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7734	dbpedia	1	64	https://nomadit.co.uk/conference/ecas2023/paper/71466	en	VBAB: Three case studies of India’s development cooperation with Africa in vocational training and education			[ "https://nomadit.co.uk/conference/ecas2023/size/small//conference-logo", "https://nomadit.co.uk/conference/images/nomadit_blue.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Meera Venkatachalam" ]	2023-06-02T15:15:00+00:00	Analyzed here are three Indian development cooperation initiatives with Africa – the Entrepreneurship and Training Development Centre (ETDC) in Dakar; the Kofi Annan Centre for Excellence in ICT (KACE) in Accra, and e-VBAB or e-VidyaBharati ArogyaBharati (Indian e-Knowledge and e-Health) in Kumasi.	en			https://nomadit.co.uk/conference/ecas2023/paper/71466	Paper short abstract: Analyzed here are three Indian development cooperation initiatives with Africa – the Entrepreneurship and Training Development Centre (ETDC) in Dakar; the Kofi Annan Centre for Excellence in ICT (KACE) in Accra, and e-VBAB or e-VidyaBharati ArogyaBharati (Indian e-Knowledge and e-Health) in Kumasi. Paper long abstract: The ETDC, completed in Dakar in 2000, was conceived under a G-15 initiative. HMT International, an Indian public sector company, established it at the behest of the Government of India (GoI). Over 6,000 students have trained there, and currently 400 students are learning mechanical and vocational skills. The KACE was inaugurated in 2003 in Accra through a bilateral partnership between India and Ghana. It offers beginner and advanced courses in ICT and programming of varying duration. Over 3000 students have been trained there. An e-VBAB centre was opened at the Kwame Nkrumah University for Science and Technology (KNUST) in Kumasi in 2019. e-VBAB seeks to build upon an older GoI project, the Pan-African e-network (PAN), which sought to offer tele-education and tele-medicine to African stakeholders from super-specialty facilities in India using satellite and server technology. e-VBAB offers African learners a number of online degree courses, from the humanities to social sciences to commerce, from public and private Indian universities, as well as online medical consultations. The ETDC and KACE have becoming self-sustaining, successfully localizing their operational cultures to cater to local demand. e-VBAB has been less successful. This paper analyses these three projects in a comparative framework, looking at how they were designed to fit into their local milieux. What models were used to ensure their sustenance, continued training of staff, student recruitment, and relevance to local economies? What roles do Indian and host institutions play in the process? What learnings may be identified for future projects of this nature?
7734	dbpedia	2	31	https://www.ralphbuncheinstitute.org/ralphbunchecentenary/textcommittee.html	en	Ralph Bunche Centenary : Commemoration Committee			[ "https://www.ralphbuncheinstitute.org/ralphbunchecentenary/images/kluge_group.gif", "https://www.ralphbuncheinstitute.org/ralphbunchecentenary/images/UN_Stamps510.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "Commemoration Committee Centenary Committee ralph bunche centenary commemortion committee chairs management manager secretariat planning people" ]	null	[]	null	The Centenary Committee will advance special projects to reintroduce Bunches contributions to the United Nations and to humankind. It hopes to translate the legend, which is a gift from the past, into a legacy, which is an instrument for a better future for humanity.				null	The IMG has encouraged the development of local committees for the Ralph Bunche commemoration in six cities that played a significant role in Bunche's life. These are cities where he spent significant time and had experiences that influenced his development and maturity as a statesmen of historic accomplishments. These legacy cities are: Detroit, where he was born on August 7, 1903 and spent his early childhood; Albuquerque, where he moved in 1915; Los Angeles, where he was raised, developed his basic academic skills at UCLA (B.A. 1927), and began showing signs of brilliance as a student and athlete and initially articulated his interest in public service; Cambridge/Boston, where he excelled in his graduate studies at Harvard University (M.A. 1928; Ph.D. 1934) and began to more fully develop and hone his academic skills; Washington, D.C., where he organized and chaired the political science department at Howard University (1929-1941) where he manifested his prowess as a scholar-activist, and later began his service in the Office of Strategic Services (1941-1944) and in the State Department (1944-1946); and New York City, where the impact of his contributions and service took on legendary proportions through his work at the United Nations (from 1949 to his death in 1971). Back to Top Boston, Ralph Bunche Centenary Planning Committee Boston University The African American Studies Program and the International History Institute at Boston University have jointly sponsored a conference Ralph Bunche and the American Experience. The conference was held on March 19, 2004 and celebrated the centennial of the birth of distinguished diplomat and civil right leader Ralph J. Bunche. The conference was open by Ronal K. Richardson, Director of African American Studies and by Dennis Berkey, Provost of Boston University. The morning panel was on The American Dilemma: Ralph Bunche as Activist and it was chaired by Ronald K. Richardson. Benjamin Rivlin talked on Ralph Bunche: the Man and His Time, Cedric Robinson on Ralph Bunche and The American Dilemma, Ronald Walters on Ralph Bunche and Civil Rights. The afternoon panel The International Dilemma: Ralph Bunche as Diplomat was chaired by William R. Keylor. Lawrence Finkelstein talked on Ralph Bucnhe and the United States; Hon. Hermann Fr. Eilts, spoke on Ralph Bunche and Decolonization. William R. Keylor offered the closing remarks. As part of the centenary celebration, Boston College has hosted the screening of William Greaves film Ralph Bunche: An American Odyssey. The movie was followed by a discussion with Professor Lawrence Finkelstein. For further information, please visit www.bu.edu/afam or www.bu.edu/ihi Brandeis University: Brandeis University in order to commemorate Ralph Bunches centenary has organized a Ralph Bunche Lecture on March 18, 2004. The event has been co-sponsored by the African and Afro-American Studies Department, the International Center for Ethics, Justice, and Public Life American Studies and Politics. Brenda Gayle Plummer, Professor of History and Afro-American Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, has given a presentation on Black Americans and U.S. Foreign Affairs. Harvard University: A faculty committee chaired by Professor Michael Dawson of the Department of Government and Africa Studies is planning Harvard’s participation in the centenary. Northeastern University: On February 19, 2004 as part of the centenary celebration, Northeastern University has hosted the screening of William Greaves module A Black Scholar Investigates Colonialism. The module was followed by a discussion with Professor Lawrence Finkelstein The United Nations Associations of Greater Boston (UNA-GB): On UN Day, October 24, 2003, the UNA-GB will honor the legacy of Dr. Ralph Bunche at their Annual Luncheon. For more information , please contact the UNA-GN at info@unagb.org. On February 22, 200 , as part of the centenary celebration, UNA of Greater Boston has hosted the screening of William Greaves film Ralph Bunche: An American Odyssey. The movie was followed by a discussion with Professor Lawrence Finkelstein. Urban League of Eastern Massachusetts and the NAACP Boston Branch: Both organizations are participating in the commemoration of Dr. Bunche. Further details are underway. Simmons College and Fletcher School of International Law and Diplomacy of Tufts University: Plans for participation are underway. . Back to Top Detroit, Ralph Bunche Centenary Planning Committee The year 2003 will be the 100th anniversary of the birth in Detroit of the distinguished American diplomat and Nobel Prize winner Dr. Ralph Bunche. Dr. Bunche personified the quest for understanding and peacemaking among the world's people, skills sorely in demand in these difficult times of international misunderstanding and hatred. In his monumental work, after a career in higher education and pioneering in the U.S. civil rights struggle, Dr. Bunche went on to mediate the first Arab-Israeli ceasefire accords in 1949 and then to represent the United Nations as Under-Secretary General in the numerous crises arising from the de-colonization process, including those of the Congo. The Detroit Centenary Planning Committee is chaired by Frederic Pearson, who heads the Center for Peace and Conflict Studies at Wayne State University in Detroit . The Detroit Committee, in order to manage the celebrations, is divided into three working sub-committees that deal respectively with: school based commemoration, community celebrations, and a scholarly event on campus. As a leadoff to the national Bunche commemorations in Los Angeles , Washington ,DC, Boston , and New York , the Detroit Committee intends to promote Bunche Commemoration programming directly among citizens and neighborhood groups both to revive and celebrate Dr. Bunche legacy as one of its greatest citizens. The kickoff community observance in the fall of 2003 will feature a screening of the award winning documentary "Ralph Bunche: An American Odyssey" together with a musical concert. The concert will be held on October 25 and will take place at the Episcopal Church of St. Paul in Detroit and will include performances by the WSU Chorale, the WSU Band and the Mosaic Youth theater. Among the musical selections will be a “Cantata for the United Nations” and “The Mystery of Man,” a jazz rendition of early peace poetry by Pope John II. Ronald Palmer, distinguished former ambassador, will be giving the keynote address of the evening. Four Peacemakers awards will be awarded to members of the metropolitan community who have shown exemplary skills in the areas of conflict resolution and the promotion of peace. During the anniversary year groups throughout metro Detroit will conduct activities appropriate to Dr. Bunche's achievements and skills to perpetuate the effect of his legacy in future years. Group observance also will include a Ralph Bunche Weekend of commemorations among religious congregations through the metropolitan area, led by activities at Detroit s famed Second Baptist Church where the Bunche family worshiped and where Dr. Bunche was baptized in 1927. The Ralph Bunche Weekend also will involve the Council of Baptist Pastors, the Christian Communication Council, and Jewish Community Council, and Islamic and Arab organizations. The Wayne State University Center for Peace and Conflict Studies will launch an educational initiative for todays youth and their families, both to acquaint them with Dr. Bunches legacy, and to offer skill building in the very pursuits that made Dr. Bunche one of our greatest citizens. Specifically it proposes to hold the first Ralph Bunche Summer Institute for educators, students, and parents. The Summer Institute will be a week-long event from June 16-20, 2003. The Institute will be available for academic credit both at the high school and university levels, and will include participants from diverse school districts across Wayne, Oakland, and Macomb counties. Over the week, the Institute will first present the award winning feature documentary “Ralph Bunche: An American Odyssey,” which gives a compelling portrait of Dr. Bunche’s lifetime struggles and achievements, in a historical context that spanned the twentieth century. Teachers will be acquainted with the related classroom materials and modules now available, as well as new ones for teaching about Africa as a key world region (Dr. Bunche’s life study was on African colonialism). From the film we will also develop workshops for the participants on the fascinating psychological, social, and political issues raised in overcoming obstacles in a climb to eminence. The workshops will be followed by in-depth facilitated inter-cultural dialogue among participants—separately for youth and parents—from the diverse school districts represented at the Institute. From this dialogue we will then proceed to skill building sessions in mediation and negotiation in the Bunche tradition. The Institute’s first phase will conclude with a Model United Nations simulation exercise in conjunction with local United Nations Associations. After this unique set of educational experiences, which will equip participants to better deal with issues of diversity at home and public policy dilemmas across the world, a second phase will commence during the summer with the Center’s assistance in maintaining participants’ communication and mutual understanding through on-line chat rooms and a list-serve. At the same time we will conduct a multi-media contest for presentations about Dr. Bunche and his legacy, including essays, oratory, theatrical, musical, artistic, poetic and literary entries. These will be collected in the Fall of 2003, and will be presented at the community Bunche keynote events being planned for the rest of the year. Thus there will be lasting outcomes to the Bunche commemoration, including a Ralph Bunche Peace Scholarship at the Center and Wayne State University. If the programs are of interest and you want to participate, please contact Dr. Frederic Pearson at 313-577-3453 or email ab3440@wayne.edu. If you would like to serve on the Ralph Bunche Education or Community Committee, or need additional information, please contact Steven Durant at 313-577-6787 or email sdurant2001@aol.com. To make this observance and programming possible at this most crucial time in our nation’s history, The Detroit Ralph Bunche Centenary Planning Committee hopes for key financial donations from those interested in providing alternatives to violence, better international awareness, and positive role models for today’s youth and families. Contributors would be featured prominently in sponsorship acknowledgments. Among the specific projects requiring financial support would be: • Support for a keynote speaker of the highest national and international stature. • Coordination of the Ralph Bunche Weekend observances. • The Ralph Bunche Peacemaker Scholarship. • Staging of an inspirational and lively concert. Thus we invite interested participants and sponsors to contact the Center for Peace and Conflict Studies to learn of the options for providing support and gaining metro- and nation-wide recognition. We can be reached online at ab3440@wayne.edu, through our website http://www.pcs.wayne.edu/, by phone at 313-577-8268, and by post at 2320 Faculty Administration, WSU, Detroit , MI 48202 . Back to Top Activities That Have Taken Place: • December 6, 2001 - Jefferson High School Assembly honoring Dr. Bunche. • December 7, 2001 - Community celebration of Ralph Bunche at the Dunbar Hotel. • April 2002 - The Jefferson High School administrative building was renamed the Dr. Ralph J. Bunche Administrative Hall. • The Thomas Jefferson Community Adult School, UCLA, the L.A. Community, and the Dunbar Economic Development Corporation joined in celebrating the dedication of Ralph Bunche’s childhood home on August 7, 2002. The restoration made the home a museum. • August 21, 2002 - Installation of commissioned work of art honoring Dr. Bunche in the Ralph Bunche Administrative Hall at Jefferson High School. • September 2002 - Start of monthly Jazz concerts at the Dunbar Hotel in honor of Dr. Bunche. They were held every second Sunday from 2:00-5:00 p.m. Each month a different school was asked to make a presentation about Dr. Bunche. • October 24, 2002 (UN created on October 24, 1945) - Unveiling of the commissioned artwork with invitations going to various national and local dignitaries. T-shirts were designed to honor Dr. Bunche for the October 24, 2002 celebration. • A Dr. Ralph J. Bunche Peace Award was awarded to a Jefferson High School student who modeled peace in the community. The design of the award incorporated the Peace Form one monument honoring Dr. Bunche, located across from the United Nations building in New York. Activities Underway Curriculum Development and Student involvement Since the UCLA International Institute hosts a model UN every year, the Committee is trying to make Ralph Bunche and his work the guiding vision or topic for next year’s model UN. The International Institute is also hosting a Summer Institute for teachers on UN conflict resolution, and the focus for next summer’s institute could be on the contributions and life work of Ralph Bunche. The National Center for History in the Schools is developing a five-lesson curriculum unit on the life and achievements of Ralph Bunche to serve students in World History (Grade 10), U.S. History (Grade 11), and Civics (Grade 12). This curriculum can be used to supplement the study of race relations in the 1920s and 1930s, World War II, the Arab Israeli conflict, postwar decolonization, the Cold War, and the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. The project could be completed by March 2003 and ready for the 2003-04 school year. All of these K-12 projects will be coordinated with the “Successor Generation” Program that is being created by the Washington, DC Bunche Centenary Committee together with the Phelps-Stokes Fund, and with the National Centenary Committee. The office of Community Relations at UCLA is planning to involve the youth of Los Angeles in the commemoration of Ralph Bunche. The City of L.A. Youth Council and the Urban League are working to get youth out to a September 12 conflict resolution day event. Kick-off Centenary Event, August 7, 2003 This event will take place at Thomas Jefferson High School, Bunche's high school alma mater. The program will include remarks by local officials and other dignitaries, presentations to the 2003 graduates of the Dunbar EDC Bunche Youth Leadership Academy, and special guest speaker Vera De Vera, Western Regional Director of the Fannie Mae Foundation and former Bunche Scholar at UCLA. Contact: Myron Wolfe, (323) 232-2261 Exhibits By UCLA’s Charles E. Young Research Library of Bunche holdings, August 7, 2003 through spring 2004 Home to one of the most extensive collections of Bunche’s papers in the world, the library’s special collections department plans two displays: • A preliminary digital exhibition of highlights from the Bunche Collection will go online Aug. 7 at http://www.library.ucla.edu/bunche. A more comprehensive version will launch later this fall. • A three-month physical display of the librarys Bunche holdings will go on view from January to March 2004. The exhibit the great good that is in us A Centenary Celebration of Ralph J. Bunche commemorates Bunches remarkable legacy by focusing on his accomplishments in three main areas: as a student, a scholar, and a diplomat. The online exhibit is part of the international celebration of the centenary of Bunches birth. Contact: Dawn Setzer, (310) 825-0746, dsetzer@library.ucla.edu. 2003 UCLA Founders Day celebration on October 26 The event honors the university’s past, celebrates its present and anticipates its vibrant future. The section of the program focusing on the past will include a video montage on Bunche. Debbie Allen, the accomplished dancer, actor, director and producer, will perform, and UCLA Chancellor Carnesale will speak. The event takes place at noon on Sunday, Oct. 26, in Royce Hall. UCLA Ralph J. Bunche Center for African American Studies Naming Ceremony, October 9, 2003 The interdisciplinary center that coordinates instruction and research on African-American subjects at UCLA has been named after the campus’s most famous alum. Festivities include: • Ceremony presided over by UCLA Chancellor Albert Carnesale. • Presentation of a new portrait of Bunche by popular artist LeRoy Neiman, a UCLA benefactor. The portrait will hang prominently in the center. • Revealing identity of honorary holder of the Ralph J. Bunche Chair in International Relations (a permanent selection is anticipated next year). For more information, please visit: http://www.newsroom.ucla.edu/page.asp?id=4582 Contact: Alex Tucker, (310) 206-8267, atucker@caas.ucla.edu. Grades 9–12 education planning guide entitled “The Life and Work of Ralph Bunche” Teaching unit for Grades 9-12: The National Center for History in the Schools has created a new teaching unit on Bunche. For further information, visit the center's Web site or call 310/825-4702. Academic Symposia Honoring Bunche's Contributions to American Intellectual Life and to African Independence, Spring, 2004 Two separate conferences are planned: • Ralph Bunche Center for African American Studies, UCLA BUNCHE - SCHOLAR, ACTIVIST & BUREAUCRAT On Friday and Saturday, February 20th and 21st, 2004, the Ralph J. Bunche Center brought together leading scholars of the last 10 years on the collaboration of Ralph Bunche and Gunnar Myrdal. 