latchkey child.
Scorsese was pleased enough by Foster’s performance to bring her back for his next feature, 1976’s TAXI DRIVER and set her on her way to becoming the world-famous actress she is today. The film also contains a few cameos by early Scorsese regular Harry Northrup as a bartender and the director himself as a barely-visible patron in Alice’s diner.
Scorsese reteams with his MEAN STREETS cinematographer Kent Wakeford for ALICE DOESN’T LIVE HERE ANYMORE, giving the film a brighter color palette and overall feminine touch to distinguish it from their previous effort.
Scorsese and Wakeford use a variety of handheld, dolly, and crane movements to inject an immediate sense of reality and grit to the 35mm film image, which contrasts quite starkly with the opening sequence set in idyllic Monterey, which—with its nakedly theatrical soundstage look—serves as an homage to THE WIZARD OF OZ and conjures up the idea of Monterey itself as this mythical place full of happiness and innocence that may have never actually existed to begin with.
Scorsese also incorporates touches of French New Wave technique, like rack zooms and jump cuts as a way to add some edge to an otherwise conventional “flyover-country melodrama”. His inspired approach to the execution of the film extends to the selection of his key collaborators behind the scenes.
As a young man, Scorsese wisely assumed he had no proper frame of reference to authentically portray a female point of view, and as such he turned to strong, talented women for help at every opportunity. For instance, Toby Carr Rafelson (wife to Bob Rafelson of FIVE EASY PIECES (1970) fame) served as the production designer, while George Lucas’ then-wife Marcia performed editing duties.
Finally, Richard LaSalle is credited for the film’s music, but ALICE DOESN’T LIVE HERE ANYMORE is another instance of Scorsese’ affection for rock music bleeding into his art, incorporating contemporary tracks from artists like Mott the Hoople and Elton John in a bid to flesh out Alice’s particular world.
While Scorsese may be way out of his comfort zone in terms of locale and subject matter, ALICE DOESN’T LIVE HERE ANYMORE still bears his undeniable stamp. The men in Alice’s life are impulsively violent and quick-tempered, and when they indulge in their impulses, the results are messy, chaotic and unpredictable.
Indeed, even out in the vast expanse of Southwestern desert, Scorsese still can’t escape the random violence of urban life, such as the scene where Alice and Tommy lay in bed listening to a couple loudly fighting in the next hotel room over. Like their east coast counterparts, the characters that populate Scorsese’s Southwest don’t put on any airs, unafraid to utter casual profanities or rough up their spouses in the presence of others.
ALICE DOESN’T LIVE HERE ANYMORE was released to near unanimous praise from critics, leading all the way to the aforementioned (and well-deserved) Best Actress Oscar win for Burstyn. The film was so well received that it even went on to inspire a sitcom called ALICE, set in the same diner as the film and featuring some of the original cast members in regular roles (Burstyn herself would not reprise her role).
For Scorsese, his great work here would eventually be overshadowed by the outstanding legacy of his later works, and thus remains a minor entry in his canon—a curious departure from the east coast world he knew so well and the hard-edged mentalities of the people who inhabited it.
Nevertheless, the production ofALICE DOESN’T LIVE HERE ANYMORE broadened Scorsese’s worldview and bestowed him with the necessary creative momentum to get his next feature off the ground—a feature that would undoubtedly become his first true masterpiece.
TAXI DRIVER (1976)
I’ve always believed that great art is born from a place of deprivation. The state of needing something—love, companionship, comfort, etc.—can result in greater urgency and intensity on behalf of the person expressing an idea. Conversely, some of the most banal, meaningless art comes from a place of complacency—simply collecting a paycheck.
One of the most influential films of the 1970’s, director Martin Scorsese’s TAXI DRIVER (1976), was born of deep, existential deprivation. Writer Paul Schrader wrote the screenplay during a very turbulent time in his life that saw a series of escalating mishaps turn him into something of a recluse.
Inspired by his interior monologue and self-perceived outsider status, Schrader fashioned a story about an everyday taxi driver as a study of pathological loneliness. The script was picked up by producers Julie and Michael Phillips, and was separately brought to the attention of Scorsese by his filmmaking contemporary Brian DePalma.
By this point, Scorsese had a handful of successful features under his belt and was teaching film at his alma mater, New York University. He strongly responded to the script, and actively campaigned for the job. It was only after his MEAN STREETS (1973) star, Robert De Niro, won the Best Supporting Actor Oscar for his role as the young Viteo Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola’s THE GODFATHER PART II (1974) that Scorsese was able to leverage his collaboration with the actor into landing the job.
TAXI DRIVER would become a transformative project for both men, propelling them to the forefront of the contemporary cinema scene with a bold piece of work that would define not only its decade, but an entire generation.
TAXI DRIVER is striking to watch today because it depicts a New York City that simply does not exist anymore—a time before Giuliani, when crime and decay spread through the crumbling streets like a cancer. Travis Bickle (De Niro) is an insomniac Vietnam vet without much of a social life.
He takes on a job as a cab driver working the night shift, where he can connect with the beating pulse of the city and its eclectic mix of inhabitants. He drifts aimlessly through his days, eating junk food and going to porn theatres. The fog lifts when he encounters a beautiful young woman named Betsy (Cybill Shepherd).
She’s put-together, elegant, and motivated—everything he’s not. He obsesses over her, lurking outside the Presidential campaign office she works for a few days before working up the nerve to ask her out. He bungles their first date by taking her to a porn theatre, and while he tries to regain her trust, he becomes simultaneously fixated on a child prostitute named Iris (Jodie Foster).
At first he attempts to talk her out of leaving the profession, but a growing obsession with guns, knives, and Old Testament/fire & brimstone righteousness alters the plan to include forcefully liberating her from her sexual oppressors. Through it all, Travis Bickle is reborn as something of a vigilante—a man who will take the salvation of his beloved city into his own hands. A man who will cleanse it with fire and blood.
Scorsese’s second collaboration with De Niro proves so sharp that it draws blood. As the lonely sociopath at the center of the story, De Niro channels a quiet, intense sense of judgment and superiority, giving him a buzzing latent racism while abstaining from indulgences that would make the character unlikable.
The horror of the character comes in our recognition of ourselves in Travis Bickle, and De Niro is able to strike right to the heart of our deepest fears. Fresh off his Academy Award win, De Niro showed no signs of complacency and dove headlong into the preparation of his role, to the extent that he actually drove a cab around New York City for twelve hour stretches at a time.
Foster, who was only twelve years old during filming and had previously appeared in Scorsese’s ALICE DOESN’T LIVE HERE ANYMORE (1974) plays the extremely risky and controversial role of Iris, a child prostitute who may be disillusioned and cynical through her decidedly adult activities, but still has the naiveté and innocence of a young girl.
Also returning from the pool of previous Scorsese performers is Harvey Keitel, who plays Iris’ pimp, Sport, in a long black wig that makes him look like Tommy Wiseau. Scorsese rounds out this trio of antisocial weirdos with otherwise normal people who seem to be visiting from another world completely.
There’s Cybill Shepherd as Betsy, the first true Scorsese blonde and an intelligent, sophisticated, and ultimately unattainable beauty. She’s introduced wearing all white in a slow motion shot, which would become a recurring trope in Scorsese’s later work, and she also embodies the Madonna/whore complex that the director likes to give his protagonists. There’s also comedian Al Brooks in his younger days as the ineffectual, bookish Tom—Betsy’s co-worker and a fellow Presidential candidate canvasser at the office.
Scorsese populates his day players with cameos from past collaborators both present in the flesh and absent yet alluded to. Among the familiar faces we see are Harry Northup as a fellow taxi driver, Steven Prince as a black market arms dealer, Victor Argo as a racist shopkeeper, and Scorsese himself as a murderous, cuckolded husband.
Fleeting references are made to Kris Kristofferson, the star of Scorsese’s previous feature, as well as his parents Charles and Catherine Scorsese in a newspaper photo implying they are Iris’ parents. TAXI DRIVER is an undeniably gritty film, and Scorsese doesn’t shy away from exposing the seediness of Travis’ surroundings in full detail.
Working with cinematographer Michael Chapman for the first time, Scorsese aims to immerse us in Bickle’s consciousness while reinforcing the character’s internal dialogue with himself that permeates the film. Bickle’s New York is rendered in a sickly, lurid yellow/green patina, echoing his solitude and mental sickness, while the camerawork mixes the documentary immediacy of handheld shooting with virtuoso flourishes like the traveling God’s eye view of Bickle’s carnage after the film’s bloody climax.
The result is a dark, expressionistic aesthetic at odds with the relative realism of Scorsese’s other crime films. TAXI DRIVER is a fever dream of acid rain, sweat-soaked skin and cold metal, complemented perfectly by iconic composer Bernard Herrmann’s dissonant, brassy score that throbs along the long Manhattan avenues while dangling the promise of cosmopolitan happiness in the form of a sultry jazz theme.
Hermann was an Old Hollywood maestro, composer of the scores to classics like Orson Welles’ CITIZEN KANE (1941), and his hiring points to Scorsese’s deep affection for film history. Ironically, TAXI DRIVER would be Hermann’s last work—he died only hours after returning home from the film’s final recording session.
TAXI DRIVER sees tremendous growth in the development of Scorsese’s aesthetic, especially in the evolution of his visual language. The cinematic transgressions of the French New Wave have informed his aesthetic from the start, but TAXI DRIVER marks the point where he’s no longer content to simply steal its stylistic conceits, opting instead to run with the ball and find entirely new visual ideas all his own.
Take for instance the scene where Travis calls up Betsy and begs for a second date in the phone booth of some dingy elevator lobby. As Travis’ pleas become more desperate and pathetic, Scorsese simply dollies the camera away from his original composition to look down the length of an empty hallway instead—as if we are physically looking away from the embarrassment of Travis’ phone call.
There’s also a scene in an all-night diner where Travis zeroes in on the alka-seltzer tablet dissolving in his glass of water. It’s a trivial detail, ultimately unimportant to the scene, but Scorsese slowly zooms in on the violent bubbles until they fill the screen.
Scorsese has said publicly that the shot was inspired by a Jean-Luc Godard film, but here the technique takes on a life of its own, becoming a rich metaphor for the bottled fury bubbling up under Travis’ calm exterior. In retrospect, it’s hard to imagine anyone else but Scorsese directing TAXI DRIVER—its subject matter falls in line so squarely with his aesthetic fascinations that one could be forgiven he wrote the screenplay from his own idea.
There’s the New York setting (Schrader’s original script placed the action in Los Angeles), the unflinching portrayal of seedy urban life and the use of antiheroes and/or criminals as protagonists. TAXI DRIVER takes this latter point to its ironic conclusion, with the media hailing Travis as a hero after a violent rampage that leaves Sport and his colleagues dead, whereas if he’d only been a little more organized in his earlier assassination attempt of Presidential candidate Palantine, he’d be condemned as a villain.
While Travis does not share the Roman Catholic heritage of previous Scorsese protagonists, his inner convictions take on a somewhat religious bent and provide him with an almost biblical desire to purge the city of filth and sin. TAXI DRIVER is easily Scorsese’s most darkly disturbing film when it comes to depictions of violence onscreen.
While the action is staged in the chaotic, unorganized way that Scorsese is known for, it is rendered in exaggerated form. Bullet wounds don’t just cause bleeding—they cause profuse bleeding. Hands don’t just absorb a gunshot– they blow apart into millions of pieces.
It’s not enough to kill somebody with a single shot—it takes several. Indeed, it’s because of TAXI DRIVER’s bloodbath finale that Scorsese found himself having to deal with real censorship for the first time. To avoid an X rating that would doom the film before it was ever released, he had to desaturate the colors during the climax so the blood wouldn’t be so bright and red.
When it was released in 1976, TAXI DRIVER was met with healthy box office numbers, heaps of critical praise, and even some prestigious awards like the Cannes Palme d’Or. It was, without a doubt, Scorsese’s biggest success to that date. When the Academy Awards came around, it was rewarded with nominations for Best Picture, Best Actor (De Niro), Best Supporting Actress (Foster), and Best Original Score.
TAXI DRIVER is something of an apex in terms of the kind of gritty dramas that Hollywood made in the 1970’s, but by 1976, the tide was turning against them—Steven Spielberg released the first modern blockbuster JAWS the year prior, and George Lucas would essentially blows the doors wide open the following year with STAR WARS.
In the decades since its release, TAXI DRIVER’s legacy has continued to grow, positioning itself as a critical film within Scorsese’s filmography. Several of its scenes would become iconic in cinema history, especially the “You Talkin’ To Me?” scene that everybody and their mother has imitated at some point or another.
On a more unfortunate note, the film would go on to inspire vigilante actions in the real world, with the most famous case being John Hinckley’s attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan—all so he could impress Jodie Foster. Nevertheless, TAXI DRIVER’s importance to the film medium cannot be overstated, and in 1994 it was inducted into the National Film Registry for preservation, ensuring the perpetuity of Scorsese’s first true masterpiece.
NEW YORK, NEW YORK (1977)
There seems to be a particular aura about American life in the 1940’s that’s ripe for nostalgia. While we were engaged in the biggest, most devastating war in history, we ascribe a certain romantic, optimistic idealism to the period. We continue to celebrate the decade– especially within Los Angeles in particular, which came of age during the time and was fundamentally shaped by its cultural values and styles.
Even as I write this, I will be going to a 1940’s-themed song and dance show in downtown tonight, where my wife dances for a troupe that specializes in songs and styles from the era. The midcentury design and lifestyle aesthetic is an inescapable part of Los Angeles daily life, even today.
The 1940’s appears to have also had quite the profound effect on members of the Film Brat generation of filmmakers. Steven Spielberg is the most visible example, with a substantial majority of his works either taking place in or directly influenced by the 1940’s.
To a lesser extent, Francis Ford Coppola and George Lucas also took artistic cues from the period, with Coppola making THE COTTON CLUB in 1984 and Lucas drawing inspiration for INDIANA JONES and STAR WARS from the serialized format popular during the era.
In the late 1970’s, rising young director Martin Scorsese was coming off the runaway success of TAXI DRIVER (1976), and found himself in a position of power. For his follow-up, Scorsese desired to make a film that harkened back to the era of 1940’s MGM musicals that he had adored and grown up with.
But as a battle-tested acolyte of the French New Wave, Scorsese could not simply make a straight musical—he saw the idea as an opportunity to experiment with the boundaries of the genre and subvert its lavish production values. Working with screenwriters Earl Mac Rauch and Mardik Martin, Scorsese developed NEW YORK, NEW YORK– an oversized musical about the city he called home and the artists that inhabited it.
It was the biggest film of his career to date, and when it was released in 1977, it would also become his first high profile failure. NEW YORK, NEW YORK begins in, where else, New York City on a momentous day: VJ Day, 1945.
The end of World War II. A young, brash jazz saxophonist named Jimmy Doyle (Robert De Niro) shows up at a big USO celebration gala, where he proceeds to use the same pickup lines on every attractive girl in the room. He eventually winds up at the table of Francine Evans (Liza Minnelli), a pretty young singer sitting alone.
Her witty rejection of his lame lines only emboldens him, and from that point on, he dedicates himself to winning her heart. While he aggressively woos her, Jimmy tries to find a regular performing gig, but his tendency to improvise outside the lines of the sheet music grates on the ears of his potential bookers.
In a twist of fate, Jimmy and Francine are booked on a cross-country tour, boosting each other’s careers significantly. While on the road, they fall in love and are quickly and quietly married. As a gifted singer, it’s only a matter of time until Francine’s star starts to rise faster than Jimmy’s.
Envious of her success, he leaves Francine at a critical juncture—the birth of their son. NEW YORK, NEW YORK may be presented in a happy-go-lucky visual style, but it tells a very modern, complicated story about love’s waxes and wanes over the course of several years, as well as the explosive chemistry that can result from mismatched artistic styles.
Despite the lavish production values and large groups of bodies constantly moving through the frame, NEW YORK, NEW YORK really is an intimate examination of two people. De Niro’s third collaboration with Scorsese results in yet another bold protagonist—a womanizer and self-interested man whose very ambition will doom him to a life of loneliness if he can’t change.
Like just like had driven a taxi cab for twelve hours a day while preparing for TAXI DRIVER, De Niro prepared for his character here by not just learning how to play the saxophone, but mastering it to the point where it feels like he’s played all his life.
Every time I see Liza Minnelli on screen, I only see Lucille 2 from ARRESTED DEVELOPMENT, but her performance here as Francine Evans positioned her as a glamorous starlet following in her mother, Judy Garland’s, footsteps.
She’s a natural fit for the role, bringing a strength and grace that’s slightly off-kilter in her signature Minnelli way. Barry Primus, who previously appeared for Scorsese in BOXCAR BERTHA (1972), shows up in NEW YORK, NEW YORK as Paul Wilson, a pianist in Jimmy Doyle’s band and a wedge that comes between the two lovers.
Scorsese intended for NEW YORK, NEW YORK to be a break from the gritty realism that had made his name, and to that extent, the film is quite successful. In a bid to achieve the old-fashioned grandeur and slickness of MGM musicals, Scorsese turned to venerable cinematographer Laszlo Kovacs to lens his film.
Shooting on the real MGM soundstages in LA, Scorsese used all the studio resources at his disposal to create a sweeping, operatic film quite unlike the gritty immediacy that marked his earlier work. Like the polished Hollywood musicals of old, Scorsese paints in the broad strokes of sweeping dolly and crane movements, framing his subjects in wider compositions while abstaining from close-ups as much as possible in a bid to emulate the stylistic conceits of the genre.
The central relationship between De Niro and Minnelli plays off the dynamic between structure and improvisation—Francine’s composed, controlled singing and Jimmy’s off-the-cuff rebellion against sheet music. Naturally, this dynamic is reflected in the actual look of the film, which juxtaposes realistic, Cassavetes style method improv acting against the palpable artifice of studio sets and theatrical lighting schemes.
Scorsese and his Production Designer Boris Leven never try to hide the fake facades and sets, opting instead to embrace the artifice as a means to evoke our collective romantic memory of old New York. Stanley Kubrick used this same approach, albeit to a more realistic degree, in the New York street sets for 1999’s EYES WIDE SHUT.
Naturally, music is a key focal point in the musical genre, and NEW YORK, NEW YORK is perhaps strongest in this area. Written by John Kander and Fred Ebb, the film’s music perfectly captures the jazzy, big band sound of the era.
Even if you’ve never seen the film, you know its music—the “Theme For New York, New York” came into existence because of this film, and it would go on to become an iconic theme song for the city itself when Frank Sinatra covered it in 1980. The song has gone on to outshine the film from which it sprang, and serves as perhaps NEW YORK, NEW YORK’s biggest contribution to pop culture.
Though NEW YORK, NEW YORK might be a huge stylistic departure for Scorsese, his unique worldview bears an unmistakable imprint on the film itself. The New York City setting falls in line with Scorsese’s career-long examination of the city’s history and people.
The film’s naturalistic approach to drama and conflict also results in outbursts of violence that are rendered in the chaotic, messy way that Scorsese is known for. The subversion of musical genre tropes is also indicative of Scorsese’s habit of filtering classical filmmaking techniques through the lens of postmodernism as a way to comment on the art form itself while finding new forms of visual expression at the same time.
The 1970’s were a triumphant era for personal filmmaking and experimentation. It was a perfect confluence of factors that gave rise to filmmakers with anti-establishment sensibilities like Scorsese and turned them into household names.
NEW YORK, NEW YORK is very much in line with this string of challenging, personal works, but it may have come too late to the party. Only a week prior, Scorsese’s contemporary George Lucas released STAR WARS to unprecedented success. The audience changed nearly overnight, effectively killing the market for smaller, unconventional films like NEW YORK, NEW YORK.
The box office and critical failure of the film reportedly drove Scorsese to depression and drugs, but reports from the set suggested that his downward spiral was already in motion—his insistence that the actors improvise their lines led to a lack of control on his part, and a rapidly worsening cocaine addiction wasn’t doing anything to help matters.
The disappointment over NEW YORK, NEW YORK’s reception would cause Scorsese to embark on something of a hiatus from narrative filmmaking for the rest of the decade. The newly humbled director turned his attention to documentary works while his wounds healed, but the time away would reset his approach while setting the stage for a triumphant return in 1980.
THE LAST WALTZ (1978)
After the disappointing reception of 1977’s improvised musical, NEW YORK, NEW YORK, director Martin Scorsese retreated from the narrative realm for a couple years. It was something of a crucible for his burgeoning career, and an escalating cocaine addiction threatened to derail everything he had built.
However, Scorsese’s recuperation period was by no means a dormant one. He embarked on a series of documentaries, the first being 1978’s THE LAST WALTZ—a concert film chronicling The Band’s farewell concert in San Francisco on Thanksgiving Day, 1976.
Scorsese became involved through Jonathan T. Taplin, a manager for The Band who had previously produced 1973’s MEAN STREETS. Rock and roll has played an integral role throughout Scorsese’s career, and though he would go on to make several more concert documentaries as the years went on, THE LAST WALTZ is generally considered his finest work in the arena.
THE LAST WALTZ is relatively straightforward, featuring The Band performing their hits in full, joined by a veritable who’s who of 1970’s rock like Eric Clapton, Bob Dylan, Neil Young, Ringo Starr, Van Morrison, and Muddy Waters.
Scorsese also peppers interview footage throughout of the film in which he appears onscreen talking to members of The Band about their experiences with the group, focusing particularly on Robbie Robertson. The cinema-verite feel of the film’s presentation is complemented by a few instances of staged performance, shot a few days later in a nearby soundstage.
To accomplish a multi-camera shooting scenario while capturing artful footage, Scorsese recruits his TAXI DRIVER (1976) cinematographer Michael Chapman, who leads a small team of fellow venerated cinematographers Vilmos Zsigmond and Laszlo Kovacs. The mid-to-late 1970’s were something of a “rock star” period for Scorsese—a time when his national profile soared as a director.
His success was offset by the hazards of fame and fortune, the most dangerous of which was his fondness for cocaine (which no doubt the green rooms backstage were awash in). In a way, Scorsese was the perfect guy to chronicle this event, further solidifying his artistic association with and importance to rock and roll music.
A concert film might not provide a plethora of opportunities for artistic indulgence, but Scorsese still manages to make his mark known by referencing his cultural heritage in the form of an Italian waltz during the opening credits, as well as continuing his examination of urban street life by showing the fans waiting in line for the concert.
THE LAST WALTZ may be a minor work within Scorsese’s filmography, but it was formative in his approach to music documentaries in the future. Even today, the film is still considered as one of the greatest rock documentaries of all time. For Scorsese personally, it would be a major development in his career in that his relationship with Robbie Robertson would result in him becoming a key music producer for Scorsese’s later works.
AMERICAN BOY: A PROFILE OF STEVEN PRINCE (1978)
In addition to his prolific narrative output, director Martin Scorsese has also built up a healthy body of work on the side that focused on his personal fascinations with people and culture from a documentary standpoint. He had previously explored his Italian heritage through the stories of his parents in ITALIANAMERICAN (1974), and chronicled The Band’s final farewell concert in 1978’s THE LAST WALTZ.
For his next documentary work, Scorsese turned his camera on a bit player who could be found in several of his early narrative features—Steven Prince. Best known for his role as the gun-dealer Easy Andy in 1976’s TAXI DRIVER, Prince has arguably lived an even wilder life than Scorsese’s fictional protagonists.
Inspired by Prince’s wild stories and effortless charm as a raconteur, Scorsese pulled together producer/co-editor Bert Lovitt and his TAXI DRIVER cinematographer Michael Chapman to make AMERICAN BOY: A PROFILE OF STEVEN PRINCE (1978).
Filmed over the course of fifteen hours in a nondescript house in Los Angeles, Prince captivates Scorsese and his crew with various stories from his life—his days as a road manager for the biggest bands of the 70’s… his tales of drug addiction… even the time he shot and killed a guy who was trying to rob a gas station he worked at.
AMERICAN BOY is shot in the improvisational, unstructured way that Scorsese shot ITALIANAMERICAN, making the two documentaries companion pieces of sorts. One might think an hour-long film about a guy sitting around a couch and telling stories might be boring, but Prince’s personal eccentricities and lively stories make for a compelling watch.
Scorsese organizes these stories into vaguely-defined chapters, punctuating them with home movie footage of Prince as a young boy. At this stage in his career, Scorsese appears to have a few stylistic trademarks he regularly implements in his documentary work.
As he does in AMERICAN BOY, he appears onscreen himself as he interviews his subjects, making for a very personal, intimate mood. There’s also the use of rock music, evidenced here by the inclusion of a Neil Young track during the opening and closing credits.
There’s even a quick bout of violence—Prince and another man playfully wrestle each other—and Scorsese captures it in the same chaotic, spontaneous way in which he depicts fictional violence in his features. AMERICAN BOY is undoubtedly an oft-overlooked work within Scorsese’s filmography, but it has influenced pop culture in an unexpected way.
At one point in the story, Prince recounts the story of how he saved someone who had overdosed on drugs by stabbing him in the heart and injecting him with adrenaline. This story reportedly inspired Quentin Tarantino to include a cinematic depiction of it in his 1994 breakout film, PULP FICTION.
In relation to Scorsese’s work as a director, AMERICAN BOY doesn’t show a distinct growth—in fact, it shows Scorsese at something of a low point; his dabbling with drugs and surrounding lifestyle can be seen at their most intimate here. The film makes no mention of Scorsese’s personal drug use, nor does Scorsese’s appearance clue us into cocaine addiction.
Yet, the dangers of his lifestyle hang in the air like the Ghost of Christmas Future. With this in mind, AMERICAN BOY becomes much darker than its intent, telling us just as much about Scorsese’s junkie days as it does Prince’s.
RAGING BULL (1980)
Every director, no matter how good he or she may be, will have to face failure at one point in his or her career. It’s an inherent part of making art—the personal nature of expression doesn’t necessarily translate to a positive, objective impression on the receiving end.
Thus, true artistic success or failure cannot be measured by financial or cultural metrics; it is how the director handles praise or rejection that decides his or her fate as an artist. By all accounts, Martin Scorsese in the late 1970’s was decidedly failing.
The cold reception of 1977’s postmodern musical NEW YORK, NEW YORK sent his career into a tailspin—a dive worsened by an escalating cocaine addiction. He retreated into the world of documentaries, releasing THE LAST WALTZ and AMERICAN BOY: A PROFILE OF STEVEN PRINCE in the same year (1978) and toying with idea of retiring from feature filmmaking forever.
Scorsese no longer felt the burning passion for narrative film that had fueled the likes of MEAN STREETS (1973) and TAXI DRIVER (1976), so when his frequent collaborator Robert De Niro pitched him a movie based off the tumultuous life of middleweight boxing champion Jake La Motta, Scorsese shrugged with ambivalence.
It would take Scorsese nearly dying from a cocaine overdose for him to come around to the idea—when De Niro visited him in the hospital and repeated his plea to take on the job, Scorsese suddenly found himself connecting to Jake La Motta’s story of glory and ruin.
In relatively short order, Scorsese and De Niro turned to trusted writing collaborators Mardik Martin and Paul Schrader to translate the book to a script they called RAGING BULL. They set the project up through United Artists, an independent studio noted for its director-friendly approach to filmmaking—an approach that led their 1976 film, ROCKY, to Oscar glory.
To further cement their boxing bonafides, Scorsese and company brought the producers of ROCKY—Robert Chartoff and Irwin Winkler—onboard. And so it was that Scorsese found himself with the opportunity to redeem his narrative feature career, and if by chance he went down for the count, it would be on his own, uncompromising terms.
RAGING BULL tells the story of champion boxer Jake La Motta (De Niro) during his rise to glory in the New York boxing scene during the 1940’s. He’s a relentless fighter, and he won’t stop until he achieves greatness. However, his proclivity for violence extends outside of the ring, affecting his wife and his brother and manager, Joey (Joe Pesci).
His eyes are dead set on winning the title belt, but it isn’t long until those same eyes wander towards a young neighborhood girl named Vicki (Cathy Moriarty) and he sets about claiming her as his own as well. Soon enough he has both and retires to a life of luxury in Miami in 1956—but just like the hardscrabble New York life he left behind, Jake finds that retirement isn’t all daiquiris at the poolside.
Once the very image of fitness, Jake is now flabby and too complacent to fix his life as it crumbles around him. Ultimately, RAGING BULL is a cautionary tale as old as time, about the rise and fall of a man whose dreams exceed his grasp.
De Niro soars in his fourth collaboration with Scorsese, arguably delivering the best performance of his career (and one rightfully recognized by the Academy with the coveted golden statue). As Jake La Motta, De Niro ably channels the Bronx Bull’s brutish charisma and explosive fury.
De Niro has a history of extensively preparing for his roles, and with RAGING BULL he trained with the real La Motta until he was up to professional boxing standards, and subsequently ruined it all when he put on the significant amount of weight required to play an older, obese La Motta in retirement.
La Motta is a fundamentally unlikable character, but De Niro imbues him with a relatable pathos, giving the audience a window into our own ambitions and the lengths at which we’ll go to achieve them. Joe Pesci, who would go on to become a regular Scorsese cast member in his own right, finds his career breakout here through the role of Joey, Jake’s brother and manager.
A character actor who had struggled in obscurity for decades and was just about to call it quits, Pesci’s anxiously combative performance in RAGING BULL is a revelation. To portray the role of La Motta’s duplicitous wife Vicki, Scorsese found an unknown named Cathy Moriarty, and her chilly, tough (but no less feminine) performance here rocketed her straight to an Academy Award nomination.
Out of all of Scorsese’s leading ladies, Moriarty is arguably the purest example of the “Scorsese blonde” archetype—a beautiful, calculating woman who knows how to manipulate the men around her to get what she wants. Finally, there’s Frank Vincent in the bit role of Salvy, a neighborhood thug and a rival of Jake’s for Vicki’s affections.
He was a non-actor when he was cast, but his compelling performance in RAGING BULL was enough to turn him into the go-to actor for Italian/Mafia type characters. RAGING BULL is infamous for its revival of black and white cinematography in a time dominated entirely by color.
This was done to give the film some period authenticity while also differentiating it from ROCKY. Scorsese enlisted his regular cinematographer Michael Chapman to lens the film, and together they create a hybrid aesthetic that deals in both documentary-style realism and impressionistic experimentalism.
They save the naturalistic cinematography for La Motta’s life outside the ring, punctuating it with documentary-style intertitles to quickly establish when and where we are. Additionally, they supplement the realism with color 8mm footage meant to evoke La Motta’s home movies. However, it’s inside the ring where RAGING BULL really distinguishes itself and leaves it mark on the history of cinema.
Whereas most boxing films prior to RAGING BULL covered the action from an outside perspective, Scorsese and Chapman literally step inside the ring. In that simple switch from an objective to a subjective perspective, Scorsese grants himself an unprecedented amount of creative freedom.
We first see hints of it during the opening credits, where La Motta is depicted in distant silhouette, pacing around the ring in slow motion, set to the mournful dirge of Pietro Mascagni’s “Intermezzo” from the Cavalleria Rusticana. As the boxing sequences unfold, Scorsese turns the ring into a smoky, molasses-slow hellscape where La Motta must do battle with his own internal demons manifest in physical form.
Scorsese and Chapman’s expressionistic camerawork is complemented by editor Thelma Schoonmaker’s fearlessly dynamic cuts. Schoonmaker, who had previously worked with Scorsese on his feature debut WHO’S THAT KNOCKING AT MY DOOR (1967), had been unable to work with the director ever since—barred entry into the editing guild simply because she was a woman.
The guild finally came to their senses in time for Schoonmaker and Scorsese to reunite on RAGING BULL, and the pair has been inseparable ever since. Scorsese has a habit of eschewing conventional original scores in favor of needledrops from his own record collection, resulting in films that feel like they inhabit the same world as ours.
Towards that end, RAGING BULL is consistent among Scorsese’s works in that it utilizes a mix of period music from the 1940s through the 1960’s—both popular jukebox tunes as well as traditional folk ballads that flesh out the Italian heritage of La Motta and the neighborhood that surrounds him.
Scorsese also uses a few works from classical composer Pietro Mascagni, most notably the aforementioned “Intermezzo” to add an air of melodrama, subverting the image of a brutish lout with a sophisticated, elegant sound. Funnily enough, the most powerful aspect of RAGING BULL’s soundtrack is silence.
The film is a master study in the strategic absence of sound during crucial moments, like La Motta’s final fight against Sugar Ray. Scorsese’s initial reluctance in taking on RAGING BULL stemmed from his distaste for sports and a general emotional disconnect from the psyche of a man who earned his living by knocking people out.
He must have been surprised then to find that RAGING BULL falls right in line with his artistic aesthetic and thematic fascinations. His affection for the Italian American experience in New York City provides colorful background detail to La Motta’s home life, perfectly capturing the shouting and random fights that constitute the chaos of an urban existence.
This acknowledgement of the messy violence in the streets allows Scorsese to draw compelling comparisons with the disciplined, almost elegant violence inside the boxing ring. An archetypical Scorsese protagonist is both saint and sinner, and Jake La Motta is no exception to the rule.
Despite associating with thugs and gangsters and being a lowlife himself, he lives by his own, principled code. La Motta isn’t outwardly religious, but he shares a similar Roman Catholic tendency for self-flagellation with protagonists like Harvey Keitel’s character in MEAN STREETS.
La Motta takes a lot of abuse in the ring (at one point even giving himself entirely over to his opponent in atonement for throwing an earlier fight), denies himself sexual pleasure, and beats himself up in a jail cell. Unlike a typical Scorsese protagonist, however, La Motta’s gospel doesn’t come from the bible– it comes from the streets.
Take the ending scene, where a plump, washed-up La Motta gives himself a pep talk in the mirror before going onstage for his nightly lounge act. He recites Marlon Brando’s seminal “I Coulda Been A Contender” monologue from director Elia Kazan’s ON THE WATERFRONT (1954), a film which no doubt would have struck a profound chord with people of La Motta’s persuasion and background at the time.
On a surface level, the scene could be read as Scorsese paying homage to a cinematic influence of his own, but it really serves to illuminate the inflated “noble victim” mentality that La Motta uses to shield himself from actually changing for the better.
Scorsese couldn’t have known it at the time, but this scene in particular would go on to become one of the most iconic moments in cinematic history, rivaling even that of the scene in ON THE WATERFRONT that it references, as well as directly inspiring the final scene of Paul Thomas Anderson’s BOOGIE NIGHTS (1997)—a film similarly about the rise and fall of a showman whose greatest asset is his own body.
RAGING BULL is an incredibly significant milestone in Scorsese’s filmography, whereby he demonstrates his maturation as an artist and fulfills the promise of his early work. It is arguably Scorsese’s most pure and uncompromised film– indeed, he fought tooth and nail over every little artistic choice in a bid to make sure every frame demonstrated his vision.
All this passion wasn’t unwarranted—after the failure of NEW YORK, NEW YORK, Scorsese truly thought RAGING BULL would be his last film, so he summoned all his creative energies to make it just the way he wanted.
The result was a cinematic rebirth for Scorsese, who went on to secure Oscar nominations for Best Picture and Director, alongside the film’s other nominations for Best Actor, Supporting Actress, Cinematography, and Editing.
In a stunning display of short-sightedness on the Academy’s part, RAGING BULL was only awarded two Oscars—one for De Niro’s performance and the other for Schoonmaker’s groundbreaking edit. The film’s direction and cinematography have proven massively influential over the years, completely overshadowing the legacy of Robert Redford’s ORDINARY PEOPLE—the film that the Academy passed RAGING BULL over for.
Thankfully, RAGING BULL isn’t an easy film to forget, and it has stood the test of time. When it was selected for preservation by the National Film Registry in 1990 (its first year of eligibility), RAGING BULL’s cinematic legacy was finally assured, marking it as the point in which Scorsese had emerged as a true master of the art form.
THE KING OF COMEDY (1983)
There’s something about show business that attracts the most delusional, self-absorbed and borderline-psychotic of people. We’ve all seen the lurid tabloid headlines about the bizarre behavior exhibited by celebrities, as if being rich and famous were a license to flagrantly disregard any semblance of normal social standards and decency.
Perhaps even more interesting is the behavior exhibited by those who aspire to fame but for whom success has been elusive. One of my best friends has an acquaintance from film school that completely embodies this particularly noxious brand of ego and desperation.
His social media posts are single-mindedly about his meetings with studio heads to direct the next installment of a major franchise, or his interactions with A-list celebrities that consist of nothing but said celebrity’s effusive praise for his genius and unparalleled talent. That’s a pretty remarkable career for a guy without even an IMDB page to his name, let alone a single film.
His boasts are almost reckless in their falseness, yet he broadcasts them widely to his social media audience as if it were truth. Nothing can ever truly prepare someone for encountering that kind of wanton delusion in the real world. Judging by the reception of THE KING OF COMEDY (1983)– director Martin Scorsese’s follow-up to his career comeback RAGING BULL (1980)—we apparently don’t even know how to deal with that delusion in a fictional world.
After the success of 1980’s RAGING BULL, Scorsese wanted to focus on a passion project he had developed for quite some time—a radical take on Jesus Christ and his crucifixion called THE LAST TEMPTATION OF CHRIST, starring Robert De Niro as the titular Son Of God. De Niro didn’t greet the touchy subject matter as enthusiastically as Scorsese, and instead suggested the idea of doing a comedy together.
He reminded Scorsese of a script he had brought to the director’s attention way back in 1974—a script by film critic Paul D. Zimmerman titled THE KING OF COMEDY.
Back then, Scorsese found that he couldn’t really connect with the material, but in the tumultuous years that followed—years that would see him skyrocket to fame with 1976’s TAXI DRIVER, then nearly lose everything from overindulging in eccentric projects and substance abuse, only to then reinstall himself at the top of the art form with RAGING BULL—Scorsese had gained a lifetime’s worth of experience in the trappings of fame, suddenly finding the content of THE KING OF COMEDY much more relatable.
Scorsese and De Niro’s explosive collaborative chemistry had fueled each other’s careers to ever-loftier heights, but 1983’s THE KING OF COMEDY would slow their ascent to an abrupt halt with its disappointing reception. It would be their last collaboration for seven years. Despite the film’s perceived failure, the quality of Scorsese and De Niro’s work has endured, and THE KING OF COMEDY is now regarded as something of a minor masterpiece in the director’s filmography—a grand satire of fame, ambition, and the ravenous appetite of the media.
As Scorsese’s first outright comedy, THE KING OF COMEDY doesn’t try so much for hearty belly laughs as it does for the nervous laughter elicited in awkward situations we’d rather escape. Rupert Pupkin (De Niro) is an aspiring comedian—emphasis on “aspiring”.
He’s currently living in his mother’s basement in an outer borough of New York City, and completely preoccupied with meeting his idol, a Johnny Carson-type late night show host named Jerry Langford (Jerry Lewis). One night, he finally succeeds by saving Jerry from the other rabid fans outside the stage door, throwing himself into the getaway limousine as it speeds away.
Finally face to face with his idol, he does what most desperate wannabe’s do—immediately pitch his act. Jerry brushes Rupert off in the worst way possible; he tells him to call his assistant to set up an appointment to listen to his act, assuming that Rupert will never actually follow up.
Much to the chagrin of Jerry and his employees, Rupert dutifully (and repeatedly) shows up to the show’s offices until he has to be thrown out of the building by security. Undeterred by this minor “mishap”, Rupert continues his bid for Jerry’s attention, indulging in fantasies wherein he and Jerry are best friends.
His daydreams grow increasingly more delusional, with Jerry praising Rupert’s act as nothing short of revolutionary and inviting him out to his house in the Hamptons for the weekend. The extent of Rupert’s disconnect from reality becomes painfully apparent to everyone around him when he actually shows up at Jerry’s Hamptons house unannounced.
Feeling that his “friendship” with Jerry is slipping away, and by extension his chance for his big debut on Jerry’s show, Rupert concocts a last-ditch scheme to launch his career by kidnapping Jerry and leveraging his hostage for a spot delivering the opening monologue on the show.
In his old age, De Niro has tried to soften his tough guy image by appearing in comedies like MEET THE PARENTS (2000), so one could look at THE KING OF COMEDY as the beginning of De Niro’s desire to try his hand at comedic roles.
As the wannabe fanatic Rupert Pupkin, De Niro excels at projecting a disturbingly needy and desperate vibe—the complete opposite of the aloof tough guys he played in previous collaborations with Scorsese. This complete lack of machismo and posturing on De Niro’s part results in an unforgettable performance that Scorsese reportedly considers the actor’s best within their own work together.
THE KING OF COMEDY would serve as De Niro’s last appearance in a Scorsese film until 1990’s GOODFELLAS, a development that the director attributes to the uncomfortable nature of the story and the subsequent difficulty in shooting said uncomfortable moments. Real-life comedian Jerry Lewis plays the object of Pupkin’s idolatry- the conceited and egotistical Jerry Langford. Lewis has a reputation for being somewhat of a dick, so naturally he excels at capturing the authenticity of an impatient, rich asshole here.
De Niro’s then-wife, Diahnne Abbot, plays Rita—a bartender and a romantic interest for Rupert. Abbot is for all intents and purposes the straight character, giving a grounded performance that establishes perspective for the delusionary characters that populate the film.
While she had cameos in a couple of Scorsese’s films previously (most notably as a lounge singer in 1977’s NEW YORK, NEW YORK), her performance in THE KING OF COMEDY is the first real instance of substantial screen time in a Scorsese film. Sandra Bernhard plays Masha, a contentious friend of Rupert’s and a fellow nutbag with a dangerous, unpredictable edge.
Additionally, THE KING OF COMEDY features brief appearances by Scorsese’s friends and family—both of his parents make respective cameos, with mother Catherine as Rupert’s heard-but-not-seen mother and father Charles as a patron at the bar. Scorsese’ longtime writing partner Mardik Martin also makes an appearance at the same bar, and NEW YORK, NEW YORK’s Liza Minnelli appears in cardboard cutout form in Rupert’s basement apartment. Finally, Scorsese himself appears briefly as a television director for Jerry’s show.
THE KING OF COMEDY greatly deviates from the established Scorsese “look”– that signature blend of grit, immediacy, and lurid color– opting instead for a straightforward, unadorned look. For whatever reason, Scorsese’s regular cinematographer Michael Chapman is absent from the proceedings, replaced by director of photography Fred Schuler.
Like most comedies, Scorsese emphasizes broad, even lighting and wide compositions to better capture the physical comedy on display. THE KING OF COMEDY makes no distinction between Pupkin’s humdrum, everyday existence and the ego-stroking daydreams he indulges in; indeed, the fantasy sequences are presented so mundanely they often feel more realistic than the grounded sequences.
Whereas works like 1973’s MEAN STREETS and RAGING BULL spliced 8mm color home movie footage into the 35mm presentation, THE KING OF COMEDY marks an early acknowledgement of the aesthetic of television video. For the opening of the film as well as Rupert Pupkin’s big monologue delivery, Scorsese shot these sequences on broadcast video, the medium’s scratchy fuzziness standing in stark contrast to the crisp film visuals.
The rise of Steadicam in the early 80’s also allows Scorsese to experiment with long takes and sustained camera movement, often walking with characters for extended charges down the long Manhattan boulevards. The absurdity of the film’s humor is balanced with a straightforward, non-flashy edit by Thelma Schoonmaker, a key creative partner of Scorsese’s.
At first glance, THE KING OF COMEDY seeks like a
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 11
|
https://www.amazon.in/Hawking-Incorporated-Stephen-Anthropology-Knowing/dp/0226522261
|
en
|
Amazon.in
|
[
"https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/captcha/bcxmjlko/Captcha_jzvzxbvgfe.jpg",
"https://fls-eu.amazon.in/1/oc-csi/1/OP/requestId=2SYGVRCYXXRJQXJ3DAJY&js=0"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
| null |
Enter the characters you see below
Sorry, we just need to make sure you're not a robot. For best results, please make sure your browser is accepting cookies.
|
|||||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 92
|
http://filmmusicreporter.com/2024/08/07/super-papa-soundtrack-album-released/
|
en
|
Film Music Reporter
|
http://filmmusicreporter.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/vs-16-300x300.jpeg
|
[
"http://filmmusicreporter.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/vs-16-300x300.jpeg",
"https://filmmusicreporter.com/wp-content/themes/greyzed-theme/functions/efrog/images/credit_image_black.png"
] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/wGrKfNhRcB0?feature=oembed",
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/yJFBP0eAPME?feature=oembed"
] |
[] |
[
"Laurent Perez Del Mar",
"Léa Lando",
"score",
"Soundtrack",
"Super Papa",
"",
"Film Music Albums",
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-08-07T00:00:00
|
Bonne Pioche Music has released a soundtrack album for the French family comedy Super Papa. The album features the film's original score composed by Laurent Per
|
en
|
https://filmmusicreporter.com/2024/08/07/super-papa-soundtrack-album-released/
|
Bonne Pioche Music has released a soundtrack album for the French family comedy Super Papa. The album features the film’s original score composed by Laurent Perez Del Mar (The Red Turtle, I Kill Giants, The Mystery of Henri Pick, My Son, Zarafa, The Kitchen Brigade). The soundtrack is now available to stream/download here, where you can also check out the track list. Also listen to the composer’s first track after the jump. Super Papa is co-written and directed by Léa Lando and stars Ahmed Sylla, Ismaël Bangoura, Louise Coldefy, Julien Pestel, Claudia Tagbo and Zabou Breitman. The movie follows a father who accidentally gives his kid a book with blank pages for his birthday and makes up a story that the book is magical and fulfills the dreams of those who write in it. The comedy is being released in French theaters today.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 86
|
https://www.wired.com/2008/07/ff-wargames/
|
en
|
WarGames: A Look Back at the Film That Turned Geeks and Phreaks Into Stars
|
[
"https://www.wired.com/verso/static/wired/assets/logo-header.svg",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/5a705ddf15c858706f59b7bf/master/w_2560%2Cc_limit/ff_wargames_f.jpg",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b23be658e822bdb4b6476c/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b6dbf403cf03ee058958e1/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b629eeb2a442a63ed28083/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b5958604fd2c5b86fd5ce3/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b23be658e822bdb4b6476c/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b6dbf403cf03ee058958e1/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b629eeb2a442a63ed28083/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b5958604fd2c5b86fd5ce3/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b23be658e822bdb4b6476c/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b6dbf403cf03ee058958e1/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b629eeb2a442a63ed28083/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b5958604fd2c5b86fd5ce3/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b23be658e822bdb4b6476c/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b6dbf403cf03ee058958e1/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b629eeb2a442a63ed28083/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b5958604fd2c5b86fd5ce3/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b23be658e822bdb4b6476c/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b6dbf403cf03ee058958e1/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b629eeb2a442a63ed28083/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66b5958604fd2c5b86fd5ce3/1:1/w_350%2Ch_350%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66a418c2c18e09c914107ea1/16:9/w_800%2Ch_450%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66917d6e0a85c77fe984bc02/16:9/w_800%2Ch_450%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/669ed07c8e1a8a52ea07f6d9/16:9/w_800%2Ch_450%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66ac04e1cb172c2e5de763c1/16:9/w_800%2Ch_450%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66ac1c2b1cb5098566660690/16:9/w_800%2Ch_450%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/6696f46793b5e6b71aac0cc8/16:9/w_800%2Ch_450%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66a942996be943a73aae6058/16:9/w_800%2Ch_450%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://media.wired.com/photos/66abceea2a42e539ea389228/16:9/w_800%2Ch_450%2Cc_limit/undefined",
"https://www.wired.com/verso/static/wired/assets/logo-reverse.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Scott Brown",
"Matt Burgess",
"Lily Hay Newman",
"Andy Greenberg",
"Chris Nashawaty",
"Megan Farokhmanesh",
"Angela Watercutter",
"Jennifer M. Wood",
"Jay Ruben Dayrit",
"Condé Nast"
] |
2008-07-21T12:00:00-04:00
|
en
|
https://www.wired.com/verso/static/wired/assets/favicon.ico
|
WIRED
|
https://www.wired.com/2008/07/ff-wargames/
|
It was the year Ronald Reagan called the Soviet Union an "evil empire"; the year the United Nations implored the Russians to withdraw from Afghanistan; the year ABC aired The Day After, a TV movie about the wake of a nuclear attack on the US. In the midst of all this came WarGames, a fizzy little thriller about looming Armageddon. It's a deceptively simple story: High schooler David Lightman (played by 21-year-old Matthew Broderick) is a digitally proficient goofball who wants to play an unreleased computer game — and impress a pretty girl (Ally Sheedy). So he does something most Americans didn't have a word for back then: He starts hacking. Little does he know, the "computer company" he's infiltrated is actually a military installation running a missile-command supercomputer called the WOPR (War Operation Plan Response), and the game — Global Thermonuclear War — is real. Naturally, only David can stop it from setting off World War III.
Over the years, WarGames has written itself into the cult lore of Silicon Valley. Google hosted a 25th-anniversary screening in May, where keyboard jockeys cheered Broderick's DOS acrobatics. (Imagine Rocky Horror, but picture the audience in Hawaiian shirts and mandals.) "Many of us grew up with this movie," Google cofounder Sergey Brin told the packed house. "It was a key movie of a generation, especially for those of us who got into computing."
The original WarGames theatrical trailer. For more, visit wired.com/video.
[#video: https://www.youtube.com/embed/yrWInzP6Wnc WarGames: The Dead Code attempts a reboot.
How did WarGames become the geek-geist classic that legitimized hacker culture, minted the nerd hero — and maybe even changed American defense policy? Related question: Shall we play a game?
In 1979, Walter Parkes, the future head of DreamWorks Pictures, was a young screenwriter with the outlines of an idea he'd developed with Lawrence Lasker, a script reader at Orion Pictures. Called The Genius,it was a character film about a dying scientist and the only person in the world who understands him — a rebellious kid who's too smart for his own good. The idea of featuring computers and computer networks would come later.
Walter Parkes, Screenwriter: WarGames is looked upon as technologically prescient, but we actually started off with a concept that had nothing to do with technology.
Lawrence Lasker, Screenwriter: We were complete newbies. In 1979, we didn't even know that home computers could hook up to other computers.
Peter Schwartz, Futurist and creative consultant: I spent 10 years at the Stanford Research Institute, from 1972 to the end of 1981. That's where all this began. Walter and Larry came to SRI with a script idea called The Genius. And it was about a boy and a relationship he had with a great scientist named Falken, who was basically Stephen Hawking.
Lasker: For me, the inspiration for the project was a TV special Peter Ustinov did on several geniuses, including Hawking. I found the predicament Hawking was in fascinating — that he might one day figure out the unified field theory and not be able to tell anyone, because of his progressive ALS. So there was this idea that he'd need a successor. And who would that be? Maybe this kid, a juvenile delinquent whose problem was that nobody realized he was too smart for his environment. That resonated with Walter. So I said, let's actually go talk to people about how a kid could get in trouble and get discovered by a brainy scientist and take it from there.
Parkes: Before our conversation, the Falken character was just a way to access the adult side of the movie. It wasn't even much about computers yet.
Schwartz made the connection between youth, computers, gaming, and the military — and The Genius began its long morph into WarGames.
Schwartz: There was a new subculture of extremely bright kids developing into what would become known as hackers. SRI was in Palo Alto, and all the computer nerds were around: Xerox PARC, Apple just starting — it was all happening right there. SRI was node number two of the Internet. We talked about the fact that the kinds of computer games that were being played were blow-up-the-world games. Space war games. Military simulations. Things like Global Thermonuclear War. SRI was one of the main players in this. SRI was, in fact, running computerized war games for the military.
Screenshot: Courtesy MGM**In the summer of 1980, Parkes and Lasker went looking for inspiration for their war room set. They found it when they pestered their way onto a tour of the North American Aerospace Defense Command's central nerve center — 2,000 feet under Cheyenne Mountain in Colorado. From here, American and Canadian military officials could detect an incoming Soviet nuke from hundreds of miles away.
Lasker: As we're walking back to the bus that's going to take us to the hotel, James Hartinger [then commander in chief of Norad] walks up between me and Walter and plants a hand on the back of our necks: "I understand you boys are writing a movie about me!" he says. "Let's go to the bar." Walter says: "Well, we have to get on the bus to go back to our hotel." And Hartinger replies: "Are you insane? I've got 50,000 men under my command. You think I can't get you back to your hotel? Plus, I can't drink off the base. So c'mon." He was all for the message in our script. We kind of simplified it to "machines are taking over." He said, "God damn, you're right! I sleep well at night knowing I'm in charge." So we based General Beringer, played by Barry Corbin, on the real commander at Cheyenne Mountain.
Parkes: We came up with a number of different military-themed plotlines prior to the final story. In one version, this kid was connected via computer to someone known as Uncle Ollie, or OLI. Later on, it's revealed that OLI stands for Omnipresent Laser Interceptor, a space-based defensive laser, and it's got this intelligent program running it. This was another version of what the WOPR became. We could never make it work, but I remember doing quite a lot of research into space- and Earth-based laser systems. It turned out to be too speculative, not as specific as what we decided on.
David Scott Lewis, Solar-tech entrepreneur and model for David Lightman: Hacking was easy back then. There were few if any security measures. It was mostly hackers versus auditing types. The Computer Security Institute comes to mind. I would read all of their materials and could easily find ways around their countermeasures. The part in the movie showing David Lightman perusing the library to find Falken's backdoor password, "Joshua," is clearly a reference to many of my antics.
Lasker: David Lewis wasn't exactly the inspiration. But he was a model. You could call him up in the middle of the night and ask, "Can you get a computer to play games with itself?" And he'd say, "Yes! Number of players: zero."
Screenshot: Courtesy MGMParkes: There was a guy named "Captain Crunch," John Draper. He was the famous phone phreak, one of the first telephone hackers. He was called Captain Crunch because he used a toy whistle given away in the cereal to activate a telephone trunk line, enabling him to make unlimited free calls.
John "Captain Crunch" Draper, Early hacker and reformed phone phreak: I talked to them about how phone phreaks did it: The use of a dialer scanner program came from me repeatedly dialing up numbers until I found a computer modem. It's called wardialing now because David Lightman used it in the movie to make contact with the Norad computer. I called it scanning.
Kevin "The Condor" Mitnick, Early hacker who served five years in prison for computer-related crimes: Scanning was a common hacking technique. But it seemed like something from a James Bond movie.
In early '82 , the script grew so ambitious that the filmmakers needed to build the Hollywood version of Norad's Crystal Palace command center. Universal Pictures began to balk at the prospect of shooting a tech-heavy movie its executives didn't fully understand. The project stalled and ended up at United Artists, where director Martin Brest was hired. He began making changes in the script, starting with the key character, Falken.
Lasker: I still wish we'd been able to stick with the original dying-astrophysicist character. It was Marty Brest who didn't like the idea of a man in a wheelchair in a war room, because it was too much like Dr. Strangelove.
Parkes We always pictured John Lennon, because he was kind of a spiritual cousin to Stephen Hawking.
Lasker: We had communicated with Hawking — not directly. And through David Geffen, we'd communicated with John Lennon, and he was interested in the role. I was writing the first scene where we meet Hawking — Falken — in the movie. He was an astrophysicist in our second draft. I was staring at the cover of the November '80 issue of Esquire, with Lennon on the cover, and describing his face, when a friend of mine — a bit of a jerk — called and said, "You're gonna have to find a new Falken."
They had to find a new director, too; UA wasn't happy with the footage Brest had produced. The studio fired him and called in John Badham, the acclaimed director of Saturday Night Fever*.*
### Geek Goddess
Those eyes. That laugh. Those khakis. For a legion of young WarGames fans, 20-year-old Ally Sheedy was a lust object second only to the Imsai 8080. A quarter century later, Wired caught up with hacker culture's first crush. — Scott Brown
Wired: So it wasn't a love for microprocessors that drew you to this role.
Sheedy: I couldn't make heads or tails of the script. It was easy for me to do the part where she's asking questions.
Wired: What about now?
Sheedy: To be honest, I haven't seen the movie since it came out. It's probably kind of quaint.
Wired: Nowadays, cybercrime might outrank nuclear warfare as a source of collective anxiety. I sometimes feel really at sea with technology. I love email.
Sheedy: All this communicating has created a world where no one's accountable. And I have a 14-year-old daughter, so I worry.
Wired: Wow. You have a 14-year-old daughter. That just set off a wave of cognitive dissonance among the hackers who'd like to hit on you ... Do hackers hit on you?
Sheedy: No, I don't hear so much from hackers. No. No, no, no. I don't. Thankfully. No.
Wired: Just one no would've been fine.
John Badham, Director Leonard Goldberg, the producer, shows me some footage they'd shot — it was a scene with Matthew Broderick and Ally Sheedy going into his bedroom, early in the movie, and he shows her how he can change her grades on his computer. She freaks out and leaves. And I'm looking at this and thinking, "What's wrong here?" Driving home that night, I realized what it was. I stopped the car, found a phone booth, and called Leonard. "I know what the problem is!" I said. "They're not having any fun!" These kids were treating this as if they're involved in some dark and evil terrorist conspiracy. If I could change somebody's grades on the computer, I'd be peeing in my pants with excitement to show it to some girl. And the girl would be excited about it! I wasn't taking the point of view that there was something wrong with this guy.
Parkes: There was such a myth that we were all subject to, that personal computing would lead to a generation of disconnected loners who stayed in their rooms. But it actually led to social networking of a kind we've never seen before. The David Lightman character we first wrote was an edgier character than the one that Matthew portrayed. The final version was edgy enough but in a slightly more playful way.
Schwartz: The first thing on his mind was impressing the girl: "I'm changing your biology grade!" He was more about that than the art of hacking. The two computer nerds he goes to visit, Malvin and Jim (played by Eddie Deezen and Maury Chaykin), are much more in the mold of the conventional hacker.
Eddie Deezen, Actor [New Yorker film critic] Pauline Kael said that I was the first computer nerd of film, and since then nobody has ever challenged me.
To ensure accuracy, Badham invited a small army of computer whizzes on set.
Badham: You could get all the hacker geekiness you wanted just by standing on the set. We were dealing with things like when Matthew sits at the computer, we've got an actor who can't even type. I'd say, "No, I just really want him to type in 'David' and have him get on." They said, "No! You can't do that! You have to go through all these elaborate sequences!" I said, "No, we're not doing that. Audiences will have left the theater by the time he logs into the computer one time."
Draper: I was taken down to the set as a technical assistant. I don't really believe that there were any technical glitches — the fact that you can find a game company by scanning for phone numbers was real. That military computer, the WOPR, on the other hand, was a stupid, crazy thing. That was crazy. That was silly.
Made for $12 million, the movie was released on June 6, 1983. It was a hit, nabbing $80 million at the box office (the fifth-highest total of the year) and three Oscar nominations (for original screenplay, sound, and cinematography). Film critic Roger Ebert described it as "an amazingly entertaining thriller" and "one of the best films so far this year." When the WOPR spoke the movie's penultimate line ("A strange game. The only winning move is not to play. How about a nice game of chess?"), audiences, unnerved by years of US-Soviet nuclear brinkmanship, spontaneously applauded. And Ronald Reagan did not find the WOPR crazy or silly when he saw the movie at a special Camp David screening during its opening weekend.
Lasker: I arranged that screening. Reagan was a family friend. My parents were in the movie business, and I grew up in Brentwood. We had Saturday night parties, and much the same people came. The Reagans — you could set your watch by them. At 7 o'clock, there they would be — ding-dong!
Days after the screening, wrote Washington Post reporter Lou Cannon, Reagan held a closed-door briefing with some moderate members of Congress, wherein he sidetracked discussion of the MX ballistic missile program by bringing upWarGames. Had any of them seen the film? he asked, then launched into an animated account of the plot. "Don't tell the ending," cautioned one of the lawmakers.
Parkes: I remember the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists Doomsday Clock was at three minutes to midnight. The timing of it all was really interesting.
William Lord, Commander, Air Force Cyberspace Command: It was a great movie! A few years later, I was an executive officer with the Air Force Space Command stationed at Norad near Cheyenne Mountain. And I'm wondering, "Gee, where can we get such cool-looking displays?" It was a good forcing function. It required us to all of a sudden say, "If it really can look like this, why doesn't it?"
Poster art: Courtesy MGMWarGames had its most indelible influence on hacker culture, not defense policy. The Cold War was ending, but the cyberwar was just getting started. The year after the movie's release saw the debut of 2600 magazine — a hacker zine named after the 2600-Hz tone Draper used to phreak phones. In 1993, the first hacker convention opened its doors. It was (and is) called Defcon, an affectionate nod to the movie that helped popularize the term. But WarGames' legacy isn't all smileys and Sunday wardrives. This was Silicon Valley's Jaws*, doing for the digital demimonde what Spielberg's thriller had done for sharks: It introduced the world to the peril posed by hackers.*
Mitnick: That movie had a significant effect on my treatment by the federal government. I was held in solitary confinement for nearly a year because a prosecutor told a judge that if I got near a phone, I could dial up Norad and launch a nuclear missile. I never hacked into Norad. And when the prosecutor said that, I laughed — in open court. I thought, "This guy just burned all his credibility." But the court believed it. I think the movie convinced people that this stuff was real. They tried to make me into a fictional character.
Parkes: Between John's instinct and Matthew's interpretation, Lightman ended up being a more accessible, real kid. We didn't know it at the time — we went into this researching hackers — but we probably drew a picture of a gamer. I mean, look at the line "I wanna play those games."
Lewis: In those days, there were no blackhats or whitehats. I didn't do anything too serious. Just wanted to see what I could get away with. Just like in the movie.
Parkes: If there's something naive about the movie, it's that we didn't anticipate the power of hackers. For the handful of people who ended up doing things like unleashing viruses, well, most of those guys got arrested and then worked for the computer security business. So I guess it's all worked out.
Mitnick: It was a cool script, and Lightman becomes the hero. He was just doing it for fun. Today people aren't doing it for the fun. I was an old-school hacker, doing it for intellectual curiosity. It was more innocent. Trying to find a cool game to play and accidentally stumbling across a game that was for real.
Contributing editor Scott Brown (scott_brown@wired.com) wrote about the new Batman movie in issue 16.07. Additional reporting by David Downs.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 5
|
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0395571/
|
en
|
Die Suche nach dem Anfang der Zeit (TV Movie 2004)
|
[
"https://fls-na.amazon.com/1/batch/1/OP/A1EVAM02EL8SFB:132-1666124-7168563:98C2990KKEMG9KGHKGD9$uedata=s:%2Fuedata%2Fuedata%3Fstaticb%26id%3D98C2990KKEMG9KGHKGD9:0",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BN2IxZDBiMzEtNzRmMi00N2ZiLTlmYjMtYmZiOTlkMzJhOGU0XkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMzAzODY0NzE@._V1_QL75_UY281_CR5,0,190,281_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTY2MzY3ODc5MF5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwOTYwNDg3NDM@._V1_QL75_UX140_CR0,0,140,140_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTc0ODQ0MzExOV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwMDkxMDA2MDE@._V1_QL75_UY140_CR24,0,140,140_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BYzc0M2Y4NmQtYWQzNy00NTc0LWIyY2UtMWI0YzJiMzNhYmIyXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyNjc2ODY5ODU@._V1_QL75_UX140_CR0,0,140,140_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMjE0MDkzMDQwOF5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwOTE1Mjg1MzE@._V1_QL75_UX140_CR0,9,140,140_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BYmNlOTg0YzYtNjU4Yy00M2E0LWIyNmYtYWRlMTRkZGZlZDkzXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMjQwMDg0Ng@@._V1_QL75_UX140_CR0,14,140,140_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BOWU5YWEwZDYtYTczOC00N2U4LTgwOTctNTIyYWRiYjYyNjBmXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMjQ4ODI3Mw@@._V1_QL75_UX140_CR0,10,140,140_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTQwNTU3MTgxOF5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTcwNDY0MzIzOA@@._V1_QL75_UX140_CR0,0,140,140_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BNzI0MjIzMjI4NV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwMjY2MTQzMTE@._V1_QL75_UY140_CR35,0,140,140_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTU1NDc4MzUwMV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTYwMjIxODQ3._V1_QL75_UY140_CR35,0,140,140_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMjQwNzIzOTAwNl5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwMDg4NjA3NDE@._V1_QL75_UX140_CR0,1,140,140_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMjExMTAwNDYxM15BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwNzQ0MDY1NTE@._V1_QL75_UX140_CR0,18,140,140_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTY0OTUyNTA0MF5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwMDkzOTY2NTE@._V1_QL75_UX140_CR0,0,140,140_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BYmQwOWE4ZWYtZWE3Ny00YWU1LWFmOGQtMjk4NDJkMTU2MzhkXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMzE3OTU5Mg@@._V1_QL75_UY140_CR24,0,140,140_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMjE0MDc5NDM3Ml5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwMjA2MTIzMjE@._V1_QL75_UY140_CR24,0,140,140_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTQwOTgxOTU3Nl5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTcwNDI1MzkxOA@@._V1_QL75_UX140_CR0,8,140,140_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMjE0MjgzODM1Ml5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTcwMTk4MDkwOA@@._V1_QL75_UX140_CR0,12,140,140_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BOTM5NzI1NTMwN15BMl5BanBnXkFtZTcwOTQ0NjExNw@@._V1_QL75_UX140_CR0,13,140,140_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BY2Y2ODkwNzItNjJkNC00YzVjLWJlMTUtY2RkNjgyMGI3ODYxXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyNjUxMjc1OTM@._V1_QL75_UX140_CR0,1,140,140_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BM2ZiYjA2MDctNmExOC00MTUwLWJhYjEtZGYwOTVmMjJhYTU1XkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMTA0MTM5NjI2._V1_QL75_UX140_CR0,1,140,207_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BOTNlOTc4NjYtODVmNy00ZTAzLWJjYjUtNzJlYzkzZjgyMDA2XkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMTUyNjc3NDQ4._V1_QL75_UX140_CR0,1,140,207_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMzk2MzUyMjUtOTI3Yy00YzE3LWEwNzItZGQxYTBlOTM2YjMwXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyNzQ5MzY0NjM@._V1_QL75_UY207_CR4,0,140,207_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMGM3ZmQyMTktMWU1NS00YjVkLWIzMDMtNmRlZmQ2Y2ViNzYzXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMjExMjk0ODk@._V1_QL75_UY207_CR4,0,140,207_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTQ0ODI4MTkwNl5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTcwNDUyNDAyOQ@@._V1_QL75_UX140_CR0,0,140,207_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BNzAzMTYxNDY0OF5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwMDMwMjIzMDE@._V1_QL75_UY207_CR3,0,140,207_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BZjk0Zjg0N2MtODJmNi00ODBkLWE4Y2EtOGQ3OTc1NWU4ODRiXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMjgyNjk3MzE@._V1_QL75_UY207_CR1,0,140,207_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTUyOTQ5OTYxMV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwNzQ5MjAxMTE@._V1_QL75_UY207_CR1,0,140,207_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMjY1MTY5NTg3M15BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwMDQyMjgwMDE@._V1_QL75_UX140_CR0,0,140,207_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTkyNTAwMTk2Ml5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwMDA2NjE0MzE@._V1_QL75_UY207_CR4,0,140,207_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BNDAxMzA5ODk0Ml5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTgwOTQ1MTgwMzE@._V1_QL75_UY207_CR8,0,140,207_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMzIwYzRmZTQtOThhYy00YjIzLThkODEtMjE2MGRjYzY1ODY1XkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyNTE0MzczOTk@._V1_QL75_UY207_CR3,0,140,207_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BN2IxZDBiMzEtNzRmMi00N2ZiLTlmYjMtYmZiOTlkMzJhOGU0XkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMzAzODY0NzE@._V1_QL75_UY133_CR2,0,90,133_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/IMDb/Mobile/DesktopQRCode-png.png",
"https://fls-na.amazon.com/1/batch/1/OP/A1EVAM02EL8SFB:132-1666124-7168563:98C2990KKEMG9KGHKGD9$uedata=s:%2Fuedata%2Fuedata%3Fnoscript%26id%3D98C2990KKEMG9KGHKGD9:0"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Reviews",
"Showtimes",
"DVDs",
"Photos",
"User Ratings",
"Synopsis",
"Trailers",
"Credits"
] | null |
[] |
2004-12-10T00:00:00
|
Hawking - Die Suche nach dem Anfang der Zeit: Directed by Philip Martin. With Benedict Cumberbatch, Michael Brandon, Tom Hodgkins, Christian Rubeck. Theoretical physicist/cosmologist Stephen Hawking's life and search for the beginning of time (1963-6).
|
en
|
IMDb
|
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0395571/
|
This has just shown on BBC2 here in the U.K this very night, and i'am still thinking about it five hour's later. the performances of the cast especially Benedict Cumberbatch as the young Stephen Hawking were superb. The sreenplay while somewhat fictionalized was to the point and highly emotive. The scienific plight of Hawking was simply and well told and the scenes of his horribly degenerating disease( M.N) are highly moving. My uncle died of this disease a year after being diagnosed, that Hawking has continued living with this disease for forty years is not only a testament to his will but also the passion he holds in his life and groundbreaking work. Superb! This should win awards around the world seriously and far, far better than the over praised A Beautiful Mind.Hawking truly was a beautiful mind.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 69
|
https://www.tedmills.com/2015/01/the-theory-of-eddie-affable-actor-eddie-redmayne-on-becoming-stephen-hawking/
|
en
|
The theory of Eddie: Affable actor Eddie Redmayne on becoming Stephen Hawking
|
[
"https://i0.wp.com/www.tedmills.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/2331760.jpeg?resize=300%2C360&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.tedmills.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/2331761.jpeg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/live.staticflickr.com/65535/51951995112_a48e3681d5_s.jpg?w=648&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/live.staticflickr.com/65535/51953579665_9aabd5cfda_s.jpg?w=648&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/live.staticflickr.com/31337/50585783546_6d8c63de8f_s.jpg?w=648&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/live.staticflickr.com/31337/50509904903_0185bae9e6_s.jpg?w=648&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.tedmills.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/1-coop-distorto1.jpg?fit=300%2C169&ssl=1",
"https://www.tedmills.com/wp-includes/images/rss.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2015-01-24T03:13:28+00:00
|
When Eddie Redmayne picks up the phone, he’s got handlers waiting outside, already prepared to take him to rehearsal. He’s had a full morning. On this particular Thursday, Oscar nominat…
|
en
|
Ted Mills
|
https://www.tedmills.com/2015/01/the-theory-of-eddie-affable-actor-eddie-redmayne-on-becoming-stephen-hawking/
|
When Eddie Redmayne picks up the phone, he’s got handlers waiting outside, already prepared to take him to rehearsal. He’s had a full morning. On this particular Thursday, Oscar nominations have been announced and his portrayal of astrophysicist and all-around genius Stephen Hawking has earned him a Best Actor nomination and his co-star Felicity Jones, who plays Mr. Hawking’s wife Jane, a Best Actress nomination.
“I was in Los Angeles and asleep and I was woken up with this rapping on the door, and it was my manager at the hotel with a phone with a cacophony of screams from the team of people who have been supporting me for years,” he says. “I went from naught to 100 in the space of three seconds. I’ve been flying on adrenaline ever since.”
And rightly so. His portrayal of Mr. Hawking, from able-bodied to wheelchair-bound, but with a mind that can take in worlds beyond ours, is the centerpiece of “The Theory of Everything,” which has also earned nominations for Best Picture, Best Original Score and Best Adapted Screenplay. The two leads will be appearing this coming Thursday at the Arlington as they accept the Santa Barbara International Film Festival’s Cinema Vanguard Award. Mr. Redmayne will be returning to SBIFF after two years— he received a Virtuoso Award for his work on “Les Misérables.”
“Felicity and I have both been over the moon,” says Mr. Redmayne. “Felicity and I have been friends for a long time and we really, I think she’s such a formidable actress. We pushed each other so much on this film. It was an amazing partnership.”
For the two actors, it was a partnership they had never been able to explore until this film. Both auditioned for roles they never got, and both worked at the Donmar Warehouse Theatre under Michael Grandage. It was Mr. Grandage who in 2011 had cast Mr. Redmayne in Shakespeare’s Richard II, a role he says was challenging only because of the historical weight of the previous actors— Ian McKellen and John Gielgud— who had taken on the role.
But nothing really prepared Mr. Redmayne for the demands of this role. “The Theory of Everything” charts Stephen Hawking’s battle with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which has left him with a mind that can chart the cosmos, but a body that can barely move. He communicates through a computer that can read very small muscular movements. For Mr. Redmayne, he had to slowly reduce everything in his actor’s arsenal, working with his eyes and that smile. Later in the film, Mr. Hawking has to let Jane know that he’s leaving her, and Mr. Redmayne achieves it through the most minimal of ways.
“It was totally heartbreaking playing that scene, as it was in real time,” he says. “Each take was 15 minutes long. It was a long day, but it was a very intense one . . . It was all Stephen had, those few muscles that he could use for expression. What he was doing, where he’s looking, the choice of words he uses and when he presses play. The intonation, the gesture, the physicality is not available to him. He has to write them out before he says them. He cannot intonate a softness or a gentleness.”
Mr. Redmayne met with Stephen Hawking and his family before the film, and the astrophysicist came to set as well.
“The main thing I took away was his strength of character, his charisma and this lord of misrule quality, this mischief,” the actor says. “Above and beyond, there were a few facts he gave me, but it was this optimism above all else. He always finds humor and when he smiles the world is a greater place.” And Mr. Hawking’s final gift to the film was the rights to use the patented computer voice that has become the man’s trademark.
On the morning of the nomination, Mr. Redmayne had already talked to his co-star Ms. Jones and quickly done a press junket with her. Their friendship can definitely be seen there up on the screen.
“Felicity and I both love research, we both love rehearsals, we both love talking about it,” he says. “It was lovely to be on the same page with someone. And then to sort of throw it away in a sense. You do your homework and you hope it’s in your gut and registered in you.”
Santa Barbara International Film Festival Cinema Vanguard Award:
Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones
When: 8 p.m. Thursday
Where: Arlington Theatre, 1317 State St.
Cost: $20
Information: (805) 963-0023, www.sbiff.org
(Visited 174 times, 1 visits today)
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 45
|
https://www.marklitwak.com/movie-merchandising.html
|
en
|
Movie Merchandising
|
[
"https://www.marklitwak.com/uploads/2/2/1/9/22193936/mybadge-3_orig.png",
"https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/ui/images1/visitor/arrow3_trans.gif",
"https://imgssl.constantcontact.com/ui/images1/safe_subscribe_logo.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
With the release of such movies as A Bug's Life and Toy Story , the incestuous relationship between products and movies has come full circle. With Toy Story we have a movie about toys -- some new as...
|
en
|
Entertainment Law Resources
|
https://www.marklitwak.com/movie-merchandising.html
| ||||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 10
|
https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/2013
|
en
|
2013
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/0/04/Sofia_the_First_Poster.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20140123114759
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/0/04/Sofia_the_First_Poster.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20140123114759
|
[
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20240701115644",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20240701115644",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/0/04/Sofia_the_First_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20140123114759",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/3/3c/Oz-The-Great-And-Powerful-2013.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20130905114452",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/0/06/KHHD_COVER.jpeg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20130125152020",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/0/01/Wizards-Return.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20160508221410",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/0/01/Wizards-Return.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20160508221410",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/6/63/Kingdom_Keepers_VI_Dark_Passage.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20120731200516",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/6/63/Kingdom_Keepers_VI_Dark_Passage.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20120731200516",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/c/c0/Iron_Man_3_theatrical_poster_2.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20160503162350",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/c/c0/Iron_Man_3_theatrical_poster_2.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20160503162350",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/9/9b/Monsters-university-poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20140318031426",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/9/9b/Monsters-university-poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20140318031426",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/1/18/Ole.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20141224052731",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/1/18/Ole.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20141224052731",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/1/12/Mickeymouse2013.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20130329231913",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/1/12/Mickeymouse2013.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20130329231913",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/2/20/Teen_Beach_Movie_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20160106045439",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/2/20/Teen_Beach_Movie_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20160106045439",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/e/e7/PLANES_FILM_VertPoster_550_11.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20160114235731",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/e/e7/PLANES_FILM_VertPoster_550_11.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20160114235731",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/8/8b/2013_-_Hulk_and_The_Agents_of_Smash.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20140525024535",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/8/8b/2013_-_Hulk_and_The_Agents_of_Smash.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20140525024535",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/2/2f/DuckTales_Remastered_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20130606213730",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/2/2f/DuckTales_Remastered_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20130606213730",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/e/e5/Disney-Infinity-logo.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20130116142111",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/e/e5/Disney-Infinity-logo.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20130116142111",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/7/72/Wander1.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20120826160049",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/7/72/Wander1.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20120826160049",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/e/e1/Castleofillusionremake.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20130808204135",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/e/e1/Castleofillusionremake.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20130808204135",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/a/a2/Tst_temp2.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20130406024924",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/a/a2/Tst_temp2.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20130406024924",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/3/38/The_Fifth_Estate.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20240429223703",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/3/38/The_Fifth_Estate.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20240429223703",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/9/93/Thor_The_Dark_World_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20160520222012",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/9/93/Thor_The_Dark_World_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20160520222012",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/c/c7/The_Floating_Palace_-_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20131108124523",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/c/c7/The_Floating_Palace_-_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20131108124523",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/c/c3/Get-a-Horse.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20130606212642",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/c/c3/Get-a-Horse.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20130606212642",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/a/a4/Frozen_poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20151022215224",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/a/a4/Frozen_poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20151022215224",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/0/0d/Saving_Mr._Banks_Theatrical_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20141030201538",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/0/0d/Saving_Mr._Banks_Theatrical_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20141030201538",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/9/97/Photocopie6.jpeg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20120902005103",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/9/97/Photocopie6.jpeg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20120902005103",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/0/0f/20130501_516853.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20130501224303",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/0/0f/20130501_516853.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20130501224303",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/d/de/Merida-s-Coronation-Invitation-disney-princess-34327441-600-559.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20130425214625",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/d/de/Merida-s-Coronation-Invitation-disney-princess-34327441-600-559.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/250?cb=20130425214625",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/6a181c72-e8bf-419b-b4db-18fd56a0eb60",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/6c42ce6a-b205-41f5-82c6-5011721932e7",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/464fc70a-5090-490b-b47e-0759e89c263f",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f7bb9d33-4f9a-4faa-88fe-2a0bd8138668"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Disney Wiki"
] |
2024-07-12T14:06:28+00:00
|
An overview of all Disney-related events that occurred in the year 2013. March 8 - Oz the Great and Powerful is released to mixed reviews. May 3 - Iron Man 3 is released to positive reviews. May 4 - Cinderella and Pocahontas premieres at the Montclair Film Festival. June 21 - Monsters University...
|
en
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/disney/images/4/4a/Site-favicon.ico/revision/latest?cb=20210616080713
|
Disney Wiki
|
https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/2013
|
An overview of all Disney-related events that occurred in the year 2013.
Theatrical releases[]
Feature films[]
March 8 - Oz the Great and Powerful is released to mixed reviews.
May 3 - Iron Man 3 is released to positive reviews.
May 4 - Cinderella and Pocahontas premieres at the Montclair Film Festival.
June 21 - Monsters University is released to positive reviews.
July 3 - The Lone Ranger is released to negative reviews.
August 9 - Planes is released to negative reviews but is a box-office success.
September 13 - The Little Mermaid is re-issued in 3D at the El Capitan Theatre for a one-month limited engagement.
September 20 - The Little Mermaid: Second Screen Live is released in theaters.
September 28 - The Wind Rises (New York Film Festival)
October 10 - The Wind Rises (Hawaii Film Festival)
October 18 - The Fifth Estate is released to mixed reviews.
November 8
The Wind Rises (AFI Fest; Los Angeles, California; New York City, New York)
Thor: The Dark World is released to mixed-to-positive reviews.
November 9 - Mary Poppins premieres at the American Film Institute Festival.
November 22 - Delivery Man is released to mixed reviews.
November 27 - Frozen is released to positive reviews and becomes a box office success.
December 20 - Saving Mr. Banks is released to positive reviews.
Shorts[]
January 8 - Captain Sparky vs. The Flying Saucers
June 21 - The Blue Umbrella
August 9 - Croissant de Triomphe
November 27 - Get A Horse!
Events[]
March 3 - The Broadway production of Mary Poppins closes after a run of over six years.
March 6 - EPCOT International Flower and Garden Festival is held until May 19, marking its 20th anniversary.
May 11 - Merida joins the Disney Princess Line-up with a coronation ceremony.[1]
August 1 - Production begins on Miles from Tomorrowland.[2]
August 9 - The D23 Expo is held until August 11 in Anaheim, California.
September 19 - Toontown Online, Pirates of the Caribbean Online, and Pixie Hollow close.
September 27 - EPCOT International Food and Wine Festival is held run until November 11.
October 12 - The D23 Expo is held until October 14 at the Tokyo Disney Resort.[3]
November 28 - The Buzz Lightyear balloon makes his 6th and final appearance in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade.
November 29 - EPCOT Holidays Around the World is held run until December 30.
December 6 - The Walt Disney Studios purchases the remaining distribution and marketing rights to future Indiana Jones films, while Paramount will continue to distribute the first four films for Disney, and will receive "financial participation" from any additional films.
Theme parks and resorts[]
January 14 - Sweet Duffy 2013 begins at Tokyo DisneySea.
March 12 - The Fantasy Faire area opens in Fantasyland at Disneyland.
March 14 - Sweet Duffy 2013 ends at Tokyo DisneySea.
March 18 - Mickey & Duffy's Spring Voyage 2013 begins at Tokyo DisneySea.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]
April 15 - Tokyo Disneyland and Tokyo Disney Resort celebrates its 30th anniversary, dubbed "The Happiness Year".
Happiness is Here Parade at Tokyo Disneyland, made its debut as part of the celebrations.
Happiness Greeting on the Sea, a nautical-themed show at Tokyo DisneySea, made its debut as part of the celebrations.[21][22][23][24][25][26][27]
April 22 - Disney's Animal Kingdom celebrates its 15th anniversary.
May 7 - Star Tours: The Adventures Continue opens in Tomorrowland at Tokyo Disneyland, as part of Tokyo Disney Resort's 30th anniversary celebration.
May 17 - Mystic Point opens at Hong Kong Disneyland.
June 30 - Mickey & Duffy's Spring Voyage 2013 ends at Tokyo DisneySea, as part of Tokyo Disney Resort's 30th anniversary celebration.
July 8
Disney Summer Festival and Disney's Natsu Matsuri begin at Tokyo DisneySea and Tokyo Disneyland, respectively. Minnie's Tropical Splash debuts, as part of Tokyo Disney Resort's 30th anniversary celebration.
Pandora: The World of Avatar at Disney's Animal Kingdom starts construction.
September 9 - Disney's Halloween 2013 begins at Tokyo Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea, which is part of Tokyo Disney Resort's 30th anniversary celebration.
October 31 - Glow in the Park Halloween Parade ends at Hong Kong Disneyland.
December 15 - Pirates of the Caribbean marks its 40th anniversary at the Magic Kingdom.[28]
Cruise ships[]
March 17 - Disney Cruise Line celebrated its 15th anniversary.
Television[]
January 7
Motorcity ends its run on Disney XD.
Switched at Birth begins its second season on ABC Family.
January 11 - Sofia the First premieres on the Disney Channel and Disney Jr..
January 20 - Good Luck Charlie ended its third season on the Disney Channel.
January 28 - Tron: Uprising ends its run on Disney XD.
February 14 - Handy Manny airs its final episode on Disney Jr..
February 18 - Pair of Kings airs its final episode on Disney XD.
February 25 - Lab Rats begins its second season on Disney XD.
March 8 - Mickey Mouse Clubhouse: Quest for the Crystal Mickey premieres on the Disney Channel and Disney Jr..
March 13 - The pilot episode of Binny and the Ghost premieres on Disney Channel Germany.
March 15 - A final Wizards of Waverly Place special airs on the Disney Channel.
March 22 - Cars Toons: Tales from Radiator Springs premieres.
March 28 - Disney Cinemagic ceases operations in the United Kingdom and is succeeded by Sky Movies Disney.
April 14 - Imagination Movers airs its final episode on Disney Jr..
April 15 - Henry Hugglemonster premieres on Disney Jr..
April 26 - A.N.T. Farm ends its second season on the Disney Channel.
April 28 - Good Luck Charlie began its fourth and final season on the Disney Channel.
May 3 - Doc McStuffins ends its first season on the Disney Channel.
May 12 - Once Upon a Time ends its second season on ABC.
May 17 - Fish Hooks ends its second season on the Disney Channel.
May 26 - A preview of Marvel's Avengers Assemble is shown on Disney XD.
May 29 - Baby Daddy begins its second season on ABC Family.
May 31 - A.N.T. Farm began its third and final season on the Disney Channel.
June 3 - The Fosters premieres on ABC.
June 7 - The third and final season of Fish Hooks premieres on the Disney Channel.
June 28 - Mickey Mouse premieres on the Disney Channel.
July 7 - Marvel's Avengers Assemble premieres on Disney XD.
July 19 - Teen Beach Movie premieres on Disney Channel to 8.4 million viewers. Liv and Maddie airs a preview episode afterward.
August 2 - Gravity Falls concludes its first season.
August 11 - Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. premieres on Disney XD.
August 16 - Phineas and Ferb: Mission Marvel premieres on the Disney Channel. Wander Over Yonder airs a preview episode afterward.
August 25 - Dog with a Blog concludes its first season.
September 6 - Doc McStuffins begins its second season on the Disney Channel.
September 13
Jessie concludes its second season.
Wander Over Yonder premieres on the Disney Channel.
September 15 - Liv and Maddie premieres on the Disney Channel.
September 20
Mickey Mouse Clubhouse: The Wizard of Dizz premieres on the Disney Channel and Disney Jr..
Dog with a Blog begins its second season on the Disney Channel.
September 24 - Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. premieres on ABC.
September 29
Austin & Ally concludes its second season.
Jake and the Never Land Pirates: Jake's Never Land Rescue premieres on the Disney Channel.
Once Upon a Time begins its third season on ABC.
October 3 - Scandal begins its third season on ABC.
October 5 - Jessie begins its third season on the Disney Channel.
October 16 - Toy Story of Terror! airs on ABC.
October 18 - Mickey Mouse Clubhouse: Super Adventure! premieres on the Disney Channel and Disney Jr..
October 27 - Austin & Ally begins its third season.
November 10 - Shake It Up airs its final episode on the Disney Channel.
November 24 - Sofia the First: The Floating Palace premiered on the Disney Channel.
November 28 - Lady Gaga & the Muppets' Holiday Spectacular airs on ABC.
November 29
Good Luck Jessie: NYC Christmas premieres on the Disney Channel.
Mickey Mouse airs on Disney XD for the first time.
December 6 - Jake and the Never Land Pirates concludes its second season on the Disney Channel.
December 13 - Sheriff Callie's Wild West premieres as a sneak preview on Disney Jr..
December 31 - SOAPnet discontinues programming on all cable and satellite providers at 11:59 EST.
Albums[]
January 29
Disney Favorites
Disney's Karaoke Series: Shake It Up
February 12
Sofia the First
Club Penguin: Party Starts Now
March 5 - Songs & Story: Wreck-It Ralph
March 12 - Shake It Up: I <3 Dance
March 19 - Songs & Story: Mulan
June 18
Monsters University
Doc McStuffins: The Doc Is In
Songs & Story: Jake & The Never Land Pirates
Minnie's Favorites
June 25 - The Lone Ranger
July 16
Teen Beach Movie
Disney's Karaoke Series: Teen Beach Movie
August 6 - Planes
August 13 - The Muppet Movie
September 10 - Phineas and Ferb: Rockin' and Rollin'
August 20 - Songs & Story: Sofia the First
September 24 - Little Mermaid Greatest Hits
October 15 - Jake & The Never Land Pirates: Yo Ho Matey!
November 26 - Frozen
December 10 - Saving Mr. Banks
December 17 - Austin & Ally: Turn It Up
Comics[]
Reprint collections[]
May 16 - The Complete Carl Barks Disney Library - Volume 6: Donald Duck: The Old Castle's Secret
May 20 - Mickey Mouse: The Floyd Gottfredson Library, Color Sundays - Volume 1: Call of the Wild
October 10 - Mickey Mouse: The Floyd Gottfredson Library, Color Sundays - Volume 2: Robin Hood Rides Again
November 10 - The Complete Carl Barks Disney Library - Volume 5: Donald Duck: Christmas on Bear Mountain
Books[]
January 2 - The Muppets: For the Love of Piggy
January 8 - Alice in Wonderland, Bambi's Hide and Seek, Jasmine and the Star of Persia, Doc McStuffins: Run Down Race Car, Doc McStuffins: Bubble Trouble, Doc McStuffins: Caught Blue-Handed, Doc McStuffins: Loud Louie, Disney Fairies: In a Blink, Disney Fairies: A Space Between, Jake and the Never Land Pirates: A Noisy Treasure, Planes Junior Novelization, A Princess Easter, Jasmine: The Jewel Orchard, Mulan, Phineas and Ferb: Destination: Amazon!, Wreck-It Ralph: Candy Karts, Wreck-It Ralph: Fast Kart, Slow Kart, Peter Pan, and Peter Pan Read-Along Storybook and CD
January 10 - Club Penguin: Agent Rookie's Secret Mission
January 15 - Disney Princess Read-Along Storybook and CD, Mickey Mouse Clubhouse: Top O'The Clubhouse, and Phineas and Ferb: The Sky's the Limit!
January 22 - Mickey & Friends: Goofy at Bat: A Rhyming Reader, Mickey & Friends: Mickey's Birthday, and Oz (Film) Junior Novel
January 29 - Shake It Up!: Step by Step
February 5 - Disney 5-Minute Fairy Tales, Disney It's A Small World: Around-the-World Safari, Oz the Great and Powerful Junior Novel, The Witches of Oz, and The Muppets: Easter Eggstravaganza!
February 12 - Disney Princess: P is for Princess and Phineas and Ferb: Boggie Down
February 19 - Cars: Take-Along Tales, Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse Tales: Classic Stories, Spider-Man's Greatest Battles, and Avengers's Greatest Battles
February 26 - The Disney Difference
March 1 - Aladdin - Wishes Can Come True, Learn to Draw Disney's Enchanted Princesses, and Aladdin: Moonlight Ride
March 5 - The Art of Oz the Great and Powerful, Jake and the Never Land Pirates Read-Along Storybook and CD, Jake and the Never Land Pirates: Save Me, Smee!, Mickey & Friends: Goofy at Bat: A Rhyming Reader, Mickey & Friends: Mickey's Birthday, and Jake and the Never Land Pirates: The Key to Skull Rock
March 12 - Minnie's Bow-Toons: Blooming Bows
March 19 - Iron Man's Greatest Battles, The Story of Iron Man, and Disney Buddies: Meet the Buddies
March 26 - How to Act Like a Kid and Jake and the Never Land Pirates: Mama Hook Knows Best: A Pirate Parent's Favorite Fables
April 2 - Kingdom Keepers VI: Dark Passage, Iron Man 3 Junior Novel, Iron Man Fights Back, Iron Man : Suits of Armor, and The Muppets: Fozzie's Funny Business
April 9 - Disney Princess: Tiara Time
April 16 - Minnie's Big Bow Party
May 7 - Phineas and Ferb: Doodle-Inator, Teen Beach Movie junior novel, Frankenweenie: A Graphic Novel, and Tomorrowland: A Graphic Novel
May 14 - Monsters University junior novel, This Is Monstropolis!, Monsters University Read-Along Storybook and CD, Marvel's Iron Man 3: The Art of the Movie Slipcase, Monsters, Inc. Storybook Collection, and Tales of a Sixth-Grade Muppet: When Pigs Fly
May 16 - Hidden Mickeys: A Field Guide to Walt Disney World's Best Kept Secrets
May 21 - The Lone Ranger Junior Novelization
May 28 - Doc McStuffins: All Stuffed Up and Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse Tales: Classic Stories
June 4 - Disney Jake & the Never Land Pirates Yo Ho! Let's Go!
June 11 - Mickey & Friends: Donald Takes a Trip
June 15 - Disney Pixar: Planes: Look and Find and Sofia the First: The Perfect Tea Party
June 18 - Doc McStuffins: Engine Nine, Feelin' Fine!, The Son of Sobek
June 25 - Cars: Driving School
July 2 - Doc McStuffins: The Mermaid Dives In, Percy Jackson and the Olympians: The Sea of Monsters Graphic Novel, Disney Planes: The Essential Guide, Planes Built For Speed, Part of Their World, Planes Junior Novelization, Planes Read-Along Storybook and CD, and Planes: Dusty's Great Race
July 9 - Baby Einstein: Who Is That? and Ultimate Spider-Man: Why I Hate Gym
July 23 - Disney Buddies: The Halloween Visitor, Jake and the Neverland Pirates: The Pirate Pup, Jake and the Never Land Pirates: Trick or Treasure?, Phineas and Ferb: Invasion of the Evil Platypus Clones / Night of the Giant Floating Baby Head, Rapunzel's Royal Wedding/Belle's Royal Wedding, Princesses and Puppies, Sofia the First: The Perfect Tea Party, Five Tales from the Road, Cars: Time Travel Mater, Disney Princess: Princesses and Puppies, Phineas and Ferb: Science Nerds Rule!, Cars: Deputy Mater Saves the Day!, Phineas and Ferb: Ghost Stories, Phineas and Ferb: Lights, Camera, Perry?, Doc McStuffins: Boomer Gets His Bounce Back, Winnie the Pooh: Pooh's Halloween Pumpkin, The Little Mermaid Junior novelization, and Princess Adventure Stories
July 30 - The Little Mermaid Read-Along Storybook and CD, Minnie & Daisy Best Friends Forever: Dance Jitters, Sofia the First Read-Along Storybook and CD: Once Upon a Princess, and Sofia the First: The Halloween Ball
August 1 - Learn to Draw Disney's The Little Mermaid: Learn to Draw Ariel, Sebastian, Flounder, Ursula, and Other Favorite Characters Step by Step!
August 6 - Jessie: New Nanny
August 13 - Disney Buddies: Budderball's First Fair, Doc McStuffins: Brontosaurus Breath, and Sofia the First: All Croaked Up
August 20
The Gumazing Gum Girl! Book 1: Chews Your Destiny
Disney Princess Enchanted Stables: The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Baby Beau
August 27 - The Kree-Skrull War
September 3 - The Beast Within: A Tale of Beauty's Prince, Doc McStuffins Read-Along Storybook and CD: Doctoring the Doc, Shake It Up: Born to Dance, and Sofia the First: Ready to be a Princess
September 10 - Christmas in the Castle, Doc McStuffins: Jingle Bell Doc, Merry Christmas, Woody, Mickey Mouse Clubhouse: Super Adventure, Phineas and Ferb: Not a Creature Was Stirring, Except for a Platypus, Doc McStuffins: Snowman Surprise, and Sofia the First: Holiday in Enchancia
September 12 - Handsome Heroes and Vile Villains: Masculinity in Disney's Feature Films
September 17 - Tiana: The Stolen Jewel, Doc McStuffins: Doctor Bag, and Jake and the Never Land Pirates: Mama Hook Knows Best: A Pirate Parent's Favorite Fables
September 24 - Sofia the First The Floating Palace, Super Buddies Junior Novel, and The Muppets: Bunsen and Beaker Save the Show
October 1 - Spider-Man: Spidey's New Costume, Learn to Draw Your Favorite Disney/Pixar Characters: Featuring Woody, Buzz Lightyear, Lightning McQueen, Mater, and other favorite characters, Tinker Bell: An Evolution, Frozen Junior Novelization, Frozen Read-Along Storybook and CD, Frozen: A Sister More Like Me, 5-Minute Snuggle Stories, Wreck-It Ralph: President Vanellope's First Year, The Disney Princess Cookbook, and Disney Frozen The Icy Journey
October 8 - Doc McStuffins: Chilly Catches a Cold, It's Your Call: Phineas and Ferb: It's Your Call: Secret Agent Showdown, Jake and the Never Land Pirates: Bucky Makes a Splash, Thor: The Dark World Junior Novel, Mickey & Friends: Goofy's Sledding Contest, Minnie: Case of the Missing Sparkle-izer, and Heroes of Olympus: House Of Hades
October 15 - Disney Infinity: Infinite Possibilities
October 29 - Jerry Bruckheimer: When Lightning Strikes: Four Decades of Film making, Sofia the First: The Royal Games
November 5 - Secrets of Walt Disney World: Weird and Wonderful Facts about the Most Magical Place on Earth
November 12 - Phineas and Ferb: Let's Bounce!
December 3 - Jessie: Crush Crazy
December 17 - Disney Buddies: Puppy Love, Minnie: Be My Sparkly Valentine, and Minnie: Minnie's Valentine
Video games[]
March 14 - Kingdom Hearts HD 1.5 ReMIX (in Japan)
July 18 - Kingdom Hearts χ (PC) (in Japan)
August 1 - Disney Magical World (in Japan)
August 6 - Planes (3DS, DS, Wii U, Wii)
August 13 - DuckTales Remastered (Wii U, PC, and PS3), Phineas and Ferb: Quest for Cool Stuff (Wii, Wii U, Xbox 360, DS, 3DS)
August 18 - Disney Infinity (Wii, Wii U, Xbox 360, IOS, PC/Mac, 3DS, PlayStation 3)
September 2 - Castle of Illusion starring Mickey Mouse (PlayStation Network, Xbox Live, Microsoft Windows)
September 10 - Kingdom Hearts HD I.5 ReMIX (In North America and Europe) (PlayStation 3)
September 12 - Where's My Water? 2 (iOS, Android)
November 12 - DuckTales Remastered (Xbox 360, Wii U, and PS3 retail version)
November 26 - Disney Infinity's Frozen and Toy Story packs were released. The 2nd series of Power Discs were released as well.
Merchandise[]
January 21 - Souffle, the Disney UniBEARsity bear, based on the likeness of the Cheshire Cat is released to celebrate its 2nd anniversary.
March - The "Chogokin (Super Alloy) King Robot Mickey & Friends" figure goes on sale, only in Japan.[29][30]
July 6 - Melon and Soda, Mike and Sulley's teddy bears, are released for the Disney UniBEARsity line, for the release of Monsters University in Japan.[31]
September 9 - Duffy's Fun Halloween, a Halloween-themed merchandise line for Duffy and ShellieMay, are released at Tokyo DisneySea.[32]
October 5 - Maple & Syrup, UniBEARsity teddy bears for Pluto and his Quin-puplets are released.[33]
November 7 - Santa's Coming Tonight, a Christmas themed merchandise line for Duffy and ShellieMay, is released at Tokyo DisneySea.
Home video releases[]
DVD and Blu-ray releases[]
January 8 - Frankenweenie[34][35][36]
February 5 - Peter Pan: Diamond Edition[37][38][39]
February 19 - Monsters, Inc. 3D
March 5 - Wreck-It Ralph
March 12
Who Framed Roger Rabbit: 25th Anniversary Edition (Touchstone Home Entertainment)
Brother Bear 2-Movie Collection
The Hunchback of Notre Dame 2-Movie Collection
Mulan 2-Movie Collection
March 26 - Lincoln (Touchstone Home Entertainment)
April 2 - The Avengers: 10-Disc Blu-ray Collection (Marvel Studios)
April 16 - Wings of Life
May 21
My Neighbor Totoro
Howl's Moving Castle
June 11
Oz the Great and Powerful
The Emperor's New Groove 2-Movie Collection
Atlantis: The Lost Empire 2-Movie Collection
Lilo & Stitch 2-Movie Collection
August 6
Oliver & Company: 25th Anniversary Edition
The Sword in the Stone: 50th Anniversary Edition
Robin Hood: 40th Anniversary Edition
August 13
The Muppet Movie: The Nearly 35th Anniversary Edition
Once Upon a Time: The Complete Second Season (ABC Studios)
August 20 - Return to Never Land: Special Edition
August 27
The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh
Super Buddies
September 10 - The Nightmare Before Christmas: 20th Anniversary Edition
September 24 - Iron Man 3
October 1 - The Little Mermaid: Diamond Edition
October 29
Cars 3D: Ultimate Collector's Edition
Monsters University
November 5
Mickey's Christmas Carol: 30th Anniversary Edition
Winnie the Pooh: A Very Merry Pooh Year
November 19
Planes
The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea & Ariel's Beginning 2-Movie Collection
December 3 - Iron Man & Hulk: Heroes United
December 10
Mary Poppins: 50th Anniversary Edition
Muppet Treasure Island & The Great Muppet Caper 2-Movie Collection
December 17 - The Lone Ranger
DVD only releases[]
February 5 - Cougar Town: The Complete Third Season (ABC Studios)
February 19 - The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes: Volume 6
February 26 - Phineas and Ferb: Animal Agents
March 25
Sofia the First: Once Upon a Princess,
The Weekenders: Volume 1 and Volume 2
April 30 - Goof Troop: Volume 1 and Volume 2
May 7
Finding Nemo
Monsters, Inc.
Doc McStuffins: Time for Your Check Up
Private Practice: The Complete Sixth Season (ABC Studios)
May 21 - Mickey Mouse Clubhouse: Quest for the Crystal Mickey!
June 11 - Mickey Mouse Clubhouse: Minnie's The Wizard of Dizz
June 18
Shake It Up: Mix It Up, Laugh it Up
Good Luck Charlie: Enjoy the Ride
Little Einsteins: The Incredible Shrinking Adventure
Body Of Proof: The Complete Third Season (ABC Studios)
June 25
The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex
Gargoyles: Season 2, Volume 2
TaleSpin: Volume 3
June 28 - Red Widow: The Complete First Season (ABC Studios)
July 30 - Teen Beach Movie
August 20
Pixie Hollow Games: Pixie Party Edition (DVD)
Peter Pan: Diamond Edition
Revenge: The Complete Second Season (ABC Studios)
August 27 - Grey's Anatomy: The Complete Ninth Season (ABC Studios)
September 3 - Scandal: The Complete Second Season (ABC Studios)
September 10
Castle: The Complete Fifth Season (ABC Studios)
Army Wives: The Complete Seventh Season (ABC Studios)
September 17
Sofia the First: Ready to Be a Princess
Nashville: The Complete First Season (ABC Studios)
September 24 - The Neighbors: The Complete First Season (ABC Studios)
October 1 - Phineas and Ferb: Mission Marvel
October 8 - Marvel's Avengers Assemble: Assembly Required
October 15 - Gravity Falls: Six Strange Tales
November 19 - Jake and the Never Land Pirates: Jake's Never Land Rescue
December 3
The Little Mermaid: Diamond Edition
Mickey Mouse Clubhouse: Super Adventure!
December 24 - The Adventures of the Gummi Bears, DuckTales, Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers, TaleSpin, and Darkwing Duck DVD sets from 2005-2007 are reissued in slimmer packaging.
Character debuts[]
January 11 - Prince Hugo, Minimus, Princess Hildegard, Stuart Wooten
January 13 - Logan Hunter, Kira Starr, Rebecca Davis, Lucy, Greg Mendell
January 21 - Souffle
January 27 - Karl Fink, Maddie, Mr. Beeds
February 1 - Goodwin the Great, Winifred the Wise
February 10 - Jacqueline
February 11 - Gerry, Gretchen
February 15 - Gremloblin
February 17 - Elliot, Seer
February 22 - Princess Vivian, Crackle, Queen Cecily
March 1 - Lyla Lolliberry, Professor Bannister, Mr. Poolcheck
March 2 - Liam McCracken
March 3 - Tamara
March 4 - Dickie, Mac Antfee
March 8 - China Girl, Oz, Evanora the Wicked Witch of the East, Finley, Glinda the Good Witch of the South, Theodora the Wicked Witch of the West, Winged Baboons, Winkie Guards
March 10 - King Xavier
March 11 - Franz Nukid, S. Ward Smith, Brent
March 14 - Miss Mary Elizabeth Zingwald
March 15 - Mermando, Evil Alex, Freedo
March 18 - Tengu, Jack Hammer, Security Guard
March 24 - The Dragon
March 25 - Jacques
April 5 - Sev'ral Timez, Morg
April 7 - Chuck McCoy, Kimmy, Robert
April 12 - Emperor Quon
April 15 - Henry Hugglemonster, Estelle Enormomonster, Daddo Hugglemonster, Momma Hugglemonster, Grando Hugglemonster, Ivor Hugglemonster, Summer Hugglemonster, Cobby Hugglemonster, Eduardo Enormomonster, Ernestine Enormomonster, Denzel Dugglemonster
April 16 - Maude Dugglemonster
April 26 - Carla, Rex, Graham
April 28 - Brie Gimmlestaub, Trish, Remy
May 3 - Trevor Slattery, Aldrich Killian, Maya Hansen, Harley Keener, President Matthew Ellis, Bronty
May 12 - Kristen Wibbler, Lauren Dabney, Dustin Pitt
May 17 - Prince Jin, Empress Lin-Lin, Prince Khalid, Henry Mystic, Mary Oceaneer, Prof. R. Blauerhimmel, Charlton J. Taboret, Dr. J.L. Baterista, Albert the Monkey, Maestro D'Elfman, Chinese Dragon Statue, Chinese Armor, Carnivorous Plant, Samurai Armor, Lava Idol, Warrior Idols, Monkey King Statue, Officer Zzzzyxxx
May 31 - Lucinda, Commander John Evenrude, Seth Wiseman
May - Allie
June 2 - Country Kitty, Glamour Kitty
June 7 - Don, Winter Maddox
June 8 - The Hawk
June 11 - Woodles
June 13 - Madam Ubetcha
June 14 - Pip the Pirate Genie
June 17 - Adam Henderson, Bree Henderson, Chase Henderson, Agent Gordon (Parallel Universe)
June 21 - Art, Don Carlton, Terri and Terry, Scott "Squishy" Squibbles, Carrie Williams, Archie the Scare Pig, Claire Wheeler, Brock Pearson, Dean Hardscrabble, Professor Knight, Mrs. Squibbles, Chet Alexander, Johnny Worthington III, Carla Benitez, Margaret Gesner, Slug Monster Student, Rosie Levin, Javier Rios, Blue Umbrella, Red Umbrella
June 24 - Douglas Davenport
June 28 - Gale Gustavo, Pterodactyl
June 29 - Disciplinarian
June 30 - Mickey's Scooter
July 3 - John Reid, Tonto, Butch Cavendish, Latham Cole, Rebecca Reid, Red Harrington, Dan Reid, Danny Reid, Captain Jay Fuller, Max the Engineer
July 6 - Melon & Soda
July 12 - Bill Cipher, Jasper, Onyx and Opal, Filbrick Pines, Dixon Ticonderoga
July 14 - Monty Cathcart
July 19 - McKenzie, Brady, Tanner, Lela, Butchy, CheeChee, Les Camembert, Dr. Fusion, Liv Rooney, Maddie Rooney, Joey Rooney, Parker Rooney, Pete Rooney, Karen Rooney, Diggie Smalls
July 20 - Rhymez
July 21 - Nora James, Masseuse
July 22 - Clayton Harrington
July 26 - Gubbles, Cat
July 27 - Braedon
July 28 - Nicholas Gimmlestaub, Yvonne, Riley
August 2 - Baby Panda, Abuelita, Meg and Peg, Helen Hanshaw
August 9 - Chug, Dusty Crophopper, Dottie, Leadbottom, Ned & Zed, Ripslinger, Bulldog
August 11 - Ivy
August 16 - Wander, Sylvia, Lord Hater, Peepers, Watchdogs, Emperor Awesome, Fist Fighters
August 20 - Gum Girl, Rico Gomez, Natalie Gooch, Robo-Chef, Mrs. Gomez, Ravi Rodriguez, Ms. Smoot, Fillmore School Students, Citizens, The Mayor
August 23 - Miss Nettle, Prince Desmond
August 25 - Ian Calloway, Rick Stewart, Kelly Stewart, Darcy Stewart
August 27 - Megasis/Captain Canine, Princess Jorala, Drex
September 13 - Binglebops, King Bingleborp, Doom Dragon, Col. Prescott, Darla Shannon
September 20 - Wes Manning
September 23 - Terry Perry
September 24 - Melinda May, Skye, Grant Ward, Leo Fitz, Jemma Simmons, Deathlok (Michael Peterson), Ace Peterson
September 27 - Dab
October 1 - Comandante Camilla Reyes
October 4 - Captain Tim
October 5 - Maple & Syrup
October 7 - Kaz, Oliver, Skylar Storm, Alan Diaz, Gus, Blue Tornado, Megahertz, Wallace and Clyde
October 8 - Graviton
October 10 - Cyrus, Dr. Lydgate, Will Scarlet
October 11 - Dr. Young, Walrus Mayor
October 12 - First Ninja
October 13 - Catfish Booray, Judges, Roland
October 15 - Akela Amador
October 16 - Ronald Tompkins, Old Timer, Mr. Jones, Combat Carl, Transitron, Pocketeer, LEGO Bunny
October 17 - Leilani
October 18 - Badlands Dan
October 19 - Catfish Booray
October 20 - Gelata
October 21 - Stefanie
October 22 - Raina, Agent Kwan Chen, Scorch
October 24 - Dress Up Daisy
October 25 - Aunt Tilly
October 26 - Punk-Bots, Terry McFist
October 27 - Liam Jones
November 1 - Troll, Prince Cashmere, Emily Adams, Gator Adams, Mary
November 2 - McFreaks
November 3 - Queen Coralie
November 7 - Elizabeth
November 8 - Malekith the Accursed, Algrim, Dark Elves, Clytius, Akmon, Passalos, Triptolemus, Lynkos, Sciron, Favonius/Zephyros, Cupid, Damasen, Akhlys, Nyx, Hemera, Eris, Geras, Notus/Auster, Psyollos, Leto, Tartarus, Pasiphae, Collector, Carina
November 9 - The Sorceress, Elliot Randolph
November 11 - Robo Perry
November 12 - Victoria Hand
November 19 - Christian Ward
November 24 - Oona, Sven, Queen Emmaline, Plank, Cora
November 27 - Anna, Elsa, Kristoff, Hans, Olaf, Sven, Duke of Weselton, Marshmallow, Oaken, Grand Pabbie, Kai, Erik and Francis, King Agnarr, Queen Iduna, The Bishop of Arendelle, Royal Guards, Trolls
December 6 - Westley the Watchdog, Sigourney Jennings, Sparky Jennings
December 12 - Morten
December 13 - Chrona, Sez, Olive
Steve the Llama
People[]
Births[]
December 27 - Azriel Dalman (actor)
Deaths[]
March 28 - Richard Griffiths (actor)
April 2 - Jane Henson (puppeteer and wife of Jim Henson)
April 4 - Roger Ebert (journalist, film critic, and screenwriter)
April 8 - Annette Funicello (actress, singer, and Mouseketeer)
April 11 - Jonathan Winters (comedian, actor, author, and artist)
May 7 - Ray Harryhausen (visual effects creator, writer, and producer)
May 18 - Arthur Malet (actor)
May 31 - Jean Stapleton (actress and singer)
June 19 - James Gandolfini (actor)
July 28 - Eileen Brennan (actress)
September 28 - Faz Fazakas (special effects designer and puppeteer)
October 25 - Marcia Wallace (actress and comedian)
November 19
Diane Disney Miller (daughter of Walt Disney)
Marc Breaux (dancer, choreographer, and actor)
November 26 - Jane Kean (actress and singer)
November 30 - Paul Walker (actor)
December 14 - Peter O'Toole (actor and voice actor)
December 31 - James Avery (actor, voice actor, and poet)
Business[]
Disney regains the rights to King Louie following the death of Gia Maione Prima, the widow of the original voice actor, Louis Prima.
|
||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 12
|
https://mbird.com/film/the-theology-of-everything-jane-and-stephen-hawking-head-to-the-cross/
|
en
|
The Theology of Everything
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=457312952728293&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=4901504966595667&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://149674310.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/mockingbird/imgs/header-logo-text.png",
"https://149674310.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/mockingbird/imgs/newsletter.jpg",
"https://149674310.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/mockingbird/imgs/facebook.jpg",
"https://149674310.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/mockingbird/imgs/instagram.jpg",
"https://149674310.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/mockingbird/imgs/twitter.jpg",
"https://149674310.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/mockingbird/imgs/logo.png",
"https://149674310.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/mockingbird/imgs/search.png",
"https://149674310.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/mockingbird/imgs/shop.png",
"https://mbird.com/wp-content/themes/mockingbird/imgs/subscribe-orange.png",
"https://149674310.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/mockingbird/imgs/logo-bottom-post.png",
"https://149674310.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/mockingbird/imgs/facebook-bottom.png",
"https://149674310.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/mockingbird/imgs/twitter-bottom.png",
"https://149674310.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/mockingbird/imgs/email-bottom.png",
"https://149674310.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/mockingbird/imgs/support.png",
"https://149674310.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/themes/mockingbird/imgs/footer-logo.png",
"https://149674310.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/subscribe-1.png"
] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Salz7uGp72c?feature=oembed",
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/gYzauKmPvYQ?feature=oembed",
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/3hUaMahxXi8?feature=oembed"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"CJ Green"
] |
2015-03-25T12:40:39+00:00
|
Jane and Stephen Hawking Head to the Cross
|
en
|
https://149674310.v2.pressablecdn.com/favicon.ico
|
Mockingbird
|
https://mbird.com/film/the-theology-of-everything-jane-and-stephen-hawking-head-to-the-cross/
|
The title of the Oscar-nominated movie The Theory of Everything might seem a little ambitious, even ironic in its magnitude, and in some ways it is. The title refers to physicist Stephen Hawking’s initial desire to find what he called a theory of everything, a single equation to explain the creation of the universe and everything in it. Having never settled on such an equation, Stephen’s ambition evokes an inevitable failure but also an unexpected earnestness, because the film’s themes are seemingly endless. Everything’s here: birth and death, science and faith, friendship and love, the mystery of time. Most striking, though, is the persistent beat of a theology of the cross.
The story begins timelessly. Stephen Hawking meets Jane Wilde at Cambridge. She studies arts; he studies science. She loves to dance; he doesn’t. She’s a Christian (“C of E!”); he’s agnostic. Despite being at odds in nearly every conversation, they fall in love. Still, they could never anticipate what happens next: Early in their relationship, Stephen is diagnosed with some form of ALS, or Lou Gehrig’s Disease. They are told his body will deteriorate to virtual paralysis; life expectancy is two years. Jane chooses to stay with Stephen, to love him to the end, though Stephen’s father tries to dissuade her. Bluntly he tells her that the weight of science is against her. She responds, “I may not look like a very strong person. But I am one.” Incredibly, Felicity Jones portrays nearly thirty years of Jane’s internal struggle while Eddie Redmayne’s award-winning depiction of Stephen shows his relentless external decline.
Losing motor skills, mobility, his voice, but not his brain, Stephen persists in his exploration of the universe as well as in his marriage to Jane. They raise kids. They vacation. They grow together, stronger, older, side by side. But Stephen’s 1963 diagnosis gave him a life expectancy of two years, and, in what seems to be evidence of the miraculous, he’s still alive today.
Jane, even as she insists on her strength, begins to falter. In the end, both Jane and Stephen realize that they are not strong enough to sustain their marriage. Jane admits the devastating truth that she thought this would only last a few years. She believed she would be widowed earlier. A few years ago, The Observer interviewed the real Jane:
…she went into their marriage knowing the worst [Stephen’s death] was almost certainly around the corner. ‘Yes, but at that stage I did not want to think about that. Also, we had this very strong sense at the time that our generation lived anyway under this most awful nuclear cloud—that with a four-minute warning the world itself could likely end. That made us feel above all that we had to do our bit, that we had to follow an idealistic course in life. That may seem naive now, but that was exactly the spirit in which Stephen and I set out in the sixties—to make the most of whatever gifts were given us.’
Initially Jane saw her marriage to Stephen as an ephemeral gift, not a lifelong trial. As the film shows, she realized that as Stephen’s crippled life crawled forward, there was no end in sight for their pain. In one of the most critical but heartbreaking scenes, they agree to separate. At this point, Jane, the film’s spokesperson for Christianity, looks a lot like Peter in the Bible: fleeing crisis, denying her partner, denying the marriage ‘ordained’ by God. She turns away. Jane, who begins the film as the trope of the “good Christian” fails to fulfill the law of her archetype. But the reality is that she fed, clothed, and loved Stephen Hawking for thirty years, then got tired. Also like Peter, she’s human (Matt 14:30, Matt 26:31). She realizes that her own strength can’t justify her.
More than this, however—and here is the interpretation to which I’m more inclined—maybe Jane isn’t ‘just’ like Peter. I think there is a way in which she’s also like Christ, crucified in this moment. Her pride, her aspirations about her own strength, her desire to prove to Stephen that she’s right about the existence of God—all of this is pinned, so to speak, to the cross.
In the beginning, she says the most important theme of her life was her belief that:
Despite it all, everything was going to be possible. That Stephen was going to do his physics, and we were going to raise a wonderful family and have a nice house and live happily every after.
The audience wants her to have these things; we ourselves yearn to have everything in life. As a self-proclaimed Christian viewer, I found myself willing Jane to be stronger, to be a better wife, to be more convincing in her religious apologetics. Maybe if she did these things, her faith would be strong enough to give her everything she wanted, everything I wanted for her. She could prove to Stephen she was right about everything, but what is unfolding here is what you could call a theology of glory.
Similarly, Jesus’ first-century followers followed him into Jerusalem, cheering him on with palm branches and cries of excitement, believing that he would fulfill their own aspirations: overthrowing Rome, delivering Israel to freedom. Shortly thereafter, their hope is dashed on Good Friday when this same man, their king, dies on the cross. In his short handbook On Being a Theologian of the Cross, Gerhard Forde writes that “the real seat of sin is not in the flesh but in our spiritual aspirations, in our ‘theology of glory.’” A theology of glory is based in pride; a theology of the cross crucifies it.
We might worry, Forde continues, that the theology of the cross is “‘only’ concerned with crucifixion. Nothing could be further from the truth. As a matter of fact, a theology of the cross is impossible without resurrection.” By giving up their marriage—by giving up generally—Jane and Stephen see their pride sentenced to death, but it is only afterward that the film displays something like redemption.
The Theory of Everything left me weirdly uplifted. In the final scene, the clock runs backwards and gives us one last look at Jane and Stephen’s relationship. Montage meets music, in a way that I found emotional, to say the least. The backwards time-travel points to something important: that both time and resurrection remain beyond our understanding. At Mockingbird, we’ve looked before at the difference between chronological and kairological time, chronological being normal time, day after day, the ordered passing of one moment to another. Kairological refers instead to God’s boundless perception of time—the capacity to imbue a fleeting moment with eternal significance. In some ways, I wonder if, in a kairological sense, the entire movie isn’t some kind of resurrection.
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 7
|
https://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/theory-of-everything/
|
en
|
Theory of Everything vs. True Story of Stephen and Jane Hawking
|
[
"https://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/images/2024/02/scoop/n-scoop.jpg",
"https://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/images/2023/11/arthur-the-king/n-arthur-the-king.jpg",
"https://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/images/2024/02/cabrini/n-cabrini.jpg",
"https://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/images/2023/05/ordinary-angels/n-ordinary-angels.jpg",
"https://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/images/2024/01/society-of-the-snow/n-society-of-the-snow.jpg",
"https://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/images/2023/09/ferrari/n-ferrari.jpg",
"https://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/images/2023/09/the-burial/n-the-burial.jpg",
"https://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/images/2023/08/a-million-miles-away/n-a-million-miles-away.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"theory of everything true story",
"theory of everything movie",
"theory of everything",
"real jane hawking",
"jane hawking",
"stephen hawking",
"real stephen hawking",
"jonathan hellyer jones",
"felicity jones",
"eddie redmayne",
"dennis sciama"
] | null |
[
"Kevin Lang"
] |
2014-10-30T21:36:00+00:00
|
The Theory of Everything movie vs. the true story of Stephen Hawking. Also meet the real Jane Hawking, Jonathan Hellyer Jones and Elaine Mason.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
HistoryvsHollywood.com
|
https://www.historyvshollywood.com/reelfaces/theory-of-everything/
|
The victim should have the right to end his life, if he wants. But I think it would be a great mistake. However bad life may seem, there is always something you can do, and succeed at. While there's life, there is hope. -Stephen Hawking, 2006
Questioning the Story:
Has the real Stephen Hawking seen the movie?
Yes. Following the screening of The Theory of Everything at the Toronto Film Festival in early September 2014, director James Marsh and the cast answered questions during an audience Q&A. They explained that the real Stephen Hawking had already seen the movie, saying that a nurse wiped a tear from his cheek as the lights came up at his screening. Hawking subsequently gave the filmmakers license to use the audio produced by his trademark speech synthesizer. -Variety.com
"When he watched it, he offered his own voice and it really does give the movie a lift," says screenwriter/producer Anthony McCarten. "It feels like Stephen Hawking is performing in the movie. I could never have anticipated that but it was extremely generous on his part." -Deadline.com
The real Stephen and Jane Hawking (left) in the mid-1960s. Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones (right) portray Stephen and Jane Hawking in The Theory of Everything movie.
Does the real Stephen Hawking feel the movie is accurate?
In researching The Theory of Everything true story, we discovered that the real Stephen Hawking has conveyed his approval of the movie by calling it "broadly true" (Variety.com). "I thought Eddie Redmayne portrayed me very well," remarked Stephen. "At times, I thought he was me. ... Felicity made a very charming Jane. The film was surprisingly honest about our marriage and reflects our struggle to bring up three children, despite my disability" (The Theory of Everything Featurette).
Was Stephen Hawking's family really as normal as they are portrayed to be in the movie?
No. Though the Hawkings are portrayed to be a more or less typical family in The Theory of Everything movie, they were actually quite the opposite. The family vehicle was an old London taxi. They kept bees in their basement, and they often ate dinner in silence, with each member of the family focused on the current book they were reading (Biography.com). Stephen himself describes his family as being "considered eccentric" by outsiders. Like in the movie, Stephen's dad Frank did make homemade wine. Contrary to the film implying the wine was bad, the real Jane Hawking says it was quite good (Travelling to Infinity).
John McClenahan, a school friend of Stephen, says that the Hawking house "was a less conventional house, one in which the children had a great deal of freedom. And I remember being quite gobsmacked by the conversation over lunch. It was about subjects which were never talked about in my house - sex, homosexuality, arguments for and against abortion, and various other subjects that were quite unusual." Stephen says that in becoming a teenager, "my parents taught me to always question things and think big." -Hawking Documentary
Was Stephen Hawking really a member of the Oxford rowing team?
Yes. The Theory of Everything true story confirms that Hawking was a coxswain on the Oxford rowing team. A coxswain does not row but rather controls the stroke rate and steering. The position suited his less than athletic physique. It was during his time on the rowing team that the first signs of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) began to show, also known as Lou Gehrig's Disease.
"As my student days were in full swing, I was gradually becoming aware that all was not well," says Stephen. "During my final year at Oxford, I had noticed that I was getting rather clumsy in my movements..." -Hawking Documentary
Stephen Hawking (top, right) served as a coxswain on the Oxford rowing team (Oxford University Boat Club) in the early 1960s. Bottom: Actor Eddie Redmayne calls the shots as Hawking in The Theory of Everything movie.
How did Stephen Hawking meet Jane Wilde?
Jane Wilde, Stephen's future wife, had been a literature undergraduate and a friend of his sister. They met shortly after he began his doctorate at Cambridge in 1963. It was at a New Year's party like in the movie. Though they had met, Stephen and Jane's relationship didn't take root until after he was diagnosed with motor neuron disease (ALS). The couple married in 1965. -Biography.com
"Oh, he was great fun," says Jane. "He was eccentric. I was really drawn to his very wide smile and his beautiful grey eyes, and I think that's what made me fall in love with him." -Hawking Documentary
Was Stephen Hawking diagnosed with ALS after a fall?
Not exactly. Like in the movie, Hawking was a doctoral student in 1963 Cambridge when he fell crumpled onto Trinity Hall's flagstones, which was one of at least two significant tumbles. Another fall on a train in Germany knocked out his front teeth, which had to be replaced. "...I fell over once or twice for no apparent reason," says Stephen, "but then one evening, late at night, something more serious happened." A stumble had sent Stephen's body all the way down a flight of stairs. He lost consciousness and when he woke he couldn't remember who or where he was. Yet, the incident still wasn't enough for Stephen to visit a doctor.
"When I look back at that fall, I didn't realize at the time, it was a warning sign of things to come, but I recovered and soon had more pressing things on my mind."
Later, while home from Cambridge over Christmas break, his unsteadiness on his feet, slurred speech, and other symptoms had progressed too far for him to conceal from his family, whom he didn't want to worry. His father insisted that Stephen see a doctor. His father and his sister Mary took him to the family physician, who in turn sent him to see a specialist in London. -Hawking Documentary
Did doctors really tell Stephen that he had only two years to live?
Yes. "The prognosis was not good," says Stephen. "I was given two to three years to live." This prognosis is normal for people suffering from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (also known as ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease), because most people who have ALS succumb to respiratory failure within the first three years after being diagnosed. -Hawking Documentary
Stephen Hawking (right) as a young man, prior to the ALS diagnosis. Eddie Redmayne (left) as Hawking in The Theory of Everything movie.
How long did Stephen spend in the hospital during his diagnosis?
Stephen was diagnosed at St Bartholomew's Hospital (Barts) in London. "I was in hospital for two weeks and had a wide range of unpleasant tests," recalls Stephen. "They took a muscle sample from my arm and stuck electrodes into me, then they injected some liquid into my spine and took x-rays. Eventually, I was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, otherwise known as motor neuron disease or ALS." -Hawking Documentary
Did Jane really find out that Stephen had been diagnosed with ALS from his friend, Brian?
No. In the movie, Jane learns that Stephen has motor neuron disease (also known as ALS) from his friend, Brian. In real life, Jane found out by accident from her friends, who happened to mention it. Jane and Stephen weren't dating yet. "I was stunned," says Jane. "I had only just met Stephen and for all his eccentricity I liked him." -Travelling to Infinity
What made Stephen Hawking want to continue living after his seemingly terminal diagnosis?
Hawking has said that as long as he has life, he has hope and that no matter how bleak things might seem, there is always something that a person can succeed at. In addition to deciding to embrace his time left, Hawking credits a few other things in helping him not to become completely despondent.
First, while he was still in the hospital following his diagnosis, he shared a room with a leukemia patient. Observing his roommate's situation, Hawking believed that his own was more tolerable. Second, shortly after he was discharged from the hospital, he had a nightmare that he was going to be executed. It helped him to realize the things he still wanted to do with his life.
Of course, the most significant motivation for wanting to continue living was Jane Wilde, the young languages undergraduate with whom Stephen Hawking was falling in love and would eventually marry in 1965. "Falling in love gave me something to live for," Stephen said in the 2013 documentary Hawking. "Jane was beautiful and gentle, and seemingly undaunted by the harsh reality of my illness."
"I was bored with life before my illness," he said. "There had not seemed to be anything worth doing." It wasn't until he was faced with the realization that his life could end before he got his Ph.D. that he put much more effort into his work and research. Stephen also credits his desire to provide for Jane as a motivating factor to get his Ph.D. -Biography.com
The real Stephen and Jane Hawking on their wedding day in 1965 (right). Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones portray the couple on their wedding day in the movie (left).
Did Jane Wilde enter the marriage believing that she would quickly become a widow?
"Yes, but at that stage I did not want to think about that," says Jane. "Also, we had this very strong sense at the time that our generation lived anyway under this most awful nuclear cloud - that with a four-minute warning the world itself could likely end. That made us feel above all that we had to do our bit, that we had to follow an idealistic course in life. That may seem naive now, but that was exactly the spirit in which Stephen and I set out in the Sixties - to make the most of whatever gifts were given to us." -The Observer
Where does "The Theory of Everything" title come from?
The true story behind The Theory of Everything reveals that the movie's title refers to Hawking's tireless search to find a single universal equation for all existence. More specifically, it is a theory in physics that unites the four fundamental forces of nature: the strong force, the weak force, gravity and the electromagnetic force.
Physicist Sir Roger Penrose came up with the theory that when a star collapses under the force of its own gravity, it would collapse to a singular point of infinite density where time itself would come to a stop. Penrose called it a singularity, the heart of a black hole. "I worked relentlessly to see if I could apply the notion of a singularity to the entire universe," says Stephen. Then Hawking realized that by rewinding time, he could take the universe back to a singularity as well. "Here, time stops. You've reached the true beginning of everything. There is no previous time in which the universe could have had a cause. It spontaneously created itself in the Big Bang."
"I had controversially shown the laws of nature suggest there is no need for a creator or God. The universe just came into existence all by itself." -Hawking Documentary
How soon after his diagnosis was Stephen Hawking confined to a wheelchair?
Although the effects of his disease had begun to slow down, by 1969 his physical control over his body had been reduced to the point that he needed a wheelchair. This was roughly six years after his diagnosis, and it was a fate that he accepted reluctantly. -Biography.com
"One of the great battles was getting Stephen to use a wheelchair," says his former wife Jane. "I'd be going out with Stephen on one arm, carrying the baby in the other, and the toddler running alongside. Well it was hopeless because the toddler would run off and I would be unable to chase. So that kind of thing made life rather impossible." -The Observer
Did Stephen's parents really buy a country cottage that wasn't wheelchair friendly?
Yes. Like in the movie, Stephen's parents bought a country cottage and invited Stephen and Jane for a visit. They failed to warn them about the hill and challenging set of stairs. "I was upset and baffled," Jane wrote in her memoir of the visit. "It seemed that the Hawkings considered themselves free of all basic responsibility for Stephen."
Did Stephen's mother ask Jane which man was the father of their third son, Timothy?
Yes, curious if Jonathan Hellyer Jones was the father, Isobel Hawking, Stephen's mother, flat-out asked Jane which man was the father. Unlike the movie, it didn't happen at a party to celebrate Timothy's birth. It happened when Jane and Isobel were alone with the baby. Jane told her it could only be Stephen's, but Isobel didn't hesitate to express her true feelings. "We have never really liked you," she told Jane. "You do not fit into our family." -Traveling to Infinity
The real Stephen Hawking (right) holds his child in the late 1960s. Left: Hawking (Eddie Redmayne) and child in The Theory of Everything movie.
What is "Hawking Radiation"?
Hawking Radiation was discovered by Stephen Hawking in 1974 and was reluctantly accepted by the physics world. Contrary to all previous theories on black holes, Hawking discovered that black holes must emit particles like a hot body losing heat. "This evaporation meant in theory a black hole could eventually disappear," says Stephen. -Hawking Documentary
To what degree was physical intimacy a part of Stephen and Jane Hawking's marriage?
One thing that the movie doesn't examine is the challenge of physical intimacy given Stephen Hawking's deteriorating condition. Though the filmmakers might have considered it inappropriate to depict onscreen, Jane Hawking discusses the matter in her book Travelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen, which provided the basis for the movie. Jane described the absence of physical intimacy with Stephen as "a deep hole in my own life" that she had no one to talk to about.
In 1976, Jane's friend Thelma Thatcher brought up the subject to Jane by saying, "I simply can't imagine how you survive without a proper sex life."
"I myself did not know the answer to her question," writes Jane, "but my sense of loyalty to Stephen forbade any open discussion of that topic, which for him was as taboo a subject as his illness."
Did Jane Hawking really offer free room-and-board at their home to students who would help care for her husband?
Yes. According to The Theory of Everything true story, this began in 1974 with the Ph.D. students who traveled to the U.S. with Stephen and his family during his one-year stint as a guest lecturer at Caltech. It continued upon Stephen's return to Cambridge. The trip is not included in the movie. Although, we do see students taking him to the opera.
Jane had been raising three children in addition to caring for her husband. "I had two tiny babies," says Jane. "I was running the home and looking after Stephen full time: dressing, bathing, and he refused to have any help with that other than from me" (The Observer).
When did Stephen Hawking lose the use of his voice?
In the mid-1970s, Stephen Hawking's speech had become slurred to the point that only those who spent a considerable amount of time with him could understand him. In 1985, he underwent a tracheotomy as part of his treatment for the pneumonia that nearly claimed his life. Instead, the procedure claimed what was left of his voice. A California computer programmer named Walt Woltosz took notice of his situation and introduced Hawking to speaking software that he had developed, which could be directed by eye or head movement.
At first, Hawking, who still had use of his fingers, interacted with the program via a clicker. Today, Hawking directs the program via a sensor attached to a cheek muscle. -Biography.com
The real Jane Hawking and her husband Stephen in the 1980s (right) and their onscreen counterparts, Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones, in the movie (left).
Was Jane really camping with Jonathan when she found out Stephen was put on life support?
Yes. This part of the movie is mostly in line with the true story. Stephen and Jane often took separate trips. Jane was camping with Jonathan Hellyer Jones and the kids when Stephen's coughing fits worsened. Unlike the movie, Stephen was not at the opera. He was taken to a hospital in Geneva, Switzerland and was diagnosed with pneumonia. He ended up on life support. Jane, Jonathan and the kids had actually planned on meeting Stephen in Geneva all along, where they were going to go to the opera together. Upon learning what had happened, Jane hurried to the hospital in Geneva to be at his side. -Travelling to Infinity
Did Stephen Hawking nearly die from pneumonia?
Yes. A 1985 battle with pneumonia left Stephen Hawking on life support. Stephen's wife Jane refused to disconnect him. "Slowly the drugs worked," says Stephen, "though a small incision in my throat robbed me of my ability to talk." He recovered, but the family subsequently enlisted 24-hour nursing at home. -Daily Mail Online
Did Stephen Hawking ever acknowledge his illness?
No. "All along I suppose I tried to imagine his feelings," says former wife Jane Hawking, "because he would never ever talk about how he felt - he would never mention his illness. It was as if it did not exist" (The Observer). Stephen's sister Mary also felt that he never accepted his condition emotionally, pointing out that he never discussed it with her or his parents either (Hawking Documentary).
How long were Stephen and Jane Hawking married?
The real Stephen and Jane Hawking were married for approximately thirty years, from 1965 to 1995 (Hawking left Jane for his nurse, Elaine Mason, in 1990, with the divorce not becoming official until 1995). Stephen and Jane share three children together: Robert, Lucy and Timothy.
In speaking about the 2004 BBC Hawking TV movie starring Benedict Cumberbatch, Jane said, "That is what should be most important about the film. That sense we had that, despite it all, everything was going to be possible. That Stephen was going to do his physics, and we were going to raise a wonderful family and have a nice house and live happily every after." -The Observer
Jane Hawking in the 2013 documentary Hawking (left) and in the 1960s on a boat ride with Stephen.
Why did Stephen and Jane Hawking divorce?
Stephen's wife says that her husband's disease "forced us into our own little black hole." For a long time, Stephen was averse to outside help and relied on Jane for his care, while at the same time Jane was raising their three children. In later years, Stephen said that he "was never able to understand the strain it put on Jane."
In Stephen Hawking's memoir My Brief History, he describes his wife installing the choirmaster, Jonathan Hellyer Jones, in their apartment following the birth of their third child in 1979. Hawking implies that his wife was prepping a new husband since no one expected Hawking to live much longer. However, after making it to 1990, Hawking had grown upset over his wife's closeness to Jones. Frustrated, Hawking moved into another house with the nurse who would become his second wife, Elaine Mason.
In the end, it's apparent that it wasn't just Stephen Hawking's disease that put a strain on his marriage to Jane. After publishing A Brief History of Time, the book's runaway success went to Stephen's head, at least according to Jane, who believed that her marriage was "engulfed and swept away by the great wave of fame and fortune," with her husband behaving like "an all-powerful emperor."
To make matters worse, Stephen's leanings toward atheism intensified, something he investigated further in his book The Grand Design. Jane, whose Catholic beliefs had helped her through the toughest aspects of her husband's disease, was now watching her husband attempt to scientifically disprove her faith. -Biography.com
The real Jane Hawking and Stephen Hawking in 1974 (center). Felicity Jones (left) and Eddie Redmayne (right) portray the couple in The Theory of Everything movie.
Did Stephen Hawking leave his wife Jane for his nurse?
Yes. Stephen Hawking left his wife Jane Hawking in 1990 for one of his nurses, Elaine Mason. Stephen married Elaine in 1995, but suspicion of abuse shrouded the relationship in controversy. A former employee referred to Elaine as "controlling, manipulative and bullying." Rumors of violence and abuse were supported by Stephen's children. The pair divorced in 2006, but Stephen dismisses the allegations of abuse. Instead, he describes his marriage to Elaine as "passionate and tempestuous." -Daily Mail Online
Did Jane Hawking really marry her choirmaster?
Yes, but the two didn't meet like they do in the movie. They did meet through singing, but it was during a caroling excursion, not at the church. Like in the movie, Jonathan Hellyer Jones, portrayed by Charlie Cox, became a long-time friend of the family. After Stephen and Jane's divorce was finalized in 1995, Jane married Jonathan Hellyer Jones in 1997. Jane discovered new happiness with Jonathan and their relationship flourished. "Without Jonathan, I would have gone under," Jane wrote in her first book, Music to Move the Stars. "I would have been at the bottom of the river or in a mental institution." -The Observer
Did actor Eddie Redmayne meet Stephen Hawking?
Yes. After spending six months researching the astrophysicist's life, actor Eddie Redmayne had the chance to meet the real Stephen Hawking five days before filming began. Redmayne was so nervous that he began telling Hawking biographical details about Hawking's own life, informing him that they were both Capricorns. Hawking replied, "I'm an astronomer, not an astrologer." -Variety.com
Actress Felicity Jones (left) poses with the real Stephen Hawking (center) and actor Eddie Redmayne (right).
Did actress Felicity Jones have the approval of Jane Hawking?
Yes. Actress Felicity Jones met with Stephen Hawking's former wife, Jane Hawking, who cooked her dinner and showed her slides from when she and Stephen first met. When Felicity was leaving, Jane told her that she completely trusted her. Later, after the movie was finished and Jane had seen it, she was very complimentary about it (EW.com). "When I saw Felicity on the screen, I thought, oh my goodness, that's me," says Jane, "because she had captured my mannerisms" (The Theory of Everything Featurette).
Did Jane Hawking really write a less flattering memoir in addition to the one the movie was based on?
Yes. Jane Hawking's first memoir, Music to Move the Stars, was published in 1999 and offers a more dismal account of the breakdown of her marriage to Stephen Hawking. It provided part of the basis for the 2004 BBC TV movie Hawking starring Benedict Cumberbatch. The filmmakers behind The Theory of Everything chose to instead base the movie on her second memoir, Travelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen (2007), which focuses on the more positive sides of their relationship.
Is it true that Stephen Hawking plans to go into space?
Yes. Stephen Hawking is already scheduled to fly to the edge of space, having been invited as one of Sir Richard Branson's pioneer Virgin Galactic space tourists. In 2007 at age 65, Hawking first experienced weightlessness on board a modified Boeing 727, which took off from the Kennedy Space Center and spent two hours over the Atlantic. "It was a moment that temporarily stripped me of my disability," says Hawking, "a feeling of true freedom." -Hawking Documentary
A 65-year-old Stephen Hawking experiences weightlessness in 2007 on board ZERO-G's modified Boeing 727-200.
What do Stephen Hawking's children think of the movie?
Actor Eddie Redmayne befriended Stephen Hawking's children, most notably his youngest, Tim. Though the media reported positively about the film following the Toronto Film Festival screening, it was the family's approval that Redmayne was seeking the most. "Tim wrote a lovely text message the other day," says Redmayne, "in which he described how [he and his sister Lucy] were watching the movie, and at the end, when Stephen gets up, they both said the fact that they could see, for a second, what their father may have looked like able-bodied was incredibly moving for them. And in turn, very moving for me." -EW.com
Is Stephen Hawking's disease the same one associated with "the ice bucket challenge"?
Yes. In 2014, the fundraising effort known as "the ice bucket challenge" went viral as people began posting videos to the internet of themselves dumping buckets of ice on their heads. After performing the chilling feat, each person nominated three others to accept the challenge. By the end of August 2014, the fundraising phenomena had raised more than $100 million for ALS research. -Forbes.com
"It wouldn't have been very safe for me to have done the ice bucket challenge," said Hawking on his Facebook page, "but that is why I have three beautiful children who could take the plunge for me." Watch Stephen's children take the ice bucket challenge.
Stephen Hawking Interviews and Related Videos
Further explore The Theory of Everything true story below via videos that include Stephen Hawking interviews, a short biography, his TED Talks speech and his ALS Ice Bucket Challenge.
WATCH
Stephen Hawking Interview on Last Week Tonight with John Oliver
This Stephen Hawking interview is from HBO's Last Week Tonight with John Oliver. Host Oliver interviews Hawking as part of the first installment of Last Week Tonight's "People Who Think Good" series. Oliver visits Hawking at Cambridge where they discuss parallel universes, artificial intelligence, and Charlize Theron.
WATCH
Stephen Hawking TED Talks Speech: Questioning the Universe
Professor Stephen Hawking is featured as part of the TED Talks series. In this 2008 video, he addresses several big questions about our universe. How did the universe begin? How did life begin? Does alien life exist? Hawking says that in order to survive as a race we must journey into space, as one day Earth's resources will be depleted.
WATCH
Stephen Hawking, Carl Sagan and Arthur C. Clarke Interview
This 1988 interview features physicist Stephen Hawking, science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke, and astronomer Carl Sagan discussing the Big Bang Theory, God, human existence, and the possibility of alien life.
WATCH
The Theory of Everything Trailer
The Theory of Everything tells the story of the most celebrated physicist of our time, Stephen Hawking, and his wife Jane Wilde, the arts student he fell in love with when he was attending Cambridge in the 1960s. At 21, Hawking was diagnosed with motor neuron disease, otherwise known as ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) or Lou Gehrig's disease, and was given just two years to live. He married Jane, beat the odds, and went on to be referred to as the successor to Einstein, in addition to being the father of three children.
WATCH
The Theory of Everything Trailer 2
Starring Eddie Redmayne (Les Misérables) and Felicity Jones (The Amazing Spider-Man 2), The Theory of Everything tells the story of renowned astrophysicist Stephen Hawking, exploring his relationship and marriage to fellow Cambridge student Jane Wilde and his struggle with Lou Gehrig's disease. He was diagnosed with motor neuron disease when he was 21.
Link-to-Learn More:
Stephen Hawking's Official Facebook Page
The Theory of Everything Official Website at Focus Features
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 91
|
https://meerasubbarao.wordpress.com/2024/08/07/kaakhandaki-sri-mahipati-daasaru-movie-audio-release-aug-11-2024-sun-11-am-et-830-pm-ist/
|
en
|
Kaakhandaki Sri Mahipati Daasaru Movie (Kannada)
|
[
"https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/springloaded/images/search-btn.gif",
"https://meerasubbarao.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/8a0e586d-8a46-42d0-8c3b-a1f803d84474-1.jpg?w=724",
"https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6fa4009a0182fece74aafde08197d6d03924214532b2a1450e260f751f67ea9f?s=30&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&r=G",
"https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/077fa5ab775ae079d4f1685eccbf8ee5de7cf3b0628f6cd269f99365f72ac7eb?s=30&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&r=G",
"https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6fa4009a0182fece74aafde08197d6d03924214532b2a1450e260f751f67ea9f?s=30&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&r=G",
"https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/7ff21e1d7275dee148d2ab64ecb75d493435717b77c2c9b38559e57c4f38cb04?s=30&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&r=G",
"https://meerasubbarao.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/cropped-img_3820.jpg?w=50",
"https://meerasubbarao.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/cropped-img_3820.jpg?w=50",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-08-07T00:00:00
|
Aug 08 2024 Hare Srinivasa | Sri Gurubhyo namaha 🙏🏻 After 3 successful movies, Dr. Madhusudhan Havaldar is now focused on getting the 4rth Hari Daasa Sahitya movie ready for release. This time, it is bio-pic of a prolific haridaasaru Kaakhandaki Sri Mahipati Daasaru. Blessed with extraordinary administrative skills and multi-linguistic abilities, both he and…
|
en
|
Kalpavriksha Kamadhenu
|
https://meerasubbarao.wordpress.com/2024/08/07/kaakhandaki-sri-mahipati-daasaru-movie-audio-release-aug-11-2024-sun-11-am-et-830-pm-ist/
|
Hare Srinivasa | Sri Gurubhyo namaha 🙏🏻
After 3 successful movies, Dr. Madhusudhan Havaldar is now focused on getting the 4rth Hari Daasa Sahitya movie ready for release. This time, it is bio-pic of a prolific haridaasaru Kaakhandaki Sri Mahipati Daasaru. Blessed with extraordinary administrative skills and multi-linguistic abilities, both he and his life/works are par excellence and truly inspiring.
Join us on Aug 11, Sunday at 11 am ET and 8:30 pm IST to learn more about him, interact with the movie crew and be part of the celebrations with the movie team of Kaakhandaki Sri Mahipati Daasaru.
See you on Aug 11th !
All are welcome | Sarvarigu Swagata
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 29
|
https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/how-are-movie-release-dates-chosen.htm
|
en
|
How Are Movie Release Dates Chosen?
|
https://media.hswstatic.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJjb250ZW50Lmhzd3N0YXRpYy5jb20iLCJrZXkiOiJnaWZcL21vdmllLXJlbGVhc2UtZGF0ZXMtY2hvc2VuLW9yaWcuanBnIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjoiMTIwMCJ9fX0=
|
https://media.hswstatic.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJjb250ZW50Lmhzd3N0YXRpYy5jb20iLCJrZXkiOiJnaWZcL21vdmllLXJlbGVhc2UtZGF0ZXMtY2hvc2VuLW9yaWcuanBnIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjoiMTIwMCJ9fX0=
|
[
"https://cdn.hswstatic.com/en-us/hsw/img/hsw-avatar-sm.png",
"https://cdn.hswstatic.com/en-us/hsw/img/hsw-avatar-sm.png",
"https://cdn.hswstatic.com/en-us/hsw/img/hsw-avatar-sm.png",
"https://cdn.hswstatic.com/en-us/hsw/img/hsw-avatar-sm.png",
"https://cdn.hswstatic.com/en-us/hsw/img/hsw-avatar-sm.png",
"https://media.hswstatic.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJjb250ZW50Lmhzd3N0YXRpYy5jb20iLCJrZXkiOiJnaWZcL21vdmllLXJlbGVhc2UtZGF0ZXMtY2hvc2VuLTEuanBnIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjoyOTB9fX0=",
"https://media.hswstatic.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJjb250ZW50Lmhzd3N0YXRpYy5jb20iLCJrZXkiOiJnaWZcL21vdmllLXJlbGVhc2UtZGF0ZXMtY2hvc2VuLTEuanBnIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjoyOTB9fX0=",
"https://media.hswstatic.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJjb250ZW50Lmhzd3N0YXRpYy5jb20iLCJrZXkiOiJnaWZcL21vdmllLXJlbGVhc2UtZGF0ZXMtY2hvc2VuLTIuanBnIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjoyOTB9fX0=",
"https://media.hswstatic.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJjb250ZW50Lmhzd3N0YXRpYy5jb20iLCJrZXkiOiJnaWZcL21vdmllLXJlbGVhc2UtZGF0ZXMtY2hvc2VuLTIuanBnIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjoyOTB9fX0=",
"https://media.hswstatic.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJjb250ZW50Lmhzd3N0YXRpYy5jb20iLCJrZXkiOiJnaWZcL21vdmllLXJlbGVhc2UtZGF0ZXMtY2hvc2VuLTMuanBnIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjoyOTB9fX0=",
"https://media.hswstatic.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJjb250ZW50Lmhzd3N0YXRpYy5jb20iLCJrZXkiOiJnaWZcL21vdmllLXJlbGVhc2UtZGF0ZXMtY2hvc2VuLTMuanBnIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjoyOTB9fX0=",
"https://media.hswstatic.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJjb250ZW50Lmhzd3N0YXRpYy5jb20iLCJrZXkiOiJnaWZcL2FuaW1hbC1zdXBlcmhlcm9zLTEwMDB4NjY3LmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6NjAwfX19",
"https://media.hswstatic.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJjb250ZW50Lmhzd3N0YXRpYy5jb20iLCJrZXkiOiJnaWZcL2FuaW1hbC1zdXBlcmhlcm9zLTEwMDB4NjY3LmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6NjAwfX19",
"https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/c.hero_image",
"https://media.hswstatic.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJjb250ZW50Lmhzd3N0YXRpYy5jb20iLCJrZXkiOiJnaWZcL3N1cGVybWFuLXN1cGVyaGVyb2VzLTY3MC5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjYwMH19fQ==",
"https://media.hswstatic.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJjb250ZW50Lmhzd3N0YXRpYy5jb20iLCJrZXkiOiJnaWZcL3N1cGVybWFuLXN1cGVyaGVyb2VzLTY3MC5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjYwMH19fQ==",
"https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/c.hero_image"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Bambi Turner",
"www.howstuffworks.com",
"about-bambi-turner.htm"
] |
2015-04-28T03:00:00-04:00
|
Movie release dates are often chosen several years in advance. Find out why movie studios battle for the best release dates at HowStuffWorks.
|
en
|
//cdn.hswstatic.com/en-us/hsw/img/icons/favicon.svg
|
HowStuffWorks
|
https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/how-are-movie-release-dates-chosen.htm
|
The movie industry has always been associated with huge numbers, from the stars' staggering salaries to the ever-increasing box office hauls. As the costs of making a movie soar thanks to new technology and cutting-edge special effects, another number has taken center stage -- the movie's price tag. Mega blockbusters can easily cost $200 million or more, leaving studio executives and others in the industry desperate to maximize ticket sales in an effort to recoup their massive investment in the film.
So how does Hollywood even begin to make up for a $200 million outlay, much less make a profit? Marketing, star power and subject matter all affect ticket sales, but when it comes to the modern blockbuster, timing really is everything.
Advertisement
Release dates have always been important to the movie industry -- after all, when was the last time a movie broke box office records after a late January or early December release? With more films competing for moviegoers' attention these days, the competition for key release dates has led studios to announce release dates three, four or even five years in advance, often for movies that haven't been made yet.
For an example of this phenomenon, look no further than comic book giant Marvel Studios. In 2014, Marvel made headlines when it revealed dates for six (mostly untitled) films to be released through 2019, all scheduled for blockbuster weekends and holidays [source: Graser]. The previous year, Disney and Pixar staked their claim to summer, Thanksgiving and spring dates for yet-to-be-made movies that the studios will release through 2018 [source: Cunningham].
Why so much fuss over release dates for movies yet to be titled or even filmed? Read on to find out how timing can make or break a movie at the box office.
Advertisement
For many years, studios primarily set release dates based on when the audience for a given film was most likely to attend a movie. Want to sell tickets for a romantic comedy? Schedule it for Valentine's Day weekend, when couples gunning for date night ideas are likely to head to the theater to see a love story play out on screen. Trying to maximize ticket sales on a family film? Pick a release date in the summer or around the holidays, when the kids are out of school.
Some weekends are simply good for movie releases regardless of genre. Roughly 60 percent of all movie tickets sold throughout the year are sold during the summer, when people have plenty of free time and are looking for a place to escape the summer heat [source: PBS Frontline]. Of course, not every summer weekend is a sure thing for theaters. The Fourth of July is traditionally a busy time for movies, but if the holiday itself falls on a Friday, potential ticket buyers may be too busy watching fireworks to fill theaters. While May, June and July are ideal for big blockbusters because they tend to bring box office records, August is slower, as kids and parents sneak in a last-minute vacation or prepare to head back to school [source: Hicks].
Advertisement
Holiday weekends are also the perfect time to release a film. People are off of work and school and looking for ways to entertain kids or out-of-town guests. After the presents have been unwrapped or the last bit of turkey is gone, a trip to the movies is the perfect way to wind down.
While studios have always angled for release on a dozen or so key weekends throughout the year, the choice of movie release date has grown even more critical in recent years, as the studios produce greater numbers of films, all competing for your eyes -- and dollars. Next, learn how the crowded market has transformed the choice of movie release dates into a cutthroat battle between the studios.
Advertisement
Movie release dates have grown increasingly important over the past decade thanks to the sheer number of films being released. The Motion Picture Association of America reports that Hollywood produced around 500 major movies in 2004. By 2009, that number had increased by a respectable 13 percent, with 557 pictures hitting the screens. Fast-forward four more years to 2013, and the number of major theater releases hit a whopping 659 [source: Motion Picture Association of America].
With so many movies in the mainstream, studios have had to rethink how they select release dates. After all, the more movies competing at the box office, the less each is destined to make. Moviegoers only have so much disposable income, so spreading it across a greater number of titles erodes box office numbers for everyone.
Advertisement
The increase in the number of films has also changed the way movies make money. Where they once were able to linger for weeks in theaters, making a respectable sum weekend after weekend, movies tend to burn out much faster these days. They earn a full one-third of their domestic gross in their opening weekend, then hang around for a relatively short period before clearing out to make room for the next big thing [sources: Eller and Friedaman].
So how have studios changed their release date strategy to reflect changing times? Many have turned to announcing release dates before a film is complete in an attempt to throw down the gauntlet and claim historically blockbuster weekends for themselves. This often requires picking a release date several years in advance, which has its own set of risks -- mainly that it locks in a completion date, which may result in a rushed, inferior film.
Naming release dates well in advance also lets competitors know your plans, which can be a good or bad thing depending on the situation. In some cases, competitive studios will simply pick a different weekend to avoid going head-to-head at the box office with another potential blockbuster. Others will select the date they want regardless of which studio has staked a claim.
For example, Warner Brothers set its film "Batman V Superman: Dawn of Justice" to open on May 6, 2016. Good timing, as movies released in early May often break records. Unfortunately, Marvel liked this date too and chose it for "Captain America: Civil War." To avoid splitting the box office with another superhero film, Warner Brothers simply switched their release to March 25, 2016, more than two months earlier than previously scheduled [source: Ebiri].
As studios continue to produce greater numbers of films, the summer movie season could simply grow longer, which would allow each film to bask largely alone in the spotlight for a single weekend. If the public insists on sticking to the traditionally busy summer and holiday weekends at the movies, more films may be stuck sharing release dates, leaving studios to deal with the effects of smaller box office hauls.
Advertisement
|
||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 87
|
https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/what-we-know-about-a-fatal-shooting-by-armed-suspects-east-of-calgary-1.6991742
|
en
|
What we know about a fatal shooting by armed suspects east of Calgary
|
[
"https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctvnews/en/images/logos/CTVNews_horizontal_logo_f.svg",
"https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctvnews/en/images/logos/ctv_logo_f.svg",
"https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctvnews/en/images/2024/8/7/shooting-east-of-calgary-1-6992514-1723147696171.jpeg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.6927077.1718379307!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016145.1724784906!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.6866523.1714428512!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016434.1724796406!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016528.1724798982!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7015686.1724763421!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016226.1724788636!/httpImage/image.png_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.png",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.6743070.1706239215!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016288.1724792533!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/20/13-of-the-best-backpacks-for-kids.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.360.360.gw7z0.jpeg 360w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/20/13-of-the-best-backpacks-for-kids.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.480.480.gw7z0.jpeg 480w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/20/13-of-the-best-backpacks-for-kids.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.1080.1080.gw7z0.jpeg 1080w",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/27/-lunch-must-haves.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.360.360._sd2_.jpeg 360w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/27/-lunch-must-haves.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.480.480._sd2_.jpeg 480w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/27/-lunch-must-haves.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.1080.1080._sd2_.jpeg 1080w",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/26/the-best-gifts-august.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.360.360.ysrm_.jpeg 360w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/26/the-best-gifts-august.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.480.480.ysrm_.jpeg 480w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/26/the-best-gifts-august.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.1080.1080.ysrm_.jpeg 1080w",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/26/revlon-brush.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.360.360.9et10.jpeg 360w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/26/revlon-brush.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.480.480.9et10.jpeg 480w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/26/revlon-brush.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.1080.1080.9et10.jpeg 1080w",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/21/back-to-school-discounts.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.360.360.6nr_.jpeg 360w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/21/back-to-school-discounts.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.480.480.6nr_.jpeg 480w, https://www.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/ctv-ecommerce/uploadImg/2024/08/21/back-to-school-discounts.jpg/jcr:content/renditions/cq5dam.web.1080.1080.6nr_.jpeg 1080w",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016532.1724799114!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7015686.1724763421!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.6880045.1715266608!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016637.1724803278!/httpImage/image.png_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.png",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.6291154.1699478715!/image/image.png_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.png",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016394.1724795145!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7015915.1724773058!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016287.1724792485!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016323.1724793430!/httpImage/image.jpeg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpeg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7001223.1724796698!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016225.1724789449!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.6838512.1714493982!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.5932548.1654300049!/httpImage/image.jpeg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpeg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.6960573.1720735308!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.6110630.1719328639!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.7016441.1724796621!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_135/image.jpg",
"https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/content/experience-fragments/ctv_news/local/calgary/calgary-boa/master/_jcr_content/root/responsivegrid_78099/teaser_copy_copy_cop_1623448575.coreimg.png/1674673134399/ctv-news-newsletter-promo.png",
"https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/content/experience-fragments/ctv_news/local/calgary/calgary-boa/master/_jcr_content/root/responsivegrid_78099/teaser_copy_copy_cop.coreimg.png/1623045332722/ctv-news--voice-promo.png",
"https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/content/experience-fragments/ctv_news/local/calgary/calgary-boa/master/_jcr_content/root/responsivegrid_78099/teaser_1461279347_co_1805837268.coreimg.png/1650379707643/ctv-news-app-promo.png",
"https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/content/experience-fragments/ctv_news/local/calgary/calgary-boa/master/_jcr_content/root/responsivegrid_78099/teaser_1461279347_co.coreimg.png/1694118116812/ctvnews-social-logos-1.png",
"https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/content/dam/common/logos/bellmedia/BellMedia.svg",
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=3005664&cj=1&cv=4.4"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-08-07T11:30:00-04:00
|
The man shot and killed by two armed suspects east of Calgary on Tuesday is believed to be an employee of Rocky View County, where the incident occurred.
|
en
|
/content/dam/ctvnews/newicons/favicon/favicon.ico
|
Calgary
|
https://calgary.ctvnews.ca/what-we-know-about-a-fatal-shooting-by-armed-suspects-east-of-calgary-1.6991742
|
The man shot and killed by two armed suspects east of Calgary on Tuesday is believed to be an employee of Rocky View County, where the incident occurred.
Strathmore RCMP officers were called to Township Road 250 and Range Road 282 just before noon for reports of a shooting.
The area is east of the hamlet of Conrich, about 10 kilometres east of Calgary.
Mounties discovered two people who had been shot, one fatally and the other superficially.
A statement posted to the Rocky View County website on Tuesday evening expresses "sadness and shock" over the passing of employee Colin Hough, saying he died "following an incident" that occurred earlier in the day.
"This tragic and senseless act has deeply affected us all," said Byron Riemann, chief administrative officer.
"Colin was a valued member of our team, and we extend our deepest condolences to Colin's family, friends, and colleagues during this difficult time."
Reeve Crystal Kissel said the community is "shocked and heartbroken" by the news.
"We will support Colin's family and colleagues in any way we can as we stand together in grieving this loss."
Fortis Alberta said the person who suffered the superficial gunshot wound was an employee, but didn't release his name.
In a statement sent to CTV News, Fortis said the man was performing "routine work" when it happened.
"The employee was treated for the injury and released from the hospital later that evening," reads the statement.
"We are grateful that our employee is recovering and we are providing any support he, his family and his colleagues need at this time.
"We understand that another individual on scene succumbed to fatal injuries and we extend our deepest condolences to the family and friends of the victim."
Staff Sgt. Mark Wielosz, detachment commander for the Strathmore RCMP, said Wednesday investigators are now looking into a white 2013 Dodge RAM with teal aftermarket rims and bullet shell shaped lug nuts that was stolen from the 400 block of Abadan Place N.E. in Calgary, just before 6 a.m. on Monday.
Wielosz said investigators are looking for witnesses or footage of that truck or its occupants from the time of the theft to the time of the shooting.
An image of the truck has been released.
Investigators are now looking into a white 2013 Dodge RAM with teal aftermarket rims and bullet shell shaped lug nuts that was stolen from the 400 block of Abadan Place N.E. in Calgary, in connection with a deadly shooting east of Calgary. (Supplied: RCMP)
Wielosz said the suspects fled the scene in a white half-ton pickup truck, which was a Rocky View County fleet vehicle.
Police tracked the vehicle to another location, near Township Road 252 and Range Road 260.
The vehicle had been dumped and the suspects were no longer in the area.
As of Wednesday evening, the suspects remained at large and were considered to be armed and dangerous.
"We do not have enough information to provide the public with firm descriptors of these subjects," Wielosz said.
Wielosz said the motive for the violence is unknown.
But he also said the immediate danger in the area is believed to be over.
"At this point in time, I would say the risk level is low," he said.
"We don't believe these offenders are in the area. We don't believe that they're coming back."
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 46
|
https://www.today.com/popculture/movies/pauly-shore-richard-simmons-court-jester-rcna134350
|
en
|
Pauly Shore says he was ‘up all night crying’ after Richard Simmons’ blasted his biopic casting
|
[
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-120x180,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2021_41/1787140/web-discovery-health-mc-211012.jpg",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-120x180,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2021_41/1787172/web-discovery-parents-mc-211012.jpg",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-120x180,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2021_41/1787138/web-discovery-food-mc-211012.jpg",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-120x180,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2021_41/1787173/web-discovery-shopping-mc-211012.jpg",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-120x180,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2023_02/1956625/harry-styles-mc-220527-bcf010.jpg",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-120x180,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2022_03/1831075/covid-test-main-aw-220117-3bff61.jpeg",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-120x180,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2023_02/1956581/today-navigation-life-jp-f3a42a.jpg",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-120x180,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2021_41/1787151/web-discovery-style-mc-211012_copy.jpg",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/w_10000,h_74,q_80,c_fit,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2022-10/TODAY-menu-2022-431ed9.png",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/w_10000,h_74,q_80,c_fit,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2019_18/1432044/today-3rd-hour.png",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/w_10000,h_74,q_80,c_fit,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2023_41/2034909/hoda-jenna-new-pic-2-te-231010.png",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/w_10000,h_74,q_80,c_fit,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-08/peter-laura-1-jp-240815-cfc93f.png",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/w_10000,h_74,q_80,c_fit,f_auto,q_auto:best/newscms/2018_52/2696491/williegeist.png",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_fit-760w,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-01/pauly-shore-richard-simmons-mc-250117-copy-1af6c2.jpg",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-260x130,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-08/blake-lively-siblings-zz-240802-03-4398f8.jpg",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-260x130,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-08/chevy-chase-christie-brinkley-zz-240827-5b4a35.jpg",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-260x130,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-08/reeves-family-inline-2-cz-240-28c83c.jpg",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-260x130,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-08/it-ends-with-us-movie-mc-240807-cf94fc.jpg",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-260x130,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-08/taylor-swift-blown-away-blink-twice-2x1-zz-240823-0f3c6e.jpg",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-260x130,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-08/blink-twice-zz-240823-cc3eb7.jpg",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-260x130,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-06/costner-horizon-mc-240620-23d822.jpg",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-260x130,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-08/chick-fil-a-streaming-service-zz-240822-b8ca8e.jpg",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-260x130,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2024-08/megalopolis-trailer-zz-240822-4e9aa1.jpg",
"https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/t_focal-260x130,f_auto,q_auto:best/rockcms/2022-06/witch-names-mc-220627-09a6a9.jpg"
] |
[
"//iframe.nbcnews.com/EoF1cEs?_showcaption=false&app=1",
"//iframe.nbcnews.com/K4NfcgS?_showcaption=true",
"//iframe.nbcnews.com/4JwkXnF?_showcaption=true&app=1",
"https://prodamdnewsencoding.akamaized.net/NBC_News_Digital/nbcnews/video/2024/01/1705585796395_tdy_pop_8a_richard_simmons_biopic_240118_6.mp4?format=redirect"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Gina Vivinetto",
"Diana Dasrath"
] |
2024-01-17T20:13:57+00:00
|
Pauly Shore plays Richard Simmons in the short film "The Court Jester" and will portray the fitness guru again in a biopic. Simmons responded on Facebook.
|
en
|
https://nodeassets.nbcnews.com/cdnassets/projects/ramen/favicon/today/all-other-sizes-PNG.ico/favicon.ico
|
TODAY.com
|
https://www.today.com/popculture/movies/pauly-shore-richard-simmons-court-jester-rcna134350
|
Pauly Shore is responding to Richard Simmons’ public disapproval of his casting in a biopic about the fitness personality.
Shore shared a screenshot of a tweet from Simmons posted on April 24. The message was shared across his social media pages and read in part, “I just read that a man that I don’t know is writing my bio pic starring Pauly Shore.”
“I do not approve this movie,” the post continued. “I am in talks with major studios to create my own bio pic with some help. Wait for this movie.”
Shore addressed the post on Instagram on April 25, sharing with fans that he was “up all night crying” about the message.
“Richard, how do you not approve of this movie? I mean, really, who’s better to play you in a movie than ME?” Shore wrote in part in the caption. “I’m perfect. Everyone already thinks I’m you. We’re the same. Beautiful, inside and out. Hellll yea!”
Shore noted that Simmons had not yet heard the pitch for the biopic and offered to personally go to his house and pitch him the idea.
The actor also shared that he and Simmons “used to hang out back in the day” and would see each other at The Comedy Store.
“You’re my old buddy. Richard, you’re going to love our movie,” Shore wrote. “We’re going to make the most beautiful cinematic masterpiece that’s going to honor you in a way that you’ll drop to your knees and cry with joy and happiness.”
In his response to Simmons, Shore congratulated the fitness personality on talking directly to studios about making a biopic about himself, calling the news “amazing.”
“The more movies about you, the better!” Shore wrote. “You deserve it. There should be hundreds made.”
On Facebook on April 26, Simmons wrote that he had gotten a fourth offer from a studio wanting to collaborate on a biopic. He wrote in part, “I have so many ideas swimming in my head. I am writing the outline now. Wish me luck!”
Shore noted at the end of the caption that biopics are often made without the subject of the film agreeing to participate in the project, citing Stephen Hawking, Steve Jobs, Marilyn Monroe, and Elvis Presley as examples.
“Some of them turned out good, some of them turned out bad. Mine is going to turn out amaze-balls,” Shore wrote. “So... let me know when you want me to come over with yummy food from Canters, and Jordan and I will pitch you in your living room. I love you, Richard, and so did my mom.”
Shore portrayed Simmons in a short film called “The Court Jester,” which premiered at The Cabin in Park City, Utah, on Jan. 19 and then worldwide on YouTube later that night.
Shore is also set to play Simmons again in a potential biopic that's currently in development at the Wolper Organization.
A teaser trailer for “The Court Jester,” written and directed by Jake Lewis, dropped Jan. 17. The teaser shows Shore dressed in Simmons’ signature workout attire: short shorts and a sparkly tank top. His attitude brims with Simmons’ trademark compassion and positivity.
"What's my first rule?" Simmons asks a crew member on a TV set. "Like yourself. Your weight doesn't matter. If you like yourself, you're going to be fine.
"But I've been where you are right now," Simmons continues. "And where I am right now, is I just love myself. Every part of myself.
"And I think I can show you how to get here," he adds, tenderly touching the crew member's nose.
Here's everything to know about what Shore and Simmons have said about “The Court Jester” and the potential biopic.
What Pauly Shore has said about the biopic
Shore opened up about his enthusiasm for the biopic project in a statement to TODAY.com.
"I’m really excited about sharing Richard Simmons’s life with the world. We all need this biopic now more than ever," said Shore.
"Simmons represented mental health, getting people in shape and being his authentic silly self! Whenever he was on TV you could never take your eyes off of him and he brought such a joy to his appearances that represented nothing but a good time," he added.
Shore told Entertainment Weekly that he got the idea to play the now-reclusive Simmons, 75, after fans on social media pointed out how much he physically resembled the curly-haired fitness legend.
But Shore said his similarities to Simmons, who shot to fame in the 1980s with his “Sweatin’ to the Oldies” workout videos, go beyond their looks.
“I am him,” Shore told EW. “I like helping people. I like health. I like putting that energy out there. ... I help comedians and people, and so I really relate to Richard.
"And I’ve been going to the gym since I was a kid. And I think I’m a little over the top as well, so I feel like I connect with him. And I’ve known him for years from back in the day. I started in the ‘90s ... I used to always see him and I was always giving him hugs and high-fives and stuff," he added.
Shore posted a video Jan. 17 on Instagram explaining how he came to portray Simmons on-screen. (Warning: Shore’s video contains profanity.)
Shore tells fans in the clip that there’s no reason he shouldn’t take on the role of Simmons, noting that his “Encino Man” co-stars Brendan Fraser and Ke Huy Quan both won Oscars last year.
“Sometimes people just need opportunities. That’s what life’s about, opportunities,” he says. “And if I get the opportunity to star in a Richard Simmons biopic, I will deliver because I take things very seriously. I will immerse myself in the body, soul and spirit of Richard Simmons.”
Is Richard Simmons involved in the biopic?
Shore told Entertainment Weekly that Simmons himself is not involved in the projects, although he had previously communicated with reps for Simmons.
“His people responded and they said that he loves me and he loves my mom (legendary Comedy Store owner Mitzi Shore) and the Store and all that stuff, but at this time he just wants to lay low and not really be involved,” he said.
What Richard Simmons has said about the biopic
A message on Simmons' verified Facebook page, signed by Simmons, posted on Jan. 17 addressed the movie news, stating, "You may have heard they may be doing a movie about me with Pauly Shore. I have never given my permission for this movie. So don’t believe everything you read. I no longer have a manager, and I no longer have a publicist. I just try to live a quiet life and be peaceful. Thank you for all your love and support."
A statement from the Wolper Organization obtained by NBC News read, “While we would love to have him involved, we respect his desire to privacy and plan to produce a movie that honors him, celebrates him and tells a dramatic story.”
The statement added, “We know he is deeply private and we would never want to invade that, (however) he is an amazing person, that changed millions of people's lives and the effect he has had on the world needs to be recognized.”
Simmons' reclusiveness for the past decade has made headlines. For years, Simmons exercised regularly with fans at his Beverly Hills fitness studio, Slimmons. However, Simmons closed the studio less than 10 years ago and has vanished from the public eye, worrying friends and fans.
Simmons' elusiveness inspired the popular podcast “Missing Richard Simmons,” which aimed to figure out why Simmons had disappeared.
After rumors began swirling online that Simmons was being held hostage by his longtime housekeeper Teresa Reveles, Simmons called in live to TODAY in March 2016 to debunk the chatter.
“No one is holding me in my house as a hostage,’’ Simmons told Savannah Guthrie on the air. “You know, I do what I want to do as I’ve always done so people should sort of just believe what I have to say because, like, I’m Richard Simmons!”
“Teresa Reveles has been with me for 30 years. It’s almost like we’re a married couple,” he added at the time.
During the call, Simmons also commented on his health, revealing that knee problems had slowed him down. “I just sort of wanted to be a little bit of a loner for a little while,’’ he told Savannah.
"I’ve taught, like, thousands and thousands of classes, and, you know, right now I just want to sort of take care of me," he explained.
In August 2022, Simmons communicated publicly again for the first time in years after TMZ released a documentary focusing on his mysterious disappearance called “TMZ Investigates: What Really Happened to Richard Simmons."
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 13
|
https://www.theringer.com/movies/2020/7/1/21308267/fourth-of-july-movies-ranking-independence-day
|
en
|
Every Movie Released on the Fourth of July Weekend, Ranked
|
[
"https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Sgp0OdnAlsYz1rkfHEMS7_CB5jo=/0x0:3556x2000/320x180/filters:focal(1494x716:2062x1284)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/67004109/4th_of_july_movies_ringer_illo.0.jpg 320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/LaEbLztvVF_lt_BaRu-Dm2dyXKw=/0x0:3556x2000/570x321/filters:focal(1494x716:2062x1284)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/67004109/4th_of_july_movies_ringer_illo.0.jpg 570w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/bUiX-9i6WDBsjU3Y6D744MB5eEI=/0x0:3556x2000/820x461/filters:focal(1494x716:2062x1284)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/67004109/4th_of_july_movies_ringer_illo.0.jpg 820w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/hBhgr1K3_G6pGOuEEeprcURJDDE=/0x0:3556x2000/1070x602/filters:focal(1494x716:2062x1284)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/67004109/4th_of_july_movies_ringer_illo.0.jpg 1070w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Kw8EAWalR9r9KDrl21xUvD6S6zI=/0x0:3556x2000/1320x743/filters:focal(1494x716:2062x1284)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/67004109/4th_of_july_movies_ringer_illo.0.jpg 1320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/8Z7W4_yeNinrGsPsTd6T9nmaQOw=/0x0:3556x2000/1570x883/filters:focal(1494x716:2062x1284)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/67004109/4th_of_july_movies_ringer_illo.0.jpg 1570w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/tLdhJ-1KCVo2aOAqJIguCto9VaI=/0x0:3556x2000/1820x1024/filters:focal(1494x716:2062x1284)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/67004109/4th_of_july_movies_ringer_illo.0.jpg 1820w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/-gwup_R2nTJM6l19pRBsRHhe3aA=/0x0:3556x2000/2070x1164/filters:focal(1494x716:2062x1284)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/67004109/4th_of_july_movies_ringer_illo.0.jpg 2070w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/U-25U1tlhA9DoxuKFPNa-qb-PEE=/0x0:3556x2000/2320x1305/filters:focal(1494x716:2062x1284)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/67004109/4th_of_july_movies_ringer_illo.0.jpg 2320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/9l7qO1jmmQ6d9WK-DETL2sgVKUA=/0x0:3556x2000/2570x1446/filters:focal(1494x716:2062x1284)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/67004109/4th_of_july_movies_ringer_illo.0.jpg 2570w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/DuZgzcmMgXNTezHCGIhrM9tmusg=/0x0:3556x2000/2820x1586/filters:focal(1494x716:2062x1284)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/67004109/4th_of_july_movies_ringer_illo.0.jpg 2820w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ZBcoiLj2ytwJUpT8-7wi_Y-pAss=/0x0:3556x2000/3070x1727/filters:focal(1494x716:2062x1284)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/67004109/4th_of_july_movies_ringer_illo.0.jpg 3070w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/r-SFSORmhGp_lTKjIlulJ-p1FGg=/0x0:3556x2000/3320x1868/filters:focal(1494x716:2062x1284)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/67004109/4th_of_july_movies_ringer_illo.0.jpg 3320w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/sUWxSbfSYrEew3I6hbBk-UeAj8s=/0x0:3556x2000/3570x2008/filters:focal(1494x716:2062x1284)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/67004109/4th_of_july_movies_ringer_illo.0.jpg 3570w, https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/NwWQFkUPRtamzLDinQkWSEO_tIQ=/0x0:3556x2000/3820x2149/filters:focal(1494x716:2062x1284)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/67004109/4th_of_july_movies_ringer_illo.0.jpg 3820w"
] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/-3ZL7oN7CZ8?rel=0",
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Dm4RdbnwUj8?rel=0",
"https://open.spotify.com/embed-podcast/episode/5tAb5FThblll1GFt2rRELK",
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/W9Tdw5nG4dQ?rel=0",
"https://open.spotify.com/embed-podcast/episode/6oT4rT6Tz0zVcejxRjOdxY",
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/X9bQjEHf0ug?rel=0",
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/wQtWa31_u7k?rel=0",
"https://open.spotify.com/embed-podcast/episode/2TvOHlyh4FwSS7t4UV94ug",
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/fiBLgEx6svA?rel=0"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Mara Reinstein"
] |
2020-07-01T00:00:00
|
Ever since the mid-’80s, Hollywood has celebrated Independence Day by releasing their most blockbuster-y fare
|
en
|
https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/8991993/favicon.0.ico
|
The Ringer
|
https://www.theringer.com/movies/2020/7/1/21308267/fourth-of-july-movies-ranking-independence-day
|
A bank clerk played by Ryan Reynolds discovers he’s a background character in a video game that will soon go offline, so he teams up with one of its programmers to try to save the day. That’s the plot of the metacomedy Free Guy, and in a parallel universe, we’d all be gearing up for its July 3 release. The movie would be splashed across thousands of screens in multiplexes around the country, and we’d plunk down an obscene amount of moolah to recline in a comfy seat, soak in some air conditioning, and gaze straight ahead for two hours. Not because critics praised it for being the movie we need right now or because it’s poised to be an early Oscar front-runner, but because Free Guy perfectly encapsulates the Fourth of July movie release. And who are we to buck with tradition?
There have always been two kinds of big-screen summer offerings: Ones that open during the coveted Independence Day window and ... the other ones. And don’t start with me about the Memorial Day weekend cache. The first Friday in May has been the unofficial summer movie kickoff since Tobey Maguire put on his first pair of Spider-Man tights in 2002. (Black Widow owned that slot in 2020 until all the theaters shut down.) But by the Fourth of July, most Americans aside from Joey Chestnut are in vacation mode and the only things to do are go to the movies and rate the quality of the local neighborhood fireworks show. It’s not too much to expect—no, demand—jaw-dropping explosiveness out of our big-screen options. We want movies, not films. And for decades now, studios have satiated that desire, providing the boldest and brashest and most brainless (in a good way!) big-budget megablockbusters.