2004 marks the 60th anniversary of the publication of An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy , an investigation into American race relations, conducted by Myrdal as principal investigator, and Ralph Bunche (then chairman of Howard University's Political Science department) as chief collaborator. In An American Dilemma Myrdal documents the conditions under which Americans of African descent lived during the first half of the twentieth century. His study offered scholars and political leaders useful evidence of the enduring effects of slavery and racism, and has inspired much analysis and intellectual debate in the latter half of the 20th century. Ralph Bunche and Gunnar Myrdal were also remarkable human beings. In 1950, Bunche won the Nobel Peace Prize for his work as a United Nations diplomat on the Arab-Israeli conflict in the early years of the state of Israel . Myrdal shared the 1974 Nobel Prize with Friedrich August von Hayek for (according to the Nobel Committee) his "penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena." In 1982 Myrdal's wife Alva won the Nobel Peace Prize for her work in UN disarmament negotiations and activism to promote disarmament. The Myrdal's and Bunche have also been the subjects of fascinating biographical studies. There has been lively scholarly debate about the intersection of their personal lives and commitment to progressive causes. For example, Bunche's ideological position at the time of his collaboration with Myrdal has been depicted as that of a "vulgar Marxist" in contrast to Myrdal's perspective of viewing the American racial problem as one of caste rather than class. There is also the problem of interpreting the kinds of transformations both Myrdal and Bunche made in their later lives. Bunche went from being considered a radical during the time of his association with Myrdal to being all but tossed aside during the civil rights upheavals of the 1960s. From studying inequality at the national level Myrdal went on to study international inequality and development. Bunche became perhaps the best-known African-American diplomat of the 20th century despite never having served as an ambassador for the US State Department. Myrdal is now considered by some to be the greatest of all Swedish social scientists. The symposium consisted of four panels - two in the morning and two in the afternoon. Panel 1 brought together scholars who have produced biographies (books and video) on Ralph Bunche. Panel 2 featured critical presentations and exchanges between scholars who have been engaged in interpreting and re-interpreting the work that went into producing An American Dilemma. Panel 3 explored the question of race and its impact on Bunche's diplomatic career. Titled "An American Dilemma - Sixty Years Later", Panel 4 examined Bunche and Myrdal's contributions to the study of the ecology of social theory in the United States. The detailed program can be found in the attached pdf file. • UCLA’s African Studies Center and Globalization Research Center-Africa will host a Spring, 2004 conference on Bunche’s tremendous impact on the decolonization of Africa. The conference, "Trustee for the Human Community": Ralph Bunche and the Decolonization of Africa," will be held on June3-4, 2004, and is organized by the Marcus Garvey Papers Project and the Globalization Research Center-Africa under the auspices of the James. S. Coleman African Studies Center. For more information, visit the Research Center Web site. Contact: Letisia Marquez, (310) 206-3986, lmarquez@suppport.ucla.edu. Kenny Burrell premieres musical composition in honor of Bunche Kenny Burrell, UCLA professor of music and ethnomusicology, founder and director of the university’s jazz studies, and one of the all-time greatest jazz guitarists, will premiere a commissioned musical composition in honor of Bunche on June 10 in Schoenberg Hall. Activities under consideration • Unveiling of a new poster marking the centennial by prominent Los Angeles muralist Judy Baca, art professor with UCLA’s César E. Chávez Center for Interdisciplinary Instruction. • Coordination by the Bunche Center and UCLA Government and Community Relations of efforts to secure governmental proclamations honoring Bunche’s contributions and his family. Contact: Carlene Brown, 310-825-4017, carleneb@college.ucla.edu. Back to Top Kick-off Centenary event Ralph Bunche Scholars Summer Institute Induction Ceremony - Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton Keynote Speaker Mayor Anthony A. Williams Proclaims August 7, 2003 "Ralph Bunche Day" In recognition of the Ralph Bunche Centenary Commemoration (August 2003 - August 2004), the Washington Ralph Bunche Centenary Committee will launch the Washington region year-long commemoration of the legacy of Dr. Ralph Johnson Bunche with an induction ceremony honoring eighteen DC Public Schools high school students who have completed the three-weekRalph Bunche Scholars Summer Institute. Educational Outreach “Successor Generation” educational outreach programs will focus on youth, K-12 and university level. This is the principal program of the committee that will be Beta tested in Washington and shared with other legacy cities at the completion of the project development. DC Public Schools K-12 Curricula phase, August 2003. DC Public Schools Teachers’ summer workshop, summer 2003 - Phelps Stokes Fund and the Washington DC School System. Ralph Bunche Read, Write and Share program. Phelps Stokes Fund. Fall 2003. Ralph Bunche Leadership Development program. Phelps Stokes Fund. Fall 2003. Philip Merrill Fellowship Essay Contest and two-year MA scholarship dedicated to the legacy of Dr. Ralph Bunche. - Paul Nitze School of International Affairs, John Hopkins University and the American Academy of Diplomacy. 2003 and 2004. Bunche Fellowship (Training in foreign languages and area studies). Essay competition - United Negro College Fund. The Ralph Bunche Read, Write and Share Initiative (RBI): Volunteerism and Character Education. High quality books sent to underserved schools and public libraries in the United States and Africa, where shelves are bare and/or lack sufficient educational materials - Phelps Stokes Fund. Ralph Bunche Summer Institute This first-ever Ralph Bunche Scholars Summer Institute was an intensive summer enrichment program co-sponsored by the DC Public Schools Office of Advanced Programs and the Office of International Programs, with financial support from the United Nations Foundation, and assistance from members of the local Bunche Centenary Committee. As the Washington “Successor Generation” anchor program, it was designed for students interested in world affairs, and particularly those considering international careers. Those students who complete the program are designated Ralph Bunche Scholars, and will continue to meet throughout the school year to continue their educational program and to educate other students and community members about the life and legacy of Ralph Bunche. The August 7 induction ceremony marks the beginning of the celebration of the legacy of a great American! Ralph Bunche Scholars Program Closing Event On August 2, 2004 the Washington Regional Ralph Bunche centenary Coordinating Committee and the District of Columbia Public Schools celebrated the closing of the Ralph Bunche Scholars 2003-2004 Program. The program exposed DCPS students and teachers to he life and legacy of Dr. Bunche and the challenges of global citizenship. The programs developed in Washington will be made available for implementation nationwide. Establishment of Ralph Bunche Societies in HBCUs and other colleges and universities in the Washington regional corridor area - Washington Coordinating Committee. The Ralph Bunche Library, US Department of State. September 18, 2003. Distinguished Lecturer, Sir Brian Urquhart - National Defense University - September 24, 2003. Ralph J. Bunche Africa Leadership Policy Round-table - Constituency for Africa 2003 Ronald H. Brown African Affairs Series - September 25. Lunch and Learn program, UN Day celebration (Bunche emphasis), and Bunche article in UN Vision - United Nations Association of the National Capital Area. Two Bunche seminars; Global Aids and Women in Africa -Global Alliance for Women's Health. Back to Top
7734	dbpedia	0	28	https://www.inhea.org/ahen/ghana/	en	International Network for Higher Education in Africa	http://inhea.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/logo_ukzn.png	http://inhea.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/logo_ukzn.png	[ "http://www.inhea.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/logo.png", "https://www.inhea.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/1438246523469.png", "https://www.inhea.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/leftnav-image_img.gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	31 July 2024 University of Ghana to Unveil New Vision and Strategic Priorities to Achieve Global Impact University of Ghana unveils ambitious five-year plan to bolster global impact through innovation, research, and student experience. The institution aims to transform lives and societies by leveraging technology and a people-centered approach. Read more International Education Summit Opened … Continue reading →	en	http://inhea.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/logo_ukzn.png	International Network for Higher Education in Africa	https://www.inhea.org/ahen/ghana/	31 July 2024 University of Ghana to Unveil New Vision and Strategic Priorities to Achieve Global Impact University of Ghana unveils ambitious five-year plan to bolster global impact through innovation, research, and student experience. The institution aims to transform lives and societies by leveraging technology and a people-centered approach. Read more International Education Summit Opened in Accra A four-day International Educators Summit in Accra addressed education challenges and explored technological advancements. Organized by the Ghana Chapter of ASCD, the event emphasized leadership, future learning, and bridging the digital divide to transform education in Africa. Read more Experts Propose Solutions for Restoring Macroeconomic Stability Ghana’s Ministry of Finance and University of Ghana held the first Quarterly Economic Roundtable to address macroeconomic instability. Experts discussed fiscal discipline, debt management, and monetary policy, emphasizing collaboration between academia and policymakers for sustainable economic growth. Read more Private universities to increase lecturers’ salary by 20 per cent Private universities in Ghana will increase lecturers’ salaries by 20% this year and enhance book and research allowances to attract and retain staff. The move addresses challenges with lecturer retention and aims to improve conditions for faculty. Read more Six new universities being established by government to be ready in December 2024 – Education Minister The government plans to establish six new universities by December 2024 to boost tertiary enrollment. This initiative aims for a 40% gross tertiary enrollment ratio by 2030, reflecting significant investment in education infrastructure and digitalization. Read more Foundation inspires over 2,000 students to acquire higher education The Rosemond Ama Yeboah Foundation is empowering Ghanaian students with scholarships and skills training to attain higher education. The organization hosted its first summit to inspire and motivate young people to pursue their academic goals. Read more The University of Ghana embraces gender inclusivity with revised statutes The University of Ghana has revised its statutes to enhance gender inclusivity, incorporating gender-neutral language. This aligns with the Vice Chancellor’s vision for a vibrant, responsive governance system and reflects current national policies. Read more Private universities in Ghana experiencing high attrition rate Private universities in Ghana, including the Catholic University of Ghana (CUG), face high attrition rates among senior lecturers due to poor conditions of service. CUG is increasing salaries and allowances to retain staff and improve their academic standards. Read more 31 May 2024 STEM Education initiative launched for teacher trainees at University of Cape Coast Ghana launched a STEM education initiative for teacher trainees at the University of Cape Coast. This aims to integrate STEM principles throughout the educational system, from primary schools to universities. The government is committed to providing support and facilities for this program. Read more New oceans and coastal data hub to bolster marine research A new data hub launched at the University of Cape Coast aims to be a one-stop shop for information on Africa’s marine resources. The hub will provide free and easy access to data on fisheries, ecosystems, and climate change, with the goal of improving sustainable management of the continent’s oceans. Read more Tertiary education curriculum should address specific national development needs Ghana’s education system is called to align its curriculum with the country’s development goals. A panel discussion highlighted the need for universities to focus on skills relevant to national needs and for stronger collaboration between the government and universities. Read more Overhauling of Ghana’s higher education system key to economic growth – Nikoi Hammond Ghana’s university system needs an overhaul, says Prof. Hammond. He argues current graduates lack practical skills and entrepreneurial drive due to a focus on theory and traditional careers. This mismatch is blamed for high unemployment. Prof. Hammond proposes a shift towards practical skills and entrepreneurship to better equip graduates for the job market. Read more ‘Antagonistic’ state and HE relations a colonial relic? Ghana’s public universities have a historically strained relationship with the government, dating back to colonial times. The government desires control and a focus on development, while universities value autonomy and academic freedom. This tension continues to influence their interactions today. Read more 30 April 2024 University of Ghana Explores Research Collaborations with York University Officials from the University of Ghana (UG) met with representatives from York University to discuss potential research collaborations. The goal is to strengthen ties between the two universities and advance their research goals. This aligns with UG’s vision of becoming a world-class research-intensive university. More The Kumasi Technical University (KsTU) has unveiled the logo and the theme for its 70th anniversary to be celebrated later this year. Kumasi Technical University (KsTU) celebrates 70 years with a logo unveiling and a theme reflecting its legacy in technical and vocational education. The logo represents the university’s “rich heritage, firm commitment and enduring legacy,” according to the Vice-Chancellor. The 80th-anniversary theme, “80 Years of academic excellence, steering the wheels of technical and vocational education,” highlights KsTU’s ongoing mission to prepare students for the workforce. More Actions of GTEC may collapse private universities in Ghana by August 2024 Ghana’s private universities face closure by August 2024 if they fail to meet requirements for a Presidential Charter under a new law. Critics say the deadline is unrealistic and could cripple the tertiary education sector. The Ghana Tertiary Education Commission defends the policy, arguing it will improve quality and autonomy for private institutions. More New initiative gives graduates the edge in the workplace Ghana1000 program bridges the gap between university education and the job market for STEM graduates. This innovative initiative provides crucial data analytics and business skills, boosting confidence and employability. More UDS Management Issues Warning To Admissions, Procurement And Recruitment Fraudsters The University of Development Studies (UDS) in Ghana is warning potential students and employees of scams. Unidentified individuals are posing as UDS representatives to collect fees and offer fake jobs. UDS emphasizes all official payments go through specific banks and recruitment happens through official channels. They advise anyone encountering fraud to report it to the police and UDS. More Ashesi was born to transform African education – Founder Patrick Awuah left his comfortable Microsoft career to transform his home continent. Ashesi University, built on a foundation of philanthropy and academic rigor, is now a top-ranked African institution. Its graduates are in high demand, fueling Ghana’s development. Awuah’s vision extends beyond Ashesi’s walls – he’s spearheading a movement to revolutionize African education. More 31 March 2024 Rethink the establishment of new universities, says expert A Ghanaian education expert is urging reform in university expansion. Christine Adu-Yeboah, an education director, says the focus should be on improving existing programs to address job creation and development. She proposes public-private partnerships for universities in underdeveloped areas. More Government establishing new universities to expand access to higher education – Majority Leader Ghana is building new universities in Mampong, Akrodie, Bunso, and Kintampo to improve access to quality education, particularly teacher training. The government is also revising student loan options to remove financial barriers and increase enrollment. These efforts aim to achieve a 40% college enrollment rate by 2030 and prioritize science and technology degrees. More GTEC Launches Accreditation Management Information System (AMIS) Ghana’s Tertiary Education Commission launched a new digital platform called AMIS to streamline the accreditation process for universities. AMIS replaces the manual system and allows institutions to apply for accreditation online. This is expected to improve efficiency and accessibility. The launch was followed by workshops to train universities on how to use the new system. More 31 January 2024 75th Annual New Year School at Legon to Open Jan 9, 2024 The Annual New Year School and Conference is set to open at the Great Hall and the Cedi Conference Centre of the University of Ghana (UG), Legon on Tuesday, January 9, 2024. Read more 1153 students graduate from Pentecost University The Pentecost University (PU) at the weekend held its 15th Congregation in Accra for 1,153 students who graduated with degrees and certificates in diverse faculties, including business administration, health allied sciences and engineering. Read more African Institute of International Law to Sign an MOU With Scores of African Universities The African Institute of International Law (AIIL), based in Tanzania, has started the process of concluding a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with a few African universities to conduct joint programmes per its mission. Read more CG, GTEC Deepens Accord on Tertiary Education Delivery The Vice Chancellors of Traditional Universities in Ghana (VCG) have affirmed their readiness to continue deepening the existing relationship with the Ghana Tertiary Education Commission (GTEC) towards education development in the country. Read more Do not tamper with our conditions of service – Senior Staff Association of Universities of Ghana The Senior Staff Association of Universities of Ghana says it will not allow anybody to tamper with their conditions of services. According to the National Chairman, their calls for the