While this Fourth of July custom doesn’t date back to 1776, or even 1976, a look back at the entertainment calendar reveals a long, distinguished list of grade A glorious escapism. Think hyped-up sequels and ’80s classics and dumb comedies and exactly two adaptations of old-timey TV Westerns. We have the famed Will Smith collection and the less-heralded-but-still-mighty Tom Hanks collection. But there have also been plenty of would-be hits that have fizzled out or flat-out failed to launch. (Side note: July 4 provides the best metaphors!) There is a clear hierarchy when it comes to every movie that has been released on the Fourth of July weekend dating back to 1985. With that preamble out of the way, kindly note these rankings are based not on hoity-toity pedigree, but on how well the releases delivered on fun-out-of-the-sun summer bliss. Enjoy and wish Free Guy the best of luck in December!
56. Wild Wild West (1999)
It’s a testament to Will Smith’s late-’90s star power that he assumed audiences would show up to a bloated and joyless retro sci-fi comedy Western based on a dusty 1960s TV show. They didn’t. Turns out that playing a sexy government agent on a mission to destroy a genocidal recidivist from the Confederate South isn’t as cool as, say, slipping on a pair of Ray-Bans. Last year, Smith admitted that he turned down Neo in The Matrix to take the role of Jim West because he valued above-the-title fame more than artistic vision. Whoops.
55. The BFG (2016)
What a sad day in movieland when Steven Spielberg—the legend who invented the summer blockbuster by way of Jaws in 1975—is responsible for an uninspiring dud. His interpretation of the Roald Dahl fantasy novel means well, but who goes into a Spielberg production for good intentions? Or, for that matter, to see mild-mannered British thespian Mark Rylance appear larger than life as the Big Friendly Giant?
54. Lone Ranger (2013)
Johnny Depp had a solid 20-year run playing the appealing oddball. That goodwill comes to a screeching halt as he dons tribal paint and puts a taxidermied crow on top of his head to play the trusted Tonto in the positively dreadful Disney adaptation of a serial that dates back to 1933. (Armie Hammer is the heroic masked man.) Toss in all of Depp’s strange eccentricities in the role, and it’s easy to see why his depiction came under fire for reinforcing Native American stereotypes instead of overcoming them.
53. The Last Airbender (2010)
Writer-director M. Night Shyamalan breaks from crafting spooky original stories with mostly contrived third-act twists to take on a long-winded and incoherent fantasy epic based on a popular animated series. Something something something about an imaginary era in which the world is divided into four nations and the Fire Nation wars with the others for domination; currently sitting at 5 percent on Rotten Tomatoes.
52. Judge Dredd (1995)
John Travolta wasn’t the only beloved ’70s-bred star who staged a seriously impressive comeback in the mid-’90s. Witness the case of Sylvester Stallone, whose career was in peril thanks to the troubled trifecta of Rocky V, Oscar, and Stop! Or My Mom Will Shoot. But he got it right with Cliffhanger in 1993—an action-packed Die Hard–on-a-mountain thriller. Stallone shot back up to the A-list that summer, along with the T. Rex from Jurassic Park. However, this grim sci-pic two years later, which launched a dozen headlines with the word “dread” in the title, is a step back. As a law enforcer of an urban wasteland, he wears a suit so big and bulky that Rocky Balboa could have hung it in a meat locker and used it as a speed bag.
51. The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle (2000)
At the turn of the century, nostalgia still ran sufficiently deep for the cartoon characters Rocket T. Squirrel and Bullwinkle J. Moose—as well as their Eastern Bloc rivals, spies Boris (Jason Alexander) and Natasha (Rene Russo) and the Fearless Leader (Robert De Niro). This scattered hybrid of animation and live action aimed to be the next Who Framed Roger Rabbit? but instead came dangerously close to Howard the Duck.
50. License to Wed (2007)
With this tepid comedy, we realized once and for all that Robin Williams could not, in fact, spin the most insipid and formulaic script into gold. He’s the in-demand reverend who won’t bless the union of an engaged couple (John Krasinski and Mandy Moore!) until they pass his silly marriage prep course. We’re lucky Krasinski and Moore didn’t get their super-appealing celeb licenses revoked.
49. Larry Crowne (2011)
How peculiar that America’s Dad and America’s Sweetheart—i.e., Tom Hanks and Julia Roberts, duh—have teamed up for two movies, yet both projects failed to capitalize on their supersized charms. Big mistake. Big. Huge! Charlie Wilson’s War was so-so project No. 1; this sitcom-y romantic comedy is No. 2. When it comes to sparkling chemistry with his leading lady, Hanks (playing a downsized exec turned college student) is no Richard Gere.
48. I Love Trouble (1994)
Maybe we shouldn’t be too hard on Larry Crowne. After all, we still got to see Hanks and Roberts play it breezy and easy. It could have been worse. She could have, say, languished in a misfire screwball comedy and attempted to sell a romance with a crabby Nick Nolte. (Cowritten by Nancy Meyers!)
47. Baby’s Day Out (1994)
I just studied the IMDB entry for this movie and refuse to believe its contents. Apparently, this lame-brained comedy about a wealthy baby’s abduction and subsequent escape in Chicago is one of John Hughes’s final original screenwriting credits. I weep for the future.
46. The Shadow (1994)
You can’t blame Alec Baldwin if he’s trying to forget the summer of 1994. Not only did he sport a silly fedora, cops-and-robbers-style bandanna, and black cape to be the Shadow—a character so dated that Citizen Kane director Orson Welles once played him on the radio—and proceed to watch it flop at the box office, but he also must have seethed as the Harrison Ford–starring Clear & Present Danger became the highest-grossing Tom Clancy adaptation ever. Baldwin, of course, was the original Jack Ryan in The Hunt for Red October but claimed in his memoir that he was pushed out to make room for Ford.
45. Blown Away (1994)
Tommy Lee Jones is a former member of the Irish Republican Army who escapes from jail and tries to pick off members of Boston’s police bomb squad and ... you know, maybe we should all just go ahead and write off the summer of 1994.
44. Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011)
Not bad if you have a thing for lousy scripts, bombastic 3D effects, migraine-inducing edits, and lots of stuff being blown up. Oh, and 157 minutes to spare for finding out what would happen if robots were discovered by Apollo astronauts on the 1969 moon landing.
43. The Way, Way Back (2013)
This should have been one of those movies that world-premiered up at the mountains at the Sundance Film Festival to a swarm of positive buzz, leading to cred as a summer sleeper hit and maybe a few Indie Spirit Awards. Just one problem: Even though this shaggy coming-of-age comedy reunites Little Miss Sunshine’s Steve Carell and Toni Collette, costars Sam Rockwell, Maya Rudolph, Allison Janney, and Amanda Peete, is scripted by Oscar-winners and actors Jim Rash and Nat Faxon (The Descendants), mostly takes place at a good-times water park over the summer, and features a sing-along to Mr. Mister’s “Kyrie,” it’s just so-so. The lesson? You can’t manufacture likeability.
42. Son in Law (1993)
It was Beverly Hills scholar Cher Horowitz who once reminded us that searching for a boy in high school is as useless as searching for meaning in a Pauly Shore movie. In other words, July 4 weekend was the ideal time to unveil this dippy but sorta watchable comedy about an innocent country girl (Carla Gugino) who goes away to school, befriends Shore’s party-hearty dude character and then brings him back to the South Dakota farm—where he pretends to be her fiancé. Please note his name is Crawl.
41. About Last Night ... (1986)
This is one of the more underrated Brat Pack offerings, and not just because of the Elizabeth Perkins–as-best-friend factor or because the source material is a 1974 David Mamet play. One year after Rob Lowe regaled Demi Moore about the legend of St. Elmo’s Fire in her barren hot-pink bedroom, the stars take the drama down a few notches as yuppie Chicago 20-somethings. A hot one-night stand leads to an up-and-down committed relationship. Sure-fire sign that things are getting serious: a montage of love and affection set to a Bob Seger torch song.
40. The Karate Kid Part III (1989)
No Johnny Lawrence? Fine, then no respectable ranking.
39. Hancock (2008)
On the thematic upside, the superhero at the center of this quirky satire shares a name with the man who signed his name nice and big on the Declaration of Independence. But given the talent involved, it’s still an underwhelming effort. Oh, you think I’m referring to a cast that includes Will Smith, Charlize Theron, Jason Bateman, and Friday Night Lights’ Brad “Buddy Garrity” Leland as Executive No. 3? Not really, for this script is cowritten by brilliant Breaking Bad auteur Vince Gilligan.
38. Superman Returns (2006)
Once upon a time, the fate of the most storied superhero of all time lay in the hands of Bryan Singer. He delivered a heavily nostalgic albeit cumbersome iteration that hasn’t aged particularly well over the past 14 years—especially compared to the sprightly MCU movies that followed. That’s Brandon Routh as the Man of Steel, Kate Bosworth as Lois Lane, and Kevin Spacey as Lex Luthor, all of whom were a one-and-done in the franchise. Singer does closely follow the saga that director Richard Donner laid out in 1978’s wonderful Superman and its 1980 sequel—he even keeps the whooshing, John Williams–scored opening credits. He also seemingly spins the world backward to erase the awful Superman III and IV: The Quest for Peace from the narrative. And yet!
37. Scary Movie 2 (2001)
Scary Movie was such a monster hit in the summer of 2000 that the Wayans brothers had to whip up a sequel at warp speed. (Interestingly, the same fate befell Kevin Williamson and Wes Craven after Scream did big box office returns in 1996.) The result is a hit-and-miss, palpably rushed follow-up.
36. Legally Blonde 2: Red, White and Blonde (2003)
What, like it’s hard to devise a worthy sequel to the sunniest (and pinkest) comedy ever? Yes, in fact! Reese Witherspoon’s Elle Woods and her little dog Bruiser go to Washington D.C. to work for a senator and triumph in the Beltway. Alas, all those blonde jokes aren’t as fun this time around.
35. Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie (1995)
Ivan Ooze wreaks vengeance on Zordon for imprisoning him. It’s up to the Rangers to head to a distant planet called Phaedos to hunt down the mystic warrior Dulcea and obtain the Great Power. Hard to believe, but for fans of the popular kids series, that plotline made perfect sense. The adaptation was a mild hit and is kind of considered a cult classic. The cast? All you really need to know is that Pink Ranger Amy Jo Johnson went on to play Julie in Felicity.
34. Despicable Me 2 (2013)
My nephew loves this franchise and thinks that the minions are hilarious, so there’s that.
33. The Amazing Spider-Man (2012)
This entry is part of a group of Fourth of July Spider-Mans, but it doesn’t match the others in terms of story (how many more times can we watch poor Uncle Ben get shot in his car?), casting (Andrew Garfield never looks comfortable in the title role), special effects (the spider webs never pop off the screen) or, just, you know, overall quality. Even costar Sally Field admitted the movie is blah and that she only took the role of Aunt May as a favor to her ailing friend, producer Laura Ziskin.
32. Public Enemies (2009)
This should have been great. As in, GREAT. To recap: It’s a sprawling historical crime drama in which a top FBI agent (played by Christian Bale) doggedly pursues notorious bank robber John Dillinger (played by Johnny Depp). Marion Cotillard, fresh off her Oscar win, Billy Crudup, and Channing Tatum fill out supporting roles. Legendary director Michael Mann is behind the camera. But the ambitious cat-and-mouse saga never reaches full boil like, well, Mann’s epic Heat 14 years earlier.
31. Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003)
No James Cameron, no Linda Hamilton, no Edward Furlong, no Robert Patrick, and needless to say, no Michael Biehn. But we do get Arnold Schwarzenegger—once again playing for the good guys—attempting to save adult John Connor (Nick Stahl) from a new Terminator (Kristanna Loken) sent from the future. Director Jonathan Mostow (U-571) actually doesn’t embarrass himself with this lean-and-mean follow-up to one of the greatest sequels of all time. Which we’ll get to much, much later ...
30. Men in Black 2 (2002)
Summer sequel math: Will Smith + Tommy Lee Jones – Vincent D’Onofrio – Linda Fiorentino + Michael Jackson = Fail.
29. Phenomenon (1996)
John Travolta is riding a white-hot streak of Pulp Fiction and Get Shorty. So powerful is he, taking on the role of a mere mortal seems beneath him. Enter this mawkish New Age–y fable, in which he plays a mechanic who sees a flash of light and suddenly becomes deity-like. With newfound abilities, he can move objects with his brain! Travolta also plays a non-Earthling in his next movie, Michael, and four years later in Battlefield Earth. Moving on ...
28. The Patriot (2000)
Look, a seemingly ideal Fourth of July entry! Except, um, that’s Mel Gibson leading the charge of the American Revolution in a violent 158-minute epic made by the Independence Day guys and let’s just say that staging 1917-esque historical battle scenes isn’t their forte. Heath Ledger shines as the oldest of Gibson’s seven children; his death is both devastating and hilariously operatic.
27. The Great Mouse Detective (1986)
As if I’d leave out Disney’s most endearing use of big-screen vermin—that is, until Ratatouille eclipsed it 20 years later. This spoof of Sherlock Holmes features the voice work of Vincent Price, an original score from Henry Mancini, and is directed by the guys who went on to helm The Little Mermaid, Beauty & the Beast, and Aladdin.
26. Summer of Sam (1999)
A decade after the groundbreaking social and visual drama Do the Right Thing, director Spike Lee presses the rewind button to focus on the restless New York City summer of 1977. The scorching intensity remains, albeit with less emotional resonance. Interestingly, Lee shares a writing credit with Michael Imperioli. There must be a great story behind that.
25. Like Mike (2002)
The only movie on this list whose title was inspired by the tagline of a Gatorade commercial, this comedy boasts the lineup of an NBA All-Star Game but lacks its ultra-entertaining offensive display. The movie, of course, centers on teen Calvin (rapper Lil Bow Wow), who finds a pair of sneakers with the faded “MJ” initials written inside. After putting them on, he becomes a basketball hot shot, playing against the likes of David Robinson, Dirk Nowitzki, Allen Iverson, Alonzo Mourning, Steve Nash, Tracy McGrady, Vince Carter, Gary Payton, Rasheed Wallace, Jason Kidd, Jason Richardson, and Chris Webber. Michael Jordan himself, however, does not appear. (Also confusing: Every real-life NBA team exists in the Like Mike universe except the Los Angeles Lakers; Calvin plays for the L.A. Knights instead. Kobe Bryant also doesn’t exist in this universe—Calvin’s nemesis turned mentor turned adopted father is a Kobe type played by Morris Chestnut.)
24. Innerspace (1987)
Hurray for the 1980s and its goofy high-concept sci-fi comedies. Did you think E.T. was too heart-wrenching? Then try Short Circuit, in which a lovable robot named Number 5 escapes from a research facility and learns to interact with Steve Guttenberg and Ally Sheedy while yelling out “Number 5 is alive!!!!” and dancing to an El DeBarge song. But I digress. Here we have Dennis Quaid as a Navy test pilot who undergoes a top-secret miniaturization experiment and accidentally gets injected into the body of a hypochondriac clerk (Martin Short). Quaid’s then-love interest Meg Ryan is the love interest. Absurd fun with Amblin technology to boot.
23. Adventures in Babysitting (1987)
I see your summertime blues and raise it with the babysitting blues. May I also offer: Bradley Whitford driving his own car, complete with an Illinois So Cool vanity plate befitting his jerk character; Vincent D’Onofrio with flowing blonde, Noah Syndergaard–like locks, which prompt a little girl to refer to him as Thor; and Elizabeth Shue stopping a gang fight on a Chicago subway by declaring, “Don’t f#$#% with the babysitter!”
22. War of the Worlds (2005)
Tom Cruise and Steven Spielberg follow up the masterful Minority Report with a modern rendition of the H.G. Wells aliens-take-over-the-Earth classic. It’s a gripping ride, with no shortage of well-choreographed CGI’ed set pieces. That said, how many of these set pieces do you even remember 15 years later?
21. Big Trouble in Little China (1986)
Having crafted some of the most iconic horror films of all time, director John Carpenter decided to chuck logic and make a campy mystical action-adventure-comedy-kung-fu-monster ghost story. Behold Kurt Russell, channeling Indiana Jones on hallucinogens, getting tangled up in the supernatural dealings of an ancient Chinese cult in San Francisco. (It’s a long story.) A box-office flop in the 1980s, it actually enjoyed a second life thanks to the wonderful world of video rentals.
20. Boomerang (1992)
Maybe we should start with the soundtrack: It’s a ’90s slow-jam classic, a mix of mammoth hits (Boys II Men’s “End of The Road,” P.M. Dawn’s “I’d Die Without You”) and contributions from a very young Toni Braxton, TLC, A Tribe Called Quest, Johnny Gill, and Grace Jones. On the screen, we have Eddie Murphy as an obnoxious womanizer who meets his match with his glamazon new corporate boss (Robin Givens)—and ends up falling for a down-to-Earth artist (Halle Berry). Hurray for these two smart and independent women, both of whom go toe-to-toe with Murphy. (Not just saying that because his character has a hang-up about ugly feet.)
19. The Perfect Storm (2000)
Quick: Name the star of this movie. If you guessed George Clooney, Mark Wahlberg, John C. Reilly, Diane Lane, William Fichtner, Michael Ironside, or John Hawkes—or even Karen Allen (she’s on the sailboat)—then you’re mistaken. The answer is that mammoth CGI-enhanced wall-of-water tidal wave that renders this fact-based action pic into Twister on the high seas. The poor men aboard the doomed Andrea Gail in 1991 never stood a chance.
18. Magic Mike XXL (2015)
Because the sight of Joe Manganiello gyrating against a convenience store fridge to the dulcet sounds of “I Want It That Way” is what summertime euphoria is all about.
17. Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018)
If Avengers: Infinity War and Avengers: Endgame were the mighty tent poles of the MCU universe over the past few years, this amiable sequel was the hammock between them. Paul Rudd and Evangeline Lilly keep it light and leisurely, as there’s never any doubt that they won’t team up and take care of whatever mishigas is going on inside that Quantum Realm.
16. The Devil Wears Prada (2006)
Originally scheduled as lightweight counterprogramming opposite Superman Returns, the smash quick-witted comedy is still considered a zeitgeist behemoth with unabashed loyalists that include John Legend and the 2016 Green Bay Packers. Its fabulousness knows no written boundaries, but in this context, let’s salute the incomparable Meryl Streep for portraying soft-spoken editor Miranda Priestley as both an icy ultrademanding villain and a cool-headed superhero with the fortitude to steer a wildly influential fashion magazine. (Moment of silence for the period when fashion-magazine employment was still a jealousy-inducing big deal.) Prada is also endlessly quotable, taught us the difference between cerulean and lapis, and turned Emily Blunt into a star. That’s all.
15. The Firm (1993)
Eh, sure, I could rave about the twisty mystery-suspense plot. Or the classy tip-top cast, which includes Gene Hackman, Ed Harris, Holly Hunter, Hal Holbrook, Paul Sorvino, Jeanne Tripplehorn, David Strathairn, and Margo Martindale as Tom Cruise’s secretary at the shady mob-connected firm of Bendini, Lambert and Locke. Or single out Gary Busey as a sleazy P.I. who dies a hero in his office after refusing to divulge why he’s asking questions about dead lawyers. But those attributes are big whatevers in comparison to the most unlikely scene in the history of cinema: A frenzied Cruise kicking and beating the crap out of a helpless Wilford Brimley while yelping out, “You! Sick! Son! Of! A! Bitch!!!!”
14. Transformers (2007)
We now travel back to the days of yore, when the very first live-action Autobots vs. Decepticons showdown towered as a quintessential big, loud, dumb-fun blockbuster. That’s because director Michael Bay somehow taps into the toy-playing child in all of us—and delivers bonanza special effects in nearly every frame. This movie is going to make a fascinating chapter in star Shia LaBeouf’s future memoir, fingers crossed.
13. Die Hard 2: Die Harder (1990)
“How can the same thing happen to the same guy twice?” Stop asking rhetorical questions, John McClane, and just figure out how to access the secret underground tunnel that will lead you smack dab in the middle of the Washington-Dulles airport runway so you can stop sinister Colonel Stuart from diverting planes into the Potomac and make sure he doesn’t escape with the criminal drug warlord in tow!!!! A movie with less authenticity than Transformers, the thrill here is watching our hero triumph as neither snow nor sleet nor hand grenades nor airport power failures nor machine guns nor martial-arts fighting on the wing of an in-motion, fully fueled 747 can keep him down—or stop him from cracking wise.
12. South Park: Bigger, Longer, Uncut (1999)
Credit Matt Stone and Trey Parker and “Blame Canada” for delivering a rude, audacious, and straight-up hilarious musical wonder.
11. A League of Their Own (1992)
Now is as good a time as ever to remember what Tom Hanks once told us about America’s Pastime. Not the crying thing, but that the hard is what makes baseball great. Under director Penny Marshall’s guidance (she is the only female director on this list), this story of the scrappy players in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League circa World War II is like a cloudless sky at the ballpark with the fragrance of Cracker Jacks, grilled hot dogs, and beer wafting through the air and the nostalgic aura to match. Your MVP? While Hanks, Geena Davis, Lori Petty, and Rosie O’Donnell are all easy to root for, the vote goes to Madonna as gum-chomping Rockford Peach spitfire “All the Way” Mae. You’ve got to respect a woman who can vogue and slide into third.
10. Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019)
9. Spider-Man 2 (2004)
8. Spider-Man Homecoming (2017)
The awkward teen with the ability to shoot webs out of his hands has done what the Shadow and Judge Dredd could only dream of: become the most reliable superhero of the summer. Start with Spider-Man 2, a surprisingly poignant young-adult drama starring Tobey Maguire and Kirsten Dunst that many experts maintain is one of the best entries in the genre, period. And while The Amazing Spider-Man was a step back, this franchise is nothing if not amazingly resilient: Homecoming and its sequel Far From Home are both fast and funny, thanks in large part to star Tom Holland’s charismatic, wide-eyed portrayal of Peter Parker and his alter ego. Hopefully the cameras start rolling on the third chapter before the British actor grows out of the role and is forced to bequeath it to some TikTok star.
7. Apollo 13 (1995)
It was marketed as a rah-rah true story chronicling the story of the NASA astronauts who nearly died trying to get to the moon in 1970. So even without the benefit of Wikipedia, we knew full well Jim Lovell (Tom Hanks), Jack Swigert (Kevin Bacon), and Fred Haise (Bill Paxton) would defy the odds—not to mention the Problem—and splash down safely in Florida and live to tell their harrowing tale. And yet, director Ron Howard provides heart-pounding and exhilarating suspense inside that vomit comet. The chest-thumping displays of good old-fashioned tenacity and teamwork helped, too.
6. Armageddon (1998)
Produced by Jerry Bruckheimer, directed by Michael Bay, scripted by six credited screenwriters, and starring Bruce Willis at his most Bruce Willis-y, this blockbuster was seemingly formulated in a lab to be the biggest moneymaker of the year ... and the experiment worked! Whereas the similarly plotted Deep Impact, released in May 1998, relied on cerebral conversations about the haves vs. have-nots as an asteroid hurtled toward Earth, its July rival said “to hell with informed thoughts” and awed us with its blunt-force booms and effectively dopey dialogue (“I’m just tryin’ to have fun before I die!”) with an Aerosmith power ballad chaser. Brilliant.
5. Men in Black (1997)
Perhaps it took last year’s DOA disaster Men in Black: International for fans to truly appreciate the joys of the original. Actually, nah, we’ve known it all along. Will Smith and Tommy Lee Jones play it perfectly as the galaxy defenders who experience close encounters of the alien kind in a terrifically entertaining effort that manages to be funny, hip, and, at just 98 minutes, super zippy. A perfect theme song and video as well.
4. Coming to America (1988)
It’s 1987; Eddie Murphy isn’t just the king of comedy, he has the clout to go to the head of Paramount and sell a fairy tale about an African prince who, after years of being adored by worshipful women, heads to Queens, New York, to get a real life and find a real wife. The pitch results in a mega-crowd-pleaser. Fans are treated to hilarious hijinks, a surprisingly sweet story, and some Trading Places closure. (Hurray for no spoilers in a social-media-free world!) It’s the most durable comedy of the Murphy milieu, and, if we’re being honest, it’s a mixed blessing that he decided to add to an already-perfect confection with a December sequel. Doesn’t he realize that satisfying follow-ups are nearly impossible to pull off? To wit ...
3. Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
If you’re compiling a list of movies in which the sequel surpasses the already-pristine original, you have to start with The Godfather Part II. Then cite Aliens, Terminator 2, and, uh, that’s about it. James Cameron’s spectacular follow-up about a cyborg assassin sent back in time to take out the future resistance leader excels on all levels—from death-defying stunts to nifty chase scenes to state-of-the-art special effects to the tension that leaves knuckles whitened and nails bitten down to the nub. The money is on the screen every time the truly menacing Robert Patrick (and his cold, dead blue eyes) dissolves into liquid metal to assume the shape of anything he touches. Badass Linda Hamilton and her biceps are the real deal.
2. Back to the Future (1985)
There was a fascinating Twitter debate a few months ago about the most perfect movie in history. When a few fans pushed back on a narrative flaw in this time-traveling classic—how could the new and improved 1985 versions of Lorraine and George McFly not recognize that their youngest son strongly resembles the cool, skateboarding teen at Hill Valley High School who played matchmaker for them 30 years earlier?—co-screenwriter Bob Gale filled in the blanks. Keep in mind, he explained, that Marty was in town for only a week back in October 1955 and without the help of photographs, their memories faded over time. That settled it: Back to the Future really is the most perfect movie in history, and fans should be grateful every day that Family Ties creator Gary David Goldberg allowed his star Michael J. Fox to pull double duty and get in that DeLorean.
But is it the most perfect Fourth of July movie? Not quite. Now, make like a tree ... and keep reading.
1. Independence Day (1996)
Boom. And frankly, the only way to commemorate this ultimate so-bad-it’s-rad sci-fi thriller is to paraphrase Bill Pullman’s rousing Presidential speech. You know the one. Here goes.
[Clears throat.] In the past 24 years, Independence Day has held up as the largest, most bombastic movie in the history of patriotic cinema. Cinema. That word has new meaning today. We can’t be consumed by our petty logic issues anymore, like how Jeff Goldblum and Judd Hirsch beat gridlock traffic in Washington D.C. to get to the White House before the countdown clock went to zero, or how Will Smith knew how to command an alien spaceship. So perhaps it’s fate that on the Fourth of July, we will once again turn to this splendid cheese-whiz entertainment. Not for its brilliant plotting or its nuanced character development, or to catch a glimpse of the actress who played Kelly Kapowski’s roommate on Saved by the Bell: The College Years ... but for our right to see a movie in which we don’t have to use any brain cells. For the Fourth of July should no longer be known as an American holiday, but as the day when director Roland Emmerich gave us a reason to unite. We will not go quietly into that good night and stream The BFG and The Karate Kid Part III! We’re going to go big and watch Randy Quaid help defeat slimy aliens! Today we celebrate our Independence Day!
Mara Reinstein is a New York City–based film critic and entertainment journalist who contributes to Us Weekly, Billboard, The Cut, HuffPost, and Parade.
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 11
|
https://www.bbc.co.uk/teach/articles/z43k382
|
en
|
A brief history of Stephen Hawking
|
[
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p02mtkdd.jpg",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p02mtkdd.jpg",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p02n58pc.jpg",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p02n58pc.jpg",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p02n58rs.jpg",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p02n58rs.jpg",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p02mltg3.jpg",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p02mltg3.jpg",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p02n58q7.jpg",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p02n58q7.jpg",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p02mlm09.jpg",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p02mlm09.jpg",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p02mllpj.jpg",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p02mllpj.jpg",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0612yk5.jpg",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/480xn/p0612yk5.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2019-08-27T00:00:00
|
Stephen Hawking is one of the most recognisable figures in modern science. His book 'A Brief History of Time' explained modern Physics to the public.
|
en
|
BBC Teach
|
https://www.bbc.co.uk/teach/articles/z43k382
|
The man who sought a âtheory of everythingâ
Stephen Hawking was the most recognisable scientist of modern times. His life fascinated people for decades, culminating in an Oscar-winning portrayal of him in the film 'The Theory of Everything'.
The film's title was a nod to his scientific life. Hawking spent years looking for a single theory that describes our Universe. And despite debilitating illness, he was one of science's great popularisers, conveying his ideas to millions.
8 Jan 1942
A very normal young man
Hawking was born on 8 January 1942 and grew up in St Albans, the eldest of four siblings.
His father was a research biologist and his mother a medical research secretary, so it was not surprising that he was interested in science. As a student he was drawn to physics and maths as he believed they offered the most fundamental insights into the world. But nothing marked him out as special from his classmates or in his first term at Oxford University.
1965
Stephen marries Jane Wilde
Stephen got a first in Physics from Oxford, and started a PhD at Cambridge. His own private universe expanded when he proposed to his future wife.
Jane was also from St Albans, and was a modern languages undergraduate. She had met Hawking at a New Yearâs party, before his diagnosis. The couple decided to marry quickly, because they did not know how long Stephen had to live. As Stephen's health deteriorated, he took to walking with a stick. Jane, who was two years younger than her fiancé, had to seek a special exemption from her college as students were not normally allowed to wed.
1966
A new way of thinking about the world
Hawking escaped the limits of his disability by training his mind to work in a new way.
As he started to lose the use of his limbs, he developed a way of visualising problems in his mind to reach a solution instead of by writing equations. Some of his colleagues have suggested that this way of thinking has led to his greatest discoveries. Hawking was now working on one of science's most bizarre ideas â black holes. An extreme prediction of Einstein's general theory of relativity, they are created when huge stars collapse to zero size and infinite density â known as a 'singularity'.
1970
Could black holes provide clues to how the Universe began?
Hawking's work on black holes helped prove the idea of a 'Big Bang' at the birth of the Universe.
Developed in the 1940s, Big Bang theory was still not accepted by all cosmologists. Working with mathematician Roger Penrose, Hawking realised that black holes were like the Big Bang in reverse â and that meant the maths he'd used to describe black holes also described the Big Bang. It was a key moment in showing the Big Bang really happened. As his body deteriorated, Hawking's career was taking off.
1974
In search of fundamental laws of physics
Hawking realised black holes could be a way to explore physics' holy grail: a unified theory that combined general relativity with quantum mechanics.
These two powerful but incompatible theories describe the universe at the cosmic scale and subatomic scale respectively. Hawking's attempts to combine them produced a surprising result â that black holes should shine. This effect is now known as 'Hawking radiation'. The work cemented his reputation as a key thinker of his generation. In 1974 he was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society, aged 32, and one of the youngest people to achieve this honour.
1979
Hawking chosen as the heir to Isaac Newton
Aged 35, Hawking became Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge â a post held by some of Britainâs most important physicists including Newton.
He had reached a pinnacle of intellectual achievement despite the facts motor neurone disease had ravaged his body, he could no longer walk or feed himself, used an electric wheelchair to get around, and slurred his speech so much that many struggled to understand him. Yet he had already outlived the predictions of his doctors by more than ten years.
1985
Stephen loses his voice but finds a new one
While in Geneva, Hawking was admitted to hospital with a life-threatening bout of pneumonia. His life was in the balance.
Doctors could only save Stephen by performing an operation that robbed him of his ability to speak. Now he could only communicate by raising his eyebrows. Stephen was distraught, but once again he refused to be beaten. His friends helped him use a cutting-edge speech synthesizer which gave him a distinctive new voice. One of his first requests once heâd mastered the system was that someone should help him complete a new book he had been working on.
1988
A Brief History of Time
Hawking's introduction to cosmology is one of the best-selling books of all time.
Hawking wanted to explain his work to the public, and to make some money to provide for his family as his health declined. A Brief History of Time was a best-seller for four years. Hawking believes its success is down to giving people access to great philosophical questions, but acknowledges human interest boosted sales. The book went on to sell over nine million copies. It turned Hawking into a celebrity and transformed his life.
1995
Stephen marries for a second time
After 25 years of marriage and three children, Stephen and Jane Hawking separated and divorced. Stephen married his nurse, Elaine Mason.
As Hawking had become a household name, his home life had suffered. Fame and illness proved too much of a strain. Hawking described his new relationship with Elaine Mason as 'passionate and tempestuous'. His second marriage lasted eleven years. He cited the pressure of his illness for its eventual breakdown.
1999
An icon of popular culture
In 1999, Stephen achieved what many regard as the ultimate accolade: his first guest appearance on the Simpsons.
By now he was an iconic figure, as famous for his public writings and cameos as for his scientific papers. He had presented a documentary series, 'Stephen Hawking's Universe', guest starred on âStar Trek: The Next Generationâ and lent his distinctive voice to Pink Floydâs album âThe Division Bellâ. And he continued to publish popular science books.
2004
The black hole information paradox
Hawking's work on black holes continued. In 2004, he came up with a bold new idea, over the question of whether black holes break the laws of physics.
One of the ideas underpinning quantum theory is that physical properties of subatomic particles (or 'information') cannot be destroyed. For years, Hawking argued that black holes don't destroy information, but never shown how. At a conference, everyone expected a defiant defence of his ideas. Instead Hawking made a startling U-turn. His controversial new theory â that the information is transmitted into other universes â demonstrated he was still rethinking his image of the Universe.
2009
Stephen declares âIâm not retiringâ
As required by Cambridge University regulations, Hawking stepped down from the post of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics when he turned 67.
By now, he could no longer use his hand to operate his wheelchair, and could only communicate by moving his cheek muscles to control his speech synthesizer. However, he announced that he intended to continue working. Unable to take on the administrative responsibilities of most senior scientists, he was able to continue what he did best - thinking. He took up a new post at Cambridge and continued publishing in leading journals.
2014
Hawking celebrated on the silver screen
In âThe Theory of Everythingâ, Eddie Redmayne gave an Oscar-winning portrayal of Hawking.
The film was based on the book âTravelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephenâ, by Stephenâs first wife Jane. Jane and Stephen collaborated with the production team, and he allowed his voice to be used on the soundtrack. Hawking himself praised the film and claimed he had trouble distinguishing photographs of his early life from photographs of Redmayne. The film became a lasting testament to Stephen's ability to inspire scientists and the public alike.
2018
An astounding life
In March, Professor Stephen Hawking died. For fifty-five years, he defied a disease that should have killed him in five.
The time spent since his diagnosis was not just about survival â he produced all of his world-changing work. His brilliant theories advanced the ideas of Einstein and ushered Hawking into the pantheon of important modern physicists. His surprise top-selling book and iconic appearance may have introduced and endeared him to the general public, but his ideas on gravity, black holes and the Big Bang will be his greatest legacy.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 44
|
https://www.gamesradar.com/how-to-watch-marvel-movies-in-order-mcu/
|
en
|
How to watch the Marvel movies in order (release date and chronological)
|
[
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/gamesradar/media/shared/img/flags/nosize/GB.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/gamesradar/media/shared/img/flags/nosize/GB.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/gamesradar/media/shared/img/flags/nosize/US.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/gamesradar/media/shared/img/flags/nosize/CA.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/gamesradar/media/shared/img/flags/nosize/AU.svg",
"https://mos.fie.futurecdn.net/logos/models/v6kfsy6mgsodxtwb-16160825752082.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/FRRRYALKjetCX594gWv289-320-80.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/BHKhK7awmeYEmjHAybmtDX-320-80.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/2zimuzZc9XoW6aRRZMSQh6-200-100.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/XTRmNvxc3KgxhVTs4eqzuZ-320-80.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/YyaehhBZVA8SVTHuCcuf39-320-80.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/9RNCmcuuQWUuiagPvYBVUS-320-80.jpeg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/tiNEFoyqjMeN9AYGVcE2MP-320-80.jpg",
"https://cdn.mos.cms.futurecdn.net/vbdnAGuSdj9w89uCP5Z2qM-320-80.jpg",
"https://images.fie.futurecdn.net/sw60jadkrsd9luir-17115787918917-100-80.png",
"https://images.fie.futurecdn.net/logos/networks/x4mavtpdopla3hjg-15735685231975-100-80.png",
"https://images.fie.futurecdn.net/sw60jadkrsd9luir-17115787918917-100-80.png",
"https://imp.pxf.io/i/221109/1617618/9358",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://vanilla.futurecdn.net/cyclingnews/media/img/missing-image.svg",
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p/?c1=2&c2=10055482&cv=4.4.0&cj=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Bradley Russell",
"Jack Shepherd",
"Emma-Jane Betts"
] |
2023-01-25T16:26:51+00:00
|
A guide on how to watch the Marvel movies in order in 2024, with both release date and chronological order lists for the MCU
|
en
|
gamesradar
|
https://www.gamesradar.com/how-to-watch-marvel-movies-in-order-mcu/
|
Are you about to watch the Marvel movies in order? At first glance, the prospect of watching every single MCU film and TV show is daunting. However, we're here to break things down for you in simple fashion - all thanks to our release date and chronological order guides.
With Deadpool & Wolverine now out in cinemas and a Captain America: Brave New World trailer whetting our appetites elsewhere, it's clearly the right moment to start an MCU marathon and watch all of the Marvel movies and Disney Plus shows from start to finish. Failing that, now's a good a time as any to either refresh your memory on how everything connects after 16 years and almost 50 projects.
Below, you’ll find the complete guide on how to watch Marvel movies and shows in order. From Iron Man through to Echo, we’ve got the full release date order in easy-to-read list form for the MCU.
For the veterans among you, we then head back to the beginning of the Marvel timeline with Captain America in the 1940s for a trip down memory lane as we revisit the Marvel movies in chronological order. That even includes which year each MCU movie and show is set in. It's a small detail but a significant one when it comes to Marvel Studios' grand tapestry.
If you have more questions, the answers are waiting for you here. There's also the latest on how to watch the Marvel movies in order on Disney Plus, whether Spider-Man, Daredevil, or X-Men are considered canon, and so much more.
For everything else coming soon, check out our full rundown on the upcoming Marvel movies. If you're seeking extra watch orders, check out our guides on how to watch the Star Wars movies in order, how to watch Demon Slayer in order, and how to watch The Walking Dead in order.
How to watch the Marvel movies in order – release order
First up, here's how to watch the Marvel movies and shows in release date order. This is the best order for MCU newcomers and those who want to keep things simple and straightforward. To make the release date order easier to read, we've divided the list into Phases, beginning with 2008's Iron Man.
Marvel Phase 1:
Iron Man (2008)
The Incredible Hulk (2008)
Iron Man 2 (2010)
Thor (2011)
Captain America: The First Avenger (2011)
The Avengers (2012)
Marvel Phase 2:
Iron Man 3 (2013)
Thor: The Dark World (2013)
Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014)
Guardians of the Galaxy (2014)
Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015)
Ant-Man (2015)
Marvel Phase 3:
Captain America: Civil War (2016)
Doctor Strange (2016)
Guardians of the Galaxy 2 (2017)
Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017)
Thor: Ragnarok (2017)
Black Panther (2017)
Avengers: Infinity War (2018)
Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018)
Captain Marvel (2019)
Avengers: Endgame (2019)
Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019)
Marvel Phase 4:
WandaVision (2021) [Disney Plus]
Falcon and the Winter Soldier (2021) [Disney Plus]
Loki season 1 (2021) [Disney Plus]
Black Widow (2021)
What If...? (2021) [Disney Plus]
Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings (2021)
Eternals (2021)
Hawkeye (2021) [Disney Plus]
Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021)
Moon Knight (2022) [Disney Plus]
Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022)
Ms. Marvel (2022) [Disney Plus]
Thor: Love and Thunder (2022)
I Am Groot (2022) [Disney Plus]
She-Hulk (2022) [Disney Plus]
Werewolf By Night (2022) [Disney Plus]
Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (2022)
Guardians of the Galaxy Christmas Special (2022) [Disney Plus]
Marvel Phase 5
Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania (2023)
Guardians of the Galaxy 3 (2023)
Secret Invasion (2023) [Disney Plus]
Loki season 2 (2023) [Disney Plus]
The Marvels (2023)
What If...? season 2 (2023) [Disney Plus]
Echo (2024) [Disney Plus]
Deadpool & Wolverine (2024)
Need more context? The MCU is split into Phases, with the end of a Phase typically indicating a natural end to a story arc. The beginning of a Phase, therefore, signals the introduction of new, important characters.
Phases 1-3 are often referred to as the Infinity Saga, while Phases 4-5 form part of the new Multiverse Saga with Kang and the Multiverse. Deadpool & Wolverine is the most recent entry in terms of release date order, for more on that new movie, check out our Deadpool & Wolverine review.
You might also notice the above MCU watch order list includes the Disney Plus shows, such as WandaVision, Falcon and The Winter Soldier, Loki, Moon Knight, She-Hulk, and so on. They're not movies, but the series are just as important to the overarching story being told in the MCU; everything canon-wise from 2008 to 2023 is on the list.
Netflix's Defenders Saga (Daredevil, The Punisher, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, Iron Fist, and The Defenders) are not considered part of the Phases but do fit into the Marvel timeline and are now back to being part of the MCU canon. Check out the chronological order below, as well as the Defenders Saga section further down, for more info.
If you want to check out the best deals for the Disney streaming service, head over to our Disney Plus bundles page.
Upcoming Marvel movies
What's next? Marvel has laid out plans for Marvel Phase 5 – which began in 2023 – and beyond. Out of the current list, well we still have the new Capatin America movie and Thunderbolts to look forward too. Fantastic Four is going to kick off Marvel's Phase 6, and hopefully, Blade won't be delayed again with it's current 2026 release date.
Recent delays mean that The Thunderbolts and Fantastic Four have shifted around again, with one theory suggesting Reed Richards and company are going to mess up the chronological order further by coming from the Sixties. So, who knows where these upcoming films take the timeline?
For now, though, here's a taste of the confirmed Marvel movies and shows coming out over the next few years; it's the perfect way for your future MCU binge-watches!
Marvel Phase 5
Deadpool & Wolverine – July 26, 2024
Agatha All Along – September 18, 2024 (Disney Plus series)
Captain America: Brave New World – February 14, 2025
Thunderbolts – May 2, 2025
Marvel Phase 6
Fantastic Four – July 25, 2025
Blade – November 7, 2025
Avengers: The Kang Dynasty – May 1, 2026
Avengers: Secret Wars – May 7, 2027
TBA (unreleased):
Armor Wars – TBA
Black Panther 3 – TBA
Daredevil: Born Again – March 2025 (Disney Plus series)
Ironheart – 2025 (Disney Plus series)
Marvel Zombies – TBA (Disney Plus series)
Nova – TBA
Shang-Chi 2 – TBA
Spider-Man: Freshman Year – TBA (Disney Plus series)
Spider-Man: Sophomore Year – TBA (Disney Plus series)
Wakanda/Okoye spin-off – TBA (Disney Plus series)
What If...? season 3 – TBA (Disney Plus series)
Wonder Man – TBA (Disney Plus series)
How to watch the Marvel movies in chronological order
Here it is, the new and improved guide on how to watch the Marvel movies and shows in chronological order.
We can thank Marvel itself for making things much clearer with the release of their 'Official Timeline' book as well as its own updated chronological order on the Marvel website. Both have eased many of our temporal-based headaches.
Better yet, this chronological list will make you see the MCU in a different light. We're going to start with Captain America: The First Avenger in the 1940s and work our way up to the MCU present day in 2026. That now includes Netflix's Marvel shows and Marvel's One Shots for the full picture.
Captain America: The First Avenger (1943-1945)
One Shot: Agent Carter (1946)
Captain Marvel (1995)
Iron Man (2008)
Iron Man 2 (2010)
The Incredible Hulk (2010)
One Shot: A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Thor’s Hammer (2010)
Thor (2010)
One Shot: The Consultant (2011)
The Avengers (2012)
One Shot: Item 47 (2012)
Thor: The Dark World (2013)
Iron Man 3 (2013)
One Shot: All Hail the King (2013)
Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014)
Guardians of the Galaxy (2014)
Guardians of the Galaxy 2 (2014)
I Am Groot seasons 1-2 (2014)
Daredevil season 1 (2014)
Jessica Jones season 1 (2015)
Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015)
Ant-Man (2015)
Daredevil season 2 (2015)
Luke Cage season 1 (2015)
Iron Fist season 1 (2016)
Marvel's Defenders (2016)
Captain America: Civil War (2016)
Black Widow (2016)
Black Panther (2016)
Spider-Man: Homecoming (2016)
The Punisher season 1 (2016)
Doctor Strange (2016-17)
Jessica Jones season 2 (2017)
Luke Cage season 2 (2017)
Iron Fist season 2 (2017)
Daredevil season 3 (2017)
Thor: Ragnarok (2017)
The Punisher season 2 (2017)
Jessica Jones season 3 (2017)
Ant-Man and the Wasp (2018)
Avengers: Infinity War (2018)
Avengers: Endgame (2018-2023)
Loki (outside of our conception of time, but around here!)
Loki season 2 (also outside of our conception of time!)
What If...? (multiverse)
WandaVision (2023)
Shang-Chi and The Legend of the Ten Rings (2024)
Falcon and the Winter Soldier (2024)
Deadpool and Wolverine (2024)
Spider-Man: Far From Home (2024)
Spider-Man: No Way Home (2024)
Eternals (2024)
Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2024)
Hawkeye (Christmas 2024)
Moon Knight (2025)
Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (2025)
Echo (2025)
She-Hulk (2025)
Ms. Marvel (2025)
The Marvels (2025)
Thor: Love and Thunder (2025)
Werewolf By Night (2025)
Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special (2025)
Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania (2026)
Guardians of the Galaxy 3 (2026)
Secret Invasion (2026)
As you can imagine, this chronological order a little less straightforward than the above release date list. But we now have official confirmation of where most of the MCU stands.
We've now reached 2025 and 2026. She-Hulk, Thor: Love and Thunder, Black Panther: Wakanda Forever, and Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania seemingly all taking place in that not-so-far-flung future year. Secret Invasion and Guardians 3, more or less, come after in 2026, but that isn't part of the official timeline book, so we're going on the Disney Plus order here. The most recent series release is Echo, which takes place five months after Hawkeye.
Marvel has also revealed the exact months or rough windows of when things happened in the MCU but, honestly, that doesn't specifically matter if you're just planning to sit down and consume them without doing what amounts to homework. All you need to know is everything is now officially correct above if you want to watch the Marvel movies in chronological order.
We should warn you, however: Marvel doesn't always take the best care with its chronological order. As such, our own timeline takes into account Marvel's official order on Disney Plus, its new book, and some calculated guesswork. Some things might not make sense in terms of canon or don't have exact details to pin down their years. Our advice? Try not to think too hard about it.
But, wait, there's more! Just before you dive into our guide into how to watch the MCU in chronological order there's some housekeeping and notes to take in: The I Am Groot short 'First Steps' takes place before Guardians 2, while the rest of the shorts happen after that sequel.
For now, we've put Secret Invasion as the latest project in chronological order as we're trusting Marvel Studios on that one. Thanks to its dabbling in the multiverse and timelines, respectively, What If...? and Loki take up arbitrary slots on the list, but Loki comes after Endgame with how the timelines have branched off.
How to watch the Marvel movies in order on Disney Plus
If you're like us, you might have assumed watching the Marvel movies and shows in order on Disney Plus would be easy. Not quite.
The vast majority of the Marvel movies are available on Disney Plus, but not everything. Currently, only Spider-Man: No Way Home and The Incredible Hulk are not available to stream on Disney Plus in the US. Even so, Disney Plus is by far the easiest way to watch the MCU in order. Let's dive into the list.
Iron Man
Thor
Iron Man 2
Captain America: The First Avenger
The Avengers
Iron Man 3
Captain America: The Winter Soldier
Thor: The Dark World
Guardians of the Galaxy
Spider-Man: Homecoming
Avengers: Age of Ultron
Ant-Man
Captain America: Civil War
Doctor Strange
Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2
Thor: Ragnarok
Black Panther
Avengers: Infinity War
Captain Marvel
Ant-Man and the Wasp
Avengers: Endgame
Spider-Man: Far From Home
WandaVision
The Falcon and the Winter Soldier
Loki
Black Widow
What If...?
Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings
Eternals
Hawkeye
Moon Knight
Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness
Ms. Marvel
She-Hulk
Thor: Love and Thunder
Werewolf By Night
Black Panther: Wakanda Forever
Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania
Secret Invasion
Guardians of the Galaxy 3
Loki season 2
Echo
The Marvels
Some things to note: You will also not find The Incredible Hulk on Disney Plus. This is because the rights to Hulk belong to Universal. As a bonus, both The Amazing Spider-Man movies are available in the US.
On top of that, The Defenders saga (Daredevil seasons 1-3, Jessica Jones seasons 1-3, Luke Cage seasons 1-2, Iron Fist, and Marvel's Defenders) are now on Disney Plus, but are separate from the list to avoid any confusion over the 'main' MCU movies and shows.
Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania and Guardians of the Galaxy 3 are also now available on Disney Plus after their cinema releases in 2023. The Marvels followed suit in February 2024. Deadpool & Wolverine isn't on Disney Plus yet and won't be for a while, as it's still playing in cinemas. We'll keep you updated as soon as a streaming release date for the Merc with the Mouth is announced!
Non-MCU Marvel movies and shows: is Spider-Man in the MCU?
The simple answer is only Spider-Man: Homecoming, Spider-Man: Far From Home, and Spider-Man: No Way Home are in the MCU. Spider-Man-centric properties such as Venom or the upcoming Kraven are part of Sony's Spider-Man universe and should be treated as a separate entity, even if there is some occasional crossover.
Now we're getting to the confusing bit: the multiverse. Thanks to Spider-Man: No Way Home, we have had various Spider-Man villains from through the multiverse in the MCU. To fully understand everyone's motives and intentions in No Way Home, you need to have watched a fair few older Spider-Man movies.
These take place on three alternate timelines: one where Tobey Maguire is Spider-Man, another where Andrew Garfield is Spidey, and a third where Tom Hardy's Eddie Brock becomes the villain Venom. For a full deep dive into watching these movies, then check out our guide to how to watch the Spider-Man movies in order.
Long story, short, however - Tom Holland's Spider-Man currently exists in the MCU, with the other Sony Spider-Man movies existing (broadly speaking) in the multiverse. Don't expect them to appear again into the main Marvel universe anytime soon, though.
You might also be wondering about Across the Spider-Verse. Technically, that also exists as part of the wider multiverse (indeed, No Way Home was referenced in the Spider-Verse sequel), but doesn't have to be watched in any order other than within the framework of its own trilogy. The Amazing Spider-Man 2 has just been added to Disney Plus, too, for those looking to jump into one of Peter Parker's most tragic cinematic adventures.
Are Netflix's Marvel shows and X-Men canon?
Then there's The Defenders Saga, which were once considered part of the MCU, but also sort of not. They start very much linked to the movies, and then gradually lose all connection – thanks mainly to originally being Netflix products.
Now, though, they are all on Disney Plus and, yes, the Marvel Netflix shows are canon. If you want to tackle Daredevil, Iron Fist, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and The Punisher, then you're going to want to know the watch order. Luckily, we have exactly the piece you're after: how to watch The Defenders Saga in order. The list is also below:
Daredevil season 1
Jessica Jones season 1
Daredevil season 2
Luke Cage season 1
Iron Fist season 1
The Defenders
The Punisher season 1
Jessica Jones season 2
Luke Cage season 2
Iron Fist season 2
Daredevil season 3
The Punisher season 2
Jessica Jones season 3
Spider-Man: No Way Home (non-Defenders Saga movie)
Hawkeye (non-Defenders Saga show)
She-Hulk episode 8 (non-Defenders Saga show)
Echo (non-Defenders Saga show)
Daredevil's story, which started in She-Hulk and will continue in Born Again, loosely picks up where the Netflix series left off. Daredevil also appears briefly in Echo, as does Vincent D'Onofrio's Kingpin.
X-Men, meanwhile, exist completely outside of the MCU as part of (formerly) Fox's X-Men cinematic universe. But things are getting complicated when it comes to mutants thanks to Hugh Jackman’s recent return as Wolverine - as well as if the events of The Marvels post-credits scene head where we think they're heading.
Deadpool & Wolverine firmly places the Fox X-Men movies outside of the MCU – but only after we see how they directly affect the Sacred Timeline and how the TVA is aware of their existence. That will (confusingly) make those X-Men movies canon in the MCU before removing them entirely.
Basically, the door on the Fox X-Men movies is closed for now, and they exist on the outskirts of the MCU instead of firmly inside it. Only time will tell us how mutants will factor into the cinematic universe going forward. For now, you can watch them separately with our guide on how to watch the X-Men movies in order.
The latest Marvel Studios production, X-Men '97, is a continuation of the '90s X-Men: The Animated Series and isn't part of the wider MCU story (for now) but could be considered canon as part of the multiverse.
If you're short on time (and interest), everything here is technically skippable if you're only focusing on the MCU, though we'd certainly recommend the earlier Spider-Man films and the Spider-Verse movies for both a greater understanding of the multiverse and a deeper appreciation of No Way Home.
That's how to watch the Marvel movies in order. So, what are you waiting for?
Need more? Here are the best movies on Disney Plus and the best shows on Disney Plus. Then catch up on how to watch some of the year's biggest hits with our guide to One-Punch Man season 3, Demon Slayer season 4, and Jujutsu Kaisen season 3.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 52
|
https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/news/that-christmas-netflix-animated-movie-sets-december-2024-release-and-feature-original-song-from-ed-sheeran/
|
en
|
‘That Christmas’ Netflix Animated Movie Sets December 2024 Release and Features New Original Song from Ed Sheeran
|
[
"https://whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/whats-on-netflix-2023-logo.png",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/kasey-avatar-whats-on-netflix.png",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/that-christmas-netflix-movie-jpg.webp",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/16x9-2310-0010-1034-layered-final-NF-300dpi-1-jpg.webp 1200w, https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/16x9-2310-0010-1034-layered-final-NF-300dpi-1-480x270.jpg 480w, https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/16x9-2310-0010-1034-layered-final-NF-300dpi-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/16x9-2310-0010-1034-layered-final-NF-300dpi-1-943x530.jpg 943w, https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/16x9-2310-0010-1034-layered-final-NF-300dpi-1-1280x720.jpg 1280w",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/16x9-2310-0010-1034-layered-final-NF-300dpi-1-jpg.webp",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/NETFLIX-Comp-Bernie-Director-300dpi-3840-1920FINAL-4-jpg.webp",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/NETFLIX-Comp-Bernie-Director-300dpi-3840-1920FINAL-4-jpg.webp",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/That-Christmas-n-01-01-38-11-jpg.webp",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/That-Christmas-n-01-01-38-11-jpg.webp",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/elvis-documentary-in-the-works-at-netflix-jason-hehir-768x432.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/elvis-documentary-in-the-works-at-netflix-jason-hehir-768x432.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/virgin-river-season-6-episode-titles-revealed-768x432.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/virgin-river-season-6-episode-titles-revealed-768x432.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/call-the-midwife-season-13-netflix-release-date-768x432.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/call-the-midwife-season-13-netflix-release-date-768x432.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/the-human-vapor-netflix-japanese-drama-preview-768x432.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/the-human-vapor-netflix-japanese-drama-preview-768x432.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/elvis-documentary-in-the-works-at-netflix-jason-hehir-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/elvis-documentary-in-the-works-at-netflix-jason-hehir-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/virgin-river-season-6-episode-titles-revealed-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/virgin-river-season-6-episode-titles-revealed-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/netflix-original-movie-cuties-leaving-the-service-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/netflix-original-movie-cuties-leaving-the-service-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/call-the-midwife-season-13-netflix-release-date-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/call-the-midwife-season-13-netflix-release-date-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/the-human-vapor-netflix-japanese-drama-preview-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/the-human-vapor-netflix-japanese-drama-preview-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/first-look-whats-coming-to-netflix-in-september-2024-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/first-look-whats-coming-to-netflix-in-september-2024-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/hot-wheels-lets-race-renewed-for-season-2-at-netflix-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/hot-wheels-lets-race-renewed-for-season-2-at-netflix-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/the-one-piece-anime-remake-netflix-preview-160x160.jpeg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/the-one-piece-anime-remake-netflix-preview-160x160.jpeg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/best-new-documentaries-added-to-netflix-in-2024-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/best-new-documentaries-added-to-netflix-in-2024-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/house-of-guinness-netflix-series-everything-we-know-cast-list-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/house-of-guinness-netflix-series-everything-we-know-cast-list-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/billionaire-island-artwork-cover-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/billionaire-island-artwork-cover-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/coming-to-netflix-this-week-august-11th-to-18th-2024-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/coming-to-netflix-this-week-august-11th-to-18th-2024-160x160.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/every-netflix-original-movie-series-removed-from-netflix-2024.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/every-netflix-original-movie-series-removed-from-netflix-2024.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/netflix-annecy-film-festival-animation-announcements-2024.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/netflix-annecy-film-festival-animation-announcements-2024.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/canceled-netflix-original-animated-projects-jpg.webp",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/canceled-netflix-original-animated-projects-jpg.webp",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/cobra-kai-season-6-everything-we-know.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/cobra-kai-season-6-everything-we-know.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/the-thursday-murder-club-richard-osman-netflix-adaptation-jpg.webp",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/the-thursday-murder-club-richard-osman-netflix-adaptation-jpg.webp",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/best-netflix-romantic-comedies-2024-1.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/best-netflix-romantic-comedies-2024-1.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/first-look-whats-coming-to-netflix-in-september-2024.jpg 1200w, https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/first-look-whats-coming-to-netflix-in-september-2024-480x270.jpg 480w, https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/first-look-whats-coming-to-netflix-in-september-2024-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/first-look-whats-coming-to-netflix-in-september-2024-943x530.jpg 943w, https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/first-look-whats-coming-to-netflix-in-september-2024-1280x720.jpg 1280w",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/first-look-whats-coming-to-netflix-in-september-2024.jpg",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/coming-to-netflix-this-week-august-11th-to-18th-2024-jpg.webp 1200w, https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/coming-to-netflix-this-week-august-11th-to-18th-2024-480x270.jpg 480w, https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/coming-to-netflix-this-week-august-11th-to-18th-2024-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/coming-to-netflix-this-week-august-11th-to-18th-2024-943x530.jpg 943w, https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/coming-to-netflix-this-week-august-11th-to-18th-2024-1280x720.jpg 1280w",
"https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/coming-to-netflix-this-week-august-11th-to-18th-2024-jpg.webp",
"https://whats-on-netflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/whats-on-netflix-2023-logo.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Kasey Moore"
] |
2024-08-07T13:20:07+00:00
|
Netflix has confirmed that its new animated Christmas movie, That Christmas, will be available globally on December 6th, 2024, and will feature a new original song from Ed Sheeran. Directed by Simon Otto, That Christmas...
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
What's on Netflix
|
https://www.whats-on-netflix.com/news/that-christmas-netflix-animated-movie-sets-december-2024-release-and-feature-original-song-from-ed-sheeran/
|
Netflix has confirmed that its new animated Christmas movie, That Christmas, will be available globally on December 6th, 2024, and will feature a new original song from Ed Sheeran.
Directed by Simon Otto, That Christmas is Netflix’s big new animated movie that is hoping to follow in the footsteps of Klaus and become one of Netflix’s most recognizable Christmas movies in its arsenal, which is primarily made up of rom-coms.
Earlier this year, we got word on the huge voice cast that’s been assembled for the movie produced by Locksmith Animation which includes Brian Cox, Fiona Shaw, Jodie Whittaker, Lolly Adefope, Alex Macqueen, Katherine Parkinson, Sindhu Vee, India Brown, Zazie Hayhurst, Sienna Sayer, Jack Wisniewski, Rosie Cavaliero, Paul Kaye, Guz Khan, Andy Nyman, Kuhu Agarwal, Bronte Smith, Freddie Spry, Ava Talbot, with Bill Nighy and Rhys Darby.
The movie “follows a series of entwined tales about family and friends, love and loneliness, and Santa Claus making a big mistake.”
Ed Sheeran, the Ipswich-born musician who has become an international superstar, announced on August 7th that he’s produced an exclusive new original song for the movie. The new track is titled “Under The Tree” and will be part of the overall soundtrack crafted by John Powell. In a statement, Sheeran said about the collaboration:
“I’ve been mates with Richard Curtis for years, and we’ve done a load of fun work for charity, and then both were heavily involved in the movie Yesterday. He came to me two years ago to play me the rough of That Christmas. It was just sketches and voices, but it blew me away. So emotional, yet so heartwarmingly funny, like all Richard Curtis movies. I find since having kids, there’s a real lack of great animated children’s Christmas movies, so I thought this was such an amazing thing to make and put into the world. The scene that we wrote this song for is so heartbreaking, but so real for many people at Christmas spending it without the ones they love, for so many reasons. I got to work with my older brother on this which is such a rarity and a gift to work so closely with my only sibling, it felt so good to create something my children would watch, with their uncle, based in the country they live in. I find it mad that there isn’t more animated Christmas films for kids, but this is going to become a holiday staple, at least in our household. Hope everyone loves it, and enjoys the song, we had such a great time creating it.”
For more on Netflix’s upcoming slate of Christmas movies scheduled for release in 2024, keep it locked here on What’s on Netflix. Other titles include Our Little Secret and Meet Me Next Christmas.
While we await the official trailer for the new movie, here are some more of the first-look images Netflix has released thus far, with many debuting recently at the Annecy Film Festival, where the movie was showcased:
Are you looking forward to checking out That Christmas on Netflix? Let us know in the comments down below.
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 50
|
https://disabilityhorizons.com/2024/06/disability-and-the-media-tv-and-film/
|
en
|
Disability and the media: disability in films
|
[
"https://disabilityhorizons.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Disability-in-film-and-TV-780x407.jpg",
"https://disabilityhorizons.com/ezoimgfmt/secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a2b1c67b2227eae59ec7f1ef7219b23?s=280&d=wp_user_avatar&r=g 2x",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a2b1c67b2227eae59ec7f1ef7219b23?s=140&d=wp_user_avatar&r=g",
"https://disabilityhorizons.com/ezoimgfmt/disabilityhorizonscom.onyx-sites.io/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Inside-Im-dancing-disbility-film.jpg",
"https://disabilityhorizonscom.onyx-sites.io/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Inside-Im-dancing-disbility-film.jpg",
"https://disabilityhorizons.com/ezoimgfmt/secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a2b1c67b2227eae59ec7f1ef7219b23?s=280&d=wp_user_avatar&r=g 2x",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a2b1c67b2227eae59ec7f1ef7219b23?s=140&d=wp_user_avatar&r=g",
"https://disabilityhorizons.com/ezoimgfmt/secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a2b1c67b2227eae59ec7f1ef7219b23?s=360&d=wp_user_avatar&r=g 2x",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a2b1c67b2227eae59ec7f1ef7219b23?s=180&d=wp_user_avatar&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b607abed486a01f882580face5b497fe?s=140&d=wp_user_avatar&r=g 2x",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b607abed486a01f882580face5b497fe?s=70&d=wp_user_avatar&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/be56fd48a551e8be5de7bb9544321f61?s=140&d=wp_user_avatar&r=g 2x",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/be56fd48a551e8be5de7bb9544321f61?s=70&d=wp_user_avatar&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/be56fd48a551e8be5de7bb9544321f61?s=70&d=wp_user_avatar&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/be56fd48a551e8be5de7bb9544321f61?s=140&d=wp_user_avatar&r=g 2x",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/be56fd48a551e8be5de7bb9544321f61?s=70&d=wp_user_avatar&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/be56fd48a551e8be5de7bb9544321f61?s=70&d=wp_user_avatar&r=g",
"https://disabilityhorizons.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/disability-horizons-shop-ad-widget-bar-home.jpg 300w,https://disabilityhorizons.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/disability-horizons-shop-ad-widget-bar-home-193x750.jpg 193w",
"https://disabilityhorizons.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/disability-horizons-shop-ad-widget-bar-home.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Disability Horizons",
"www.facebook.com"
] |
2024-06-17T23:30:04+00:00
|
Explore the evolving landscape of disability representation in film and TV, from authentic portrayals to inclusion behind the scenes.
|
en
|
Disability Horizons
|
https://disabilityhorizons.com/2024/06/disability-and-the-media-tv-and-film/
|
In our two-part article about disability and the media, Trailblazers ambassador David Gale shares his thought on the representation of disability on the big screen.
Following my recent look at disability in music and how it is portrayed, I thought the next thing to do was to look at films; those that have either had lead characters with a disability or are about disability.
The most obvious place to start would be Oscar winning films, of which there have been quite a few. One of the most famous is My Left Foot, which was released in 1989 and starred Daniel Day Lewis as Christy Brown, a man who can only move his left foot due to cerebral palsy.
Over the course of his film and life, he becomes an accomplished writer and artist, all through the use of his left foot. Daniel Day Lewis is renowned for being a dedicated method actor, meaning that on set he remained in character all the time, spending long periods in a wheelchair, slouched in a paralysed state. Such was his dedication to his role that it resulted in him breaking two ribs.
He also did his research by spending time at the Sandymount School and Clinic in Dublin, where he learnt a great deal about what his character would have gone through in real life. This for me must be the most successful film involving disability. But what other films are there?
Forest Gump is a famous example, where Tom Hanks plays a character with a developmental disability who, during his youth, uses callipers to walk. The story follows his life from school days to being in the Vietnam war.
The Vietnam war leads me onto my next film Born on the Fourth of July, which starred Tom Cruise as Ron Kovic, who had a spinal injury from his time serving in the Vietnam war. Key to the film is his work as a political activist against the treatment of severely injured war veterans. This is based on a true story and is a good portrayal of how someone who was able bodied has to come to terms with becoming paralysed.
Another famous example is Rain Man, starring Dustin Huffman and Tom Cruise, who play brothers. The film follows the estranged brothers as they begin building a relationship, strongly focusing on Tom’s attempts to accept his brother’s autism. Amongst this, Tom’s character, who is in need of cash, fast discovers he can use his brother’s talent to count cards in Black Jack cards. This film was highly praised for its portrayal of autism and won the Oscar for best film in 1989.
In the 1954’s Rear Window, starring James Stewart and Grace Kelly, James’ character, who uses a wheelchair, amuses himself by spying on his neighbours through some binoculars. This leads to them suspecting that one of the neighbours is a murderer. It’s a great suspense film.
These are all powerful movies, but can we, the everyday people with disabilities, relate to them?
Well, that brings me to a fairly recent film, the 2004 Inside I’m Dancing. The lead character, played by James MacAvo, has Duchenne muscular dystrophy and ends up befriending a lad with cerebral palsy. The film revolves around two young men trying to pursue independence in defiance of the institutional living and society attitudes towards disability. This film got mixed reviews but I feel the message it tried to put across was a good one and showed that life isn’t all doom and gloom if you are disabled.
Disability isn’t something most people would think to be a good subject for comedy, but there are a couple of films which spring to mind. The Farrelly brothers in particular have had disabled characters in many of their films such as Dumb and Dumber, Kingpin, There’s Something About Mary, Me, Myself & Irene, Stuck on You and The Ringer.
The Ringer, in particular, has a number of disabled characters in it. Johnny Knoxville plays a guy who hates his job and runs up a number of debts. So, as he is good at sports, he decides he will pretend to have a learning disability so he can enter the “special” Olympics and get people to bet on him. This idea sounds offensive and in bad taste, but as this film progresses it turns out the joke is on the him and is not at the expense of the disabled characters.
Most of the cast have learning disabilities and are portrayed in a good light, unlike a lot of films. It even features real-life disabled athletes. The Farrelly brothers have both been praised and criticised for their humorous use of disability. But usually in their films it is able-bodied characters that are depicted in a more negative light and the disabled characters as aspirational. One of the brothers is a long time volunteer with Best Buddies, a group that helps mentor people with intellectual disabilities.
Also a recent portrayal of disability is in the 2099 film Avatar. The protagonist, Corporal Jake Sully, is a disabled former marine on earth who is recruited in the place of his murdered twin brother to operate an Avatar. He overcomes any difficulties as a wheelchair user by spending more time in his avatar body on the moon of Pandora, where the native inhabitants are contacted through remote controlled human hybrids. This is one of the most recent uses of a disabled character in a big blockbuster that was the highest grossing film in American history.
The list of disability in films could go on and on. In fact, here are a few just to give you an idea:
Benny and Joon – 1993 mental illness
The Bone Collector – 1999 quadriplegia
Daredevil – 2003 visually impairment
The Elephant man – 1980 Proteus Syndrome
Girl, Interrupted – 1999 mental illness
The Horse Whisperer – 1998 amputation
I am Sam – 2001 learning difficulties
One Flew Over the Cuckoos Next – 1975 mental illness
Scent of a Woman – 1992 visually impaired
What’s Eating Gilbert Grape – 1993 autism
But I want to leave you with one final thought. While your opinion on films featuring disability may be varied, I doubt many would contest that we would all like to see more disabled actors in blockbuster films.
By David Gale
Updated 2024
In recent years, there has been a growing focus on the representation of disability in media, particularly in films. While progress has been made, there is still a long way to go in terms of authentic and nuanced portrayals of people with disabilities on the big screen. Let’s take a look at some notable films that have featured disability and the impact they have had.
Oscar-Winning Performances
One of the most famous examples of disability representation in film is the 1989 movie “My Left Foot,” starring Daniel Day-Lewis as Christy Brown, a man with cerebral palsy who could only move his left foot. Day-Lewis’ dedication to the role was legendary – he remained in character on set, spending long periods in a wheelchair and even breaking two ribs in the process. His research at the Sandymount School and Clinic in Dublin helped inform his powerful, Oscar-winning performance.
Other Oscar-recognized portrayals include Dustin Hoffman as an autistic savant in “Rain Man” (1988), Al Pacino as a blind retired army officer in “Scent of a Woman” (1992), and Eddie Redmayne as Stephen Hawking in “The Theory of Everything” (2014). While these performances were critically acclaimed, they have also faced criticism for having non-disabled actors play disabled characters.
Blockbusters and Mainstream Movies
Disability representation is not limited to prestige dramas. Tom Hanks played the title character in “Forrest Gump” (1994), a man with an intellectual disability who unwittingly influences key 20th-century events. The sci-fi epic “Avatar” (2009) featured a paraplegic marine who operates an alien body on the moon of Pandora. And the superhero film “Daredevil” (2003) centred on a blind vigilante with heightened senses.
While these films brought disability to a mainstream audience, the portrayals could sometimes veer into stereotypes or inspiration porn. Having more involvement of disabled creatives behind the camera could help bring more authenticity and depth to these stories.
Authentic Representation and Disabled Actors
In recent years, there has been a push for more authentic casting, with disabled actors playing disabled characters. The 2019 horror film “Run” starred wheelchair user Kiera Allen. Deaf actress Millicent Simmonds had a lead role in “A Quiet Place” (2018). The documentary “Crip Camp” (2020), co-directed by disabled filmmaker James LeBrecht, featured many disabled subjects and crew members.
Another notable film that positively portrays facial differences is Joaquin Phoenix’s portrayal of the Joker in the 2019 movie of the same name. Phoenix, who was born with a microform cleft lip, embraced his natural appearance in the film rather than masking it with prosthetics or CGI. Off-screen, Phoenix has been open about his cleft lip, helping to raise awareness and reduce stigma around this common birth defect that affects 1 in 700 babies. Other successful actors like Cheech Marin and Stacy Keach have also achieved Hollywood success despite being born with cleft lips or palates.
Comedian and actor Zach Gottsagen, who has Down syndrome, starred opposite Shia LaBeouf in the acclaimed indie film “The Peanut Butter Falcon” (2019). His funny and heartfelt performance helped illustrate the importance of disabled actors getting substantial roles.
Disability in Comedy
Disability representation in comedy has been more hit-or-miss. The Farrelly Brothers have featured disabled characters in many of their films like “Dumb and Dumber,” “There’s Something About Mary,” and “The Ringer.” While sometimes accused of being offensive, the filmmakers argue that the jokes are usually on the non-disabled characters, with the disabled characters shown in a more positive light. Still, greater input from the disability community could help find the right balance.
Looking Ahead
As the entertainment industry continues to emphasize diversity and inclusion, disability representation will hopefully continue to improve in both quantity and quality. More disabled actors, writers, directors and crew members will be key to bringing authentic, multi-dimensional portrayals to the big screen.
At the same time, allies and non-disabled creatives should educate themselves on disability issues and collaborate with the disability community to tell these stories responsibly. Box office hits like “Black Panther,” “Crazy Rich Asians” and “Coco” have shown that diversity on screen is not only the right thing to do, but it’s good for business as well.
From Oscar-bait dramas to sci-fi blockbusters to quirky indie comedies, disability representation has come a long way in film. But there are still many more stories to tell and voices to include. As audiences demand more authentic and diverse portrayals, Hollywood has an opportunity and responsibility to help shape a more inclusive society – one film at a time.
Further reading on disability representation in movies and TV shows:
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 27
|
https://constanttherapyhealth.com/brainwire/10-top-films-about-brain-injury-and-brain-disorders/
|
en
|
10 top movies about brain injury and brain disorders
|
[
"https://constanttherapyhealth.com/wp-content/themes/tlc-divi-child/img/cth-logo-stacked-pos.svg",
"https://sp-ao.shortpixel.ai/client/to_webp,q_glossy,ret_img/https://constanttherapyhealth.com/wp-content/themes/tlc-divi-child/img/cth-logo-small.png",
"https://constanttherapyhealth.com/wp-content/themes/tlc-divi-child/img/ct-logo-stacked.svg",
"https://sp-ao.shortpixel.ai/client/to_webp,q_glossy,ret_img/https://constanttherapyhealth.com/wp-content/themes/tlc-divi-child/img/cth-logo-small.png",
"https://sp-ao.shortpixel.ai/client/to_webp,q_glossy,ret_img/https://constanttherapyhealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/iStock-1299850801.jpg",
"https://sp-ao.shortpixel.ai/client/to_webp,q_glossy,ret_img,w_40,h_40/https://constanttherapyhealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/custom_iconplus_facebook_skin.png",
"https://sp-ao.shortpixel.ai/client/to_webp,q_glossy,ret_img/https://constanttherapyhealth.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-social-media-plus/images/visit_icons/Visit_us_fb/icon_Visit_us_en_US.png",
"https://constanttherapyhealth.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-social-media-plus/images/share_icons/fb_icons/en_US.svg",
"https://sp-ao.shortpixel.ai/client/to_webp,q_glossy,ret_img,w_40,h_40/https://constanttherapyhealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/custom_iconplus_twitter_skin.png",
"https://sp-ao.shortpixel.ai/client/to_webp,q_glossy,ret_img/https://constanttherapyhealth.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-social-media-plus/images/visit_icons/Visit_us_twitter/icon_Visit_us_en_US.png",
"https://constanttherapyhealth.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-social-media-plus/images/share_icons/Twitter_Follow/en_US_Follow.svg",
"https://constanttherapyhealth.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-social-media-plus/images/share_icons/Twitter_Tweet/en_US_Tweet.svg",
"https://sp-ao.shortpixel.ai/client/to_webp,q_glossy,ret_img,w_40,h_40/https://constanttherapyhealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/custom_iconplus_linkedin_skin.png",
"https://sp-ao.shortpixel.ai/client/to_webp,q_glossy,ret_img/https://constanttherapyhealth.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-social-media-plus/images/visit_icons/linkedIn.png",
"https://constanttherapyhealth.com/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-social-media-plus/images/share_icons/Linkedin_Share/en_US_share.svg",
"https://sp-ao.shortpixel.ai/client/to_webp,q_glossy,ret_img,w_40,h_40/https://constanttherapyhealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/custom_iconplus_instagram_skin.png",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/80b72695af5607b75ccdb7d057536ea4?s=80&d=mm&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/50a799cb1ee475c5384b89ca1a6cf397?s=80&d=mm&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/20a38019986b0dbd2201a560e15fd11f?s=80&d=mm&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f8416fc6c4fbe9e6c41a1a0c5d8ce5e5?s=80&d=mm&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a17591b01f0bc4d2476433de30614d75?s=80&d=mm&r=g",
"https://sp-ao.shortpixel.ai/client/to_webp,q_glossy,ret_img/https://constanttherapyhealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/cth-logo-stacked-rev.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Constant Therapy"
] |
2022-03-22T16:04:07+00:00
|
We curated 10 movies about brain injury, brain disorders and concussion documentaries that are sure to educate and inspire.
|
en
|
Constant Therapy
|
https://constanttherapyhealth.com/brainwire/10-top-films-about-brain-injury-and-brain-disorders/
|
Relaxing on the couch and watching movies and documentaries is usually on everyone’s list of top activities. In that spirit, we’ve curated 10 films that deal sensitively with the topic of brain injury and brain disorders that will educate and inspire. Topics include TBI, Alzheimer’s, stroke, concussion, aphasia, and more. We recommend grabbing the popcorn and adding these films to your list.
Are there any you would add? Let us know in the comments.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 25
|
https://www.thepopverse.com/dc-dceu-movies-in-order-how-to-watch-batman-wonder-woman-justice-league
|
en
|
DC Movies in Order: chronological and release date
|
http://localhost:8080/static/metaverse-logo-og.png
|
http://localhost:8080/static/metaverse-logo-og.png
|
[
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2F8c3136d730b11b56422ef6b0cbaa98b02c04b559-copy-cuxkwvg2qdcfdo2mcikl1nipoq.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2F8c3136d730b11b56422ef6b0cbaa98b02c04b559-copy-cuxkwvg2qdcfdo2mcikl1nipoq.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2F8c3136d730b11b56422ef6b0cbaa98b02c04b559-copy-cuxkwvg2qdcfdo2mcikl1nipoq.jpg&w=480&q=75 480w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2F8c3136d730b11b56422ef6b0cbaa98b02c04b559-copy-cuxkwvg2qdcfdo2mcikl1nipoq.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2F8c3136d730b11b56422ef6b0cbaa98b02c04b559-copy-cuxkwvg2qdcfdo2mcikl1nipoq.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2F8c3136d730b11b56422ef6b0cbaa98b02c04b559-copy-cuxkwvg2qdcfdo2mcikl1nipoq.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2F8c3136d730b11b56422ef6b0cbaa98b02c04b559-copy-cuxkwvg2qdcfdo2mcikl1nipoq.jpg&w=1280&q=75 1280w",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgraememcmillan_qocic3c-ytykb432hdaetjdk5k1gydkfcy.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgraememcmillan_qocic3c-ytykb432hdaetjdk5k1gydkfcy.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgraememcmillan_qocic3c-ytykb432hdaetjdk5k1gydkfcy.jpg&w=480&q=75 480w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgraememcmillan_qocic3c-ytykb432hdaetjdk5k1gydkfcy.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgraememcmillan_qocic3c-ytykb432hdaetjdk5k1gydkfcy.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgraememcmillan_qocic3c-ytykb432hdaetjdk5k1gydkfcy.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgraememcmillan_qocic3c-ytykb432hdaetjdk5k1gydkfcy.jpg&w=1280&q=75 1280w",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc1_ldqggff-21thhp2ik3dfxmmrqn0f3ywa42.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc1_ldqggff-21thhp2ik3dfxmmrqn0f3ywa42.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc1_ldqggff-21thhp2ik3dfxmmrqn0f3ywa42.jpg&w=480&q=75 480w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc1_ldqggff-21thhp2ik3dfxmmrqn0f3ywa42.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc1_ldqggff-21thhp2ik3dfxmmrqn0f3ywa42.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc1_ldqggff-21thhp2ik3dfxmmrqn0f3ywa42.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc1_ldqggff-21thhp2ik3dfxmmrqn0f3ywa42.jpg&w=1280&q=75 1280w",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc2_lvcvmdg-3o4n3gkasw2evpjsj5ag131mwa.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc2_lvcvmdg-3o4n3gkasw2evpjsj5ag131mwa.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc2_lvcvmdg-3o4n3gkasw2evpjsj5ag131mwa.jpg&w=480&q=75 480w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc2_lvcvmdg-3o4n3gkasw2evpjsj5ag131mwa.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc2_lvcvmdg-3o4n3gkasw2evpjsj5ag131mwa.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc2_lvcvmdg-3o4n3gkasw2evpjsj5ag131mwa.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc2_lvcvmdg-3o4n3gkasw2evpjsj5ag131mwa.jpg&w=1280&q=75 1280w",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fshazam_cvwvtrt-tohpqkszyasf3pvpna3e4n0uam.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fshazam_cvwvtrt-tohpqkszyasf3pvpna3e4n0uam.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fshazam_cvwvtrt-tohpqkszyasf3pvpna3e4n0uam.jpg&w=480&q=75 480w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fshazam_cvwvtrt-tohpqkszyasf3pvpna3e4n0uam.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fshazam_cvwvtrt-tohpqkszyasf3pvpna3e4n0uam.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fshazam_cvwvtrt-tohpqkszyasf3pvpna3e4n0uam.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fshazam_cvwvtrt-tohpqkszyasf3pvpna3e4n0uam.jpg&w=1280&q=75 1280w",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjusticeleagueposter-wmnedkzxeqqfnaltlp5nfqioby.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjusticeleagueposter-wmnedkzxeqqfnaltlp5nfqioby.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjusticeleagueposter-wmnedkzxeqqfnaltlp5nfqioby.jpg&w=480&q=75 480w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjusticeleagueposter-wmnedkzxeqqfnaltlp5nfqioby.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjusticeleagueposter-wmnedkzxeqqfnaltlp5nfqioby.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjusticeleagueposter-wmnedkzxeqqfnaltlp5nfqioby.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjusticeleagueposter-wmnedkzxeqqfnaltlp5nfqioby.jpg&w=1280&q=75 1280w",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc3_iqowiq9-m42d4sbbimjepolrlpuajhu0wq.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc3_iqowiq9-m42d4sbbimjepolrlpuajhu0wq.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc3_iqowiq9-m42d4sbbimjepolrlpuajhu0wq.jpg&w=480&q=75 480w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc3_iqowiq9-m42d4sbbimjepolrlpuajhu0wq.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc3_iqowiq9-m42d4sbbimjepolrlpuajhu0wq.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc3_iqowiq9-m42d4sbbimjepolrlpuajhu0wq.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc3_iqowiq9-m42d4sbbimjepolrlpuajhu0wq.jpg&w=1280&q=75 1280w",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc4_fj63cjk-252dccxy5dyffc2twjmnkdwu42.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc4_fj63cjk-252dccxy5dyffc2twjmnkdwu42.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc4_fj63cjk-252dccxy5dyffc2twjmnkdwu42.jpg&w=480&q=75 480w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc4_fj63cjk-252dccxy5dyffc2twjmnkdwu42.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc4_fj63cjk-252dccxy5dyffc2twjmnkdwu42.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc4_fj63cjk-252dccxy5dyffc2twjmnkdwu42.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc4_fj63cjk-252dccxy5dyffc2twjmnkdwu42.jpg&w=1280&q=75 1280w",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc6_zpocgwl-yw1hr5et2puevpmkj1xki5oklq.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc6_zpocgwl-yw1hr5et2puevpmkj1xki5oklq.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc6_zpocgwl-yw1hr5et2puevpmkj1xki5oklq.jpg&w=480&q=75 480w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc6_zpocgwl-yw1hr5et2puevpmkj1xki5oklq.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc6_zpocgwl-yw1hr5et2puevpmkj1xki5oklq.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc6_zpocgwl-yw1hr5et2puevpmkj1xki5oklq.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdc6_zpocgwl-yw1hr5et2puevpmkj1xki5oklq.jpg&w=1280&q=75 1280w",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgraememcmillan_qocic3c-ytykb432hdaetjdk5k1gydkfcy.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgraememcmillan_qocic3c-ytykb432hdaetjdk5k1gydkfcy.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgraememcmillan_qocic3c-ytykb432hdaetjdk5k1gydkfcy.jpg&w=480&q=75 480w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgraememcmillan_qocic3c-ytykb432hdaetjdk5k1gydkfcy.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgraememcmillan_qocic3c-ytykb432hdaetjdk5k1gydkfcy.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgraememcmillan_qocic3c-ytykb432hdaetjdk5k1gydkfcy.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgraememcmillan_qocic3c-ytykb432hdaetjdk5k1gydkfcy.jpg&w=1280&q=75 1280w",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=%2Fstatic%2Fplaceholder.webp&w=480&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2Fstatic%2Fplaceholder.webp&w=1024&q=75 2x",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fterminator-zero-season-2-possbilities-header-5jinhk3vzjpf5ac2xvwgfa3qyu.png&w=320&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fterminator-zero-season-2-possbilities-header-5jinhk3vzjpf5ac2xvwgfa3qyu.png&w=640&q=75 2x",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fanime-nyc-food-court-header-chnmpbw4jj2f3magsfydf5yvjq.jpg&w=320&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fanime-nyc-food-court-header-chnmpbw4jj2f3magsfydf5yvjq.jpg&w=640&q=75 2x",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Frings-of-power-season-2-ciaran-hinds-1-luupeeu5xipehcpicjtdh2qaam.webp&w=320&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Frings-of-power-season-2-ciaran-hinds-1-luupeeu5xipehcpicjtdh2qaam.webp&w=640&q=75 2x",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Ftony-tony-chopper-from-one-piece-t0mkr5fnn5tevppawlpiwuqtca.jpg&w=320&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Ftony-tony-chopper-from-one-piece-t0mkr5fnn5tevppawlpiwuqtca.jpg&w=640&q=75 2x",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fhaikyu-screenshot-tfdjqtlttxaejmv0nrxjxvyx0y.jpg&w=320&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fhaikyu-screenshot-tfdjqtlttxaejmv0nrxjxvyx0y.jpg&w=640&q=75 2x",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fd0igqnnw0aa-f5l-mzsb33uhyqjfdbxvo0dlotzmye.jpg&w=320&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fd0igqnnw0aa-f5l-mzsb33uhyqjfdbxvo0dlotzmye.jpg&w=640&q=75 2x",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Faaa-sdcc-cities-ymgce1iuscoexnway23psylh5i.jpg&w=320&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Faaa-sdcc-cities-ymgce1iuscoexnway23psylh5i.jpg&w=640&q=75 2x",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fheruniverse_header-5pnmts0xnasfrkxnqqrbfazqwi.jpg&w=320&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fheruniverse_header-5pnmts0xnasfrkxnqqrbfazqwi.jpg&w=640&q=75 2x",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fd23-expo-survival-guide-3-somlljmz2q2fhjlf3ltcdsv3xq.jpg&w=16&q=75 16w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fd23-expo-survival-guide-3-somlljmz2q2fhjlf3ltcdsv3xq.jpg&w=32&q=75 32w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fd23-expo-survival-guide-3-somlljmz2q2fhjlf3ltcdsv3xq.jpg&w=48&q=75 48w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fd23-expo-survival-guide-3-somlljmz2q2fhjlf3ltcdsv3xq.jpg&w=64&q=75 64w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fd23-expo-survival-guide-3-somlljmz2q2fhjlf3ltcdsv3xq.jpg&w=96&q=75 96w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fd23-expo-survival-guide-3-somlljmz2q2fhjlf3ltcdsv3xq.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fd23-expo-survival-guide-3-somlljmz2q2fhjlf3ltcdsv3xq.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fd23-expo-survival-guide-3-somlljmz2q2fhjlf3ltcdsv3xq.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fd23-expo-survival-guide-3-somlljmz2q2fhjlf3ltcdsv3xq.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fd23-expo-survival-guide-3-somlljmz2q2fhjlf3ltcdsv3xq.jpg&w=480&q=75 480w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fd23-expo-survival-guide-3-somlljmz2q2fhjlf3ltcdsv3xq.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fd23-expo-survival-guide-3-somlljmz2q2fhjlf3ltcdsv3xq.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fd23-expo-survival-guide-3-somlljmz2q2fhjlf3ltcdsv3xq.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fd23-expo-survival-guide-3-somlljmz2q2fhjlf3ltcdsv3xq.jpg&w=1280&q=75 1280w",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fpax-west-logo-nnkdvt5wyywejd2slkwonamkym.jpg&w=16&q=75 16w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fpax-west-logo-nnkdvt5wyywejd2slkwonamkym.jpg&w=32&q=75 32w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fpax-west-logo-nnkdvt5wyywejd2slkwonamkym.jpg&w=48&q=75 48w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fpax-west-logo-nnkdvt5wyywejd2slkwonamkym.jpg&w=64&q=75 64w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fpax-west-logo-nnkdvt5wyywejd2slkwonamkym.jpg&w=96&q=75 96w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fpax-west-logo-nnkdvt5wyywejd2slkwonamkym.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fpax-west-logo-nnkdvt5wyywejd2slkwonamkym.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fpax-west-logo-nnkdvt5wyywejd2slkwonamkym.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fpax-west-logo-nnkdvt5wyywejd2slkwonamkym.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fpax-west-logo-nnkdvt5wyywejd2slkwonamkym.jpg&w=480&q=75 480w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fpax-west-logo-nnkdvt5wyywejd2slkwonamkym.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fpax-west-logo-nnkdvt5wyywejd2slkwonamkym.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fpax-west-logo-nnkdvt5wyywejd2slkwonamkym.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fpax-west-logo-nnkdvt5wyywejd2slkwonamkym.jpg&w=1280&q=75 1280w",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-comic-con-xredbde4ycefvdbcn5kn3eyvky.webp&w=16&q=75 16w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-comic-con-xredbde4ycefvdbcn5kn3eyvky.webp&w=32&q=75 32w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-comic-con-xredbde4ycefvdbcn5kn3eyvky.webp&w=48&q=75 48w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-comic-con-xredbde4ycefvdbcn5kn3eyvky.webp&w=64&q=75 64w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-comic-con-xredbde4ycefvdbcn5kn3eyvky.webp&w=96&q=75 96w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-comic-con-xredbde4ycefvdbcn5kn3eyvky.webp&w=128&q=75 128w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-comic-con-xredbde4ycefvdbcn5kn3eyvky.webp&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-comic-con-xredbde4ycefvdbcn5kn3eyvky.webp&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-comic-con-xredbde4ycefvdbcn5kn3eyvky.webp&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-comic-con-xredbde4ycefvdbcn5kn3eyvky.webp&w=480&q=75 480w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-comic-con-xredbde4ycefvdbcn5kn3eyvky.webp&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-comic-con-xredbde4ycefvdbcn5kn3eyvky.webp&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-comic-con-xredbde4ycefvdbcn5kn3eyvky.webp&w=1024&q=75 1024w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fnew-york-comic-con-xredbde4ycefvdbcn5kn3eyvky.webp&w=1280&q=75 1280w",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjslftlkq_400x400-tgjhbgs1aume1gb4sw5aghi54i.jpg&w=16&q=75 16w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjslftlkq_400x400-tgjhbgs1aume1gb4sw5aghi54i.jpg&w=32&q=75 32w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjslftlkq_400x400-tgjhbgs1aume1gb4sw5aghi54i.jpg&w=48&q=75 48w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjslftlkq_400x400-tgjhbgs1aume1gb4sw5aghi54i.jpg&w=64&q=75 64w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjslftlkq_400x400-tgjhbgs1aume1gb4sw5aghi54i.jpg&w=96&q=75 96w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjslftlkq_400x400-tgjhbgs1aume1gb4sw5aghi54i.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjslftlkq_400x400-tgjhbgs1aume1gb4sw5aghi54i.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjslftlkq_400x400-tgjhbgs1aume1gb4sw5aghi54i.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjslftlkq_400x400-tgjhbgs1aume1gb4sw5aghi54i.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjslftlkq_400x400-tgjhbgs1aume1gb4sw5aghi54i.jpg&w=480&q=75 480w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjslftlkq_400x400-tgjhbgs1aume1gb4sw5aghi54i.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjslftlkq_400x400-tgjhbgs1aume1gb4sw5aghi54i.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjslftlkq_400x400-tgjhbgs1aume1gb4sw5aghi54i.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fjslftlkq_400x400-tgjhbgs1aume1gb4sw5aghi54i.jpg&w=1280&q=75 1280w",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdownload-ngqk0udvzcqfpfx1h10n0cvxly.png&w=16&q=75 16w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdownload-ngqk0udvzcqfpfx1h10n0cvxly.png&w=32&q=75 32w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdownload-ngqk0udvzcqfpfx1h10n0cvxly.png&w=48&q=75 48w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdownload-ngqk0udvzcqfpfx1h10n0cvxly.png&w=64&q=75 64w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdownload-ngqk0udvzcqfpfx1h10n0cvxly.png&w=96&q=75 96w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdownload-ngqk0udvzcqfpfx1h10n0cvxly.png&w=128&q=75 128w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdownload-ngqk0udvzcqfpfx1h10n0cvxly.png&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdownload-ngqk0udvzcqfpfx1h10n0cvxly.png&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdownload-ngqk0udvzcqfpfx1h10n0cvxly.png&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdownload-ngqk0udvzcqfpfx1h10n0cvxly.png&w=480&q=75 480w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdownload-ngqk0udvzcqfpfx1h10n0cvxly.png&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdownload-ngqk0udvzcqfpfx1h10n0cvxly.png&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdownload-ngqk0udvzcqfpfx1h10n0cvxly.png&w=1024&q=75 1024w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fdownload-ngqk0udvzcqfpfx1h10n0cvxly.png&w=1280&q=75 1280w",
"https://www.thepopverse.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgau1m916_400x400-rm2jxmbj43cejkjhgvdhcn2u0y.jpg&w=16&q=75 16w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgau1m916_400x400-rm2jxmbj43cejkjhgvdhcn2u0y.jpg&w=32&q=75 32w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgau1m916_400x400-rm2jxmbj43cejkjhgvdhcn2u0y.jpg&w=48&q=75 48w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgau1m916_400x400-rm2jxmbj43cejkjhgvdhcn2u0y.jpg&w=64&q=75 64w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgau1m916_400x400-rm2jxmbj43cejkjhgvdhcn2u0y.jpg&w=96&q=75 96w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgau1m916_400x400-rm2jxmbj43cejkjhgvdhcn2u0y.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgau1m916_400x400-rm2jxmbj43cejkjhgvdhcn2u0y.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgau1m916_400x400-rm2jxmbj43cejkjhgvdhcn2u0y.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgau1m916_400x400-rm2jxmbj43cejkjhgvdhcn2u0y.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgau1m916_400x400-rm2jxmbj43cejkjhgvdhcn2u0y.jpg&w=480&q=75 480w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgau1m916_400x400-rm2jxmbj43cejkjhgvdhcn2u0y.jpg&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgau1m916_400x400-rm2jxmbj43cejkjhgvdhcn2u0y.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgau1m916_400x400-rm2jxmbj43cejkjhgvdhcn2u0y.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.thepopverse.com%2Fmedia%2Fgau1m916_400x400-rm2jxmbj43cejkjhgvdhcn2u0y.jpg&w=1280&q=75 1280w",
"https://assets.reedpopcdn.com/0435_popverse-logo.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Graeme McMillan"
] |
2024-06-06T17:45:00+00:00
|
From Man of Steel to The Suicide Squad, here's how to best watch the DC Extended Universe.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Popverse
|
https://www.thepopverse.com/dc-dceu-movies-in-order-how-to-watch-batman-wonder-woman-justice-league
|
Spare a thought for the DCEU, which came to an end in December 2023, with the release of the second standalone Aquaman movie, Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom. (Which DC comic book fan, really, could have imagined that Aquaman and Suicide Squad would somehow manage to have more big-screen outings than the Flash or Green Lantern?) The series, which launched with 2013’s Man of Steel, might only have lasted a decade, but it offered up big screen debuts for a number of iconic DC characters — and transformed a couple into mainstream pop culture icons in the process. (Harley and Peacemaker, we’re looking at you.) As the dust has started to settle on the complicated, sometimes controversial movie series, perhaps it’s time to take a look back at the whole thing and give it a much-needed reappraisal.