payment of their Tier 2 pension and overtime allowance have gone unheeded, resulting in the strike. Read more Government to meet striking tertiary workers on February 1 Striking tertiary workers say government has scheduled a meeting with them on Thursday, February 1, 2024. This meeting is expected to address the concerns that have led the members to embark on the industrial action. Read more GTEC Approves New Courses for Universities Over 1000 programmes have been approved by the Ghana Tertiary Education Commission (GTEC) for study by public universities across the country. GTEC says the programmes will help streamline the academic calendar of tertiary institutions. Read more KNUST Places Second at 2024 World Universities Debating Championship, Sets New Record The Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) began the new year on a good note after it achieved an impressive feat at the 2024 World Universities Debating Championship (WUDC) worth acknowledging. Read more KNUST, University of Ghana Jointly Induct 42 Veterinary Medicine Doctors In a historic collaboration, the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) and the University of Ghana, under the auspices of the Ghana Veterinary Council, have inducted a group of 42 veterinary medicine doctors. Read more LASUSTECH, Ghanaian Varsity Partner on Inter-University Cooperation A collaboration that will foster and boost interuniversity cooperation and interaction, scientific and cultural exchange, as well as promote mutual understanding and respect between the people of Nigeria and Ghana has been signed … Read more Ministry of Education Rubbishes Mahama’s Attempt to Undermine WASSCE Candidates Intelligence The Ministry of Education (MoE) has strongly refuted recent claims made by former President John Dramani Mahama regarding lax supervision and collusion in the West Africa Senior Schools Certificate Examination (WASSCE). Read more Nationwide Strike Declared by University Staff The Senior Staff Association of the Public Universities in Ghana (SSA-UoG) and the Federation of Universities Senior Staff (FUSSAG) have declared an indefinite strike with immediate effect over the blatant disregard for their welfare by the government. Read more Senior Staff of Universities Threaten to Strike Over Unpaid Tier-2 Contributions The Senior Staff Association-Universities of Ghana (SSA-UoG) has urged the government to proceed with clearing Tier-2 contributions of its members, else its members will embark on an industrial action on January 15, 2024. Read more Technical University Senior Administrators’ Association of Ghana to Strike on Jan. 8 The National Executive Committee (NEC) of the Technical University Senior Administrators’ Association of Ghana (TUSAAG) has declared a nationwide strike effective Monday, January 8, 2024. Read more TEWU Direct Members to Join Universities Senior Staff Strike The Senior Staff Association of the Public Universities in Ghana and the Federation of Universities Senior Staff (FUSSAG) declared an indefinite nationwide strike on January 17, 2024, over the blatant disregard for their welfare by the government. Read more UEW Undergoing Transformative Shift to A Smart Campus – Vice-Chancellor The Vice-Chancellor of the University of Education, Winneba (UEW), Prof. Stephen Jobson Mitchual, has declared the institution’s commitment to transforming into a smart campus, ushering in an era of technological innovation and efficiency. Read more UG Commissions Toyota Ghana School of Engineering Sciences Training Centre The Vice-Chancellor of the University of Ghana has announced the commissioning of a Toyota Ghana School of Engineering Sciences training centre. According to Professor Nana Aba Appiah Amfo, the centre was opened in October 2023, and aims to provide students with hands-on training and experience in the field of engineering. Read more UG Hosts 75th Annual New Year School; President Akufo-Addo is Special Guest The 75th Annual New Year School and Conference (ANYSC) begins Tuesday, January 9, 2024, at the Great Hall and the ISSER Conference Centre of the University of Ghana (UG), Legon. Read more UG Starts Takoradi, Kumasi City Campuses The University of Ghana (UG) has received accreditation and started the operation of satellite campuses in Takoradi and Kumasi. The Vice-Chancellor of the university, Professor Nana Aba Amfo, who announced this yesterday, said admissions to the two campuses were ongoing. Read more University of Cape Coast Appoints First Visually Impaired Law Lecturer The University of Cape Coast has appointed the first visually impaired person, Carruthers Tetteh, as a lecturer at the Faculty of Law. His appointment which took effect in December 2023, teaches Criminal Law and the Ghana Legal System. Read more University of Dar Es Salam Forges Partnership with KNUST E-Learning Centre in ICT Use for Tertiary Education Delivery Public universities across Africa are turning to the use of e-learning to cope with the rapidly increasing demand for university education. But limited ICT skills has hampered the adoption of e-learning. A four-member team from the University of Dar Es Salam, Tanzania have therefore paid a working visit to the E-Learning Centre … Read more University of Ghana Condemns Assault Incident on Campus The management of the University of Ghana (UG) has condemned the assault of a young man by some persons on the Legon campus. A video of the incident has been shared on social media. Read more University of Ghana Cut-Off Points for Undergraduate Programmes The University of Ghana has published the cut-off points for admission into undergraduate programmes. To be admitted into the undergraduate programmes of the University, applicants should have at least the following grades as published by the University or better. Read more University of Ghana First-Year Students Stranded, No Accommodation for Hundreds A large number of first-year students who have been offered admission to the University of Ghana (UG), Legon, have been left stranded after being told by the management of the various University Halls that there is no accommodation for them. Read more University of Ghana Graduates Advised to Uphold Tenets of Integrity Mr. Anthony Kwasi Sarpong, Senior Partner at KPMG Ghana, has advised University of Ghana graduates to preserve the principles of integrity in their professional endeavours. Read more University of Ghana to Set Up Laptop Assembly Plant to Support Students The University of Ghana, Legon, has awarded contracts for the setting up of a laptop assembly plant on campus to further support students’ access to laptops at highly competitive prices. Read more Universities’ Senior Staff Rejects NLC’s Order to Call Off Strike The Senior Staff Association of Public Universities is maintaining that their strike is ongoing, despite the National Labour Commission’s directive to suspend it. According to the Association’s leadership, they still need to convene and engage in discussions with their members before making any decision… Read more UTAG/TUTAG Threatens Strike Following Walkout from FWSC Meeting The University Teachers Association of Ghana (UTAG) and the Technical University Teachers Association of Ghana (TUTAG) staged a walkout this morning from a meeting with the Fair Wages and Salaries Commission (FWSC), signaling rising tensions in the ongoing negotiations. Read more UTAG-UG Backs Striking Unions, Urges Government to Meet Demands Immediately The University Teachers Association of Ghana, University of Ghana Branch (UTAG-UG) has expressed solidarity with sister unions on strike to press home demands for a better condition of service (CoS). Read more Verify Information Before Broadcasting to Avoid Misinformation The Management of the University of Education, Winneba (UEW) has urged the media and other stakeholders to verify information from credible sources before dissemination to avoid misconceptions and misinformation. Read more We Don’t Operate in Nigeria – UCC Reacts to Nigeria Government Ban The University of Cape Coast (UCC) has reacted to reports of it being banned by the Federal Government of Nigeria over the issuance of questionable degrees. Read more What Challenges Will The HE Sector in Africa Face in 2024? The African Union (AU) has named 2024 as the Year of Education – a reminder to member states to keep pursuing the goals of the Continental Education Strategy for Africa (CESA) and Sustainable Development Goal 4, which aims to ensure inclusive, equitable quality education and lifelong learning for all. Read more WSU Bolsters Relationships with African Universities Washington State University is expanding its relationships with universities in central and western Africa as part of ongoing efforts to further scholarly exchange and leverage expertise to address some of the world’s most pressing challenges. Read more 30 November 2023 30 UGBS Students Benefit From GH₵200000 Fellowship Awards Thirty students of the University of Ghana Business School (UGBS) have benefited from the first Axis Pensions Young Scholars Fellowship awards worth GH₵200,000. The first cohort of beneficiaries, which include seven females, are expected to receive GH₵6,600 each for the academic year. Read more 139 UG Students Benefit from the Vice-Chancellor’s One Student One Laptop Initiative One hundred and thirty-nine (139) students from the University of Ghana have benefitted from the Vice-Chancellor’s One Student One Laptop (1S1L) Initiative, a scheme targeted at enhancing the UG student experience through digitalisation. Read more 175 Tertiary Students Receive Edikan Trust Fund Scholarships The Edikan Trust Fund has awarded educational scholarships to 175 students in the catchment areas of Perseus Mining Ghana Limited in the Central and Western regions. Read more An ‘Accidental’ Academic’s Journey Takes Him to the Top Professor Kwamena Kwansah-Aidoo’s dream was to study journalism and communication as far as he could go, and then end with a job in the media. That did not happen and, so, he calls himself an ‘accidental academic’ Read more Centralised Admission Form System for Prospective University Student Being Piloted By GTEC A system that will enable prospective university students to apply for admission through a centralised platform will be rolled out by the Ghana Tertiary Education Commission (GTEC) from next week. Read more Confucius Institute, Ghanaian University Ink Deal to Boost Chinese Language Learning The Confucius Institute at the University of Ghana and the Accra Technical University (ATU) on Wednesday signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) for the introduction of Chinese language and culture in the school. Read more Construction of Multipurpose Building for UG School of Law Commences The Chief Justice, Justice Gertrude Sackey Torkornoo, has cut the sod for the construction of a $14 million multipurpose building for the University of Ghana School of Law (UGSoL). Read more Department of Communication Studies Hosts Second Edition of the Trends in Media and Communication Conference (TiMC) The Department of Communication Studies has held its 2nd biennial virtual conference to provide a platform for reflecting on the emerging trends in the media and communication spaces globally and in Africa in particular, as powered by fast evolving technology. Read more ‘Disconnect’ Between Agriculture and Nutrition in Focus Africa’s Green Revolution “has let us down”, not because agriculture on the continent is delivering insufficient quantities of food, but because, overall, the food that is being produced is not diverse and nutritious enough, a leading expert told a recent gathering at Stellenbosch University (SU) in South Africa. Read more Education Should Play its Role at COP28, Climate Expert Says The role universities play as centres of learning and bearers of knowledge allows institutions to lead research on climate science and use that knowledge to inform policy-making and practice in both climate adaptation and mitigation, according to Dr Bob Manteaw, … Read more Engineering Emerges as an Area of Strength in Subject Rankings A total of 112 universities in 17 African countries have been ranked in the 20th edition of the Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings by subject 2024, an index that each year lists institutions’ performance in academic fields across 11 selected subject areas. Read more Former UHASS VC Prof Owusu Gyapong is the next African Research Universities Alliance Sec-Gen A former Vice-Chancellor of the University of Health and Allied Sciences in Ho, Professor John Owusu Gyapong will take over as Secretary-General of the African Research Universities Alliance (ARUA) when he retires at the end of July 2024. Read more Ho Technical University Introduces New Programmes Tailored Towards Improving Ghana’s Economy The Ho Technical University (HTU) has received clearance to offer new programmes seeking to produce human resources to help improve Ghana’s economy. Read more Ghana to Have Fully-Fledged Open University Campuses in September Next Year- Dr. Adutwum Dr Yaw Osei adutwum, minister of education, says the country is set to have fully-fledged operationalised open university campuses in september next year. the minister said prospective students could take up online courses from the comfort of their homes or visit the campuses for research. Read more Government to Grant Clearance to All Tertiary Institutions to Recruit, Replace Critical Staff Dr Yaw Osei Adutwum, the Minister of Education, says the government will grant clearance to all public tertiary institutions in the coming months to enable them to recruit and replace critical staff. Read more Government Trains 19000 Apprentices and Master Craft Persons in Seven Years The Government of Ghana through the Commission for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (CTVET) has trained over 19,000 master craft persons and apprentices since 2018 under the Ghana TVET Voucher Project (GTVP). Read more Govt to Establish Digital Youth Village at UG The Ministry of Communication and Digitalisation has unveiled plans to establish a Digital Youth Village at the University of Ghana. The initiative, announced by the Sector Minister, Mrs Ursula Owusu-Ekuful, during the 75th Annual New Year School Conference in Accra, … Read more Incorporate Technology into Teaching Methods – Prof Peter Quartey Urges Universities The Director of the Institute of Statistical, Social, and Economic Research (ISSER) at the University of Ghana, Prof Peter Quartey, is urging more universities to incorporate technology into their teaching methods. Read more Kufuor Foundation Encourages Students in Tertiary Institutions to Join the Kufuor Scholars Program The John A. Kufuor Foundation has called on Level 100 students in the country’s tertiary institutions to join the Kufuor Scholars Program (KSP).A statement issued in Accra by Prof. Baffour Agyeman-Duah, chief executive officer of the Foundation explained the program, … Read more Legon Alumni Unveil Unity Walk For Graduates Of All Universities In Ghana The University of Ghana Alumni Association alongside passionate alumni from various Ghanaian universities is gearing up for the Alumni-Connect event. The 10-kilometer Unity Walk, scheduled for December 1, 2023, at the University of Ghana’s campus, … Read more Mental Health Research Initiative Grows Pool of Scientists Six universities in Africa are continuing an African Mental Health Research Initiative (AMARI) to strengthen a network of researchers whose scientific work focuses on mental, neurological and substance use disorders (MNS). Read more Private Universities Urged to Be Relevant, Excellent and Agile to Be Successful Private Universities need to focus on relevance, agility, and excellence to ensure that their institutions adapt and succeed in the education marketplace. Read more Report Outlines Skills Needs in Africa’s Fashion Industry Countries in Africa struggle to reach their full potential in a fast-developing fashion industry due to limited educational and training systems, a persistent lack of investment and infrastructure in the sector, and insufficient intellectual property protection. Read more Review Focus of Ghana’s Education Trust Fund, Urge Experts The work of the Ghana Education Trust Fund (GETFund) needs to be reviewed, with more emphasis on its financial support to higher education institutions than on the pre-tertiary sector, to enable universities to finance infrastructure projects to cope with high enrolment numbers, said Abednego Feehi Okoe Amartey, the vice-chancellor of the University of Professional Studies, Accra (UPSA) in Ghana. Read more See 2023/2024 SHS Academic Calendar; First-Year Students to Report Dec. 4 First-year senior high school (SHS) students who are awaiting their Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE) results will report to school on December 4, 2023. Read more Skills Development for Nuclear Energy Management in Africa Thirteen member states were represented at this year’s Nuclear Energy Management school, hosted by the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa). Read more Study Identifies Leaders in AI-Driven Healthcare Research Although South Africa is in the third position of the top 10 productive countries in the world regarding artificial intelligence (AI) for healthcare research in Africa after the United Kingdom and the United States, it has only one university – the University of Cape Town – included in the list of the top 10 institutions in the world. Read more TEST for Ghana Donors Meet with Beneficiaries at UG The donors and trustees of the Tertiary Education Scholarship Trust (TEST) for Ghana, have held a meeting with beneficiaries across Ghana at the Executive Hall of the University of Ghana Business School. Read more Transform Universities into Entrepreneurial-Centred Institutions Universities in the country have been urged to transform themselves into entrepreneurial-centred institutions to prepare the teeming youth to establish their own businesses. Read more UGMS and West Indies University Sign MoU for Transnational Medical Programme The University of Ghana Medical School (UGMS) and the University of West Indies (UWI) have signed an agreement for a joint medical exchange programme. The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) is to promote cultural diversity in medical education. Read more UG’s Prof Eric Danquah Appointed Member Of UK-CGIAR Centre’s Science and Impact Advisory Group Founding Director of the West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement at the University of Ghana, Prof. Eric Danquah, has been appointed a member of the advisory group of the UK-CGIAR Centre, which Prime Minister Rishi Sunak launched on Monday. Read more UJ Continues Its Trailblazing Research Excellence Path – Organises Writing Retreat … The University of Johannesburg (UJ) was recently ranked #1 in South Africa for its research output, #1 in the world in terms of SDG 1 and it’s School of Tourism and Hospitality was also recently recognised in the Shanghai rankings as # in Africa and #6 in the world. Read more Vice-Chancellor Nana Aba Appiah Amfo Elected ARUA Board Vice-Chair ice-Chancellor of the University, Prof. Nana Aba Appiah Amfo, has been elected as the Vice-Chair of the African Research Universities Alliance (ARUA) Board. The election took place on Tuesday, November 14, 2023 at an ARUA meeting held at the University of Lagos, Nigeria. Read more Webster University Ghana campus announces transition to Teach-Out Mode Webster University, a distinguished American institution founded in 1915, has been committed to delivering a transformative global education experience for over a century. Read more We Have Made Major Strides in Resolving Student Portal Issue The Vice-Chancellor of the University of Education, Winneba (UEW), Prof. Stephen Jobson Mitchual, has unveiled his administration’s dedicated efforts to address nearly 98% of student portal issues, ensuring a seamless academic experience at the institution. Read more Wisconsin International University College holds 4th matriculation Young people’s interest and involvement in politics in Ghana is a thriving trend in many tertiary institutions. Head of the Kumasi campus of the Wisconsin International University College, Prof. Kofi Sraku-Lartey, is entreating the youth