The DCEU timeline was somewhat complicated by the release of the extended and retooled Zack Snyder’s Justice League — essentially a remix of the theatrical version, restoring what was originally intended but discarded in official canon — as well as the mixture of theatrical and streaming-only releases, and the introduction of the concept of the DC Multiverse, which sneakily back-doored in seeming all previous incarnations of DC superheroes into some expanded idea of canon.
Related: Every DC Comics movie, ranked by Popverse
We’re not going to include that last part here, for fear of over-complicating matters — but we do have Batman, Arrowverse, and Superman watch orders to keep track of all of those earlier projects, if you want to dive right in — choosing, instead, to focus on the projects created to be part of the core DCEU. If you want to watch the films in release order or in chronological order, or if you just want to know which films are connected – we’ve got you covered. Here’s how to watch every DCEU movie (and, yes, that one show, as well) in order.
How to Watch the DC Movies in Release Order
The simplest way to watch the DCEU films is in their release order, which looks just like this:
Man of Steel (2013)
Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016)
Suicide Squad (2016)
Wonder Woman (2017)
Justice League (2017)
Aquaman (2018)
Shazam! (2019)
Birds of Prey (2020)
Wonder Woman 1984 (2020)
Zack Snyder’s Justice League (2021)
The Suicide Squad (2021)
Peacemaker, season one (2022)
Black Adam (2022)
Shazam: Fury of the Gods (2023)
The Flash (2023)
Blue Beetle (2023)
Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom (2023)
How to Watch the DC Movies in Chronological Order
Thanks to post-credits scenes, flashbacks ,and time jumps within the films, there’s no perfect way to watch the DCEU films in chronological order. With that in mind, we’ve broken down how to follow along chronologically with notes about certain scenes and moments that make the order complicated.
Wonder Woman
Wonder Woman 1984
Man of Steel
The Flash (2023)
Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice
Suicide Squad
Justice League / Zack Snyder’s Justice League
Aquaman
Shazam!
Birds of Prey
The Suicide Squad
Peacemaker, season one
Black Adam (2022)
Shazam: Fury of the Gods (2023)
Blue Beetle (2023)
Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom (2023)
Although this list puts the primary story of each film in chronological order, some of the movies have scenes and flashbacks that take place at different points in the timeline. Here are the major ones:
Wonder Woman has a frame narrative that features the titular character in the present day, looking at a photograph and reminiscing about her past, from her childhood up to her time fighting in World War I; those present-day scenes take place after Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice. By contrast, although Wonder Woman 1984 takes place nearly 70 years after the events of the first film, it opens with a scene of Diana’s childhood which likely takes place sometime around the beginning of Wonder Woman.
Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice also opens with a flashback, showing a scene of Bruce Wayne at his parents’ funeral that would take place before the events of Man of Steel. It then shows a scene of Bruce Wayne witnessing the battle between Superman and General Zod at the end of the events of Man of Steel.
Both Justice League and Zack Snyder’s Justice League feature scenes that take place thousands of years in the past, featuring a battle between the forces of Apokolips and an alliance of Olympians, Amazons, Atlanteans, humans, and a Green Lantern.
Aquaman opens with a scene showing the meeting of the title character’s parents in 1985, which would take place after the events of Wonder Woman 1984. Shazam! also opens with a scene set in the past, with the villainous Dr. Sivana in 1974, which takes place prior to Wonder Woman 1984.
Birds of Prey features a flashback sequence with Harley Quinn and the Joker in a nightclub that takes place sometime during their relationship. Although the exact date of the scene is unclear, it probably takes place before the events of Suicide Squad.
Black Adam hops begins in the early days of humanity in its opening scenes, before settling into the modern-day for the majority of the runtime.
The Flash is a time travel movie that places a significant amount of its runtime during the events of Man of Steel, albeit those events happening in an alternate reality. However, both the beginning and end of the movie take place in the “present day” …whatever that means.
Finally, although Peacemaker largely takes place in the present day, it features flashbacks to Peacemaker’s childhood that would take place prior to the events of Man of Steel.
Wait, I know what you’re thinking, so let’s address the elephant in the room before we go any further.
What’s Up with Zack Snyder’s Justice League?
One of the biggest complicating elements in the DCEU watch order is the existence of Zack Snyder’s Justice League (AKA the infamous 'Snyder Cut.') Director Zack Snyder was reported well into post-production on Justice League when he stepped down from the film due to challenges in his personal life and disagreements with Warner Bros. about the film’s final cut. Directing duties were taken over by Joss Whedon, who reshot and rewrote much of the film. The final cut of Justice League was poorly received by both audiences and fans, and Snyder fans long demanded that Warner Bros. release Snyder’s original vision for the film.
Warner Bros. eventually answered those calls, after a fashion, bringing the cast back to shoot additional material for a four-hour film released on HBO Max. Zack Snyder’s Justice League retains the general framework of the theatrical film, but features expanded backstories, redesigned visuals, and a darker tone that is more in line with Snyder’s previous DC films.
When you decided what order to watch the films in, unless you are determined to watch the films in their original release order, Justice League and Zack Snyder’s Justice League can be considered interchangeable, as their main narratives take place in the same time period. DC and Warner Bros. have stated that they consider the theatrical cut to be the most canon, but director Patty Jenkins (Wonder Woman) contradicted that, saying she and other DC directors consider Snyder’s vision to be canonical.
Got that? Good. Let’s move on.
How to Watch the DC Movies by franchise
The DCEU doesn’t have one large narrative arc in the same way that the Marvel Cinematic Universe does. Instead, DC has two prominent storylines and a single standalone series within the universe (with more standalone projects on the way). If you wanted to watch through one set of directly connected films before moving on to the next, here’s how you should do it.
Justice League
Man of Steel
Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice
Wonder Woman
Justice League / Zack Snyder’s Justice League
Aquaman
Wonder Woman 1984
The Flash
Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom (2023)
Alternately, you could watch Wonder Woman 1984 directly after Wonder Woman, as both films are prequels set before the events of the rest of the series.
Harley Quinn and the Suicide Squad
Suicide Squad
Birds of Prey
The Suicide Squad
Peacemaker, season one
Should they materialize, future seasons of Peacemaker could potentially belong on this list, although it’s been reported that the show will continue as part of the new rebooted canon launching with 2025’s Superman: Legacy.
Shazam!
Shazam!
Black Adam (2022)
Shazam: Fury of the Gods (2023)
What About the Other Batman Films?
Warner Bros. and DC’s plans for the franchise have another complicating factor on the horizon, as the Flash introduced the concept of the multiverse into the DCEU with a plot based on the comic storyline Flashpoint. While the DCEU’s previous Batman, played by Ben Affleck, appeared in the film, The Flash also featured a blast from the past with Michael Keaton reprising his role as the Caped Crusader from Batman (1989) and Batman Returns (1992).
Keaton’s character hails from an alternate universe in The Flash. The addition of the multiverse brings into question what DC films that are currently unrelated to the DCEU might later become canon as alternate universes. Currently, this year’s Robert Pattinson-starring The Batman is not considered canon, although Warner Bros. has announced that a sequel is in the works with Pattinson and director Matt Reeves returning.
If you’re looking to prepare for Keaton’s appearance in The Flash, all you’ll need to watch is Batman (1989) and Batman Returns (1992). The events of the other two films in that series (Batman Forever and Batman & Robin, which did not feature Keaton) will be ignored in the upcoming film. I know, it seems confusing, but, again: that's why we have a Batman movies watch order to help with that.
Is the DCEU discontinued?
The DCEU is no more, with Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom being the final movie in that version of DC canon; it lasted 10 years, 15 movies (16, if you could both versions of Justice League as separate movies), and one television show. (Peacemaker, of course.) But here’s the thing: The Flash made it very clear that the multiverse exists, and that the DCEU version of Barry Allen is now, unintentionally lost in the multiverse… so what’s to say that he couldn’t end up in any future version of whatever DC canon shows up on film? As long as that possibility is out there, it’s as if a little bit of the DCEU will live on, in a very strange, very specific manner.
What’s the difference between DCEU and DCU?
The answer to that question isn’t as straightforward as you might think, because it depends on which DCU you’re wondering about. There’s the comic book DCU — literally the core timeline for DC’s comic book superheroes, as published since the 1930s (admittedly with a handful of do-overs in there) — and then there’s the DCU as will debut in 2025 with the release of James Gunn’s Superman. That DCU is a replacement for the DCEU, and will stand alone as the new and canonical core version of DC’s superhero and horror properties moving forward in both movies and television. So, whichever DCU you’re asking about, the answer is, “it’s an entirely different thing,” but the on-screen DCU is explicitly a replacement for the DCEU as-was.
Is Aquaman 2 on any streaming service?
Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom is available to purchase or rent digitally on a number of platforms — like Prime Video, for example, or Apple TV, but is also, at time of writing, available to stream on Max, which has first streaming rights for all Warner Bros.-produced movies.
|
||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 33
|
https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/jack-reacher-release-date-news
|
en
|
Jack Reacher Movies: Cast of Jack Reacher and Jack Reacher Never Go Back - Netflix Tudum
|
[
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQQbOxnawccfiPdggViZcUmYvwLyx3ROeZJu2ZF_euhaYNjMeCTl1LJ3MLhhkHELp6XscLe-IG1GWZVKsxc4pPL-QCcRulstH-udKyxiqPfhsK5bAcDF90Thrh86XMWMKumbJr3NoNjySwWLHerg-IMWPFHc.jpg?r=8f5",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQUYigPcMVhdv3fruyqW3MqFyppV6Y1wp3oC52F7k4v2N83lwY0FzB_VgU3a8Y0GbTbNBGDQm0xvYpH_zffdmivWVZVwJrYEdPdri35eMWZfuHmVIgQw_Nl1li46T0dEnrPHuAEzOParCgAWL2fFHjxBls7U.jpg?r=8f5",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQQIOMojCUASvCvNsOJu7NgEWGx4d_0S_NGIRfuCMHtoaNKbGSLL6yqggm2B14OALsGhHapEjKHFlp_zDRLryh7jJsDOIOs0GKSGVkGLgI7wBrsVsv7xCm02BsS5bATWOB9WOQ4_chlmZYpZYdZZ5MFLYRBA.jpg?r=8f5",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQW2ObZvTw_019q5wKOpBAfrxW4SeKljxYZQ_xC4i8NBbBqvrbPmKbxtQuDwQAKW6mjs-EMElEGjHRX8XdJuyOOPUDrSd5PoE3PVLATx02VGPpb7HqJpp47GqzcC20oubZnp7NRorDX8rnRRvU-3_mJcy.jpg?r=ece",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQVmHEoVDkykx-yprQ_GBidLfc9fWiDExx-Wo0jOyGt2CkPF_gtRS666PXIFnZDFfZ5JhzHBosaBi9PYGp0Tq5YiDD2qTp8ILdD1kJBgmxnXAB-2tKbOcW6v6KYflKEWwZBDlxZdNc3GnAQ9Ds9Gfga7H.jpg?r=368",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQVG7efJh5kpFVDSDqg3drXkJRq1FFhpzRFFbp9liwnuVll9vUWdoSjaIgkb9tmm5LJ0-lskNkeAwFJw66DChjAaJl9t787bk-8yFdoqOcZIcA_uwPnzgoYBhLo6zioPlJaqF9yTWn6xq7XcBw0Iy7ihF.jpg?r=32f",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQRfcKy9ESSgNycKurbq2R-5T0ZnlEQEghJobkiuCSxcOmg7w5lcwDnEt4GABJRVXIDqV5xEERfikU_X6TsYUMen3Zbvr5CQ8yLo2C0aeHZjJuF-KHI_V8zAwexCYBxYQwTfQj6XvZXesa7tmQ8wyEOLq.jpg?r=1ec",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/2DuQlx0fM4wd1nzqm5BFBi6ILa8/AAAAQVpuY__l8f-Ax5rZ9wuUvX5OUtj5NLkibTKvf_8iI02J2ybFSHdHjqNfWRpPSPUgzXsGk_kH-OUI4NQqwpDEkXmt-vgudcJX2jq8nLwonS_0KM3hMgQ39TB55G1CqgVEEfjV1vjoDs5OdN2JFWMSr0Dy.jpg?r=02e",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/2DuQlx0fM4wd1nzqm5BFBi6ILa8/AAAAQWrt1jc0N2hwEgx9SuOfU1ATWWGvy4n17DoS0gJOaAXFG3YAsMdSehdQJpZwTugvgfR3VS7xKbWJBPqIfCd2F5jkX8n6SZ-XZB8L7ycMDncPkY2h1ltFNcP2GCF2JNTN79MlT8bdBhDkNmpJmkoqnf1B.jpg?r=d68",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQR96CNTZ2wlOa6e0D6pi0DQjE_15lPufeHNbsRq_4UCxpWNpGozbdpjWWNdB4VEvzg8kWU6JHzlah5aEOak2Rmew46RTW2ZQeXv6xcFH6Kz_udIwi6Z49uQrDdFaET-L9ESuFrvNDlaWT-adAvTjjg10.jpg?r=7bd",
"https://occ-0-2774-2773.1.nflxso.net/dnm/api/v6/Qs00mKCpRvrkl3HZAN5KwEL1kpE/AAAABYBQeDZrjMjAaEGq4jokASX2n5T16F2BErfX83jgAvVxc6zwKIu63HxnwH91R_0V0Tnds7sWm0-vgxO3dOfLsAvH3WVjmxivTUzI.webp?r=581",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQRP2IyaZ08ciWtK7IHSSHi5Fo4VHS59pSOSQgV2ekXm8BebN5moMISJl6BurpnrVoNC7vGfvuaAnRA1kCdv-Y3Owg1fOStjWlerNGtcIWXsmQhEFCrTG5VPcQ_yssZ590voI-bxFaavAXI4W2sM-gTeReSA.jpg?r=e62",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQQGVpO-r1Q0DuntCVdZTfSq5DhHy1DXuAGIuc-cJxqBsDOETMJOO2fi7nREefLrQ6eaWaB1-3YDeze-G2cO1_YXfeYYemT3w2vS7pzaWXC2i-54sQtMCCp6X8jKNGbte2Dwb0nudq5g-lXaIEPKkpYzTxT8.jpg?r=e62",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQSGigLUt8k_KtB8C4dsvbLkZiBoOrzOnGx4kleqqEgzeyFthjAUc1X2RU7s0ZuRHVuLBEod6zWe58Gnhdisi0erN9EXawExFwgWJuV6cV94NaZTiuyEDzDrVuQieSBmiqCOzvUaBVBg74_RqC0vNikzH0ec.jpg?r=e62",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQUfSgdOEHDRIRbOirEGwLYQ9Enl4aSntTU5L5Wf_VOJ2KTEDEGx1a_jIp-nFGBK4EXXxUIydI1yltlHP_RpSRIM7vxy0N3YFtdNvaibao0f0ylNNBccvuK5gWYLHNvD7sg-ZBm6IWmoDkHcS02xw_k_y6SA.jpg?r=5c2",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQVP0sVb0CqSrksDA9YGaeKLsy5jZzSJKYma9Hb_uScv2vULXGJBaf2DLN2omTpsjb23qsojliPA8yCT5vHH3cwzUAkuApC0gvKmWQPE_g9OE4GW3buZUq0rpv6XDp3gh1Kp2t3PIMQLgmTKka19ZVx2eSGs.jpg?r=5c2",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQf6kdv9_GHsG4adLJIQGSJ0c8x1IkeN-LoAlfNmp8WEJlgf1wnnkF9Yq4GF7EkTVDVYfC8KTMhPxGVWveUMPPN4gc5ATzk8rtRmuAhIotTtN_i2YllnKfi35Bt5zHjKtTPyaS2R0XqnQW1xErlYtiPEZuO4.jpg?r=5c2",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQcxFWfjYfpthz7b9Sq7BVA7kpYM52I5d3BqLc-Rr4p-W5sCd08WBkNJCYGvVktzN5Js9Svd1QfKolSioNjKoIx5gPs3ZcrxEixH6Diwm0S7eoh70uBdphFZ9D4fMqQ9gHczWL506NAlGSYEHJUG7o4889NI.jpg?r=db6",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQdYo9k_W_Ex9EqTnbhpT6B4ftxSKM10A6hs0hbBDm96zZJOtuLJyzyMlSTrGr2D9bWUSFbtLgAGZBfSERwzEvpYxa4zWyYuKYC1GcE_vPqyq10GI8XB6gJ9dMWOlTZ0an_oRyALJ7fwdGrKfDAV0p_JZu4U.jpg?r=db6",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQWrfcw_XALrdw2OO-YlW8ZldcG2ZcGrsD6PuTe02F1GX_FVy7rVbL-wr1XWwPsRn7ZNLNvrXRtk4TZIwO7Scvy-2sWHUZqqKo8XUlJRFZfWvZIzVXEt18AQMQssP2zzrMeL5_LkNWpYmCt5jTSEIHko_mDM.jpg?r=db6",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQY0d6dDMYI1lJyhMD1WL5Us1mVnF5wELPmoj7DAMvUvaD50ejD5J8Ut_e9N2eHoCKnC6CCOWkSd4N3640cOvtYoHsNNVHqSxAhIwEVqykubrG_1VvzgLS_0V9qlj-MGBHAhxdJieXVNEVL_B44_bNjXHvuU.jpg?r=fca",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQfT88dj4PGdrRlyT0gTizCrsozb-Rc2_VvzGbH3vPiVLjSU3MZbxHDxODs9gbmJoN9E9AFWWLrUtZf1sFQGmQx7oVq7mCaKmzJbFpnrBzuV8zb6oA_iCiCwrSZ80c2HTM7W9mJMzpaGB-WpPzhqsuAGe_J0.jpg?r=fca",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQUVps4-aDYPShR5wvUEJZC07mgH6vGfKR-RwPJRJxF3HJWnlKQr9_sbL75TpWx0QvvhRP6oTM65cqDYw4zbwdKfcXVtpYINlih9M1Otgs1gmbhpE_76K05yBpP6ED3q9K2Z_l6siBsZ1D82QKJqAKlPV_-Q.jpg?r=fca",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQe1PgTSKo_Q4kSqhi_sIoHNKg0d5UoRq3vA8wZzZ3mNdSD_48YYle-bel2egscF3orPhbOEViXQ67bkpONyNlCWUdZZkxlwRaJ_eFZsoY-wZMnQdwpfypizyZEcHrIp4TqHFLzn5jCx7nyTRSM1k0Y4Y2oo.jpg?r=f33",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQfDQLo-HqR061tQmpOQReAG3knt3Hd_i6fga7Vo7IGPR4i2BRdSQnMaIxVv3TCDDE6VPnSGs0eskfoslnUpA-4HjER7zHQJ1QlP1-O2e8-2D5itxB42kuaUsutjKve_bketZ5UhinRIwVaPECvceYXJmdx8.jpg?r=f33",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQaLW2gKa_qCZR2YxiaZQE62pb3sNI0CtdouQwccAMsGPGY2WC-vqoNmD1k7Ieuu0E1OIS0za-aUjdcyUh-EzYI8HKYzPXuNWRaRBerIbNDdomtl6J9484hsR8t8HS5njwqV9QdhlKWfi8T5Y6A3KdstZYXY.jpg?r=f33",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQd-yBUcLkbfNsjyfyYp2QHNk83MIYkK63ssq53ar9qIT47ZSDcKBBlKBi6AMLSiZlF1AqAGrQAuquD_JqtWI9mGYe5Gu1_ExYXtGwhQuLB8vPBWhr-GpixNdnpnUFoqCs02bn32ogidDS9VUQaTxuMdS-Eo.jpg?r=7a6",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQVsy-4zwkPP5gyjSS3U-NnguN3ytn2dST2XsuxBDFE1fHmw7ozNy4bAGGKB6-RALuyhfgsGotzNd4Ls1XdFj-SwT_nQewIHwU3dUcN2YNkB-EykeswDxfhd__pOhLkbvXN0B82vePE0-rpbaI3vJHumD1WM.jpg?r=7a6",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQWBXIlRDwPkBFsAB0rOkaddgON-_7YzCxsqFSsD_g20QNlxowhUN64rNUZRNMuI2cyMbhPq8jypIB64QUhk4ywOZKhSYFOkBqCGsauJmQwsGrtzDqOgk0oZGaYTOXLbd11m9dNMWG5Vyxrkg6J_7zCHO9vg.jpg?r=7a6",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQXa_ABQvB1-DWyAdJhVunAWLqTavaSd5hLICh6v6yGKZoZ_RHlxbQb_Q4LVCvuMc5GjNVYnfpvifDHkUnZG4lKKteplx2ZR-yuj7IPQFXjbsETpazYX7fB2-qN4u2cXr6jEqSntM6UCh7v8Y8CRN0_j8_XQ.jpg?r=573",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQd52Py_cKZGicyYnS24b7f6MGPUuQXTX90gLsu74kRmsT2_O4Xr8FSPTllGtZ4RNw84mU0w55ILgsYu_RvbTT_F-6aQorl8uGwiJEhIkJsFmtWpCM4D4bd-Y2uwJPKTjQW4b44HAcbg-jWVGoxg6Ep6yMAI.jpg?r=573",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQW4Gv8tNN8gHFQA8Cj6w5NztS1VlTGTdz0ikh-9EYBz6Vs1P1ZVKEBM8GmanEaGPSSc5m0CHJdGxQ86CYz2aSKkWwcYerZqCkCtCLWK4cEoAS0GrT6AdC4X13I1orlIwORrZihZ6YHKM8aZG4JUEvzzNdac.jpg?r=573",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQb-2YVVEwBbFOC5vT8u09XR8ZbkrU0bAvDi-mWpQtejuO23hZz4ipmpXnXh4HqITmAK1uBO0El00EhB6Outn7vFpAuD1yR5ZI-YUYYAbWzZzC9e0V-gT8pDNNAvq0mEpOIAJ1w7JsA-g6FN5KIz6K0huc9o.jpg?r=d52",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQTifdepL84B5kRa9t1j41Jmi9uup9UoOZlPniI5hAXy48owQncNlpnO4lqWI7UHa6uY9Wmu27ei7Na97ZgEjJN5gzP2BhjjPXqu_TLezGt5OOzTmLqAZP7Opm6d_Gd3lzu-P2eEEDZx0Bzqsgj200XtcQjo.jpg?r=d52",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQZp5DugT6__Vv7H_Kk8ptD0o4-pd36NUuIsqxyTZ2v5iaVjQynq7erSBV3fYvfo0YqRg-2k5TgO8p_BEABlFW4WULPqLL6hxByxZQVEVsR1_acnACxaFjDYugIcEhdMwOXAr1rhGKgoq3wFMS0sgiR0oPL8.jpg?r=d52",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQWEIOgqJ9wSr-3dItr_sHi25eJL_GuXNMY65TCJKO9b3DbMlUOfsT8o5sFvHArWt6YCc0kYFvJm6UUeuOmA2VS5F7rYeZ7k_2rXyzzQESo9JClS7YPGD3z1sxbUw7qEk9_xL99xt-GlqYUGqggKyD21XpPg.jpg?r=aed",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQYCyNoLK1aJDd76d4SvXMgrKMpfy3u-DB7DHo2Mz6cVN4aJVm1_CP0hshAER6D7ki92pfGRQFmsfhomMTRKNwvK9m6thozG9qRfaBel71FUcGiy10E5HfJFiBqTcq6YWEmjt4NECtuijKjXCFOfkrHkrHho.jpg?r=aed",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQfScg3-RQhMMeLDkh3UE8w0lkVkinpENvOQ-445H4p2LRwtWBY8f0Qv5Mp83Yy2NRdYWMTGgXdMfl6Sz6M2MpxBnXqcct6FtqzNSVFEZd6r5wqAP2tX9EvaqvuTQHQRXbDgOXJRB7wOfqbr_Wg07EAgXfxQ.jpg?r=aed",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQfphmIgE2cT-K9S9_3pPWQrX3fGhs-GQ10DwkjhgdkRvvaI8cLxFlg4DOCC3b82U9SFHFPqrY7Xk193zfNTU3JBrvmStwOnhNbet2WFqj7zKOSm3aLQi7fG7cs_RhJvqVMImLiAcSe33BA6qbHwklPnxf2A.jpg?r=fad",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQRarBnYgmI_6lLme56AYKQ1w6RExc3uCCzgv3Ws-2_CsiSN8UtiF2VPVwBfn5ARlq-qpTfwtvTYRH2ojeg0qIZj4Ty886Q8EybrctGXHkrK_oFxrUagbehr9y0IfS5auYM9qn8rVGsX-ZYU5X-MUYjBULiQ.jpg?r=fad",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQUE-0zuqts5oCyUPH0U-hTih8o6wLSYaaxBSxSmqnphh5uaEdydLh0T8_sBgsaU36ZQCvyIIoaUwS9kRLwuDSnGUoCKP5UEG3F0tTpDnjRnQDtR7OCK-FqHNwjNY0fGuWlvQTspl8M8cTrTEkD8G0Q4960k.jpg?r=fad",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQbzg5UnuqLoPHOHMaLIW3A_ENv1I2gDr4NMsu0VPmSwwP6E621TRzbk4qps31RVbE5grND-Jp5dCbf77m09GQl771J9PY1QmvIDUTh2KfiDJOeincboZU3qQjDswCRiAgJ8cl6QqN3Brezt61v3sLqKsDzI.jpg?r=010",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQRzAhCIwAR8-JlzvAbF6mwwsAfEvab0ZjRWHNlLAXUjwudEZJpTRVfkrnQw9P7y2MzM8LlfeERH-VBCfyHnJf-MTcZ3TaY6P59nJ-lrH1iAOfqAgWxZ60p9fnQVpMG7plFqH71MOmyyyr8i0HgPSeQsUSmQ.jpg?r=010",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQbl9GIO6E47NZdPjnSSKpYrX5eGs_scClJXR2jACiJ393NnYUhg4RARlVtHVdQ1t33PvD9QDClyFMS40X2amJJqRHOgbMM-bxQEI65w9WCX3XdzWma2yyDktf9XSDcLy7DNjTP8qaZrh8pLUU7-uuKgzoR0.jpg?r=010",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQcGeshq2Z_Y_T4bu3jN3EQHdVSGA8eH7ANkYbKiIgidmGMdxhGyJJxwlM995VYsd4rj03u48Lks6GDzN_8CLw2uT_XcK5n9RHUYuTTqQxITmoFqcvOiWwYKPC5i7oaH2RpZ9LajHf991gGGmuoG85Bw0UQ4.jpg?r=526",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQYF8hD93IsnYi0PkgL9hshJFLOq0lK9mjmezNSPTqiAR0SH5L9EPbFk9lsBXjJisqAmmlrrWiJJvEuwZAkZeApBXv0IhiiD7hCnV_9vzal6fIbIzXETpGDWNmuajN5vKIkSXHzEKqSgbUpaQYq859K4LVVE.jpg?r=526",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQXxQ5G4Vmw2sx-R76fUF2KXzkNi82xoTfqQ_fOxRmC089DtmAs6EXQUax3Ba14HWus2e9YO3hL0Rkgu6gtlM1wfKTwiPuwR0XyqKHlURIhLyppb7NKDXm7mfv7UgohW1xBqkhMzQ6x-Ec9ffXuMfErZT_i0.jpg?r=526",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQU9bmrHZSIK4OLcy0bq5Glr_ZqHw2CZiS3pmp8h8j_zNZLkYKvk4OaK3zE5U9zDq5rwkVpa3Kl_DVMO48vLvlM_7JZnFJQ4lVac0TwjOaifp0yeE2lwfbwrXXRql6J7jdUiJR-BBNZXJBF7ZxzaW.jpg?r=661",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQYC7sMlwo-cROi9wy6Z0n9e97nfxxbao8tivRUtfCeQ-hhyqQpirkYxKFG0KuFIV6L_YGfAlORRG4FgTZsCZxfLlNraktsmRYrmBlxKbaogHkv_dtYUGLSVC7-kNZogWa0dmWtXTHupMtiuI6WrA.jpg?r=661",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQQLje8VrA70Pf446P4miQQTUkwNttsW9X3nfw416B7iCbgfEKwzrHBXY5hRm4a5HuRn5HgiPoupEBcM5Oh8d-nApQSmIm_Q05deTiQ0Ep8MHALgOb2R4m0YqeIwQ2SC9Ywh7Vo3ToKMZk_HjenWZ.jpg?r=661",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQaFXfpTZvYUUuyo1DDeeBiYj46-fk9C2XKftAtkWYrPZZYlTXO8dDnarLeXO6rCjnjn0Z_8iWJg7vvW9dAuxcIvMa8f1smsje_AWwzJ44IY7vwD-XOp88_izj-Z63bGEMyXUvHcWfxz0KCW4sranUvdmZL4.jpg?r=071",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQXA-jSZAOfvU4dI-GAjMBe8crI-VH13hrF_0SMyrYZ8l0_92mMlrspENSmCXjmynwhRGdu8LeHm7jE6BcwBVLp5AkCPfNcoZ8wDb_Al5K_ciZtZDRXT2c95o6iOsA3EvzMJpojeywocIZXN3-ewJ4jCg1Po.jpg?r=071",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQUIRH_6Hlrivo0oP2ezMDXovt3Q4KVIVhW_Iioi6-GAVOXX3zce7Mk1q8dnbf6hcyFT9I9I7VvcYr0QxexD1ZN8dDCR18EVXDafs_o2mlCubcvSkIZViCXk8o6TFK9IUP8K0AkcrEVw5SXQdesvn7pTPtvk.jpg?r=071",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQYAZ-CmJWOYXiXhduOFmb4qiTkp_yJNk5SotFTWQecxcDwEC7MNwtFrRESUGhHCS5F0-igG30x0sUtRv0jPUKqLnNoOdEpdrQfiEBJ7356QXUPEWv5M2hVh4aZIzHTiwx793kcUHd9AdXgmYGZZdxrsf8Jc.jpg?r=198",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQZmGXTJ0FNlJcepSg-cGNCdajM0eb2j6FYhODyWmhybmPg5srM82Vl_aawWuZldRoN2dANJEv6AA0o_oHMDqJz_wbfhppQVyLpIeuTjBRvSkFHnE1Yg8PlV7JxV5xsmmWVON24y0GRcy2a_2YT_ZSBxYDBY.jpg?r=198",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQW-dduz_feIWwQpTllc7xUKQQB_93aujBnj8JMSTUfBS520DKJyN5rTRhOUy0UJ22sBDsXPOOdiv3_xoSQjH7bmD_aU2G4OZaiTOmNlfy_PvuDnaV7ApNmrEMW-Vlr28z-scBVEDqJjAWpAdCHZ4bsk9Gkk.jpg?r=198",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQTa7bR1TM5vUUKrQez2DHONqs7mlJNETTW3mMed6gA58zeEh0a2AR8Du_86xbtjpBm4sQk4O3msDJ_qA3ud_OyNtTfWEftxad25AoNR9yhL1qeKoHYbdf5XknM_6AbI0f20i0HLeWdFFTNOeHbsfYG4K3Yo.jpg?r=4bc",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQevL5Y5P3GtTRi9y3wA9ZdICSe1bGcdrTg8qt_kX_QqmY5XGMK83vKgx4hspui_JFe2CZErdYwalZ9smNkPgX8V-WfO-q2H5D7fbOegys1jbbbhGadM-gCGIJ8qX82LvYpCERIYRiGzFuHWcBa-GvBIJwqU.jpg?r=4bc",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQVNRsCHI09bLtZZnGmgxFgrFTxop71eNPVCQoSndtBFwZtmuR5OAzh66RWFoqzgUh1cWJYnmxwsXVQSnoocY39xvPHM6x1A6XUjSZcx8e9WT8vOk4CdMuKiT3PFMSiWSuMqcQ34HjWbtTTmX5MUHZceBdgs.jpg?r=4bc",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQVFqRM-ATnyLr-IyP8-uPMDUfbk2Ien7padz6uKicqvoCxjMvKo7URMDNxTMaEFv1aIpHR6lVETyLyb2R7TfaqX14xcz-p-JP9nsYLfT_h9qh3uTll1L0EekghG5uvzsabsruEgNIhZouICD8iyIMfs-.jpg?r=ca6",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQWfWnq1yLhjyA6ty65xtX5VBN6cH2OmjnB2P1czsgEyH6jlpOwPWGCvQd13kE9xoUSWFTOjrWGVlxd_uhgVPVAnGdMkUnuDLqCv6yZAN0SN27WSn3xsb5C6lxmZ5hPGAvK1SjcOTBq5K55cYmsvnJp-q.jpg?r=a8d",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQZk0qI7SqbLzwZYyNl5pcA8MEX7n9bdeVBTrE2z3TPokrONHtE3xU0Ex9HQz70r_8xZ2FwVMajZaIjaHHUg9X99px42Dc5y8vdjTOSbrNOFFYRnxd69ZmTcOz0ghRXr6-MMQjMwdRhthOec4v5OHN-35.jpg?r=377",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQXR377_Ndo-Lvguy-emweUNslduqqFR5VVYz9JMP34qxUjdWLP_d27JOhdFPAcvOTTn_eLcG6XGJHAy-ltl3pIbBZvKPTgkbMmjZg-KmhP8u_Q7vcYtVl-j7MqA4fe08ezXqkTVsTXMmkz07MzeHw8n9.jpg?r=39e",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQV5PFjR6-CbOXarl8HtkZSSTMM-CMGTtbLo_bpOSj-gplvL9GPbBpLMbd1IRJXXS6ihK6yhY8TNhseauGe3aureAysx-V2FxGbGJ1DoiT-kMdCPVSeVhD9yMBWIDqVBVxfLBzDMCnCWxkFoiqDlJdLRX.jpg?r=574",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQd2B6V8h8dmhbVsl13GIryw2RCKoS8MLpYt317ih5joJjq6SCJCTy3fAS-zGhINAa6hMpLM-zcaJYNAEq7V3EPAAOiUzsVqvAJKhjqG1ouq78C3LCMxA4tXm2JSMp-L1-nbWdRuHuNa8ma7RKR0v.jpg?r=4ed",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQWM82e2vn6G7LTU5SSyt7uHxyYB6eMNqqxj0WB-cbWXyto0dNIH_dHsb79K5QZyhNeYoQg7mUNwbnGAT0S5rzLcAF9KYuinLdkddtf_56mIePpY36w4tZGr9NHlWjbshI8BoDpnsJWwwvDDDK1Lz.jpg?r=4ed",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQdPzzW-CyKykuavlDShyFglm-zbyst-Huq-ezqZKiTlmM57UyqiKaO6I_O1Zg-8uy4nC5G1DE4zMStWpIIjnq7EmGk0xzS9RuqL5rD3iPCPTJughS2MKjfvJe9Rs3fHfShVsn61cVTYbAigHwWzy.jpg?r=4ed",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQfshSVdeQQubLT4PT4hpmDKb-caN5w0zAZ86bmRJChhuwUypHnUgXGy2xyh3P9N7iVcot12ibOCt5oHP4llyYF3v7JU7x8tATmYSyLMmZIxPe7_sEU5rkVFo4J2JOxXr75faFnAuOCvkzsAVvOLdcoNgUTY.jpg?r=913",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQerVWYElI78brW5heHDgsmwhah7jcDL44uaVEhLLMPRWRMxb1rj5aEKrwZOZchyG-zazHZD9SOCx1ww8mfSc8wLpfpGyit4vWKYP4Fxg6fdUKzZfOi5f38hYs_tywWpKze9d8NfrTuHy8-3AX1V8JK81ugM.jpg?r=913",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQW5hPxWDUhOawgshgZtQVW3nQ-T03mbCNqahj4xS7yegUiSZKUDE_gs6VDiIHvtV-8B14CB8X6ECEp9h8VQabFDSUf3t-Xo9qAt-9uFQMNZ0T_XzUh6V-9iRx0RR-IvkJkbgVBT8_p-UgBXJv3EKsn3ADPM.jpg?r=913",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQa_HizLlM3p1fwLL-baDBIHLj3C_XTjsR9FNjLsjQT18KgjwIMGXPBXuAXZdOgxxnx6UlxOuTKN5F8wp1Hs6Y6cuWa8GT_Tj3Kf7OceZZpIYMLcRaP3SuOctOf66thPcAwXrvBcBw2RSzE9dqdlm7BeUi5c.jpg?r=85a",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQd10t9NCWH0P5nOWsQLk2VmFEf_CERYDFcGnKM0fcDcoGcBUOcd8okihXo25JxDM8_Jxy0clFZ9EPJ7z_NW9RBxHkd4JnxqDOxAGlcs1EbEobpbmdB-MNLvjk3B4RxcdTJ1ooAq35lMAbmDhEst2qSkOdRE.jpg?r=85a",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/BvVbc2Wxr2w6QuoANoSpJKEIWjQ/AAAAQTcZYcOyR0dwaf4jwYP1mr4ity6tk_7XNiLAzvkh0UkvnkxVxej-Afl37Pu9HK6gzgaFPN3W0pR78YNhP9IHenvz0rMWrcXXo9yJURgXKJP8GzjdwTQ1Br61gU4c9c-EUsCBmfLKOH-jnaWy_w-rd4JPmJU.jpg?r=85a",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/ALnfVbMvPhqZAIuQMLkxmdJcXYk/AAAAQUNKT1untiYodN-Uu6J6QVfNjLeEFkR42QibBFxhWZsznGj-rJzOtbHgqx8h14kGPi9WU9lDQD3NoypQ-vYBjUYbstVje3TL22g7z7UQqecMGrQIq_8Z6Ki2BkJAAKuW3Fze9GMhFqm6oWkuhn_4Md8HiASRTa9zSm7DItqpVCAuLj3yjR96pAiHyJhy2oE4A3i6CXkoguLSbaQu6f0d--buq--grrZ04XQP2MNZYISEitj6ZpO4LbQ5GhztIjQiJgUNNISFzHoFnXuSqA.jpg?r=0bc",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/ALnfVbMvPhqZAIuQMLkxmdJcXYk/AAAAQSfI6-BCPQFTTAsx_wczd8og18ww2Bi27JD31rWoExzeIdssI8IgmHqpnB3MTi80Sq9_hu9Xv_eEK-prdBD_2q8wv4KwlfkUodewUT1rFEerborCKFhnzCWbvMDf-MbCKNAyEpgw18HT-lfKHLwZLTL4dAs-3f0mc1NLf6KgGC3EpjS4boVrGUnBMi6aIgg6YUZsouAwthYrz4ZbURCax6XdNM95N9FONf9kPBE5oUwWSgLp8lNHR27JpegXLOcLNcNCKAM1gVpr6iy1.jpg?r=170",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/ALnfVbMvPhqZAIuQMLkxmdJcXYk/AAAAQaiArIsGkDX3WRAABxrC9GuR_FnJ-JMZ6yQqQhnyyq3eIKLxT7ySnhA0B527Y82UUBKPy1vZ2o10_WsLtj0GM71366A6MRVGXf68Ar4t-oVve22DFmkly6Zt9YH6VeXXJU1rlfWa5dioKK88huRnRPB086SKO4fIalzriGQro4Pc9ZGhnymS3nas6kklFLcbCdwNqHHaAUjsOA0fZxiHGesSoeruB2uRpNQmcPUsByjxQdRGsyGRao6MDDBr1nn_2MP2yzZxmuzYPty24w.jpg?r=516",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/ALnfVbMvPhqZAIuQMLkxmdJcXYk/AAAAQRryzoQsKJxSYKGQXehOoUP9im2j03BGJJGnsBOMeQ6Y_iKo5XVoyGyCCmdydb1YT1iS6yCcHOIiRRGHEKrDN5F4hJ07wSeMH4HM329u9ip7U_LNA6r9Y2F8uwEi5_FVFla8I1VWRBjt3NzczECpZieTdmrDRbrpKzGU5Z9Tw6ZsASAZnJ2GZ_Tz5WVpRtGnu7qaC2qHPScVVnjgGyh_PUEYbSAKm3xdQ0y2ECtU4H2UDuqVeraimjd5oV54-J4ouY1kYQyM48y4SNBECw.jpg?r=6ba",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/ALnfVbMvPhqZAIuQMLkxmdJcXYk/AAAAQfQlsC82XAWWV1tu5NOnEfSBDSYbtLCF0_ZFT1yDStmSVQhXyOp0S0-_ZrLT3m_kHTvqSyir5RfUJhNttTjQMhkuspfek0HDg8GUOY9LfqUQkKmqKVQfJ_B_SQxuVvmP2NgvO4thEU3s22KdipnqjanLQkWbKK7SAkHrM27kURPjpv0cFRw58PrAsgQqdlFBf49dgoBnTRgLn3m1wIJDFekFzx3nefTpc6iqdR6tacF3_irAi59nEh4pEuhVngjaAEVAH_Dn0KUE9wEYcg.jpg?r=7eb",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/ALnfVbMvPhqZAIuQMLkxmdJcXYk/AAAAQSkTuRo_uk4ZC0VMlkb8R-NOfS2sl97dzuNbBtn8kWxkbflDEUcbNRkZKVovoom1jXJ9p6ei0yKyIfTovLtMZWkwQrkBfYM5OBmovoBmCP0QT1sgFZ7PiTVnZFhTfF1RBeIQ2XCU5ifCap34wP0GDnMEVA_LsDL-EwAgOGdBP2PZLvxIee7MBJdcBh_m12v7fEwzI6H0h4t7uajRcNYNZDMLyhCo4yc0XPtOSSBqth7h1ty1bDw8XbKfDr7TWc1BlAK8KQZo-hr2r1NRzJLbDRZqkhpigzKihO2xzbP7VO5v.jpg?r=645",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/ALnfVbMvPhqZAIuQMLkxmdJcXYk/AAAAQcDvP2JsqsKBstWlpdcaiiRJHHoJ4IujIXt6npJZdCN16ma5Yu_qpxfB_jgtN04PwKGWoOt7X1-29vhCIEYG_r8dvGA2Ew18khctl5OuZMg1_-uGWELNeX5jOQUtovgwtsjC99IP9uWVf8jTzgChtA4SXCZjO8TdKXOkzbC19n4z2QuvkHXj1bqRuCNtelP4FJBY7hIxHRZPxUPo3QzvG07zBlU0v2jMwB72LjccVMuor3YCH9ilr_S2n88ofM2mCq8Rx06s9CBPO8gJuw.jpg?r=317",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/ALnfVbMvPhqZAIuQMLkxmdJcXYk/AAAAQbTsPPpQxSGAO8m17sS1zfMq_uPSnAGtzocnDBgjDZowHxXOYAomFKJ0UnMuOKEQYJw4Q7XXVTsFUv92R3sAiAYX-MRWca2BOFzHxGdKdUMdahcIFjctS7IjA9bNeicBzWblXckfcoVOmwzxV2qEczVR6_lqZLTX10Uq0MYCZLPMSIu5UbQdqlGq3Y62OyLqY9_L7Uos70LY1ceXFYaIZV9CUSGAnr9pXTHGhfrZTcIzaGamrNiGtKG981lOKg79AAsY5EsCMDmsEogLsw.jpg?r=c79",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/ALnfVbMvPhqZAIuQMLkxmdJcXYk/AAAAQT5go9nlHZ-KxWuHjgIyWrTHCqay7WsIkyuKnsYMPuikTX_FDITyyPeTN3vh9oHdiE0ZnSR28jAcMwRTjIkq5s33qvbogcH-nkeJK8Bap7Niw-MhCv0bFltExVUJeYuCS_j_IqByMAvH2_hU17eWzwAAiMVhIocMNc1Qq8pENnfPJE1gFY_9Z1P7AObTO9hXzWxmuKYrFmsHu0LYkL9CMaxNMrf753eDNLsfbrzwd-664vXtYVxU9HVY2FlCHvTzpOyzFZCS3dMz9gpwyA.jpg?r=8d3",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/ALnfVbMvPhqZAIuQMLkxmdJcXYk/AAAAQTJ3IgcGjD5XhKTbrt3A1QzngAb-vGLnO_5-h_pzctOPC5EBsO0vih9eZmtF3C9-Flhh0HJwK9SR_j2zttob-8iWS2aTC63QCYmc-RGy1YKvg9bzKo4S5mYcOosxPeouiBJ6LMvPwpRS8eyrRhD76sNjm4nF_5Vei2oWPpsGoj_6VqiR-cN-0YLDp2oR35w-IRe1k5-wMzkIanTzCf2m93cGBuWKuCitoFcrXIGEoIoDtkdtVL88i3Su0Mv8Ug7aV0WMLHXdzvCDQYitcA.jpg?r=477",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/ALnfVbMvPhqZAIuQMLkxmdJcXYk/AAAAQUuRu1Bq1pGMTnV2bS3rZPCBuhDclmVHiAR_ZgwYvMyE_nNexPbrTjqz-eFgWBiZIkAUjmEcyQnltsZUxd_q0qJFNvP-jpIjC-jUn7szNn6sJB3Pnlt1783wdaiQt0P9Fll-ubCSrAyYlrCecJPnjzqtrxCYNx6t7KY_qv3hLYFFgggh5hnLBepxgg-SO5JgUX2oniKYKpfT6mAiraOiiUyfp715UT_Fr2HDh_G8UL7aykSm17S8xMuR3Gh4L7mQ7It7cJf4cIWUzSPjGg.jpg?r=451",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/ALnfVbMvPhqZAIuQMLkxmdJcXYk/AAAAQRIxaFxdYEAo09P1YPiseeFSOdY5WMCJji_FYFrtYYOO4BRXPJ2ypOnHXy3GrP60jZCLNngZ4oMEFRow8UFQXhwLstaRCW8d7HmMgnDEiRPAEs-pvwWcjMk9z0JT1upJw2xaxc6-exut84C8rsidNCWdvmkJU-OOSBKQTZoHEtznPUcCxFZc4ifr8_MYFNnD3uqiknN0UVgCrPk4a6X47v_0uWBdDDce3eJ_l9VAS1d1GfDEKvkVPmVEEPKFx1FJlDsugd2W7lgTDjXThQ.jpg?r=0fd",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/ALnfVbMvPhqZAIuQMLkxmdJcXYk/AAAAQcdgUofocwnHHCAqnxU_9R3lPH0BHOpSqe8z98zh4zr7qj8yR4rseVdVFc765N3LqymkMEKt5MyM1yNq3iM-GNxPEZH0bzRDDRC5FsmFFjqMJCx9ZAqSK191Zff9V8ujThZIYa5N-nZP_gZizuRATc7i-20Z9iJpmqCAcDu-CUhMPSMPuB8ORmrC1B1xNUQwkbOa47AE-CDpJ4ou7nytZCjSFnUfZSnceNlDwFDpUw9ka1x9WFZDifi-cu3ppX4CIHZwVepHmGYh13jDlA.jpg?r=1a9",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/ALnfVbMvPhqZAIuQMLkxmdJcXYk/AAAAQbrvNrKQxa52YsNuGgtaOgt3NZvXgdjjLhhw1kl0c6EpotP-V4g3nP9B-hz1Q1sYY7q6goCNoETS0Zj19C4omyjrWm0g3KUBzvHcGAfQLk5kU8TRB-hJQHR-bjD2pt2ODIF9EYE0Ls_PMmc1asC9KvHaloMKssIy0qVrFVJaujKyiEEryYTgSt7pvZnvfWha9r-TlFdwnvUXothh8wErQexPwOGWt35mkRnjf5y9O3ERBxwqVlU4kXKKBfTmghfrYDF34eB5n_-WBNNdvmZAAksYg9V0NpJ4eGBr8Ep_WQ950040FA.jpg?r=7c0",
"https://dnm.nflximg.net/api/v6/ALnfVbMvPhqZAIuQMLkxmdJcXYk/AAAAQaGbiOA0UGeIiEbE1_JBh-LxO41fUoYxrJoqFgAqVKpRBV1Er4sAkhcRdE3Nja7pJfUJlGz8lnNvDCt1Gq5GB66WYbZGxdtEAnjuadx7mEvjmssBgcrMMTLfxF15Ic4vLX7bxXBs7iDbUbMcYU-OTWtrxWh09nLex0VcfRRoOpa4lkTE5EhzcIzX3xsIweLyJOT_xpO5U5CUzHzNSfX3fuinkd0TYHR80GOwwgVaeX2VFNZyoucq_KgFA5LFOJPkEnwxTVyFdYuFtCmNGA.jpg?r=51e"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Ingrid Ostby"
] |
2024-08-07T21:39:02.119000+00:00
|
Tom Cruise stars as an ex-military cop in the action thriller movies.
|
en
|
https://assets.nflxext.com/ffe/siteui/common/icons/nficon2023.ico
|
Netflix Tudum
|
https://www.netflix.com/tudum/articles/jack-reacher-release-date-news
|
Images: Everett Collection
Everything You Need to Know About the Jack Reacher Movies
Time to get Reacher-pilled.
By Ingrid Ostby
Aug. 7, 2024
Just as rumors spread about action star Tom Cruise’s Paris Olympics closing ceremony stunt, the Jack Reacher films hit streaming. Coincidence? Maybe. But what better time than now to tune into the bestselling novels’ first film adaptations, Jack Reacher (2012) and its sequel, Jack Reacher: Never Go Back (2016). Plus, how else will you pass the time before witnessing whatever cliff Cruise flies off next?
The first film — from the director of the last three Mission: Impossible films, Christopher McQuarrie — stars Cruise as ruthless justice-seeker Jack Reacher, after he’s called upon to run an independent investigation to find the true identity of a deadly sniper. The sequel, from The Last Samurai director Edward Zwick, follows Reacher as he, in an attempt to exonerate a friend from being framed, gets targeted by law enforcement and ends up on the run before discovering a massive conspiracy.
Popular Now
New on Netflix
Yesterday 3:00 pm
When will the Jack Reacher movies be available on streaming?
Stream Jack Reacher and Jack Reacher: Never Go Back now.
Who’s in the cast of Jack Reacher?
Tom Cruise (Mission: Impossible - Dead Reckoning Part One) as Jack Reacher, a former investigator in the US Army
Rosamund Pike (Saltburn) as Helen Rodin, a defense attorney
Richard Jenkins (Dahmer) as Alex Rodin, Helen’s father and Pittsburgh’s district attorney
Joseph Sikora (Power Book IV: Force) as James Barr, a former US Army sniper
David Oyelowo (Lawmen: Bass Reeves) as Detective Calvin Emerson, who’s investigating Barr along with Alex Rodin
Filmmaker Werner Herzog as Zek Chelovek, aka The Zec, the leader of a Russian gang
Robert Duvall (The Pale Blue Eye) as Martin Cash, a former Marine Corps sergeant
Jai Courtney (Kaleidoscope) as Charlie
Jai Courtney and Tom Cruise in Jack Reacher
What happens in Jack Reacher?
After a sniper kills five people in Pittsburgh, evidence leads police to ex-Army sniper James Barr (Sikora). Faced with the death sentence, Barr solicits the help of Jack Reacher, a former Army detective. When he arrives to do his own investigating, Reacher is thwarted by Detective Calvin Emerson (Oyelowo) and District Attorney Alex Rodin (Jenkins), who refuse Reacher access to any of the evidence against Barr. So Reacher teams up with a defense attorney and Alex Rodin’s daughter, Helen (Pike). Together, they find inconsistencies in the case that lead them to uncover a conspiracy.
Is Jack Reacher based on a book?
Yes, it’s based on Lee Child’s 2005 novel One Shot, the ninth book in the author’s Jack Reacher series.
Where does Jack Reacher take place?
The film takes place in Pittsburgh.
Tom Cruise and Cobie Smulders in Jack Reacher: Never Go Back
Who’s in the cast of Jack Reacher: Never Go Back?
Tom Cruise as Jack Reacher
Cobie Smulders (Stumptown) as Major Susan Turner, the head of Reacher’s old Army unit
Aldis Hodge (City on a Hill) as Captain Espin, Turner’s friend
Danika Yarosh (Greenhouse Academy) as Samantha
Patrick Heusinger (Absentia) as The Hunter, a mercenary
Holt McCallany (Mindhunter) as Colonel Sam Morgan
Robert Knepper (Prison Break) as General James Harkness, the CEO of Parasource, a shady private military operation
What happens in Jack Reacher: Never Go Back?
In the sequel to Jack Reacher, Reacher’s friend and colleague Army Major Susan Turner (Smulders) has been accused of treason after her alleged involvement in the deaths of two soldiers. When Reacher finds out, he’s convinced she’s been framed, and he heads to Washington, DC, to help clear her name. After arriving in DC, Reacher has a brush with the law and ends up escaping, with Turner by his side. While on the run, the two uncover a sprawling, lethal government conspiracy.
Is Jack Reacher: Never Go Back based on a book?
Yes, it’s based on Child’s 2013 novel Never Go Back, the eighteenth book in the Jack Reacher series.
Where does Jack Reacher: Never Go Back take place?
The sequel takes place in Washington, DC.
Action-Packed Movies To Stream Now From The Harder They Fall to Enola Holmes, here are some films to get your heart racing.
Jack Reacher
2012
Police arrest a sniper who contacts ex-military investigator Reacher for help. But as he and the sniper's lawyer dig into the case, a conspiracy unfolds.
Shop Jack Reacher
Discover More Deep Dive
Deep Dive
The key to this dating experiment? Good chat.
By Cole Delbyck
10:00 am
Deep Dive
The romantic-thriller sequel continues the love story between Rishu and Rani.
By Ingrid Ostby
Yesterday 7:30 pm
Deep Dive
The drama stars Max Thieriot as an inmate turned firefighter.
By Ingrid Ostby and Dalene Rovenstine
Aug. 9
Deep Dive
Become a weaver of magical stories in this clever puzzle game.
By Alessandro Fillari
Aug. 9
Deep Dive
Fantasy-inspired dungeon dive cuts the genre’s fat in favor of fast-paced fun.
By Matt Cabral
Aug. 8
Deep Dive
Check out the new trailer and join the resistance against the Pretties.
By John DiLillo
Aug. 8
Deep Dive
Series creator Steve Blackman shares every hidden detail you might’ve missed.
By Tara Bitran
Aug. 8
Deep Dive
A group of men spend an unforgettable summer together in Japan’s first same-sex romance reality series.
By Cole Delbyck
Aug. 7
Discover More Action
News
“I’m really proud of everybody’s hard work and how much they cared.”
By Tara Bitran
Yesterday 3:00 pm
Guide
The Straw Hats are back in South Africa and ready to start filming.
By Tara Bitran and Phillipe Thao
Aug. 10
Burning Questions
Showrunner and creator Steve Blackman answers your burning questions.
By Tara Bitran
Aug. 9
Previously On
Ahead of the final season, let’s recap the apocalyptic, universe-hopping Season 3.
By Will Gleason
Aug. 8
Explainer
Series creator Steve Blackman explains what it means to be a superhero.
By Tara Bitran
Aug. 8
Guide
We’ve got all the apocalyptic intel for you.
By Drew Tewksbury and Tara Bitran
Aug. 8
Recommendations
The bad guys are upon us, but help is on the way.
By Ingrid Ostby
Aug. 7
What To Watch
For when you’re seeking a thrill ride from the comfort of your own home.
By Allison Picurro
Aug. 7
Popular Now
First Look
The wedding of the year is set for Sept. 5.
By Tara Bitran
July 11
What To Watch
That’s how you know they’re great.
By Jessie Mooney and Erin Corbett
Jan. 22
Deep Dive
What if your ex-girlfriend made a top secret career change?
By John DiLillo
June 26
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 48
|
https://moviesfilmsandflix.com/2014/04/07/johns-horror-corner-afflicted-2013-a-contemporary-vampire-film-following-the-chronicle-playbook/
|
en
|
John’s Horror Corner: Afflicted (2013), a contemporary vampire film following the Chronicle playbook
|
[
"https://moviesfilmsandflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/afflicted_2_24_14.jpg?w=354&h=525",
"https://moviesfilmsandflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/afflicted_dirs.jpg?w=447&h=297",
"https://moviesfilmsandflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/afflicted.jpg?w=600&h=387",
"https://moviesfilmsandflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/maxresdefault.jpg?w=600&h=338",
"https://moviesfilmsandflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/afflicted03rv1.jpg?w=600&h=339",
"https://moviesfilmsandflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/afflicted2013.png?w=576&h=312",
"https://moviesfilmsandflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/afflicted-banner.jpg?w=562&h=191",
"https://moviesfilmsandflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/afflicted-22-wtf-saint-pauly.jpg?w=600&h=338",
"https://moviesfilmsandflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/afflicted_01.jpg?w=600&h=338",
"https://moviesfilmsandflix.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/afflicted_ver2_xlg.jpg?w=392&h=581",
"https://assets.pinterest.com/images/pidgets/pinit_fg_en_rect_gray_20.png",
"https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/5b20fb2a12b31a39a6b6917121c65a6600051ccfa049a3b8b291b98992c11bdf?s=60&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/91127246a053d5390cf28bc943d0662686a80bc57f52bf26355f43bdc9b61e23?s=60&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.largeassmovieblogs.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/bt_assoc_grey_k.jpg",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/c0f1ed931293a4145ab096bdb95c853ea166423a573d8575aa3d4c60d5f25211?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/c0f1ed931293a4145ab096bdb95c853ea166423a573d8575aa3d4c60d5f25211?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"John Leavengood"
] |
2014-04-07T00:00:00
|
MY CALL: The first half of this film serves as a stand alone film with great characters and a cool story. The second half squanders all the good that was curried in the first. Watch for the splendid beginning and try not to let the ending ruin it for you. MOVIES LIKE Afflicted: Chronicle (2012).…
|
en
|
https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/c0f1ed931293a4145ab096bdb95c853ea166423a573d8575aa3d4c60d5f25211?s=32
|
Movies, Films & Flix
|
https://moviesfilmsandflix.com/2014/04/07/johns-horror-corner-afflicted-2013-a-contemporary-vampire-film-following-the-chronicle-playbook/
|
MY CALL: The first half of this film serves as a stand alone film with great characters and a cool story. The second half squanders all the good that was curried in the first. Watch for the splendid beginning and try not to let the ending ruin it for you. MOVIES LIKE Afflicted: Chronicle (2012).
In most familiar form, this found footage film begins with a scene in which we are introduced to our protagonists. This smacks of obvious staging on the part of the writers and director and, in concept, it’s not an original idea. However, this is effective when done well and it really got me to invest myself in the Cloverfield (2008) characters.
In this film, the introduction to our stars Derek (Derek Lee) and Clif (Clif Prowse) is SUPERB! The directors and especially the film editors did a spectacular job to get me to completely forget that I was watching a horror movie as I enjoyed meeting this fun-filled pair. Our heroes are embarking on a bromance-adventure around the world and they’re going to record everything and make a topical website/blogumentary chroniclng their adventure.
I must say that I was astonished at how much I liked these characters within the first three minutes of this film. This is a rare quality in ANY film! Most horror movies are made to turn a profit. This was clearly crafted as a labor of love. These guys didn’t just have an idea worth showing us, they wanted to show us their real journey together as filmmakers as a meta-prologue to this film…this horror film. What a creative leap! They show actual film footage and photos of themselves together as teenagers sharing their love for filmmaking and convincing us of their most sincere bro-bond. It’s actually kind of…well…sweet. You believe these characters because these actors are these characters, they have taken their actual selves and imported that concept into a horror premise. I shit you not, I stopped the movie and started it over after the perfectly done six minute intro just to watch it again in all its splendor. These characters are full of life-loving passion, every day quirks and credible flaws. You will identify with their dreams. Even if you don’t enjoy the horror of this movie, you’d have to be stone cold to not enjoy the intro.
Things take an interesting turn when our gameless Derek–against all geeky odds–manages to take a French girl to his hotel room and Clif later finds him beaten and gashed up, unconscious, and with no recollection.
Clearly sick with something but driven to continue, Derek insists they continue their expedition. From this point, what would normally be formulaic feels subtly approached yet tactfully shocking. Derek begins exhibiting symptoms that are all too familiar to any horror fan. These symptoms are presented cleverly, they foreshadow a dubious future, and they stoke the playful intrigue of discovery much as was done in Chronicle (2012). In many ways, this film borrows from Chronicle (2012). Derek seems to have superpowers.
Derek also seems to be…changing. With this change the tone shifts from fun and adventurous, to dark…and darker. Unfortunately the “darker” third act of this film (which is half of its running time) seems to fall apart, squandering the interest it curried in the first 45 minutes.
I was never someone to scoff at found footage films. Whereas many unfairly stereotype that it’s just a cheap method to get low quality films released quickly, I always viewed the style as a “tool”–and I think most open-minded critics would have to agree. Crappy films come in all forms, and so do GREAT films. The first 45 minute of this movie (but not the second half) represents a good film and I hope it will get found footage haters to shut their mouths and re-evaluate whether they’re truly mad at found footage as a style….or if they’re simply upset and feel cheated for wasting their money on a few horror duds that happen to be found footage horror while completely ignoring the horror slop they also hated that happened to have standard (and thus more expensive) production. Found footage is “different” so it’s easy to point a finger at it and say that’s why it’s not good. Don’t just join the mob and hate…even if you didn’t like this film.
My biggest criticism of this film is that it probably should have only been 45 minutes. It could have ended right there appropriately. After about the 45 minute mark this seems to become an entirely different movie and all the cool, the new and the interesting has already become old hat.
Despite my feelings about the second half of this film, the first half stands alone as a good film and should be celebrated.
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 8
|
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jan/01/the-theory-of-everything-review-stephen-hawking-biopic-gravity
|
en
|
The Theory of Everything review – Stephen Hawking biopic finds gravity
|
[
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=6035250&cv=2.0&cj=1&cs_ucfr=0&comscorekw=The+Theory+of+Everything%2CBiopics%2CFilm%2CCulture%2CStephen+Hawking%2CEddie+Redmayne%2CThe+Green+Ray%2CWorld+cinema%2CDrama+films%2CEric+Rohmer%2CPhysics%2CScience%2CWorking+Title",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Arts/Arts_/Pictures/2014/12/30/1419948596939/theory-of-everything-010.jpg?width=465&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2018/01/10/Peter_Bradshaw,_L.png?width=75&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/12/30/1419948802147/4feead3c-0926-44ec-ac8f-5bee352694a3-2060x1236.jpeg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/12/30/1419949004952/6500b23f-bba0-43c9-9941-39a189ae50ed-2060x1236.jpeg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/About/General/2015/1/12/1421069711332/Jane-Hawking-Stephen-Hawk-012.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2015/1/4/1420391316812/The-Hawkings-012.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/audio/video/2015/1/12/1421052100495/crop_KP-66904_1200.jpeg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Film/Pix/pictures/2014/12/24/1419426046331/The-Theory-of-Everything-010.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2015/1/6/1420559530591/dba48039-b1a4-426f-8561-d61ed653ed11-2060x1236.jpeg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Observer/Pix/pictures/2015/1/3/1420301862501/-Self-effacing--Stephen-H-012.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2015/1/6/1420559258997/5cda520a-dd89-4bb6-898b-8cf852f94258-2060x1236.jpeg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/12/18/1418924905902/Felicity-Jones---010.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/audio/video/2015/1/5/1420453400007/crop_KP-62823_1200.jpeg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/11/20/1416503924971/Stephen-Hawking-infinity-008.jpg?width=220&dpr=1&s=none"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Peter Bradshaw",
"www.theguardian.com"
] |
2015-01-01T00:00:00
|
Eddie Redmayne brings unforced intelligence to this startlingly mature portrait of a complex and troubled marriage, writes <strong>Peter Bradshaw </strong>
|
en
|
the Guardian
|
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jan/01/the-theory-of-everything-review-stephen-hawking-biopic-gravity
|
Here is an unexpectedly charming, moving and powerfully acted film about the enigma that is Stephen W Hawking, the Cambridge theoretical physicist who survived a form of motor neurone disease (MND) that was expected to kill him by his mid-20s, and became a pioneer of the study of black holes, a bestselling author and the world’s most famous wheelchair user. By working from a memoir of his flawed marriage written by his ex-wife, Jane Hawking (the second and more temperate of the two books she has written), screenwriter Anthony McCarten and director James Marsh have swerved a lot, if not quite all, of the cliches about all-too-human scientist-geniuses and they have created a startlingly grown-up portrait of a difficult, troubled relationship.
As it happens, this film does in a number of ways resemble The Imitation Game – the recent movie about wartime codebreaker Alan Turing – and that film’s star, Benedict Cumberbatch, has himself played Hawking in a 2004 TV movie. But The Theory of Everything is trying for something more real, true and intimate in its study of the compromises made within a marriage with unique pressures.
Eddie Redmayne portrays Hawking with simplicity, candour and unforced intelligence; he shines a light on the miracle of his survival into middle age, and subtly suggests how this was partly due to a revitalising, reticent uxorious passion in response to his wife’s devotion to him. Yet it also hints at how the discoveries themselves kept him alive, perhaps even suggesting that he physically imploded into a dark star of pure cerebral force, while his fragile frame had to bear a daunting emotional burden. Redmayne’s performance also shows how the famous electronic voice box liberated him – and how that synthetic voice, with its sing-song robotic tone, enigmatically conceals what he is really thinking and feeling.
The basic story has been recounted in that Cumberbatch TV film and in a recent documentary by Stephen Finnigan, Hawking. The brilliant young mathematician at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, in the early 1960s is starting to make a name for himself, but also shows a worrying tendency to clumsiness – stumbling, knocking over mugs of tea, dropping pencils – which initially could be seen as just scatterbrained brilliance. But a serious fall brings a grim diagnosis: Hawking has MND and two years to live. His girlfriend, Jane, played with fierce, pinched determination and English-rose beauty by Felicity Jones, refuses to give up on him. They marry and have children; the two-year mortality deadline comes and goes, Hawking’s reputation continues to climb and it’s clear that something special is happening.
The scenes and stock characters look pretty familiar at first, with brainy chaps in sports jackets frowning over their equations in the lab, drinking pints of foamy bitter in the pub and chatting up girls – just as we saw in The Imitation Game or indeed Life Story, the 1987 BBC TV movie about James Watson and Francis Crick in 1950s Cambridge discovering the structure of DNA. (This movie, oddly, seems to make everyone in those 1960s pubs stick to 21st-century no-smoking rules.)
Where the film departs from the norm is in showing how Stephen and Jane effectively converted their marriage into something like an open relationship. Frustrated and depressed, Jane forms an intense, ambiguous friendship with a widower, the church choirmaster, Jonathan Hellyer Jones, played by Charlie Cox, who joins them on family holidays, helping Stephen as if he were one of the children. It is a situation in which Stephen is complaisant. Or is he? Soon he himself forms a similar, quasi-platonic relationship with his nurse, Elaine Mason, played by Maxine Peake, which is as intimate, or more intimate, than the dynamics of the conjugal bed. She does not hesitate to assert a kind of marital primacy over Stephen. Is Stephen’s eventual choice governed by emotional pain? It is another mystery.
For a while, this is effectively a four-way marriage: a very un-Hollywood situation. Perhaps things were harsher and less dignified in real life than they appear on screen. But Redmayne, Jones, Cox and Peake portray the principals and their emotional web with delicacy. The title refers to Hawking’s quest for an all-encompassing theory of the physical universe, but the pathos of the film is that in ordinary life, not everything can be made to fit and make sense. Compromises must be made; people must muddle through. It is a gentle, tender story of lovers who found friendship during and after their marriage.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 12
|
https://time.com/3571702/theory-of-everything-true-story/
|
en
|
The True Story Behind The Theory of Everything
|
[
"https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/hawking-redmayne.jpeg?quality=85&w=640 640w, https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/hawking-redmayne.jpeg?quality=85&w=750 750w, https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/hawking-redmayne.jpeg?quality=85&w=828 828w, https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/hawking-redmayne.jpeg?quality=85&w=1080 1080w, https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/hawking-redmayne.jpeg?quality=85&w=1200 1200w, https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/hawking-redmayne.jpeg?quality=85&w=1440 1440w, https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/hawking-redmayne.jpeg?quality=85&w=1690 1690w, https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/hawking-redmayne.jpeg?quality=85&w=1920 1920w, https://api.time.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/hawking-redmayne.jpeg?quality=85&w=2400 2400w"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Eliana Dockterman"
] |
2014-11-07T18:00:34+00:00
|
Which parts of the new Stephen Hawking movie are based on fact and which were romanticized for the film?
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
TIME
|
https://time.com/3571702/theory-of-everything-true-story/
|
The new movie The Theory of Everything, out Nov. 7, traces the marriage of Stephen and Jane Hawking, who quickly wed after then-21-year-old Stephen was diagnosed with ALS and given just two years to live in 1962. They fought the disease, and Hawking is still alive today — and a world-renowned scientist and author too. However, the couple struggled with their marriage as Stephen’s health slowly deteriorated and Jane was forced to care for both him and their three children.
How much of the movie is true is difficult to determine. The film is based on Jane’s 2007 memoir Traveling to Infinity: My Life With Stephen, but that memoir is a revised version of her first book on their marriage—Music to Move the Stars, published in 1999—which tells a more negative version of their life together. For what it’s worth, Stephen Hawking saw the film and declared it “broadly true.”
Here’s what we know from what Jane and Stephen have written about their marriage.
Stephen Hawking was a coxswain on the rowing team
Ruling: Fact
Here’s a picture.
Jane and Stephen Hawking met at a New Year’s party at Cambridge
Ruling: Fact
Jane and Stephen do meet at a party, like in the movie. He was a doctoral student and she was a literature undergraduate. But Jane was a friend of Stephen’s sister, a fact omitted from the film.
Stephen was diagnosed with ALS after a fall
Ruling: Mostly fiction
In the movie, Stephen suffers from a dramatic fall that leads him to be admitted to the hospital, tested and diagnosed with ALS. In reality, Hawking actually suffered two bad falls before his diagnosis: the first in front of Trinity Hall at school, and the other on a train in Germany. The latter fall knocked out his front teeth, which had to be replaced. He did not visit a doctor after either of the falls. It was only when he was home over Christmas break that his father insisted he see a doctor because of his slurred speech and shakiness.
As the disease progressed, Jane had to translate Stephen’s words to strangers
Ruling: Fact
In one scene in the movie, Jane has to half-translate what Stephen is saying to another character because Stephen’s voice is so slurred. According to Eddie Redmayne, the producers actually decided to add that scene in the movie after Redmayne met with the famed physicist. “He told me, ‘My voice was very slurred.’ And that was important to him. I told him I didn’t know how far we would be able to go with it, and he suggested using translators. So I took that back to James, the director, and to the writers, and that’s where those scenes came from,” Redmayne tells TIME. “We never got quite the limit of where he was actually vocally. The producers were worried about having subtitles and all that. In the ’80s, his family and students could understand him, but others would have to go and spend two or three weeks with him learning to interpret him. ”
Jane and Stephen remained in Cambridge throughout their marriage
Ruling: Fiction
Though the film makes it seem as though Jane and Stephen stay in the same spot throughout their marriage, the two actually spent a year in California when Stephen took a one-year professorship position at Cal-Tech in 1975. There, students assisted Jane with the care of her husband and children in exchange for a free place to stay in their home. They continued to solicit student help when they returned to England. Like in the movie, Stephen long refused official outside assistance.
Jane was accused of having an affair with a man named Jonathan Hellyer Jones while she was married to Stephen
Ruling: Fact
In the movie, Stephen’s family accuses Jane of having had one of her children not with Stephen but with a family friend, Jonathan Hellyer Jones, who teaches the children piano and helps take care of Stephen. This happens in the book as well. Jane recalls being confronted: “I met her steely gaze, dismayed that she had so readily jumped to conclusions—and the most uncharitable conclusions at that. All the discipline with which Jonathan and I had forced ourselves to try to sublimate our own desires and maintain a discreet relationship was being trampled underfoot. The simple truth was that there was no way that Timothy could have had any other father than Stephen.”
Jane maintains throughout the book that her relationship with Jonathan remained platonic though they were attracted to one another, and says her and Jonathan’s religion prevented them from committing adultery.
Stephen, however, writes in his memoir, A Brief History, that he became frustrated with Jane’s closeness to Jonathan, who had taken over many of his husbandly duties. He says this is why he moved in with his nurse, Elaine. (More on her later.)
Stephen Hawking was unaffected by fame and fortune
Ruling: Fiction (according to Jane Hawking)
The couple’s struggles in the movie mainly revolve around Stephen’s deteriorating condition, their romantic interest in others and the struggle to raise the children together. In reality, Jane at least partly blames Stephen’s fame for their breakup. Jane has written in her memoir that the marriage began to truly fall apart after Hawking published A Brief History of Time in 1988 and became a celebrity. She says he behaved like “an all-powerful emperor.”
Stephen and Jane disagreed about God’s existence but respected one another’s beliefs
Ruling: Fiction (again, according to Jane)
In the movie, Jane and Stephen disagree about God’s existence, but seem to appreciate that they challenge one another intellectually in debating religion. They balance one another out, and in one touching scene, Stephen even admits there may be a creator, to Jane’s delight. However, Jane writes in her memoir that Stephen’s atheism intensified over the years. She felt as they grew older that he began to look down on her Catholic beliefs.
Stephen ended the marriage with Jane after falling in love with his then-nurse Elaine Mason
Ruling: Fact
Stephen left Jane for Elaine in 1990 and married her in 1995. (Jane did go on to marry Jonathan in 1997.) What the movie does not cover is that Hawking and Mason divorced in 2006 after allegations by Stephen’s children and staff and she violently abused him. Stephen dismisses these accusations against Eliane and described their marriage as “passionate and tempestuous” to the Daily Mail.
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 3
|
https://www.ranker.com/list/best-movies-of-2013/ranker-film
|
en
|
The Best Movies Of 2013
|
https://imgix.ranker.com/list_img_v2/11363/1091363/original/1091363-u2
|
https://imgix.ranker.com/list_img_v2/11363/1091363/original/1091363-u2
|
[
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=10600724&cv=3.6&cj=1",
"https://static.ranker.com/img/brand/ranker-logo.svg?v=1&auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=2&w=104",
"https://static.ranker.com/img/brand/wordmark.svg?v=1&auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=2&w=210",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/brand/20/header/logo.png?fit=fill&fm=png&q=60&dpr=2&w=75&h=56?v=16",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/menuSearch.svg?v=2&auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=30&w=30",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/vote-on-pill.svg?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=24&w=105",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/user_img/303/1514784/original/ranker-film-u1?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=pjpg&dpr=2&crop=faces&h=40&w=40",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/rankedByCaret.svg?v=5&auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=8.852&w=6.898",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/chevronExpand.svg?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=13&w=71",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/user_node_img/3408/68142324/original/68142324-photo-u-1298306946?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=pjpg&dpr=2&crop=faces&h=150&w=150",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/voteUp.svg?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=44&w=44",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/voteDown.svg?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=44&w=44",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/titleChevronRight.svg?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=11&w=11",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/user_node_img/1210/24198246/original/24198246-photo-u33?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=pjpg&dpr=2&crop=faces&h=150&w=150",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/voteUp.svg?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=44&w=44",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/voteDown.svg?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=44&w=44",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/user_node_img/3708/74142287/original/74142287-photo-u1637159395?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=pjpg&dpr=2&crop=faces&h=150&w=150",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/voteUp.svg?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=44&w=44",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/voteDown.svg?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=44&w=44",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/titleChevronRight.svg?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=11&w=11",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/user_node_img/3168/63352498/original/63352498-photo-u37?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=pjpg&dpr=2&crop=faces&h=150&w=150",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/voteUp.svg?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=44&w=44",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/voteDown.svg?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=44&w=44",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/titleChevronRight.svg?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=11&w=11",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/user_node_img/3168/63352497/original/63352497-photo-u28?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=pjpg&dpr=2&crop=faces&h=150&w=150",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/voteUp.svg?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=44&w=44",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/voteDown.svg?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=44&w=44",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/user_node_img/3179/63575666/original/63575666-photo-u56?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=pjpg&dpr=2&crop=faces&h=150&w=150",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/voteUp.svg?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=44&w=44",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/voteDown.svg?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=44&w=44",
"https://imgix.ranker.com/img/icons/titleChevronRight.svg?auto=format&q=60&fit=crop&fm=png&dpr=4&h=11&w=11",
"https://v3api.ranker.com/api/px?lid=1091363"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Ranker Film"
] |
2013-11-18T00:00:00
|
Over 2K filmgoers have voted on the 130+ films on Best Movies Of 2013. Current Top 3: The Wolf of Wall Street, Prisoners, Frozen
|
en
|
/img/icons/touch-icon-iphone.png
|
Ranker
|
https://www.ranker.com/list/best-movies-of-2013/ranker-film
|
Here is a list of the best movies from 2013, as ranked by movie fans just like you. Every year, around the holiday season, film critics and fans alike gather together to proclaim that a select few movies were the best the film world had to offer during the year. For some, the best movies are those that evoke an emotional response and memorable acting performances. For other movie fans, it’s the entertainment value of a film that earns its place on the “best of” lists. Whatever the personal preferences of the movie viewer, people have strong feelings about what they believe is the best movie of the year.
The films on this list are among the best movies made in 2013. These films gathered strong reviews from the most respected film critics in the country, entertained audiences across the globe, and stayed in their thoughts long after the credits rolled. This list includes movies of many different genres, as well as both indie and major studio releases.
|
||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 9
|
https://slate.com/culture/2014/08/the-theory-of-everything-trailer-stephen-hawking-biopic-from-james-marsh-stars-eddie-redmayne-and-felicity-jones-video.html
|
en
|
Eddie Redmayne Channels Stephen Hawking in the Theory of Everything Trailer
|
[
"https://compote.slate.com/images/1dcb10da-f503-487b-910d-a733b39b5dcc.jpg?crop=590%2C249%2Cx0%2Cy0",
"https://compote.slate.com/images/1dcb10da-f503-487b-910d-a733b39b5dcc.jpg?crop=590%2C249%2Cx0%2Cy0",
"https://slate.com/media/components/onetrust-update/ccpa-icons/privacyoptions29x14.png",
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=18406752&cv=3.9.1&cj=1",
"https://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-fw53_-Tq3MNK1.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"L.V. Anderson"
] |
2014-08-06T19:26:48+00:00
|
Does the world need a new biopic about Stephen Hawking? The obvious answer is no: Benedict Cumberbatch won critical acclaim for portraying the...
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Slate Magazine
|
https://slate.com/culture/2014/08/the-theory-of-everything-trailer-stephen-hawking-biopic-from-james-marsh-stars-eddie-redmayne-and-felicity-jones-video.html
|
Does the world need a new biopic about Stephen Hawking? The obvious answer is no: Benedict Cumberbatch won critical acclaim for portraying the world-renowned physicist in the 2004 BBC film Hawking, and a 2013 documentary of the same title featured several actors playing the scientist at various ages. And yet this year’s Oscar season will offer us a new Hawking drama directed by James Marsh, best known for the excellent documentaries Man on Wire and Project Nim. The Theory of Everything will star Eddie Redmayne (Les Misérables, My Week With Marilyn) as Hawking and Felicity Jones (Like Crazy, The Amazing Spider-Man 2) as his first wife, Jane Wilde.
The trailer, released today, follows Hawking as a young graduate student at the University of Cambridge in the 1960s. The central conflict seems to arise, unsurprisingly, from Hawking’s diagnosis of Lou Gehrig’s disease at the age of 21, at which time doctors predicted he’d live only two years longer. (Of course, Hawking has long surpassed that life expectancy; he celebrated his 72nd birthday in January.)
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 49
|
https://www.wellesnet.com/orson-welles-the-meaning-of-rosebud-in-citizen-kane/
|
en
|
Rosebud meaning in 'Citizen Kane' as given by Orson Welles
|
[
"https://www.wellesnet.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/name-wellesnet-e1699160205931.png",
"https://www.wellesnet.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Rosebud.jpg",
"https://www.wellesnet.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/citizen_kane_rosebud-250x182.jpg",
"https://www.wellesnet.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/kane-statues1-249x175.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"webmaster"
] |
2013-02-25T02:13:07-05:00
|
"What does 'Rosebud' mean in 'Citizen Kane'?" The most detailed answer was provided by filmmaker Orson Welles upon its release in 1941.
|
en
|
Wellesnet
|
https://www.wellesnet.com/orson-welles-the-meaning-of-rosebud-in-citizen-kane/
|
“What does ‘Rosebud’ mean in ‘Citizen Kane’?” It is perhaps the question most often fielded by Wellesnet. The most detailed answer given by Orson Welles was contained in a press statement released by RKO Radio Pictures prior the film’s release in May 1941. The complete press release, uncovered by biographer Frank Brady, has been more extensively reported here in the past, but it bears repeating.
________________
By ORSON WELLES
January 15, 1941
I wished to make a motion picture which was not a narrative of action so much as an examination of character. For this, I desired a man of many sides and many aspects. It was my idea to show that six or more people could have as many widely divergent opinions concerning the nature of a single personality. Clearly such a notion could not be worked out if it would apply to an ordinary American citizen.