to cherish consensus building to be able to solve Ghana’s leadership challenges. Read more 31 October 2023 60 Tertiary Students Benefit From GH₵1mvra Scholarship The scholarship from the Volta River Authority (VRA) is intended to support the beneficiaries chosen from some communities in its operational areas in the Eastern and Volta Regions. Read more CMS Launches Project to Strengthen Knowledge, Evidence Use on Displacement The Centre for Migration Studies (CMS), University of Ghana, Legon has launched a project to Strengthen Knowledge, Evidence Use, and Leadership in the Global South on Forced Displacement with a focus on Anglophone West African countries. Read more Collaborate To Fight Breast Cancer – UG Vice-Chancellor The Vice-Chancellor of the University of Ghana, Professor Nana Aba Appiah Amfo, has called for a collaborative approach to address the multifaceted challenges of breast cancer. She said it was imperative to stand together, shoulder to shoulder, to bridge the gaps in awareness,… Read more CUG Records Highest Admission of Freshers in Two Decades The Catholic University of Ghana (CUG) at the weekend admitted 2,042 fresh students for the 2022/2023 academic year to pursue various degrees, diploma and certificate programmes. …Read more Ghanaian Students Selected for Specialized Energy Law Training in Europe The University of Groningen in the Netherlands has recently handpicked ten students specializing in LLM Energy Law to undergo specialized training in oil & gas contracts, petroleum, natural gas, renewable energy, and LNG agreements at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark, scheduled for 2024. Read more Ghana’s Premier University Holds Wear UG Day as Part Of 75th Anniversary Celebration As part of its 75th-anniversary celebrations, Ghana’s premier university held the Wear UG day to showcase various designs of the University of Ghana anniversary cloth. Read more Ghana’s Quest to Revolutionize Industrial Sector Will be Fruitless Without STEM Education The Minister of Education, Dr Osei Yaw Adutwum says Ghana’s quest to revolutionize its industrial sector will be a fruitless move without a strong foundation in Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics STEM education in the country. Read more Graphic Business Tertiary Business Sense Final October 21 The grand final of the Graphic Business Tertiary Business Sense Challenge (Version 5.0) has been slated for, Saturday, October 21, 2023, at the studios of TV3 in Accra. Read more GTEC Suspends Accreditation Of New Programmes For Public Universities The Ghana Tertiary Education Commission (GTEC) has suspended the processing of new accreditation applications for academic programmes from all public universities, including technical universities, with immediate effect until January 1, 2024. Read more Ho Technical University is the Best in Hospitality and Culinary Skills… The Ho Technical University (HTU) vice-chancellor, Prof Ben O. Honyenuga, has commended the school for its remarkable hospitality and culinary expertise. Read more In Search of a Pan-African Homeland and Education Everywhere we look in our global village, we find the Chinese being educated to be Chinese, Americans to be American and Europeans to be Europeans, and so we can go on. The African, on the other hand, has been and is still being educated to be Arabic, European, or European American. Read more KNUST, Industry Form Strategic Partnership for Economic Transformation The Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) is forging strategic partnerships with the industrial sector to strengthen research and technological advancement. Professor Mrs. Rita Akosua Dickson, the Vice-Chancellor, said the ultimate goal was to drive economic transformation through… Read more Mahama to speak at Universities Studying Slavery Conference 2023 Former President John Dramani Mahama will deliver a keynote speech at the Universities Studying Slavery (USS) Conference 2023 in Halifax, Nova Scotia. The conference will focus on the theme “Slavery, Reparations, and Education:… Read more Methodist University Ghana holds 24th matriculation The Methodist University Ghana (MUG) has held its 24th matriculation ceremony for newly admitted students for the 2023/2024 academic year group.The ceremony, which took place last Wednesday, ushered 567 fresh students into various academic faculties and programmes of the university. Read more No Solutions Yet to Funding The ‘New’ African University Funding crises have been among the most intractable problems facing African universities during the entire post-independence period. While the new agenda proposing a ‘new African university’ has focused on identity, potential missions, and philosophical standpoints, few ideas on how to finance these institutions have been offered. Read more Old Vandals Association Accuses UG Management of Deliberate Vindictiveness Against Affiliates Of Commonwealth Hall The rift between the Old Vandals Association (OVA) and the management of the University of Ghana continues to deepen as the former accuses the latter of a deep-seated hatred against affiliates of the Commonwealth Hall. Read more Presbyterian University, Ghana Inducts First Vice Chancellor The Vice Chancellor of the Presbyterian University, Ghana, Prof. John Ofosu-Anim has been inducted into office. Prof. Ofosu-Anim becomes the first Vice-Chancellor of the university after it received the Presidential Charter making it a full-fledged University in August 2022. Read more Prof. Benedicta Yayra Fosu-Mensah Promoted to Associate Professor The Council of University of Ghana has approved the well-deserved promotion of Dr. Benedicta Yayra Fosu-Mensah to the prestigious rank of Associate Professor in Environmental Assessment. Read more Professor Ofosu-Anim Takes over as Vice-Chancellor of Presbyterian University Professor John Ofosu-Anim, formerly of the University of Ghana (UG) and the Central University, has been inducted into office as the Vice-Chancellor of Presbyterian University, Ghana (PUG). Read more QAFANA Establishes Excellence Centre in Ghana to Improve Nutritional Assessment The Quality Assurance Framework Network for Assessment of Nutrition, Africa (QAFANA) has established a centre of excellence in Ghana. The centre seeks to create a quality assurance framework for proper assessment of nutritional status. Read more Students in Africa Are Among the Most Dissatisfied Globally African universities score poorly on all metrics of student satisfaction save for online classroom experience where South African institutions scored higher than the global average, according to the 2023 Global Student Satisfaction Awards report just released. Read more Tertiary Business Sense Challenge: University of Education Winneba are champions First-time finalists, University of Education Winneba (UEW), shocked the nation at the weekend, when they won the coveted title as the new champions of the Tertiary Business Sense Challenge (TBSC) Version 5.0.With overwhelming support from scores of their fans, …Read more The Association of African Universities Expresses Solidarity and Urges Global Support for Sudan’s Academic Community Amidst Crisis In response to the ongoing crisis affecting universities and other higher education institutions in Sudan, the Association of African Universities (AAU), headquartered in Accra, Ghana, has expressed great concern for the plight and current travails of both the staff and students, who are caught in the midst of the devasting war in the country. Read more UCC Confers 52nd Honorary Doctorate on Harvard Prof. of African American Studies The University of Cape Coast (UCC) has conferred an honorary doctorate on Prof. Emmanuel Kwaku Akyeampong, a Professor of African and African American history at Harvard University. Read more UG Launches Internship Policy for Graduates The University of Ghana (UG) has launched its Internship Policy, Strategy and Implementation Framework to institutionalise internship programmes, formalise internship arrangements with partners to integrate and prioritise internship activities in units. Read more UG School of Public Health Launches Health Economics Hubs in Ghana The Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana in collaboration with the Africa Centre for Disease Control (CDC) has launched the establishment of the Regional Health Economics, Policy, and Systems (RHEPS) hubs in Ghana. Read more UG-UTAG Urges Govt to Fight Corruption, Manage Economy Properly to Secure Ghanas Peace The University of Ghana branch of the University Teachers Association of Ghana (UG-UTAG) has issued a press release to emphasise that it does not support a coup in Ghana. Read more Universities to Apply for Reaccreditation of Programmes The Ghana Tertiary Education Commission has suspended the accreditation of new academic programmes for public universities to get them to put in place measures to go through the accreditation process for existing programmes that have expired, John Dadzie-Mensah, deputy executive secretary at the National Accreditation Board, said. Read more University of Ghana and Toyota inaugurates School of Engineering Sciences Training Centre The University of Ghana (UG) and Toyota Ghana have jointly inaugurated the School of Engineering Sciences Training Centre and a new Toyota branch at Legon, both facilities, with a combined value of $1 million, were generously supported by Toyota Ghana. Read more University of Ghana Conquers Africa with 7 Gold Medals at 2023 Rugby & Tennis FASU Championship The University of Ghana chalked success at the 2023 Rugby and Tennis Federation of Africa University Sports (FASU) Championship in Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, after winning seven out of eight gold medals. Read more University of Ghana Launches Internship Policy for Students The University of Ghana (UG) has launched an internship policy for students. The policy will enable them to apply for internship opportunities with organisations and institutions while in school. Read more University of Ghana to Sack Students with CGPA Below 1.00 The management of the University of Ghana (UG) has announced the withdrawal of some continuing undergraduate students who have a cumulative grade point average (CGPA) below 1.00. Read more Universities Set to Battle in Ghana’s Epic Statsbank Hackathon In a groundbreaking collaboration, the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) and Statistics Denmark have ignited a data-driven revolution with the inaugural “StatsBank Hackathon” for university students. Read more We’re Fixing the Challenges with Students Accommodation… The Vice Chancellor of University of Ghana (UG), Prof. Nana Aba Appiah Amfo, has assured that her office is working assiduously to fix the challenges of accommodation in the institution. Read more 30 September 2023 3 Technical Universities to Vie for ₵ 20K in Joy Prime’s ‘Big Chef Tertiary Kitchen’ The grand finale of the maiden edition of the buzzing tertiary culinary competition, Big Chef Tertiary on Joy Prime, is finally here. Three out of the six universities that began the show are left to prove their culinary skills and win the bragging rights for their school as the best technical university in terms of cooking. Read more AI is the Future. There’s No Time for Academic Laggards As we continue to advance in the 21st century, we see ourselves already living in the era of artificial intelligence (AI) which defines and is arguably the future. Read more Diverse Funding Sources Needed to Ensure Equal Access Despite higher enrolment at private higher education institutions in Ghana, there is concern about quality because of insufficient funding, said Justice Ray Achoanya Ayam, a consultant and former chair of the committee of registrars and finance officers of private universities. Read more Do not Ban Activities of School Groups Because of The Death of the Chief Priest … The National Union of Ghana Students (NUGS) has kicked against the banning of traditional rites and other activities of groups in the various Universities. Read more Founder of Valley View University Goes Home The late Pastor Professor Jacob Jonas Nii Klu Nortey was a Christian Church finance educationist who rose through the ranks to be a Vice President of the Seventh Day Adventist Church worldwide. Read more Ghana Gas Cuts Sod for 200-Bed Hospital at UENR Ghana National Gas Company has cut sod in a ceremony to mark the commencement of construction works on a 200-bed capacity hospital at the University of Energy and Natural Resources (UENR). The hospital is to provide healthcare for students, staff and the entire community in Sunyani. Read more Govt Will Continue to Strengthen TVET Education – Akufo-Addo The President, Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, has reiterated government’s resolve to strengthen Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in the country. Read more Graphic Business Tertiary Business Sense Challenge: UEW, UCC Advance to Finals Two schools have qualified for the grand finale of the Graphic Business Tertiary Business Sense Challenge (TBSC) Version 5.0 to be held in Accra. They are the University of Education, Winneba (UEW), and the University of Cape Coast (UCC). Read more Meet Prof Browne Klutse the First-Ever Female Head of the Physics Department of The University of Ghana Largely there exists a huge disparity between males and females when it comes to education in Ghana, particularly at the highest levels. Data from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) indicates that only 14 per cent of all students attending university are female… Read more Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso Feel Impact of France’s Visa Call France has suspended student mobility with Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso and told new students from those countries who were about to start studies in France that they may not come after all. Current scholarship students without valid visas will also not be able to travel to France. Read more Some Strides to Include Climate Change in Curricula “We call for a comprehensive and systemic response to the incipient debt crisis outside default frameworks to create the fiscal space that all developing countries need to finance development and climate action,” African leaders said in the Nairobi Declaration on Climate Change and Call to Action adopted at the conclusion of the Africa Climate Summit… Read more Study Points to Benefits of Getting to Grips with Plagiarism A recent study argues that the quality of teaching, learning, and research in Sub-Saharan African universities will improve if the key forms of plagiarism and factors or conditions that open opportunities for plagiarism among students and academics are resolved. Read more Two Universities to Receive Practical Content in Biomedical Engineering The Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) and the University of Ghana, Legon, will on Tuesday September 19, 2023, receive a more practical content in Biomedical Engineering (BME) courses. Read more Universities Urged to Introduce Climate Information Systems in Curricula Universities in Western Africa have been urged to redesign their curricula with special focus on climate information systems and smart agricultural production techniques. Read more University of Vaasa awards Ghana’s Lukumanu Iddrisu’s thesis as the top-performing one in 2022 Finnish-based Ghanaian scholar and marketing expert, Lukumanu Iddrisu has been awarded with the best thesis in 2022 in his Master’s programme in strategic business development. Read more Universities Must Not Rely on Fees to Run Programmes – Varsity Don University authorities especially in developing countries must adopt measures that will ensure that their institutions become self-financing instead of relying solely on fees paid by students. Read more 31 August 2023 Accra Technical University to Introduce Courses for Informal Workers The Accra Technical University (ATU) has initiated steps to introduce short courses and offer certification for informal sector workers seeking to build their capacities and expand their scope of knowledge. Read more Africa is Home to the Oldest and Youngest Universities The African continent is home to four of the world’s oldest universities and also to some of the planet’s youngest, first-ever universities in a given country, with some countries having established their first institutions less than 10 years ago. Read more Africa-Russia HE Cooperation Plan Reflects Geopolitical Tussles Africa and Russia are planning to cooperate more closely in the higher education and scientific research spheres, including formulating joint research and educational projects in nuclear, space, and digital technologies along with artificial intelligence, networking among Russian and African universities, and enhancing student and academic mobility. Read more Be Committed to The Dev’t Of KNUST – Vice Chancellor Urges Alumni Prof. Rita Akosua Dickson, the Vice Chancellor of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), has challenged all its Alumni members to be committed to the development of the University. Read more Big Chef Tertiary: Ho Technical University Wins Star School For 2nd Time Ho Technical University emerged as the winner for the second time after wowing the judges with their indomie meal. The episode came with a huge twist, as the normal routine of judges providing ingredients in the mystery basket for contestants to prepare a specific dish was scrapped. Read more Catholic University Appoints Rev. Fr. Prof. Amponsah as Pro VC The Governing Council of the Catholic University of Ghana (CUG) has appointed Rev Fr Professor Peter Nkrumah Amponsah as the Pro Vice-Chancellor of the University. Read more DVLA Announces Programme to Make Driver’s License Accessible to Tertiary Students The Driver Vehicle and Licensing Authority (DVLA) has announced it will soon implement a programme in the tertiary institutions for students to easily access driver’s license on campus. Read more Find Innovative Solutions to the Housing Crisis, Says AAU Head African universities need to be innovative to find sustainable ways to finance infrastructure projects on their campuses, as the lack of structures to support the admission of more students is denying many students who qualify the opportunity to enter tertiary education institutions, … Read more Focus Research on Addressing Societal and Economic Challenges- President to Universities President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo has called on Ghanaian educational institutions to focus their research on addressing social challenges and achieving economic prosperity. Read more GFA President Joins UG’s Sports Advisory Board Ghana Football Association (GFA) President Kurt Okraku has been appointed to the Sports Advisory Board of the University of Ghana, Legon. The board, consisting of 18 members from academia, the private sector, and the football community, is tasked with creating a comprehensive sports plan to encourage participation … Read more Ghana’s FSHS And TVET Benefit Nearly 2.2 Million Students Nearly 2.2 million students in the country have benefited from the government’s flagship free Senior High School (FSHS) and the free Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET) programmes, the Reverend John Ntim Fordjour, a Deputy Minister of Education has said. Read more Ghana University Administrators Call for Suspension of ‘Obnoxious’ Directive on Payment of Allowances The Ghana Association of University Administrators (GAUA) has urged the Ghana Tertiary Education Commission (GTEC) to suspend the “obnoxious” directive regarding the payment of allowances to office holders in public universities. Read more Government Grants New Scholarships to Over 4,000 Tertiary Students The government has through the Ghana Education Trust Fund (GETFund), awarded new scholarships to 4,279 students schooling in the various universities and colleges in Ghana. The awardees cut across the respective programmes of undergraduate and postgraduate studies. Read more Governments Should Value the Teaching Profession The education sector on the African continent faces various challenges, some of which always recur. They include funding, strikes and protests, poor education systems (the leading challenge), weak education