I immediately decided that my character (Charles Foster Kane) should be a public man — an extremely public man — an extremely important one …
There have been many motion pictures and novels rigorously obeying the formula of the “success story,” I wished to do something quite different. I wished to make a picture which might be called a “failure story.” I did not wish to portray a ruthless and gifted industrialist working his way up from a simple lumberman or streetcar conductor to a position of wealth and prominence. The interpretations of such a character by his intimates were too obvious for my purpose; I therefore invested my character with sixty million dollars at the age of eight so that there was no considerable or important gain in point of wealth possible from a dramatic point of view. My story was not, therefore, about how a man gets money, but what he does with his money — not when he gets old — but throughout his entire career. A man, who has money and doesn’t have to concern himself with making more, naturally wishes to use it for the exercise of power …
The most basic of all ideas was that of a search for the true significance of the man’s apparently meaningless dying words. Kane was raised without a family. He was snatched from his mother’s arms in early childhood. His parents were a bank. From the point of view of the psychologist, my character had never made what is known as “transference” from his mother. Hence his failure with his wives. In making this clear during the course of the picture, it was my attempt to lead the thoughts of my audience closer and closer to the solution of the enigma of his dying words. These were “Rosebud.” The device of the picture calls for a newspaperman (who didn’t know Kane) to interview people who knew him very well. None had ever heard of “Rosebud.” Actually, as it turns out, “Rosebud” is the trade name of a cheap little sled on which Kane was playing on the day he was taken away from his home and his mother. In his subconscious it represented the simplicity, the comfort, above all the lack of responsibility in his home, and also it stood for his mother’s love which Kane never lost.
In his waking hours, Kane had certainly forgotten the sled and the name which was painted on it. Casebooks of psychiatrists are full of these stories. It was important for me in the picture to tell the audience as effectively as possible what this really meant. Clearly it would be undramatic and disappointing if an arbitrary character in the story popped up with the information. The best solution was the sled itself. Now, how could this sled still exist since it was built in 1880?
It was necessary that my character be a collector the kind of man who never throws anything away. I wished to use as a symbol — at the conclusion of the picture — a great expanse of objects — thousands and thousands of things — one of which is “Rosebud.” This field of inanimate theatrical properties I wished to represent the very dust heap of a man’s life. I wished the camera to show beautiful things, ugly things and useless things, too — indeed everything, which could stand for a public career and a private life. I wished objects of art, objects of sentiment, and just plain objects. There was no way for me to do this except to make my character, as I have said, a collector, and to give him a great house in which to keep his collections. The house itself occurred to me as a literal translation in terms of drama of the expression “ivory tower.” The protagonist of my “failure story” must retreat from a democracy which his money fails to buy and his power fails to control.
There are two retreats possible: death and the womb. The house was the womb. Here too was all the grandeur, all the despotism, which my man had found lacking in the outside world. Such was his estate — such was the obvious repository for a collection large enough to include, without straining the credulity of the audience — a little toy from the dead past of a great man.
_____
Post your comments on the Wellesnet Message Board.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 30
|
https://alsnewstoday.com/columns/lets-go-to-the-movies/
|
en
|
Let's Go to the Movies: A Look at Rare Diseases in Film
|
[
"https://insight.bionewsservices.com/matomo.php?idsite=56&rec=1",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/ALSnewstoday.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/color-fb.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/x-blue-logo-56.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/color-ig.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/color-sc.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/color-youtube.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/color-pin.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/color-fb.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/x-blue-logo-56.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/color-ig.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/color-sc.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/color-youtube.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/color-pin.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Dagmar-Munn-150x150.jpg",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/blog_images_2-29-e1523904218236.png",
"https://bionews.com/global-code/images/facebook.png",
"https://bionews.com/global-code/images/twitter.png",
"https://bionews.com/global-code/images/reddit-icon.png",
"https://bionews.com/global-code/images/mail.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Dagmar-Munn-150x150.jpg",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=44&d=mm&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=44&d=mm&r=g",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Dagmar-Munn-150x150.jpg",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=44&d=mm&r=g",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/ALS-Promo-Driver-600x740-V2.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ClinicaltrialGraph-380x200-c-default.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/kristinneva_joyfulsorrow-380x200-c-default.jpg",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/InTheNews-380x200-c-default.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/BionewsLogo_Black.svg",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/color-fb.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/x-blue-logo-56.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/color-ig.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/color-sc.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/color-youtube.png",
"https://alsnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/color-pin.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Dagmar Munn",
"Daniel",
"Elke",
"Dagmar"
] |
2020-07-21T14:00:26+00:00
|
Columnist Dagmar Munn takes a look at ALS visibility in the media. She also points out that those who live with ALS are the stars in their own hero movies.
|
en
|
ALS News Today
|
https://alsnewstoday.com/columns/lets-go-to-the-movies/
|
During these past few months, like most folks I know, I’ve been watching movies — lots of movies. And by now, my wish list of titles is pretty well picked over. So, whenever a new release comes out, I jump on it, thinking “OK, Netflix, surprise me!”
Well, I got my surprise while watching “The Old Guard.” It checked all of the boxes of being a hero movie with a female lead, contained lots of diversity, and finished with a feel-good message. But my big surprise was discovering that ALS was a plot point.
Spoiler alert: In the movie, one of the key characters, named Mr. Copley, is motivated to join the bad guy’s side because his wife died from ALS. At one point, he recounts her battle, in which she lost the ability to speak, breathe, or “do anything.”
This movie got me thinking about the evolution of disability representation in the media. Especially my disability, ALS.
Are there movies showing ALS?
Of course, I’ve become more sensitive to the issue since receiving my own diagnosis of ALS in 2010. At that time, the media paid little attention to ALS. But in 2014, the Ice Bucket Challenge put a spotlight on the disease. That same year, Hollywood debuted two movies featuring an ALS patient as the main character. I cheered.
“You’re Not You,” starring Hilary Swank, tells the story of a classical pianist having to deal with the aftermath of an ALS diagnosis. Fighting her family’s disdain and an unsupportive community, she finally finds encouragement when she hires an offbeat, fun caregiver.
The 2014 biopic of British physicist Stephen Hawking, “The Theory of Everything,” shows the progression of his disease in vivid detail. But rather than dissolving into a sad storyline, the depiction evokes reality. Eddie Redmayne, who won an Oscar for his portrayal of Hawking, took great care and spent an extraordinary amount of time learning how to accurately portray the various symptoms of ALS.
Did you know that in 2019’s “Joker,” the infamous comic book villain played by Joaquin Phoenix struggles with an illness that is very real to anyone with ALS? While the movie never names what specific illnesses Phoenix’s character has been diagnosed with, he experiences fits of uncontrollable laughter. These same symptoms manifest in people who have ALS, traumatic brain injuries, and other neurological conditions. It’s called pseudobulbar affect, or PBA.
These episodes can go on for minutes at a time and can cause embarrassment, social isolation, distress, and depression. PBA is thought to affect 2 to 7 million people in the U.S.
Looking forward
ALS visibility in the media is definitely moving in the right direction. Although we have a long way to go, I applaud Hollywood’s role in raising the profile of disabilities and rare diseases. Especially since we’ve only recently emerged from a dismal ALS Awareness Month due to current global challenges. Unfortunately, this year’s event meant that traditional activities such as fundraising walks, runs, and auctions had to go online.
We who live with ALS are the stars in our own hero movies. We live with family, friends, and caregivers who are our supporting cast. Let’s go forward and look to the happy ending, because I believe we can live well while living with ALS.
***
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 65
|
https://www.bibme.org/apa
|
en
|
Try Our Free APA Citation Generator & APA Format Guide
|
[
"https://www.bibme.org/static/logo.svg",
"https://www.bibme.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/BibMe-APA-intext-citations.jpg",
"https://www.bibme.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/BM-APA-format-tables.png",
"https://www.bibme.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/BM-APA-7-ref-list-example.png",
"https://www.bibme.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/BibMe-APA-format-student-title-page.png",
"https://www.bibme.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/BibMe-APA-format-professional-title-page.png",
"https://www.bibme.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Bibme-APA-7-headings.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Looking for an APA citation generator and complete APA format guide? Look no further! Our free resources make citing in APA style a breeze.
|
en
|
/static/favicon.ico
| null |
Free BibMe APA Format Guide & Generator
Welcome to a comprehensive guide on citing sources and formatting papers in the American Psychological Association style. Below are reference and in-text citation examples, directions on formatting your paper, and background information on the style.
What is APA?
APA stands for the American Psychological Association, which is an organization that focuses on psychology. They are responsible for creating this specific citation style. They are not associated with this guide, but all of the information here provides guidance to using their style and follows the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.
What is APA Citing?
APA style is used by many scholars and researchers in the behavioral and social sciences, not just psychology. There are other citation formats and styles such as MLA and Chicago citation style, but this one is most popular in the fields of science.
Following the same standard format for citations allows readers to understand the types of sources used in a project and also understand their components.
The information in this guide follows the 7th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. It outlines proper ways to organize and structure a research paper, explains grammar guidelines, and how to properly cite sources. This webpage was created solely by BibMe to help students and researchers focus on how to create APA citations.
The 7th edition of the Publication Manual was released in 2020. We address differences between the 6th and 7th editions at the end of this guide.
For more information, please consult the official Publication Manual.
We cite sources for many reasons. One reason is to give credit to the authors of the work you used to help you with your own research. When you use another person's information to help you with your project, it is important to acknowledge that individual or group. This is one way to prevent plagiarism. Another reason why we create citations is to provide a standard way for others to understand and possibly explore the sources we used. To learn more about citations, check out this page on crediting work. Also, read up on how to be careful of plagiarism.
What Does it Look Like?
There are two types of citations:
In-text/Parenthetical citations: Those that are found in the body of a project are called in-text/parenthetical citations. They're added into a project when a direct quote or paraphrase has been added into your work. These citations only include the name(s) of the author(s), date, and page number(s), if applicable.
References: Those that are found on the final part of a project are called references. They're are found in the reference list (sometimes called APA works cited by some teachers), which is at the end of the assignment. It includes the full information of all sources used in a project. These types of references show the author's name, date published, title, publisher, URL, and other key pieces of information.
Depending on the types of sources used for your project, the structure for each citation may look different. There is a certain format or structure for books, a different one for journal articles, a different one for websites, and so on. Scroll down to find the appropriate APA format structure for your sources.
Even though the structure varies across different sources, see below for a full explanation of in-text citations and reference citations.
Still wondering, "What is APA format?" To learn more about APA referencing, including access to the American Psychological Association\'s blog, formatting questions, & referencing explanations, click on this link for further reading on the style. To learn more about using the BibMe service (BibMe.com) to help build APA citation website references, see the section below titled, "Using the BibMe Online Writing Center to Create Citations for your Reference List or APA Bibliography."
Citing Basics
In-Text Citations Overview
When using a direct quote or paraphrasing information from a source, include an in-text or parenthetical citation into the body of your project, immediately following it.
An APA in-text citation may look similar to this:
Author's Last name (Year) states that "direct quote" or paraphrase (page number).
Parenthetical citations look like this:
"Direct quote" or paraphrase (Author's Last name, Year, Page number).
These types of APA citations always have the author and the date together.
Only direct quotes need a page number. For paraphrased information, it isn't necessary, but helpful for the reader.
See the section below titled, "In-Text or Parenthetical Citations," for a full explanation and instructions.
Full References Overview
Each source used in your project is listed as a full citation on the APA reference page, which is usually the last part of a project.
The structure for each citation is based on the type of source used. Scroll down to see APA format examples of some common source formats.
Most print and offline citations include the following pieces of information, commonly in this order:
Author's Last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Date published). Title of source. Publisher.
Most online citations include the following pieces of information, commonly in this order:
Author's Last name, First Initial. Middle initial. (Date published). Title of source. URL
To see how to format each section, scroll down to the appropriate areas of this guide. There is a section on authors, one on publication dates, another on titles, publishers, and on online information.
To determine the exact APA citation format for your full citations, scroll down to the section titled, "Common Examples."
For a detailed explanation on formatting your reference list, scroll down to the section titled, "Your Reference List."
Here's a quick snapshot of the basics:
All in-text citations included throughout the paper should have a corresponding full reference at the end of the project.
Full references go on their own page at the end of a project. Title the page "References"
References are listed in alphabetical order by the first word in the reference (usually the author's last name, sometimes the title).
If the reference begins with the words A, An, or The, ignore them and alphabetize the reference by the word following it.
If you're looking for an easy way to create your references and citations, use BibMe's free APA citation machine, which automatically formats your sources quickly and easily.
Citation Components
How to Structure Authors
Authors are displayed in reverse order: Last name, First initial. Middle initial. End this information with a period.
APA format example:
Kirschenbaum, M. A.
In an APA citation, include all authors shown on a source. If using the BibMe APA citation builder, click "Add another contributor" to add additional author names. Our free citation creator will format the authors in the order in which you add them.
Multiple authors, same last name:
If your reference list has multiple authors with the same last name and initials, include their first name in brackets.
Example:
Brooks, G. [Geraldine]. (2005). March. Viking.
Brooks, G. [Gwendolyn]. (1949). Annie Allen. Harper & Brothers.
No author:
When no author is listed, exclude the author information and start the citation with the title followed by the year in parentheses.
Editors:
When citing an entire edited book in APA format, place the names of editors in the author position and follow it with Ed. or Eds. in parentheses. See below for examples of citing edited books in their entirety and also APA citation format for chapters in edited books.
Comparison chart:
Use this handy chart to determine how to format author names in citations and references.
How to Structure Publication Dates
General structure is:
Year, Month Day
Example: 1998, March 22
Place the date that the source was published in parentheses after the name of the author. In APA format for periodicals, include the month and day as well. If no date is available, place n.d. in parentheses, which stands for no date. For more details, see Section 9.14 of the Publication Manual.
How to Structure the Title
For book titles: Only capitalize the first letter of the first word in the title and the same for the subtitle. Capitalize the first letter for any proper nouns as well. Place this information in italics. End it with a period.
Example:
Gone with the wind.
For articles and chapter titles: Only capitalize the first letter of the first word in the title and the same for the subtitle. Capitalize the first letter for any proper nouns as well. Do not italicize the title or place it in quotation marks. End it with a period.
Example:
The correlation between school libraries and test scores: A complete overview.
For web pages on websites: Same as above. The web page title is italicized.
Example:
Simmons, B. (2015, January 9). The tale of two Flaccos. Grantland. http://grantland.com/the-triangle/the-tale-of-two-flaccos/
For magazine, journal, and newspaper titles: Each important word should start with a capital letter.
Example:
The Boston Globe
If you believe that it will help the reader to understand the type of source, such as a brochure, lecture notes, or an audio podcast, place a description in brackets directly after the title. Only capitalize the first letter.
Example:
New World Punx. (2014, February 15). A state of trance 650 [Audio file]. https://soundcloud.com/newworldpunx/asot650utrecht
How to Structure Publication Information
Publisher Location
In previous editions of the publication manual, books and sources that were not periodicals indicated the city and state of publication. However, in the 7th edition, the location of publication is no longer given except “for works associated with specific locations, such as conference presentations” (p. 297).
For conference presentations, give the city, state/province/territory, and country. If in the US, abbreviate the state name using the two-letter abbreviation. Place a colon after the location.
Examples:
Philadelphia, PA:
Rotterdam, Netherlands:
Periodical Volume and Number
For journals, magazines, newspapers, and other periodicals, place the volume number after the title. Italicize this information. Place the issue number in parentheses and do not italicize it. Afterwards, include page numbers.
Example:
Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 57(1), 79-82.
If you're citing a newspaper article, include p. or pp. before the page numbers.
How to Structure the Publisher
The names of publishers are not necessary to include for newspapers, magazines, journals, and other periodicals.
For books and other sources: It is not necessary to type out the name of the publisher exactly as it is shown on the source. Use a brief, but understandable form of the publisher's name. Exclude the terms publishers, company, and incorporated. Include Books and Press if it is part of the publisher's name. End this information with a period (See Section 9.29 in the Publication manual for more details).
Example:
Little Brown and Company would be placed in the APA citation as: Little Brown.
Oxford University Press would be placed in the citation as: Oxford University Press.
How to Structure Online Sources
For sources found online:
include the URL at the end of the citation
do not place a period after the URL
If you're citing a periodical article found online, there might be a DOI number attached to it. This stands for Direct Object Identifier. A DOI, or digital object identifier, is a unique string of numbers and letters assigned by a registration agency. The DOI is used to identify and provide a permanent link to its location on the Internet. The DOI is assigned when an article is published and made electronically. If your article does indeed have a DOI number, use this instead of the URL as the DOI number is static and never changes. If the source you're citing has a DOI number, after the publication information add a period and then http://dx.doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxxx. The x's indicate where you should put the DOI number. Do not place a period after the DOI number. See sections 9.35-36 in the Publication manual for more details.
If you're using the automatic BibMe APA reference generator, you will see an area to type in the DOI number.
Example:
Lobo, F. (2017, February 23). Sony just launched the world's fastest SD card. http://mashable.com/2017/02/23/sony-sf-g-fastest-sd-card/?utm_cid=mash-prod-nav-sub-st#ErZKV8blqOqO
Chadwell, F.A., Fisher, D.M. (2016). Creating open textbooks: A unique partnership between Oregon State University libraries and press and Open Oregon State. Open Praxis, 8(2), 123-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.8.2.290
Citations and Examples
Citations for Print Books
Author's Last name, First name initial. Middle name initial. (Year published). Title of book. Publisher.
Example:
Finney, J. (1970). Time and again. Simon and Schuster.
Looking for an APA formatter? Don't forget that the BibMe APA citation generator creates citations quickly and easily.
Notes: When creating an APA book citation, keep these in mind:
Capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title and any subtitles, as well as the first letter of any proper nouns.
The full title of the book, including any subtitles, should be stated and italicized.
Citations for Edited Books
Most edited books state on the cover or title page that they are edited by an author or multiple authors. The format is the same as a print book, except the editor's name is in the author's position. Include a parentheses afterwards with the abbreviation (Ed.) for an edited book by one author or (Eds.) for an edited book with two or more authors.
Editor, F. M. (Ed.). (Year published). Title of edited book. Publisher.
Example:
Gupta, R. (Ed.). (2003). Remote sensing geology. Springer-Verlag.
Citations for Chapters in Edited Books
Some edited books contain chapters written by various authors. Use the format below to cite an author's individual chapter in an edited book.
Chapter author's Last name, F. M. (Year published). Title of chapter. In F. M. Last name of Editor (Ed.), Title of book (p. x or pp. x-x). Publisher.
Notice that for APA style, the title of the chapter is not italicized, while the title of the book is. In addition, the chapter author's name is reversed at the beginning of the reference, but the editor's name is written in standard order.
Example:
Longacre, W. A., & Ayres, J. E. (1968). Archeological lessons from an Apache wickiup. In S. R. Binford & L. R. Binford (Eds.), Archeology in cultural systems (pp. 151-160). https://books.google.com/books?id=vROM3JrrRa0C&lpg=PP1&dq=archeology&pg=PR9#v=onepage&q=archeology&f=false
In the above example, Longacre and Ayers are the authors of the individual chapter and Binford & Binford are the editors of the entire book.
Citing an E-book from an E-reader
E-book is short for "electronic book." It is a digital version of a book that can be read on a computer, e-reader (Kindle, Nook, etc.), or other electronic devices. Include the DOI or URL if one exists for the e-book.
Author's Last name, F. M. (Year published). Title of work. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxxx or URL
https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxxx is used when a source has a DOI number. If the e-book you're citing has a DOI number, use it in the APA citation. DOIs are preferred over URLs.
How to cite in APA (an e-book example):
Eggers, D. (2008). The circle. https://www.amazon.com
Citing an E-book Found in a Database and Online
Use this format when citing an e-book that is either found on a website, or found on a subscription database. APA formatting for this is very similar to the structure of a print book. The only difference? Instead of the publisher information, include the DOI number or URL.
Author's Last name, F. M. (Year published). Title of work. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxxx OR URL
When citing an online book or e-book, keep in mind:
A DOI (digital object identifier) is an assigned number that helps link content to its location on the Internet. It is therefore important, if one is provided, to use it when creating a citation. In place of the x's in the DOI format, place the 10 digit DOI number.
Notice that for e-books, publication information is excluded from the citation.
Example:
Sayre, R. K., Devercelli, A. E., Neuman, M. J., & Wodon, Q. (2015). Investment in early childhood development: Review of the world bank's recent experience. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0403-8
Citations for Chapters in E-books
Need to cite a chapter in an e-book? No problem! Citing a chapter in an e-book is very similar to citing a chapter in a print book. Instead of including the publisher information, include a DOI number (if one is displayed) or the URL.
Chapter author's Last name, F. M. (Year published). Title of chapter. In F. M. Last name of Editor (Ed.), Title of book (p. x or pp. x-x). https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxxx or URL
Epstein W. M. (1999). The ineffectiveness of psychotherapy. In C. Feltham (Ed.), Controversies in psychotherapy and counselling (pp. 65-73). https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446217801.n8
Citations for Websites
How to cite a web page on a website in APA:
Author's Last name, F. M. (Year, Month Day published). Title of article or page. Site Name. URL
APA website citation example:
Simmons, B. (2015, January 9). The tale of two Flaccos. Grantland. http://grantland.com/the-triangle/the-tale-of-two-flaccos/
Citing a web page with a group author:
Group Name. (Year, Month Date published). Title of wep page. Saite Name included if different from Group Name. URL
Examples:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, February 3). Be prepared to stay safe and healthy in winter. https://www.cdc.gov/features/winterweather/index.html
National Park Service. (n.d.). Enchanting landscapes beneath the parks. https://www.nps.gov/subjects/caves/index.htm
Note: "n.d." stands for "no date" and is used when there is no publication date.
The above follows Section 10.16 of the Publication manual.
Still wondering how to cite a website in APA? Check out BibMe.com! It's quick, simple, and free! Our APA citation machine also builds references for many other styles as well!
Citations for Journal Articles Found in Print
Today, most journal articles are found online, but you may be lucky enough to score a copy of a print version for your research project. If so, use the structure below for your reference:
Author's Last name, F. M. (Year published). Article title. Periodical Title, Volume(Issue), pp.-pp.
Notice that the article's title is only capitalized at the beginning. If there are any proper nouns or subtitles, capitalize the first letter for those words as well. The journal article's title and the volume number are both italicized. In addition, the title of the journal is in title case form (all important words are capitalized).
Example:
Nevin, A. (1990). The changing of teacher education special education. Teacher Education and Special Education: The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children,13(3-4), 147-148.
Citations for Journal Articles Found Online
Databases are a popular place to find high quality journal articles. These references are formatted the same way as the print versions, except the DOI or URL is included at the end. If the article has a corresponding DOI number, use it instead of the URL. No URL? Use the homepage of the journal's website for the URL. See Section 10.1 in the Publication manual for additional examples.
Author's Last name, F. M. (Year published). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page range. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxxx OR URL
Example:
Spreer, P., & Rauschnabel, P. A. (2016). Selling with technology: Understanding the resistance to mobile sales assistant use in retailing. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 36(3), 240-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.2016.1208100
Notes: When creating your online journal article citation, keep in mind:
This citation style does NOT require you to include the date of access/retrieval date or database information for electronic sources.
Use the URL of the journal homepage if there is no DOI assigned and the reference was retrieved online. * If the journal article has a DOI number assigned to it, include that number in the citation instead of a URL.
Don't forget, our free BibMe APA generator is simple to use! Check out BibMe Plus while you're at it! If you have a noun, conjunction, or preposition out of place, we'll flag it and offer suggestions for quick writing fixes!
Citations for a Newspaper Article in Print
Similar to journal articles, most individuals use online newspaper articles for research projects. However, if you're able to get your hands on a print version, use this structure for your reference:
Author's Last name, F. M. (Year, Month Day of Publication). Article title. Newspaper Title, pp. xx-xx.
Example:
Rosenberg, G. (1997, March 31). Electronic discovery proves an effective legal weapon. The New York Times, p. D5.
Notes: When creating your newspaper citation, keep in mind:
Begin page numbers with p. (for a single page) or pp. (for multiple pages).
Even if the article appears on non-consecutive pages, include all page numbers, and use a comma to separate them. Example: pp. C2, C5, C7-C9.
Include the full date of publication, not just the year like in most references.
Citations for Newspapers found Online
Use this structure when referencing a newspaper article found on a website or database:
Author's Last name, F. M. (Year, Month Day of Publication). Title of article. Title of Newspaper. URL of newspaper's homepage
Example:
Rosenberg, G. (1997, March 31). Electronic discovery proves an effective legal weapon. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com
Notes: When citing a newspaper, keep in mind:
If the article was found on the newspaper's website, include the URL for the newspaper's homepage. For databases, include whatever URL is provided.
Multiple lines: If the URL runs onto a second line, only break URL before punctuation (except for http://).
This style does NOT require you to include the date of access for electronic sources. If you discovered a newspaper article via an online database, the database's information is NOT required for the citation either. If you're using the BibMe APA formatter, we make it easy for you by only including what you need in your references!
Citations for Magazines
Citing a magazine article in print:
Author's Last name, F. M. (Year, Month of publication). Article title. Magazine Title, Volume(Issue), page range.
APA format citation:
Tumulty, K. (2006, April). Should they stay or should they go? Time, 167(15), 3-40.
Notes: When citing a magazine, keep in mind:
You can find the volume number with the other publication information of the magazine.
You can typically find page numbers at the bottom corners of a magazine article.
If you cannot locate an issue number, simply don't include it in the citation.
Citing a magazine article found online:
Author's Last name, F. M. (Year, Month of publication). Article title. Magazine Title, Volume(Issue). URL
Example:
Tumulty, K. (2006, April). Should they stay or should they go? Time, 167(15). http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1179361,00.html
Notes: When creating an online magazine citation, keep in mind:
*The volume and issue number aren't always on the same page as the article. Check out the other parts of the website before leaving it out of the citation.
Citations for Blogs
Blogs are found on websites and display continuously updated content and posts by a single author, group, or company. A blog shows news updates, ideas, information, and many other types of entries. Similar to journal entries, a blog begins with the date the information was added followed by the content.
If you’re wondering how to cite a blog entry, look no further! Citing a blog is very similar to citing a website.
Citing a blog post:
Last name of Author, First initial. Middle initial. (Year, Month Day blog post was published). Title of blog post. Title of Blog. URL
Example:
Gonzalez, J. (2019, February 3). Let’s give our teaching language a makeover. Cult of Pedagogy. https://www.cultofpedagogy.com/language-makeover/
Notice that the blog title only has a capital letter at the beginning. If there are any proper nouns in the title, capitalize the first letter for those as well.
Cite a blog post in the text of the paper:
(Author’s last name, Year)
OR
Author’s last name (Year)
Citations for Research Reports
A research, or technical report, is a piece of work that provides insight into research done by an individual researcher, a group of researchers, or a company or organization.
Citing a research report in print:
Author’s Last Name, F. M. or Organization. (Year published). Title of research report (Report No.). Publisher.
Note: If the publisher is the same as the author, use the name as the the “Author” and don't list the publisher.
Example:
Michigan Venture Capital Association. (2018). Annual research report.
Citing an online research report:
Author’s Last Name, F. M. or Organization. (Year published). Title of research report (Report No.). URL
Example:
Newson, S. E. & Berthinussen, A. (2019). Improving our understanding of the distribution and status of bats within the Ryevitalise Landscape Partnership Scheme area (BTO Research Report No. 716). https://www.bto.org/sites/default/files/publications/btorr716finalwebsite.pdf
Citations for Films
Producer's Last name, F. M. (Producer), & Director's Last name, F. M. (Director). (Release Year). Title of motion picture [Motion picture]. Studio.
Example:
Bender, L. (Producer), & Tarantino, Q. (Director). (1994). Pulp fiction [Film]. Miramax.
Citations for Online Films & Videos:
Person who posted the video's Last name, F. M. [User name]. (Year, Month Day of posting). Title of video [Video]. Publishing site. URL
If the name of the individual who posted the YouTube video is not available, begin the citation with the user name and do not place this information in brackets.
Smith, R. [Rick Smith] (2013, September 20). Favre to Moss! [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOP_L6hBjn8
Note: If you're discussing a certain part of the film or video in the body of your project, include a timestamp in the in-text or parenthetical citation. (Pulp Fiction, 1994, 1:15:30). The time stamp is Hours:Minutes:Seconds.
Citations for Images
Citing an image found in a print publication (such as a book or magazine) or museum:
Creator's Last name, F. M. (Year of Publication). Title of image [Format]. Publisher/Museum.
Including the format helps the reader understand and visualize the type of image that is being referenced. It can be [Photograph], [Painting], or another medium.
Example:
Roege, W. J. (1938). St. Patrick's Cathedral, Fifth Avenue from 50th St to 51st Street [Photograph]. New York Historical Society.
Citing an image retrieved online:
Similar to citing an image in print, when citing an image found online, place the medium, or format, in the brackets. Capitalize the first letter.
Photographer, F. (Year of Publication). Title of photograph [Photograph]. Publisher. URL
Example:
Ferraro, A. (2014). Liberty enlightening the world [Digital image]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/afer92/14278571753/in/set-72157644617030616
Citations for TV/Radio Broadcasts
Writer's Last name, F. M. (Writer), & Director's Last name, F. M. (Director). (Year of Airing). Episode title [TV series episode]. In F. M. Executive Producer's Last name (Executive Producer), TV series name. Channel.
Kand, K. (Writer), & Fryman, P. (Director). (2006). Slap bet [TV series episode]. In C. Bays (Executive Producer), How I met your mother. CBS.
TV/Radio Broadcasts found online:
Writer, F. M. (Writer), & Director, F. M. (Director). (Year of Airing). Episode title [Television series episode]. In F. M. Executive Producer's Last name (Executive Producer), TV series name. URL
Kand, K. (Writer), & Fryman, P. (Director). (2006). Slap bet [Television series episode]. In C. Bays (Executive Producer), How I met your mother. https://www.hulu.com/watch/1134858#i0,p30,d0
Note: When citing a TV show or episode, keep in mind:
IMDB is a great resource for finding the information needed for your citation (Director, Writer, Executive Producer, etc.) * This information can also be found in the opening and closing credits of the show.
Type what you find into the BibMe APA formatter. We'll do the work for you and structure your references properly!
Citations for Songs
To cite in APA a song from an album listened to online, use the following structure:
Songwriter's Last name, F. M. (Copyright year). Title of song [Song recorded by F. M. Last name]. On Album title. Publisher. URL
Notes:
If the song is done by a band or group, include the band or group's name instead of an individual's name.
Only include the "Recorded by F. M. Last name" portion if it's a different individual than the writer.
The format can be CD, Online song, mp3, or any other simple description to allow the reader to understand the format.
Swift, T. (2008). Love Story [Song]. On Fearless. Big Machine Records.
If you're using the BibMe APA citation generator to build your references, choose "Music/Audio" from the source options.
Citations for Interviews
A personal interview should NOT be included in a reference list. They are not considered recoverable data (they cannot be found by a researcher). You should reference personal interviews as citations in the body of the project instead.
Example:
(J. Doe, personal communication, December 12, 2004)
Citations for Encyclopedia and Dictionary Entries
Encyclopedia/Dictionary in print:
Author's Last name, F. M. (Publication Year). Entry title. In F. M. Last name of Editor (Ed.), Title of encyclopedia or dictionary (pp. xx-xx). Publisher.
Example:
Kammen, C., & Wilson, A. H. (2012). Monuments. Encyclopedia of local history. (pp. 363-364). AltaMira Press.
Encyclopedia/Dictionary online with author(s):
Author’s Last name, F. M. (Publication Year or n.d.). Entry title. In F. M. Last name of Editor (Ed.), Title of encyclopedia or dictionary. Publisher. Retrieved date, from URL
Encyclopedia/Dictionary online with group author:
Publisher or group name (Publication Year or n.d.). Entry title. In Title of encyclopedia or dictionary. Retrieved date, from URL
Example:
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Taciturn. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved February 10, 2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/taciturn
If an entry looks like it goes through many updates, use “n.d.” as the publication date and show the date you retrieved it. If using an archived version, no retrieval date is needed.
How to Reference a Lecture
This style of reference would be used if you were citing a set of notes from a lecture (e.g., PowerPoint or Google slides provided by your instructor).
Citing online lecture notes or presentation slides:
Author's Last name, F. M. (Publication year). Name or title of lecture [Lectures notes or PowerPoint slides]. URL
Example:
Saito, T. (2012). Technology and me: A personal timeline of educational technology [PowerPoint slides]. http://www.slideshare.net/Bclari25/educational-technology-ppt
Tip: If you want to cite information from your own personal notes from a lecture, this is considered personal communication. The notes may not be available online for others outside of the class to access. Refer to it only in the body of your essay or project. You can follow the style guide for personal communication available in the Interview section.
Citing Social Media
Social media is everywhere, even in research projects. Many influencers post thoughts, inspirational quotes, and intriguing stories in their profiles.
If you need to cite a post from a social media platform, use this structure:
Last name, F. M. or Group Name who posted the content [@Username]. (Year, Month Day posted). First 20 words of the post [Format]. Social Media Site Name. URL
Last name, F. M. or Group Name who posted the content [@Username]. (Year, Month Day posted). First 20 words of the post [Format]. Social Media Site Name. URL
A retrieval date (date you saw the page) is needed for profile pages since the contents are likely to change over time (e.g., Instagram profile, Facebook page etc.). The structure for that is:
Last name, F. M. or Group Name who posted the content [@Username]. (n.d.). Tweets or Home [Format]. Social Media Site Name. Retrieved from month day, year, URL
Some things to keep in mind:
If the name of the individual or group is unknown, begin the citation with the handle and remove the brackets.
If the post only includes an image or video without any text, instead of including the first 40 words of the post provide a description of the post and place it in brackets: [video of a NASA rocket leaving the atmosphere].
The format, in brackets, can be [Tweet], [Facebook status update], [Facebook page], [Instagram photo], [Instagram video], or for a Reddit post, use [Online forum comment].
Citing a Tweet from Twitter:
Example:
BibMe [@BibMe]. (2020, January 22). How to cite primary sources ow.ly/fUb950vG3N5 [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/bibme/status/1219976780746043392
Citing a Twitter profile:
BibMe [@BibMe] (n.d.). Tweets [Twitter profile]. Twitter. Retrieved February 18, 2020, from https://twitter.com/BibMe
Citing a Facebook post:
Example:
DeGeneres, E. (2018, December 21). Holiday party goals [Facebook status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/ellentv/photos/a.182755292239/10157188088077240/?type=3&theater
Citing a Facebook page:
Example:
Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute. (n.d.) Home [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved July 22, 2019, from https://www.facebook.com/nationalzoo
Citing an Instagram post:
Example:
Lipa, D. [@dualipa]. (2018, December 2). A lil Hollywood glam brunch! Thank you @variety for by Breakthrough Artist of the Year award and thank you for [Instagram photo]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/Bq33SC2BAsr/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link
Tables
Since this citation style is commonly used in science-related disciplines, it makes sense that many students and scholars include tables in their projects.
It's a good idea to include a table in your project when:
There is a good amount of quantitative information
A table would promote understanding
Do not write out the information from the table in the text of your paper. Including the same information in two spots is repetitive. Either type out the quantitative information in your paper or use a table.
If you choose to include a table, make sure to:
Refer to it in the text and provide a brief overview or snapshot of its contents.
Refer to the table in the text using numbers. For example, "Table 3 shows the countries with the highest amount of spending per pupil."
Every table should be numbered. The table mentioned closest to the beginning of the paper should be Table 1. The next table referred to in the paper is Table 2.
If you're submitting your project for publication in a journal or elsewhere, place all of your tables, in number order, at the end of your project, after the reference list. If you're submitting your project for a class, most professors prefer tables to be situated close to mentions in text. Ask your teacher or professor which one they prefer.
Each table needs a title. The title of the table should match the content displayed in it. Create a name for your table that is easy to understand. Italicize the title and capitalize the first letter of all major key words.
Do not include any vertical lines, only horizontal. Your horizontal lines should be over and above any column headings.
Capitalize the first letter of every important word.
Your table can either be single or double spaced. Keep the spacing in tables consistent throughout your project.
If you believe your table needs further explanation, or if it needs additional information to help the reader with understanding, include a note below the table.
A general note provides an overview of any information related to the table as well as an explanation of any abbreviations or unique characters. If you reproduced any portion of the table, include that information in the general note as well. Begin your general note with "Note." in italics and ending with period.
A specific note explains information in a row, column, or individual cell. Place a tiny letter in the top right corner of the area to specify, and include information regarding it in the note below.
A probability note displays the number of possibilities in the table. Use an asterisk symbol in the table, and show the probability in the notes.
Sample Table:
Prior to adding your table into your paper, use this handy checklist to confirm you have all of the requirements:
__ Is it necessary to include the table?
__ Are only horizontal lines included?
__ Did you include a simple, straightforward title? Is it in italics?
__ Did you use either single spaces or double spaces? APA paper format requires you to keep your tables consistent across your project.
__ Are column headings included?
__ Are notes included below the table to provide understanding? Are the notes in the proper order? Start with general notes, then include specific notes, and end with probability notes.
__ Did you refer to the table in the written portion of your paper?
Still have questions? See Chapter 7 of the Publication manual.
In-Text and Parenthetical Citations
What is an In-Text Citation or Parenthetical Citation?
The purpose of in-text and parenthetical citations is to give the reader a brief idea as to where you found your information, while they're in the middle of reading or viewing your project. You may include direct quotes in the body of your project, which are word-for-word quotes from another source. Or, you may include a piece of information that you paraphrased in your own words. These are called parenthetical citations. Both direct quotes and paraphrased information include a citation next to it. You also need to include the full citation for the source in the reference list, which is usually the last item in a project.
In-Text Citations for Direct Quotes
In-text and parenthetical citations are found immediately following any direct quotes or paraphrases. They should include the page number or section information to help the reader locate the quote themselves.
Example:
Buck needed to adjust rather quickly upon his arrival in Canada. He stated, "no lazy, sun-kissed life was this, with nothing to do but loaf and be bored. Here was neither peace, nor rest, nor a moment's safety" (London, 1903, p. 25).
Paraphrased Information
When taking an idea from another source and placing it in your own words (a paraphrase), it is not necessary to include the page number, but you can add it if the source is large and you want to direct readers right to the information.
Example:
At the time, papyrus was used to create paper, but it was only grown and available in mass quantities in Egypt. This posed a problem for the Greeks and Romans, but they managed to have it exported to their civilizations. Papyrus thus remained the material of choice for paper creation (Casson, 2001).
How to Format In-Text and Parenthetical Citations
An in-text citation in APA displays the author's name directly in the sentence, or text, of the paper. Always place the year directly after the author's name. Authors and dates stick together like peanut butter and jelly! If you're citing a direct quote, place the page number at the end of the quote.
Parenthetical citations display the author's name and year in parentheses after a quote or paraphrase. If you're citing a direct quote, include the page number as well. If you're paraphrasing, it is up to you whether or not you'd like to include a page number.
Example of various ways to cite in the body of a project:
Smith (2014) states that, "the Museum Effect is concerned with how individuals look at a work of art, but only in the context of looking at that work along with a number of other works" (p. 82).
"The Museum Effect is concerned with how individuals look at a work of art, but only in the context of looking at that work along with a number of other works" (Smith, 2014, p. 82).
If your source has two authors, always include both names in each in-text or parenthetical citation.
Example: (Franks & Beans, 2019)
If your source has three or more authors, only include the first author's name and follow it with et al.
Example: (Gilley et al., 2015)
If your source was written by a company, organization, government agency, or other type of group, include the group's name in full in the first in text or parenthetical citation. In any APA citations following it, it is acceptable to shorten the group name to something that is simple and understandable.
Example:
1st citation:
(American Eagle Outfitters /[AEO/], 2017)
2nd and subsequent citations:
(AEO, 2017)
Still wondering how to in-text cite in APA? How about citing parenthetically? Check out this page to learn more about parenthetical citations. Also, BibMe writing tools can help create your in-text and parenthetical citations quickly and easily. Towards the end of creating a full reference citation, you'll see the option to create a citation for the body of your project (in-text) in the APA format generator.
Need help with your writing? Give the BibMe Plus paper checker a whirl! Upload your paper or copy and paste it into the text box on the page. We'll run it through our innovative technology and let you know if there is an adjective, verb, or pronoun out of place, plus much, much more!
Your Reference List
The listing of all sources used in your project are found in the reference list, which is the last page or part of a project. Included in this reference list are all of the sources you quoted or paraphrased in the body of your paper. This means that every reference found in the reference list should have a matching in-text or parenthetical citation in your project. Where there is one, there has to be the other. Here are general guidelines:
Your reference page in APA should be titled "References"
Place the title in the center of the page and bold it.
It is not necessary to include personal communications in the reference list, such as personal emails or letters. These specific sources only need in-text citations, which are found in the body of your project.
All references are listed in alphabetical order by the author's last name.
The entire page should be double spaced.
Use a hanging indent for all citations. The first line of each citation needs to be flush against the left margin. Any additional lines are indented in a half inch.
If you have two sources by the same author, place them in order by the year of publication.
Refer to the section titled, "How to Structure the Title," for rules regarding capitalization of source titles.
Example:
Thompson, H. S. (1971). Fear and loathing in Las Vegas: A savage journey to the heart of the American dream. Random House.
Thompson, H. S. (1998). The rum diary. Simon & Schuster.
If there are multiple sources with the same author AND same publication date, place them in alphabetical order by the title.
Example:
Dr. Seuss. (1958). The cat in the hat comes back. Random House.
Dr. Seuss. (1958). Yertle the turtle. Random House.
If a source does not have an author, place the source in alphabetical order by the first main word of the title.
Need help creating the citations in your APA reference list? BibMe.com helps you generate citations! Begin by entering a keyword, URL, title, or other identifying information. Try it out!
Sample Reference List:
Here's more information with sample papers and tutorials. Further information acan be found in Chapter 9 of the Publication manual.
How to Format Your Paper in APA:
Need to create APA format papers? Follow these guidelines:
In an APA style paper, the font used throughout your document should be in Times New Roman, 12 point font size. The entire document should be double spaced, even between titles and APA headings. Margins should be 1 inch around the entire document and indent every new paragraph using the tab button on your keyboard. See Chapter 2 of the Publication manual for more details on paper formatting.
Place the pages in the following order:
Title page (Page 1)
Abstract page (page 2)
Text or body of research paper (start on page 3)
Reference list
Page for tables (if necessary)
Page for figures (if necessary)
Appendices page (if necessary)
Page numbers: The title page counts as page 1. Number subsequent pages using Arabic numbers (1, 2, 3, 4...).
Title Page in APA
Your title page should grace the front cover of your paper. It's sometimes called an APA cover page. Included on this page are seven items:
Page number
Title of paper
Name of authors
Affiliation; name of your school or institution
Course name
Instructor's name
Date paper is due
What is a running head?
The running head shows the title of your paper. It is only required for professional papers (e.g., dissertations, journal submissions, etc.).
Student papers do not need a running head (but do need the page number).
If you use one, place the running head in the top left corner of your project and place it in capital letters. Use your word processor's "header" option. It will automatically place your running head in the appropriate position, against the left margin.
Across from the running head, against the right margin, include the page number. The APA title page is 1.
Title page example:
QUALITY LIBRARY PROGRAMS
Microsoft Word, Google Docs, and many other word processing programs allow you to set up page numbers and a repeated running head. Use these tools to make this addition easier for you!
Need help determining the title of your paper? Keep it simple and straight to the point. Exclude unnecessary terms such as "An Analysis of...." or "A Study of..." If your paper ends up being digitized and added to your school's research collection or a research database, a simple and effective title will help researchers locate it. It is recommended to keep it under 12 words and avoid abbreviations.
Order | Element | Format & Notes --- | --- | --- 0 | All elements, except page number | Centered, double-spaced lines 1 | Page number | Place “1” in the upper right corner of the page. Professional papers only: Include a running head. 2 | Title of paper | 3-4 lines from the top of the page; bolded, and title case 3 | Name of author(s) | Two double-spaced lines under the title. No font formatting (no bold italics, underline). Exclude any titles (such as Dr. or Ms.) and degrees (such as PhD). List all contributors; if there is more than one include the word “and” between the second to last and last names. 4 | Affiliation (school, department, etc.) | No font formatting. Usually includes the name of your department and university. 5 | Course name | No font formatting. Write the course name and number on your class materials: ENG 102, JPN301. 6 | Instructor | No font formatting. Show their name as they prefer, including titles and degrees. 7 | Date paper is due | Month Day, Year. Example: February 14, 2020
Example Title Page - Student Paper:
Example Title Page - Professional Paper:
If you're looking for an APA sample paper, check out the other resources found on BibMe.com.
Levels of Headings:
There are a lot of rules to follow when it comes to styling the header and title page, but there are even more rules when it comes to styling the various headings and sections in your research paper.
There are five sizes and styles, and they follow a top down approach.
In most cases, science-related papers and case studies have three sections: Method, Results, and Discussion. These three sections are considered “Level 1” and are aligned in the center of the page and in bold. Additional sections of the paper are styled as follows:
Overview of Levels
Level | Formatting --- | --- 1 | Center and bold. Use title case. 2 | Against the left margin and in bold. Use title case. Begin the next sentence on the next line, indented half an inch from the left margin. 3 | Against the left margin in bold and italics. Use title case. Begin your next sentence on the next line, and indented half an inch from the left margin. 4 | Indented half an inch from the left. Is in bold. Use title case. Begin your next sentence on the same line and immediately following the heading. 5 | Indented half an inch from the left. Is in bold and italics. Use title case. Begin your next sentence on the same line and immediately following the heading.
We’ve included a visual below to help you make sense of the five headings. Keep in mind, you do not need to have all five headings in your paper. You may only use the top two or three. It depends on the types of sections your paper includes.
Using the BibMe Online Writing Center to Create Citations for your Reference List or Bibliography
Looking to cite your sources quickly and easily? BibMe can help you generate your citations; simply enter a title, ISBN, URL, or other identifying information.
Click to see more styles, and if you'd like to cite your sources in MLA format, check out the BibMe MLA page. Other citation styles are available as well.
Not only will BibMe help you create your references quickly and painlessly, we'll also scan your paper with an innovative plagiarism checker. BibMe writing tools even helps to check your grammar, too! Improper usage of adverb? Missing an interjection? Determiner out of place? BibMe writing tools will highlight any areas of concern and offer suggestions to improve your writing. Try it out now!
Background Information and History of APA:
The American Psychological Association was founded in 1892 at Clark University in Worcester, Massachusetts. APA style format was developed in 1929 by scholars from a number of different scientific fields and backgrounds. Their overall goal was to develop a standard way to document scientific writing and research.
Since its inception, the Style Manual has been updated numerous times and it is now in its 7th edition (2020). The previous 6th edition was released in 2009. In 2012, APA published an addition to their 6th edition manual, which was a guide for creating an APA style citation for any type of electronic resource.
Today, there are close to 118,000 members. There is an annual convention, numerous databases, and journal publications. Some of their more popular resources include the database, PsycINFO, and the publications, Journal of Applied Psychology and Health Psychology.
Changes Between the 6th and 7th Editions
Below is a selection of notable citing differences between the two editions.
For journal articles with a DOI number, include the DOI as a URL.
6th edition example:
Lee, C.-H., & Mackinnon, R. (2019). Voltage sensor movements during Hyperpolarization in the HCN Channel. Cell Studies. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.006
7th edition example:
Lee, C.-H., & Mackinnon, R. (2019). Voltage sensor movements during Hyperpolarization in the HCN Channel. Cell Studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.006
For ebooks, you no longer need to identify the format.
6th edition example:
Murakami, H. (2014). Kafka on the shore [Kindle].
7th edition example:
Murakami, H. (2014). Kafka on the shore.
Full book references no longer need to show where the publisher is located.
6th edition example:
Murakami, H. (2014). Kafka on the shore. London: Vintage Publishing.
7th edition example:
Murakami, H. (2014). Kafka on the shore. Vintage Publishing.
In-text citations for sources with more than 3 authors can use the notation “et al.” for brevity.
Structure:
(first author’s name et al., year published)
6th edition example:
(Anaydike, Braga, Talfah, Gonzalez, 1980)
7th edition example:
(Anaydike et al., 1980)
When including a website URL, do not include the words “Retrieved from” before the URL cited.
6th edition example:
Elan, P. (2019, December 6). 'A reflection of inner life': show explores history of the hoodie. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2019/dec/06/a-reflection-of-inner-life-show-explores-history-of-the-hoodie
7th edition example:
Elan, P. (2019, December 6). 'A reflection of inner life': show explores history of the hoodie. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2019/dec/06/a-reflection-of-inner-life-show-explores-history-of-the-hoodie
The citing format for tables and figures are now the same. For both, indicate a table number and name at the top, and a note at the bottom.
Here are a few important paper formatting changes: * Running head is only required for professional (not student) papers * Only a single space should be placed after punctuation. * The new style version endorses the use of the singular “they” as an option for a gender neutral pronoun. * The 7th edition promotes the use of “they” as a singular, gender-neutral pronoun. * In addition to the paper title, author name, and institutional affiliation, a cover page for a student paper should also have the course, instructor name, and due date
References
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/101037/0000165-000
Updated March 10, 2020
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 67
|
https://www.oberlin.edu/news/science-behind-movie-interstellar
|
en
|
The Science Behind the Movie “Interstellar”
|
[
"https://www.oberlin.edu/sites/all/themes/oberlin2020/assets/img/oberlin-logo.svg",
"https://www.oberlin.edu/sites/default/files/styles/width_760/public/content/news/image/wormhole.1_0.png?itok=weLcUO1r",
"https://www.oberlin.edu/sites/default/files/styles/fp_w360_h270/public/content/news/image/screenshot_2024-07-29_at_5.11.47_pm.png?itok=5tQ4vMPy",
"https://www.oberlin.edu/sites/default/files/styles/fp_w360_h270/public/content/news/image/havey_headshot_final.jpg?itok=qHMTmcBm",
"https://www.oberlin.edu/sites/default/files/styles/fp_w360_h270/public/content/news/image/campus_beauty_cox_by_mike_crupi.jpg?itok=BINLpyjx",
"https://www.oberlin.edu/sites/all/themes/oberlin2020/assets/img/oberlin-logo.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2016-11-07T13:03:18-05:00
|
If you’ve seen the film Interstellar, you may now find yourself with many new questions about the laws of the universe. Assistant Professor of Physics Rob Owen answered several of our questions about the accuracy of science in the film and entertained some of the more mind-bending physics questions we had after seeing the movie.
|
en
|
/sites/all/themes/oberlin2020/apple-touch-icon.png
|
Oberlin College and Conservatory
|
https://www.oberlin.edu/news/science-behind-movie-interstellar
|
If you've seen the film Interstellar, you may now find yourself with many new questions about the laws of the universe. Kip Thorne served as executive producer and lead science consultant for the film; Oberlin Assistant Professor of Physics Rob Owen was a student in Dr. Thorne's research group when the movie project was in the first stages of development seven years ago, and the science in the film aligns closely with his current area of research.
Professor Owen answered several of our questions about the accuracy of science in the film and entertained some of the more mind-bending physics questions we had after seeing the movie.
I understand you were a student in Kip Thorne's research group when the project was first developing. What was that like?
It was very exciting, but not all that far from the ordinary. Kip’s notoriety with the general public has grown substantially with this movie, but he's long been a celebrity in theoretical physics circles. On the hallway near Kip’s office, at least when I was at Caltech, were a series of framed documents representing famous wagers that Kip and others in his group have made about difficult problems in physics. The most famous of these are wagers with Stephen Hawking about the existence of black holes, about the “cosmic censorship conjecture,” and about the “black hole information loss” problem. Recent students in Kip's group (myself included) would have grown up reading about these famous wagers. And there they are, just sitting on the wall. It imbues all of our research with a feeling that, yes, we're dealing with very deep questions, questions that have attracted the attention of very smart people for many, many years.
When the movie development began, the level of excitement got even higher. When Kip would mention that he had to run to a meeting with Stephen, suddenly it wasn't clear whether he was talking about Stephen Hawking or Steven Spielberg (Spielberg was planning at the time to direct Interstellar, before contractual conflicts got in the way). More important than the name-dropping was the fact that our field of research was about to be represented, faithfully and centrally, in something designed for broad public consumption. Physicists of the future, I hope, are currently being inspired by this film in the same way that I was inspired by A Brief History of Time, or in the same way that a large number of astronomers and physicists have been inspired by Carl Sagan’s books and the movie Contact.
This film aligns closely with your area of research and you mentioned that you've been waiting eagerly for seven years to see it. Did it meet your expectations?
It absolutely did. The central vision, as Kip described it from the very beginning, was to produce a movie where issues in general relativity (the science of spacetime, black holes, and wormholes) were central to a compelling story, and were communicated accurately. I think they met that goal spectacularly well. Somebody actually sat down and calculated how massive the black hole would need to be, and how rapidly it would have to spin, for the time dilation effects in the movie to come out right. The special effects team actually rewrote the software underlying the computer graphics to trace the paths of light rays in curved spacetime, to give accurate visual images of what the black hole and the wormhole would actually look like to the eye.
Would you describe the science in the film as fairly accurate, overall?
Overall, I would say it’s quite accurate, at least with regard to the issues that I have the expertise to judge. It should be noted that the story moves in on realms of theoretical physics where our current knowledge is incomplete. The physics of wormholes is at this point incomplete—most physicists would agree that they likely don’t exist as natural phenomena, but the question of whether they could be “built” by a civilization with extremely advanced technology, remains open. Similarly, the events at the end of the movie—involving existence in a five-dimensional “bulk” universe, and the idea that what looks like time in four dimensions might be traversable like space in five dimensions—these ideas are quite speculative, but they are rooted in serious attempts at understanding quantum gravity.
How did you feel about the portrayals of things that in real life are purely theoretical at this juncture?
It’s a dangerous business, but I think there’s a lot of value in it. For all we know, someone might come along in just a few days and prove mathematically that the basic laws of physics completely forbid the creation of a wormhole, for example.
But it’s important in science to remember that there are always phenomena that lie outside the realm of our current understanding. Some phenomena, such as wormholes and extra dimensions, are not fully understood yet but our incomplete knowledge is enough for us to carry out a kind of informed speculation about what kinds of effects are possible. At some level, that is the very definition of science: we build a hypothesis about new phenomena by extrapolating our knowledge of past phenomena. We can’t say whether such a hypothesis is true until we’re able to test it, but working through the implications of our hypotheses can provide us with a means of establishing those tests. As one of many apocryphal Einstein quotes reminds us: imagination is an important element of good science.
Were there any parts that you found to be simply ridiculous or absurd?
There isn’t much that comes to mind. There was a shot in the movie where the ship is descending on a planet and it bounces off of a solid, frozen cloud. Kip Thorne has admitted in interviews that he's not convinced that there are any real materials that could freeze like that.
Also, as someone who lectures to introductory physics students about rocketry, escape velocity, and related phenomena, I get a little queasy seeing a little star-trek-style shuttlecraft simply taking off from a planet like an airplane and reaching into the interplanetary space above. With current technology, it would take a very substantial rocket to blast off of a planet like the ones in the movie. But I must admit, I haven't thought it all through deeply enough to be sure whether the depiction in the movie is completely impossible.
I’ve been struggling with a logic question: how could the wormhole near Saturn have been placed there by future humans when they would have needed it in order to survive long enough to put it there in the first place? Does the addition of the fifth dimension mean that time is no longer linear?
The short answer is “yes.” The longer answer: This is actually a really interesting question, and I think it gets at some very deep issues in relativity theory. In our ordinary experience, we think that all events have some set of events that precede them (“causes”), and some other set of events that follow them (“effects”). In our ordinary experience, the causes are completely distinct from the effects, the past is completely distinct from the future.
In general relativity, causality is not so simple. A wormhole, for example, is a phenomenon where space bends back on itself. But Einstein’s relativity theories tell us that time and space are not distinct entities; that our three dimensions of space and one dimension of time are just particular cuts through a four-dimensional continuum that we call “spacetime.”
The idea of space looping around on itself hopefully isn't too surprising if we think about it a bit. For example, if I walked due East, and never stopped (and helpful people provided me with boats whenever I needed them), then I would eventually come back to where I started, moving in from the west. I would have simply walked around the Earth (not an easy task, by any means, but certainly consistent with the laws of physics).
What Einstein’s general relativity shows us is that it’s possible for spacetime to fold up on itself in such a way that one can march toward the future, but then eventually end up somewhere in what we would have originally called “the past.”
This possibility leads to a slew of time-travel paradoxes, and to interesting questions about how the fundamental laws of physics might intervene to enforce a self-consistent history of events. How that might happen is not fully understood at this point.
But the important thing is that in general relativity “causes” don't necessarily have to precede “effects” in the sense of our ordinary experience. All that is required, as far as we know, is for history to be self-consistent. According to the story in Interstellar, humans survived long enough to develop the technology to build the wormhole because the wormhole was there to save them, and the wormhole was there to save them because they survived long enough to build it. Either event can be considered the “cause” of the other, and there isn’t a contradiction.
The idea seems purposely designed to throw our usual sense of causality off kilter. And when paradoxes like this one appear in other time-travel stories the reason is usually either lazy writing or some kind of empty mysticism. In this case, however, I would bet that the apparent paradox was quite intentional, because one of the physicists who has been preeminent in the exploration of these issues of causality is Kip Thorne.
Can you tell us a bit more about the fifth dimension, and how humans might make the leap from existing beyond four dimensions as they do in the film?
There is a long history (going back at least to the 1920s) of trying to explain deep questions in physics by positing that the universe might "fundamentally" have more (or perhaps fewer!) dimensions than we see in everyday experience. Our ordinary experience might make the world appear four-dimensional because the extra dimensions are curled up so tightly that we can't see them. For example if you see a piece of string from across the room it might look like a one-dimensional object (length but no width or depth). Getting up closer, though, you can see an intricate three-dimensional structure. This is the way the extra dimensions were presumed to work, for example, in the early days of string theory.
Another idea for why the universe might appear four dimensional is because most of the matter in the universe (electrons, quarks, photons, ...), might be “stuck” to a four-dimensional subspace in, say, a five-dimensional universe. The most famous models along these lines are known as “Randall-Sundrum models,” named after their discoverers Lisa Randall and Raman Sundrum. These models seem to have inspired the speculations about future physics in Interstellar, because in these models only gravitational fields are able to propagate off of the four-dimensional subspace (our universe) and into the five-dimensional “bulk” universe. This behavior of gravitational fields is mentioned at a few points in the film, and it explains why communication with the past was only possible using simple codes delivered through gravitational effects.
When McConaughey falls into the black hole, we enter a scene that is obviously pure fantasy. Any thoughts on what one might actually experience in that situation? (That is, assuming one is not immediately compressed into a singularity.)
The standard answer from general relativity is that not much changes until you start to approach the singularity. Relativity theorists have shown that no experiment can be designed that would establish whether the experimenter is inside or outside of an event horizon. We could be inside a black hole right now and not even know it!
One thing we do know about black holes is that (like all localized sources of gravitational fields), they produce a phenomenon called “tidal stretching.” This is the same phenomenon by which the moon raises tides on the Earth’s oceans. If you were to fall into a black hole feet-first, your feet would be closer to the black hole than your head, and would therefore experience stronger gravity. This effect—your feet constantly being tugged more strongly than your head—inevitably leads to a stretching phenomenon that relativists call “spaghettification.” For extremely massive black holes, like the one in the movie, this effect doesn’t become strong until one is well inside the event horizon, but assuming our current non-quantum picture of spacetime can be trusted, this stretching would become infinitely strong as one approaches the singularity. There are also effects where the direction of the stretching might jump around chaotically, causing a kind of violent mishmash as the singularity is approached. One of my former students, Ben Lemberger ’14, now a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, researched this phenomenon in an honors project at Oberlin last year.
Is there any scientific basis to McConaughey's ability to manipulate past events from within the black hole?
The idea they put forward in the movie is that information can be carried in the gravitational field (through an effect called gravitational radiation that both I and my Oberlin colleague Dan Stinebring spend a great deal of time studying), along paths that exit the four-dimensional universe, then traverse the five-dimensional bulk universe (where our “time” dimension acts as a space dimension, and is hence traversable in all directions), and then land back in the four-dimensional universe at an earlier time. This is an extremely speculative idea, but it is rooted at least qualitatively in the Randall/Sundrum models where gravity is the only field that is allowed to propagate freely into the five-dimensional bulk universe.
The film seems to care deeply about accurately portraying the relationship between gravity and time. In one section of the movie, the astronauts are on a planet impacted so significantly by gravitational force that each hour to them is the equivalent of seven years on Earth. As such, wouldn't McConaughey’s few minutes inside the black hole have translated to thousands of years on Earth? And would it really be possible for McConaughey’s character to escape the black hole at all?
In order to escape a black hole, one would need to travel faster than the speed of light. One way to do that is to find a shortcut that would allow you to cover distance faster than light even though your instantaneous speed is always slower than the speed of light. A wormhole would provide just such a shortcut. My (entirely unofficial) interpretation for the escape from the tesseract is that the very same wormhole that led to the black hole in the first place might have acted as an escape route. If the wormhole throat near the black hole eventually falls into the black hole itself, even long after McConaughey’s character fell in, then it could reach him before he’s destroyed by the singularity, and he could ride it back out into the outside world. The film even shows that his travel back to Saturn went through this very same wormhole.
Now, as for the time dilation effects: wormholes aren't just shortcuts through space. They're shortcuts through spacetime. If the two ends of a wormhole move relative to one another, they get out of sync, causing even more exotic time dilation effects. Kip Thorne pioneered the study of these effects with a series of papers in the late eighties and early nineties.
My family attended your talk a few weeks ago and mentioned that you have quite a talent for programming simulations. Do you have one or two you'd be willing to share with our readers?
In my talk, I showed a movie that I produced of what it would look like to travel through a wormhole. The video was just a simple proof of concept, meant to demonstrate some of the techniques that would have had to be used by the special effects team. It certainly won't win me any Oscars, but you're welcome to show it. (To give a sense of scale, I superimposed a couple of images on a starfield, one an image of Saturn taken by the Cassini spacecraft, the other a composite galaxy image. The travel through the wormhole looks quite a bit different in my little video than in Interstellar. My visualization used a very simple kind of wormhole, one with a very short “throat.” The wormhole shown in Interstellar has a much longer throat, so the travel through the wormhole takes more time and more interesting optical effects are visible. When I get a bit more free time (meaning, when the semester comes to a close) I hope to extend the computer code I used for my visualization to use the same kind of wormhole that was in Interstellar.
Some more impressive videos, some a bit technical, some a bit less so, can be found on a youtube channel created by my research collaboration. If anyone would like more information on the research that I and my collaborators do, we have a public website.
As a theoretical physicist, what is your take on the film's question of love as a force? Does love have a role to play in the laws of the universe, as the film implies? Or is that just Hollywood being Hollywood?
Well, it's important when communicating these subtle and sometimes arcane concepts that they be embedded in a human story. That was part of the original vision for this movie, going all the way back to 2006. A compelling human story is important for the drama, obviously, but it's also important for fully communicating the science. So often when we learn and lecture about these deep physics concepts, we treat it as a story of "person A" interacting with “person B,” as if we're just working through a series of mathematical theorems and formulas. If we give a little more context than just the one-letter signifiers, we can emphasize that this isn’t just about mathematical formulas, and it isn’t just about a set of phenomena that one hears about in a physics class and then promptly forgets. It's about our world, my home and yours. It's about how that world works, and about what we’re experiencing when we experience it. Physics is about the structure of our experiences, and when we clothe our discussion in human terms it helps us to more fully come to terms with it.
As for love being one of the fundamental forces in the universe, well yes, sometimes Hollywood just can't help itself.
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 71
|
https://mountainmystery.com/2014/11/18/the-theory-of-everything/
|
en
|
The Theory of Everything
|
[
"https://mountainmystery.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/hawking-and-earth.jpg?w=427&h=443",
"https://mountainmystery.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/ron-machu-pichu-2.jpg?w=317&h=340",
"https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/240ab959fe64dffc5e9f06f3d8fc004e6fe3ed1020e31e68d1e8fabc49033d4a?s=60&d=https%3A%2F%2F2.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D60&r=G",
"https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/5cbb23c91c3987866bd56ce2e5e9272b90d991193059b8849471f54ec3f21a7b?s=40&d=https%3A%2F%2F2.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D40&r=G",
"https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/7025b92f3ee31f924c8b5957fb14d5aa25f38f9036f400ef1b92602e0a7f0e40?s=40&d=https%3A%2F%2F1.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D40&r=G",
"https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/240ab959fe64dffc5e9f06f3d8fc004e6fe3ed1020e31e68d1e8fabc49033d4a?s=40&d=https%3A%2F%2F2.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D40&r=G",
"https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png",
"https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Ron Miksha →"
] |
2014-11-18T00:00:00
|
The marriage of Stephen Hawking and Jane Wilde - as told through the ex-wife's memoir - has become the stuff of a Hollywood tragic-romance. I have not read her memoir but have read excerpts and reviews of it. The Jane Wilde Hawking Jones book, Travelling to Infinity - My Life with Stephen, was written a…
|
en
|
https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico
|
The Mountain Mystery
|
https://mountainmystery.com/2014/11/18/the-theory-of-everything/
|
The marriage of Stephen Hawking and Jane Wilde – as told through the ex-wife’s memoir – has become the stuff of a Hollywood tragic-romance. I have not read her memoir but have read excerpts and reviews of it. The Jane Wilde Hawking Jones book, Travelling to Infinity – My Life with Stephen, was written a few years after their divorce (the Hawkings had been together for nearly 30 years). The Theory of Everything, the Hollywood adaptation, is a very loose interpretation of her story of their time together. The film makes a compelling and fascinating account, but it is an extraordinarily unfaithful rendering. The screenplay adapters knew what they were doing in their rewrite – they were presenting a story that should fill theatre seats. It is intended as entertainment, of course.
As entertainment, the movie works well. The viewer is quickly engaged in the awkward charm and cerebral wit of young Stephen Hawking (Eddie Redmayne) and the quiet poise and dignity of his wife Jane (Felicity Jones). The film begins with Hawking’s arrival at Cambridge, the first signs of his progressive motor neuron disease, his PhD defence, and his meeting of Jane. (They were introduced through Jane’s sister, but the movie has us believe that Hawking spied her at a party and pursued her through some quirky schemes.) The movie trails through Jane’s incredible efforts to build a semblance of a family life for their children while simultaneously dealing with her husband’s unimaginably challenging progressive paralysis, her own infidelity, and Hawking’s growing fame. The film shows their parting and a final reconciliation. Although they were married nearly 30 years and their children became adults, the ending scenes present the children as grammar-school kids, for obvious emotional effect.
The movie does a good job documenting the progression of Hawking’s motor neuron disease, which has been described as a variant of ALS. (It is a variant only because it has been slowly progressive – all of his symptoms fall well within this broad-spectrum disorder.) Hawking was diagnosed at age 21 and the disease has slowly paralyzed him – albeit at a rate one-tenth the “normal” progression of the illness. It took 20 years for his disability to mimic the presentation found within 2 years in a typical ALS patient. The movie does an exceptionally stirring job of showing the difficulties family, friends, and spouses endure as they try to maintain normal lives while caring for profoundly ill loved ones.
But the movie should not be taken as a serious factual representation of the life of the Hawkings. For example, as Jane is unzipping her boyfriend’s tent, Stephen is far away, having his trachea neatly incised by a surgeon. Although the juxtaposed symbolism is startling and brilliant as it equates young Jane’s affair with the slitting of her husband’s throat, things didn’t happen quite that way. For pursuers of fact, I would point you towards Stephen Hawking: A Brief History of Mine. This more accurate account shows us that Jane is not so young – it is a mature 42-year-old Jane Hawking who made the life-saving decision for her husband’s continued ventilation. The tracheotomy came months later. And, according to Jane’s memoir, she stayed faithful to Stephen – the camping scene is entirely contrived theatre.
A few more overt fabrications in the movie:
Sex. A friend asks Stephen about his sex life. Hawking’s actor smirks and responds. The scene is shear invention – Hawking, according to Jane’s memoir, never spoke openly about sex, “which for him was as taboo a subject as his illness.”
Dating. The movie shows Hawking’s friends breaking the news about the diagnosis to Jane. In the film, the Hawkings were depicted as a couple – in reality, she heard about his ALS by chance and they were not even dating yet.
Croquet. A game of croquet figures large in the movie – it symbolizes Hawking’s frustration with his illness and Jane’s loyalty. The game never happened.
Tracheotomy. In the movie, Hawking coughs and chokes at a formal concert and is whisked away in an ambulance – reality was not as dramatic. During a stop in Geneva, his friends were concerned about his persistent cough. They called a doctor. He was admitted to a hospital. The tracheotomy came after Hawking had recovered and had been on a ventilator for months.
The family friend. The movie leads the viewer to believe that Jane’s friend, Johnathan Jones, was the family’s sole helper for years. This is not true. A series of Hawking’s grad students lived with the family and helped with his care – one even travelled to California and lived with the family there for a year. The family friend did not. Further, the movie shows Hawking suffering the indignity of his wife’s boyfriend lifting Stephen from the toilet, implying this was how life worked in the Hawking household. It didn’t work that way, but it creates great theatre.
Brian. To simplify things, many of Hawking’s colleagues are merged into a single person. This was most artfully executed in “Brian,” portrayed as Hawking’s close friend and confidant, the gentleman who tries to rescue Stephen Hawking from despair. In real life, no such person existed.
The voice. In the movie, Jane remarks that Hawking’s new voice is “American” – this drew laughter from the audience, but in reality, she never said it. Instead, Jane thought the voice sounded like a cyborg from the British television series, Doctor Who.
I think that Physics actually receives a reasonable treatment from this Hollywood flick, although the New York Times reviewer calls it vastly over-simplified. Of course it is – this is a mass-consumption movie, not a Feynman lecture. At one point, Jane spews one of Hawking’s theories at a dinner table. This theatrical device describes the science in layman’s terms and helps the audience grasp an outline of the scientist’s work. But this movie is not a science movie, and its makers do not portend as much. For the real physics, Errol Morris’s documentary A Brief History of Time will not disappoint you.
In the film, I felt that Stephen Hawking’s religious beliefs are intentionally muddled. In what I assume is an attempt to appease a largely religious American audience, Hawking’s well-known and frequently stated atheism is toned down and his wife’s religiosity (which is genuine) was amplified. Hawking was shown making allowances for God in the universe and, near the movie’s end, Hawking is asked directly about the role of a deity (and his own beliefs) – the film’s answer is a very indirect and highly qualified retreat from Stephen Hawking’s often stated principles. But perhaps vague innuendo about religion is the best way to satisfy those who may attend this show. To be direct, the producers could have used this quote from Hawking: “There is no god. No one created the universe and no one directs our fate.” You can see Hawking make this statement and its context at this link. It is not presented as a muddled triviality.
Although this Mountain Mystery blog is usually about Earth Science topics, I have written at length about this new movie for two reasons. First, I saw the film last night at a first-screening event here in Calgary. My tickets were provided through the distributor, E-One Entertainment and were sent to me by the Canadian Science Writers Association, of which I am a member. So, with gratitude for the E-One advance screening tickets (the movies opens here on Friday) and with thanks to the CSWA, I felt I would blog this bit about the film. But there is a second reason for blogging about The Theory of Everything. And it is personal.
Like Stephen Hawking, I have a variant of motor neuron disease. I sensed something was amiss for most of my life. But I was nearly 40 when I finally began to tumble and fall. (The first time resulted in a broken arm; a series of lesser mishaps soon followed.) It took a year of clumsy movement, slow walking, and weakness before I approached a physician. Another year passed before a neurologist reluctantly told me that I probably had ALS. We would monitor the disease monthly and see how it progressed. All of the tests (mostly electrified wires that made me jump like a dead frog) pointed to motor neuron disease, but progression has been incredibly slow. What I have is certainly not typical ALS, nor is Hawking’s disease typical ALS. It is best described as a motor neuron disorder (of which there are many flavours). It took years, but I recently surrendered my outdoor ambulations to a wheelchair, curtailed my travels, reduced my work. Fatigue is chronic. Everything I do takes more energy and frustration than you can imagine. Both of my feet have pronounced foot-drop which requires me to lift my legs high when I try to walk, lest I trip on my toes and plant my face into our wooden floor. My left hand hangs limp and its fingers no longer coordinate their movements very well. My right arm does not rise above my head. But like Stephen Hawking in his younger days, I also have a dedicated wife who spends her free time doing things I should be able to do and who tirelessly works to make my life easier and more comfortable.
Unlike Stephen Hawking, I am not profoundly disabled. Nor am I profoundly brilliant. We are all different people, aren’t we? Most of us have some debilitation – often unseen emotional or mental challenges, sometimes unseen medical problems, sometimes severe disabilities that startle others unexpectedly. We all travel the same road, all bound to the same destination. With that in mind, the movie – The Theory of Everything – is less remarkable than it might seem. It is a movie about all of us. It is worth watching, not as a documentary about a scientist and his wife, but as a glimpse into the reality of life and the suffering that every one of us endures.
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 24
|
https://www.statista.com/statistics/188672/movie-genres-in-north-america-by-number-of-releases-since-1995/
|
en
|
U.S. & Canada: number of film releases by genre 2023
|
[
"https://cdn.statcdn.com/Study/160000/162257-standard.png",
"https://cdn.statcdn.com/Statistic/655000/655480-blank-100.png",
"https://cdn.statcdn.com/Statistic/185000/187122-blank-100.png",
"https://cdn.statcdn.com/Statistic/185000/188565-blank-100.png",
"https://cdn.statcdn.com/Statistic/550000/554148-blank-100.png",
"https://cdn.statcdn.com/static/../CMS/contactperson/ERI851_1715670933.png",
"https://cdn.statcdn.com/static/img/modalEmployeeGroup.png",
"https://cdn.statcdn.com/static/icons/blank.gif",
"https://cdn.statcdn.com/Topic/964.jpg",
"https://cdn.statcdn.com/Topic/852.jpg",
"https://cdn.statcdn.com/Topic/5417.jpg",
"https://cdn.statcdn.com/Topic/1407.jpg",
"https://cdn.statcdn.com/Topic/1854.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Laura Carollo"
] | null |
Between 1995 and early 2023, 16.35 thousand movies were released in Canada and the United States (including the unincorporated territories of Guam and Puerto Rico).
|
en
|
Statista
|
https://www.statista.com/statistics/188672/movie-genres-in-north-america-by-number-of-releases-since-1995/
|
Number of movie releases in the U.S. & Canada 1995-2023, by genre
Published by
Number of movies released in the United States and Canada between 1995 and 2023, by genre
Source
Show detailed source information?
Register for free
Already a member?
Log in
Source
Use Ask Statista Research Service
Release date
February 2023
More information
Region
Canada, Puerto Rico, United States
Survey time period
1995 to 2023
Special properties
as of March 14, 2022
Supplementary notes
The date of release is the date of access.
Citation formats
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 26
|
https://easterseals.ca/en/10-movies-and-films-about-disabilities-accessibility-and-inclusion/
|
en
|
10 Movies and Films about Disabilities, Accessibility and Inclusion
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=724269521368192&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/esc-bilingual-logo-canada.png",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/en.png",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/100-Bilingual-YearInStamp-RGB-FullColor1.png",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Popcorn1500x430.jpg",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/CripCamp-214x300.jpg",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/TheoryofEverything-202x300.jpg",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Ray-203x300.png",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/WalkRideRodeo-203x300.jpg",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Breathe.jpg",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/PeanutButterFalcon-214x300.jpg",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/IAmSam-201x300.jpg",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Still-Alice-202x300.jpg",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/FundamentalsofCaring.png",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/QuietPlace.jpg",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/TerryFoxStory-199x300.jpg",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10-Amazing-Books-for-Adults-300x300-1-180x180.png",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/10-Amazing-Books-for-Adults-300x300-1-180x180.png",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Red-Shirt-Day_300x300-300x300.png",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Reimagine-Employability_300x300-180x180.png",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/DropZone_300x300-180x180.jpg",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/PEGG-300x300-1-180x180.png",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/ProductAbilities_300x300.jpg",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/IC-Standards_Trustmark_Horizontal_Black_eng.png",
"https://easterseals.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/logo-esc.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Leah Miltchin Carson"
] |
2020-05-12T20:38:03+00:00
|
Watch and Learn. To help you celebrate and observe National Accessibility Week and Red Shirt Day, we've compiled a list of 10 insightful TED Talks by speakers on a variety of issues relating to disability, accessibility and inclusion.
|
en
|
Easter Seals Canada
|
https://easterseals.ca/en/10-movies-and-films-about-disabilities-accessibility-and-inclusion/
|
Like books, movies have the power to entertain, enlighten and inspire.
Media has long been the medium through which we learn about the world, people and circumstances outside of ourselves. Greg Thompson, writer and AODA advocate, says: “The more depiction we see on the big screen, the more accepted the concept of disability becomes.” It’s difficult to accept and understand something you’ve never seen or heard before. Additionally, people with disabilities want to see themselves represented in media, art and society as a whole–– just as everyone does.
There is also a lot of debate within the disability community and Hollywood about how to accurately depict disability in movies, particularly over who should play the roles of characters with disabilities. Should these roles be taken by non-disabled actors, such as Eddie Redmayne in “The Theory of Everything,” or by people with disabilities, such as Zack Gottsagen in “The Peanut Butter Falcon?” Or does it depend on the circumstances of the film and the character in question? And what kind of disability stories should be told? Dominick Evans, filmmaker and person with a disability, told Forbes:
“Accurately depicting disabled people is the only way that we will see improvements to the treatment of disabled people. Our lives are not all positivity and sunshine. We need to see the good and the bad because people have this unrealistic view of what being disabled is like.”
It was difficult to choose just ten movies that suits everyone’s interests, but we felt the movies on this list are a good jumping-off point. While not without their shortcomings, these movies were selected in an effort to reflect a variety of disabilities, experiences and current attitudes. Other notable films that didn’t quite meet these criteria include Soul Surfer, 50 First Dates, Forrest Gump and Rain Man.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 51
|
https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-fountain-2007
|
en
|
Youth is wasted on the immortal movie review (2007)
|
[
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/roger-ebert-logo.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/search-thin.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Youth-is-wasted-on-the-immortal.jpg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Roger-Ebert-1.jpg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Youth-is-wasted-on-the-immortal.jpg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Decoded-256x358.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Incoming-2-256x379.avif",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Close-Your-Eyes-256x366.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/The-Supremes-at-Earls-All-You-Can-Eat-jpg.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Hell-Hole-256x320.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/The-Becomers-256x378.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Strange-Darling-256x384.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/The-Killer-1-256x379.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Between-the-Temples-256x380.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/large_crow-256x379.avif",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Blink-Twice-256x384.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Caligula-The-Ultimate-Cut-2-256x389.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Venice-2024-568x291.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/locarno-568x265.avif",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/mother-still-568x304.avif",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/SWO_Screenshots_BecomeaGalacticScoundrel_Wide_120623_815PMCEST-568x320.png",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/thumb-up-subscribe.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/facebook.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/youtube.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/x-icon.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/roger-pic.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
As a believer that Darren Aronofsky is one of the rare originals among the recent class of new directors, I was eager to double back and view his “The
|
en
|
Roger Ebert
|
https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-fountain-2007
|
As a believer that Darren Aronofsky is one of the rare originals among the recent class of new directors, I was eager to double back and view his “The Fountain” (2006), a movie about immortality that was released just about the time my own was being called into question.
Although as a doctoral candidate in English I was advised to be familiar with the existing criticism on a work before venturing to write my own, as a film critic I am usually writing before other reviews have even been published. But a year had passed. So after looking at the film, I checked out IMDb’s “external reviews” section and discovered that, good lord, 221 reviews had been written on “The Fountain.” On other sites I discovered that its Metacritic rating was 51 (out of 100) and it scored exactly the same on the Tomatometer. Urgent to Aronofsky: Remember that when Terry Zwigoff was sleeping with that gun under his pillow, he still had “Crumb,” “Ghost World” and “Bad Santa” ahead of him.
How bad could “The Fountain” be? I selected one review, Variety’s, because it was written from the premiere at Venice and was the first word on the film. I found that the “one-time wunderkind,” who had been “overpraised for the then-hip, now-dated use of pseudo-science in “Pi,” and for the visual excess he deployed in the grungy “Requiem for a Dream”,” had now committed a film in which Hugh Jackman stars in “three stories in different time frames and switches throughout somewhat abruptly between them, although auds can parse which is going on when by paying attention to how much hair Jackman is sporting at any given time.”
I was relieved to find that pseudo-science and visual excess are now behind us in the cinema. But let’s talk about hair. In the first story, Jackman portrays a conquistador, in the second he is a modern scientist, and in the third he is bald and floating through space inside a magical bubble. Auds who cannot parse that must be plumb parsed out. And why trash Aronofsky’s first two films, just when I was trying to decide which I would write about as a Great Movie? He made “Pi” at 29 (best director, Sundance), “Requiem” at 31 (Oscar nom for Ellen Burstyn), and now, at 37, he was already a “onetime wunderkind.” Scott Fitzgerald said American lives don’t have second acts; he never said they don’t have first ones.
Is the film a success? Not for most people, no. I imagine they don’t realize, for one thing, that it all takes place in the present and there is only one “real” Hugh Jackman character, Tommy. The conquistador named Tomas is the hero of the novel his wife Izzi (Rachel Weisz) is writing, and the spaceman named Tom Creo is the hero of that novel’s final chapter, which Tommy writes after his deathbed promise to his wife. Creo is Spanish for “I believe,” Spanish is a language the conquistador would speak, and Tommy believes that a cure will be found for death. The tree sharing the space bubble with Tom is the Tree of Life that Tomas was seeking in the early chapters, and the movie explains that the bubble is en route to that nebula he and Izzy see in the sky, which (she would know and explain) was believed by the Mayans to be the origin of life.
I could go on like this, but having searched the 18,326 messages in my g-mail account, I find that one reader, Matt Withers of Brunswick, MD has it all figured out in elegant detail. His explanation will be found elsewhere on this site.
Can a typical aud member be expected to do the heavy parsing that would figure all this out? I doubt it. Most movies, you like to have them all parsed before you buy the ticket. Did I have it figured out? It didn’t take me long, and here was my thinking: Since there is not a single element in the film claiming that the same man is alive in all three time periods, he obviously is not. There is a critical belief that you should not bring story elements to fiction that cannot be found there. The fictional identity of the first man is explained by Izzy’s novel, in which she would obviously visualize her own lover as the hero. The fictional nature of the third man is explained because, hey, people don’t go floating through the cosmos inside a bubble while levitating and eating bark, even in “the future.” There are more things in heaven and earth than are dreamed of in our philosophy, but not that. Stephen Hawking will back me up. The film’s central section is unalloyed realism, and generates the fantasy of the first and third. Since Izzy dies in it, magic isn’t allowed. Fiction sets its rules.
That said, I will concede the film is not a great success. Too many screens of blinding lights. Too many transitions for their own sake. Abrupt changes of tone. And yet I believe we have not seen the real film. When a $75 million production goes into turnaround and is made for $35 million, elements get eliminated. When a film telling three stories and spanning thousands of years has a running time of 96 minutes, scenes must have been cut out. There will someday be a Director’s Cut of this movie, and that’s the cut I want to see.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 53
|
https://www.emmys.com/awards/nominees-winners
|
en
|
Nominees / Winners
|
[
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/magazine_megamenu/public/covers/cover-09-2024-600x785.jpg?itok=mdDwYKlF",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/home_news_features/public/photos-gallery/town-hall-cris-abrego-900x600.jpg?itok=Gko_NODo",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/home_news_features/public/photos-gallery/DM4_6899_f.jpg?itok=C_odNbn-",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/home_news_features/public/photos-gallery/2024-tv-academy-honors-intro.jpg?itok=bSJRNDdG",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/home_news_features/public/photos-article/kathryn-hahn-2024-2-900x600.jpg?itok=Ctgk9x-3",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/home_news_features/public/video-stills/Member-Town-Hall_990x600.jpg?itok=0xSY6S09",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/home_news_features/public/marquees/peer-group-2022-redblue-900x600.jpg?itok=PSTaclA0",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/home_news_features/public/marquees/peer-group-2022-redblue-900x600.jpg?itok=PSTaclA0",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/home_news_features/public/marquees/76th-nom-celeb-ny-900x600.jpg?itok=IM3r2BSV",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/home_news_features/public/photos-article/2024-exec-committee-1170x780-v2.jpg?itok=J1iTXqhU",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/home_news_features/public/photos-article/sam-rubin-la-area-emmys-900x600.jpg?itok=peZUZ24_",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/home_news_features/public/photos-article/76th-la-emmys-kcet-group-900x600.jpg?itok=w5WqxNHO",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/home_news_features/public/photos-gallery/76th-emmys-horiz-abc-900x600.jpg?itok=vXM-St3-",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/home_news_features/public/photos-gallery/power-of-tv-full-panel-1170x780.jpg?itok=y43gbi5o",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/all/themes/emmys/images/loading-animation.gif",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/show_results_listing/public/shows/logo-abbott-elementary-2024-2-600x600.jpg?itok=6hrC8URB",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/show_results_listing/public/shows/logo-curb-your-enthusiasm-2024-600x600.jpg?itok=EWOYluqh",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/show_results_listing/public/shows/logo-hacks-2024-600x600.jpg?itok=S3IhMKfP",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/show_results_listing/public/shows/logo-omitb-2024-600x600.jpg?itok=KUqWYZu8",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/show_results_listing/public/shows/logo-palm-royale-2024-600x600.jpg?itok=UYsuTUcH",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/show_results_listing/public/shows/logo-reservation-dogs-2024-600x600.jpg?itok=qo6qV8qV",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/show_results_listing/public/shows/logo-the-bear-2024-600x600.jpg?itok=9SdKgr6y",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/show_results_listing/public/shows/logo-what-we-do-in-the-shadows-2024-600x600.jpg?itok=7WECjaPm",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/show_results_listing/public/shows/logo-abbott-elementary-2024-2-600x600.jpg?itok=6hrC8URB",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/show_results_listing/public/shows/logo-curb-your-enthusiasm-2024-600x600.jpg?itok=EWOYluqh",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/show_results_listing/public/shows/logo-hacks-2024-600x600.jpg?itok=S3IhMKfP",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/show_results_listing/public/shows/logo-omitb-2024-600x600.jpg?itok=KUqWYZu8",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/show_results_listing/public/shows/logo-palm-royale-2024-600x600.jpg?itok=UYsuTUcH",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/show_results_listing/public/shows/logo-reservation-dogs-2024-600x600.jpg?itok=qo6qV8qV",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/show_results_listing/public/shows/logo-the-bear-2024-600x600.jpg?itok=9SdKgr6y",
"https://www.emmys.com/sites/default/files/styles/show_results_listing/public/shows/logo-what-we-do-in-the-shadows-2024-600x600.jpg?itok=7WECjaPm"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Nominees / Winners - The Television Academy Emmy Awards Nominee and Winners. See all the nominees and winners!
|
en
|
https://www.emmys.com/sites/all/themes/emmys/favicon-1.ico
|
Television Academy
|
https://www.emmys.com/awards/nominees-winners
|
Website content © Television Academy.
EMMY, EMMYS, and the Emmy Statuette are registered trademarks and/or copyrights Of ATAS and NATAS.
TELEVISION ACADEMY and ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS & SCIENCES are registered trademarks of ATAS.