policies and socio-economic issues. Read more Green Buildings: A Sustainable Path to Student Housing? The increase in African urbanisation and shortage of campus accommodation due to the growth of the student population are making the adoption of green building practices an environmentally friendly and sustainable path to resilient, affordable housing. Read more Interventions, Partnerships to Bridge STEM Gender Gap Vital The Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) in Kumasi, Ghana, is keen to bridge the gender gap in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) with targeted policy interventions and partnerships to draw in more girls to the sector, … Read more Let Us Recruit Industry Players to Teach TVET A Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) expert and consultant, Dr George Afeti, has said for effective teaching of TVET, there is a need to bring in instructors who possess relevant professional and workplace experience. Read more NHIA Partners with KOFIH to Train Staff, and Others at UGBS National Health Insurance Authority staff are set to receive training from the University of Ghana Business School (UGBS). The training program which is the fruition of a partnership between the NHIA and the Korea Foundation for International Healthcare (KOFIH) will see staff of the authority and its Ethiopian counterpart study at the UGBS. Read more ‘One Day, It May Well Happen’ – Akufo-Addo on Renaming of University of Ghana After J.B. Danquah President Nana Akufo-Addo is convinced posterity will be kind to Joseph Boakye Danquah for his role in the establishment of Ghana’s premier tertiary institution, the University of Ghana. Read more ‘Our Tertiary Education Makes Me Nervous; Creates High Unemployment Rate’… Yaw Osafo-Maafo, the Senior Presidential Advisor to President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo has expressed deep concern over the issue of graduate unemployment in Ghana. Read more Professor Gyampo Elected UTAG-UG President A professor at the political science department of the University of Ghana Ransford Gyampo has been elected President of the University of Ghana (UG) branch of the University Teachers Association of Ghana (UTAG). He was elected with 93.3 percent of the total valid votes cast. Read more Scheme Helps Women Scientists to Juggle Work and Family Phoebe Kalelwa Murunga, a masters student in environmental studies at Kenyatta University in Kenya, had to interrupt her postgraduate studies for about a year after she fell pregnant and had her baby. Read more Student Housing Set to Become One of Biggest Challenges in HE The shortage of quality and affordable housing units to accommodate university students has become one of the major challenges facing the higher education sector in Sub-Saharan Africa, according to Adamou Labara, the International Finance Corporation’s (IFC) country manager in South Africa. Read more Study Shows Low Coverage of Female Academic Leadership By The Ghanaian Media A study conducted by three lecturers of UniMAC-GIJ revealed that the Ghanaian media spent limited space covering the feats achieved by females in academia, unlike their counterparts in other professions. Read more Sub-Saharan Africa Leads Enrolments in Professional Courses The Sub-Saharan African region has the highest year-on-year average growth rate in the world in the number of people enrolling for professional certificate courses, a new study by a global trainer has found. Read more Tertiary Students Advised to Pursue Entrepreneurship to Ease Youth Unemployment The challenge of unemployment and low-grade jobs among the youth remains a major concern for government and all stakeholders. Every year, over 100 thousand young graduates from tertiary institutions join the already choked employment market. Read more Traditional Universities Add to High Unemployment Rate in Ghana Mr. Peter Antwi Boasiako, the Deputy Director General of the Commission for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (CTVET) has called on regulators to cut down students enrolled on less demand-driven and industry led programmes at various universities. Read more TUTAG Backs Bolgatanga Technical University Teachers’ Strike Over Poor Conditions of Service Technical University Teachers’ Association of Ghana (TUTAG) has backed the Bolgatanga Technical University (BTU) Chapter of TUTAG on its ongoing industrial action. Read more UCC’s Rose Amoanimaa Yeboah Wins Gold for Ghana at World University Games Rose Amoanimaa Yeboah, Ghana’s accomplished high jumper, has achieved a remarkable feat by clinching the gold medal at the ongoing FISU World University Games 2023. Read more UEW Scholars Engage NCPD on Removal of Barriers for Disability-Inclusive Transport System The research project, dubbed SITUATE-2, seeks to find viable solutions to the barriers the UEW researchers identified in SITUATE-1, which focused on a policy and practice agenda for a disability-inclusive urban transport system in Accra and Nairobi. Read more University of Ghana co-hosts Sub-regional Symposium on Marine Science The West Africa Marine Science Community has announced its maiden edition of the West Africa Marine Science Symposium (WAMSS) that will happen from 18th to 20th August 2023. Read more University of Ghana Holds Congregation for 310 Undergraduate Students Three hundred and ten (310) undergraduate students have graduated from the School of Law, Medical School and the School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences at the University of Ghana. Read more Women Still ‘Grossly’ Under-Represented as Academic Leaders Despite making great strides in various spheres of socio-economic life, African women remain grossly under-represented in academic leadership positions. Less than three out of every 100 universities are led by women vice-chancellors. Read more 31 July 2023 10 Public Universities Provided $15m Grant for Research Ten African public universities, including the University of Ghana (UG) and the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), have been provided a grant of $15 million to conduct research on food security and other development challenges facing the continent. Read more 54% Of African Student Visa Applications Denied by the US African students who apply to study at universities and colleges in the United States experience the highest visa refusal rates of all international students applying to study in the US with more than half of all applicants rejected in 2022. Read more Academic Progressing of TVET Students: CTVET Revises Grading System The Commission of Technical, Vocational and Education Training (CTVET) has revised the grading systems of its Certificate II Core and Elective examinations beginning the 2023 Certificate II Examinations and other examinations for technical students. Read more Application for Accreditation Not the Same as Accredited – GTEC Tells Tertiary Institutions The Deputy Director General of the Ghana Tertiary Education Commission (GTEC), Professor Ahmed Abdulai Jinapor, says it is not automatic for an institution to receive accreditation after it has tended in its application. Read more Graduates From Tertiary Institution Mustn’t Struggle for Job – Prof. Melissa to KNUST The Chancellor of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Professor Mellissa Nobles has advised authorities of tertiary institutions to focus on producing an all-round student capable of solving the myriad of challenges bedeviling society. Read more Hitz Tertiary Brings Ghana Communication Technology University to a Standstill The Energy and Excitement At The Second Edition of Hitz Tertiary Were Electrifying As Students Of The Ghana Communications Technology University Were Calling For Round 2 Of The Event. Read more ISSER to Host Climate Finance Conference on Wednesday The Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER), University of Ghana, will host an international conference on climate finance and sustainable energy transition in Africa. Read more KNUST Initiates Agenda to Build E-Learning Culture Mr. Dale P. Johnson, Director of Digital Transformation, Arizona State University (ASU), has urged Ghanaian higher educational institutions to build digital learning culture. Read more Mary Chinery-Hesse Re-Appointed as University of Ghana Chancellor The University of Ghana has announced Mary Chinery-Hesse as Chancellor for a second term. This decision was taken after a meeting held by the University’s Council on July 6, 2023. Read more Nelson Mandela University to Host Thousands of Youths in a Coding Tournament on Mandela Day As the country takes steps to boost Maths, Science and Technology in schools, Nelson Mandela University, Tangible Africa and the Leva Foundation are set to host thousands of young people in a coding tournament on Mandela Day. Approximately 10,000 learners from across Africa and abroad will participate in the event, … Read more PURC Embarks on Tariff Education in Universities Across the Country In a bid to foster energy consciousness and empower the youth with valuable knowledge on sustainable energy usage, the Public Utilities and Regulatory Commission (PURC) is undertaking a tariff education programme in public universities across the country. Read more Strike Looms in Bolga Technical University Over End of Service Benefits Bolgatanga Technical University (BTU) Branch of the Technical University Teachers’ Association of Ghana (TUTAG), has hinted at plans to embark on an industrial action effective July 31, 2023. Read more Takoradi Technical University’s Ghacem Hall renamed as Prof Duncan Hall The Management of Takoradi Technical University with the approval of the school’s governing council has renamed the Ghacem Hall to Prof. Duncan Hall. Read more Ucc and Indonesian Universities Scout Out Educational Opportunities Ghana’s number one tertiary institution for the 2022/2023 academic year, the University of Cape Coast (UCC) in the Central Region has begun exploring various educational opportunities and collaborative programmes available in the Republic of Indonesia for the benefit of its students, lecturers, and faculties. Read more UGBS Begins 2nd Phase of Graduate Lecture Halls The Construction of a GH₵145-million five storey Lecture Hall Complex project at the University of Ghana Business School (UGBS) has begun.The edifice which is being constructed by Grow Engineering Firm has lecture halls housing 1,300 students, a cafeteria with 120 seating capacity, a library and an e-learning centre. Read more UG Gives Laptops to 75 Graduate Students The University of Ghana (UG) has presented laptops to 75 graduate students of four medical schools in Accra. The ceremony formed part of activities to commemorate the university’s 75th anniversary celebration. Read more UG’s Cape Coast Learning Centre Equipped with Internet Facility Mrs. Emelia Agyei-Mensah, Registrar of the UG told the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) of Parliament in Accra, that following the 2021 Auditor-General’s Report, which indicated that their Cape Coast Learning Centre had no internet access, the University has since refurbished the Centre and equipped it with internet. Read more UG, KNUST Run Unapproved Courses – Authorities Move to Rectify Anomaly The 2021 Auditor General’s Report has revealed that the University of Ghana, Legon, is running 371 unaccredited programmes, including 80 undergraduate courses. The unaccredited programmes also include 213 postgraduate and 67 Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) courses. Read more UG Management, SRC Must Form Council to Beat Down ‘Outrageous’ Hostel Fees The management of the University of Ghana and the students’ representative council must form a committee to negotiate private hostel prices on campus, the ranking member on the education committee of parliament, Peter Nortsu-Kotoe has said. Read more UG SRC Presidential Hopeful, Hamza Kwame Sahadu Promises to Serve in Students Interest Students undoubtedly at the Apex University of Ghana in respect to seniority, age factor and most likely knowledgeability as some may put it is concerned is in a distressful moment. This moment requires a mighty vessel stronger and tougher than the “titanic” and most importantly durable than OceanGate recently imploded submersible. Read more UG Vice Chancellor Urges Adoption of Conventional Wisdom to Address Climate Change, Global Health Crises The Vice-Chancellor of the University of Ghana, Prof. Nana Aba Appiah Amfo, is pushing for the adoption of forward-looking approaches in responding to climate change, global health crises, and socioeconomic inequalities. Read more University of Ghana Council Approves Promotion of Dr Lydia Mosi to Associate Professor The University of Ghana Council has approved the promotion of Dr Lydia Mosi to the rank of Associate Professor.This makes her the third female to achieve a professorial rank in the Department of Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology at the University of Ghana. Read more University Of Ghana Vice Chancellor Pleased with Progress for Accra 2023 After Inspection University of Ghana vice chancellor Nana Aba Appiah Amfo has said that she expects to meet the criteria to stage international competition before the end of 2023 in preparation for next year’s delayed African Games. Read more Vodafone Ghana and University of Ghana SRC Collaborate to Successfully Organise Healthfest for the University Community Vodafone Ghana Foundation, in collaboration with the University of Ghana (UG) Student Representative Council (SRC), has successfully organised health screening during the 2023 UG SRC Week Celebrations. Read more 31 May 2023 Ghanaian Varsity Storms Nigeria for Students Officials of the University of Ghana Business School were in Nigeria in a recruitment drive for students into different courses offered by the institution. Read more Government Still Pays Research and Book Allowances to Academia The government has not reduced subventions to pay only salaries of the academic staff of public universities in the country, Dr Yayra Dzakadzie, the Director, of Tertiary Education, at the Ministry of Education has said. Read more Mountcrest, Horsham Promote Reading Among Tertiary Students Horsham Education Consult (Horsham Ed) in collaboration with the MountCrest University College has launched a special scheme to promote reading and research among tertiary students and professionals. Read more Presbyterian University, Ghana to begin Ph.D. Programmes The Presbyterian University, Ghana (PUG) is to begin Ph.D. programme in Development and Management this year. Professor Ebenezer Oduro Owusu, President of the University announced this at the 5th Congregation of the School of Graduate Studies at Akropong, where 313 students graduated in various Masters’ level programmes. Read more 30 April 2023 180 Youngsters Receive Training on Employable Skills Mr George kweku Abeiku Annan, Assembly Man for the Kinkawe Electoral Area in Osu has supported 108 young people to undergo vocational training to acquire skills for employment. Read more Accra Technical University Inaugurates Electrical Training Centre, TV Studio Accra Technical University (ATU) has inaugurated a Certified Electrical Wiring Programme (CEWP) training centre to deepen the knowledge and skills of participants in the wiring profession and offer improved services to clients. Read more Africa Strives to Revamp Its Universities When Victoria Afua Dautey took up studies at the prestigious University of Ghana in Accra, it was a dream come true. It has now been 10 years since she completed her studies. Read more Agricultural Technical and Vocational Education and Training (ATVET) in Sub-Saharan Africa… This report looks at efforts in the region to develop and implement agricultural, technical, and vocational education and training (ATVET). It does this by reviewing TVET and ATVET policies, the institutional landscape and experience in the region and selected countries in Sub-Saharan Africa… Read more Alumni of Accra Technical University Supports USSER Hospital The Alumni of the Accra Technical University, with support from the Science Laboratory Technology and the Medical Laboratory Technology Departments of the University has donated assorted items to the maternity unit of the USSER Hospital at James Town in Accra. Read more AUCC signs MoU with African Chamber of Content Producers The African University College of Communication (AUCC) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the African Chamber of Content Producers in Accra to provide training and certification on Pan-Africanism Communication. Read more Be guided by apprenticeship policy ” Dr Asamoah to TVET stakeholders” The Director-General of the Commission for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (CTVET), Dr Fred Kyei Asamoah, has charged stakeholders in the TVET sector to be guided by the National Apprenticeship Policy (NAP) as they carry out their work. Read more DBG, UGBS Join Forces to Deepen Understanding of Development Finance The Development Bank Ghana (DBG) has begun a collaborative venture with the University of Ghana Business School (UGBS) to help enhance the understanding of Development Finance and the role it plays to deliver developmental impact. Read more Diversity is the Key to International Recruitment Success Today there are nearly five times as many non-EU students as EU students enrolled in UK higher education. China, India, and Nigeria are primarily responsible for the increased growth. Prior to Brexit there were 66,680 EU students studying in the UK. In 2021, the number was just 31,000. Read more Inbound and outbound student trends for South Africa, Egypt, and Morocco Universities and colleges in the West and Eastern Europe are competing intensely for students in Africa to further diversify their campuses. Outbound mobility is soaring in Nigeria and increasing steadily in countries such as Morocco, Egypt, Cameroon, Zimbabwe, and Ghana. Read more India High Commissioner Bags Master of Philosophy Degree at UCC Sugandh Rajaram, the India High Commissioner to Ghana, on Saturday graduated with a Master of Philosophy (Geography and Regional Planning) degree at the University of Cape Coast (UCC). Read more Joint Universal Acceptance Project Includes Local Languages A project aimed at strengthening internet access across Africa by making e-mail mailbox names and other communication platforms of higher education institutions ready for universal acceptance (UA) and e-mail address internationalisation (EAI) through the use of characters in local languages and scripts was launched in Accra, Ghana, on 13 April 2023. Read more KNUST and University of Toronto Initiate Discussions to Deepen Research Collaboration A delegation from the University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus (UTSC) led by the Vice-President, Professor Wisdom Tettey has paid a courtesy call on the Vice-Chancellor of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, as part of their working visit to Ghana. Read more KNUST and University of York Hold Stakeholder Workshop Aimed at Strengthening Agricultural Resilience in Ghana The Department of Environmental Science of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, in collaboration with the University of York, United Kingdom has held a stakeholder workshop on the theme, “Climate-Smart Agriculture and Climate Information for Resilient Food Systems.” Read more More Civilian Deaths, Louder Calls for Dialogue in Sudan The higher education community in Sudan, including several universities, their academics and students, has taken a stand as part of a pro-democracy movement to call for an end to the war in the country and for humanitarian support for citizens affected by the military clashes between the national army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces, or RSF, that erupted on 15 April. Read more Research Contribution on Cardiovascular Disease Remains Low Cardiovascular research output from African researchers over the past 50 years remains low, despite marked progress. The annual number of journal articles increased from four publications in 1971 to 3,867 in 2020, according to a study that scanned Web of Science and other sources and retrieved data of publications related to African authorship. Read more Rote Learning Not Helpful – UG Vice-Chancellor The Vice-Chancellor of the University of Ghana (UG), Professor Nana Aba Appiah Amfo, says students must be challenged to focus on critical thinking and analytical skills since rote learning has not been helpful. Read more Senior Staff of UCC Call off Strike, Engage Management The senior staff Association of the University of Cape Coast (UCC) who embarked on a strike action over poor conditions of service and delay in payment of allowances called off its strike on Friday after a week-long standoff. Read more The Catholic University of Ghana Signs MoU with HITA The Catholic University of Ghana (CUG) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Health Care Information Technology for Africa (HITA), a German-based non-profit organization to use IT to strengthen healthcare systems in the Bono Region. Read more The Launches New Africa-Focused Ranking Partnership Times Higher Education has launched a new ranking for universities in sub-Saharan Africa intended to capture the diversity and impact of education across the region. Read more Two KNUST Staff Receive National Honours for their Distinguished Services … For their individual contributions, Rev. Prof. John Wise Divine Ayer and Dr. Cosmas Yaw Asante were honoured with a citation and a certificate at the 2023 edition of the National Honours and Awards at the Accra Conference Centre on Tuesday, 14th March 2023. Read more UG Management Commissions Renovated Academic Facilities Management of the University of Ghana has commissioned its refurbished academic facilities to aid effective teaching and learning. Read more UG Opens 3 New Modern Classrooms The Vice-Chancellor of the University of Ghana (UG), Professor Nana Aba Appiah Amfo, has inaugurated three modern classrooms to help facilitate teaching and learning in the institution. Read more Universities in Six Countries Feature in Subject Rankings Seventeen departments in African universities are among the world’s top-100 places to study the subjects that they offer, according to the 13th edition of the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2023 that were released in March. Read more University of Ghana Begins Research into Urban Health The University of Ghana has begun an analysis of urban health systems to improve access, awareness, and access to Primary Health Care (PHC) in Accra’s urban disadvantaged communities. Read more University of Health and Allied Sciences Pays Up GH₵1.4m Debts to ECG The University of Health, and Allied Sciences (UHAS) in the Volta Region, has cleared all its indebtedness to the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG). Read more University of Mines and Technology Disagrees with ECG on Debt Payment The University of Mines and Technology (UMaT), Tarkwa, has indicated that it does not owe the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG) GH₵1.2 million as the Company alleged. Read more U.S University Recognizes Dr. Andrea Nana Ofori-Boadu as Associate Professor During its celebration of the International Women’s Day on March 8, 2023, the U.S. National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) spotlighted North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University’s tenured Associate Professor of Construction Science and Management, Dr. Andrea Nana Ofori-Boadu. Read more VRA Disconnects Bolgatanga Technical University Over GH₵1m Debt VRA/NEDCo disconnected the Bolgatanga Technical University from the national grid following the institution’s inability to settle its indebtedness over power consumed. Read more We’ve Not Violated the Court Order on Residential Policy The management of the University of Ghana says the institution has not flouted court orders on its new residential policy as alleged by some Members of Parliament. Read more 31 March 2023 A Mutually Beneficial STI Cooperation Agenda To enhance the impact of Africa-Europe science, technology and innovation (STI) cooperation, it is necessary to focus on building capacities for long-term win-win partnerships that are co-founded, co-managed, co-owned and co-financed with an understanding of institutional and country contexts, along with respect for local knowledge and needs. Read more Are Political Science Departments Failing to Aid Democracy? In his book, African Religions in Western Scholarship, published in 1970 in Nairobi by the East African Literature Bureau, the late Ugandan scholar Okot p’Bitek faulted departments of social anthropology at universities in Africa as camping grounds for Western anthropologists who perpetuated colonial myths of African cultures as primitive. Read more Czech Ambassador Inaugurates Global Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Research Station at UENR Mr Jan Fury, the Czech Ambassador to Ghana, has inaugurated an international greenhouse gas monitoring and global change research station for the University of Energy and Natural Resources (UENR) in Sunyani. Read more Do Universities in the Sub-Sahara Serve the Public Good? To what extent can higher education in Sub-Saharan Africa promote the public good? This was the theme that the Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA) chose for a special issue of the Journal of Higher Education in Africa. Read more Dr. Adutwum Extols President Akufo Addo Over his Efforts to Streamline TVET The Minister of Education Dr. Osei Yaw Adutwum has extolled President Akufo Addo over his efforts to streamline Technical and Vocational Education (TVET) in the country. Read more Education Committee of Parliament Tasked to Probe UG’s New Residential Policy Mr Joseph Osei-Owusu, First Deputy Speaker of Parliament, Wednesday, directed the Education Committee of Parliament to probe the breach of an injunction order on the new residential policy of the University of Ghana (UG). Read more Embracing Equity for National Development… Elizabeth Frances Sey, the first female to obtain a degree from the University of Ghana, graduated in 1953 – just five years after the establishment of the university. Read more Ex-President Kufuor Urges his Scholars to Exhibit High Levels of Integrity Former President John Agyekum Kufuor is urging his scholars to exhibit high levels of integrity as they step out into the world of work. The former president wants members of the Kufuor Scholars Program known as the Kufuor Scholars to additionally display honesty in all things they do, so other young people can emulate. Read more GCTU Holds Matriculation for 2,333 Students The Ghana Communication Technology University (GCTU) on Saturday held its 30th matriculation ceremony in Accra for 2,333 students to pursue various diploma and degree level programmes. Read more Ghana Baptist University Urges Government to Offer Scholarship to Lecturers of Private Universities The Chancellor of Ghana Baptist University College, Rev. Enoch Nii Noi Thompson, wants government to support private universities in the areas of scholarship and infrastructure. Read more Ghana University Offers Admission to Nigerian Students at Enugu Trade Fair The Nigeria Admission Consultant of the Kings University College, Accra, Ghana, James Uriri, said that admission into the institution is for direct entry students, saying students seeking admission there should come with their West African Examination Council (WAEC) certificates to secure admission. Read more HIAF Scholarship given to four tertiary students from Tema Manhean The Honourable Ishmael Ashitey Foundation (HIAF) has disbursed its first scholarship benefits to four natives of Tema Manhean, who are pursuing various courses in tertiary institutions in the country. Read more How to Develop Astronomers, Astrophysicists and Astronauts Perhaps when you think of scientific research in Africa you think of the continent’s amazing natural resources, buried out of sight under soil or rocks. Or maybe your mind goes to its ancient history of human evolution. Read more Initiative Promises Stronger Open-Science Ecosystem in Africa The African Library and Information Associations and Institutions (AfLIA) in cooperation with the online open-access repository Figshare has launched a new initiative to support awareness of open science and data repositories as well as support the research and education communities in Africa. Read more Insufficient Staff is Affecting Effective Teaching and Learning… The Vice-Chancellor of Kumasi Technical University, Prof. Osei-Wusu Achaw, is worried that inadequate staff is negatively affecting quality of education. Read more Invest more into research – Prof. Awandare to African governments The Pro-Vice Chancellor of the University of Ghana in charge of Students and Academic Affairs, Prof. Gordon Awandare, has charged African governments to put more money into research in order to look at issues affecting the continent so as to provide the requisite solutions to them. Read more Involve technical universities in AfCFTA implementation – STU Council Chair Chairman of the Sunyani Technical University (STU) Governing Council, Ing. Dr. Kwame Agyeman Boakye says technical universities must be deeply involved in Ghana’s drive to take advantage of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), … Read more KNUST International Students to Stay with Ghanaian Families International students at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology will have the opportunity to stay in Ghanaian family homes. The Vice-Chancellor, Prof. Mrs. Akosua Dickson believes it will help in smooth integration into the Ghanaian cultural setting. Read more Linkage Between Academia and Industry Must be Strengthened First Deputy Governor of the Central Bank, Dr. Maxwell Opoku-Afari has challenged the 2023 graduating students from the College of Humanities at the University of Ghana to utilize the skills acquired during their years of study to good use. Read more Maiden JICA Lecture Series: ‘JICA Chair’ Opens at University of Ghana On Thursday, 16 March 2023, JICA would hold the maiden lecture Series- “JICA Chair”, at Ghana’s Premier University, the University of Ghana, Legon-Accra to share Japan’s unique development experiences. Read more Making TVET Governance Fit for the Future The BILT spotlight series highlights successful approaches at the institutional level in a specific geographical region. The first webinar of the series is presented by the Commission for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (CTVET), Ghana. Speakers from CTVET will explain how Ghana overcame a fragmented TVET landscape… Read more Programme Aims to Train a Pipeline of Ocean Scientists Universities in Africa must train a pipeline of interdisciplinary ocean scientists with the knowledge, skills and expertise to meet the growing needs of the Blue Economy and to tackle challenges emerging from global warming as well as overfishing…Read more Project is Advancing HE Network Connectivity on Continent The funding support that the European Union (EU) has given to creating, consolidating and interconnecting educational networks in Africa is yielding results, among others, through efforts to advance open science. Read more SDD-UBIDS Law School Takes Off With 105 Students The Simon Diedong Dombo University of Business and Integrated Development Studies (SDD-UBIDS) in the Upper West Region on Wednesday launched a law faculty to become the first Law School in the northern part of the country, with the matriculation of 105 students. Read more Stop Peddling Falsehood About the University – UEW Council Chairman to Staff Saboteurs The Council Chairman of the University of Education Governing Board, Nana Ofori Ansah I, has expressed regret that some elements within the University under the guise of concern staff fabricate stories about him, VC and management. Read more Tackling the Global North’s Bibliometric Coloniality A new book about academic research, knowledge production and academic publishing in Ghana, titled Who Counts? Ghanaian academic publishing and global science, highlights the challenges faced by African higher education systems, institutions and academics… Read more Take Advantage of Digital Tools To Excel An Entrepreneur… Nana Dwemoh Benneh, the Chief Executive Officer of the Universal Merchant Bank (UMB), has urged graduates to take advantage of the benefits of digital tools to establish themselves as entrepreneurs. Read more Tertiary Institutions Tasked to Produce Job Market-ready graduates The Nungua Mantse and Vice President of the Greater Accra Regional House of Chiefs, King Prof. Odaifio Welentsi III has asked educational institutions to ensure graduates are well-equipped and positioned to face the challenges and requirements within the current working environment. Read more The Exploitation of Female Students: Be Part of the Answer A recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention survey found that 18% of teenagers in high school in the United States had experienced sexual assault in the previous year. A BBC documentary called #SexForGrades found widespread evidence of young women being pressured into sex by lecturers in universities in Nigeria and Ghana. Read more Transform Tertiary Education to Respond to Growing Needs … Educating the youth to thrive in the ever-changing complex world requires a drastic transformation of the country’s tertiary education system, the Chairman of the Zenith University College’s Council, Professor Jophus Anamuah-Mensah, has said. Read more UCC Committed to Training Employable Graduates The Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cape Coast, Prof. Johnson Nyarko Boampong, has stated that the university’s academic programmes are geared towards making students competitive on the job market. Read more UG Graduates 104 Ph.D. Students They were part of the 11,711 students who graduated from the university after they had successfully pursued various graduate degree programmes from all four of the university’s colleges, namely College of Humanities, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, College of Health Sciences and College of Education … Read more UG, Partners Launch Phase 3 of Universities Project The University of Ghana (UG) has launched the third phase of an initiative aimed at building the capacity of students to enable them to develop successful businesses. Read more University of Ghana Launches Gender Policy The University of Ghana has launched a gender policy aimed at mainstreaming the issue of gender equity in all sectors of the university to enable the realisation of optimal productivity. Read more 28 February 2023 24 new Programmes Introduces at C.K. Tedam University The C.K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences (CKT-UTAS) has introduced 24 new demand driven programmes to help train result oriented students to solve societal problems and promote sustainable development. Read more Centres of Excellence Achievements Commendable A delegation from the World Bank last Friday visited two Africa Centres of Excellence (ACEs) for Development Impact at the University of Ghana to study how the project funds had been utilised. Read more Confucius Institutes & the Future of Ghana-China Relations In October 2022, we set up a policy research think tank and advisory firm that focuses on how Africa and China can work together. The Africa-China Centre for Policy and Advisory is a Sino-African research and policy think tank and advisory firm… Read more Devaluation of Egyptian Pound Strains University Students Dozens of American University in Cairo (AUC) students have staged several protests against the rise in tuition fees, echoing outcries by other Egyptians against the toll the deterioration of the Egyptian pound is taking on their lives. Read more Develop Technology-Oriented Programmes A Principal State Attorney at the Office of the Attorney-General and Minister of Justice, Jamila Jakalia, has charged universities to adopt a technologically revolutionary approach to meet the economic and social needs of the society. Read more Escaping ‘Bibliometric Coloniality’, ‘Epistemic Inequality’ Africa’s scholarly journals compete on an unequal playing field because of a lack of funding and the struggle to sustain academic credibility. Read more Ghana needs honest and discipline leadership”, … The President of the Presbyterian University, Ghana (PUG) Prof. Ebenezer Oduro Owusu has stated that currently the only possible solution to change the fortunes of this country is honest leaders with the character of discipline. Read more Government Declares TVET as Tool for Rapid Transformation of Ghana Dr Yayra Dzakadzie, Director for Tertiary Education at the Ministry of Education, has reiterated government’s resolve to use Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) for the rapid transformation of the country. Read more Maternal Health Gains from Low-Resource Training Model Ghana’s obstetrics and gynaecology (ObGyn) training, development and retention programme over the past 30 years has demonstrated the strengths and barriers of speciality training in low-resource settings and has the potential to serve as a model for international academic medicine partnerships. It can be adapted to other low-resource settings, a study has found. Read more Methodist University Ghana launches Endowment Fund The Methodist University Ghana (MUG) has launched an endowment fund to promote research and scholarship and position the University as a Centre of Excellence. Read more Police Grab 18 People Over Disturbances at University of Ghana The police have arrested 18 persons for disturbances on the University of Ghana campus. The arrest took place on Tuesday, 14th February 2023.The 18 suspects were together with about 200 others believed to be former members of the Commonwealth Hall of the university. Read more Prioritise Investment in Agricultural Research… The government has been urged to prioritise investment in agricultural research and innovation to increase food production in the country.Such a measure will also help reduce the importation of food commodities and make the country self-reliant. Read more See Why Enchi College of Education is the Best Institution in Ghana The Enchi College of Education in the Aowin Municipality of the Western North Region has been crowned the best Teacher Training Establishment in the country by Ghana Tertiary Education Commission (GTEC). Read more The Fourth Estate Uncovers Fraud in SHS Computerised Placement When the Ministry of Education set up a resolution centre at the Bediako Conference Room of the GNAT Hall in Accra, it was meant to address anomalies and mistakes in the placement of students into senior high schools. Read more Trends for African Students Seeking Education Abroad A new report from Campus France highlights how African students leave their home countries due to limited capacity in domestic higher education systems. By 2050, the college-aged population is expected to double, but only 9% are currently enrolled in higher education. Read more UCC Lecturer Receives $30k Google Research Grant for Artificial Intelligence A lecturer at the Department of Mathematics at the University of Cape Coast has received a Google research grant of $30,000 to continue research in Artificial Intelligence (AI). Read more UGBS Launch Innovation and Incubation Hub to Support Start-Ups The University of Ghana Business School (UGBS) says its innovation and incubation hub will propel students to be creative and help create more jobs for the youth. Read more UG Converts Plastic Wastes into Fuel The Institute of Applied Science and Technology of the College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana (UG), Legon has begun turning plastic wastes into petrol, diesel and gas. Read more UG Orders SRC to Sack Its Deputy Chief of Staff with Immediate Effect University of Ghana has directed for the immediate removal of the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Students’ Representative Council of the university, Rexford Bonney. Read more UNILAG, Ugandan Varsity Partner Against Air Pollution The University of Lagos and its Ugandan counterpart, Makerere University have formed a partnership that will combat air pollution across African cities. Both universities launched a consortium that is saddled with providing solutions for improving capacity for air quality monitoring… Read more University of Ghana 2022/2023 Academic Fees are Legal … The University of Ghana (UG) says the Parliamentary Select Committee on Education has passed it (UG) for complying with the Fees and Charges Act, 2022 (Act 1080), by charging 15 per cent of fees approved by Parliament. Read more University of Ghana Converts Plastic Waste to Fuels… The Institute of Applied Science and Technology, of the College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, has begun turning plastic wastes into three different kinds of fuel. It is producing petrol, diesel and gas from plastic waste. Read more University of Ghana Inaugurates Six-Member Board for Graduate Students’ Development Fund The University of Ghana has inaugurated a six-member board to manage the activities of a Graduate Students’ Development Fund.The fund was established by the executives of the Graduate Students’ Association of Ghana (GRASAG-UG), the University of Ghana, Legon branch. Read more University of Ghana Introduces Postgraduate Programmes in Genetics Three postgraduate programmes in genetics have been introduced at the University of Ghana to train professionals in the handling of diseases such as sickle cell, breast and prostate cancer in the country. Read more University of Ghana’s 15% Academic User Fees Legal … According to the Development Economist and a Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Social Policy Studies, Dr. George Domfe, the adjustment of fees is based on rates approved by Parliament and communicated through the Ghana Tertiary Education Commission (GTEC), thus it is legal. Read more 31 January 2023 Adjustments in User Fees Include Suspended Fees from 2019/2020 The management of the University of Ghana has clarified the recent adjustments in the academic facility user fees for 2022/2023, explaining that the new fee is cumulative of the suspended implementation of fees that were approved in the 2019, 2020, and 2021 academic years. Read more Association of Private Universities to Elect Executive Feb 7 The owners, founders and chancellors of private universities who agreed to form an umbrella body are set to vote for their executive on February 7, this year. Read more Bawumia Opens University of Ghana’s 74th Annual New Year School and Conference The Vice President, Dr. Mahamudu Bawumia, has opened the 74th edition of the annual New Year School and Conference by the University of Ghana in Accra. Read more Conversion of Polytechnics to Technical Universities… In 2016, the government announced the conversion of all polytechnics in the country to technical universities in order to deal with the challenges facing technical education in the country. Read more Counting the Cost of the Strike in Ghana’s HE Sector Ghana’s public university sector constitutes 15 universities. These universities are tagged ‘public’ because the government remains their major financier. Read more Dr Ibn Kailan Abdul-Hamid appointed Head of UPSA’s Department of Marketing A lecturer at the University of Profesional Studies, Accra (UPSA), Dr Ibn Kailan Abdul-Hamid, has been appointed the new Head of the school’s Department of Marketing.His appointment took effect on January 1, 2023. Read more Education Minister to Meet Public Universities Management Over Rise in Fees Minister of Education, Dr. Yaw Osei Adutuwm is scheduled to meet the management of some public universities, the Ghana Tertiary Education Commission, and the National Union of Ghana Students (NUGS) over agitations that have met the increase in academic fees on Thursday, 5 January 2023. Read more Founders, Chancellors of Private Universities form Association Founders and Chancellors of private universities in the country have met to form an association to champion their cause and growth. The meeting brought together ten private universities owners and chancellors, who pledged their commitment to form the Association. Read more Ghana Gas Injects GHS2million in E-e-Vehicle Project at Sunyani Technical University The Ghana National Gas Company (GNGC) has injected an initial amount of two million Ghana cedis into the ten-million-cedi Centre of Excellence in E-Vehicle and Industrial Welding Technologies project being undertaken at the Sunyani Technical University (STU). Read more Many University Students Being Trained for Jobs that Don’t Exist The Minister of Education, Dr Yaw Osei Adutwum has asserted that some public universities in the country are running programmes that produce unemployable graduates. Read more Methodist University VC Pledges to Work Towards Financial Viability Professor Philip Ebow Bondzi-Simpson, the newly appointed Vice-Chancellor, Methodist University Ghana, has pledged to collaborate with stakeholders to work towards the financial viability of the University. Read more Open Access Publishing Deal for Low-, Middle-Income Countries Academics based in 70 low- and middle-income countries, including those in Africa, Asia and the Middle East, will be able to have their primary research published Gold Open Access by Nature – at no cost – thus enabling their scientific work to be permanently and freely available online for anyone to read. Read more Our Education System Will Attract Other Africans to Ghana Dr Yaw Osei Adutwum, the Minister of Education, says the country is poised to transform education to attract other African students.”We have to position ourselves to become the country of choice in education by producing the requisite manpower to attract industries into the country,”… Read more Police Deployed University of Ghana Campus to Enforce New Accommodation Policy Armed policemen were Thursday (Jan 12, 2023) deployed on the campus of the University of Ghana, Legon as continuing students reported to begin the 2023 academic year. Read more Professor Ernest Aryeetey: ‘Get Politics Out of Universities’ Professor Ernest Aryeetey, a consummate academic, researcher, lecturer, and former vice-chancellor, believes there is a need to get politics out of universities. The secretary general of the African Research Universities Alliance (ARUA) also hopes that universities, through their research, will increasingly persuade governments to see them as partners in policy-making. Read more RWESCK Makes Headway on Its Vision in Training Critical Mass Of Human Resources… Nine years of its existence, the Regional Water & Environmental Sanitation Centre Kumasi, (RWESCK) is making great strides in innovative research, training and producing high-calibre graduates with knowledge and expertise in water resources, water supply and environmental sanitation … Read more STEADY/X and KNUST Form Strategic Partnership… Steady/X, a Ghanaian Edu-tech company focused on bridging the gap between technology and traditional learning systems across Africa, has entered into a partnership agreement with the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi to enhance online teaching and learning for students and faculty. Read more UCC, UEW, UMAT Agree to Comply with 15% Fees Hike The Ministry of Education has held a meeting with the leadership of some public universities in the country. The meeting was on the back of the increase of fees by the various tertiary institutions in Ghana… Read more UG law School Honours Nana Kweku Baiden The University of Ghana School of Law as inaugurated a refurbished lecture hall in honour of the late renowned businessman and educationist, Nana Moses Kweku Baiden.Held in Accra last Tuesday the inauguration, done in partnership with the Baiden Family, …Read more UG to Fight Injunction Over Outside Residential Policy The management of the University of Ghana (UG) has instructed its lawyers to vigorously fight an injunction secured by some students of the Commonwealth Hall seeking to stop the university’s new residential policy. Read more University of Ghana Freshers Battle Accommodation Challe
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"https://ghanaremembers.com/images/http/aHR0cHM6Ly9naGFuYXJlbWVtYmVycy5jb20vc3RvcmFnZS9wdWJsaWMvaGFucy1jb3R0YWdlLmpwZw==/hans-cottage.jpg?p=thumbnail&s=b31cb97ab55d205a9bc906ad3aed490d", "https://ghanaremembers.com/images/http/aHR0cHM6Ly9naGFuYXJlbWVtYmVycy5jb20vc3RvcmFnZS9wdWJsaWMvc2FuZGJveF9iZWFjaC5qcGc=/sandbox_beach.jpg?p=thumbnail&s=b2ab982e6880b1966246a94545d071c5", "https://ghanaremembers.com/images/http/aHR0cHM6Ly9naGFuYXJlbWVtYmVycy5jb20vc3RvcmFnZS9wdWJsaWMvbW9ua2V5LWZvcmVzdC1yZXNvcnQuanBn/monkey-forest-resort.jpg?p=thumbnail&s=097142cb7961502c92b8a8794fdca3b2", "https://ghanaremembers.com/img/logo-white.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2024-05-09T00:00:00+00:00	Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), located in Kumasi, Ashanti region, Ghana, is a renowned public institution focusing on science and technology education. Commonly known as UST, Tech, or Kwame Tech.	en	/img/apple-touch-icon.png	GhanaRemembers	https://ghanaremembers.com/stories/business/kwame-nkrumah-university-of-science-and-technology-knust-ghanas-premier-science-and-technology-university.html	Stories and facts Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), located in Kumasi, Ashanti region, Ghana, is a renowned public institution focusing on science and technology education. Commonly known as UST, Tech, or Kwame Tech, it stands as the second public university established in Ghana and the largest in the Ashanti Region. The origins of KNUST trace back to the visionary ambitions of Agyeman Prempeh I, a ruler of the Ashanti Kingdom, who sought to establish a university in Kumasi as part of modernizing the kingdom. Although his plans were thwarted by the British empire's expansion, his successor, King Asantehene Agyeman Prempeh II, pursued this vision. The establishment of the University College of the Gold Coast in the 1940s, coupled with the 1948 Accra riots and the subsequent Watson Commission report, further propelled the establishment of a science university in Kumasi. In 1949, construction began on what was initially named the Kumasi College of Technology. By 1951, the college admitted its first students to the engineering faculty, formally becoming the Kumasi College of Technology under an Act of Parliament in 1952. It grew rapidly and achieved full university status in 1961, named Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in honor of Ghana's first Prime Minister and President. Today, KNUST spans an impressive 2,512.96 acres, with its main campus located about eight miles east of Kumasi. The university has evolved its organizational structure, transitioning into a collegiate system in 2005. Under this system, faculties are consolidated into six colleges, each semi-autonomous in its operations. KNUST is not just a hub for academic pursuits but also offers comprehensive housing and accommodation facilities to cater to students' diverse needs. The campus boasts six halls of residence, managed by dedicated hall councils. Academically, KNUST is structured into various colleges, including Agriculture and Natural Resources, Health Sciences, Humanities and Social Sciences, Engineering, and Science. Additionally, the university has embraced technology, with the Institute of Distance Learning offering flexible education options. The university's commitment to research is evident through its numerous research centers, such as the Bureau of Integrated Research and Development and the Kumasi Center for Collaborative Research. In terms of media presence, KNUST hosts Focus FM, its official radio station, and TEK TV, its television station, both enriching campus life and facilitating community engagement. KNUST has garnered global recognition, consistently ranking as the top university in Ghana and West Africa by U.S. News & World Report. Its academic excellence is further underscored by accolades such as winning the Pan African Universities Debate Championship and the Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition multiple times. With a distinguished list of alumni, including notable figures like Kofi Annan and Aliu Mahama, KNUST continues to shape Africa's intellectual landscape and contribute significantly to global education and research endeavors.
7734	dbpedia	3	84	https://anishaffar.org/2017/08/	en	August 2017	https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/eb950594378f3cb700878f068f6d3d70a665caf2c4625fa01078e422dcb3a4df?s=200&ts=1724998986	https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/eb950594378f3cb700878f068f6d3d70a665caf2c4625fa01078e422dcb3a4df?s=200&ts=1724998986	[ "https://anishaffar.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/cropped-education-matters-logo.png", "https://anishaffar.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/black-star-square.jpg", "https://anishaffar.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/kofi-annan-1.jpg?w=515&h=400&crop=1", "https://anishaffar.files.wordpress.com/2023/05/handbill-7.jpg?w=490", "https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/eb950594378f3cb700878f068f6d3d70a665caf2c4625fa01078e422dcb3a4df?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png", "https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/eb950594378f3cb700878f068f6d3d70a665caf2c4625fa01078e422dcb3a4df?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png", "https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2017-08-16T15:41:02+00:00	3 posts published by Anis Haffar during August 2017	en	https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/eb950594378f3cb700878f068f6d3d70a665caf2c4625fa01078e422dcb3a4df?s=32		null	Kofi Annan’s art collection was auctioned to benefit Mfantsipim. The event reflected his alma mater’s vision of nurturing greatness in Africa. Through artworks, funds were raised for the school’s Endowment Fund. An annual fundraising event was also launched, aiming to support the school and enhance alumni engagement. Annan emphasized the importance of leadership and public service, urging youth to harness their potential. Some supportive responses from readers. The Daily Graphic (August 4, 2017) headline, “Ghana’s high rice imports: AfDB decries $400m annual Continue reading · A most serious imperative for Ghana and Africa Genius is a result based obsession. Flying over Thailand, about to Continue reading
7734	dbpedia	2	70	https://www.eces.eu/en/posts/manservisi-guhenno-appointed-as-eces-senior-advisersmentors-by-ppf	en	Manservisi & Guéhenno appointed as ECES Senior Advisers/Mentors by PPF	https://www.eces.eu/temp…img/fb-cover.jpg	https://www.eces.eu/temp…img/fb-cover.jpg	[ "https://www.eces.eu/en/posts/template/default/img/logo.png", "https://www.eces.eu/en/posts/template/Posts pictures/Manservisi.png", "https://www.eces.eu/en/posts/template/Posts pictures/Guehenno.png", "https://www.eces.eu/en/posts/template/default/images/right%20logos/AUright.jpg", "https://www.eces.eu/en/posts/template/Posts%20pictures/aaearight.jpg", "https://www.eces.eu/en/posts/template/default/images/right%20logos/ECFright.jpg", "https://www.eces.eu/en/posts/template/default/images/Logos_partners/EPLO.jpg", "https://www.eces.eu/en/posts/template/default/images/Logos_partners/coe.png", "https://www.eces.eu/en/posts/template/default/images/Logos_partners/sa.png", "https://www.eces.eu/en/posts/template/default/images/Logos_partners/mepa.png", "https://www.eces.eu/en/posts/template/default/img/logo.png", "https://www.eces.eu/en/posts/template/default/img/iso.png", "https://www.eces.eu/en/posts/template/default/img/trace.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	ECES \| European Centre for Electoral Support	en	template/default/img/favicon.jpg		null	Stefano Manservisi and Jean Marie Guéhenno appointed by the Paris Peace Forum as Senior Advisers and Mentor for ECES to scale up its EURECS approach! ECES is very grateful to have the possibility to collaborate with the two High Level Senior Advisers matched with us by the Paris Peace Forum (PPF) as part of ECES selection as one of the 10 best projects of the 4th Edition of the Paris Peace Forum, which entitled us to enter the PPF Scale Up Programme (SCUP). The ECES projects in Ethiopia, funded by the EU and Germany, and implemented following our copyrighted approach titled “European Response for Electoral Cycle Support (EURECS)” have been matched with these two high-ranking SCUP members who will act as ECES senior mentors to scale up our EURECS approach worldwide. They will do so by providing regular and targeted support in the areas of policy and advocacy, resource mobilisation, networking as well as communication and visibility. The SCUP is composed of high-level personalities selected by the PPF for their exceptional contribution to global peace and democratic governance issues and their long-term experience with programme management and growth at the most senior level in international organisations such as, for instance, the European Commission and the United Nations. It is therefore our pleasure and honoured to announce that our Senior Mentors and Advisers for the year 2021 are Stefano Manservisi and Jean-Marie Guéhenno. Stefano Manservisi is currently serving as Special Adviser to EU Commissioner on Economic Affairs, Paolo Gentiloni, he is also President of the Global Community Engagement Resilience Fund, Visiting Professor at the Faculty of Political Science of the Sorbonne University, distinguished Fellow at the Centre for Global Development and Senior Adviser at the European Institute of Peace. Mr Manservisi has had a long and distinguished career as a top political adviser dealing with development policies and multilateral institutions. He has served in the European Commission as Director-General for International Cooperation and Development (DEVCO), where he led efforts to reshape EU development policy, deliver the Millennium Development Goals and work towards realization of the Sustainable Development Goals. Prior to that he was Head of the Private Office of Federica Mogherini, High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Commission Vice-President. He has also served as Director-General for Migration and Home Affairs, the EU Ambassador to Turkey, and headed the Private Office of the European Commission’s President Romano Prodi. A lawyer by training, Stefano enjoys teaching and has been a visiting professor at various universities and research centres, as well as advising UN agencies and other multilateral institutions. Jean-Marie Guéhenno in 2000 was appointed by United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan to serve as under-secretary-general for peacekeeping, and in that position he became the longest-serving head of peacekeeping in UN history, leading an unprecedented expansion of operations from 2000 to 2008. He worked again with Mr. Annan in 2012 when the then former secretary-general was attempting to broker peace in Syria. After leaving the United Nations, Mr. Guéhenno became a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, and then joined Columbia University as a professor of professional practice in international and public affairs from 2010 to 2014. From 2014 to 2017, Mr. Guéhenno was the president and CEO of the International Crisis Group. Currently, he is a member of the High-Level Advisory Board on Mediation created by UN Secretary-General António Guterres.Mr. Guéhenno enjoyed a distinguished career as a senior civil servant in France before joining the UN. He was head of the policy planning staff at the Quai d’Orsay when the Cold War ended, ambassador to the Western European Union, and chairman of the Institute for Higher National Defense Studies (IHEDN) in Paris. A frequent contributor to newspapers and periodicals, Mr. Guéhenno is also the author of several books, including an account of his years at the United Nations, The Fog of Peace: A Memoir of International Peacekeeping in the 21st Century. As a senior fellow at the Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs, he is presently completing a book on the crisis of democracy, continuing the exploration of issues he addressed in his first book, La Fin de la Démocratie (1993), published in English as The End of the Nation-State. Mr. Guéhenno is an officer of the Légion d’Honneur and a commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. He serves on the boards of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) and the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, his alma mater. A frequent participant in international conferences, he is also the chair of the scientific committee of the IHEDN.