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 5
|
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2980516/reviews
|
en
|
Die Entdeckung der Unendlichkeit (2014)
|
[
"https://fls-na.amazon.com/1/batch/1/OP/A1EVAM02EL8SFB:133-3923345-2351701:KHQT5TP8CTF0VHR628MW$uedata=s:%2Frd%2Fuedata%3Fstaticb%26id%3DKHQT5TP8CTF0VHR628MW:0",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BMTAwMTU4MDA3NDNeQTJeQWpwZ15BbWU4MDk4NTMxNTIx._V1_UX67_CR0,0,67,98_AL_.jpg",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/S/sash/8ZhQrGnWn9cWUVQ.png",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/S/sash/8ZhQrGnWn9cWUVQ.png",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/S/sash/mwwP38NFnDXdP7H.png",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/S/sash/8ZhQrGnWn9cWUVQ.png",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/S/sash/8ZhQrGnWn9cWUVQ.png",
"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/IMDb/Mobile/DesktopQRCode-png.png",
"https://fls-na.amazon.com/1/batch/1/OP/A1EVAM02EL8SFB:133-3923345-2351701:KHQT5TP8CTF0VHR628MW$uedata=s:%2Frd%2Fuedata%3Fnoscript%26id%3DKHQT5TP8CTF0VHR628MW:0"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Reviews",
"Showtimes",
"DVDs",
"Photos",
"User Ratings",
"Synopsis",
"Trailers",
"Credits"
] | null |
[] | null |
Die Entdeckung der Unendlichkeit (2014) on IMDb: Movies, TV, Celebs, and more...
|
IMDb
|
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2980516/reviews
| |||||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 12
|
https://professional.dolby.com/cinema/theatrical-releases/
|
en
|
Movies with Dolby Atmos & Dolby Vision
|
[
"https://professional.dolby.com/globalassets/logo/dolby_logo_white.svg",
"https://professional.dolby.com/globalassets/footer-icons/facebook.svg",
"https://professional.dolby.com/globalassets/footer-icons/twitter.svg",
"https://professional.dolby.com/globalassets/footer-icons/linkedin.svg",
"https://professional.dolby.com/globalassets/footer-icons/youtube.svg",
"https://professional.dolby.com/globalassets/footer-icons/instagram.svg",
"https://professional.dolby.com/globalassets/footer-icons/vimeo.svg",
"https://professional.dolby.com/cinema/theatrical-releases/item.imageUrl",
"https://professional.dolby.com/cinema/theatrical-releases/item.imageUrl"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"#movieswithdolbyatmos #movieswithdolbyvision #dolbyatmosfilms #dolbycinemareleases"
] | null |
[] | null |
Looking for Dolby Atmos and Dolby Vision Movies? See a full list of current and future theatrical film releases presented in Dolby Atmos and Dolby Vision.
|
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
|
https://professional.dolby.com/cinema/theatrical-releases/
|
Dolby and the double-D symbol are registered trademarks of Dolby Laboratories. All other trademarks remain the property of their respective owners. © 2024 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 47
|
https://www.themermaidinthegherkinjar.com/disabled-actors-in-film/893
|
en
|
Able-bodied actors in disabled roles: modern-day ‘blacking up’… or is it?
|
[
"http://schmoesknow.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/645288720d1f30c188884ab725b345b0.jpg",
"https://www.themermaidinthegherkinjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/gherkin-1-200x300.jpg",
"http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01299/Al-Jolson_1299042c.jpg",
"http://www.theblaze.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/gandhi-kingslyasgandhi.jpg",
"http://lacanvas.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/RJ-MITTE-e1352245234168.jpeg",
"https://www.themermaidinthegherkinjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Mermaid-in-the-Gherkin-Jar-Cover.jpg",
"https://www.themermaidinthegherkinjar.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/portraitbw-247x300.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2015-01-18T22:13:27+00:00
|
Read about Able-bodied actors in disabled roles: modern-day ‘blacking up’… or is it? on the blog of children's author Tony Seymour.
|
en
|
https://www.themermaidinthegherkinjar.com/disabled-actors-in-film/893
|
Eddie Redmayne recently received a Golden Globe and a good deal of well-deserved praise for his role as the young Stephen Hawking in James Marsh’s ‘The Theory of Everything’. The film charts the young physicist, who developed motor neurone disease (MND), whilst courting his first wife. It has already attracted critical acclaim around the world, notching up no less than ten BAFTA nominations and five Academy Awards nominations. However, it has not escaped criticism. Some have cited the film as yet another example where disabled actors have been overlooked in favour of their able-bodied counterparts. Is this true? Is playing a disabled character the equivalent of ‘blacking up’? Or a guaranteed way to secure a stash of accolades? Should disabled roles simply be the preserve of disabled actors?
Frances Ryan’s recent article in ‘The Guardian’ suggested that Eddie Redmayne’s Golden Globe winning performance of the disabled Professor Stephen Hawking was the equivalent to ‘blacking up’.
I took this and the other points made in the column very seriously. After all, as a disabled person myself and writer of ‘The Mermaid in The Gherkin Jar’, I wrestled with similar issues when working with Northern Rose in bringing the story to the stage. Christopher, the disabled little boy in the book, is currently played by an able-bodied actor and I still wonder what a disabled person might think of this, were he or she to see the full studio production at The Lowry Theatre in September 2015.
The reality of casting the stage production of ‘The Mermaid in the Gherkin Jar’ is perhaps similar to Eddie Redmayne’s role in ‘The Theory of Everything’. In the film, Redmayne must play both the able-bodied Stephen Hawking before his MND diagnosis as well as the increasingly crippled scientist, once the disease starts to take hold. Similarly, the actor playing Christopher in ‘The Mermaid in The Gherkin Jar’ must play able-bodied as well as disabled roles. Therefore the part of Christopher must be adopted by someone capable of slipping between disabled and non disabled personas.
I thought reading Ryan’s article might cause me to doubt this. On the contrary, it only served to assure me that disabled people are not the only ones capable of playing physically challenged parts.
A number of key points can be distilled from her column, which I will attempt to look at in turn:
1) An able-bodied actor taking on the persona of a disabled person is the equivalent of a white person wearing make-up to play a black person;
2) Playing a disabled character is a good way of securing an Oscar or some other such award;
3) Able bodied people feel more comfortable seeing disabled roles portrayed by able-bodied actors;
4) Giving disabled roles to able-bodied actors is robbing disabled actors of a role which is rightfully theirs, denying them the right of self representation and further perpetuating the exclusion of disabled actors from the stage; and
5) It is wrong for someone from a minority group being depicted by someone from a majority group for mass entertainment.
1) Is ‘cripping up’ the modern day equivalent of ‘blacking up’?
The first observation to make here is that Frances Ryan only seems concerned with physically disabled people. No mention is made of roles involving those with severe mental or behavioural problems. So, whilst it is acceptable for a mentally balanced person to play a manic depressive or paranoid schizophrenic, it is wrong to allow an able-bodied actor to portray a disabled character. Why? I’m not exactly sure. It seems to be an issue of perception and visual impact.
Writing as a disabled person with mild cerebral palsy, I have read the multitude of comments which followed Frances Ryan’s article on ‘The Guardian’ website. I have also researched a host of other opinions held by writers and social commentators on the issue. As such, I am only too aware of how serious and sensitive this matter is and how some disabled people may feel offended by comments which they perceive as going to the core of who they are.
However, having thought hard on this point for a couple of days, I have come to the firm conclusion that I absolutely cannot agree that the act of so-called ‘cripping up’ is the equivalent of ‘blacking up’ for stage and screen (at least not in the way that Frances Ryan implies).
‘Blacking up’ as a derisive act of racism
The practice of white actors donning makeup to assume the personas of black characters was widespread in the early 20th century where blacks were patronisingly perceived as simple, servile human beings or figures of comical derision. In other words, the roles perpetuated racism and the erroneous belief that black people or any ethnic minority for that matter, were somehow inferior to the white majority. Back then, society actively alienated and discriminated against black people.
But modern day ‘blacking up’ still occurs
As Ryan asserts, the kind of ‘blacking up’ that occurred all those years ago to poke fun and belittle black society has rightly stopped. But this is not to suggest that ‘blacking up’ does not happen at all to enable an actor to more accurately assume a role. Sir Ben Kingsley won an Oscar for his interpretation of Mahatama Ghandi in the 1982 film of the same name. Perhaps the fact that his father was Indian helped to silence any critics, though the Yorkshire-born actor still had to wear a considerable amount of make up for the role.
To say that wearing make up to more accurately portray a role is an inexcusable act of bigotry seems rather exaggerated. The so called ‘blacking up’ which occurred in ‘Ghandi’ was not some racist act aimed at arrogantly excluding ethnic minorities from cinema, it was the result of the late Lord Attenborough’s desire to accurately depict one of the most famous freedom fighters of all time. In other words to make the Sir Ben Kingsley’s characterisation of Ghandi more convincing.
Eddie Redmayne was cast to play the brilliant physician because, like Sir Ben Kingsley, he is a talented actor with a proven track record. It is also apparent from the screen shots that his physicality is very similar to the young professor. He is a good ‘fit’ and believable in the role.
For these reasons the so called ‘cripping’ up of actors to play roles such as Stephen Hawking in ‘The Theory of Everything’ or Christie Bowne in ‘My Left Foot’ is little if anything to do with the kind of motives behind ‘blacking up’ which occurred so many years ago. It is in fact, more as a result of the actor’s intention to transform him or herself into that role, in the same way as he or she might wear a befitting costume.
2) The use of disability to guarantee an award
There are many occasions where playing a physically disabled person has led to an award. The examples are numerous. However, there is a danger that pointing this out time and again begins to sound just a little cynical, if not bitter.
I don’t know the criteria on which awards are presented, but I should guess they run a little deeper than an actor faking a limp or a stumbling gait. One thing is for certain, approaching topics such as disability is almost certainly quite a challenge, not just for the actor, but for the director and producers involved.
It must be the case that, in making a film such as ‘The Theory of Everything’, those involved wanted to be as thorough as possible in understanding the nature of Hawking’s disease. That probably explains the months of research conducted by Eddie Redmayne. Amongst other things, he studied MND and visited patients who were suffering the affliction. Before even attempting to mimic the physical symptoms, a great deal of time was spent understanding what it was to have the disease. Surely that difficult challenge, if executed well, is worth an Oscar.
To turn the argument on its head, are we saying that a great actor, who happened to have MND, would stand no chance of an award were they to play a young Stephen Hawking with the same disease?
I would agree that many actors have certainly won awards on the back of portraying disabled characters, but this is not because it is an easy cop out. It is because it is a tough challenge where the able bodied actor must really be at the top of their game to carry it off successfully. If they do, it is only right that they receive the acclaim they deserve.
3) Able bodied people feel more comfortable seeing disabled roles portrayed by able-bodied actors
I agree with Frances Ryan here. Hand on heart, there are times when I have found it hard speaking with people with severe physical impairments. It’s a devastating reality with which we’d rather not deal, so I can understand how it’s more reassuring to see an able-bodied actor walk away from a disabled part. Nobody likes to face a harsh truth. That does not mean we should not confront it at all, of course. Nevertheless, there are numerous films, where the use of an actor and the illusion of make-believe elicits a sense of relief such as seeing brutal re-enacted scenes of the holocaust or apartheid.
4) Giving disabled roles to able-bodied actors is robbing disabled actors of a role which is rightfully theirs
I have already touched on the fact that there is more to playing a physically disabled character than simply ’cripping up’. Pretending to have the same physical handicap is not enough. The actor must be convincing. He or she must engage with the audience so that they buy into the story. In other words they must draw on their subtle skills as actors to cast the magic that is necessary to make a tale genuine. If all that is needed to play a character with a given physical disability is personal experience of the same handicap, then this would give a very narrow, almost blinkered view of what it is to be an actor.
A shortage of disabled actors
Furthermore, one cannot ignore the financial perspective. Producers must make a film or theatre performance pay and so, like it or not, they require personalities who attract the crowds. To be fair, this is something that Frances Ryan readily understands.
But the criticism that able-bodied actors automatically win disabled roles over and above their disabled bodied counterparts also seems to imply that there is a rich seam of well known disabled talent just waiting to fill any role depicting physical impairment. This is simply not true.
The only agency which focuses on representing disabled actors in the UK, of which I am aware, is the VisABLE Model Agency run by Louise Dyson. The agency represents well known disabled actors such as Colin Young who played a key role in the BBC’s ‘Call The Midwife’. VisABLE is an excellent resource for any casting director looking to hire a disabled actor, but that does not mean it is always easy to find someone for a specific role.
For instance, the role of Christopher in the physical theatre production of ‘The Mermaid in The Gherkin Jar’ would require someone with cerebral palsy who is also capable of performing the other able-bodied elements of the piece. As someone with Christopher’s condition, I can assure the reader that this is something which is really rather difficult.
On this point, one actor I did have in mind for the role of Christopher was RJ Mitte, star of the hugely successful US series, ‘Breaking Bad’. In many ways he would be absolutely perfect, but I doubt the production company could afford his fee. Not at the moment anyway! Furthermore, there is no guarantee that such an actor would want to audition for the part. An actor’s career flourishes as his roles become more and more varied. Would any actor with a disability really be content being the ‘go-to’ man or woman for any piece involving physical impairment. I think not.
The assumption that there is a multitude of eager actors who are missing out on plum disabled roles played by able bodied, award-hungry actors is misleading. These roles are actually relatively few and far between and arguably not enough to sustain any acting career.
Why is disability so precious?
Perhaps the biggest point that Frances Ryan made which I found difficult to agree with was her comment that seeing an able-bodied person assuming a disabled persona is “for many people in the audience” the same as “ watching another person fake their identity.”
The obvious point here is that faking another identity is exactly what acting is all about. Moreover, why shouldn’t able-bodied actors play disabled roles? Are these parts so sacred to suggest that no able-bodied person could possibly interpret them accurately? I have watched a number of films depicting disability and I have never felt that my own identity as a disabled person is being faked. The idea is frankly absurd.
Mental disability has often been portrayed by healthy actors without the likes of Mencap taking to the street claiming the collective identity of their membership has somehow been faked. What is the real difference with physical disability? I just can’t see it.
5) It is wrong for the story of someone from a minority to be depicted by a member of the dominant group for mass entertainment.
This statement would be beyond debate should any theatrical role be used by a ‘dominant group’ to somehow belittle or undermine a minority. But, as I have already mentioned, this was not the case in roles such as ‘Ghandi’. Far from being an insulting portrayal of the Indian revolutionary, Sir Ben Kingley’s interpretation was arguably a powerful and insightful piece of acting, worthy of great praise.
Similarly, Eddie Redmayne’s portrayal of Stephen Hawking and Daniel Day Lewis’s role in ‘My Left Foot’, to name but two, could hardly be argued in terms of a majority group capitalising on a minority group for the sake of entertainment. I am personally thankful that actors and directors see these stories as so important that they must be told and I am happy to see them gain further publicity through their connection with famous faces.
The harsh reality of disability in film
There was a time when there were hardly any black actors in cinema, because the barriers towards them were so great. Over time the barriers to such actors broke down and more and more black artists as well as players from other ethnic minorities emerged.
The same will happen, to an extent, with disabled actors and stars like RJ Mitte and Colin Young will, no doubt, lead the way. However they will always be few and far between. There is a very real and harsh truth to face – disabled people will always exist in far fewer numbers comparative to other minority groups, and the nature of having a disability will make it more difficult to play a wide variety of roles resulting in the majority of them losing out on blockbuster scripts.
An actor with severe cerebral palsy or MS might be able to play the role of Stephen Hawking in a wheelchair, but would find it impossible to pass off an able bodied Cambridge student before MND took hold. An actor such as RJ Mitte could have perhaps been a good call as an alternative for Eddie Redmayne, though bizarrely he would have to ‘crip down’ for the first part of the film and ‘crip up’ for the latter part. Is there any real difference? Also, as previously discussed, there is more to playing any role than simply being able to mimic the physical attributes of the character.
Similarly, casting Christopher for ‘The Mermaid in The Gherkin Jar’ is not as simple as hiring the first actor one can find with cerebral palsy or a similar condition. After all, CP itself is a broad church that affects different people in different ways. Colin Young, (although I thought about it) would have not been suitable as he wouldn’t be able to execute the more physically demanding able-bodied parts of the piece. This is a real shame as I think other aspects of his physicality would have been an excellent fit. Perhaps there are other actors out there with a milder form of cerebral palsy, but would they have had the same facial and physical characteristics as our current cast member?
The danger here is that in trying to use a disabled actor, there is the very real danger that the piece may alter in a way that was not truly intended. This, as a writer, I will always resist. Furthermore, and I may well be lambasted for making this point, if we focus on the disability itself too closely, there is actually the real risk that the piece becomes just about that – disability.
Conclusion
At first blush, Frances Ryan’s article in the Guardian makes some strong points, but this is only because they appeal to our sense of outrage by hooking into emotive topics like racism. In reality, there is little in her article that holds water.
I’ve dealt with disability all my life and can honestly say I have never felt offended when an actor receives an award for ‘cripping up’. Nor have I felt anger that by casting an able bodied person, I have somehow lost my right to self expression. On the other hand I would feel far more disappointed if I watched a film that failed to deliver simply because of some misguided act of ‘positive discrimination’.
Don’t get me wrong, I would like to see more disabled actors in film. I want to see more talent agencies like VisABLE introducing actors into theatre casts and onto film sets. People need to see disability represented on TV and in the cinema as general roles. I can even see some disabled actors taking on far bigger parts.
But the reality of it is that those best suited to developing a mainstream career in entertainment are those at the periphery of disability, such as RJ Mitte who can keep their symptoms under control. This in turn allows them to play a wider variety of roles even perhaps able-bodied parts. Having said that, the irony is that I doubt that any such individual would wish to base their career entirely on roles made possible because of their disability.
|
||||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 69
|
http://filmmusicreporter.com/2024/08/08/original-song-the-last-ballad-of-damrod-from-the-lord-of-the-rings-the-rings-of-power-released/
|
en
|
Film Music Reporter
|
http://filmmusicreporter.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/vs-18-300x300.jpeg
|
[
"http://filmmusicreporter.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/vs-18-300x300.jpeg",
"https://filmmusicreporter.com/wp-content/themes/greyzed-theme/functions/efrog/images/credit_image_black.png"
] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/YOfhZJax3NI?feature=oembed"
] |
[] |
[
"Amazon",
"Bear McCreary",
"Jens Kidman",
"The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power",
"",
"Film Music Albums",
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-08-08T00:00:00
|
Roadrunner Records has released the first track from the soundtrack for the second season of the Prime Video original series The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of
|
en
|
https://filmmusicreporter.com/2024/08/08/original-song-the-last-ballad-of-damrod-from-the-lord-of-the-rings-the-rings-of-power-season-2-released/
|
Roadrunner Records has released the first track from the soundtrack for the second season of the Prime Video original series The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power. Available to stream/download now on all major digital music services is the original song The Last Ballad of Damrod written by the show’s composer Bear McCreary featuring vocals by Jens Kidman (of the Swedish metal band Meshuggah). Also listen to the track after the jump. A full soundtrack album for the new season will be released on August 23 (click here for more information). Season 2 of The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power developed by J.D. Payne & Patrick McKay based on stories by J.R.R. Tolkien will premiere on August 29 exclusively on Prime Video.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 7
|
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2053929-a-brief-history-of-stephen-hawking-a-legacy-of-paradox/
|
en
|
A brief history of Stephen Hawking: A legacy of paradox
|
[
"https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/73149807.jpg",
"https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=300 300w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=400 400w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=500 500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=600 600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=700 700w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=800 800w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=837 837w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=900 900w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=1003 1003w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=1100 1100w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=1200 1200w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=1300 1300w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=1400 1400w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=1500 1500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=1600 1600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=1674 1674w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=1700 1700w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=1800 1800w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=1900 1900w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/h_02681055.jpg?width=2006 2006w",
"https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=284 284w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=400 400w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=500 500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=568 568w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=600 600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=717 717w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=800 800w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=900 900w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=1000 1000w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=1100 1100w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=1200 1200w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=1300 1300w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=1434 1434w",
"https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/21131926/SEI_94721274.jpg?width=284 284w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/21131926/SEI_94721274.jpg?width=400 400w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/21131926/SEI_94721274.jpg?width=500 500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/21131926/SEI_94721274.jpg?width=568 568w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/21131926/SEI_94721274.jpg?width=600 600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/21131926/SEI_94721274.jpg?width=717 717w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/21131926/SEI_94721274.jpg?width=800 800w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/21131926/SEI_94721274.jpg?width=900 900w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/21131926/SEI_94721274.jpg?width=1000 1000w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/21131926/SEI_94721274.jpg?width=1100 1100w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/21131926/SEI_94721274.jpg?width=1200 1200w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/21131926/SEI_94721274.jpg?width=1300 1300w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/21131926/SEI_94721274.jpg?width=1434 1434w",
"https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=300 300w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=400 400w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=500 500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=600 600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=700 700w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=800 800w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=837 837w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=900 900w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=1003 1003w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=1100 1100w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=1200 1200w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=1300 1300w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=1400 1400w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=1500 1500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=1600 1600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=1674 1674w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=1700 1700w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=1800 1800w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=1900 1900w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/physicist_stephen_hawking_in_zero_gravity_nasa.jpg?width=2006 2006w",
"https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/05141620/SEI_198589457.jpg?width=273 273w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/05141620/SEI_198589457.jpg?width=321 321w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/05141620/SEI_198589457.jpg?width=369 369w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/05141620/SEI_198589457.jpg?width=394 394w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/05141620/SEI_198589457.jpg?width=500 500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/05141620/SEI_198589457.jpg?width=546 546w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/05141620/SEI_198589457.jpg?width=600 600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/05141620/SEI_198589457.jpg?width=642 642w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/05141620/SEI_198589457.jpg?width=738 738w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/05141620/SEI_198589457.jpg?width=788 788w",
"https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/11131308/SEI_184538298.jpg?width=273 273w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/11131308/SEI_184538298.jpg?width=321 321w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/11131308/SEI_184538298.jpg?width=369 369w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/11131308/SEI_184538298.jpg?width=394 394w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/11131308/SEI_184538298.jpg?width=500 500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/11131308/SEI_184538298.jpg?width=546 546w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/11131308/SEI_184538298.jpg?width=600 600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/11131308/SEI_184538298.jpg?width=642 642w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/11131308/SEI_184538298.jpg?width=738 738w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/11131308/SEI_184538298.jpg?width=788 788w",
"https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/22130732/SEI_149170296.jpg?width=273 273w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/22130732/SEI_149170296.jpg?width=321 321w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/22130732/SEI_149170296.jpg?width=369 369w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/22130732/SEI_149170296.jpg?width=394 394w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/22130732/SEI_149170296.jpg?width=500 500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/22130732/SEI_149170296.jpg?width=546 546w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/22130732/SEI_149170296.jpg?width=600 600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/22130732/SEI_149170296.jpg?width=642 642w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/22130732/SEI_149170296.jpg?width=738 738w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/22130732/SEI_149170296.jpg?width=788 788w",
"https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=273 273w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=321 321w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=369 369w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=394 394w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=500 500w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=546 546w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=600 600w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=642 642w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=738 738w, https://images.newscientist.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/17122440/SEI_148399225.jpg?width=788 788w",
"https://www.newscientist.com/build/images/footer/apple.691391b5.svg",
"https://www.newscientist.com/build/images/footer/google.f217b9d7.svg",
"https://www.newscientist.com/build/images/footer/instagram.49e1fa34.svg",
"https://www.newscientist.com/build/images/footer/meta.f61ba35f.svg",
"https://www.newscientist.com/build/images/footer/twitter.86154302.svg",
"https://www.newscientist.com/build/images/footer/tiktok.020a2952.svg",
"https://www.newscientist.com/build/images/footer/linkedin.aff7042c.svg",
"https://www.newscientist.com/build/images/footer/whatsapp.a05d81f2.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Stephen Hawking",
"physics",
"obituary",
"stephen hawking"
] | null |
[
"Stuart Clark",
"#author.fullName}"
] |
2018-03-14T05:57:52+00:00
|
He was an icon for many reasons, but as we remember Stephen Hawking, his remarkable contribution to science is undoubtedly his greatest legacy
|
en
|
/build/images/layup/new-sci-favicon.d65b52af.ico
|
New Scientist
|
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2053929-a-brief-history-of-stephen-hawking-a-legacy-of-paradox/
|
Stephen Hawking, the world-famous theoretical physicist, has died at the age of 76.
Hawking’s children, Lucy, Robert and Tim said in a statement: “We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today.
“He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy will live on for many years. His courage and persistence with his brilliance and humour inspired people across the world.
“He once said: ‘It would not be much of a universe if it wasn’t home to the people you love.’ We will miss him for ever.”
The most recognisable scientist of our age, Hawking holds an iconic status. His genre-defining book, A Brief History of Time, has sold more than 10 million copies since its publication in 1988, and has been translated into more than 35 languages. He appeared on Star Trek: The Next Generation, The Simpsons and The Big Bang Theory. His early life was the subject of an Oscar-winning performance by Eddie Redmayne in the 2014 film The Theory of Everything. He was routinely consulted for oracular pronouncements on everything from time travel and alien life to Middle Eastern politics and nefarious robots. He had an endearing sense of humour and a daredevil attitude – relatable human traits that, combined with his seemingly superhuman mind, made Hawking eminently marketable.
But his cultural status – amplified by his disability and the media storm it invoked – often overshadowed his scientific legacy. That’s a shame for the man who discovered what might prove to be the key clue to the theory of everything, advanced our understanding of space and time, helped shape the course of physics for the last four decades and whose insight continues to drive progress in fundamental physics today.
Beginning with the big bang
Hawking’s research career began with disappointment. Arriving at the University of Cambridge in 1962 to begin his PhD, he was told that Fred Hoyle, his chosen supervisor, already had a full complement of students. The most famous British astrophysicist at the time, Hoyle was a magnet for the more ambitious students. Hawking didn’t make the cut. Instead, he was to work with Dennis Sciama, a physicist Hawking knew nothing about. In the same year, Hawking was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a degenerative motor neurone disease that quickly robs people of the ability to voluntarily move their muscles. He was told he had two years to live.
Although Hawking’s body may have weakened, his intellect stayed sharp. Two years into his PhD, he was having trouble walking and talking, but it was clear that the disease was progressing more slowly than the doctors had initially feared. Meanwhile, his engagement to Jane Wilde – with whom he later had three children, Robert, Lucy and Tim – renewed his drive to make real progress in physics.
Working with Sciama had its advantages. Hoyle’s fame meant that he was seldom in the department, whereas Sciama was around and eager to talk. Those discussions stimulated the young Hawking to pursue his own scientific vision. Hoyle was vehemently opposed to the big bang theory (in fact, he had coined the name “big bang” in mockery). Sciama, on the other hand, was happy for Hawking to investigate the beginning of time.
Time’s arrow
Hawking was studying the work of Roger Penrose, which proved that if Einstein’s general theory of relativity is correct, at the heart of every black hole must be a point where space and time themselves break down – a singularity. Hawking realised that if time’s arrow were reversed, the same reasoning would hold true for the universe as a whole. Under Sciama’s encouragement, he worked out the maths and was able to prove it: the universe according to general relativity began in a singularity.
Hawking was well aware, however, that Einstein didn’t have the last word. General relativity, which describes space and time on a large scale, doesn’t take into account quantum mechanics, which describes matter’s strange behaviour at much smaller scales. Some unknown “theory of everything” was needed to unite the two. For Hawking, the singularity at the universe’s origin did not signal the breakdown of space and time; it signalled the need for quantum gravity.
Luckily, the link that he forged between Penrose’s singularity and the singularity at the big bang provided a key clue for finding such a theory. If physicists wanted to understand the origin of the universe, Hawking had just shown them exactly where to look: a black hole.
Black holes were a subject ripe for investigation in the early 1970s. Although Karl Schwarzschild had found such objects lurking in the equations of general relativity back in 1915, theoreticians viewed them as mere mathematical anomalies and were reluctant to believe they could actually exist.
Albeit frightening, their action is reasonably straightforward: black holes have such strong gravitational fields that nothing, not even light, can escape their grip. Any matter that falls into one is forever lost to the outside world. This, however, is a dagger in the heart of thermodynamics.
Thermodynamic threat
The second law of thermodynamics is one of the most well-established laws of nature. It states that the entropy, or level of disorder in a system, always increases. The second law gives form to the observation that ice cubes will melt into a puddle, but a puddle of water will never spontaneously turn into a block of ice. All matter contains entropy, so what happens when it is dropped into a black hole? Is entropy lost along with it? If so, the total entropy of the universe goes down and black holes would violate the second law of thermodynamics.
Hawking thought that this was fine. He was happy to discard any concept that stood in the way to a deeper truth. And if that meant the second law, then so be it.
Bekenstein and breakthrough
But Hawking met his match at a 1972 physics summer school in the French ski resort of Les Houches, France. Princeton University graduate student Jacob Bekenstein thought that the second law of thermodynamics should apply to black holes too. Bekenstein had been studying the entropy problem and had reached a possible solution thanks to an earlier insight of Hawking’s.
A black hole hides its singularity with a boundary known as the event horizon. Nothing that crosses the event horizon can ever return to the outside. Hawking’s work had shown that the area of a black hole’s event horizon never decreases over time. What’s more, when matter falls into a black hole, the area of its event horizon grows.
Bekenstein realised this was key to the entropy problem. Every time a black hole swallows matter, its entropy appears to be lost, and at the same time, its event horizon grows. So, Bekenstein suggested, what if – to preserve the second law – the area of the horizon is itself a measure of entropy?
Hawking immediately disliked the idea and was angry that his own work had been used in support of a concept so flawed. With entropy comes heat, but the black hole couldn’t be radiating heat – nothing can escape its pull of gravity. During a break from the lectures, Hawking got together with colleagues Brandon Carter, who also studied under Sciama, and James Bardeen, of the University of Washington, and confronted Bekenstein.
The disagreement bothered Bekenstein. “These three were senior people. I was just out of my PhD. You worry whether you are just stupid and these guys know the truth,” he recalls.
Back in Cambridge, Hawking set out to prove Bekenstein wrong. Instead, he discovered the precise form of the mathematical relationship between entropy and the black hole’s horizon. Rather than destroying the idea, he had confirmed it. It was Hawking’s greatest breakthrough.
Hawking radiation
Hawking now embraced the idea that thermodynamics played a part in black holes. Anything that has entropy, he reasoned, also has a temperature – and anything that has a temperature can radiate.
His original mistake, Hawking realised, was in only considering general relativity, which says that nothing – no particles, no heat – can escape the grip of a black hole. That changes when quantum mechanics comes into play. According to quantum mechanics, fleeting pairs of particles and antiparticles are constantly appearing out of empty space, only to annihilate and disappear in the blink of an eye. When this happens in the vicinity of an event horizon, a particle-antiparticle pair can be separated – one falls behind the horizon while one escapes, leaving them forever unable to meet and annihilate. The orphaned particles stream away from the black hole’s edge as radiation. The randomness of quantum creation becomes the randomness of heat.
“I think most physicists would agree that Hawking’s greatest contribution is the prediction that black holes emit radiation,” says Sean Carroll, a theoretical physicist at the California Institute of Technology. “While we still don’t have experimental confirmation that Hawking’s prediction is true, nearly every expert believes he was right.”
Experiments to test Hawking’s prediction are so difficult because the more massive a black hole is, the lower its temperature. For a large black hole – the kind astronomers can study with a telescope – the temperature of the radiation is too insignificant to measure. As Hawking himself often noted, it was for this reason that he was never awarded a Nobel Prize. Still, the prediction was enough to secure him a prime place in the annals of science, and the quantum particles that stream from the black hole’s edge would forever be known as Hawking radiation.
Some have suggested that they should more appropriately be called Bekenstein-Hawking radiation, but Bekenstein himself rejects this. “The entropy of a black hole is called Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, which I think is fine. I wrote it down first, Hawking found the numerical value of the constant, so together we found the formula as it is today. The radiation was really Hawking’s work. I had no idea how a black hole could radiate. Hawking brought that out very clearly. So that should be called Hawking radiation.”
Theory of everything
The Bekenstein-Hawking entropy equation is the one Hawking asked to have engraved on his tombstone. It represents the ultimate mash-up of physical disciplines because it contains Newton’s constant, which clearly relates to gravity; Planck’s constant, which betrays quantum mechanics at play; the speed of light, the talisman of Einstein’s relativity; and the Boltzmann constant, the herald of thermodynamics.
The presence of these diverse constants hinted at a theory of everything, in which all physics is unified. Furthermore, it strongly corroborated Hawking’s original hunch that understanding black holes would be key in unlocking that deeper theory.
Hawking’s breakthrough may have solved the entropy problem, but it raised an even more difficult problem in its wake. If black holes can radiate, they will eventually evaporate and disappear. So what happens to all the information that fell in? Does it vanish too? If so, it will violate a central tenet of quantum mechanics. On the other hand, if it escapes from the black hole, it will violate Einstein’s theory of relativity. With the discovery of black hole radiation, Hawking had pit the ultimate laws of physics against one another. The black hole information loss paradox had been born.
Hawking staked his position in another ground-breaking and even more contentious paper entitled Breakdown of predictability in gravitational collapse, published in Physical Review D in 1976. He argued that when a black hole radiates away its mass, it does take all of its information with it – despite the fact that quantum mechanics expressly forbids information loss. Soon other physicists would pick sides, for or against this idea, in a debate that continues to this day. Indeed, many feel that information loss is the most pressing obstacle in understanding quantum gravity.
“Hawking’s 1976 argument that black holes lose information is a towering achievement, perhaps one of the most consequential discoveries on the theoretical side of physics since the subject was invented,” says Raphael Bousso of the University of California, Berkeley.
Concession
By the late 1990s, results emerging from string theory had most theoretical physicists convinced that Hawking was wrong about information loss, but Hawking, known for his stubbornness, dug in his heels. It wasn’t until 2004 that he would change his mind. And he did it with flair – dramatically showing up at a conference in Dublin and announcing his updated view: black holes cannot lose information.
Today, however, a new paradox known as the firewall has thrown everything into doubt (see “Hawking’s paradox”, below). It is clear that the question Hawking raised is at the core of the quest for quantum gravity.
“Black hole radiation raises serious puzzles we are still working very hard to understand,” says Carroll. “It’s fair to say that Hawking radiation is the single biggest clue we have to the ultimate reconciliation of quantum mechanics and gravity, arguably the greatest challenge facing theoretical physics today.”
Hawking’s legacy, says Bousso, will be “having put his finger on the key difficulty in the search for a theory of everything”.
Hawking continued pushing the boundaries of theoretical physics at a seemingly impossible pace for the rest of his life. He made important inroads towards understanding how quantum mechanics applies to the universe as a whole, leading the way in the field known as quantum cosmology. His progressive disease pushed him to tackle problems in novel ways, which contributed to his remarkable intuition for his subject. As he lost the ability to write out long, complicated equations, Hawking found new and inventive methods to solve problems in his head, usually by reimagining them in geometric form. But, like Einstein before him, Hawking never produced anything quite as revolutionary as his early work.
“Hawking’s most influential work was done in the 1970s, when he was younger,” says Carroll, “but that’s completely standard even for physicists who aren’t burdened with a debilitating neurone disease.”
Hawking the superstar
In the meantime, the publication of A Brief History of Time catapulted Hawking to cultural stardom and gave a fresh face to theoretical physics. He never seemed to mind. “In front of the camera, Hawking played the character of Hawking. He seemed to play with his cultural status,” says Hélène Mialet, an anthropologist from the University of California, Berkeley, who courted controversy in 2012 with the publication of her book Hawking Incorporated. In it, she investigated the way the people around Hawking helped him build and maintain his public image.
That public image undoubtedly made his life easier than it might otherwise have been. As Hawking’s disease progressed, technologists gladly provided increasingly complicated machines to allow him to communicate. This, in turn, let him continue doing the thing for which he should ultimately be remembered: his science.
“Stephen Hawking has done more to advance our understanding of gravitation than anyone since Einstein,” Carroll says. “He was a world-leading theoretical physicist, clearly the best in the world for his time among those working at the intersection of gravity and quantum mechanics, and he did it all in the face of a terrible disease. He is an inspirational figure, and history will certainly remember him that way.”
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 28
|
https://marvel.fandom.com/wiki/Marvel_Films
|
en
|
Marvel Films
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/b0/Captain-america-movie-poster-1944.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20110225014002
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/b0/Captain-america-movie-poster-1944.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20110225014002
|
[
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20240127200353",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20240127200353",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/eb/Marvel_Films_logo.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/180?cb=20210922102219",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/eb/Marvel_Films_logo.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/180?cb=20210922102219",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/b0/Captain-america-movie-poster-1944.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110225014002",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/b0/Captain-america-movie-poster-1944.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110225014002",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/cc/Red_Sonja_film.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20200826012740",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/cc/Red_Sonja_film.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20200826012740",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/4e/Howard_the_Duck_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20070815002353",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/4e/Howard_the_Duck_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20070815002353",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/b3/Men_in_Black_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130425223600",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/b3/Men_in_Black_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130425223600",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/af/Blade_%281998_film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20080819090641",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/af/Blade_%281998_film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20080819090641",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/0a/X-Men_%28film%29_2000.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20200731143719",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/0a/X-Men_%28film%29_2000.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20200731143719",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/0e/Blade_II_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/158?cb=20080819200815",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/0e/Blade_II_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/158?cb=20080819200815",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/0f/Spider-Man_%282002_film%29_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20181020072139",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/0f/Spider-Man_%282002_film%29_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20181020072139",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/a0/Men_in_Black_II.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130425223601",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/a0/Men_in_Black_II.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130425223601",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/0a/Daredevil_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20080328170413",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/0a/Daredevil_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20080328170413",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/2e/X2PosterMovie.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110720142407",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/2e/X2PosterMovie.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110720142407",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/35/Bruce_Banner_%28Earth-400083%29_from_Hulk_%28film%29_Poster_0001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20080502144049",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/35/Bruce_Banner_%28Earth-400083%29_from_Hulk_%28film%29_Poster_0001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20080502144049",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/21/The_Punisher_%282004_film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20080524063320",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/21/The_Punisher_%282004_film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20080524063320",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/02/Spider-Man_2_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110720163418",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/02/Spider-Man_2_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110720163418",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/91/Blade_Trinity.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20080912121917",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/91/Blade_Trinity.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20080912121917",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/1f/Elektra_poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20080328214719",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/1f/Elektra_poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20080328214719",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/d3/Fantastic_Four_%28film%29_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20070209055614",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/d3/Fantastic_Four_%28film%29_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20070209055614",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/9c/X-MenTheLastStandMoviePoster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20220520112214",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/9c/X-MenTheLastStandMoviePoster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20220520112214",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/b2/GhostRider_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110725141501",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/b2/GhostRider_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110725141501",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/7a/Spider-Man_3%2C_International_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110720163636",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/7a/Spider-Man_3%2C_International_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110720163636",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/26/FantasticFour2_poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110724145142",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/26/FantasticFour2_poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110724145142",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/20/Ironmanposter.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20080502172105",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/20/Ironmanposter.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20080502172105",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/78/The_Incredible_Hulk_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20080529212502",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/78/The_Incredible_Hulk_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20080529212502",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/d2/Punisher_War_Zone_%28film%29_Poster_005.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20081118024304",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/d2/Punisher_War_Zone_%28film%29_Poster_005.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20081118024304",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/a5/X-MenOriginsWolverineMoviePoster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110720142028",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/a5/X-MenOriginsWolverineMoviePoster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110720142028",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/11/Kick-Ass_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130322220850",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/11/Kick-Ass_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130322220850",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/ed/Iron_Man_2_poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20190309193419",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/ed/Iron_Man_2_poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20190309193419",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/9c/Thor_Theatrical_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20201016131607",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/9c/Thor_Theatrical_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20201016131607",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/55/X-MenFirstClassMoviePoster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110720141248",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/55/X-MenFirstClassMoviePoster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110720141248",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/9d/Spider-Man_Turn_Off_the_Dark.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/168?cb=20110326065708",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/9d/Spider-Man_Turn_Off_the_Dark.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/168?cb=20110326065708",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/37/Captain_America_The_First_Avenger_poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20210813195225",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/37/Captain_America_The_First_Avenger_poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20210813195225",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/64/Ghost_Rider_Spirit_Of_Vengeance_Poster_02.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20120101164008",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/64/Ghost_Rider_Spirit_Of_Vengeance_Poster_02.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20120101164008",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/1a/The_Avengers_%28film%29_poster_011.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20120229020811",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/1a/The_Avengers_%28film%29_poster_011.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20120229020811",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/3a/Men_in_Black_3.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130425223601",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/3a/Men_in_Black_3.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130425223601",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/4a/The_Amazing_Spider-Man_%282012_film%29_poster_0005.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20120703082310",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/4a/The_Amazing_Spider-Man_%282012_film%29_poster_0005.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20120703082310",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/e9/Iron_Man_3_%28film%29_poster_006.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130228172348",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/e9/Iron_Man_3_%28film%29_poster_006.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130228172348",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/9e/Kick-Ass_2_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130322220850",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/9e/Kick-Ass_2_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130322220850",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/79/The_Wolverine_%28film%29_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130326173841",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/79/The_Wolverine_%28film%29_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130326173841",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/e5/Thor_The_Dark_World_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20210813193308",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/e5/Thor_The_Dark_World_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20210813193308",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/03/Captain_America_The_Winter_Soldier_poster_005.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20140131142746",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/03/Captain_America_The_Winter_Soldier_poster_005.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20140131142746",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/53/The_Amazing_Spider-Man_2_%28film%29_poster_005.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20140324160158",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/53/The_Amazing_Spider-Man_2_%28film%29_poster_005.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20140324160158",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/5f/X-Men_Days_of_Future_Past_%28film%29_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20140324155123",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/5f/X-Men_Days_of_Future_Past_%28film%29_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20140324155123",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/b9/Guardians_of_the_Galaxy_%28film%29_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20140516161438",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/b9/Guardians_of_the_Galaxy_%28film%29_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20140516161438",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/f/fc/Big_Hero_%28film%29_poster_006.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20210208164258",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/f/fc/Big_Hero_%28film%29_poster_006.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20210208164258",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/da/Kingsman_The_Secret_Service.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20170915193940",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/da/Kingsman_The_Secret_Service.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20170915193940",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/ee/Avengers_Age_of_Ultron_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20150224171724",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/ee/Avengers_Age_of_Ultron_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20150224171724",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/d6/Ant-Man_%28film%29_poster_001.jpeg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20150506151531",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/d6/Ant-Man_%28film%29_poster_001.jpeg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20150506151531",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/54/Fantastic_Four_%282015_film%29_poster_007.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20150709152453",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/54/Fantastic_Four_%282015_film%29_poster_007.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20150709152453",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/00/Deadpool_%28film%29_poster_009.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20160115014652",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/00/Deadpool_%28film%29_poster_009.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20160115014652",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/02/Captain_America_Civil_War_poster_014.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20160310174551",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/02/Captain_America_Civil_War_poster_014.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20160310174551",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/9c/X-Men_Apocalypse_Poster_017.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20160426201149",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/9c/X-Men_Apocalypse_Poster_017.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20160426201149",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/23/Doctor_Strange_%28film%29_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20160724013508",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/23/Doctor_Strange_%28film%29_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20160724013508",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/3d/Logan_%28film%29_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20170127090323",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/3d/Logan_%28film%29_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20170127090323",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/94/Guardians_of_the_Galaxy_Vol._2_%28film%29_poster_004.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20170301052056",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/94/Guardians_of_the_Galaxy_Vol._2_%28film%29_poster_004.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20170301052056",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/4f/Spider-Man_Homecoming_poster_004.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20170524085936",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/4f/Spider-Man_Homecoming_poster_004.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20170524085936",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/73/Kingsman_The_Golden_Circle.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20170922124134",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/73/Kingsman_The_Golden_Circle.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20170922124134",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/30/Thor_Ragnarok_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20170723014825",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/30/Thor_Ragnarok_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20170723014825",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/94/Black_Panther_%28film%29_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20171016144930",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/94/Black_Panther_%28film%29_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20171016144930",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/8/8b/Avengers_Infinity_War_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180318160428",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/8/8b/Avengers_Infinity_War_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180318160428",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/de/Deadpool_2_poster_018.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180507160630",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/de/Deadpool_2_poster_018.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180507160630",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/38/Ant-Man_and_the_Wasp_%28film%29_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180430180151",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/38/Ant-Man_and_the_Wasp_%28film%29_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180430180151",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/ae/Venom_%28film%29_poster_009.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180917165250",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/ae/Venom_%28film%29_poster_009.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180917165250",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/ef/Spider-Man_Into_the_Spider-Verse_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20181002154623",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/ef/Spider-Man_Into_the_Spider-Verse_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20181002154623",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/33/Captain_Marvel_%28film%29_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20181203081354",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/33/Captain_Marvel_%28film%29_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20181203081354",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/9a/Avengers_Endgame_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20190315002158",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/9a/Avengers_Endgame_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20190315002158",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/b7/Dark_Phoenix_%28film%29_poster_017.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20190510125733",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/b7/Dark_Phoenix_%28film%29_poster_017.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20190510125733",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/d2/Men_in_Black_International.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20190501101825",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/d2/Men_in_Black_International.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20190501101825",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/f/f8/Spider-Man_Far_From_Home_poster_006.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20190522174627",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/f/f8/Spider-Man_Far_From_Home_poster_006.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20190522174627",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/2f/The_New_Mutants_%28film%29_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20200514002913",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/2f/The_New_Mutants_%28film%29_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20200514002913",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/1c/Black_Widow_%28film%29_poster_019.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20210629171105",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/1c/Black_Widow_%28film%29_poster_019.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20210629171105",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/dd/Shang-Chi_and_the_Legend_of_the_Ten_Rings_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20210923062359",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/dd/Shang-Chi_and_the_Legend_of_the_Ten_Rings_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20210923062359",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/2d/Venom_Let_There_Be_Carnage_poster_004.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/154?cb=20210831150457",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/2d/Venom_Let_There_Be_Carnage_poster_004.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/154?cb=20210831150457",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/2e/Eternals_%28film%29_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20210819100513",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/2e/Eternals_%28film%29_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20210819100513",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/5b/Spider-Man_No_Way_Home_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20211129224243",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/5b/Spider-Man_No_Way_Home_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20211129224243",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/67/The_King%27s_Man.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20211024210805",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/67/The_King%27s_Man.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20211024210805",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/8/88/Morbius_%28film%29_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/160?cb=20220209151027",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/8/88/Morbius_%28film%29_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/160?cb=20220209151027",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/c8/Doctor_Strange_in_the_Multiverse_of_Madness_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20220406140911",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/c8/Doctor_Strange_in_the_Multiverse_of_Madness_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20220406140911",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/06/Thor_Love_and_Thunder_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/160?cb=20220524044313",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/06/Thor_Love_and_Thunder_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/160?cb=20220524044313",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/d6/Black_Panther_Wakanda_Forever_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20221110151547",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/d6/Black_Panther_Wakanda_Forever_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20221110151547",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/da/Ant-Man_And_The_Wasp_Quantumania_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20230110122605",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/da/Ant-Man_And_The_Wasp_Quantumania_poster_003.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20230110122605",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/d9/Guardians_of_the_Galaxy_Vol._3_%28film%29_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/160?cb=20230215194503",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/d9/Guardians_of_the_Galaxy_Vol._3_%28film%29_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/160?cb=20230215194503",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/3d/Spider-Man_Across_the_Spider-Verse_poster_004.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20230601183419",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/3d/Spider-Man_Across_the_Spider-Verse_poster_004.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20230601183419",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/62/The_Marvels_%28film%29_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20230721130057",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/62/The_Marvels_%28film%29_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20230721130057",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/57/Argylle.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20240319101650",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/57/Argylle.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20240319101650",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/0e/Madame_Web_%28film%29_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20231212142104",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/0e/Madame_Web_%28film%29_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20231212142104",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/78/Deadpool_%26_Wolverine_poster_009.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20240622134248",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/78/Deadpool_%26_Wolverine_poster_009.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20240622134248",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/4b/The_Punisher_%281989_film%29_Poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20080524063253",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/4b/The_Punisher_%281989_film%29_Poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20080524063253",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/08/Captain_America_%281990_film%29_poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20090401001022",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/08/Captain_America_%281990_film%29_poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20090401001022",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/71/Hardcase_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20170922142015",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/71/Hardcase_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20170922142015",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/bc/Firearm_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130322223639",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/bc/Firearm_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130322223639",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/a6/Fantastic_Four_1994_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110225012507",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/a6/Fantastic_Four_1994_Poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110225012507",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/f/f5/Werewolf_by_Night_%28film%29_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/160?cb=20220910190336",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/f/f5/Werewolf_by_Night_%28film%29_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/160?cb=20220910190336",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/d7/The_Guardians_of_the_Galaxy_Holiday_Special_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/160?cb=20221125173222",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/d7/The_Guardians_of_the_Galaxy_Holiday_Special_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/160?cb=20221125173222",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/b8/Ultimate_Avengers_The_Movie_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180828161553",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/b8/Ultimate_Avengers_The_Movie_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180828161553",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/55/X-Men_Dark_Tide.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20120616003155",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/55/X-Men_Dark_Tide.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20120616003155",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/d0/Ultimate_Avengers_2_Rise_of_the_Panther_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180828161359",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/d0/Ultimate_Avengers_2_Rise_of_the_Panther_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180828161359",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/8/8f/The_Invincible_Iron_Man_%28film%29_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180828161709",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/8/8f/The_Invincible_Iron_Man_%28film%29_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180828161709",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/6d/Doctor_Strange%2C_The_Sorcerer_Supreme.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20090530024802",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/6d/Doctor_Strange%2C_The_Sorcerer_Supreme.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20090530024802",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/eb/Next-avengers-heroes-of-tomorrow.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/161?cb=20091128032136",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/eb/Next-avengers-heroes-of-tomorrow.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/161?cb=20091128032136",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/46/Hulk_Vs._%28film%29_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180828161051",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/46/Hulk_Vs._%28film%29_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180828161051",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/b4/Planet_Hulk_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/157?cb=20100207013534",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/b4/Planet_Hulk_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/157?cb=20100207013534",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/1b/Thor_Tales_of_Asgard_film_cover.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/159?cb=20110407000853",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/1b/Thor_Tales_of_Asgard_film_cover.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/159?cb=20110407000853",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/ae/Iron_Man_Rise_of_Technovore_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180828160829",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/ae/Iron_Man_Rise_of_Technovore_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180828160829",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/db/Iron_Man_and_Hulk_Heroes_United.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/159?cb=20130301002811",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/d/db/Iron_Man_and_Hulk_Heroes_United.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/159?cb=20130301002811",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/e8/Avengers_Confidential_Black_Widow_%26_Punisher.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20161030182342",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/e8/Avengers_Confidential_Black_Widow_%26_Punisher.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20161030182342",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/a6/Iron_Man_and_Captain_America_Heroes_United.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20140731130808",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/a6/Iron_Man_and_Captain_America_Heroes_United.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20140731130808",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/c1/Marvel_Super_Hero_Adventures_Frost_Fight%21.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20160324014654",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/c1/Marvel_Super_Hero_Adventures_Frost_Fight%21.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20160324014654",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/54/Marvel%27s_Hulk_Where_Monsters_Dwell.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20161024202504",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/54/Marvel%27s_Hulk_Where_Monsters_Dwell.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20161024202504",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/10/Red_Sonja_-_Queen_of_Plagues.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20200826012759",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/10/Red_Sonja_-_Queen_of_Plagues.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20200826012759",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/97/Peter_Parker_%28Earth-730911%29_from_Spider-Man_%281977_film%29_Promo_0001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20220118131408",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/97/Peter_Parker_%28Earth-730911%29_from_Spider-Man_%281977_film%29_Promo_0001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20220118131408",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/3c/Incredible_Hulk_1977_series.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130208200259",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/3c/Incredible_Hulk_1977_series.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130208200259",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/08/Dr._Strange_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110415222249",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/08/Dr._Strange_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110415222249",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/7b/Captain_America_1979_poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110401221154",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/7b/Captain_America_1979_poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110401221154",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/65/Captain_America_II_Death_Too_Soon.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110401215109",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/65/Captain_America_II_Death_Too_Soon.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110401215109",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/21/The_Incredible_Hulk_Returns.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110430232603",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/21/The_Incredible_Hulk_Returns.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110430232603",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/9d/The_Trial_of_the_Incredible_Hulk.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110430232956",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/9d/The_Trial_of_the_Incredible_Hulk.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110430232956",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/eb/The_Death_of_the_Incredible_Hulk.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110430233303",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/eb/The_Death_of_the_Incredible_Hulk.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110430233303",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/51/Power_Pack_%28film_logo%29.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20110423203502",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/51/Power_Pack_%28film_logo%29.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20110423203502",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/c7/Generation_X.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110501163939",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/c7/Generation_X.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110501163939",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/29/Nick_Fury_Agent_of_Shield_film.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110415231414",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/29/Nick_Fury_Agent_of_Shield_film.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110415231414",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/ac/Man-Thing_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110415225249",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/ac/Man-Thing_%28film%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110415225249",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/2b/Marvel_Rising_Secret_Warriors_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/159?cb=20180912173703",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/2b/Marvel_Rising_Secret_Warriors_poster_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/159?cb=20180912173703",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/18/Spider-Man_%28Japanese_Film%29_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180101161004",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/18/Spider-Man_%28Japanese_Film%29_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20180101161004",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/44/The_Incredible_Hulk_Married.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130305014941",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/44/The_Incredible_Hulk_Married.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130305014941",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/c0/Spider-Man_Strikes_Back.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20220118131518",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/c0/Spider-Man_Strikes_Back.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20220118131518",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/8/8e/Yami_no_Teio_Kyuketsuki_Dracula.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110501064758",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/8/8e/Yami_no_Teio_Kyuketsuki_Dracula.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110501064758",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/e3/Spider-Man_The_Dragon%27s_Challenge.jpeg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130305014942",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/e3/Spider-Man_The_Dragon%27s_Challenge.jpeg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20130305014942",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/54/Kyofu_Densetsu-_Kaiki%21_Furankenshutain.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110501064248",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/54/Kyofu_Densetsu-_Kaiki%21_Furankenshutain.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20110501064248",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/8/88/Marvel_One-Shot_The_Consultant.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/133?cb=20150908225811",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/8/88/Marvel_One-Shot_The_Consultant.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/133?cb=20150908225811",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/21/Marvel_One-Shot_A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_Thor%27s_Hammer.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/133?cb=20150908225813",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/21/Marvel_One-Shot_A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_Thor%27s_Hammer.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/133?cb=20150908225813",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/a4/Item-47-poster_%28Earth-199999%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/129?cb=20120715044208",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/a4/Item-47-poster_%28Earth-199999%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/129?cb=20120715044208",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/14/Marvel_One-Shot_Agent_Carter.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/130?cb=20130711221546",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/14/Marvel_One-Shot_Agent_Carter.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/130?cb=20130711221546",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/47/Marvel_One-Shot_All_Hail_the_King_poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/130?cb=20140224205507",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/47/Marvel_One-Shot_All_Hail_the_King_poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/130?cb=20140224205507",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/7c/Thor_Odinson_%28Earth-16828%29_and_Darryl_Jacobson_%28Earth-16828%29_from_Team_Thor_001.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20191002115944",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/7c/Thor_Odinson_%28Earth-16828%29_and_Darryl_Jacobson_%28Earth-16828%29_from_Team_Thor_001.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20191002115944",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/b8/Thor_Odinson_%28Earth-16828%29_and_Darryl_Jacobson_%28Earth-16828%29_from_Team_Thor_Part_2.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20191002121259",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/b8/Thor_Odinson_%28Earth-16828%29_and_Darryl_Jacobson_%28Earth-16828%29_from_Team_Thor_Part_2.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20191002121259",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/bc/Deadpool_No_Good_Deed_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240728125018",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/bc/Deadpool_No_Good_Deed_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240728125018",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/47/Guardians%27_Inferno_poster_001.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/129?cb=20171111151849",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/47/Guardians%27_Inferno_poster_001.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/129?cb=20171111151849",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/ca/En_Dwi_Gast_%28Earth-16828%29_and_Darryl_Jacobson_%28Earth-16828%29_from_Team_Darryl_001.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20191002121706",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/ca/En_Dwi_Gast_%28Earth-16828%29_and_Darryl_Jacobson_%28Earth-16828%29_from_Team_Darryl_001.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20191002121706",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/8/81/Peter%27s_To-Do_List_poster_001.jpeg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/133?cb=20230730153415",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/8/81/Peter%27s_To-Do_List_poster_001.jpeg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/133?cb=20230730153415",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/35/Deadpool_and_Korg_React_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240728122538",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/35/Deadpool_and_Korg_React_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240728122538",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/14/Blade_Blood_Thirsty_logo.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20230529184647",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/14/Blade_Blood_Thirsty_logo.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20230529184647",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/c6/Phineas_and_Ferb_Mission_Marvel_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/133?cb=20240728130824",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/c6/Phineas_and_Ferb_Mission_Marvel_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/133?cb=20240728130824",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/9f/LEGO_Marvel_Super_Heroes_Maximum_Overload_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/136?cb=20171011110330",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/9f/LEGO_Marvel_Super_Heroes_Maximum_Overload_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/136?cb=20171011110330",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/8/84/LEGO_Marvel_Super_Heroes_Avengers_Reassembled_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/133?cb=20171011110036",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/8/84/LEGO_Marvel_Super_Heroes_Avengers_Reassembled_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/133?cb=20171011110036",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/60/No_Image_Available.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20100915045609",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/60/No_Image_Available.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20100915045609",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/74/LEGO_Marvel_Super_Heroes_-_Guardians_of_the_Galaxy_The_Thanos_Threat_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20200714211816",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/74/LEGO_Marvel_Super_Heroes_-_Guardians_of_the_Galaxy_The_Thanos_Threat_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/150?cb=20200714211816",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/bc/LEGO_Marvel_Super_Heroes_%E2%80%93_Black_Panther_Trouble_in_Wakanda_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/137?cb=20180503183126",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/b/bc/LEGO_Marvel_Super_Heroes_%E2%80%93_Black_Panther_Trouble_in_Wakanda_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/137?cb=20180503183126",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/99/Spider-Geddon_Spider-Man_Noir.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20181011133707",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/99/Spider-Geddon_Spider-Man_Noir.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20181011133707",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/4f/Spider-Geddon_Spider-Gwen_Ghost_Spider.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20181024202345",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/4f/Spider-Geddon_Spider-Gwen_Ghost_Spider.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20181024202345",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/33/Spider-Geddon_Spider-Man.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20181031144220",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/3/33/Spider-Geddon_Spider-Man.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20181031144220",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/f/fa/Marvel_Rising_Chasing_Ghosts_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/141?cb=20190114182554",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/f/fa/Marvel_Rising_Chasing_Ghosts_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/141?cb=20190114182554",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/0d/Caught_in_a_Ham_Poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/133?cb=20190401084224",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/0d/Caught_in_a_Ham_Poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/133?cb=20190401084224",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/8/84/Marvel_Rising_Heart_of_Iron_poster_002.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/130?cb=20190301181937",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/8/84/Marvel_Rising_Heart_of_Iron_poster_002.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/130?cb=20190301181937",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/26/LEGO_Marvel_Spider-Man_Vexed_by_Venom_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/139?cb=20190807035148",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/26/LEGO_Marvel_Spider-Man_Vexed_by_Venom_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/139?cb=20190807035148",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/ce/Marvel_Rising_Battle_of_the_Bands_Poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/131?cb=20190828234753",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/ce/Marvel_Rising_Battle_of_the_Bands_Poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/131?cb=20190828234753",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/c7/Marvel_Rising_Operation_Shuri_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/136?cb=20191011170405",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/c7/Marvel_Rising_Operation_Shuri_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/136?cb=20191011170405",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/c6/Marvel_Rising_Playing_With_Fire_Poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/136?cb=20191220204635",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/c6/Marvel_Rising_Playing_With_Fire_Poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/136?cb=20191220204635",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/60/No_Image_Available.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20100915045609",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/60/No_Image_Available.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20100915045609",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/04/The_Simpsons_The_Good%2C_The_Bart%2C_and_the_Loki_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/160?cb=20210710123858",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/04/The_Simpsons_The_Good%2C_The_Bart%2C_and_the_Loki_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/160?cb=20210710123858",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/09/LEGO_Marvel_Avengers_Loki_in_Training_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/140?cb=20211204132016",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/09/LEGO_Marvel_Avengers_Loki_in_Training_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/140?cb=20211204132016",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/a1/The_Hawkeyes_The_Story_of_Clint_Barton_%26_Kate_Bishop.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240618014853",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/a1/The_Hawkeyes_The_Story_of_Clint_Barton_%26_Kate_Bishop.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240618014853",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/ed/Visit_Krakoa_A_Paradise_for_Mutants_.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240123172129",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/ed/Visit_Krakoa_A_Paradise_for_Mutants_.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240123172129",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/10/Daredevil%2C_AKA_the_Man_Without_Fear_%28Short%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240621005756",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/1/10/Daredevil%2C_AKA_the_Man_Without_Fear_%28Short%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240621005756",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/72/LEGO_Marvel_Avengers_Time_Twisted_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/133?cb=20220220060755",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/7/72/LEGO_Marvel_Avengers_Time_Twisted_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/133?cb=20220220060755",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/5c/The_Spider_Within_A_Spider-Verse_Story_Logo.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240327214822",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/5/5c/The_Spider_Within_A_Spider-Verse_Story_Logo.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240327214822",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/90/Marvel_Studios_Assembling_a_Universe_logo.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20200919040709",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/9/90/Marvel_Studios_Assembling_a_Universe_logo.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20200919040709",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/ed/Marvel_75_Years_From_Pulp_to_Pop%21_logo.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20200919040756",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/ed/Marvel_75_Years_From_Pulp_to_Pop%21_logo.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20200919040756",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/a7/Captain_America_75_Heroic_Years_logo.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20200919040845",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/a7/Captain_America_75_Heroic_Years_logo.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20200919040845",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/60/Expanding_the_Universe_logo.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20200919040924",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/60/Expanding_the_Universe_logo.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20200919040924",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/ab/Celebrating_Marvel%27s_Stan_Lee_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/184?cb=20200919041003",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/a/ab/Celebrating_Marvel%27s_Stan_Lee_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/184?cb=20200919041003",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/06/Stan_Lee_%28film%29_poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/135?cb=20230616152336",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/0/06/Stan_Lee_%28film%29_poster.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/135?cb=20230616152336",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/27/Venom_The_Last_Dance_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/133?cb=20240603133202",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/27/Venom_The_Last_Dance_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/133?cb=20240603133202",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/2b/Kraven_the_Hunter_%28film%29_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/160?cb=20230619180703",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/2b/Kraven_the_Hunter_%28film%29_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/160?cb=20230619180703",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/47/Captain_America_Brave_New_World_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/135?cb=20240712134105",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/47/Captain_America_Brave_New_World_poster_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/135?cb=20240712134105",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/29/Thunderbolts%2A_logo_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240413220053",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/29/Thunderbolts%2A_logo_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240413220053",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/60/No_Image_Available.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20100915045609",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/60/No_Image_Available.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20100915045609",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/cc/The_Fantastic_Four_%28film%29_logo_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240728113146",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/cc/The_Fantastic_Four_%28film%29_logo_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240728113146",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/e9/Blade_%282025_film%29_logo_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20220724065828",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/e/e9/Blade_%282025_film%29_logo_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20220724065828",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/60/No_Image_Available.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20100915045609",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/60/No_Image_Available.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20100915045609",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/26/Avengers_Doomsday_logo_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240728115349",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/2/26/Avengers_Doomsday_logo_001.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240728115349",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/60/No_Image_Available.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20100915045609",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/60/No_Image_Available.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20100915045609",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/c8/Avengers_Secret_Wars_logo_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240728115708",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/c/c8/Avengers_Secret_Wars_logo_002.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20240728115708",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/60/No_Image_Available.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20100915045609",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/60/No_Image_Available.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20100915045609",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/60/No_Image_Available.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20100915045609",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/6/60/No_Image_Available.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/200?cb=20100915045609",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/6a181c72-e8bf-419b-b4db-18fd56a0eb60",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/6c42ce6a-b205-41f5-82c6-5011721932e7",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/464fc70a-5090-490b-b47e-0759e89c263f",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f7bb9d33-4f9a-4faa-88fe-2a0bd8138668"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Marvel Database"
] |
2024-07-12T14:06:28+00:00
|
Originally released exclusively on home video, on-demand, and streaming domestically. This section contains films originating from a foreign country, or television episodes re-edited into feature films for overseas release. Documentaries authorized and produced by Marvel Announced films that...
|
en
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/marveldatabase/images/4/4a/Site-favicon.ico/revision/latest?cb=20210614031532
|
Marvel Database
|
https://marvel.fandom.com/wiki/Marvel_Films
|
Theatrically Released Films[]
Pre-2000[]
2000s[]
2010s[]
2020s[]
Direct-to-Video Films[]
Originally released exclusively on home video, on-demand, and streaming domestically.
Live-Action[]
Animated[]
Television Films[]
Foreign Films[]
This section contains films originating from a foreign country, or television episodes re-edited into feature films for overseas release.
Short Films[]
Live-Action[]
Animated[]
Documentaries[]
Documentaries authorized and produced by Marvel
Upcoming Films[]
Announced films that have been given full official release dates
2024[]
2025[]
2026[]
2027[]
Notes[]
Not every film on this page is directly made by Disney and/or Marvel Studios.
1. ↑ Based on the Red Sonja Comic Books originally published by Marvel Comics.
2. ↑ Based on the Men in Black Comic Books, originally published by Aircel Comics. Aircel became part of Malibu Comics, which in turn became part of Marvel Comics.
3. ↑ Based on the Kick-Ass Comic Books originally published by Icon Comics, an imprint of Marvel Comics.
4. ↑ Theatrical in the sense of being a Broadway musical.
5. ↑ Based on the comic series Secret Service originally published by Icon Comics, an imprint of Marvel Comics.
6. ↑ Originally planned to be released theatrically. Is currently only available through bootleg recordings.
Canceled Films[]
Films that never entered production, but were given planned release dates, listed in order of their final ones.
Spider-Man 4 (May 5, 2011)
The Amazing Spider-Man 3 (June 10, 2016)
The Sinister Six (November 11, 2016)
Fantastic Four 2 (June 9, 2017)
The Amazing Spider-Man 4 (May 4, 2018)
Silver & Black(Marvel Movies)(Wikipedia) (February 8, 2019)
Inhumans (July 12, 2019)
Gambit(Marvel Movies)(Wikipedia) (March 13, 2020)
[]
|
||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 74
|
https://trends.google.com/trending
|
en
|
Google Trends
|
https://www.gstatic.com/trends/favicon.ico
|
https://www.gstatic.com/trends/favicon.ico
|
[
"https://ssl.gstatic.com/trends/trending/trend_globe.png",
"https://ssl.gstatic.com/trends/googlelogo_neutral40_80x26px.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
//www.gstatic.com/trends/favicon.ico
|
https://trends.google.com/trending
|
trending_upActive: These search queries are still being searched more than usual.
timelapseLasted: These queries were searched more than usual sometime in the selected timeframe and are now back to their typical search volume.
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 21
|
https://norkinvirology.wordpress.com/2015/09/15/the-theory-of-everything/
|
en
|
Leonard Norkin Virology Site
|
[
"https://norkinvirology.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/hawking-and-jane-1990s.jpg?w=296&h=300",
"https://norkinvirology.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/theory-of-everthing.jpg?w=604",
"https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/b7ce484c28dd1f9cb1f54f37efd751e52b1e7f8873de5ebe21264d26dbce6290?s=74&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://norkinvirology.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/norkin-cover.jpg",
"https://norkinvirology.files.wordpress.com/2013/11/norkin-cover.jpg",
"https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png",
"https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2015-09-15T00:00:00
|
HBO has recently been broadcasting the 2014 movie The Theory of Everything; the biographical film about the relationship between Stephen Hawking and his wife Jane Wilde. The movie is adapted from Jane’s memoir Traveling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen and, consequently, it is supposed to accurately depict key moments of their life together (1).…
|
en
|
https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico
|
Leonard Norkin Virology Site
|
https://norkinvirology.wordpress.com/2015/09/15/the-theory-of-everything/
|
HBO has recently been broadcasting the 2014 movie The Theory of Everything; the biographical film about the relationship between Stephen Hawking and his wife Jane Wilde.
The movie is adapted from Jane’s memoir Traveling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen and, consequently, it is supposed to accurately depict key moments of their life together (1). But, how accurate is the movie in depicting Hawking’s science? Since I am not a physicist, my answer is based largely on Hawking’s book, A Brief History of Time (2).
But first, consider that the movie is meant to entertain a general audience, which is not likely to want to sit through the intricacies of general relativity and quantum mechanics. Hawking himself tells us that when he was writing A Brief History of Time, he accepted the advice that every formula he published would halve his sales.
We begin with a scene from the movie, in which Hawking is shown having a sudden “aha” moment that leads to his major scientific achievement—his discovery that black holes emit particles and radiation. [The myth of Isaac Newton and the apocryphal apple is perhaps the most famous example of this cliché.] Hawking is seen looking at burning coals in his fireplace, through a sweater that he is struggling to pull over his head. Jane comes in, and Stephen announces, “I have an idea.”
Did Hawking indeed have the “aha” moment depicted in the movie? Hawking does not talk about it in A Brief History of Time. Nor do I recall mention of such a moment from any other source.
Hawking explains the thinking that led to his breakthrough in A Brief History of Time. He begins by making the case for entropy within black holes. Next, “If a black hole has entropy, then it ought to have a temperature. But a body with a particular temperature ought to emit radiation at a certain rate. It is a matter of common experience that if one heats up a poker in a fire it glows red hot and emits radiation.”
Did Hawking’s reference to a “poker in a fire” in A Brief History of Time inspire the movie’s producers to portray his key breakthrough as coming from staring at the coals glowing in his fireplace? Regardless, representing Hawking’s discovery in this way is a disservice to the science because it disregards the intense effort that lay behind it. Hawking worked strenuously, over a period of months, to prove his case; which he did with mathematical rigor. Moreover, since he remained troubled by the prevailing view that “by their very definition, black holes are objects that are not supposed to emit anything (2),” he spent more months trying to figure out where he might have gone wrong. But, he hadn’t gone wrong. In brief, the explanation stems from the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics, which predicts that certain pairs of quantities, such as the position and velocity of a particle, cannot both be known with complete accuracy. [The uncertainty principle, formulated by Werner Heisenberg, is a cornerstone of quantum mechanics. For more on Heisenberg, see reference 3, in particular Asides 6 and 7.] See Aside 1.
[Aside 1: Hawking’s “aha” moment in The Theory of Everything reminds me of a similar moment portrayed in the earlier (2001) movie A Beautiful Mind, about mathematician John Forbes Nash Jr. In that movie, Nash’s “aha” moment—which led to his Nobel Prize winning work in economics—happened when a nasty rejection from a blond in a bar led Nash to suddenly realize that pursuing one of the more numerous brunettes was much more likely to lead to a successful outcome.]
The movie depiction of Hawking’s signature discovery also feeds the cliché that great scientific breakthroughs are the products of eccentric geniuses working in isolation. Actually, Hawking’s breakthrough was inspired by his 1973 meeting in Moscow with two leading Soviet black hole experts; Yakov Zeldovich and Alexander Starobinsky, who convinced Hawking that “according to the quantum mechanical uncertainty principle, rotating black holes should create and emit particles (2).”
Hawking also admits to being motivated by physicist Jacob Bekenstein; at the time a graduate student at Princeton. Bekenstein suggested that the area of a black hole’s event horizon (i.e., the black hole’s boundary) is a measure of the black hole’s entropy. And, as noted above, if a black hole has entropy, it has temperature, and thus must emit radiation (2).
The Theory of Everything shows Hawking introducing his discovery, in public, for the first time, in front of a small audience, in a small lecture hall, while seated in his wheelchair. The blackboard behind him is blank. When he finishes speaking, someone in the audience jumps up and declares that the theory is “complete nonsense,” and then storms out. Hawking impishly says to the departing individual, “Was it something I said, Professor?” Next, a Russian physicist stands up and announces that “the little one has done it (i.e. succeeded).” With that endorsement, Hawking becomes world famous, and his face adorns the cover of Nature.
Although aspects of the depiction of Hawking’s lecture seemed unrealistic to me, the incident actually did occur, and it was not entirely unlike its portrayal in the movie. It was during a conference at the Rutherford-Appleton Laboratory near Oxford. Hawking relates, “At the end of my talk the chairman of the session, John G. Taylor from Kings College London, claimed it was all nonsense (2).” The Russian physicist who commended the discovery was Isaac Kalatnikov, who earlier showed that the universe could have had a singularity (see below).
The movie intermixes the lecture scene with another scene, in which one of Hawking’s friends is explaining to others how a black hole can eventually go poof. The purpose of the intermixed scene may have been to provide a context for Hawking’s discovery. In any case, Hawking himself comments on the implications of the discovery as follows: “The existence of radiation from black holes seems to imply that gravitational collapse is not as final and irreversible as we once thought (2).” He goes on to explain that Einstein’s theory of general relativity, taken alone, predicts that any matter falling into a black hole would be destroyed at the singularity (a region of zero volume in which the density of matter and the curvature of space-time become infinite), while the gravitational effect of the black hole’s mass would continue to be felt on the outside. But, “when quantum effects were taken into account, it seemed that the mass or energy of the matter would eventually be returned to the rest of the universe, and that the black hole, along with any singularity inside it, would evaporate away and finally disappear.”
Another of Hawking’s discoveries—that the universe may have come into existence from a singularity—is also highlighted in the movie. That discovery happened before his finding that black holes emit radiation. In fact, it was the subject of his doctoral thesis. The seed for the discovery was planted by physicist Roger Penrose’s proposal that a star collapsing under its own gravity eventually shrinks to a singularity. The movie indeed acknowledged Penrose’s contribution. What’s more, Penrose is also shown serving on Hawking’s dissertation committee.
Importantly, Penrose’s theorem applied only to collapsing stars. Hawking’s innovation was to ask whether the entire universe was a singularity in the past. “I soon realized that if one reversed the direction of time in Penrose’s theorem, so that the collapse became an expansion (2),” the conclusion would be that an expanding universe must have begun as a singularity. An important corollary is that the universe had a beginning. [Time and space too were created in the transition from nothing to something. There was no time before the big bang and, consequently, the big bang didn’t actually take place in time. Another interesting notion: since time came into existence at the moment of the big bang, there was never a moment in time when the universe did not exist.]
Penrose’s theorem about stars collapsing into black holes influenced Hawking in yet other ways. Hawking explains: “… at the time that Penrose produced his theorem, I was a research student desperately looking for a problem with which to complete my Ph.D. thesis. Two years before I had been diagnosed as suffering from ALS, commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, or motor neuron disease, and given to understand that I had only one or two more years to live. In these circumstances there had not seemed much point in working on my Ph.D.—I did not expect to survive that long. Yet two years had gone by and I was not that much worse. In fact, things were going quite well for me and I had gotten engaged to a very nice girl, Jane Wilde. But in order to get married, I needed a job, and in order to get a job, I needed a Ph.D…The final result was a joint paper by Penrose and myself in 1970, which at last proved that there must have been a big bang singularity provided only that general relativity is correct and the universe contains as much matter as we observe (2).” And, as we know, Hawking and Jane were married. See Aside 2.
[Aside 2: Almost coincident with The Theory of Everything, there was another movie biography about a British scientist—The Imitation Game, about British mathematician and computer pioneer, Alan Turing, and his work in breaking Germany’s Enigma code during World War II. Despite its excellence, The Imitation Game leaves the impression that Turing virtually single-handedly, and with no prior basis to proceed from, invented and built the machine (the bombe) that broke the German code. Yet a machine, similar to Turing’s, which used rotors to test different letter combinations, was invented earlier by Polish cryptographers. Turing’s very significant contribution was to modify the Polish machine to recognize and ignore letter combinations that were unlikely to yield a useful result, thereby greatly speeding up the screening process. Moreover, the movie does not even mention mathematician Gordon Welchman—he and Turing were among the four original recruits to Britain’s code breaking center at Bletchley Park,—who substantially improved Turing’s machine. Welchman’s improved version of the machine actually broke Enigma ciphers during the war. Incidentally, after the war, Welchman taught the first computer course at MIT. Turing is generally considered to be the father of computer science, and I certainly do not mean to disparage him. My point is that even very good movie biographies of scientists take license with the science to enhance the drama.]
The Theory of Everything may have left some viewers with the impression that the notion of an expanding universe originated with Hawking. Actually, in 1929 Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe is expanding in all directions. And, importantly: “The discovery (Hubble’s) finally brought the question of the beginning of the universe into the realm of science…Hubble’s observations suggested that there was a time, called the big bang, when the universe was infinitesimally small and infinitely dense…One may say that time had a beginning at the big bang…(2).”
The 1965 discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation, by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson, provided compelling evidence for the big bang. What’s more, Hawking and Penrose showed that Einstein’s general relativity implied that the universe had a beginning.
The Theory of Everything advances the thought that if the universe had a beginning, then it had a creator. Afterward, without much in the way of explanation, the movie shows Hawking recanting his belief that the universe had a beginning. Instead, he proposes that the universe has no boundaries in space or time—i.e. no beginning, and no creation. He tells Jane that God is now out.
A Brief History of Time confirms Hawking’s change in view—that the universe did not have a beginning. He explains that combining general relativity with the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics leads to black holes not being black, and the universe not having any singularities. Moreover, the universe “would neither be created nor destroyed. It would just be…What place, then, for a creator? ”
The movie does not address what impact, if any, Hawking’s new outlook may have had on his earlier work. Fortunately, Hawking explains in A Brief History of Time that his new proposal did not undo his earlier work on singularities. Rather, the real importance of the earlier singularity theorems was in showing that quantum gravitational effects could not be ignored in any grand unified theory. “…it seems that the uncertainty principle is a fundamental feature of the universe we live in. A successful unified theory must therefore necessarily incorporate this principle (2).”
Jane is deeply religious. Indeed, her faith helps to sustain her in caring for Stephen. [Despite Hawking’s fame and public acclaim, he was completely dependent on Jane at home.] In contrast, when Stephen refers to God, he seems to be making fun of Jane’s faith. Yet, Hawking does mention God often in A Brief History of Time. Moreover, the final words of the book are: “However, if we do discover a complete theory…then we should know the mind of God.”
In the movie, Jane discovers the above passage in Stephen’s manuscript. She then asks Stephen if he means it, adding, “Are you going to let me have this moment?” Stephen answers “yes” and “your welcome,” but he then adds, “However…”
Neither the movie, nor A Brief History of Time, tells us for sure what Hawking really believes about God. In any case, Hawking never suggests that he believes in a kind of supernatural creator that one might worship. So, it is likely that he refers to God in much the same spirit as Einstein did when he famously quipped, “God doesn’t play dice with the universe.” Einstein uses God as a religious metaphor, and I suspect that Hawking is doing the same.
Despite Hawking’s apparent agnosticism, he nevertheless seems uncertain as to whether science can ever explain existence. “What is it that breathes fire into the equations and makes a universe for them to describe? Why does the world go through all the bother of existing? Is the unified theory so compelling that it brings about its own existence? Or does it need a creator, and, if so, does he have any other effect on the universe? And who created him (2)?”
The following is from a piece by Caroline Graham and Gabrielle Donnolly in the Daily Mail (http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2826974/Anguish-scientist-s-dumped-wife-revealed-star-Felicity-Jones-s-playing-movie.html#ixzz3lCV8caM4):
“British actress Felicity Jones – best known as the voice of Emma Grundy in The Archers, but whose film credits include Brideshead Revisited and the romcom Chalet Girl – plays the discarded wife and Eddie Redmayne, of Birdsong fame, plays Hawking.
During filming, Hawking and his ex-wife (Jane) both turned up on set. It was a daunting moment.
Felicity says: ‘Out of the corner of one eye I saw Jane and her new husband and out of the other eye I saw Stephen. It was probably one of the most intimidating moments of my life.
It must have been so bizarre for them to watch us playing them. It certainly felt awkward for me.’
Hawking and Jane watched a sequence during which Felicity and Redmayne danced together. After the director yelled ‘Cut’, Hawking – who communicates through a computer-based speech generator – asked: ‘Would you ask Felicity if she will come and give me a kiss?’
For 31-year-old Felicity, that moment was a revelation. ‘It shows his rather flirtatious nature and this amazing capacity he has not to take himself too seriously,’ she explains. ‘I embraced him and told him, “You’re amazing!” ’
References:
(1) L.V. Anderson, How Accurate Is The Theory of Everything?, Slate’s culture blog, November 7, 2014.
(2) Stephen W. Hawking, A Brief History of Time, Bantam Books, 1988.
(3) “The Upright Thinkers”, Posted on the blog, August 19, 2015.
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 23
|
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/sep/13/100-best-films-movies-of-the-21st-century
|
en
|
The 100 best films of the 21st century
|
[
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=6035250&cv=2.0&cj=1&cs_ucfr=0&comscorekw=Film%2CCulture%2CDrama+films%2CScience+fiction+and+fantasy+films%2CDocumentary+films%2CAnimation+in+film%2CQuentin+Tarantino%2CChristopher+Nolan%2CMichael+Moore%2CRidley+Scott%2CKathryn+Bigelow%2CClio+Barnard%2CKen+Loach%2CMatteo+Garrone%2CCoen+brothers%2CApichatpong+Weerasethakul%2CNanni+Moretti%2CSarah+Polley%2CAndrea+Arnold%2CDarren+Aronofsky%2CMarjane+Satrapi%2CSteven+Soderbergh%2CSofia+Coppola%2CAbbas+Kiarostami%2CStephen+Frears%2CJacques+Audiard%2CMike+Leigh%2CYorgos+Lanthimos%2CAng+Lee%2CPixar%2CLynne+Ramsay%2CJoanna+Hogg%2CSeth+MacFarlane%2CAlexander+Sokurov%2CAaron+Sorkin%2CDavid+Fincher%2CAction+and+adventure+films%2CThrillers%2CMichael+Winterbottom%2CSteve+Coogan%2CTerence+Davies%2CKenneth+Lonergan%2CPedro+Almod%C3%B3var%2CAva+DuVernay%2CMartin+Scorsese%2CPark+Chan-wook%2CNuri+Bilge+Ceylan%2CLars+von+Trier%2CAsghar+Farhadi%2CAndrew+Haigh%2CWes+Anderson%2CAlfonso+Cuar%C3%B3n%2CCharlie+Kaufman%2CAndrey+Zvyagintsev%2CAlexander+Payne%2CTerrence+Malick%2CJordan+Peele%2CPawe%C5%82+Pawlikowski%2CSacha+Baron+Cohen%2CMichael+Haneke%2CSteven+Spielberg%2CPaolo+Sorrentino%2CJoshua+Oppenheimer%2CComedy+films%2CFamily+films%2CClaire+Denis%2CTodd+Haynes%2CDavid+Lynch%2CBarry+Jenkins%2CWong+Kar-Wai%2CJonathan+Glazer%2CRichard+Linklater%2CSteve+McQueen%2CPaul+Thomas+Anderson%2CComedy%2COnce+Upon+a+Time+in+Hollywood%2CBright+Star%2CThe+Dark+Knight%2CFahrenheit+9%2F11%2CPrivate+Life%2CCall+Me+By+Your+Name%2CGladiator%2CThe+Hurt+Locker%2CThe+Selfish+Giant%2CGomorrah%2CThe+Wind+That+Shakes+The+Barley%2CNo+Country+for+Old+Men%2CThe+Son%27s+Room%2CStories+We+Tell%2CFish+Tank%2CPersepolis%2COcean%27s+Eleven%2CPhilomena%2CA+Prophet+%28Un+Proph%C3%A8te%29%2CLove+%26+Friendship%2CWaltz+With+Bashir%2CPaddington+2%2CMr+Turner%2CBrokeback+Mountain%2CThe+Incredibles%2CWe+Need+to+Talk+About+Kevin%2CThe+Souvenir%2CTed%2CWuthering+Heights%2CBehind+the+Candelabra%2CThe+Social+Network%2CFire+at+Sea%2CCrouching+Tiger%2C+Hidden+Dragon%2C13th%2CToni+Erdmann%2CThe+Wolf+Of+Wall+Street%2CUnrelated%2CA+Separation%2C45+Years%2CThe+Child%2CGravity%2CAnomalisa%2CLeviathan%2CNebraska%2CThe+Tree+of+Life%2CThe+Grand+Budapest+Hotel%2CGet+Out%2CIda%2CBorat%2CSpirited+Away%2CThe+White+Ribbon%2CRoma%2CLincoln%2CA+Serious+Man%2CThe+Great+Beauty%2CThe+Act+of+Killing%2CSon+of+Saul%2CMulholland+Drive%2CTeam+America%3A+World+Police%2CMoonlight%2CSynecdoche+New+York%2CHidden%2CIn+the+Mood+for+Love%2CUnder+The+Skin%2CBoyhood%2C12+Years+A+Slave%2CThere+Will+Be+Blood%2CL%C3%A1szl%C3%B3+Nemes",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/e3f089bb2f0b3cb8be5b65a7b796d092308a6b3b/0_0_2000_1200/master/2000.png?width=480&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/69637ea4482224096801bdd5f52a1a6734f0a8c3/0_179_3600_2160/master/3600.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/384faecfbbc32859bc269b915a3f1fdeaa60a266/0_329_3089_1708/master/3089.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/0df5b8419da396ca08ed5176d2d0007af1293e44/0_0_3543_2362/master/3543.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/33bbfd0928276f0eb2668dcd0c96349cdb6840e9/0_71_3011_1807/master/3011.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/fe7eaa06e64e052f90472c663ef4d1a93f368c6f/58_0_2247_1348/master/2247.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1a978bb6db2440b122179f5e20713c97d045940d/0_19_2700_1620/master/2700.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/5db285aebf1c99c7ab6ddcfd3a7ca8d2b4eabb2d/0_0_2362_1278/master/2362.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/4b59e1324e54a597722a2d41f43dd1981430b35a/0_534_1555_933/master/1555.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/3d1b975fc9e171c32edbbfa23e81956a63011405/0_0_4368_2912/master/4368.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/597ff50a612cbda48606243310933d372141fc21/0_0_3100_1166/master/3100.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/d6afdfc300b87eb8fa7e3bf956bdb75128fd2806/0_0_2150_1321/master/2150.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/82d6fc26d6a0f269dc4f3a7a387af178306ab62a/0_172_3000_1848/master/3000.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/286cce7ef65ef38e0dc8f59a7b281c9d906586b3/441_0_3372_1741/master/3372.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/c04d7a6a51619248877a5ac33c1b59d0261fb9cc/0_0_1920_1056/master/1920.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/f31bc6fcf6edb8ea2398510fa9433f73c3e1f5c0/0_92_1532_919/master/1532.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/bf0534ae4f5f2280693e3d1250ad926c0c3d55a3/273_79_1647_988/master/1647.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/4d98c81ca24db1f9877f7d6164fd09dfa968ff0d/0_0_2070_1385/master/2070.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/ce120939629f560206c6c5d5783a726bcad03578/0_78_2624_1574/master/2624.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/ad01f9f871c5c7f5900f2a2edbd2adb9ac6d0e4b/0_133_2500_1500/master/2500.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/09740d250cd72020c703ba9732498ada8b3d82d3/0_0_3072_1651/master/3072.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/d2d3e8de8066826e9953f407a0b84a04cce5c88d/0_0_2048_1365/master/2048.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/4485a18de9fda51c1dd814e87fb46b986e97cbdb/249_1_1665_999/master/1665.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/83ab4c93c8c5acf55f9dd1c82681b9315750e695/66_251_2896_1738/master/2896.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/8f671688b1fde95efa022b391db991edecc95717/0_8_5275_2255/master/5275.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/663a2f4ed7882ab04c73d94223e31169068e0c4f/0_6_3504_2329/master/3504.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/38ed2a3324a06802acbeb35ded302526b6255322/84_0_2499_1500/master/2499.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/00ae986d2a27b084cc2c6e8fc81e3cebd301b52f/0_0_2096_1135/master/2096.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/58cc8c6b09ce7703e0ede496aa20592612e707cb/0_324_3741_2286/master/3741.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/bb019aa26662955d045d63f1ca94af04cdeb7ba1/6_6_2971_1783/master/2971.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/b07f4d89136fa37e52ea5a6afe5c24b278293232/0_0_2739_1835/master/2739.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/f6bb1a9e28e6c5e3792b89686fafbd722ca7dc2c/0_0_2000_1331/master/2000.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/7426f88c7db76b428ade39083de9b4d9d5f20df9/0_384_5760_3456/master/5760.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/cbe8f1ad0ed5d8a6769b5094fd0a958586075057/0_0_2400_1593/master/2400.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/c5e3d5218286e521b529de15a9642e962b039c64/0_2048_2427_1456/master/2427.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none",
"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/d64ba90751fb5486ae78a4e26240309c03899760/0_0_3000_2000/master/3000.jpg?width=445&dpr=1&s=none"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Peter Bradshaw",
"Cath Clarke",
"Andrew Pulver",
"Catherine Shoard",
"www.theguardian.com"
] |
2019-09-13T00:00:00
|
Gangsters, superheroes, schoolkids, lovers, slaves, peasants, techies, Tenenbaums and freefalling astronauts – they’re all here in our countdown of cinema’s best movies since 2000
|
en
|
the Guardian
|
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/sep/13/100-best-films-movies-of-the-21st-century
|
100
Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019)
Quentin Tarantino’s latest jaw-dropper bumps Kill Bill: Vol 1 off the list in gloriously irreverent fashion. Leonardo DiCaprio and Brad Pitt star as a fading western star and his mutt-loving stunt double in this relaxed and loving roast of bygone Tinseltown. CS
Read the review
99
Bright Star (2009)
An early lead for Ben Whishaw as the ailing John Keats romancing Fanny Brawne (Abbie Cornish) is the tremulous soul of this underappreciated Jane Campion drama. The butterflies are too tropical for Hampstead, but the rest is spot-on. CS
Read the review
98
The Dark Knight (2008)
The only comic book movie to make the cut is Christopher Nolan’s genre masterpiece: fatalist, bracing and forever the legacy of Heath Ledger, posthumously awarded an Oscar for his terrifying performance. CS
Read the review
97
Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004)
Michael Moore’s finest hour: a blazing juggernaut with George W Bush, the Iraq war, the media, democracy and us, the gullible masses, in its crosshairs. Agitprop, and essential. CS
Read the review
96
Private Life (2018)
Kathryn Hahn and Paul Giamatti struggle to start a family, and to keep their marriage together, in this subtle, funny and often wondrously uncomfortable Netflix comedy written and directed by Tamara Jenkins. CS
Read the review
95
Call Me By Your Name (2017)
Rarely has summer lust been so headily captured as in Luca Guadagnino’s breakout Italian romance. Transformative leads from Timothée Chalamet and Armie Hammer captured the collective imagination; Michael Stuhlbarg gently grounded realities. CS
Read the review
94
Gladiator (2000)
Ridley Scott’s deluxe Roman blockbuster is toga soap turned up to the absolute maximus. Russell Crowe bellows and glowers opposite hyper-evil Joaquin Phoenix and lugubrious Oliver Reed (who died during production). Yet there are many grace notes under the fire and fury. CS
Read the review
93
You, the Living (2007)
The second in Roy Andersson’s trilogy of wackily incisive Swedish vignettes comes at you thick and fast – about 50 micro-sketches, sometimes loosely linked – yet sticks like plasticine beneath your fingernails. CS
Read the review
92
The Hurt Locker (2008)
Kathryn Bigelow’s extraordinary story of a controlled explosions team – headed by a never-better Jeremy Renner – is intense, immersive and impossible to shake. CS
Read the review
91
Etre et Avoir (2002)
Events soured after the shoot but Nicolas Philibert’s sole big hit remains a disarmingly funny study of a graceful and kind schoolteacher caring for a motley crew of under-11s in rural France. CS
Read the review
90
Eden (2014)
Even non-ravers can’t fail to be shaken by Mia Hansen-Løve’s vital tale of love and clubbing, vaguely based on the rise of Daft Punk. Giddy yet gripping. CS
Read the review
89
The Selfish Giant (2013)
Clio Barnard’s second feature doesn’t have the shock of innovation of her verbatim cinema debut, The Arbor, but the story of two lads scrapping around junkyards to escape their homes is a masterpiece of lyrical social realism. CS
Read the review
88
Gomorrah (2008)
Director Matteo Garrone announced himself big-time with this blazing screen treatment of Roberto Saviano’s fearless account of the contemporary activities of Neapolitan mobsters: a thoroughly chilling chronicle of corruption and savagery rendered in tremendous style. AP
Read the review
87
The Wind that Shakes the Barley (2006)
When Ken Loach won the Palme d’Or at Cannes for his film about the Irish rebellion against British rule, the tabloids went on the attack (Daily Mail: “Why Does Ken Loach hate his country so much?”). None of them had actually seen the film, a powerful, compassionate drama starring Cillian Murphy and Padraic Delaney as Republican brothers split by the civil war that followed independence in 1922. CC
Read the review
86
No Country for Old Men (2007)
The Coens’ Cormac McCarthy adaptation is a scorching study of benevolence and evil with rich and weathered turns from Tommy Lee Jones, Josh Brolin and a glossily horrible one from Javier Bardem. CS
Read the review
85
Burning (2018)
One of the recent stream of fine dramas issuing from South Korea, Lee Chang-dong’s adaptation of a Haruki Murakami story is an elusive, unsettling thriller, in which a young writer reconnects with a former schoolfriend, only to find she mysteriously disappears after a trip away. AP
Read the review
84
Tropical Malady (2005)
A young solider and a feral boy fall in love, dance to the Clash then trek to the jungle searching for a shaman dressed up as a tiger. Thai master Apichatpong Weerasethakul’s hypnotic experimentalism has never been bettered; sorry, Uncle Boonmee. CS
Read the review
83
The Son’s Room (2001)
Nanni Moretti’s Palme d’Or-winning drama about a father crippled by grief after the accidental death of his child is not for the faint-hearted. Yet the Italian writer/director/star performs miracles making a movie so wrenching also so hopeful. CS
Read the review
82
Stories We Tell (2012)
Sarah Polley followed Away From Her and Take This Waltz by turning the camera on her own family secrets in this tricksy and compassionate documentary uncovering the true identity of her father. CS
Read the review
81
Fish Tank (2009)
Andrea Arnold’s bad mum high-rise dance tragedy is singular, sensuous and alive with everyday upset. Actor Katie Jarvis took six years off after shooting; roughly the same as audiences needed to recover from the shake it gave, and the sight of Michael Fassbender. CS
Read the review
80
Requiem for a Dream (2000)
Hubert Selby Jr’s lacerating novel that lasers in on the exhilaration and tragedy of addiction is given expansive, stylish treatment by the then-emerging director Darren Aronofsky. Incredibly glamorous and miserably heartbreaking, this film gave notice of Aronofsky’s brilliance. AP
Read the review
79
Persepolis (2007)
Iranian-French director Marjane Satrapi adapted her own graphic novel in this animated fantasy-memoir about a 10-year-old girl growing up in Tehran after the 1979 revolution. A real original, and it still looks unique. AP
Read the review
78
Ocean’s Eleven (2001)
Steven Soderbergh is the Renaissance man of American cinema, and this intricately crafted heist movie – remade from the old Frank Sinatra chestnut – shows him on never-bettered, commercially minded form. George Clooney is at his most Cary Grant-ish as the leader of the crack team of robbers. AP
Read the review
77
Lost in Translation (2003)
Sofia Coppola’s second feature stands up: utterly distinctive, wildly romantic and fleetingly queasy. Scarlett Johannson and Bill Murray are impeccable casting as the unlikely soulmates thrown together in high-rise Tokyo. CS
Read the review
76
Ten (2002)
Iranian director Abbas Kiarostami had already proved himself a master in the late 20th century; this simple but effective piece – featuring a woman driving different people around Tehran – proved he could do it in the 21st. Kiarostami and his star Mania Akbari conjure knotty drama out of a series of conversations about marriage, family, religion and sex. AP
Read the review
75
Philomena (2013)
Stephen Frears brings tonal tact and unobtrusive genius to this wonderfully funny and touching real-life tale of an Irish natterer (Judi Dench) and cynical reporter (Steve Coogan) who demolish red tape and challenge evil nuns to try to find her long-lost son. CS
Read the review
74
A Prophet (2009)
French film-maker Jacques Audiard’s blistering arthouse prison thriller begins with a 19-year-old rookie prisoner (Tahar Rahim) being made an offer he can’t refuse by the mob: execute a police informant or be killed. The murder, a brutal struggle with a razor blade in a six by eight cell, is unforgettable. It’s the start of the kid’s prison education. A film supercharged with edginess. CC
Read the review
73
Love & Friendship (2016)
Whit Stillman, Kate Beckinsale and Chloë Sevigny reunite 20 years after The Last Days of Disco for the most blindingly funny – and faithful - Jane Austen adaptation yet. Spun from her first novel, Lady Susan, this is the tale of an epically bitchy and ambitious widow upending her nearest and dearest. Beckinsale has never been better; Tom Bennett steals the show as the fantastically dim lord lined up for her daughter. CS
Read the review
72
Waltz With Bashir (2008)
Israeli soldier-turned-film-maker Ari Folman’s film is a kind of animated companion to Apocalypse Now, a hallucinatory statement about the trauma of conflict and the madness of war. It’s an autobiographical documentary, Folman interviewing the men he fought alongside, aged 19, in the first Lebanon war of 1982. He has repressed his memories of the time. The film’s climax is the massacre of Palestinian refugees by Christian Phalangists at the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps. CC
Read the review
71
Capernaum (2018)
A sprawling drama that functions both as an excoriating treatise on the nature of poverty in Lebanon, and an idiosyncratic drama in which a child takes his parents to court for their ill-treatment of him. We tend to think of the latter type of juvenile emancipation as the province of overprivileged westerners, but director Nadine Labaki makes it work in the toughest of social circumstances: a 12-year-old, living in the Beirut slums, takes steps to deal with his parents’ neglect. A highly original and affecting film. AP
Read the review
70
Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy (2004)
Such was the glut of Judd Apatow-ish comedies to come our way about 10 years ago that it’s easy to forget what a gem this is; how deep and weird the performances (stand up, Steve Carell), how fast the laughs and rich the detail. CS
Read the review
69
Paddington 2 (2017)
Hugh Grant recently called this the best film in which he’s ever been involved – and he might well be right. Paul King did the unthinkable and made a sequel to his insta-classic yet more charming, inventive and across-the-generations entertaining. CS
Read the review
68
Mr Turner (2014)
Passed over by the British and American film academies – though Timothy Spall’s glorious grunting lead was rightly recognised by Cannes – Mike Leigh’s painter biopic is meticulous, moving and still underappreciated. CS
Read the review
67
Dogtooth (2009)
Yorgos Lanthimos’s debut film was the only one, in the end, to make our list; its tonal idiosyncrasy and battily unsettling story and performances just edging out Alps, The Lobster and The Favourite. CS
Read the review
66
Brokeback Mountain (2005)
Ang Lee’s romance missed out to Crash for the best picture Oscar, but its legacy as a five-hankie ode to doomed romance lives on. Jake Gyllenhaal and Heath Ledger star as the farmhands whose love survives marriages, years of separation – and even death. CS
Read the review
65
Happy as Lazzaro (2018)
A beautiful, strange dream of a film, Italian director Alice Rohrwacher’s drama looks at first as if it’s set sometime in the dim and distant, a portrait of villagers exploited by feudal oppression. But no, there’s a mobile phone. OK, a flip-phone, but this is modern rural Italy. Well, the first half, anyway. After that, it’s complicated, with a flight into magic realism or perhaps even reincarnation. CC
Read the review
64
The Incredibles (2004)
The Guardian’s Peter Bradshaw ranked The Incredibles as Pixar’s best ever film, the jewel in the crown. And only Pixar could make a superhero movie for kids about a midlife crisis. Mr Incredible is living in suburbia with his family after one lawsuit too many. Edna Mode, fashion designer to the supers, is an utter delight: “This is a hobo suit, dahlin, you can’t be seen in it!” CC
Read the review
63
We Need to Talk about Kevin (2011)
Lynne Ramsay didn’t soften the blows adapting Lionel Shriver’s bestselling novel about a Columbine-style high-school massacre. A what-if feminist parable, this is a movie that thinks the unthinkable: what if a mother doesn’t like her child, or even love him? And the casting is killer, with Ezra Miller as Kevin and Tilda Swinton playing the mother. It’s a bruising watch, but Ramsay makes it’s impossible to turn away. CC
Read the review
62
Waiting for Happiness (2002)
Malian director Abderrahmane Sissako won a lot of admirers for this slow-burn study of life in a west African town. Returning to Mauritania, his country of birth, Sissako puts together a string of vignettes and encounters, linked together by a returning, westernised student who can barely remember the local language. AP
Read the review
61
The Souvenir (2019)
Joanna Hogg’s belated international breakthrough is a story of extraordinary specificity – young Hogg has disastrous affair while living in Knightsbridge and studying as a film student in the early 1980s – with rare cut-through and relatability. Honor Swinton Byrne is astonishing in her first film; Tom Burke inch-perfect as the charming but parasitic older man. CS
Read the review
60
Ted (2012)
Seth MacFarlane’s brief ascent to the Hollywood firmament was down to this scabrously funny talking-bear farce, which helped reinvent the grossout comedy. Mark Wahlberg is great as the straight man to the foul-mouthed toy of the title, with Mila Kunis as his censorious fiancee. MacFarlane’s creation was simultaneously endearing and outrageous. AP
Read the review
59
Gangs of Wasseypur (2012)
Mammoth two-part Indian crime film that’s a long, long way from Bollywood. Directed by Anurag Kashyap, this is conceived on a giant scale, as generations of three gangster families fight for supremacy over the course of half a century. Stylish, visceral film-making, violent and hard-hitting, it’s got a valid claim to be India’s answer to The Godfather. AP
Read the review
58
Wuthering Heights (2011)
Andrea Arnold tossed out the costume drama rulebook with her raw, passionate retelling of Emily Brontë’s novel. I’d argue the case for Wuthering Heights as one of the most criminally underrated movies of recent years – though it’s been influential, blazing a trail for stripped-back period movies such as Lady Macbeth. Arnold was an early adopter of inclusive casting, too, giving the role of Heathcliff to black actor James Howson. CC
Read the review
57
Leave No Trace (2018)
It took Winter’s Bone’s Debra Granik eight years to get this off the ground, but was worth the wait: a brilliantly moving eco drama with Ben Foster and Thomasin McKenzie as a father and daughter living off grid in an Oregon forest, but whose relationship and priorities are changed as the child begins the transition to adulthood. AP
Read the review
56
Behind the Candelabra (2013)
Relegated to telly in the US, Steven Soderbergh’s wondrously funny and lavish Liberace biopic had a cinema release in the UK. Michael Douglas cast vanity aside and caution to the wind with virtuosic results as the promiscuous ivories-tickler; Matt Damon was terrific against type as his lover, Rob Lowe pinched and uproarious as their much-employed cosmetic surgeon. CS
Read the review
55
Russian Ark (2002)
Groundbreaking single-shot paean to the Winter Palace in St Petersburg from Russian director Alexander Sokurov. Exploiting then newly developed video technology, Sokurov crafted an elaborately choreographed procession of tableaux and set pieces that explored three centuries of Russian history and culture, from the imperial era to the wartime siege of Leningrad. AP
Read the review
54
The Social Network (2010)
After the Cambridge Analytica revelations, the treachery and backstabbery in Aaron Sorkin and David Fincher’s Facebook origin tale looks positively quaint – the geeks and nerds fighting over who had the idea for Facebook first. Nevertheless, this is still an outrageously watchable hatchet job. Jesse Eisenberg is a knockout Mark Zuckerberg, the smartest guy in the room (though not sartorially, in flip-flops and a hoodie). CC
Read the review
53
Fire at Sea (2016)
A beautifully shot observational documentary about the continuing humanitarian crisis in the Mediterranean: the lethally dangerous boats that carry refugees from Africa and end up on the Italian island of Lampedusa. Shot by director Gianfranco Rosi with an evocative lyricism that sits in counterpoint to the blazing anger at the film’s heart. AP
Read the review
52
A film that grabs you by the neck and shakes hard, this brutal crime drama announced the Mexican director Alejandro González Iñárritu as a major new talent in 2000. (And lumbered him for the while with the label “Mexico’s Tarantino”.) A film of mayhem and fury, three stories intersect around a car crash in which one of the passengers is a champion fighting dog. CC
Read the review
51
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000)
Western audiences unfamiliar with the wuxia martial arts genre had never seen anything like Ang Lee’s dazzling 18th-century-set epic in 2000 – fighters flying through the air with balletic grace. In the most exhilarating scene, the daughter of a regional governor (Ziyi Zhang) goes sword-to-sword with a famous warrior (Chow Yun-fat) in the branches of bamboo trees swaying high above the ground. CC
Read the review
50
Before Sunset (2004)
In Richard Linklater’s gorgeous, romantic Before Sunrise, a pair of twentysomethings (Julie Delpy and Ethan Hawke) spent the day together in Vienna. Here in the second movie when they meet again in Paris for another brief encounter, they are in their 30s. So the questions are for grownups. Am I with the right person? Where did my life go? It also has the best line ever about being in a couple with small children: “I feel like I’m running a small nursery with someone I used to date.” CC
Read the review
49
24 Hour Party People (2002)
Michael Winterbottom and Steve Coogan’s truth-tickling hit a high note with this joyful sorta-biopic of the record label boss and broadcaster Tony Wilson. Playful, ingenious and prodigiously informative, it’s a triumph of vision over verite. It’s also a total blast. CS
Read the review
48
The House of Mirth (2000)
Terence Davies utilised Gillian Anderson’s poised elegance to good advantage in this brilliantly controlled adaptation of the Edith Wharton novel. Anderson plays Lily Bart, the woman whose reputation and standing are gradually sullied until she becomes an unmarriageable outcast in end of 19th-century America. AP
Read the review
47
Margaret (2011)
Here’s another dark American tale from Manchester by the Sea writer-director Kenneth Lonergan (Margaret was completed in 2007 but only released in 2011 after a wrangle with the studio). Set in post 9/11 New York, Anna Paquin is an overentitled teenager partly responsible for a tragic accident. As in Manchester by the Sea, the effect is shattering; it is like watching actual lives fall apart. CC
Read the review
46
Volver (2006)
Arguably Penélope Cruz’s finest performance, in one of Pedro Almodóvar’s key films: a heady stew of murder, family strife and supernatural shenanigans. Cruz plays a woman forced to kill and bury her ex-husband, while her dead mother appears to be haunting her hairdresser sister. All is resolved after various traumas are lanced. AP
Read the review
45
13th (2016)
Intense, anger-driven documentary from Ava DuVernay on the racialisation of the US’s justice system, positing the idea that the massively disproportionate incarceration of African-American men is simply slavery by another name. With a title referring to the constitutional amendment that abolished slavery, DuVernay suggests that privatised prisons, cheap labour and light-touch capitalism are all in it together. Tough stuff. AP
Read the review
44
Toni Erdmann (2016)
A knockout blow for the lazy, patronising stereotype that Germans don’t have a sense of humour, Maren Ade’s Toni Erdmann is one of the funniest films to hit (arthouse) cinemas in years. It’s the story of a workaholic management consultant (Sandra Hüller) whose embarrassing dad turns up unannounced for the weekend wearing joke-shop false teeth. A genuine one-off, the film is partly a satire on Europe, globalisation and workplace misogyny, as well as being a prickly sweet father-daughter movie. CC
Read the review
43
The Wolf of Wall Street (2013)
Possibly the most fun anyone’s had at the cinema so far this century, Martin Scorsese’s The Wolf of Wall Street ought to be a cautionary tale. It’s based on the autobiography of crooked stockbroker Jordan Belfort, convicted in 1999 for fraud and money-laundering. But why focus on regret, when there are hookers, drugs and fast cars? Leonardo DiCaprio is outrageously entertaining as Belfort. CC
Read the review
42
4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days (2007)
The film whose Palme d’Or win heralded the arrival of a new wave of Romanian cinema. A young woman, helped by her friend, arranges an illegal abortion in the late 80s; the squalid events that follow parallel the decay and chaos of the country as the communist dictatorship began to collapse. Harrowing but clear-sighted. AP
Read the review
41
The Handmaiden (2016)
The Handmaiden is one of cinema’s great literary adaptations: Park Chan-wook transposes Sarah Waters’s crime novel Fingersmith from Victorian London to Korea in the 1930s. In this most twisted of love stories, a pickpocket (Kim Tae-ri) poses as maid to a wealthy heiress (Kim Min-hee). But who is the double-crosser? Depending on your tastes, a candidate for sexiest film of the century. CC
Read the review
40
Unrelated (2007)
At the age of 47, after a career directing TV soaps such as Casualty and EastEnders, Joanna Hogg reinvented herself as auteur of a new breed of cinema. In her feature debut, Unrelated, Kathryn Worth played a fortyish woman holidaying in Tuscany with two dysfunctional families and flirting outrageously with one of the lads (Tom Hiddleston in his first movie). A cinema of awkwardness, wielding a scalpel on the well-to-do middle classes, was born. CC
Read the review
39
Meek’s Cutoff (2010)
Kelly Reichardt is a master of slow cinema, the maker of films about American outsiders, living without a safety net. Meek’s Cutoff is a western set in 1840s Oregon, following three families on the wagon train west. Their leader is show-offy Stephen Meek (Bruce Greenwood), but Reichardt’s focus, as is customary for her, is on the women – a trio played by Michelle Williams, Zoe Kazan and Shirley Henderson. CC
Read the review
38
Once Upon a Time in Anatolia (2011)
Here’s a police procedural with a difference by the Turkish director Nuri Bilge Ceylan – the whodunnit and why playing second fiddle to long stretches of silence. It’s set in rural Turkey where officials are spending the night driving a murder suspect around looking for a body. What they find, however, is mostly existential despair. Not exactly easy viewing, but it’s a masterpiece of slow cinema. CC
Read the review
37
Dogville (2003)
Lars von Trier’s Brechtian parable about coercive capitalism remains arguably the Danish provocateur’s masterpiece. Nicole Kidman and Paul Bettany both excel in this study of a woman on the run from gangsters who is offered shelter in a small town in return for undertaking chores. Von Trier’s use of stylised, floor-painted sets is the inspired final touch. AP
Read the review
36
A Separation (2011)
The film begins with a couple in front of a judge asking for a divorce. She wants to leave Iran and take their daughter. He cannot go; his elderly father is sick. Everyone behaves badly in Asghar Farhadi’s desperately painful family drama. Farhadi’s superpower is empathy, making the audience see all points of view. He lays depth charges in seemingly inconsequential moments with emotionally thrilling consequences. CC
Read the review
35
45 Years (2015)
British director Andrew Haigh’s quietly devastating drama is a deeply moving portrait of marriage with the shiver of a ghost story. Charlotte Rampling and Tom Courtenay play a Norfolk couple planning their 45th wedding anniversary. A week before the party, a letter lands on their doormat like a hand grenade with news of his early lost love. Rampling is sensational. CC
Read the review
34
The Child (L’Enfant, 2002)
The Dardenne brothers’ second Palme d’Or was bestowed on this stark portrait of underclass desperation, filmed in their characteristic hyper-naturalist manner. Jérémie Renier plays a petty criminal who sells his newborn baby in the adoption black market, but his devastated girlfriend’s response forces a kind of redemption. AP
Read the review
33
The Royal Tenenbaums (2001)
Probably most Wes Anderson-y of Wes Anderson’s films and certainly his finest, with a to-die-for cast and the best fur coat in the history of cinema. Gwyneth Paltrow, Luke Wilson and Ben Stiller are the Tenenbaum siblings, all former child prodigies. The brilliance has faded. Who’s to blame? Enter paterfamilias Royal Tenenbaum (Gene Hackman), a man who consoles his grieving grandsons with: “I’m sorry for your loss. Your mother was a terribly attractive woman.” CC
Read the review
32
Gravity (2013)
If we are living through a golden age of space movies, here’s where it started, Alfonso Cuarón’s spectacular thriller, shot with unbearable tension and Discovery Channel realism. Sandra Bullock is the rookie astronaut with George Clooney by her side, a living, breathing Buzz Lightyear. When a storm of debris hits the pair, a terrifying fight for survival ensues. Astoundingly good. CC
Read the review
31
Anomalisa (2015)
Charlie Kaufman’s existential breakdown with stop-motion puppets is a miniature masterpiece of concept and execution. David Thewlis voices the depressed motivational speaker to whom everyone sounds the same – except for Jennifer Jason Leigh’s scarred sales agent. “What is it to be human?” asks Michael Stone (Thewlis). “To ache?” Few films try to answer: this Fabergé egg of a film does. CS
Read the review
30
Leviathan (2014)
The hardest-drinking movie on our list - with some stiff competition - Andrey Zvyagintsev’s anti-Putin polemic is brilliant, ballsy and completely sozzled. Our hero fisherman is forced from his home so that the corrupt local mayor can build his own palace on the site. A priest speaks of “reawakening the soul of the Russian people” as their spirits lie crushed at his feet. Corruption is so endemic, these people have even lost God. This is the most almighty achievement. CS
Read the review
29
Nebraska (2013)
Bruce Dern discards his marbles on a windmill-tilting road trip with loving but frustrated son Will Forte. Alexander Payne’s black-and-white ode to small-town America is his best this century (Sideways has not aged like a fine wine). It also features June Squibb being completely filthy. CS
Read the review
28
The Tree of Life (2011)
Terrence Malick’s return to cinema six years after The New World has been vaguely tainted by the slew of woozy filmic xeroxes that have followed, but his first comeback – in which Brad Pitt and Jessica Chastain stand in for his parents in 1950s Texas – is a choking knockout. CS
Read the review
27
The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014)
Just nudging Gene Hackman’s Tenenbaum clan down the list, Wes Anderson’s glorious 1930s confection is a delight with a hard nugget of politics at its core. Ralph Fiennes’s central turn as charming concierge M Gustave, all beneficent sex and abashed camp, remains the man’s finest hour. CS
Read the review
26
A One and a Two (Yi Yi, 2000)
Edward Yang’s final film is a delicate domestic miracle: the story of one family seen through the perspectives of the father, the son and the daughter. A wedding begins proceedings, a funeral ends them. The stuff in the middle is the everyday, dissected with rare beauty and gravity. CS
Read the review
25
Get Out (2017)
Jordan Peele’s debut is a perfect, hard-polished gem of a film. A race satire that skewers beautifully, it’s also a chilling comedy, a proper horror and 104 minutes of complete entertainment. CS Read the review
24
Ida (2013)
Brief as a dream and just as devastating, Paweł Pawlikowski’s black and white story of a novice nun on a road trip with her aunt in 1962 Poland to discover the fate of her Jewish parents is spare, shocking and utterly unforgettable. CS
Read the review
23
Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan (2006)
Still Sacha Baron Cohen’s finest moment, a feature-length upscaling of his ludicrously hilarious TV character, whose purpose is to sucker the unsuspecting into condemning themselves out of their own mouths. Borat is on a trip in the US to try to marry Pamela Anderson; not everything works, but when it does it’s astounding: cruelly revelatory and hysterically funny at the same time. AP
Read the review
22
Spirited Away (2001)
Hayao Miyazaki’s wondrous animation, the greatest success of a spectacular run from Japan’s Studio Ghibli. A gentle, mysterious fable about a 10-year-old girl whose family stumble upon a haunted bathhouse. After her parents are turned into pigs, she works to lift the curse, encountering a variety of spirit-world beings along the way. AP
Read the review
21
The White Ribbon (2009)
Michael Haneke won his first Palme d’Or with this chilling, steel-hard parable set in Germany just before the first world war. The inhabitants of a small village are dogged by mysterious, violent incidents that serve mostly to exacerbate the dysfunctional social codes they all live by – and elliptically suggests the moral climate that evolved into Nazism. AP
Read the review
20
Roma (2018)
Despite lingering controversy over its adoption by Netflix in its war with the film industry, Roma still stands as an absolutely major work. Mexican auteur Alfonso Cuarón returned to the Mexico City of his childhood, telling the story of a middle-class family and their nanny-cum-maid in swooning, lyrical black and white. Part memoir, part elegaic fiction, Cuaron hit the heights with this. AP
Read the review
19
Lincoln (2012)
Steven Spielberg’s portrait of the great US president looked at the time like a history lesson come to life: graced by a monumental, Oscar-winning performance by Daniel Day-Lewis, it detailed the arm-twisting and chicanery behind the passing of his slave-freeing constitutional amendment. These days, it looks like a fantasy: a president with principles: who’d have thought? AP
Read the review
18
A Serious Man (2009)
The Coen brothers don’t really do personal, but this is as close as they’ve got (so far). Set in their home town of Minneapolis in the late 60s, A Serious Man stars Michael Stuhlbarg as an academic whose life is roiled by continuing uncertainty and self-doubt – triggering repeat visits to his rabbis, a marriage breakdown and extended interactions with his oddball brother. AP
Read the review
17
The Great Beauty (2013)
The Young Pope director Paolo Sorrentino crafted this swooningly beautiful love letter to Rome – “la grande bellezza” – in its decadent, jaded glory. Toni Servillo, Sorrentino’s regular onscreen foil, plays journalist Jep Gambardella, a bon viveur beginning to sense the dying of his personal light, and hunting out meaning and substance in the world around him. AP
Read the review
16
The Act of Killing (2012)
An extraordinary documentary about the wave of barbaric killings that swept Indonesia in the mid-60s. Orchestrated by director Joshua Oppenheimer, this film revisits the perpetrators of some horrific events and asks them – with little need for encouragement – to re-enact them. The result is almost unwatchable: the murderers’ glee at performing, and the remorse they may or may not experience as a result. AP
Read the review
15
Shoplifters (2018)
Japanese director Hirokazu Kore-eda won the Palme d’Or for this exquisitely turned drama that – like much of Kore-eda’s previous output – explores what it is to be a family in entirely non-conventional circumstances. A shoplifting gang take in a young girl who seems abandoned; how they hang together – or not – is the film’s key theme. AP
Read the review
14
White Material (2009)
One of Isabelle Huppert’s finest performances, and that’s saying something. Director Claire Denis drew on her own upbringing in colonial west Africa to give this study of a hard-as-nails plantation owner a pungent whiff of authenticity. Huppert is Maria, obsessed with getting in the coffee harvest as a violent civil conflict moves ever closer. Saddled with an untrustworthy husband and an erratic son, it’s all she can do to survive. AP
Read the review
13
Far From Heaven (2002)
From director Todd Haynes, this is pastiche at its most brilliantly acute. Haynes takes the bold, vivid melodrama beloved of Douglas Sirk, and reconfigures it to fully reveal the social faultlines of race, sex and class that were considerably more latent in the original. A beautifully crafted act of ancestor worship. AP
Read the review
12
Son of Saul (2015)
Brutally visceral fable that plunges the viewer headlong into the all-encompassing horror of a Nazi extermination camp. Shot in remorseless, unforgiving close-up by first time Hungarian director László Nemes, the story of a Jewish prison-camp worker whose job it is to help clear the gas chamber of corpses is cinema at its absolute rawest. AP
Read the review
11
Mulholland Drive (2001)
A magisterial achievement from David Lynch, despite the difficulties he had getting it off the ground. Originally conceived as the pilot of a new TV series, this expertly fuses Lynch’s softcore pulp obsessions with his trademark creepy surrealism. Naomi Watts was the big discovery here: she plays a wannabe actor who midway seems to switch personalities with another, more jaded one. AP
Read the review
10
Team America: World Police (2004)
The most audacious slaughter of sacred cows seen on celluloid, Matt Stone and Trey Parker’s marionette action-musical is a gleeful hail of precision-aimed bullets. It’s totally fearless: pops are taken at Hollywood, Broadway, evil dictators, gung-ho superpowers, the intelligence service, bleeding heart liberals, actors – especially actors – before signing off with a devastating, if obscene, defence of US interventionism. Politically, it’s scattergun; satirically, it’s spot-on. Mostly, though, it’s just ferociously funny, even if most of the humour does, finally, come from the sight of the 2ft puppets tottering around, getting drunk, having wild sex, attempting to walk through doorways and wrestling panthers played by kittens. CS
Read the review
9
Zama (2017)
An official working for the Spanish crown descends into madness while waiting for a transfer out of his backwater post in 18th-century Paraguay in Lucrecia Martel’s fevered historical drama. Like a disorienting dream, it’s a film of fragments, moments that worm their way into your memory – a slave limping with flayed feet, a llama barging into frame during an uncomfortable meeting. Daniel Giménez Cacho is petty, wretched Zama, clinging to his white man’s sense of importance (and his ill-fitting periwig), a symptom of colonial rot. Martel has been called “the Malick of Latin American cinema” but this feels closer to Herzog. A strange masterpiece. CC
Read the review
8
Moonlight (2016)
The triumph of Barry Jenkins’s coming-of-age tale over La La Land for the best picture Oscar was extraordinary in all sorts of ways, of which Faye Dunaway’s envelope mixup was maybe the least remarkable. It was the first film with an all-black cast as well as with an LGBTQ theme to scoop the prize – and it must also rank as one of the most visually and tonally ambitious: told in three parts, with three different leads, each showing the stages of repression and internalised loathing in the young life of a Miami man. It’s simply revelatory: innovative, wildly affecting, utterly beautiful. CS
Read the review
7
Synecdoche, New York (2008)
After a string of brilliant, industry-transforming scripts, Charlie Kaufman made his directorial debut with this complex, convoluted drama, starring Philip Seymour Hoffman as theatre director Caden Cotard, who is swamped by personal crises as he works on his dream project: building an ever-expanding replica of the city streets and buildings inside a giant warehouse, and populating it with lookalikes; the blurred boundary between performance and reality is mirrored in Cotard’s own breakdown, with the title giving the big clue – this is all symbolic. AP
Read the review
6
Hidden (2005)
Having made his name as one of the pioneers of ordeal arthouse with unflinching chronicles of trauma and cruelty, Austrian auteur Michael Haneke achieved a unlikely popular success with this film that connected with France’s deep well of unease about events of the relatively recent past. Daniel Auteuil plays a successful TV host whose contentment is disturbed by the arrival of mysterious surveillance tapes. This seems to be connected with a young Algerian boy whose parents were apparently killed in the infamous 1961 Paris massacre. Haneke ratchets up the tension with an unerring sense of dread and dismay. AP
Read the review
5
In the Mood for Love (2000)
Has there ever been a more beautiful couple in the history of cinema than Tony Leung and Maggie Cheung in Wong Kar-Wai’s smouldering love story In the Mood for Love? Not that they’re a couple, technically. It’s 1962. Chow (Tony Leung) and Li-zhen (Maggie Cheung) move in next door to each other in a cramped Hong Kong block of flats. His wife is having an affair – with her husband. The cheated-on pair become friends, but vow not to behave badly. Like Brief Encounter, the film aches with the understanding that impossible love makes for a more romantic movie. It’s gorgeously detailed, drenched in sensuality – a scene in which the two squeeze past each other in a narrow alleyway by night has a humid sexiness. CC Read the review
4
Under the Skin (2013)
Jonathan Glazer’s first film in nearly a decade (and still his most recent) turned out to be an uncategorisable masterwork. Scarlett Johansson plays an alien in human form, trawling the streets of Glasgow for unsuspecting males to “take home” – in fact, using them as a food source. From its unnerving alien-POV sequences, to the empathetic scene with actor Adam Pearson (who has neurofibromatosis), to the sheer coldness of the predatory logic of its central figure, Under the Skin achieves a mood and texture unlike anything else before or since. AP Read the review
3
Boyhood (2014)
Twelve years in the shooting, Richard Linklater’s story of a child’s life between six and 18 is a vindication of artistic ambition in an age of cinematic snacking. Its downside is to ruin almost every single other film for you – at least all those in which the actors are conspicuously aged up or down. In watching the bonafide progress of Ellar Coltrane – as well as Patricia Arquette and Ethan Hawke as his parents – Boyhood provides its audience with an intimacy and an investment like no other. This is cinema as gentle revolution. CS
Read the review
2
12 Years a Slave (2013)
Steve McQueen’s real-life story of Solomon Northup, a free man kidnapped and sold into slavery in 19th-century Louisiana, exudes all of the dignity, impatience and artistic fidelity of its director. It is perfectly cast and paced, endlessly surprising, uncompromising and compassionate: a story purely and powefully told, yet full of the extraordinary visual grace notes. It never descends into cliche or even self-pity; it remains a film for adults, uninterested in anything but the truth. To read Northup’s 1853 memoir is to be astonished by the film’s fidelity. CS
Read the review
1
There Will Be Blood (2007)
Paul Thomas Anderson’s strange masterpiece, freely adapted by him from Upton Sinclair’s 1927 novel Oil!, has a dark title that threatens a calamity now visible on the horizon: destruction of the Earth itself. And it is all inscribed in the story of the movie’s leading character, a man with the Bunyanesque name of Daniel Plainview. Daniel Day-Lewis gives perhaps the greatest, certainly the most exotic performance of his career as an oil prospector in the early 20th century, rewarded with colossal wealth that never gives him the smallest pleasure.
The movie perhaps looks even stranger, starker and more unforgiving now than it did in 2007 when it first came out. But from 2016, there has been a raging Plainview in plain sight in the White House: Trump, the eccentric property billionaire and spoilt baby whose cranky tweets are as crazy as Plainview’s deranged “milkshake” pronouncement. What a spectacle Anderson and Day-Lewis create: a portrait of male belligerence and fear, a Tutankhamun of misery, walled up in his own sarcophagus of wealth and prestige. PB
Read the full review
Number 90 of this list was amended on 16 September 2019 to correct the year the film Eden was released to 2014, from 2012 as an earlier version said. Number 91 was amended to correct a misspelling of the last name of Nicolas Philibert as Philbert.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 35
|
https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/2013/07/salman-khan-upcoming-movies-2013-2015.html
|
en
|
Salman Khan Upcoming Movies 2024,2025,2026 List & Release Dates
|
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GK3JFy0XAAE7VtW?format=jpg&name=120x120
|
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GK3JFy0XAAE7VtW?format=jpg&name=120x120
|
[
"https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/1512307_10152400356226610_5206343185719396059_n-1.jpg",
"https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/1512307_10152400356226610_5206343185719396059_n-1.jpg",
"https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/1512307_10152400356226610_5206343185719396059_n-1.jpg",
"https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GK3JFy0XAAE7VtW?format=jpg&name=120x120",
"https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/220px-Salmanrampwalk-1.jpg",
"https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/220px-Salmanrampwalk-1.jpg",
"https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/220px-Salmanrampwalk-1.jpg",
"https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/220px-Salmanrampwalk-1.jpg",
"https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/220px-Salmanrampwalk-1.jpg",
"https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Tiger-3-Movie-Review-1-768x576.jpg",
"https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/kisi_ka_bhai_kisi_ki_jaan-movie-review-1.jpg",
"https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Godfather_Telugu_poster.jpeg",
"https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Antim-_The_Final_Truth.jpg",
"https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/1512307_10152400356226610_5206343185719396059_n-1.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Anupama Jha"
] |
2024-06-05T13:58:57+05:30
|
list of New and Latest Salman Khan Upcoming Movies 2024, 2025 along with release dates for Hindi Movies
|
en
|
Bollymoviereviewz
|
https://www.bollymoviereviewz.com/2013/07/salman-khan-upcoming-movies-2013-2015.html
|
Salman Khan Upcoming Movies 2024,2025,2026 List
Here is the list of New and Latest Salman Khan Upcoming Movies 2024,2025,2026 along with release dates for Hindi Movies this list is subject to changes as it depends on censor certification. This list also contains heroines details wherever available.
Movie Name
Release Dates
Heroines
Sikandar Eid 2025 Kareena The Bull( Dharma’s next) 2025 Not Final Mirgudas Action Movie 2025 Not Final Sooraj Barjatiya (Prem ki Shaadi) 2025 Not Final Tiger vs Pathaan 2026 Katrina Kaif Dabangg 4 2026 Not Final
Lsit of Recently released Latest Salman Khan Movies
Movie Name
Release Dates
Heroines
Tiger Zinda Hai 3 12 Nov, 2023 Katrina Kaif Kisi Ka Bhai Kisi Ki Jaan Apr 21 , 2023 Pooja Hegde Godfather Oct 5 , 2022 Guest Appearance Antim: The Final Truth Nov 26, 2021 Mahima Makwana
Also Try:
Salman Khan Net Worth
Salman Khan Box Office Analysis
Salman Khan on Kofee with Karan
Shahrukh Khan Upcoming Movies
Akshay Kumar Upcoming Movies
Aamir Khan Upcoming Movies
Ranbir Kapoor Upcoming Movies
Hrithik Roshan Upcoming Movies
Top 10 Bollywood Movies 2013
Box Office Collection
Latest Bollywood Movies
Upcoming Movies
|
|||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 60
|
https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/science-inc-mediating-stephen-hawking
|
en
|
Science, INC: On Mediating Stephen Hawking
|
https://lareviewofbooks-media.azureedge.net/unsafe/1200x0/filters:format(jpeg):quality(75)/null
|
https://lareviewofbooks-media.azureedge.net/unsafe/1200x0/filters:format(jpeg):quality(75)/null
|
[
"https://lareviewofbooks-media.azureedge.net/unsafe/640x0/filters:format(jpeg):quality(75)/https%3A%2F%2Fassets.lareviewofbooks.org%2Fuploads%2Fbest-of-larb-inbox.jpg 640w, https://lareviewofbooks-media.azureedge.net/unsafe/750x0/filters:format(jpeg):quality(75)/https%3A%2F%2Fassets.lareviewofbooks.org%2Fuploads%2Fbest-of-larb-inbox.jpg 750w, https://lareviewofbooks-media.azureedge.net/unsafe/828x0/filters:format(jpeg):quality(75)/https%3A%2F%2Fassets.lareviewofbooks.org%2Fuploads%2Fbest-of-larb-inbox.jpg 828w, https://lareviewofbooks-media.azureedge.net/unsafe/1080x0/filters:format(jpeg):quality(75)/https%3A%2F%2Fassets.lareviewofbooks.org%2Fuploads%2Fbest-of-larb-inbox.jpg 1080w, https://lareviewofbooks-media.azureedge.net/unsafe/1200x0/filters:format(jpeg):quality(75)/https%3A%2F%2Fassets.lareviewofbooks.org%2Fuploads%2Fbest-of-larb-inbox.jpg 1200w, https://lareviewofbooks-media.azureedge.net/unsafe/1920x0/filters:format(jpeg):quality(75)/https%3A%2F%2Fassets.lareviewofbooks.org%2Fuploads%2Fbest-of-larb-inbox.jpg 1920w, https://lareviewofbooks-media.azureedge.net/unsafe/2048x0/filters:format(jpeg):quality(75)/https%3A%2F%2Fassets.lareviewofbooks.org%2Fuploads%2Fbest-of-larb-inbox.jpg 2048w, https://lareviewofbooks-media.azureedge.net/unsafe/3840x0/filters:format(jpeg):quality(75)/https%3A%2F%2Fassets.lareviewofbooks.org%2Fuploads%2Fbest-of-larb-inbox.jpg 3840w",
"https://lareviewofbooks-media.azureedge.net/unsafe/640x0/filters:format(jpeg):quality(75)/https%3A%2F%2Fassets.lareviewofbooks.org%2Fuploads%2FLARB42_D2_Cover%20(1).jpg 640w, https://lareviewofbooks-media.azureedge.net/unsafe/750x0/filters:format(jpeg):quality(75)/https%3A%2F%2Fassets.lareviewofbooks.org%2Fuploads%2FLARB42_D2_Cover%20(1).jpg 750w, https://lareviewofbooks-media.azureedge.net/unsafe/828x0/filters:format(jpeg):quality(75)/https%3A%2F%2Fassets.lareviewofbooks.org%2Fuploads%2FLARB42_D2_Cover%20(1).jpg 828w, https://lareviewofbooks-media.azureedge.net/unsafe/1080x0/filters:format(jpeg):quality(75)/https%3A%2F%2Fassets.lareviewofbooks.org%2Fuploads%2FLARB42_D2_Cover%20(1).jpg 1080w, https://lareviewofbooks-media.azureedge.net/unsafe/1200x0/filters:format(jpeg):quality(75)/https%3A%2F%2Fassets.lareviewofbooks.org%2Fuploads%2FLARB42_D2_Cover%20(1).jpg 1200w, https://lareviewofbooks-media.azureedge.net/unsafe/1920x0/filters:format(jpeg):quality(75)/https%3A%2F%2Fassets.lareviewofbooks.org%2Fuploads%2FLARB42_D2_Cover%20(1).jpg 1920w, https://lareviewofbooks-media.azureedge.net/unsafe/2048x0/filters:format(jpeg):quality(75)/https%3A%2F%2Fassets.lareviewofbooks.org%2Fuploads%2FLARB42_D2_Cover%20(1).jpg 2048w, https://lareviewofbooks-media.azureedge.net/unsafe/3840x0/filters:format(jpeg):quality(75)/https%3A%2F%2Fassets.lareviewofbooks.org%2Fuploads%2FLARB42_D2_Cover%20(1).jpg 3840w"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2015-01-10T16:00:03+00:00
|
Stephen Hawking teaches us how human beings make science together.
|
/icons/favicon/favicon.ico
|
Los Angeles Review of Books
|
https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/science-inc-mediating-stephen-hawking
|
HE LOOKS OUT AT US from the book jacket like a being descended from the stars. His oversized head is pale against the darkness, his eyes heavily lidded behind the glass frames. His expression is care-worn but benign. Behind his shoulders, the twin peaks of his chair rise like the folded wings of a pterodactyl or some dark angel. His withered hands rest on his lap. This is how Stephen Hawking, the famous physicist who suffers from ALS, appears on the American cover of his best-selling book A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes. Not only is it a best seller, but the best-selling book in the history of science.
The book is as slender as its title promises. Yet it claims to tell a big history, one that runs from the origin of the universe to the terminus of all things. (Those infamous black holes may presage a Big Crunch.) Ten million copies have been sold since the book appeared in 1988 — or as Hawking himself once put it, one for every 750 people in the world. Undoubtedly a smaller percentage of buyers have actually read it, and presumably a still smaller portion understood it. Does this matter?
Perhaps it is sufficient that a representative of our species — albeit an unusual one, with an immobilized body and a geometrical imagination — is able to reach out with his mind to the spatiotemporal edges of our cosmos, where he seeks to understand the “Mind of God,” the unitary deity who guarantees the world’s coherence. Or as the book’s blurb from Time Magazine put it in plain purple: “Even as he sits helpless in his wheelchair, his mind seems to soar ever more brilliantly across the vastness of space and time to unlock the secrets of the universe.”
It is a comforting thought. When the book first came out in 1988, my older cousin — a diplomat in his forties who was dying of cancer and leaving behind a wife and young child — told me that Hawking’s book had provided him with great solace. He found it reassuring that the fate of the universe could be grasped by a singular human mind, one which labored like his under the doom of his body’s betrayal. I was then in my twenties, with an undergraduate degree in physics and enrolled in a PhD program in the history of science, and I had the effrontery to disagree with him. The book, I suggested, offered no such comfort. Physics is what it is. But I was wrong. I see now that the book accords human beings a special and redemptive place in the cosmos. We may be an insignificant species among the millions of life-forms on our third-rate rock in our third-rate galaxy, yet we aspire to grasp our place in the whole — or at least, we have some representatives who try. The question is: what enables these scientists to succeed at their task?
¤
In Hawking, Incorporated, her book about Stephen Hawking, Hélène Mialet doesn’t ask what the famous scientist has taught us about cosmology. She asks what his life and career can teach us about scientific thinking in general — and about ordinary thinking too, for that matter.
There is no doubt that Hawking is doubly exceptional, both in his mind and his body. The brilliant gambit of Mialet’s book is to explore this exceptionalism in order to reveal how scientific knowledge is made under far more ordinary circumstances. In a sense she has written a kind of micro-history, a form of history that explores specific and exceptional events or people so as to illuminate more general patterns.
In Hawking’s case, as exceptional as he is, the popular image of him as a "mind without a body" corresponds rather closely to the popular view that scientific discoveries are made by brainiacs who contemplate nature in splendid isolation. This, at any rate, is the myth we tell ourselves about the achievements of great theoretical physicists like Newton and Einstein, whose work Hawking claims to be carrying on. But historians have repeatedly shown that these famous figures were never as isolated as their reputations have led us to believe.
So it is with Hawking, despite his inability to move his body or employ any of the usual techniques by which scientists engage their colleagues, manipulate instruments, or even perform calculations. More than almost any other scientist, Hawking surely must labor alone. On the contrary, Mialet shows just how Hawking’s disability makes visible the social and mechanical interactions that enable scientists to do their job. By examining how Hawking’s simplest acts are mediated by people and machines — the computer which enables him to write and speak, the wheelchair which conveys him through space — we learn to see how all scientists understand their world through their interactions with other people and instruments.
In his recent biopic about Hawking, The Theory of Everything, James Marsh takes the opposite tack. The movie likewise makes the physicist out to be doubly exceptional, with his nonpareil mind and his body ravaged by a dread disease. But in the movie, it is Hawking’s bodily needs and frailties that are made achingly familiar. Where Hawking differs from the rest of us is in having the mental ability to transcend his body’s betrayal and continue his work, despite initially being given only two years to live. The biopic “humanizes” Hawking’s disabled body, even as it promises the lure of transcendence. Mialet is working the opposite side of the street. Where Marsh’s movie makes us like Hawking and feel for him, Mialet’s book makes us feel more like Hawking, for all his extraordinary talents. Readers are walked through the steps that take us from thinking thoughts to presenting them to others.
Mialet’s method is deceptively simple. Like an anthropologist, she follows Hawking around. She follows him through the elaborate routines that allow him to travel from an eye-blink “yes” to presenting a scientific paper in front of a rapt audience. She follows him as he operates his computer to answer pre-vetted questions. She follows him as he delegates problems to his students and “signs” his name to their work; as he collaborates with colleagues, thinking geometrically with and without diagrams; as he “plays” the media, repeating stories he has told many times before, even as, or precisely because, these stories portray him in ways that reinforce the myth of his singular genius. What she discovers is that the closer she gets to Hawking, the more she encounters a constellation of people around him: nurses, students, administrators, colleagues, editors, not to mention the producers of television shows, books, and films. Moreover, these people frequently anticipate Hawking’s wishes. They pre-program his computer to streamline his word choice. They guess at his ideas. They even make jokes on his behalf. The portrait of Stephen Hawking that emerges from these exchanges looks less like the photograph on the cover of A Brief History of Time than the organizational chart of a collective enterprise, which gives Mialet the title of her book, “Hawking, Incorporated.”
In a sense, Mialet offers us a dynamic history of the book’s acknowledgments page — surely any book’s most trite but revelatory section. In Hawking’s case, he thanks his family for making his career possible despite his bad luck in contracting ALS. He recalls his own wise choice in picking a career that didn’t depend overmuch on the body. He thanks his colleagues for collaborating with him in the early and later stages of his career, his students for developing his ideas and computer-based communication system, his editor for making his ideas comprehensible, and his assistants, secretaries, nurses, funders, and institutional supporters for making his life’s work possible. As these acknowledgments suggest, Mialet’s interpretation of the Hawking oeuvre, like all excellent interpretations, was hiding in plain sight all the time.
Just to be clear, Mialet’s portrait in no way diminishes Hawking or belittles his intellectual achievements or personal courage. (The book skirts any discussion of his romantic, domestic, or financial life.) The physicist shines through these pages as a creative and impish presence, disrupting expectations and nudging the entire enterprise in surprising directions. Mailet brings a gentle irony to her subject; her book builds to a delirious conclusion when we meet Hawking as he confronts a plaster statue of himself meant to “incarnate” his genius. The statue is silent and so too for a time is Hawking, until he joins the general joking about whether female students might occasionally be enticed to sit on the statue’s lap.
Hawking’s immobility may have forced him “to distribute” his capacities to a degree that is unusual — or at least unusually visible. But Mialet’s point is that scientists almost always rely on machines and collaborators. Experimentalists rely on instruments to produce the stylized slices of nature whose behavior they can then so rigorously describe. And theoreticians like Hawking not only rely on the results of those experiments, they use diagrams and other techniques of calculation, often pictured on the chalkboards of science-movie lore.
There is a reason we tend not to notice these interactions. The myth that scientists work in isolation reinforces the view that science is a form of knowledge uncontaminated by worldly interests. Isaac Newton has always been the poster boy for this ideal, with his snarly temper and haughty refusal to credit his contemporaries. That Newton was also a life-long celibate (as far as we know) further underscores the reputation of natural philosophers as men who spurned social entanglements — even as it reinforces the presumption that science is a male preserve.
Yet historians have shown that Newton’s Principia drew upon the reports of correspondents from around the globe. And we now know that many of Newton’s contemporaries drew on the labor of women — wives and sisters, mothers and daughters — who often worked without credit for their male-headed family firm, “Science, Inc.,” much in the way their artisanal brethren drew upon their families’ labor in the trades. And everyone drew on the labor of technicians, then as now often uncredited, who manipulated instruments, performed observations, or toted up lengthy calculations.
To be sure, there are minds who do some of their best work in silence, without the distraction of email or other online temptations. As Mialet notes, some of Hawking’s colleagues are oddly jealous of his apparent isolation; he has no choice, they say, but to concentrate. Yet, here again, his exceptionalism only proves the rule.
The rule is that science is collaborative. The current world record for the most authors on a single article in the natural sciences runs to over 3,000 names, meaning that the list of authors is longer than the paper itself. Even the average number of authors per paper recently passed five per article, having doubled since the 1980s, while the proportion of single-authored papers has dropped toward 10 percent. Disentangling the contribution of these multiple co-authors, not to mention the unlisted contributors, is a subtle art, as I have myself witnessed as a member of a university-wide tenure committee.
And not just in science. In his classic book, Cognition in the Wild, Edwin Hutchins argues that even the captain of a ship — our iconic figure of command — relies on subordinates and instruments to decide how to navigate. The astronauts in their capsule may not be “spam in a can,” but their contributions are guided by pre-set programs and mission control. People have been outsourcing their memories since literate societies began to store knowledge in text. The fact that we now rely on smartphones is not so much a “loss” as yet another redistribution of our cognitive abilities. Scientific thinking is no different.
¤
The movie The Theory of Everything is an easy watch. It is a Hollywood biopic with superb acting and an uplifting message. That said, the break-up of the Hawkings’ marriage generates so few recriminations that his character becomes almost too exceptional to be believable. But the message is the familiar one: that science, like love, can overcome all obstacles.
Hawking, Incorporated is not an easy read. It is a scholarly book that deploys concepts from the field of science studies, though its jargon is carefully defined and used with precision. Mind you, the book is certainly an easier read than A Brief History of Time, with its famously knotty jargon drawn from relativity theory, high-energy physics, and cosmology. But what is jargon if not another tool, a shared vocabulary that allows students and colleagues to collaborate with ideas and instruments?
So, even if Mialet never teaches us much about Hawking’s achievements in cosmology, she offers an equally valuable lesson. His manner of work, she suggests, shows how cosmology — like particle physics, molecular biology, or historical research for that matter — is a collective endeavor in which creative individuals operate within networks of instruments and people. Scientific progress may well depend on the labor of minds that are exceptional to some degree, but what makes science succeed so exceptionally well is the collective nature of the enterprise. And that is something that I’d like to think my cousin would have found comforting. I certainly do. Stephen Hawking teaches us how human beings make science together.
¤
|
|||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 37
|
https://www.yardbarker.com/entertainment/articles/20_films_about_math_mathematicians_and_math_geniuses/s1__28630979
|
en
|
Adding up: The best films about math, mathematicians and math geniuses
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1324276914788316&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/images/logos/131016_YBlogos_H_line_W_T.png",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/images/logos/131016_YBlogos_H_line_W_T.png",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/images/icons/icon-search-white.svg",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/images/icons/icon-fb-f-2.svg",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/images/icons/twitter.png",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/images/icons/facebook_square.png",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/images/icons/flipboard.png",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/images/icons/twitter_square.png",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/images/icons/icon-account.svg",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/uploads/logo/image/2312/131006_YBlogos_L_Bug.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_1.0/v1/m/d/9/d95d1aaea06166c74a27b8aa87c0552059c936fc/thumb_16x9/adding-best-films-math-mathematicians-math.jpg",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/images/icons/fb.png",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/images/icons/twitter.png",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/images/icons/flipboard_white.png",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/images/icons/reddit.png",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_720,w_1280,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/5/1/515f5ab84439124f757b9e7f5ebce2f9ea20c3eb/stand-deliver-1988.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_900,w_1600,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/a/8/a87967c5a538c1f06b090ddc344b0569247dd18c/brief-history-time-1991.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_720,w_1280,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/7/8/78c3481723ab6d60a90523fc8ab5864175605e30/sneakers-1992.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_1200,w_1827,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/7/2/72a87aa500069a7351dd6932d046397a2c2d4495/infinity-1996.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_1330,w_2000,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/a/3/a37f17ab454beee3c152fc9b133ba7159e17c767/good-hunting-1997.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_1080,w_1920,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/5/c/5c6055093c21263ad6ff873d8c7e23b08d720ae1/lost-world-jurassic-park-1997.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_1080,w_1920,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/a/3/a3a71819182b4cd3d30ea962c30532f1d1b7f851/cube-1997.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_1141,w_2000,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/b/4/b4b2479f073ce52fee5f4fbcd82147ab588f64ec/pi-1998.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_1080,w_1920,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/6/8/683de6b1cd6434b022b36c88ee6474ec2b871693/beautiful-mind-2001.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_1080,w_1920,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/9/b/9bb406db523d6a77297c5be53066cb3abc542a2d/Proof.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_720,w_1280,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/7/4/74b106e9b1dcc23b23d38ddfa51189cd27de42a6/21-2008.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_1200,w_1800,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/c/3/c3e892e6e8d254ff918472142eab2ac47700e17e/agora-2009.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_1080,w_1920,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/8/6/868fa14c143f9105528eadf81141f99ba8e315a9/moneyball-2011.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_720,w_1280,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/0/8/0814c67a99efcf63e421057cc97a0c4d5b5119b2/travelling-salesman-2012.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_1080,w_1920,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/4/9/49c2f09a9e6634850565b4eeb1c2c4c79a0fa38a/theory-everything-2014.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_1080,w_1920,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/0/6/0691e3b7f945ba85d315b47eca71e60bcd602417/imitation-game-2014.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_730,w_1296,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/a/b/ab846e0f191a3951fde626990520e02fe8425def/xy-2014.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_1125,w_2000,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/2/6/26230cc38d60ea180401c05cea5dff663925c13d/man-knew-infinity-2015.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_720,w_1280,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/3/c/3cb511ca14ed4090c19fd514eb668d75e53dcea0/hidden-figures-2016.jpg",
"http://res.cloudinary.com/ybmedia/image/upload/c_crop,h_1125,w_2000,x_0,y_0/c_scale,f_auto,q_auto,w_700/v1/m/c/0/c0562536b0c2a0a70dd1aed7b1806950209c073a/gifted-2017.jpg",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/images/logos/131006_YBlogos_L_Bug_T.png",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/uploads/logo/image/1165/texas_rangers_150x150.jpg",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/uploads/logo/image/1198/kansas_city_chiefs_150x150.jpg",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/uploads/logo/image/1327/denver_nuggets_150x150.jpg",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/uploads/logo/image/2299/las_vegas_golden_knights_150x150.jpg",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/images/logos/131016_YBlogos_H_line_W_T.png",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/images/icons/flipboard_white.png",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/images/icons/fb.png",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/images/icons/twitter.png",
"https://www.yardbarker.com/images/ncpg_logo.png",
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=7161055&cv=4.4.0&cj=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Matt Sulem"
] |
2024-07-20T21:00:18-04:00
|
There are plenty of movies involving mathematical concepts and/or famous figures in the discipline — both real and fictitious. Not sure where to start? Try these 20 films about math, mathematicians and math geniuses.
|
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png?v=2
|
Yardbarker
|
https://www.yardbarker.com/entertainment/articles/20_films_about_math_mathematicians_and_math_geniuses/s1__28630979
|
Over the years, plenty of films and TV shows have had plots about teachers who inspire an underachieving class to perform beyond expectations — 1988’s “Stand and Deliver” was the archetype. Based on the experiences of real-life math teacher Jaime Escalante, “Stand and Deliver” earned an Academy Award nomination and two Golden Globe nominations, including a Best Actor nod at both events for Edward James Olmos’ portrayal of Escalante.
More than 20 years before the release of “The Theory of Everything,” the 2014 Oscar-nominated biopic about Stephen Hawking’s life (which we’ll get to later), there was “A Brief History of Time,” a different biopic about Stephen Hawking’s life. And why shouldn’t the late theoretical physicist, cosmologist and author get multiple movies made about him? He was basically a turn-of-the-millenium Einstein. Also, to differentiate, “A Brief History of Time” (named after Hawking’s most famous work) is a documentary written by Hawking himself, while “The Theory of Everything” is a semi-fictionalized drama.
The words “spy movie” and “Robert Redford” usually make one think of the 1975 classic “Three Days of the Condor,” but that’s not the only film fitting this description. In 1992, Redford starred alongside Dan Aykroyd, Ben Kingsley, Mary McDonnell, River Phoenix, Sidney Poitier and David Strathairn in “Sneakers,” a spy caper about a group of hackers, techies and espionage experts who are tasked by the government to steal a code-breaking device, only to get tangled up in the investigation of a mathematician’s murder. For a lighthearted drama, the producers of “Sneakers” took the math aspects seriously and hired Leonard Adleman as a mathematical consultant. At the time, Adleman was mainly known for being the person who coined the term “virus.” However, he is now viewed as the father of DNA computing and was the winner of the 2002 Turing Award for his co-creation of the RSA encryption algorithm, which is now widely used in secure data transmissions.
As a theoretical physicist, Richard Feynman spent a lot of time working with mathematics, most notably in the development of the atomic bomb during World War II and in the investigation of the Challenger space shuttle disaster, as well as on his major contributions to the fields of quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics (for which he won a Nobel Prize in 1965) and particle physics. Based on the semi-autobiographical books “Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!” and “What Do You Care What Other People Think?” the 1996 film “Infinity” concentrated on two aspects of Feynman’s life: his relationship with his first wife, who tragically died of tuberculosis at the age of just 25, and his work on the A-bomb. Starring Matthew Broderick as Feynman and Patricia Arquette as his wife, Arline Greenbaum, “Infinity” received mixed critical reviews.
Will Hunting (Matt Damon) was a blue-collar janitor working at MIT, but with his self-taught, borderline-genius mathematical intellect, he was better suited as a grad student or faculty member. One night, while Hunting is secretly completing a complex math problem posted on one of the school’s blackboard, Professor Lambeau (Stellan Skarsgård) discovers Hunting’s capabilities and introduces him to psych professor Dr. Sean Maguire (Robin Williams) to dig deeper into Hunting’s lack of motivation and inner demons. Written by Damon and Ben Affleck (who appeared in a supporting role) when the duo were unknown 20-somethings, the drama “Good Will Hunting” ended up being purchased by Miramax, directed by Gus Van Sant, and winning Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actor (Williams) and Best Original Screenplay in addition to seven additional nominations in most of the major categories. How do you like them apples?
Mathematician Dr. Ian Malcolm was first featured in 1993’s “Jurassic Park” and more recently in 2018’s “Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom,” but his most prominent role was in the franchise’s second installment, 1997’s “The Lost World: Jurassic Park,” in which he was the protagonist. Interestingly, Malcolm was actually declared dead in Michael Crichton’s novel “Jurassic Park,” but after the success of the movie in which he survived, the author wrote him into the book’s sequel, and thus Jeff Goldblum was able to reprise his role in later films. Directed by Steven Spielberg, “The Lost World” also starred Julianne Moore, Vince Vaughn, Pete Postlethwaite and Arliss Howard, and it made $619 million at the box office.
“Cube” is our third entry from 1997, but it’s nothing like the other films released that year. Heck, it’s nothing like any film we’ve ever seen. Basically, it’s about five people trapped in an enormous network of cube-shaped rooms, many of which contain deadly traps. The group members attempt to figure out why they are there and where “there” actually is while also trying to simply stay alive. The weak acting and script didn’t earned “Cube” many positive reviews from critics, but the sci-fi horror flick eventually garnered a cult following thanks to its creative premise and ample gore.
Darren Aronofsky is renowned for films like “The Wrestler” (2008) and “Black Swan” (2010), but his first movie, 1998’s “Pi,” received acclaim back in its day too. Filmed in black and white with an abbreviated runtime of 84 minutes, “Pi” centers on number theorist Max Cohen (Sean Gullette), whose life is as consumed with math and finding patterns as it is with constant headaches, paranoia, hallucinations and social anxiety. Intelligent and engrossing, the cerebral thriller earned Aronofsky a Best Director award at Sundance and a Best First Screenplay honor at the Independent Spirit Awards.
John Nash (Russell Crowe), a math genius bored with his job at MIT, is excited to accept a new gig working for the Pentagon and searching for clues hidden in plain sight that supposedly point to the location of a Soviet bomb. However, Nash’s new boss and job turn out to be figments of his imagination after he’s diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. In danger of losing his family, his freedom and his sanity, Nash must find a way to use his powerful mind to control itself. Based on the true story of mathematician John Nash, the 2001 drama “A Beautiful Mind” capitalized on half of its eight Academy Award nominations, including wins for Best Picture, Director (Ron Howard), Adapted Screenplay (Akiva Goldsmith) and Supporting Actress (Jennifer Connelly).
After the death of her brilliant but mentally ill mathematician father Robert Llewellyn (Anthony Hopkins), Catherine (Gwyneth Paltrow) has to come to terms with his passing, her relationship with her estranged sister (Hope Davis) and her own brilliance and susceptibility to mental health issues. Jake Gyllenhaal also stars in “Proof” as Robert’s former student, who helps and eventually develops a relationship with Catherine. The 2005 drama failed to break even at the box office but nevertheless earned general acclaim and a Best Actress Golden Globe nod for Paltrow.
The MIT Blackjack Team was a real-life group comprised of both students and former students from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and their goal was to beat the house at blackjack in various casinos by card counting and using various other math-based techniques. The 2003 book “Bringing Down the House” is based on the team — albeit with some alleged exaggerations and inaccuracies — and it was later turned into the 2008 film “21.” Although the critical reviews were mixed, the film starring Jim Sturgess, Kevin Spacey, Kate Bosworth, Laurence Fishburne, Liza Lapira, Aaron Yoo and Jacob Pitts nevertheless won big at the box office.
Ever wonder who was the first female mathematician in recorded history? That distinction goes to Hypatia, who was also a philosopher and astronomer and lived in the Roman province of Egypt in the fourth century. At a time of religious turmoil, she both preserved and taught knowledge from the classical era, even though it eventually cost Hypatia her life. The influential figure was portrayed by Rachel Weisz in the 2009 Spanish film “Agora,” which debuted at Cannes and eventually became Spain’s highest-grossing film of the year and the recipient of 13 Goya Award nominations, even though the box office numbers only recouped a little more than half of its $70 million budget. Oscar Isaac and Max Minghella appeared in supporting roles.
Prior to the 2002 MLB season, Oakland A’s general manager Billy Beane (Brad Pitt) takes the advice of young Yale alumnus Peter Brand (Jonah Hill), who suggests signing players based on their on-base percentages and other advanced stats called sabermetrics, in lieu of following traditional scouting techniques. Without spending money on big-name players, Oakland ends up having a historic season. This is no fiction tale; it’s what really happened some 17 years ago (other than the fact that Brand’s real name is Paul DePodesta), and sabermetrics have been reinventing the game ever since. Based on the 2003 book of the same name, “Moneyball” didn’t win any Oscars or Golden Globes, but it did earn 10 nominations between the two events.
We can’t even begin to explain the unsolved “P vs. NP problem” in computer science, but we can explain that the 2012 thriller “Travelling Salesman” centers on it, four mathematicians who solve it and the consequences they could face if the solution is released to the world. Directed and co-written by Timothy Lanzone, “Travelling Salesman” earned a warm reception from critics and an Official Selection at the New York International Film Festival.
While the film (and book) “A Brief History of Time” was written by the late Stephen Hawking, “The Theory of Everything” is based on the book “My Life with Stephen” by Jane Hawking, his wife of 30 years. In the 2014 romantic drama, Jane was played by Felicity Jones, while Stephen was portrayed by Eddie Redmayne, who won Best Actor honors at both the Golden Globe and Academy Awards. Jones, for her part, also earned nominations at both events. Directed by James Marsh, “The Theory of Everything” earned near-universal acclaim along with $124 million at the box office.
Based on the life of Alan Turing and the biography “Alan Turing: The Enigma,” “The Imitation Game” earned $234 million at the box office, near universal acclaim, an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay (Graham Moore) and seven additional nods. Benedict Cumberbatch portrayed Turing, a brilliant British mathematician and cryptanalyst who led a code-cracking team that aided the Allies during World War II. Although respected in retrospect and now considered the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence, Turing’s brilliance wasn’t fully recognized during his lifetime, partly due to his prosecution for homosexuality in 1952. “The Imitation Game” co-starred Keira Knightley, who earned a Best Supporting Actress Oscar nomination.
Nathan Ellis received an autism diagnosis at age 9, but he also received a brain capable of understanding numbers better than almost anyone else. After studying math for seven years, Ellis (Asa Butterfield) is selected to represent the U.K. at the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) and is subsequently plucked out of his comfort zone and must learn to adapt to new experiences and overcome his natural distrust of people, as well as his fear of failure. Also known as “A Brilliant Young Mind,” the British drama “X+Y” is loosely based on the early life of 2006 IMO runner-up Daniel Lightwing.
Srinivasa Ramanujan was a brilliant mathematician who grew up poor in India but eventually attended Cambridge and contributed heavily to the field of mathematics in his brief life. Even though he died in 1920 at age 32, his research continued to be confirmed, and it still inspires new areas of research to this day. Ramanujan’s story was recounted in the 1991 biography “The Man Who Knew Infinity,” which was later adapted into a 2015 film starring Dev Patel as Srinivasa alongside Jeremy Irons, Devika Bhise, Toby Jones and Stephen Fry.
Nominated for three Academy Awards (including Best Picture), “Hidden Figures” is the true story of the black female mathematicians who played a crucial role in the early days of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Taraji P. Henson, Octavia Spencer and Janelle Monáe portrayed real-life former NASA employees Katherine Goble Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan and Mary Jackson, respectively, with Spencer receiving Best Support Actress nominations at both the Oscars and Golden Globes.
A mathematically gifted first grader named Mary (Mckenna Grace) ends up in a custody battle between her grandmother (Lindsay Duncan), who wants to send Mary to public school across the country and dedicate her life to math, and Mary’s uncle, Frank (Chris Evans), who wants to give her a normal childhood. Frank strongly believes this is what Mary’s late mother, a brilliant mathematician who took her own life, would have wanted, instead of Mary following in her footsteps. Octavia Spencer and Jenny Slate co-star in the touching 2017 drama, which made $43 million at the box office against a budget of just $7 million.
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 58
|
https://bloody-disgusting.com/reviews/3393989/review-conjuring-2/
|
en
|
[Review] ‘The Conjuring 2’ is a Funhouse Full of Frights!
|
[
"http://b.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=15882884&cv=2.0&cj=1",
"https://bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/BD_LOGO-e1658360764590.png",
"https://bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/BD_LOGO-e1658360764590.png",
"https://bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/BD_LOGO-e1658360764590.png",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Terminator-2.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/DIE-ALONE_Still-1-scaled.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Final-Destination-3-2006-textless-1920x1080-header.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/alienisolation.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/creature-remake.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Screen-Shot-2022-08-08-at-8.04.39-AM.png?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/hystttt.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/squid-2-game.png?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/weird.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/in-the-flesh.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/cuckoo-movie.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/House-of-Sayuri-scaled.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/rev-1-TRP-T2-0005r_High_Res_JPEG.jpeg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/In-Our-Blood-scaled.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Soul-Eater.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/alienisolation.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/willys-wonderland.jpeg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/weird.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/dan-stevens-feature.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/hunter-cuckoo.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/scorchedearth.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/worshippers.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/hunger.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/vampiresurvivors.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/in-the-flesh.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/scorchedearth.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/alienisolation.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/callisto.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/halloweengame.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/control2.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a0fe3ee93d37089a1f8b5bb5e5041f4?s=46&d=mm&r=r",
"https://bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/The-Conjuring-2.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/The-Conjuring-2-1.jpg?resize=620%2C349",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/4skullrating.png?resize=225%2C61&ssl=1",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a0fe3ee93d37089a1f8b5bb5e5041f4?s=60&d=mm&r=r",
"https://bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/BD_LOGO-e1658360764590.png",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/creature-remake.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/creature-remake.jpg?resize=80%2C80&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/monkey-neon.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/monkey-neon.jpg?resize=80%2C80&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Leah-McKendrick.jpg?resize=400%2C240&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Leah-McKendrick.jpg?resize=80%2C80&ssl=1",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/56b4329a2183e1016df75dc118dfb6b0?s=46&d=mm&r=r",
"https://bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Terminator-2.jpg",
"https://bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Bloody_Disgusting_Banner_300x250_2.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/rom-shoes.png?resize=80%2C80&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/intothepit.jpg?resize=80%2C80&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/hills-run-red.jpg?resize=80%2C80&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/mimic.jpg?resize=80%2C80&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/cuckoo-movie.jpg?resize=80%2C80&ssl=1",
"https://bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/sbox-ad.png",
"https://bloody-disgusting.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/BD_Footer-Lopo.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Trace Thurman",
"John Squires"
] |
2016-06-10T18:01:35+00:00
|
James Wan returns to horror after 'Furious 7' with 'The Conjuring 2,' the sequel to 2013's biggest horror movie, and it more than lives up to the hype.
|
en
|
Bloody Disgusting!
|
https://bloody-disgusting.com/reviews/3393989/review-conjuring-2/
|
The Conjuring was the surprise hit of the summer of 2013, grossing $137 million domestically. That is a pretty astounding feat for an R-rated horror film released in the middle of summer. Three years later and we are now faced with The Conjuring 2, a sequel that lives up to the original in every way. If anyone was afraid that The Conjuring 2 would be a similar misstep like that of Wan’s Insidious: Chapter 2, let me quell those fears right now. The Conjuring 2 is one of the best horror sequels to come out in some time. While not without its flaws, James Wan had proved his adeptness at scaring the pants off of viewers while also telling a story with characters that you connect with, and he doesn’t disappoint here.
Picking up six years after the Perron case that was at the center of the first film, The Conjuring 2 begins in media res with the Warren’s most well-known case: The Amityville Horror. While at the infamous house in Long Island long after the Lutz family has flown the coop, Lorraine (Vera Farmiga, fantastic as usual) comes into contact with the creepiest ghost nun you’ve ever seen and has a premonition of Ed’s (Patrick Wilson) death. Afterward, Lorraine sees the nun wandering the halls of her own home informs Ed that they cannot take another case.
Cut to Enfield, England where we are introduced to the Hodgson family, comprised of mother Peggy (Frances O’Connor), daughters Janet (Madison Wolfe) and Margaret (Lauren Esposito, a dead ringer for Emily Browning) and sons Johnny (Patrick McAuley) and Billy (Benjamin Haigh). Still reeling from being abandoned by her husband, Peggy is struggling to make ends meet while supporting her four children. Strange things begin happening around the house and Janet begins acting strangely. Things escalate rather quickly and Ed and Lorraine are called upon by the church to help the Hodgsons before the entity haunting them can do further damage.
I should point out that I am not well versed on the exploits of Ed and Lorraine Warren, so how accurately the film represents the “true” events I could not tell you. That being said, taken on its own without the pervading thoughts the phrase “Based On a True Story” invokes, The Conjuring 2 succeeds in what it sets out to do: scare the audience silly. There is a lot on display here that falls well outside the realm of reality, something that fans of the first film’s realism (well, as realistic as a supernatural horror film can get) might find irksome, but it is a truly impressive piece of work.
The Conjuring 2 is a treat for audiences, but especially for horror fans. So skilled is Wan at subverting expectations that watching the film will keep even the most learned horror fan guessing. I don’t mean this in reference to the story or the turn of events. All of that is fairly standard and everything plays out pretty much as you would expect, which is the only glaring flaw in the film. No, the surprises lie in the way in which Wan scares you. If you are an avid fan of horror you have no doubt learned the tricks of the trade. You’re able to predict when a jump scare will occur or when something will appear in the frame based solely on the camera angle being used or the music playing at the time. The Conjuring 2 will constantly have you guessing as to when Wan is about to employ a scare.
A prime example is a scene in which the camera pans out of the Hodgsons’ house,showing two windows in the frame. In the window on the right, one of the children is looking out into the distance. The window on the left is unpopulated. You fully expect one of Wan’s ghouls to appear ever so slowly in the window on the left, but Wan shows restraint and opts to let the beauty of the shot sink in. There are several moments like this (and several others where he does take advantage of the opportunity to scare you). It’s a lot of fun to watch.
Wan is at the top of his game here (after all of the horror films he’s made he would have to be), and while his camerawork is impressive, it’s the performances he draws out of Farmiga and Wilson that makes the film. The actors’ chemistry with each other is the emotional center of The Conjuring 2 and it makes the film all the better. You truly care about these characters, which is not something that happens often in horror films. In fact, all of the actors are top notch. Special mention should be made of Madison Wolfe, who is put though the wringer multiple times throughout the film and really sells it.
Some viewers may have found The Conjuring to be a bit too slow for their tastes (for the record, I am not one of those people), but they needn’t worry here. Wan has increased the number of set pieces and scares dramatically. Though nothing tops the sheer terror of the hide-and-seek clapping scene from the original, The Conjuring 2 boasts several standout moments that are sure to quench your thirst for horror. One particular scene involving The Crooked Man from the nursery rhyme of the same name is a particular standout, feeling like something out of A Nightmare on Elm Street. At 133 minutes (20 minutes longer than the first film), The Conjuring 2 never feels too long. The film moves along at a brisk pace, stopping only a handful of times to give the audience a break between scares. The most interesting of these breaks is a sequence in which Wilson sings Elvis Presley’s “Can’t Help Falling In Love” to the Hodgson family as Lorraine looks at him longingly. It is a scene that should feel out of place but doesn’t.
The ghouls themselves are also more effective than Bathsheba, though they are more reminiscent of the villains from the Insidious films. The old man terrorizing the Hodgson family is mighty similar to The Wheezing Demon from Insidious: Chapter 3, but The Conjuring 2 wisely delves into the backstory of the ghost. You’ll be forgiven for thinking the nun bears a striking resemblance The Bride in Black mixed in with a dash of The Lipstick-Face Demon. These aren’t criticisms, but merely observations. Just because their design is familiar doesn’t mean they don’t get the job done. Both ghouls stand out on their own and manage to terrify with ease.
One gripe to be had with the film is that it does follow the narrative of the first film closely. There is not much new on display here. Still, while Wan may not reinvent the wheel he spins it remarkably well. Despite the lack of any surprises in terms of plot, the aforementioned scare tactics and emotional beats should be enough to satisfy even the most skeptical viewer. There is one particular issue to be had with the ending of the film. Since this criticism involves spoilers I’ll leave out specifics, but highlight below if you’ve already seen the film:
In the final act, Lorraine remembers something that happened to her earlier in the film that may help her and Ed defeat the paranormal entity. The fact that she conveniently forgets about it until the script requires her to remember comes off a little clunky. It’s a minor quibble, but this critic couldn’t help but roll his eyes at the revelation.
The Conjuring 2 isn’t a perfect sequel, but it will provoke a sigh of relief from viewers once the credits start to roll. It’s a fast-paced ride through a funhouse full of scares and definitely one of the best horror films to come out so far this year. It is doubtful that Wan will make another one of these any time soon since he has to turn his attention to 2018’s Aquaman but if The Conjuring 2 is any indication, he has not lost his flair for the genre. For that we can be thankful.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 14
|
https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-theory-of-everything-2014
|
en
|
The Theory of Everything movie review (2014)
|
[
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/roger-ebert-logo.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/search-thin.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/The-Theory-of-Everything.jpg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Christy-Lemire-1.jpg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/The-Theory-of-Everything-jpg.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Decoded-256x358.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Incoming-2-256x379.avif",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Close-Your-Eyes-256x366.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/The-Supremes-at-Earls-All-You-Can-Eat-jpg.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Hell-Hole-256x320.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/The-Becomers-256x378.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Strange-Darling-256x384.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/The-Killer-1-256x379.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Between-the-Temples-256x380.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/large_crow-256x379.avif",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Blink-Twice-256x384.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Caligula-The-Ultimate-Cut-2-256x389.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars-fill.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/stars.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Venice-2024-568x291.webp",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/locarno-568x265.avif",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/mother-still-568x304.avif",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/SWO_Screenshots_BecomeaGalacticScoundrel_Wide_120623_815PMCEST-568x320.png",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/thumb-up-subscribe.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/facebook.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/youtube.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/x-icon.svg",
"https://www.rogerebert.com/wp-content/themes/roger-ebert/source/images/roger-pic.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
It's a biopic about one of the most brilliant people in the history of the planet, the renowned astrophysicist Stephen Hawking – a man famous for thinking in boldly innovative ways – yet his story is told in the safest and most conventional method imaginable.
|
en
|
Roger Ebert
|
https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-theory-of-everything-2014
|
Here is the sad and frustrating irony of “The Theory of Everything”: it’s a biopic about one of
the most brilliant people in the history of the planet, the renowned astrophysicist
Stephen Hawking – a man famous for thinking in boldly innovative ways – yet his
story is told in the safest and most conventional method imaginable.
This is ironic given the director: James Marsh, an Academy Award winner for the 2008 documentary “Man
on Wire,” which was so thrilling and so clever in its narrative structure that
it made you leave the theater feeling as if you’d actually witnessed Philippe
Petit walking across a tightrope between the World Trade Center Towers. (You
didn’t – the film features photographs and reenactments but no film footage of
Petit pulling off his daredevil stunt. That’s how persuasive Marsh can be.)
Here, he’s made a strongly acted,
handsomely crafted film that nonetheless feels bland and unsatisfying. It falls into the trap that so many biopics do: It
hits all the key moments in the life of the author of “A Brief History of Time”
and skims the surface of a complicated existence without digging deeper,
without taking chances. Everyone involved does everything they should, and the
result is just sort of … fine.
Of course, Hawking’s story is
inspiring – the way he’s battled motor neuron disease over the past 50 years
and defied the odds not only to survive, but thrive. And in playing Hawking,
Eddie Redmayne more than rises to the challenge of portraying the man’s gradual physical deterioration but also conveying the spark of mental acuity
that has remained, and marked all of Hawking’s important work. Nothing the
32-year-old actor has done previously (“Les Miserables,” “My Week With
Marilyn”) suggested he had this sort of complexity in him. It’s an impressive
performance, so much so that it makes you wish it were in the service of
stronger material.
“The Theory of Everything” comes
from screenwriter Anthony McCarten, based on “Travelling to Infinity: My Life
With Stephen,” the memoir by Hawking’s first wife, Jane. A general feeling of
tastefulness permeates the proceedings, as if everyone wanted to be overly
respectful toward these people, and their life, and the access they provided,
at the expense of revelations that might have seemed inappropriate or startling or, heaven forbid, thought-provoking.
The love and support we see from
Jane Hawking are tireless; as portrayed by a fresh-faced Felicity Jones, Jane
is a woman of both grace and strength. And what she went through in taking care
of him while raising their three children and trying to focus on her own
intellectual pursuits must have been exhausting, and often
discouraging. It must have threatened to swallow her whole. We see very little
of that here. This Jane is a saint.
But the early scenes between
Redmayne and Jones positively crackle. There’s an instant connection when they
spy each other across a crowded room at a party at Cambridge in 1963. He’s
fumbling and funny, she’s pretty and perky. He’s studying cosmology, she’s
studying medieval Spanish poetry. He’s an atheist, she’s a devout follower of
the Church of England. But they’re mutually curious and seem to bring out the
best in one another. Their preliminary days include a romantic scene involving the little-known properties of Tide laundry detergent.
Everything seems possible for
these two young and brilliant minds, until Hawking experiences a series of
increasingly clumsy moments, followed by a serious spill on the campus
courtyard. Then comes the diagnosis at age 21 that he has motor neuron disease,
or ALS, better known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. The doctor also gives him just
two years to live. Hawking tries to withdraw but Jane won’t have it; she forces
her way into his life and insists she’s ready for whatever comes their way.
They quickly marry, and eventually have three children.
But as Stephen’s body weakens and
the family has to make continual adjustments to his physical status – including
the famous computerized voice he creates when he no longer can speak, which is
the source of some of the film’s precious few laughs – his mind stays sharp. He
continues his pursuit of the one simple, elegant equation that will explain
everything in the universe. (And it should be noted that “The Theory of
Everything” is one of three films opening this week in which black holes figure
prominently, alongside “Interstellar” and “Big Hero 6.”) Not unlike our own
dear Roger Ebert, Hawking’s mind became even more expansive and powerful once
he began losing his physical abilities.
Eventually, “The Theory of
Everything” reaches a point where it toys with a challenging notion: the
possibility that Jane and Hawking each had dalliances on the side with the
other’s tacit approval, once it became clear that their marriage had changed
irreparably. Jane sought solace with Jonathan Hellyer Jones (Charlie Cox), the
hunky, widowed choir director with big, brown puppy-dog eyes who served as
Hawking’s caretaker, and the family’s de facto husband and father figure. Hawking
later had the pleasure of spending time with the beautiful and vibrant
therapist Elaine (a charismatic Maxine Peake), who flirted with Stephen and
even leafed through the pages of a Penthouse magazine for his perusal.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 5
|
https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-records/worldwide/all-movies/cumulative/released-in-2013
|
en
|
Top 2013 Movies at the Worldwide Box Office
|
[
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/logo_2021/SVG/numbers-logo-r.svg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/icons/facebook.svg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/icons/twitter.svg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/icons/tiktok_TN.svg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/icons/instagram_TN.svg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/icons/threads_TN.svg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/logo_2021/the-numbers-logo-mobile.png",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/ad_images/TNBR-lights-728x90.png",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/ad_images/TNBR-lights-320x50.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Worldwide",
"Movie",
"Box Office",
"Records",
"All Movies",
"Released in 2013",
"Cumulative"
] | null |
[] | null |
This chart contains the total worldwide box office for the movies released in 2013.
|
https://the-numbers.com/images/logo_2021/favicon.ico
|
The Numbers
|
https://www.the-numbers.com/box-office-records/worldwide/all-movies/cumulative/released-in-2013
|
See also: Top 2013 Domestic - Top 2013 International
Other Worldwide Cumulative records: All Time Worldwide - All Time Single Market - All Time Animated Worldwide - All Time Sequel Worldwide - All Time Non-Sequel Worldwide - Top 2023 Worldwide - Top 2024 Worldwide
This chart contains the total worldwide box office for the movies released in 2013.
Rank Movie Worldwide Box Office Domestic Box Office International Box Office Domestic
Share 1 Frozen $1,273,378,817 $400,953,009 $872,425,808 31.49% 2 Iron Man 3 $1,215,392,272 $408,992,272 $806,400,000 33.65% 3 Despicable Me 2 $975,216,835 $368,065,385 $607,151,450 37.74% 4 The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug $959,358,436 $258,241,522 $701,116,914 26.92% 5 The Hunger Games: Catching Fire $864,808,014 $424,668,047 $440,139,967 49.11% 6 Fast and Furious 6 $789,300,444 $238,679,850 $550,620,594 30.24% 7 Monsters University $743,455,810 $268,488,329 $474,967,481 36.11% 8 Gravity $684,657,731 $274,092,705 $410,565,026 40.03% 9 Man of Steel $667,999,518 $291,045,518 $376,954,000 43.57% 10 Thor: The Dark World $644,602,516 $206,362,140 $438,240,376 32.01% 11 The Croods $573,068,425 $187,168,425 $385,900,000 32.66% 12 World War Z $531,861,650 $202,706,711 $329,154,939 38.11% 13 Oz the Great and Powerful $490,359,051 $234,770,996 $255,588,055 47.88% 14 Star Trek Into Darkness $467,381,584 $228,778,661 $238,602,923 48.95% 15 The Wolverine $416,456,852 $132,556,852 $283,900,000 31.83% 16 Pacific Rim $411,002,906 $101,802,906 $309,200,000 24.77% 17 The Wolf of Wall Street $389,816,136 $116,949,183 $272,866,953 30.00% 18 G.I. Joe: Retaliation $375,740,705 $122,523,060 $253,217,645 32.61% 19 The Hangover 3 $362,000,072 $112,200,072 $249,800,000 30.99% 20 The Great Gatsby $353,497,733 $144,840,419 $208,657,314 40.97% 21 The Smurfs 2 $348,547,523 $71,017,784 $277,529,739 20.38% 22 Now You See Me $342,769,200 $117,723,989 $225,045,211 34.34% 23 The Conjuring $316,479,150 $137,400,141 $179,079,009 43.42% 24 A Good Day to Die Hard $304,249,198 $67,349,198 $236,900,000 22.14% 25 Oblivion $287,916,633 $89,107,235 $198,809,398 30.95% 26 Turbo $286,896,578 $83,028,130 $203,868,448 28.94% 27 Elysium $286,192,091 $93,050,117 $193,141,974 32.51% 28 Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2 $274,392,649 $119,793,567 $154,599,082 43.66% 29 We’re the Millers $267,816,276 $150,394,119 $117,422,157 56.16% 30 Epic $262,794,441 $107,518,682 $155,275,759 40.91% 31 The Lone Ranger $260,002,115 $89,302,115 $170,700,000 34.35% 32 American Hustle $257,858,943 $150,098,456 $107,760,487 58.21% 33 After Earth $251,499,665 $60,522,097 $190,977,568 24.06% 34 Grown Ups 2 $247,023,808 $133,668,525 $113,355,283 54.11% 35 Disney Planes $238,059,569 $90,282,580 $147,776,989 37.92% 36 The Heat $229,727,774 $159,581,587 $70,146,187 69.47% 37 Captain Phillips $220,648,184 $107,136,417 $113,511,767 48.56% 38 Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters $214,949,716 $55,703,475 $159,246,241 25.91% 39 Xi you xiang mo pian $207,927,982 $18,058 $207,909,924 0.01% 40 White House Down $205,440,387 $73,103,784 $132,336,603 35.58% 41 Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters $200,859,554 $68,559,554 $132,300,000 34.13% 42 Jack the Giant Slayer $197,687,603 $65,187,603 $132,500,000 32.98% 43 The Secret Life of Walter Mitty $187,861,183 $58,236,838 $129,624,345 31.00% 44 12 Years a Slave $180,765,061 $56,671,993 $124,093,068 31.35% 45 Lee Daniels' The Butler $177,025,498 $116,632,095 $60,393,403 65.88% 46 Identity Thief $175,361,578 $134,506,920 $40,854,658 76.70% 47 Olympus Has Fallen $172,836,993 $98,927,592 $73,909,401 57.24% 48 Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues $172,246,223 $127,413,176 $44,833,047 73.97% 49 Insidious Chapter 2 $161,921,515 $83,586,447 $78,335,068 51.62% 50 Jackass Presents: Bad Grandpa $160,903,019 $102,003,019 $58,900,000 63.39% 51 47 Ronin $151,716,815 $38,362,475 $113,354,340 25.29% 52 Lone Survivor $149,804,632 $125,095,601 $24,709,031 83.51% 53 Mama $148,095,566 $71,628,180 $76,467,386 48.37% 54 RED 2 $141,507,355 $53,262,560 $88,244,795 37.64% 55 2 Guns $132,493,015 $75,612,460 $56,880,555 57.07% 56 Ender’s Game $127,983,283 $61,737,191 $66,246,092 48.24% 57 This is the End $126,539,117 $101,470,202 $25,068,915 80.19% 58 Walking with Dinosaurs $123,368,842 $36,076,121 $87,292,721 29.24% 59 The Wind Rises (風立ちぬ) $117,910,911 $5,201,879 $112,709,032 4.41% 60 Si Ren Ding Zhi $115,889,225 $369,225 $115,520,000 0.32% 61 Saving Mr. Banks $114,962,525 $83,299,761 $31,662,764 72.46% 62 Warm Bodies $114,834,312 $66,380,662 $48,453,650 57.81% 63 Prisoners $113,310,547 $61,002,302 $52,308,245 53.84% 64 Last Vegas $112,914,167 $63,914,167 $49,000,000 56.60% 65 Free Birds $110,387,072 $55,750,480 $54,636,592 50.50% 66 Gangster Squad $104,100,903 $46,000,903 $58,100,000 44.19% 67 Escape Plan $103,735,965 $25,135,965 $78,600,000 24.23% 68 Blue Jasmine $102,912,961 $33,404,871 $69,508,090 32.46% 69 No se Aceptan Devoluciones $100,486,616 $44,467,206 $56,019,410 44.25% 70 Zhi wo men zhong jiang shi qu de qing chun $100,030,000 $100,030,000 71 Di Renjie zhi shendu longwang (狄仁傑之神都龍王)… $99,439,061 $87,783 $99,351,278 0.09% 72 Evil Dead $99,010,045 $54,239,856 $44,770,189 54.78% 73 Philomena $98,963,392 $37,709,979 $61,253,413 38.10% 74 Rush $98,159,204 $26,947,624 $71,211,580 27.45% 75 42 $97,470,701 $95,020,213 $2,450,488 97.49% 76 Riddick $94,763,758 $42,025,135 $52,738,623 44.35% 77 Safe Haven $94,050,951 $71,399,120 $22,651,831 75.92% 78 The Internship $93,672,764 $44,672,764 $49,000,000 47.69% 79 The Purge $91,266,581 $64,473,115 $26,793,466 70.64% 80 Jing cha gu shi er ling yi san $86,340,000 $86,340,000 81 About Time $84,429,086 $15,323,921 $69,105,165 18.15% 82 7-beon-bang-ui seon-mul $84,164,386 $84,164,386 83 Běijīng yù shàng xiyǎtú $82,984,614 $82,984,614 84 Snowpiercer $82,825,956 $4,563,029 $78,262,927 5.51% 85 Carrie $82,409,520 $35,266,619 $47,142,901 42.79% 86 Pain & Gain $81,275,291 $49,875,291 $31,400,000 61.37% 87 The Family $80,588,942 $36,918,811 $43,670,131 45.81% 88 R.I.P.D. $79,076,678 $33,618,855 $45,457,823 42.51% 89 The Attacks of 26/11 $78,879,578 $248,346 $78,631,232 0.31% 90 Fack ju Göthe $78,792,492 $78,792,492 91 Scary Movie V $78,613,981 $32,015,787 $46,598,194 40.73% 92 Byeon-ho-in $76,988,372 $76,988,372 93 Miracle In Cell No. 7 $76,168,428 $76,168,428 94 The Book Thief $76,086,711 $21,488,481 $54,598,230 28.24% 95 The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones $75,965,567 $31,165,421 $44,800,146 41.03% 96 Escape From Planet Earth $74,156,610 $57,012,977 $17,143,633 76.88% 97 The Best Man Holiday $72,835,710 $70,525,195 $2,310,515 96.83% 98 The Counselor $71,009,334 $16,973,715 $54,035,619 23.90% 99 The Call $69,821,476 $51,872,378 $17,949,098 74.29% 100 Grudge Match $69,817,991 $29,817,991 $40,000,000 42.71%
This table is updated daily to reflect the latest studio reports.
Note: This chart is not adjusted for inflation.
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 97
|
https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Frozen-(2013)
|
en
|
Financial Information
|
[
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/logo_2021/SVG/numbers-logo-r.svg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/icons/facebook.svg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/icons/twitter.svg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/icons/tiktok_TN.svg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/icons/instagram_TN.svg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/icons/threads_TN.svg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/logo_2021/the-numbers-logo-mobile.png",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/Croods-A-New-Age-The-(2020)-2-News.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Transformers-4-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Transformers-4-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Transformers-4-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Maleficent-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Godzilla-(2014)-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Edge-of-Tomorrow-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Maleficent-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/X-Men-Days-of-Future-Past-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Godzilla-(2014)-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Amazing-Spider-Man-2-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Amazing-Spider-Man-2-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Amazing-Spider-Man-2-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Other-Woman-The-(2014)-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Rio-2-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Rio-2-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Captain-America-The-Winter-Soldier-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Captain-America-The-Winter-Soldier-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Need-for-Speed-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Need-for-Speed-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Mr-Peabody-and-Sherman-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/300-Rise-of-an-Empire-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/300-Rise-of-an-Empire-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Mr-Peabody-and-Sherman-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Robocop-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/contests/oscars-2014-150-207.png",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Hobbit-Desolation-of-Smaug-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Lego-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Lego-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/people/John-Lasseter-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Robocop-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Lego-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Lego-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Lego-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Wolf-of-Wall-Street-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Ride-Along-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Ride-Along-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/That-Awkward-Moment-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Wolf-of-Wall-Street-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Ride-Along-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Ride-Along-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/I-Frankenstein-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Wolf-of-Wall-Street-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Ride-Along-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Gravity-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/12-Years-a-Slave-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Ride-Along-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Gravity-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Lone-Survivor-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/American-Hustle-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Lone-Survivor-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Lone-Survivor-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Hobbit-Desolation-of-Smaug-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Paranormal-Activity-The-Marked-Ones-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Hobbit-Desolation-of-Smaug-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Hobbit-Desolation-of-Smaug-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Hobbit-Desolation-of-Smaug-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Hobbit-Desolation-of-Smaug-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Anchorman-2-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Hobbit-Desolation-of-Smaug-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/American-Hustle-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Hobbit-Desolation-of-Smaug-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/12-Years-a-Slave-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Hobbit-Desolation-of-Smaug-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Catching-Fire-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Inside-Llewyn-Davis-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Out-of-the-Furnace-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Catching-Fire-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Mandela-Long-Walk-to-Freedom-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Catching-Fire-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Catching-Fire-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Catching-Fire-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/Croods-A-New-Age-The-(2020)-2-News.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Transformers-4-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Transformers-4-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Transformers-4-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Maleficent-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Godzilla-(2014)-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Edge-of-Tomorrow-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Maleficent-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/X-Men-Days-of-Future-Past-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Godzilla-(2014)-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Amazing-Spider-Man-2-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Amazing-Spider-Man-2-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Amazing-Spider-Man-2-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Other-Woman-The-(2014)-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Rio-2-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Rio-2-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Captain-America-The-Winter-Soldier-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Captain-America-The-Winter-Soldier-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Need-for-Speed-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Need-for-Speed-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Mr-Peabody-and-Sherman-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/300-Rise-of-an-Empire-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/300-Rise-of-an-Empire-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Mr-Peabody-and-Sherman-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Robocop-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/contests/oscars-2014-150-207.png",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Hobbit-Desolation-of-Smaug-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Lego-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Lego-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/people/John-Lasseter-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Robocop-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Lego-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Lego-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Lego-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Wolf-of-Wall-Street-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Ride-Along-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Ride-Along-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/That-Awkward-Moment-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Wolf-of-Wall-Street-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Ride-Along-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Ride-Along-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/I-Frankenstein-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Wolf-of-Wall-Street-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Ride-Along-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Gravity-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/12-Years-a-Slave-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Ride-Along-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Gravity-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Lone-Survivor-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/American-Hustle-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Lone-Survivor-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Lone-Survivor-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Hobbit-Desolation-of-Smaug-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Paranormal-Activity-The-Marked-Ones-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Hobbit-Desolation-of-Smaug-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Hobbit-Desolation-of-Smaug-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Hobbit-Desolation-of-Smaug-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Hobbit-Desolation-of-Smaug-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Anchorman-2-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Hobbit-Desolation-of-Smaug-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/American-Hustle-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Hobbit-Desolation-of-Smaug-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/12-Years-a-Slave-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Hobbit-Desolation-of-Smaug-The-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Catching-Fire-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Inside-Llewyn-Davis-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Out-of-the-Furnace-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Catching-Fire-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Mandela-Long-Walk-to-Freedom-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Catching-Fire-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Catching-Fire-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Frozen-Thumbnail.jpg",
"https://www.the-numbers.com/images/movies/opusdata/Catching-Fire-Thumbnail.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Frozen (2013)",
"Movie",
"Film",
"Financial",
"Result",
"Performance",
"Budget",
"Gross",
"Earnings",
"Sales",
"Revenue",
"Box Office",
"Daily",
"Weekend",
"Weekly",
"Records",
"Opening Weekend",
"Profitability",
"Domestic",
"International",
"Worldwide",
"Overseas",
"Foreign",
"DVD",
"Blu-ray",
"Theatrical",
"Summary"
] | null |
[] | null |
Financial analysis of Frozen (2013) including budget, domestic and international box office gross, DVD and Blu-ray sales reports, total earnings and profitability.
|
https://the-numbers.com/images/logo_2021/favicon.ico
|
The Numbers
|
https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Frozen-(2013)
|
Weekend predictions: Half Brothers, All My Life unlikely to challenge Croods
December 4th, 2020
If 2020 has taught us anything it’s that nothing is certain in life. But one thing we can be fairly confident about this weekend is that The Croods: A New Age will remain top at the box office. Universal’s animated adventure does have some new competition. In fact, there are three new wide releases: Half Brothers (in 1,369 theaters), a re-release of Die Hard (1,172 theaters), and romantic drama All My Life. But those three films combined are unlikely to challenge Croods, and individually they are likely to be far behind it.
More...
DVD Sales: Five Armies Completes Three Weeks on Top
May 15th, 2015
None of the new releases were able to top the DVD sales chart leaving The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies in first place with 73,000 units / $1.10 million over the week for a total of 1.13 million units / $16.92 million. More...
Home Market Numbers: Exodus Rules Over a Horrendous Home Market
April 7th, 2015
The home market was a disaster this week. There's really no way around that fact. Exodus: Gods and Kings and the rest of the new releases led the way, but it wasn't nearly as good as last week's number one film, Hunger Games: Mockingjay, Part 1, so that led to declines of 8.8% in terms of units and 6.7% in terms of revenue when compared to last week. Compared to last year, Blu-ray sales were down 74% in terms of units and 73% in terms of revenue. Granted, this week last year, Frozen was released, so that explains the absolute destruction in the year-over-year comparison. There is some good news, sort of. DVD sales were even worse in the week-over-week comparison, so the overall Blu-ray share rose to 44%. More...
DVD Sales: Secret of the Tomb Stuck with the Leftovers
March 29th, 2015
Despite there being five new releases on this week's DVD sales chart, there was a holdover hanging onto top spot. Hunger Games: Mockingjay, Part 1 sold 472,000 units and generated $6.36 million in sales during its first full week of release for early totals of 1.19 million units / $16.28 million. More...
Home Market Numbers: 2014, The Year the Home Market Froze
January 24th, 2015
We are getting back to weekly home market analysis this weekend, but before we do that, let's have a brief look at the home market in 2014. The overall winner was Frozen, which just destroyed the competition. It sold more Blu-rays (7.23 million units for $152.93 million) than the nearest competitor, The Hunger Games: Catching Fire sold total units, and had more combined sales than the next three best-selling films. It is the second-best selling Blu-ray off all time and will soon top Avatar for first place. Additionally, the film surpassed 10 million DVDs sold by a significant margin at 11.03 million units for $185.48 million, while its overall home market sales for the year were 18.27 million units for $338.41 million in total sales. More...
2014 - Holiday Gift Guide - Part I
November 26th, 2014
This Thursday is Thanksgiving, which means this is Black Friday and Cyber Monday, and a ton of shopping. It also means the first installment of our Holiday Gift Guide. Over the next month, we will talk about TV on DVD releases, independent releases, foreign language releases, classics, etc. but this week we start with Major Movie Releases. These are first run releases, franchise box sets, etc. In some ways, this is better than last year, as there were a wider number of big releases that would make great gifts. However, in other ways it is much weaker. I can't think of a single big franchise box set that came out this year. There are some smaller ones, like the Halloween Box Set, but while the franchise has lasted ten installments and 30 years, how many can you really say are worth repeated viewing? Fortunately, there were plenty of great films to come out this year, starting with what is currently the biggest hit of the year. More...
DVD and Blu-ray Releases for November 18th, 2014
November 19th, 2014
There are no summer tentpole releases making their home market debuts this week, but that doesn't mean it is a bad week on the home market. 22 Jump Street is leading the way, while there are four other first run releases among the new releases, ranging from If I Stay to Sin City: A Dame to Kill For in terms of box office numbers. Not only that, but this week there are a trio of Hayao Miyazak releases, including his more recent film, The Wind Rises, which is coming out on DVD or Blu-ray Combo Pack. That film, along with the double-shot, are the Picks of the Week. However, they are not the only films worth picking up. If you like horror / comedy, give Housebound on DVD or Blu-ray a try. More...
International Box Office: Transformers Climbs into First Place
July 16th, 2014
Transformers: Age of Extinction remained in first place with $100.3 million in 50 markets for totals of $543.5 million internationally and $752.3 million worldwide. This makes is the biggest worldwide hit of the year so far. Granted, half of the film's international total came from China where it has made $279.75 million so far, including $56.36 million this past week, and the studio gets a very small share of the box office revenue from that market. As for new markets, the film debuted in first place in the U.K. with $20.11 million on 533 screens, including previews. This is the biggest opening of the year in that market so far. The film also did well in Mexico with $8.26 million on 3,131 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $15.84 million. More...
International Box Office: Transformers in Their Prime
July 9th, 2014
Transformers: Age of Extinction remained in first place with $95.8 million in 37 markets over the weekend for totals of $400.9 million internationally and $576.3 million worldwide. Its best market remains China, where it added $120.61 million for the full week giving it a total of $222.74 million after two. These numbers are important for two reasons. Firstly, revised totals in China put the film's opening there ahead of its debut in North America. Stunning. Secondly, the film is already ahead of Avatar's final figure in that market. Granted, it's barely above Avatar's pace, as that film pulled in $221.9 million after ten days of release, but that is still great news. It held up better than most films do in South Korea earning $8.05 million on 1,096 screens over the weekend for a total of $34.62 million. In Russia, the film added $7.04 million on 2,171 screens over the weekend for a total of $35.38 million after two. The last major market was Australia, where it pulled in $4.54 million on 623 screens over the weekend for a two-week total of $17.32 million. More...
International Box Office: Beginning of a New Age
July 2nd, 2014
Transformers: Age of Extinction earned top spot on the international chart with $201.3 million on 10,015 screens in 37 markets. This includes a record $99.81 million opening in China, which is basically a rounding error away from its North American debut. It also broke the record in Russia with $21.23 million on 2,171 screens. Its opening in South Korea was nearly identical with $15.88 million on 1,597 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $21.98 million. The final major market of the weekend was Australia, where it pulled in $8.30 million on 623 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $9.56 million. The film likely cost about $300 million to make and advertise, so it still needs work to break even, but this is an amazing start. More...
International Box Office: Bewitching the Box Office
June 25th, 2014
Maleficent rose to first place with $47.9 million in 54 markets for totals of $340.8 million internationally and $526.7 million worldwide. It became the first live-action film in Angelina Jolie's career to reach the $500 million mark. The film opened in first place in China with $22.01 million. Up next for the film is Japan and if it does well there, it could top Kung Fu Panda 2 as Angelina Jolie's biggest hit. More...
International Box Office: Trio Top the Charts
June 18th, 2014
There were three films that were in a virtual tie for top spot on the international top ten. Godzilla squeaked out a win with $38.4 million in 62 markets for totals of $248.7 million internationally and $440.2 million worldwide after a month of release. This includes a $37.00 million opening weekend in China. Needless to say, it earned first place in that market. The film finishes its international run in Japan at the end of July and it should jump over $500 million worldwide when it does. More...
International Box Office: Sharpening the Edge
June 12th, 2014
Edge of Tomorrow rose to first place with $82 million in 63 markets for a two-week total of $111 million. This includes a first-place, $25.68 million opening in China. It also opened in first place in South Korea with $10.52 million on 801 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $16.28 million. In Russia, the film opened on top spot with $7.41 million on 1,649, while in France it also earned first place, but with just $2.82 million on 585. It only managed second place in Australia with $2.88 million on 477 screens, while it could do no better than third place in Mexico with $2.88 million on 1,301 screens over the weekend for a total of $3.19 million. Its best holdover was in the U.K. where it added $2.08 million on 460 screens for a two-week total of $7.21 million.
More...
International Box Office: Century Opening for Maleficent
June 4th, 2014
Maleficent opened on top of the international chart with $106.1 million in 47 markets, making it the latest movie to open with more than $100 million on the international chart. The film opened in a number of major markets, but individual results were mixed. The film opened in first place in Mexico with $14.05 million on 2,892 screens and in Russia with $13.06 million on 1,733 screens. In the U.K. it pulled in $11.04 million on 486 screens. It didn't crack $10 million, but did earn first place in Italy ($5.87 million on 650 screens); in Brazil ($5.63 million on 452); and in Germany ($4.87 million on 525 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $5.26 million); and Spain ($4.29 million on 625). It had to settle for second place in Australia with $3.76 million on 530 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $3.90 million. It only managed third place in France ($5.01 million on 550 screens) and in South Korea ($3.38 million on 631 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $3.81 million). The film has yet to open in China and Japan and given this start, it should reach $500 million worldwide before it is done. More...
International Box Office: Looking Forward to the Future
May 28th, 2014
X-Men: Days of Future Past dominated the international box office chart with $171.08 million in 71 markets for a total opening of $191.00 million. This includes China, where it earned first place with $39.35 million on 6,000 screens. It also earned first place in the U.K. with $15.39 million on 537 screens, while in South Korea it earned $11.78 million on 1,056 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $14.15 million. Mexico contributed $9.39 million on 3,034 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $11.02 million. The film's debut in Russia was very similar with $9.90 million on 2,230 screens. France was right behind with $9.29 million on 620 screens, while in Brazil it pulled in $8.38 million on 507. The film earned $7.80 million on 684 screens in Australia. It struggled a little more in Germany and Spain with $4.03 million on 579 screens and $3.19 million on 650 respectively. More...
International Box Office: Godzilla Grounds the Competition
May 21st, 2014
Godzilla got off to a milestone start on the international market earning $103.0 million on 16,946 screens in 64 markets during its first weekend of release. It was able to dominate the box office thanks to a string of first place finishes in most of the major markets. Its biggest market was the U.K., where the film pulled in $10.73 million on 550 screens, while Russia was close behind with $8.65 million on 1,814 screens. The film was surprisingly strong in Mexico, pulling in $7.21 million on 2,494 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $8.57 million. It was also strong in Australia with $6.34 million on 498 screens and in France with $5.73 million on 596. The film earned $4.97 million on 584 screens over the weekend in Germany for a total opening in that market of $5.50 million. Brazil was a strong market for Godzilla, as it opened with $4.07 million on 417 screens there. The film's opening in South Korea was nearly the same with $3.65 million on 610 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $4.37 million. Italy was next with $3.55 million on 692 screens. Finally, the film was soft in Spain with an opening of $1.29 million on 427 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $1.55 million, but this was still enough for first place there. Overall, it wasn't as strong internationally as it was domestically, relative to the size of the markets, but it is still on pace to break even before it reaches the home market. More...
International Box Office: Spider-man Webs Neighbors
May 14th, 2014
The Amazing Spider-Man 2 remained in first place, but saw its weekend box office haul fall to $71.33 million on 26,694 screens in 91 markets. Its international box office rose to $404.72 million and worldwide it has made $550.93 million. The film will need to make about $200 million to $250 million more at the worldwide box office to break even, which is doable. The film had its first full week in China pulling in $46.45 million over the week for a total of $56.38 million in that market. More...
International Box Office: Spider-man's Amazing Weekend Haul
May 8th, 2014
The Amazing Spider-Man 2 saw its weekend box office haul explode with $117.38 million on 30,460 screens in 41 markets for totals of $278.23 million internationally and $369.84 million worldwide. The film opened in first place in Brazil with $11.06 million on 1,139 screens and in second place in France with $11.03 million on 837. It broke the record for biggest Hollywood debut in India with $6.9 million on 1,523 screens. The film also opened in China, on Sunday, with $9.9 million on 11,031 screens, which was a record for an opening Sunday. More...
International Box Office: Spider-man Swings into Top Spot
April 30th, 2014
The Amazing Spider-Man 2 rose to first place on the international chart with $67.34 million on 14,587 screens for a two-week total of $132.15 million. This week's new openings included South Korea, where the film dominated with $10.84 million on 1,472 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $13.85 million. This is on par with The Amazing Spider-Man. It also earned first place in Russia with $9.34 million on 1,779 screens, which is also about on par with the first film. In Japan, it only managed fourth with $4.11 million on 763 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $5.11 million, which is less than half of the opening of the first film. On the other hand, it was stronger in Italy with $5.71 million on 811 screens over the weekend for a total of $6.58 million. It added $5.66 million on 1,566 screens over the weekend for a total of $27.77 million in the U.K., which again is about on par with The Amazing Spider-Man. More...
Weekend Wrap-Up: The Other Woman the Only Other Winner in April
April 29th, 2014
April ended with a new film on top, The Other Woman, which finally broke Captain America: The Winter Soldier's hold on the box office chart. It was a surprisingly strong hit earning $24.76 million, but the other new releases were not as strong. Brick Mansions only managed fifth place, while The Quiet Ones missed the Mendoza Line. The overall box office was $115 million, which was 13% lower than last weekend. More importantly, this is 25% more than the same weekend last year. 2014 added to its lead over 2013, which now stands at $257 million, or 9.2%. Its running tally is $3.05 billion and summer is just about to start. More...
International Box Office: Rio 2 Repeats, Spider-man not as Amazing
April 24th, 2014
Rio 2 remained in first place, barely, with $47.1 million in 65 markets for an international total of $200.9 million and a worldwide total of $276.0 million after a month of release. This includes a second place opening in Italy where it pulled in $2.17 million on 711 screens. This is again weaker than its predecessor's opening there. The film earned $12.05 million in China, but that was for the full week, pushing its total to $25.01 million after two. The first film barely played in China, so this is a boost to its international numbers, but I don't think it will be enough to match what the original movie made. More...
International Box Office: Rio 2 Rise, Soldier Surges Past Milestones
April 17th, 2014
Rio 2 raced to first place with $63.5 million on 20,008 screens in 65 markets for a total of $125.6 million after four weeks of release. This includes a first place debut in Mexico, where it earned $8.42 million on 2,627 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $8.97 million. This is about $3 million more than the first film's debut there. It also earned first place in Australia with $2.09 million on 278 screens, although this is weaker than its predecessor. It is still too soon to tell where it will finish internationally, as it has been doing better in some markets, but worse in others, when compared to Rio. That said, I think the studio should be happy overall. More...
International Box Office: Winter of Content
April 9th, 2014
Captain America: The Winter Soldier remained in first place on the international chart with $109.8 million in 50 markets for a two week total of $209.4 million internationally and $304.4 million worldwide. The Winter Soldier is already ahead of the first Captain America internationally, and by this time next week, it will have $500 million worldwide, about 30% more than its predecessor's final figure. This week, the film opened in first place in a trio of major markets, led by China where it earned $36.23 million, which is just over $20 million more than the first film finished with in that market. Russia was next with an opening of $7.79 million on 1,685, or $1 million lower than the first film's final tally there. Finally there was Australia, where the film opened with $5.91 million, which is about 20% more than its predecessor opened with. As far as holdovers go, the film added $4.64 million in the U.K. for a total of $18.31 million there, which is already ahead of the first film's total. More...
International Box Office: Winter of Content
April 3rd, 2014
Captain America: The Winter Soldier started its international run a week earlier than its domestic run and it started out really well. It earned first place with $75.2 million in 32 markets. This includes a number of major markets, led by the U.K. with $10.05 million on 535 screens. By comparison, the first Captain America made $14.75 million in the U.K., in total, including a $4.90 million start. It also cracked $10 million in South Korea with $8.89 million on 1,268 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $10.99 million. The first film made $3.81 million in South Korea in total. The Winter Soldier also opened in Mexico, earning $8.60 million on 2,681, which was a little bit above its predecessor opening. It is too soon to tell if it will reach $20 million, like The First Avenger did. The first film made $10.28 million in France in total, while this film opened with $6.06 million on 664 screens. In Germany, the film only managed $3.66 million on 626 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $3.99 million, compared to $4.81 million the original made in total. It had a near identical opening in Italy with $3.60 million on 648 screens over the weekend, for a total opening of $4.06 million. This is close to half of the $8.60 million the first film made in total in that market. On the other hand, the film had to settle for second place in Spain with $2.93 million in 709 screens, which is just a little bit more than the $2.54 million the original opened with. As you can tell, The Winter Soldier topped The First Avenger's opening in every major market. It topped its predecessor's total in one major market. This is an amazing start and with several major markets left ahead of it, an international total of $300 million is a reasonable goal. More...
International Box Office: Speed Races Around the World
March 26th, 2014
Need for Speed remained in first place on the international chart with $29.2 million in 55 markets for a two-week total of $96.1 million. This includes $10.5 million over the weekend in China, and $24.22 million for the full week. After two weeks of release, the film has $45.54 million in that one market. The film opened in first place in Germany with $2.91 million on 455 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $3.06 million. The film opens in Spain and France, among other markets, in April, while by the time it debuts in Japan, it might have covered its production budget internationally. More...
International Box Office: Speed Races Around the World
March 20th, 2014
Need for Speed performed a lot better internationally than it did domestically earning first place with $45.6 million in 40 markets. Unfortunately, $21.09 million was earned during its opening weekend in China. I say unfortunately, because studios only get about 20% of the box office haul in that market, compared to 40% in most other international markets and 60% domestically. It also earned first place in Russia with $5.84 million on 1,050 screens and in the U.K., with $3.35 million on 469. The surprise result came in Malaysia where it earned $1.89 million on 184 screens. On the other hand, the film had a trio of third place debuts in Australia ($1.38 million on 457 screens); Brazil ($1.29 on 335); and Italy ($1.07 million on 426). The film opens in Germany this weekend, while it doesn't open in Japan till June. It likely topped its production budget worldwide by Monday, so as long as its legs are not really short, it should break even sometime on the home market. More...
Weekend Wrap-Up: Peabody and Sherman Travel to the Top
March 18th, 2014
The weekend box office didn't shake out as expected with the new films failing to live up to the low end of predictions. Need for Speed didn't earn first place, in fact, it only managed third place. Tyler Perry's Single Mothers Club barely managed fifth place and was the worst opening for Tyler Perry in his directing career. On the positive side, Mr. Peabody and Sherman held on better than expected allowing it to rise to first place. The overall box office sank compared to last weekend, down 21% to $114 million. This is still above last year's box office total by 6%. Year-to-date, 2014 has pulled in almost $2.00 billion, which is 11% ahead of 2013's pace. More...
DVD and Blu-ray Releases for March 18th, 2014
March 17th, 2014
It's a good week / bad week on the home market. The good news is there are four films coming out this week that earned some level of Awards Season buzz. The bad news... there are four films coming out this week that earned some level of Awards Season buzz and they scared away the competition. Two of those four films are strong enough to be contenders for Pick of the Week, Frozen on DVD or Blu-ray Combo Pack and American Hustle on DVD or Blu-ray Combo Pack. Unfortunately, I'm still waiting for the screeners for both of those movies, so I'm not sure which of those two is the Pick of the Week. Fortunately, the screener for 12 Years a Slave arrived and the Blu-ray is Pick of the Week material. More...
International Box Office: Empire Conquers the World
March 13th, 2014
300: Rise of an Empire dominated the international box office earning first place with $87.8 million on 14,478 screens in 58 markets during its opening weekend of release. The film earned first place in Russia with $8.43 million on 1,441 screens. It only managed second place in France, but with a still strong $6.08 million on 454 screens. It also had a string of first place finishes in a number of other major markets, including South Korea where it made $5.49 million on 720 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $6.42 million. Brazil was next with an opening of $5.64 million on 869 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $5.92 million, while Mexico was close behind with $5.47 million on 2,048. Germany took in $4.75 million on 580 screens over the weekend for a very healthy debut of $5.23 million. The U.K. earned a similar result with $4.62 million on 487, but that is one of the weaker results given the size of the market. Other major markets include Spain ($3.69 million on 710 screens); Italy ($3.33 million on 580); and Australia ($2.91 million on 467). The film has yet to open in China and Japan, but given its start in these markets, it hardly matters how well in does in those. More...
Weekend Wrap-Up: 2014 Rises Thanks to Empire and Peabody
March 11th, 2014
The box office weekend was a little stronger than expected with 300: Rise of an Empire earning $45 million while Mr. Peabody and Sherman earned $32 million. Overall the box office pulled in $143 million, which was 17% more than last weekend. It was also 2% more than the same weekend last year. Granted, that's not a lot. In fact, it is probably less than ticket price inflation. Then again, any win, even a close win, is amazing since we were up against Oz the Great and Powerful's massive opening last year. Year-to-date, 2014 has amassed $1.84 billion, putting it 11% ahead of 2013, which had earned $1.65 million by this point in the year. It won't be long till 2014 hits $2 billion and there are some pretty big hits coming out this summer to look forward to. More...
Weekend Predictions: Greeks and Persians vs. Peabody and Sherman
March 6th, 2014
There are two wide releases this week, 300: Rise of an Empire and Mr. Peabody and Sherman. Mr. Peabody and Sherman is opening in nearly 4,000 theaters and is earning better reviews, but 300: Rise of an Empire will likely open faster at the box office. The three holdovers in the top five, Non-Stop, Son of God, and The LEGO Movie, should also do well earning more than $10 million each over the weekend, so overall the box office should be strong. Unfortunately, this weekend last year, Oz the Great and Powerful earned just shy of $80 million over the weekend. There's no way either new release will match that. In fact, it is likely both new releases combined won't match that. 2014's winning streak will end, but not to panic, it still has a large lead and while March doesn't look great, April should be better. More...
International Box Office: RoboCop Rises to the Top
March 5th, 2014
RoboCop debuted in China this past weekend and that helped it climb into first place internationally with $30.2 million in 75 markets for a total of $136.0 million internationally after a month of release. The film opened in top spot in China over the weekend with $20.67 million. The film also remained in first place in Brazil with $2.4 million on 756 screens over the weekend for a total of $7.3 million after two. More...
2014 Awards Season: Oscar Ceremony Live Blog - And the Oscar goes to... 12 Years a Slave
March 2nd, 2014
The Oscars are being handed out this evening and as usual, we will be live-blogging the event. Here's the last look at the nominations with those chosen by our contest entrants as the likely winners in Bold. If I disagree with the consensus, they are in italics, and sharp-eyed readers will note there are no categories where that's true. Finally, if I am rooting for an underdog, they are underlined. There are only two categories where that is true. I want Chiwetel Ejiofor to win Best Lead Actor for his performance in 12 Years a Slave. I also want Jackass Presents: Bad Grandpa to win for Best Hair and Make-up, because Dallas Buyers Club had a hair and make-up budget of $250. Yes it was effective, but the special effects make-up used in Bad Grandpa was just more difficult to pull off, even if the movie wasn't Oscar-bait. Regardless, I don't expect there to be many surprises at this year's awards. More...
International Box Office: Hobbit's Journey Nearly at an End
February 27th, 2014
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug is nearly finished its international run and this week it debuted in China where it earned first place with 33.04 million 5,500 screens. The film is also playing in nine other markets, where it earned about $100,000 for a total weekend haul of $33.1 million. This lifts its totals to $637.1 million internationally and $893.7 million worldwide. The film opens in Japan this weekend and if it does well there, it could reach $1 billion worldwide. More...
Weekend Wrap-Up: Lego Adds Another Brick to Its Box Office Haul
February 24th, 2014
The LEGO Movie completed the threepeat in a dominating fashion earning more than 3 Days to Kill and Pompeii earned combined. On the other hand, neither of those films were that impressive, so beating both of them might not seem like a real accomplishment. The overall box office took a tumble, which is expected for a post-holiday weekend, but it still fell a little more than I would like, down 37% to $111 million. This is 7% more than the same weekend last year, so 2014 continued its winning ways in the year-over-year race. In fact, 2014 extended its lead to $150 million or 11% and now leads 2013 by a $1.51 billion to $1.36 billion. More...
Weekend Estimates: LEGO Unstoppable at Top
February 23rd, 2014
The LEGO Movie will see off two more challengers for box office supremacy this weekend, according to studio estimates released on Sunday. 3 Days to Kill will open with $12.3 million, soft for a film that cost $28 million, while Pompeii will barely reach $10 million, disastrous for a film that cost $80 million or $100 million, depending on who you talk to. That leaves The LEGO Movie miles ahead, with a projected $31.4 million for the weekend and $183 million or so in the bank after 17 days in release. It'll be down 37% from last weekend—an impressive result considering last weekend was a holiday. More...
Analysis: DiCaprio and Lasseter Big Gainers in February's Bankability Index
February 20th, 2014
Box office powerhouse Frozen has propelled head of Disney Animation (and Pixar) John Lasseter into 11th place in The Numbers Bankability Index for February. The Index measures the value people generate in the industry, and Lasseter certainly deserves his place towards the top of the chart, having built Pixar into an animation powerhouse, and rebuilt Disney's in-house animation studio so effectively that it's close to knocking Pixar off its perch as the industry leader. More...
International Box Office: RoboCop Arrests the Competition
February 20th, 2014
RoboCop rose to first place with $35 million in 37 markets for a total of $70.28 million after three weeks of release. The film's biggest opening came from Russia where it earned first place with $5.72 million in 1,153 screens. It opened in second place in Mexico with $2.90 million on 564. It earned third place in South Korea with $3.67 million on 635 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $4.31 million. It slipped to third place in the U.K. with $2.53 million on 436 screens for a two-week total of $8.16 million. More...
Weekend Estimates: LEGO Towers Over All
February 16th, 2014
It's looking like a healthy President's Day weekend at the box office, with one impressive debut and several movies enjoying strong second, fourth, and even thirteenth weekends. The champion opener is About Last Night, a remake of the 1986 hit, which will open with about $27 million over three days, helped by a big $13 million Valentine's Day. With the film playing in only 2,253 theaters, that represents a terrific $12,000 theater average, and continues Kevin Hart's hot streak. Handily beating About Last Night at the top of the chart, though, is The LEGO Movie, with a projected $48.8 million over three days, and around $60 million over the full four-day weekend. That's down a decent 29% from last weekend, for a theater average of almost $13,000. More...
2014 Awards Season: Oscar Highlight: Best Animated Feature
February 15th, 2014
With our annual Oscar Prediction contest underway, now is the best time to look at the nominees and try and figure out who the favorites are and which films should just feel honored to be nominated. Today we look at Best Animated Feature Film, which looked like it would be competitive for most of the year, then Frozen came out and instantly became the favorite. Is it the favorite? Or is there a dark horse out there? More...
International Box Office: Frozen Outlasts Competition
February 13th, 2014
Frozen continues its impressive run earning first place with $24.0 million in 47 markets for totals of $545.1 million internationally and $913.7 million worldwide. It became the 28th film to reach that level and has already overtaken Finding Nemo for 27th place. The film opened in China with $14.11 million over the weekend, which was enough for third place over the weekend, which is good, but not amazing. On the other hand, it fell just 30% in South Korea adding $8.93 million on 1,375 screens over the weekend, lifting its total to $58.04 million after four weeks of release. At this pace, it should catch up to Despicable Me 2 in a couple of weeks, and depending on how it does in Japan, it could reach $1 billion worldwide. More...
Weekend Wrap-Up: LEGO Earns Stacks Dollar Bills
February 11th, 2014
The LEGO Movie didn't break the record for Biggest February Weekend, but it came close. The Monuments Men performed better than expected, but was still a very distant second place. On the other hand, Vampire Academy bombed, fully and completely. Compared to last week, even without The LEGO Movie, this week is almost better. With The LEGO Movie, this week is 76% better at $151 million. Compared to last year, The LEGO Movie opened with more than the top five made in 2013. Overall, the year-over-year growth was 46%. This is just a fantastic result no matter how you look at it. Year-to-date, 2014 has pulled in $1.12 billion, putting it 12% ahead of 2013's pace. It is obviously still too early to declare 2014 the winner, but this is still a fantastic start. More...
Weekend Predictions: Can LEGO Build an Audience
February 6th, 2014
The first weekend of February should be the biggest with The LEGO Movie looking to dominate the box office, while The Monuments Men is expected to do respectable business over the weekend. The other wide release is Vampire Academy, which wasn't screened for critics. It is not aimed at a target demographic that cares about what critics think, but they still didn't screen the film for critics. This weekend last year, there were two wide releases, Identity Thief and Side Effects. The two films earned a combined $44 million during their opening weekend. The LEGO Movie will make more than that on its own. 2014 should easily win in the year-over-year competition. More...
International Box Office: Happy New Year!
February 5th, 2014
It's Chinese New Year and the international box office was led by two Chinese films. The Monkey King earned first place with $46 million in 7 markets for a total opening of $54 million. Like most Chinese films, we don't have breakdowns of individual markets. More...
Weekend Wrap-Up: Ride Laps Competition
February 3rd, 2014
Super Bowl turned into a blow-out, but still earned a record television audience. This explains why the overall box office numbers were down compared to last weekend. That said, there were some films that did well, including Ride Along, which completed the threepeat and by this time next week with be at over $100 million. On the other hand, the new releases really struggled. That Awkward Moment only managed third place, while Labor Day barely avoided the Mendoza Line. Week-over-week, the overall box office fell 26% to $86 million. Compared to last year, the box office also fell, but by only 3%. That said, 2014 is still ahead of 2013 by 6% at $943 million to $887 million, so the market is still healthy. More...
Weekend Estimates: Ride Along Completes Hat-trick
February 2nd, 2014
With distributors aiming for counter-programming over Super Bowl weekend, Ride Along will win this weekend fairly comfortably, according to estimates released on Sunday. Universal is projecting a $12.3 million weekend, down 42% from last time, and a cume by Monday morning of nearly $93 million. That should set the film up to cross $100 million in the next week, and makes it a rare winner of 3 weekends in a row. Second place is a toss-up between Frozen and That Awkward Moment, although Disney is laying claim to the prize right now with $9.3 million projected, up 2% from last weekend thanks to a new sing-along version of Frozen introduced to theaters on Friday. More...
Weekend Predictions: New Releases are Far from Super
January 30th, 2014
It's the Super Bowl weekend, so needless to say, the new releases are looking rather weak. Why would any studio want to release a film against what is the largest single sporting event of the year? There are two wide releases coming out, but neither is expected to make much of an impact. That Awkward Moment is the bigger of the two wide releases, but its reviews are terrible. It should still earn first place, because there's no competition to speak of. Labor Day's reviews are slightly better and its target demographic has very little crossover appeal with the Super Bowl. Even so, most think it will miss the top five. This weekend last year, Warm Bodies earned first place with just over $20 million. If That Awkward Moment earns $20 million, I will be shocked. It might not earn too much more than half of that. More...
International Box Office: Wolf Rolling in the Money
January 29th, 2014
The Wolf of Wall Street remained in first place with $35.27 million on 5,472 screens in 40 markets for an international total of $125.49 million. This is already substantially more than the film has pulled in domestically, plus it has a number of major market debuts ahead. This past weekend, the film opened in first place in Australia with $4.46 million on 325 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $4.68 million. Meanwhile, it remained in first place in the U.K. with $5.95 million on 506 screens over the weekend for a total of $17.94 million after two weeks of release. It had a very similar weekend at the box office in Germany with $5.49 million on 597 screens, while it is $14.11 million in that market, also after two weeks of release. More...
Weekend Wrap-Up: Frankenstein's Debut isn't Lively
January 27th, 2014
I, Frankenstein died at the box office, as it missed the top five entirely. This gave Ride Along an easy road to first place over the weekend. Meanwhile, the rest of the top five all matched expectations, or came within a rounding error of doing so. This helped the overall box office somewhat. It was still a post-holiday frame and the total box office fell 34% to $117 million, but it could have been worse. Compared to last year, the overall box office was 4% higher, which is good news early in the year. 2014 has extended its lead over 2013 to 9% at $823 million to $754 million. More...
Weekend Projections: Frankenstein D.O.A.
January 26th, 2014
After tracking poorly for months, Lionsgate's I, Frankenstein arrived in theaters this weekend with a disappointing projected $8.275 million, according to the distributor, enough for only 6th place on a box office chart that's a jumble of Oscar hopefuls and less ambitious January fare. Ride Along tops the list with $21.1 million projected for the weekend by Universal, which also lays claim to this weekend's number two spot with Lone Survivor's $12.6 million. More...
Weekend Predictions: Will Frankenstein be Taken for a Ride?
January 23rd, 2014
After a record-breaking weekend, it's a letdown this weekend. I, Frankenstein is the only wide release of the week and there's very little chance it will be a major hit at the box office. It might overtake Ride Along for top spot, but I wouldn't bet on it. Last year Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters was the biggest release of the week earning $19.69 million over the weekend, while it and Mama were the only two films to earn more than $10 million. We should have four films earning more than $10 million over the weekend, so 2014 should win in the year-over-year comparison. More...
International Box Office: Wolf Leads the Pack
January 23rd, 2014
The Wolf of Wall Street rocketed from fifth place to first place with $32.84 million in 4,446 screens in 36 markets for an international total of $80.86 million over four weeks of release. The film opened in first place in the U.K. with $7.65 million on 500 screens, while in Germany it earned first place with $6.66 million on 502 screens. Meanwhile, it made $3.62 million on 327 screens in Spain, earning first place in that market as well. More...
Weekend Wrap-Up: Ride Cruises to the Finish Line
January 21st, 2014
It was a record-breaking weekend with Ride Along earning the biggest January opening weekend and the biggest MLK long weekend. Needless to say, it crushed expectations. Additionally, The Nut Job overcame terrible reviews to earn a solid opening, at least according to estimates. Overall, the box office pulled in $176 million over the three-day weekend, which is 26% more than the three-day weekend last week and last year. Over the four-day weekend, the box office pulled in $211 million, or 28% more than last year's MLK long weekend. That's great news, as 2014 was below 2013's pace. In fact, after this weekend, 2014 has pulled ahead of 2013 by 8% at $671 million to $621 million. More...
2014 Awards Season: PGA Produces a Rare Tie
January 20th, 2014
Producers Guild of America handed out their awards last night and while there were no real upsets, there was certainly a surprise for the top prize. More...
2014 Awards Season: PGA Buries the Lead
January 19th, 2014
Producers Guild of America announce the winners tonight, but it seems I forgot to upload the story when they announced their nominations. In my defense, they announced them on January 2nd. You don't make an announcement on January 2nd, not unless you are trying to bury a story. As for the actual nominations, there are very few differences between this group and others, except when it comes to documentaries. Then again, that's been the norm this year. No one seems to agree on what the best documentaries were. More...
Weekend Predictions: Will Jack Ryan Win or is it just Along for the Ride
January 17th, 2014
At the beginning of the month, I thought this weekend would be a close race between Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit and Ride Along. That might still be the case, but it is increasingly unlikely, as Jack Ryan's buzz hasn't kept pace with the buzz for Ride Along. Additionally, Jack Ryan has direct competition from Lone Survivor, which nearly set the January record last weekend and should remain potent this weekend. This weekend last year, Mama won the weekend with $28.40 million and I don't think Ride Along will top that. On the other hand, last year there were only three films that topped $10 million, while this year there could be as many as seven or eight. (All four wide releases have a shot at $10 million, but it is likely not all will get there. There are two holdovers that will earn more than $10 million. Finally, American Hustle and The Wolf of Wall Street might get an Oscar bounce back to $10 million.) Even in the worst case scenario, four films will crack $10 million. 2014 should win for the first time in the week-over-week comparison. More...
2014 Awards Season: Oscars Understand the Gravity of the Situation
January 16th, 2014
The Oscar nominations were announced this morning and there are some surprises mixed in with the predictable results. Gravity and American Hustle led the way with ten nominations each while 12 Years a Slave was right behind with nine. The fact that 12 Years a Slave wasn't the leader is the first of the surprises. More...
International Box Office: Frozen Fights Its Way to the Top
January 15th, 2014
After being in second place for a long time, Frozen finally scored first place with $27.8 million in 50 markets for totals of $394.6 million internationally and $711.9 million worldwide. The film had no major market openings this past weekend, but it opens this weekend in South Korea and in Japan in March. More...
Weekend Wrap-Up: Survivor Does More than Survive
January 14th, 2014
As expected, Lone Survivor won the race to first place on the box office this past weekend. However, it crushed predictions to an astounding degree. It wasn't enough. The overall box office was down to $140 million. Granted, that was less than 1% lower than last weekend and just over 1% lower than the same weekend last year, but it is still frustrating. Besides the number one film, there's not a lot of positive news to report. Year-to-date, 2014 is a little behind 2013 at $413 million to $436 million. Granted, it is far too soon to talk about end of year results, but you obviously would want a fast start rather than a slow start. More...
2014 Awards Season: Golden Globes: All American Night
January 13th, 2014
Hollywood Foreign Press Association handed out the Golden Globe awards last night, and there were a few surprises in the mix. American Hustle led the way with three wins, which isn't a real surprise, but I think many thought another film would lead with three or more wins. The only other film to earn more than one award was Dallas Buyers Club at just two. That might give you a hint at what the big surprise was. More...
Weekend Projections: Lone Survivor Posts Fifth-Best January Weekend
January 12th, 2014
2014 has its first bona fide hit this weekend, with Lone Survivor posting an impressive $38.5 million, according to Universal's weekend estimate. That's the fifth-best January weekend in history, and the second-best by a film that wasn't already playing wide over the holidays (Avatar holds the top three spots in the chart and Cloverfield remains the record-holding new release). Unfortunately, the success of Lone Survivor was in part to blame for a weak debut by The Legend of Hercules, which will end in 4th or 5th place for the weekend. More...
Weekend Predictions: Will Survivor Be Lonely At the Top?
January 10th, 2014
There is only one truly new wide release this weekend: The Legend of Hercules. This film is earning zero positive reviews and most analysts think it will miss the top five. Fortunately, there are a couple of limited releases expanding wide this weekend that should help compensate. Lone Survivor is the most obviously mainstream hit and it has been doing surprisingly well in limited release. Meanwhile, Her is probably too out there to be a mainstream hit, but its reviews suggest it should at least do well with those looking for Oscar-quality films. This weekend last year was the weekend Zero Dark Thirty expanded wide. It pulled in $24.44 million over the weekend, which is a figure Lone Survivor might match. Unfortunately for 2014, 2013 had much better depth at the box office, so even if the Lone Survivor does get to $25 million or beyond, it still looks like the year will continue lower than last year. More...
International Box Office: Hobbit Hits Half a Billion
January 9th, 2014
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug began 2014 the same way it ended 2013, on top. This weekend it pulled in $58 million in 62 markets for totals of $527 million internationally and $756 million worldwide. The film had no major market openings this past weekend, but did remain in fourth place in Russia with $9.6 million on 1,378 screens for a total of $42 million after three weeks of release. It was able to remain in top spot in Germany for the fourth weekend in a row with $8.6 million on 1,40 screens for a total of $75.1 million there. Granted, the film won't match An Unexpected Journey's debut, but it will end its run with well over $800 million worldwide, possibly even $900 million worldwide. There's no way to look at that figure and not call the movie a smashing success. More...
Weekend Wrap-Up: Box Office Goes Cold
January 7th, 2014
The box office wasn't as boisterous as anticipated and this is partially due to the seasonal storm that hit the east coast. This is also partially due to weaker than expected numbers for Paranormal Activity: The Marked Ones, which only managed second place in its debut. This allowed Frozen to return to top spot on the chart, even though it was a little weaker than expected. The overall box office fell 27% from last weekend down to $141 million. Compared to last year, the box office was down 4%, which isn't a good result, but it is also not terrible. Had The Marked Ones merely matched expectations, it would have been a virtual tie. More...
Weekend Projections: Marked Ones Frozen Out
January 5th, 2014
Given the weather conditions in half the country, this weekend couldn't have a more appropriate winner at the box office. Disney's Frozen takes top honors again in its 7th weekend in release after previously topping the chart the weekend of December 6th. The film is projected to earn $20.72 million this weekend, making it only the fourth film ever to earn more than $20 million at this stage in its theatrical run. Avatar, Titanic and Home Alone are the other three (and see full list of 7th weekends here). Paranormal Activity: The Marked Ones was pushed into second spot with a decent $18.2 million opening. More...
Weekend Predictions: Will the New Releases Win the New Year?
January 2nd, 2014
Paranormal Activity: The Marked Ones is the only wide release opening on the first weekend of the year. The long running franchise will have to battle a weaker release date, franchise fatigue, and several holdovers that are still going strong. It still has a good shot at first place, as does Frozen. Frozen could win the weekend, with the help of families going out to the movies one last time before school starts again. The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug probably won't extend its winning streak, but it should still be pull in quite a bit of money over the weekend. Last year the year started with Texas Chainsaw 3D earning more than $20 million. Django Unchained also topped $20 million over the weekend, albeit by the tiniest margin. We might have two $20 million films this weekend as well, with as many as five additional films earning more than $10 million. If 2014 doesn't win in the year-over-year comparison, it should at least be close. More...
International Box Office: Hobbit Ends the Year On Top
January 1st, 2014
As it has the past couple of weeks, The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug topped the international chart earning $99.7 million on 15,782 screens in 61 markets for totals of $424.8 million internationally and $615.1 million worldwide. The film opened in Australia on Boxing Day, but due to the holidays earning first place with a total opening of $12.9 million on 629 screens; however, this was a little behind An Unexpected Journey's debut there. On the other hand, the film set the record for biggest total opening in Poland with $5.6 million on 425 screens. More...
Weekend Wrap-Up and Holiday Schedule
December 30th, 2013
Some studios are still closed and won't open till this time next week, so we won't have all of the final numbers for the past two weeks till then. We do have some final numbers, as well as some studio estimates that we can look at now. As for the upcoming week, it will look a lot like last week in terms of stories. We won't have a per theater chart, we might have an international top ten, while prediction, contest, and limited releases will be mostly normal. We might even have a review this weekend. (That's assuming some of the late screeners finally arrive, because at the moment I have nothing to review.) More...
Weekend Projections: Hobbit Top But Frozen Most Impressive
December 29th, 2013
The Hobbit will extend its run at the top of the chart to three weekends, according to studio estimates released on Sunday, but Frozen is the real winner, with a 47% increase in box office from last weekend (the second-best in the top 10 behind Saving Mr. Banks), and a new entry in the record books as the second-most-successful film in its 6th weekend in theaters -- only Avatar tops it.
The rest of the chart is a mess of new releases enjoying varying degrees of success. More...
Weekend Predictions: Holiday Treats or Lumps of Coal
December 27th, 2013
It's the final weekend of the year and there are a lot of films fighting for spots in the top five, including five films that opened on Christmas Day. Unfortunately for those films, it looks like The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug will remain in first place for the third weekend in a row. The Wolf of Wall Street will likely be the biggest of the five new releases, but it is unlikely that it will have a shot at first place; it might only finish fifth. The other new releases are even weaker. Last year there were only three new releases for the final weekend of the year, but none of them bombed, so 2013 might end on a low note. 2013 should still win in the year-over-year comparison, but losing on the final weekend of the year is a bad sign for 2014's debut. More...
International Box Office: Desolation Brightens The Weekend
December 27th, 2013
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug was the biggest draw on the international chart last weekend adding $97.4 million on 16,840 screens in 56 markets for totals of $278.4 million internationally and $406.0 million worldwide after just two weeks of release. This includes a first place debut in Russia where it made $16.36 million on 2,125 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $19.11 million. This is more or less the same as the first film opened with. (An Unexpected Journey didn't open on Wednesday, but made $17.89 million on 2,128 screens during its three-day opening weekend.) More...
Weekend Predictions: Will Anchorman Anchor the Box Office or will Smaug Persist
December 19th, 2013
This week there are two wide releases, Anchorman: The Legend Continues and Walking with Dinosaurs, as well as two limited releases expanding wide, American Hustle and Saving Mr. Banks. All four films will have to deal with last weekend's champion, The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug, as well as Frozen, which should do well thanks to the holidays. This weekend last year was pretty bad for a December weekend. Jack Reacher opened with $15.21 million, which put it a distant second place to The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey. The Desolation of Smaug won't make as much as An Unexpected Journey did last year, but Anchorman has a shot at first place and so the combined strength should help the box office grow in the year-over-year comparison. More...
International Box Office: The Hobbit Finds Treasure Abroad
December 19th, 2013
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug opened in first place on the international chart with $135.4 million on 16,405 screens in 49 markets. This includes a trio of markets where it topped $10 million. Germany led the way with $19.00 million on 874 screens, compared to $15.01 million earned by the previous film. The U.K. contributed $15.20 million on 580 screens, but that wasn't as strong as the $18.77 million earned by the first installment. France was third with $13.38 million on 909 screens, up from $11.12 million. It also placed first in a number of other major markets with Spain bringing in $7.05 million on 859 screens. It earned $6.24 million on 809 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $7.25 million. Mexico was up next with $5.07 million on 2,615 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $5.96 million. Italy and Brazil earned nearly identical results with $4.97 million on 720 screens and $4.86 million on 1,039 respectively. More...
Per Theater Chart: Hustle Speeds to the Top
December 17th, 2013
American Hustle started its box office run in limited release with a stunning average of $123,409. This is the second best per theater average for the year, behind only Frozen. Saving Mr. Banks opened in 15 theaters earning an average of $27,558. It should do well in its upcoming expansion. Inside Llewyn Davis expanded, playing in 15 theaters over the weekend while its per theater average fell to $23,786. It will continue to expand. The overall box office leader, The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug, was the final film in the $10,000 club earning an average of $18,869. More...
Weekend Wrap-Up: Smaug Descends on Box Office
December 16th, 2013
It's a good news / bad news weekend at the box office. The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug earned first place with ease earning the fourth biggest December opening weekend of all time. On the other hand, it was a little weaker than expected opening on the low end of predictions. Tyler Perry's A Madea Christmas also underperformed by a significant degree, which didn't help the overall box office. The overall box office rose 59% to $147 million, which seems like a huge amount, till you realize last weekend was the weekend after Thanksgiving, which is historically one of the worst weekends of the year. If there wasn't a massive jump at the box office, it would have been fatal for the month. This was also higher than the same weekend last year, albeit by a smaller margin of 6%. Year-to-date, 2013 is still ahead of 2012, but by less than 0.5% at $9.90 million to $9.85 million. More...
2014 Awards Season: Slave Hustles to the Top
December 14th, 2013
Hollywood Foreign Press Association announced their Golden Globe nominations this week, and a clear picture is forming. 12 Years a Slave was again the recipient of the most nominations, but this time it was a tie, as it and American Hustle both grabbed seven nominations. If you look down the list of other multi-nominated films, you will find a number of familiar faces. More...
Weekend Predictions: Clear Skies for Smaug
December 12th, 2013
There are four noteworthy releases this week, although a couple of them are opening in limited release and expanding wide over the next couple of weeks. The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug expected to be the biggest hit of the month, but not as big as An Unexpected Journey. Meanwhile Tyler Perry's A Madea Christmas should be solid as counter-programming and better legs than most Tyler Perry. This weekend last year, An Unexpected Journey opened with $84.62 million. Most expect The Desolation of Smaug to miss that figure, perhaps by more than $10 million. However, the second best film last year was Rise of the Guardians, which only made $7.14 million. 2013 likely won't be as strong at the top, but it will certainly have better depth. More...
International Box Office: Fire Holds off the Freezing Cold
December 12th, 2013
The Hunger Games: Catching Fire again earned first place on the international chart, this week pulling in $42.9 million in 83 markets for a total of $340.6 million internationally and $676.5 million worldwide. The film had no major market openings this past weekend, not unless you count India, where the film made $703,000 on 613 screens. The film has already surpassed its predecessor and it has yet to open in Japan. $800 million worldwide is the current target, which is more than enough to cover this film's combined production and P&A budgets, and possibly the combined budgets for the next next two movies as well. More...
Per Theater Chart: Insider Trading
December 12th, 2013
Inside Llewyn Davis had an incredible opening earning more than $400,000 in four theaters for a per theater average of $101,353. This is the third best per theater for the year behind just Frozen and Blue Jasmine. Mandela Long Walk to Freedom had a strong hold with an average of $19,413 in four theaters. The reason for this is obvious, but a little ghoulish to talk about. More...
Weekend Wrap-Up: Calm Before the Winter Store
December 10th, 2013
As expected, the box office was really soft this weekend with Frozen rising to the top with over $30 million. It was the only film that earned more than that amount, while The Hunger Games: Catching Fire was the only other film with significantly more than $5 million. Out of the Furnace was the only new release and while it barely topped $5 million, it still managed third place. The overall box office fell from 56% to just $92 million. As bad as that result is, it is still 15% higher than the same weekend last year. 2013 remains above 2012, albeit by a tiny margin of 0.3% at $9.75 billion to $9.72 billion. It wouldn't take much for 2013 to again lose its lead, so there's a lot to be interested in in the final few weeks of the year. More...
Weekend Predictions: Heat Up Some Leftovers
December 5th, 2013
The weekend after the Thanksgiving long weekend is nearly always a dead zone for new releases, and that is certainly the case this year. Out of the Furnace is the only wide release this week, but its reviews plummeted compared to the early buzz. It should still reach the top five, but only because it would have to make less than $4 million to earn sixth place or worse. On the positive side, Frozen and The Hunger Games: Catching Fire should finish one-two each earning $30 million or more. By comparison, this weekend last year, the two biggest film earned barely more than $10 million. 2013 will easily win the year-over-year comparison. More...
International Box Office: Hunger Games Continues to Burn Bright
December 5th, 2013
The Hunger Games: Catching Fire remained in first place on the international chart with $90.0 million in 79 markets for a total of $272.1 million. To put this into perspective, The Hunger Games finished with $276.5 million, so it is likely the sequel has already topped its predecessor internationally. The film opened in first place in France with $12.11 million on 755 screens. In comparison, The Hunger Games made $14.51 million in total in France, including $3.80 million during its opening weekend. The film also earned top spot in Italy with $5.05 million on 651 screens over the weekend for a total opening of $5.93 million. The original did poorly in that market with $1.29 million during its opening weekend and $3.83 million in total. Holdovers were led by the U.K., where it added $9.04 million on 557 screens over the weekend for a total of $35.36 million, or less than $2 million from its predecessor's total in that market. In Germany, the film pulled in $7.57 million on 670 screens over the weekend for a total of $24.63 million after two. The film film finished with $20.30 million in that market. More...
Contest: FREEZE!: Winning Announcement
December 5th, 2013
The winner of our FREEZE! contest was determined and it is... More...
Per Theater Chart: Mandela Sprints to the Top
December 4th, 2013
Mandela Long Walk to Freedom earned first place on the per theater chart with an average of $21,071 in four theaters. However, its reviews are only good, not great, and it likely won't have great legs. Frozen and The Hunger Games: Catching Fire were neck and neck with averages of $18,009 and $17,819 respectively. More...
Weekend Wrap-Up: Cool Films, Hot Box Office
December 3rd, 2013
Thanksgiving long weekend set records with both The Hunger Games: Catching Fire and Frozen breaking records for biggest Thanksgiving weekend and biggest Thanksgiving opening respectively. There was also good news for Thor: The Dark World over the weekend, as it topped predictions, and even while the rest of the new releases struggled, to be polite, it was a really impressive weekend. Over the three-day portion of the weekend, the box office pulled in a total of $208 million, which was 8% lower than last weekend. This is actually a very good decline, as the midweek holiday releases took some of the demand for the weekend. This was 82% higher than the same weekend last year, but this is misleading, because this weekend last year was the weekend after Thanksgiving day. 2013 was stronger than last Thanksgiving, but by 0.0456% over the three-day portion. Over fives days, the box office earned $293 million, which was almost exactly 1% more than last Thanksgiving. 2013 has regained the lead over 2012, albeit by a tiny margin at $9.62 billion to $9.61 billion. Hopefully it can maintain this lead from now till January. More...
Weekend Predictions: Fire vs. Ice
November 27th, 2013
Thanksgiving long weekend won't be remembered for the quality of the films opening wide. In fact, of the three new releases on this week's list, only one of them is truly opening wide. Homefront is debuting in 2,500 theaters, while Black Nativity is only opening in 1,500. Oldboy is only opening in 600 theaters, but it still has a reasonable shot at the top ten. If it weren't for the wide expansion of Frozen and hopefully a strong hold by The Hunger Games: Catching Fire, the weekend would be a write-off. As it is, 2013 should crush 2012... mostly because there is a misalignment and this weekend last year was the weekend after Thanksgiving. The post holiday slump meant the top five was only able to bring in a little under $75 million. I'm not saying Catching Fire will top that number, at least not over three days, but it should clear at least that much over the next five days. More...
Per Theater Chart: Frozen has a Hot Opening
November 26th, 2013
Frozen begun its short prestige release before its wide expansion on Wednesday and it was fantastic. The film pulled in $243,390 in one theater giving it the best per theater average for the year so far, topping Blue Jasmine and pushing Spring Breakers into third place. The Hunger Games: Catching Fire was in a distant second place with an average of $37,971 in more than 4,000 theaters. Philomena did very well with an average of $32,109 in four theaters. The Great Beauty remained in the $10,000 club with an average of $17,452 in three theaters. Nebraska rounded out the $10,000 club with an average of $11,634 in 28 theaters. It should continue to expand and start hitting major milestones. More...
Weekend Projections: Catching Fire Takes November Record
November 24th, 2013
As expected, The Hunger Games: Catching Fire topped Delivery Man to win at the box office this weekend. OK, topped is perhaps an understatement when the gap between the two movies is about $150 million. Catching Fire will easily record the biggest November weekend of all time, topping The Twilight Saga: New Moon. It's also heading towards the 4th-biggest weekend of all time, per Lionsgate's Sunday estimate, although there's a good chance it'll end up just behind The Dark Knight Rises' $160.8 million from last year. It will definitely end behind Iron Man 3's $174 million from earlier this year, but continued big earnings for Catching Fire over Thanksgiving means that this year's box office championship race is about to get interesting. More...
Limited Releases: Limited Releases are Frozen Out
November 22nd, 2013
This week's list of limited releases is kind of mixed. Frozen is coming out this week for a prestige opening before expanding wide on Wednesday and it is virtually guaranteed box office success. On the other hand, most of the rest of the films are documentaries, which almost never have breakout success. Every documentary on this list looks interesting, but of the non-Frozen releases, I think Philomena has the best shot at box office success. More...
Contest: FREEZE!
November 22nd, 2013
There are three wide releases next week, Black Nativity, Homefront, and Oldboy. Unfortunately none of them are expected to be even midlevel hits. Fortunately, there's one other option, Frozen. Frozen opened in one theater on Friday the 22nd before expanding wide on Wednesday the 27th. Normally we don't like to use films that have already opened, but it is still the best choice for the target film for this week's box office prediction contest. In order to win, one must simply predict the opening weekend box office number for Frozen. Whoever comes the closest to predicting the film's opening 3-day weekend box office (Friday to Sunday), regardless if they go over or not, will win a copy of Impractical Jokers: Season One on DVD. Entries must be received by 10 a.m., Pacific Time on Friday to be eligible, so don't delay! More...
2013 Preview: November
November 1st, 2013
|
|||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Theory_of_Everything_(2014_film)
|
en
|
The Theory of Everything (2014 film)
|
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/67/The_Theory_of_Everything_%282014%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bridge_over_the_River_Cam%2C_Cambridge%2C_2008-03-31.jpg/220px-Bridge_over_the_River_Cam%2C_Cambridge%2C_2008-03-31.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Eddie_Redmayne_%2815033887819%29_%282%29.jpg/133px-Eddie_Redmayne_%2815033887819%29_%282%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Felicity_Jones%2C_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/151px-Felicity_Jones%2C_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
] |
2013-06-16T19:30:33+00:00
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Theory_of_Everything_(2014_film)
|
2014 biographical film of the life of Stephen Hawking
The Theory of EverythingDirected byJames MarshScreenplay byAnthony McCartenBased onTravelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen
by Jane HawkingProduced byStarringCinematographyBenoît DelhommeEdited byJinx GodfreyMusic byJóhann Jóhannsson
Production
company
Distributed byFocus Features (United States)
Toho-Towa (Japan)[3]
Universal Pictures (International)
Release dates
Running time
123 minutes[1][4]Countries
United Kingdom[5]
Japan[5]
United States[5]
LanguageEnglishBudget$15 million[3]Box office$123.7 million[3]
The Theory of Everything is a 2014 biographical romantic drama film[6] directed by James Marsh. Set at the University of Cambridge, it details the life of the theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking. It was adapted by Anthony McCarten from the 2007 memoir Travelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen by Jane Hawking, which deals with her relationship with her ex-husband Stephen Hawking, his diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and his success in the field of physics.[7] The film stars Eddie Redmayne[1][2] and Felicity Jones,[1][2] with Charlie Cox, Emily Watson, Simon McBurney, Christian McKay, Harry Lloyd, and David Thewlis featured in supporting roles.[1] The film had its world premiere at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival[2] on 7 November 2014. It had its UK premiere on 1 January 2015.[1]
The film received positive reviews, with praise for the musical score, cinematography, and the performances of Jones and especially Redmayne. It was also a box office success, grossing $123 million against a $15 million production budget. The film gained numerous awards and nominations, including five Academy Award nominations: Best Picture, Best Actress (Jones), Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Original Score (Jóhannsson) and won Best Actor for Redmayne. The film received 10 British Academy Film Awards (BAFTA) nominations, and won Outstanding British Film, Best Leading Actor for Redmayne, and Best Adapted Screenplay for McCarten. It received four Golden Globe Award nominations, winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama for Redmayne, and Best Original Score for Jóhannsson. It also received three Screen Actors Guild Awards nominations, and won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role for Redmayne.
Plot
[edit]
University of Cambridge astrophysics student Stephen Hawking begins a relationship with literature student Jane Wilde. Although Stephen is intelligent, his friends and professors are concerned about his lack of a thesis topic. After he and his professor Dennis Sciama attend a lecture on black holes, Stephen speculates that black holes may have been part of the creation of the universe, and decides to write his thesis on them. However, Stephen's muscles begin to fail, giving him decreasing coordination with his body. He learns he has motor neuron disease, which will eventually leave him unable to move, swallow, and even breathe. There are no treatments, and he has approximately two years to live. The doctor assures Stephen that his brain will not be affected, so his thoughts and intelligence will remain intact, but eventually, he will be unable to communicate them. As Stephen becomes reclusive, focusing on his work, Jane confesses she loves him. She tells his father she intends to stay with Stephen even as his condition worsens. They marry and have their first son, Robert.
Stephen presents his thesis to the examination board, arguing that a black hole created the universe in a Big Bang, that it will emit heat, and end in a Big Crunch. He begins using a wheelchair after his walking ability deteriorates. After the Hawkings have their daughter Lucy, Stephen develops a theory about the visibility of black holes and becomes a world-renowned physicist. Jane, focusing on the children as well as Stephen's health and increasing fame, is unable to work on her own thesis and becomes frustrated. Stephen tells her he will understand if she needs help. She joins a church choir, where she meets widower Jonathan and they become close friends. She employs him as a piano teacher for Robert, and Jonathan befriends the entire family, helping Stephen with his illness, supporting Jane, and playing with the children. When Jane gives birth to another son, Timothy, Stephen's mother asks Jane if the baby is Jonathan's, which she denies. Jonathan is appalled, but when he and Jane are alone, they admit their feelings for one another. He distances himself from the family, but Stephen tells him Jane needs him.
While attending an opera performance in Bordeaux, Stephen is taken ill and rushed to a hospital. The doctor informs Jane that he has pneumonia, and that he needs a tracheotomy to survive, but it will leave him mute. She agrees to the surgery. Stephen learns to use a spelling board, and uses it to communicate with Elaine, his new nurse. He receives a computer with a built-in voice synthesizer, and uses it to write a book, A Brief History of Time (1988), which becomes an international best-seller. Stephen tells Jane he has been invited to the United States to accept an award and will be taking Elaine with him. Jane faces the realization that the marriage has not been working, telling him she "did her best", and they agree to divorce. Stephen goes to the lecture with Elaine, the two have fallen in love, and Jane and Jonathan reunite. At the lecture, Stephen sees a student drop a pen; he imagines getting up to return it, almost crying at the reminder of how his disease has affected him. He goes on to give a speech telling audiences to pursue their ambitions despite the harsh reality of life: "While there's life, there is hope".
Stephen invites Jane to meet Queen Elizabeth II with him when being made a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour; they share a happy day together with their children. An extended closing series comprises select moments from the film; shown in reverse, back to the moment Stephen first saw Jane; the reversal is reminiscent of Stephen's research methodology of reversing time to understand the beginning of the universe.
Later, Jane and Jonathan marry, and she completes her Doctor of Philosophy. She and Stephen remain close friends. Stephen declines a knighthood from the Queen and continues his research, with no plans to retire in the near future.
Cast
[edit]
Production
[edit]
Development
[edit]
Screenwriter Anthony McCarten had been interested in Hawking since reading his seminal book A Brief History of Time in 1988. In 2004, McCarten read Jane Hawking's memoir Travelling to Infinity: My Life with Stephen, and subsequently began writing a screenplay adaptation of the book, with no guarantees in place. He met numerous times with Jane at her home to discuss the project. After multiple drafts, he was introduced in 2009 to producer Lisa Bruce via their mutual ICM agent, Craig Bernstein.[11]
Bruce spent three years with McCarten, further convincing Jane Hawking to agree to a film adaptation of her book, with Bruce stating, "It was a lot of conversation, many glasses of sherry, and many pots of tea".[12] On 18 April 2013, James Marsh was confirmed to direct the film, with the shooting being based in Cambridge, and at other locations in the United Kingdom,[citation needed] with Eddie Redmayne courted to fill the male lead of the piece.[13] On 23 June 2013, it was revealed that Felicity Jones was confirmed to play the film's female lead role opposite Redmayne.[14][15] On 8 October 2013, it was confirmed that Emily Watson and David Thewlis had joined the cast[16] and that Working Title's Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Lisa Bruce, and Anthony McCarten would be producing the piece.[17]
Marsh had studied archival images to give the film its authenticity, stating, "When we had photographs and documentary footage of Stephen that related to our story, we tried to reproduce them as best we could".[18] Redmayne met with Hawking himself, commenting, "Even now, when he's unable to move, you can still see such effervescence in his eyes". He described portraying Hawking on-screen as a "hefty" challenge, adding that, "The real problem with making a film is of course you don't shoot chronologically. So it was about having to really try and chart his physical deterioration [so] you can jump into it day-to-day, whilst at the same time keeping this spark and wit and humour that he has".[18]
Redmayne spent six months researching Hawking's life, watching every piece of interview footage he could find of him.[19] He studied Hawking's accent and speech patterns under dialect coach Julia Wilson-Dickson to prepare for the role.[20] Marsh stated that what Redmayne had to do was not easy. "He had to take on enormous amounts of difficult preparation, as well as embracing the difficult physicality of the role. It's not just doing a disability. It's actually charting the course of an illness that erodes the body, and the mind has to project out from that erosion", he said. He added that Hawking gave him his blessing, and also revealed that, "[Hawking's] response was very positive, so much so that he offered to lend his voice, the real voice that he uses. The voice you hear in the latter part of the story is in fact Stephen's actual electronic voice as he uses it", he said.[10] It was revealed to the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) audience that as the lights came up at a recent screening, a nurse had wiped a tear from Hawking's cheek.[19]
Jane Hawking, speaking on BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour, talked of meeting Jones several times while the latter prepared for the role.[21] When Hawking saw the finished film, she was amazed to see that Jones had incorporated her mannerisms and speech patterns into her performance.[21]
Filming
[edit]
By 8 October 2013, principal photography had begun, with the shooting being done at the University of Cambridge, and at other locations in Cambridgeshire and across the United Kingdom.[22] Prior to the start of principal photography, Working Title had begun shooting on the lawn in front of the New Court building from 23 September 2013 to 27 September 2013; they filmed the Cambridge May Ball scene, set in 1963.[23] On 24 September 2013, scenes were filmed at St John's College, The Backs in Queen's Road, and Queen's Green.[24] The New Court lawn and Kitchen Bridge were included features in the filming location of the piece. The May Ball scene was the last of the outside shoots, with filming in a lecture theatre the following day, and the remaining filming completed in the studio over the final five weeks of production.[25]
The pyrotechnic specialists Titanium Fireworks, who developed the displays for the London 2012 Olympic Games, provided three identical firework displays for the Trinity College, Cambridge May Ball scene.[25][26]
Music
[edit]
Composer Jóhann Jóhannsson scored The Theory of Everything. His score in the film has been described as including "[Jóhannsson's] signature blend of acoustic instruments and electronics". Jóhannsson commented that "it always involves the layers of live recordings, whether it's orchestra or a band or solo instrument, with electronics and more 'soundscapey' elements which can come from various sources".[27] Jóhannsson's score was highly praised, being nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Score, a BAFTA Award for Best Film Music, a Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Score and a Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media, winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score. The soundtrack was recorded at Abbey Road Studios.[28]
The music that plays over the final scene of Hawking and his family in the garden and the reverse-flashback is "The Arrival of the Birds", composed and played by The Cinematic Orchestra, originally from the soundtrack to the 2008 nature documentary The Crimson Wing: Mystery of the Flamingos.
Post-production
[edit]
During editing, filmmakers tried to remake Hawking's synthesised voice, but it did not turn out as they wanted. Hawking enjoyed the film enough that he granted them permission to use his own synthesised voice, which is heard in the final film.[29]
Historical accuracy
[edit]
The film takes various dramatic liberties with the history it portrays. Writing for the film blog of UK daily newspaper The Guardian, Michelle Dean noted:
The Theory of Everything's marketing materials will tell you it is based on Jane Hawking's memoir of her marriage, a book published in the UK as Music to Move the Stars, and then re-issued as Travelling to Infinity. But the screenwriters rearranged the facts to suit certain dramatic conventions. And while that always happens in these based-on-a-true-story films, the scale of the departure in The Theory of Everything is unusually wide. The film becomes almost dishonest–in a way that feels unfair to both parties, and oddly, particularly Jane Hawking herself.[30]
In Slate, L.V. Anderson wrote that "the Stephen played by Eddie Redmayne is far gentler and more sensitive" than suggested in Travelling to Infinity.[31] The Slate article further noted that the character Brian, Hawking's closest friend at Cambridge in the film, is not based on a real individual, but rather a composite of several of his real-life friends.[31]
The film alters some of the details surrounding the beginning of Stephen and Jane's relationship, including how they met, as well as the fact that Jane knew about Stephen's disease before they started dating.[30] Slate also comments that the film underplays Hawking's stubbornness and refusal to accept outside assistance for his disorder.[31]
For The Guardian, Dean concluded by saying:
The movie presents the demise of their relationship as a beautiful, tear-soaked, mutually respectful conversation. Of course that didn't actually happen either. Jane's book describes a protracted breakup that comes to a head in a screaming fight on vacation. She also described devastation when Hawking announced by letter he was leaving her for his second wife, Elaine Mason. He ended up married to Mason for 10 years before that fell apart, and then he and Jane mended fences. Which, as it happens, the movie fudges too. It tries to present the rapprochement as coming when Hawking was made a Companion of Honour in 1989, but that actually happened before the couple separated.[30]
Physicist Adrian Melott, a former student of Dennis Sciama, Hawking's doctoral supervisor portrayed in the film, strongly criticised the portrayal of Sciama in the film.[32]
In the film, when Stephen attends the opera in Bordeaux, his companion was actually Raymond LaFlamme, his PhD student.
In the film, it is explained that Stephen's voice is taken from an answering machine. It is actually the voice of Dr. Dennis H. Klatt.
Release
[edit]
On 8 October 2013, Universal Pictures International had acquired the rights to distribute the film internationally.[17]
On 10 April 2014, Focus Features acquired the distribution rights to The Theory of Everything in the United States, with the plan of a 2014 limited theatrical release.[33] publisher after, Entertainment One Films picked up the Canadian distribution rights.[34] The first trailer of the film was released on 7 August 2014.[35][36]
The Theory of Everything premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF)[2] on 7 September 2014,[37] where it opened in the official sidebar section, Special Presentations.[38][39]
The film had a limited release in the United States on 7 November 2014,[40] expanded in successive weeks to Taiwan, Austria, and Germany,[41] ahead of a United Kingdom release on 1 January 2015, before being released throughout Europe.[42]
Reception
[edit]
Box office
[edit]
The Theory of Everything earned $122,873,310 worldwide, with its biggest markets coming from North America ($35.9 million), and the United Kingdom ($31.9 million).[3] The film had a North American limited release on 7 November 2014; it was released in five theatres, and earned $207,000 on its opening weekend, for an average of $41,400 per theatre. The film was then widely released on 26 November across 802 theatres, earning US$5 million, and debuting at No. 7 at the box office. During its five-day Thanksgiving week, the film earned $6.4 million.[43]
Critical response
[edit]
Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports an approval rating of 80% based on 273 reviews, with an average rating of 7.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Part biopic, part love story, The Theory of Everything rises on James Marsh's polished direction and the strength of its two leads."[44] Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 71 out of 100, based on 47 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[45]
Catherine Shoard of The Guardian wrote, "Redmayne towers: this is an astonishing, genuinely visceral performance which bears comparison with Daniel Day-Lewis in My Left Foot".[46] Justin Chang of Variety remarked, "A stirring and bittersweet love story, inflected with tasteful good humor...." He continued by praising the "superb performances" from Redmayne and Jones, as well commenting very positively about Jóhannsson's score, "whose arpeggio-like repetitions and progressions at times evoke the compositions of Philip Glass", whilst praising John Paul Kelly's production design, and Steven Noble's costumes.[47] Leslie Felperin of The Hollywood Reporter remarked, "A solid, duly moving account of their complicated relationship, spanning roughly 25 years, and made with impeccable professional polish", praising Delhomme's cinematography as having "lush, intricately lit compositions", and adding "a splendor that keeps the film consistently watchable", and Jóhannsson's score as "dainty precision with a ineffable scientific quality about it".[48] The Daily Telegraph's Tim Robey granted the film a positive review, stating that, "In its potted appraisal of Hawking's cosmology, The Theory of Everything bends over backwards to speak to the layman, and relies on plenty of second-hand inspiration. But it borrows from the right sources, this theory. And that's something", while praising Redmayne's performance, McCarten's script, and Delhomme's cinematography.[49] Deadline Hollywood's Pete Hammond marked McCarten's script and Marsh's direction for praise, and of the film's Toronto reception, wrote: "To say the response here was rapturous would not be understating the enthusiasm I heard — not just from pundits, but also Academy voters with whom I spoke. One told me he came in with high expectations for a quality movie, and this one exceeded them".[50]
The film was not without its detractors. Some criticised Marsh's focus on Hawking's romantic life over his scientific achievements. Alonso Duralde of The Wrap stated that "Hawking's innovations and refusal to subscribe to outdated modes of thinking merely underscore the utter conventionality of his film biography".[51] Eric Kohn of Indiewire added that "James Marsh's biopic salutes the famous physicist's commitment, but falls short of exploring his brilliant ideas".[52] Dennis Overbye of the New York Times noted:
The movie doesn't deserve any prizes for its drive-by muddling of Dr. Hawking's scientific work, leaving viewers in the dark about exactly why he is so famous. Instead of showing how he undermined traditional notions of space and time, it panders to religious sensibilities about what his work does or does not say about the existence of God, which in fact is very little.[53]
Writing for The Guardian's film blog, Michelle Dean argues that the film does a disservice to Jane Wilde Hawking, by "rearrang[ing] the facts to suit certain dramatic conventions... The Theory of Everything is hell-bent on preserving the cliche".[54]
The film's producers, writer, director Marsh, and actors Redmayne and Jones were widely favoured for award season success.[38][50][55][56]
Accolades
[edit]
The Theory of Everything received several awards and nominations following its release. At the 87th Academy Awards, it was nominated in the categories of Best Picture, Best Actor for Eddie Redmayne, Best Actress for Jones, Best Adapted Screenplay for McCarten, and Best Original Score for Jóhann Jóhannsson; with Eddie Redmayne winning the film's sole Academy Award for his performance. The film was nominated for ten British Academy Film Awards,[57] (winning for Best Adapted Screenplay, Best British Film, and Best Actor), five Critics' Choice Movie Awards,[58] and three Screen Actors Guild Awards.[59] At the 72nd Golden Globe Awards, Redmayne won Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama, and Jóhannsson won Best Original Score. The film, and Jones were also nominated. Production designer John Paul Kelly earned a nomination for Excellence in Production Design for a Period Film from the Art Directors Guild,[60] while the producers were nominated for Best Theatrical Motion Picture by the Producers Guild of America.[61]
See also
[edit]
List of films about mathematicians
References
[edit]
|
||||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 83
|
https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/stephen-hawking-wants-to-play-a-james-bond-baddie-i-think-my-voice-would-fit-the-part-9897879.html
|
en
|
Stephen Hawking wants to play a James Bond baddie: 'I think my voice would fit the part'
|
[
"https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2014/05/01/21/stephen-hawking.jpg",
"https://static.independent.co.uk/static-assets/images/newsletter/film/film.png",
"https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2014/08/07/17/StephenHawking.JPG",
"https://www.independent.co.uk/img/icons/google.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Internal"
] | null |
[
"Jess Denham"
] |
2014-12-02T18:59:04+00:00
|
Eddie Redmayne is currently playing the physicist in The Theory of Everything
|
en
|
/img/shortcut-icons/favicon.ico
|
The Independent
|
https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/stephen-hawking-wants-to-play-a-james-bond-baddie-i-think-my-voice-would-fit-the-part-9897879.html
|
Professor Stephen Hawking has become an unlikely contender for a James Bond villain after saying that he would love to play a “baddie”.
The theoretical physicist, 72, reckons he has the right voice for the role and has previously featured on The Simpsons, Star Trek and Monty Python's recent live shows.
Diagnosed with motor neurone disease aged 21, the nearly completely paralysed Hawking now ‘speaks’ via a computer that he operates by twitching his cheek.
“My ideal role would be a baddie in a James Bond film,” he said in an interview with Wired magazine. “I think the wheelchair and the computer voice would fit the part.”
The A Brief History of Time author is currently being played by Eddie Redmayne in Oscar-tipped movie The Theory of Everything.
Hawking has said he was so impressed with Redmayne’s performance that he cried and even mistook the actor for himself in some scenes.
“I thought Eddie portrayed me very well,” he said. “At times I thought he was me. I think Eddie’s commitment will have a bit emotional impact.”
Redmayne admitted being daunted by the prospect of playing Hawking but describing preparing for the role as “riveting”.
Felicity Jones stars as Hawking’s ex-wife Jane Wilde in the film, due for UK release on 1 January.
|
||||
3536
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 39
|
https://www.joblo.com/new-movies/
|
en
|
New Movies Release Dates
|
[
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/themes/face3-joblo/assets/images/joblo-logo-2021-v1.svg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/themes/face3-joblo/assets/images/joblo-logo-2021-v1-mobile.svg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/joblo-movies.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/joblo-movie-clips.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/joblo-top-trailers.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/joblo-superheroes.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/joblo-animated-videos.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/joblo-originals.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/joblo-behind-the-scenes.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/joblo-streaming-tv-trailers.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/joblo-celebrity-interviews.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/joblo-en-espanol.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/joblo-horror-movies.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/joblo-horror-originals.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/arrow-in-the-head-podcasts.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/beetlejuice-2-poster-new-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/gladiator-2-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/new-alien-romulus-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/IMG_1928-400x600.jpeg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/joker-2-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/kraven-the-hunter-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/venom-the-last-dance-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/smile-2-trailer-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_1528-400x600.webp",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/the-crow-2024-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/deadpool-3-new-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/IMG_1785-400x600.jpeg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/IMG_1610-400x600.jpeg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1238-400x600.webp",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/borderlands-new-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/themes/face3-joblo/assets/images/poster-coming-soon.png",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/longlegs-poser-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/IMG_1611-400x600.jpeg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/a-quiet-place-day-one-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/inside-out-2-poster-1-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/the-instigators-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/IMG_1953-400x600.jpeg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/harold-and-the-purple-crayon-poster-1.jpg-400x600.webp",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/IMG_1238-400x600.webp",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/IMG_1785-400x600.jpeg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/borderlands-new-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/IMG_1952-400x600.jpeg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/IMG_1931-400x600.jpeg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/new-alien-romulus-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/skincare-movie-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/blink-twice-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/the-crow-2024-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/1992-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/themes/face3-joblo/assets/images/joblo-logo-2021-v1.svg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/themes/face3-joblo/assets/images/google-play-badge.png",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/themes/face3-joblo/assets/images/app-store-badge.png",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/themes/face3-joblo/assets/images/download-app-phone-1.png",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/themes/face3-joblo/assets/images/download-app-phone-1-mobile.png",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/themes/face3-joblo/assets/images/download-app-phone-2.png",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/themes/face3-joblo/assets/images/download-app-phone-2-mobile.png",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/themes/face3-joblo/assets/images/download-app-phone-3.png",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/themes/face3-joblo/assets/images/download-app-phone-3-mobile.png",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/rebel-ridge-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/IMG_1814-400x600.jpeg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/beetlejuice-2-poster-new-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/my-old-ass-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/the-killers-game-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/IMG_1797-400x600.jpeg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/the430movie-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/themes/face3-joblo/assets/images/poster-coming-soon.png",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_1528-400x600.webp",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/IMG_1951-400x600.jpeg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/the-wild-robot-movie-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/joker-2-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/IMG_1914-400x600.png",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/saturday-night-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/we-live-in-time-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/IMG_1928-400x600.jpeg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/IMG_1932-400x600.jpeg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/smile-2-trailer-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/venom-the-last-dance-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/your-monster-poster-400x600.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Terminator-300x158.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/blade-2-300x158.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/james_cameron_alien_romulus-300x158.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/the-monkey-featured-300x158.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/hellboy-the-crooked-man-mike-mignola-300x158.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/t-shirtsec-.gif",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/sniper-1993-berenger-300x158.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/the-beach-2000-300x158.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Jack-Black-Minecraft-300x158.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/w1500_199166-300x158.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/nobody-2-bob-odenkirk-300x158.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/best-of-the-best-2-300x158.jpg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/themes/face3-joblo/assets/images/joblo-logo-footer.svg",
"https://www.joblo.com/wp-content/themes/face3-joblo/assets/images/icons/close-dark.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
|
JoBlo
|
https://www.joblo.com/new-movies/
|