7734	dbpedia	0	86	https://www.grafiati.com/en/literature-selections/women-in-information-science-ghana/	en	Bibliographies: 'Women in information science – Ghana' – Grafiati	https://www.grafiati.com…3de3a6a6be12.png	https://www.grafiati.com…3de3a6a6be12.png	[ "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/logo_ukraine2.d38b2de1216e.svg", "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/flags/EN.af517a818309.svg", "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/flags/UK.d0dc196ab638.svg", "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/flags/FR.2e489c918b95.svg", "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/flags/IT.09e3a0437404.svg", "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/flags/ES.63e55d4e870f.svg", "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/flags/PL.ba23dcc3cfbd.svg", "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/flags/PT.646bdd83c5f9.svg", "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/flags/DE.ba9611fe6842.svg", "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/flags/EN.af517a818309.svg", "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/flags/UK.d0dc196ab638.svg", "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/flags/FR.2e489c918b95.svg", "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/flags/IT.09e3a0437404.svg", "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/flags/ES.63e55d4e870f.svg", "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/flags/PL.ba23dcc3cfbd.svg", "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/flags/PT.646bdd83c5f9.svg", "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/flags/DE.ba9611fe6842.svg", "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/icons/chevron-down-38px.533577431608.svg", "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/icons/chevron-up-38px.aae68e8e179c.svg", "https://www.grafiati.com/static/img/logo-only-text.46d05d6bf405.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "Grafiati", "Women in information science – Ghana", "relevant bibliographies by topics", "scholarly sources", "bibliographies", "lists of references", "lists of sources", "research topics", "research ideas", "metadata" ]	null	[ "Grafiati" ]	2021-06-04T00:00:00	Relevant books, articles, theses on the topic 'Women in information science – Ghana.' Scholarly sources with full text pdf download. Related research topic ideas.	en	/static/img/favicon.dc3ea5864b9c.ico		https://www.grafiati.com/en/literature-selections/women-in-information-science-ghana/	Abstract: Women entrepreneurs are on the rise and their numbers have grown at one and a half times the rate of small enterprises generally over the last 15 years. In spite of this, women are underrepresented in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Women face additional barriers when forging careers within these fields and obtaining startup capital. This study examines female business ownership within the fields of hi-tech and biotech, and the factors that support startups by women throughout the state of California. As both of these industry sectors are known to cluster geographically around sources of venture capital, university research and development (R&D) investment, and skilled labor, the study explored how these factors influence women entrepreneurs through two methods of analysis, specifically, a quantitative GIS analysis using exploratory geo-statistical tools, and a qualitative analysis using semi-structured interviews of twenty women business leaders. Results from the study demonstrated that factors that encourage hub formation are prone to cluster geographically, that women receive less venture capital than their male counterparts, biotech as a sector is more open than hi-tech to women’s participation, high numbers of women starting businesses alongside their alma mater, and a high participation of women in business accelerators and incubators.
7734	dbpedia	0	69	https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/african-non-fiction-author-godfrey-mwakikagile	en	fiction author Godfrey Mwakikagile	https://ssl.gstatic.com/atari/images/public/favicon.ico	https://ssl.gstatic.com/atari/images/public/favicon.ico	[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	African non-fiction author Godfrey Mwakikagile Born 4 October 1949 Kigoma, Tanganyika Occupation scholar, author and news reporter Nationality Tanzanian Alma mater Wayne State University (1975) Genre African studies Notable works Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era (2002) Africa and The West	en	https://ssl.gstatic.com/atari/images/public/favicon.ico		https://sites.google.com/site/intercontinentalbookcentre/african-non-fiction-author-godfrey-mwakikagile	African non-fiction author Godfrey Mwakikagile Born 4 October 1949 Kigoma, Tanganyika Occupation scholar, author and news reporter Nationality Tanzanian Alma mater Wayne State University (1975) Genre African studies Notable works Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era (2002) Africa and The West (2000) The Modern African State: Quest for Transformation (2001) Post-Colonial Africa (2014) Colonial Mentality and the Destiny of Africa (2020) Conquest of the Mind: Imperial subjugation of Africa (2019) Africa 1960 – 1970: Chronicle and Analysis (2009) Africa After Independence: Realities of Nationhood (2009) Economic Development in Africa (1999) Statecraft and Nation Building in Africa: A Post-colonial Study (2014) African Immigrants in South Africa (2008) Western Involvement in Nkrumah's Downfall (2015) The African Liberation Struggle: Reflections (2018) Ethnic Politics in Kenya and Nigeria (2001) Identity Politics and Ethnic Conflicts in Rwanda and Burundi: A Comparative Study (2012) Burundi: The Hutu and The Tutsi: Cauldron of Conflict and Quest for Dynamic Compromise (2012) Uganda: A Nation in Transition: Post-colonial Analysis (2012) Civil Wars in Rwanda and Burundi: Conflict Resolution in Africa (2013) Military Coups in West Africa Since the Sixties (2001) Congo in The Sixties (2014) Africa: Dawn of a New Era (2016) Africans and African Americans: Complex Relations – Prospects and Challenges (2009) Relations Between Africans and African Americans: Misconceptions, Myths and Realities (2007) Life in Tanganyika in The Fifties (2006) Reflections on Race Relations: A Personal Odyssey (2021) Growing up in a Border District and Resolving the Tanzania-Malawi Lake Dispute: Compromise and concessions (2022) The African Post-colonial State and its Challenges (2022) Relatives Elijah Mwakikagile (father) and Syabumi Mwakikagile (née Mwambapa, mother)[1] Godfrey Mwakikagile (born 4 October 1949 in Kigoma[2]) is a prominent Tanzanian scholar and author specialising in African studies. He was also a news reporter for The Standard (later renamed the Daily News) — the oldest and largest English newspaper in Tanzania and one of the three largest in East Africa.[3] Mwakikagile came to prominence after he wrote Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era — a major biographical book on the life of former Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere set in the backdrop of Africa's early post-colonial years and the liberation wars in the countries of southern Africa in which Nyerere played a major role. Growing up in the 1950s, Mwakikagile experienced a form of apartheid and racial segregation in Tanganyika, what is now mainland Tanzania, and wrote extensively about it in some of his works, as he did about the political climate of Tanganyika during the colonial era.[2] Contents 1 Early life and family 1.1 Family connections 1.2 Education and early employment 1.3 Racism in colonial Tanganyika 2 Writings 2.1 Book: Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era 2.2 Book: Africa and the West 3 Newspaper background 4 Criticism of post-colonial Africa 5 Vision for an African Federal Government 6 Controversy 7 Academic reviews 8 References 9 Selected bibliography Early life and family[edit] Mwakikagile was born on 4 October 1949 into a middle class Tanganyikan family in the town of Kigoma, Western Province of Tanganyika – what is now mainland Tanzania.[4] His father Elijah Mwakikagile, who once worked at the internationally renowned Amani Research Institute in the late forties, was a medical assistant during the British colonial era and was one of the very few in the entire country of 10 million people. Medical assistants underwent an intensive three-year training after finishing secondary school and worked as a substitute for doctors. They were even called madaktari (doctors) in Swahili and formed the backbone of the medical system in Tanganyika as was the case in other British colonies. There were fewer than 10 doctors in colonial Tanganyika in the forties and fifties and only 12 at independence on 9 December 1961. And there were fewer than 300 medical assistants during those years serving millions of people in a vast country of more than 365,000 square miles. Godfrey's mother Syabumi Mwakikagile (née Mwambapa), a housewife, was a pupil of Tanganyika's prominent British feminist educator and later member of parliament Mary Hancock. She remembered Ms. Hancock, a friend of Nyerere and his family since the early 1950s, as a very strict disciplinarian when she was taught by her at Kyimbila Girls' School in Rungwe District in the early 1940s, one of the very few schools for girls in colonial Tanganyika. Ms. Hancock was the founder of the school, also of Loleza Girls' School which had its origin in Kyimbila Girls' School.[1] The eldest of his siblings, Mwakikagile was named Godfrey by his aunt Isabella, one of his father's younger sisters, and was baptised at an early age.[2] His father played a critical role in his early life and education. He was a very strict disciplinarian and taught him at home when he was attending primary school from Standard One to Standard Four and during the first two years of middle school, Standard Five and Standard Six, before he left home to go to boarding school, three miles away, when he was 13 years old. He also taught him when he was out of school and went home during holidays in his last two years of middle school in Standard Seven and Standard Eight. His mother, who taught Sunday school and was a volunteer adult education teacher for some time teaching adults how to read and write, also taught him at home when he was in primary school.[5] Family connections[edit] Godfrey Mwakikagile grew up in a politically conscious family. His parents, especially his father, were friends with some of the leading figures in the struggle for independence, and some renowned African nationalists and Pan-Africanists of that era. They included Austin Shaba, Elijah Mwakikagile's co-worker as a medical assistant and earlier his classmate at the Medical Training Centre (MTC) at Tanganyika's largest hospital in the capital Dar es Salaam later transformed into the country's first medical school who also served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for Mtwara and cabinet member in the first independence cabinet— serving as Minister of Local Government under Julius Nyerere, and later as Minister of Health and Housing, and as Deputy Speaker of Parliament; John Mwakangale, a classmate of Elijah Mwakikagile from Standard One at Tukuyu Primary School in Rungwe District to Malangali Secondary School in Iringa District in the Southern Highlands Province. They came from the same area, five miles apart, in Rungwe District and knew each other since childhood. Mwakangale became one of the prominent leaders of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) and of the Pan-African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa (PAFMECA) under the leadership of Pan-Africanist and African nationalist Julius Nyerere. John Mwakangale was also the first leader Nelson Mandela met in newly independent Tanganyika in January 1962 - just one month after the country emerged from colonial rule - when Mandela secretly left South Africa on 11 January to seek assistance from other African countries in the struggle against apartheid and wrote about him in his autobiography Long Walk to Freedom. Tanganyika was the first independent African country Mandela visited and the first in the region to win independence. He went to other African countries using a travel document given to him by the government of Tanganyika. The document stated: "This is Nelson Mandela, a citizen of the Republic of South Africa. He has permission to leave Tanganyika and return here." Tanganyika was chosen by other African leaders in May 1963 to be the headquarters of all the African liberation movements under the leadership of President Julius Nyerere when they met in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to form the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). John Mwakangale was also a Member of Parliament (MP) and served in the cabinet as Minister of Labour under Nyerere in the early part of independence. Professor John Iliffe in his book A Modern History of Tanganyika described John Mwakangale as a "vehement nationalist." He did not even want American Peace Corps in Tanganyika and accused them of causing trouble. He was quoted in a news report, "M.P. Attacks American Peace Corps," which was the main story on the front page of the Tanganyika Standard, 12 June 1964, stating: "These people are not here for peace, they are here for trouble. We do not want any more Peace Corps." American Peace Corps were some of Godfrey Mwakikagile's teachers in middle school and secondary school. One of them was Leonard Levitt, his teacher at Mpuguso Middle School in Rungwe District in 1964 who became a prominent journalist and renowned author. He wrote, among other works, An African Season, the first book ever written by a member of the Peace Corps, and Conviction: Solving the Moxley Murder, about a homicide which received extensive media coverage because it involved a member of the Kennedy family. Other classmates of Elijah Mwakikagile were Wilbard B.K. Mwanjisi from Standard One at Tukuyu Primary School to Malangali Secondary School who became a doctor, prominent member of TANU and, before leaving government service, was president of the Tanganyika Government Servants Association, a national organisation for African government employees during colonial rule; Jeremiah Kasambala, Elijah Mwakikagile's classmate at Malangali Secondary School who became head of the Rungwe African Cooperative Union responsible for mobilising support from farmers to join the struggle for independence. Kasambala went on to become a cabinet member in the early years of independence—taking over the portfolio for Commerce and Cooperatives and later served as Minister of Industries, Minerals and Energy; and Brown Ngwilulupi, appointed by President Nyerere as Secretary General of the Cooperative Union of Tanganyika (CUT), the largest farmers' union in the country. Ngwilulupi later left the ruling party, Chama Cha Mapinduzi, and became co-founder and vice chairman of Tanzania's largest opposition party Chadema under Edwin Mtei who was the first Governor of the Bank of Tanzania, who also at different times served as Secretary General of the East African Community (EAC), Minister of Finance under President Nyerere, and as IMF Executive Director for Anglophone Africa, elected to that position by the governors of the World Bank and the IMF after being recommended for the post by President Nyerere following Mtei's resignation from the cabinet over economic policy differences with Nyerere. Ngwilulupi was also a relative-in-law of the Vice President of Tanzania during that time, John Malecela, who served concurrently as Prime Minister and was once Minister of External Affairs and vice chairman of the ruling party when he was vice president. Ngwilulupi's daughter, later divorced, was married to the vice president's son. Years earlier, John Malecela was District Commissioner (D.C.) of Rungwe District in the early part of independence, appointed by President Nyerere, and knew Brown Ngwilulupi and Elijah Mwakikagile in the early 1960s when they worked in the town of Tukuyu, the district capital during British colonial rule and after independence. The town was founded by the German colonial rulers who named it Neu Langenburg and served as the capital of Rungwe District when they ruled the country then known as Deutsch-Ostafrika (German East Africa, 1891 – 1919) and renamed Tanganyika in 1920 by the British when they took over after the end of World War I. Ngwilulupi was a senior officer at the main office of the Rungwe African Cooperative Union, headed by Jeremiah Kasambala, and Mwakikagile was a member of the Rungwe District Council where he served as a councillor for many years. Brown Ngwilulupi and Elijah Mwakikagile came from the same village four miles south of the town of Tukuyu in Rungwe District ringed by misty blue mountains north of Lake Nyasa in the Great Rift Valley in the Southern Highlands Province and were classmates from Standard One at Tukuyu Primary School to Malangali Secondary School, one of the top schools in colonial Tanganyika where Elijah was head prefect. One of their teachers at Malangali Secondary School was Erasto Andrew Mbwana Mang'enya who later became Deputy Speaker of Parliament in the year before independence, a cabinet member after independence and Tanganyika's permanent representative to the United Nations. Ngwilulupi and Mwakikagile later became relatives-in-law. Their respective wives, Lugano Mwankemwa and Syabumi Mwambapa who came from the same area their husbands came from, were first cousins to each other and were born and brought up together in the same household of Lugano's father who was Syabumi's maternal uncle and younger brother of her mother, Asegelile Mwankemwa, a pastor of Kyimbila Moravian Church in their home area. He was the first African pastor of the church, a position that had previously been held by German missionaries who founded the church. His sister, pregnant with her last child Syabumi, went to live with him after her husband died. Brown Ngwilulupi was an elder brother of Ephraim Weidi Ngwilulupi Mwasakafyuka—a senior diplomat at the Tanzania Mission to the United Nations and at the Tanzanian embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and later Tanzania's ambassador to France and Nigeria who also left the ruling party and joined one of the main opposition parties, NCCR-Mageuzi, where he became head of its foreign affairs division. He also once served as head of the Africa and Middle East Division at the Tanzanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.[6][7][8][9] He ran for Parliament in 1995 when NCCR-Mageuzi was the strongest opposition party in Tanzania and had a formidable presidential candidate with populist appeal who once served as Deputy Prime Minister and whose vice presidential candidate - later disqualified through legal manipulations by the government-controlled National Electoral Commission - was Abdulrahman Mohamed Babu, a Marxist intellectual and renowned revolutionary thinker who was Zanzibar's Minister of External Affairs before Zanzibar united with Tanganyika to form Tanzania and who was later appointed by President Nyerere as Minister of Economic Planning in the government of the United Republic of Tanzania. It was the first multi-party election in 30 years since 1965 when Tanzania became a one-party state and ushered in a new era of multi-party politics. The American ambassador to Tanzania, James W. Spain, described Weidi Mwasakafyuka in the following terms, according to a "Public Library of US Diplomacy" report, 5 May 1976: "E.W. N. Mwasakafyuka, Director of Africa and Middle East Division of Foreign Ministry (also Head of the OAU Affairs Section at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs), educated at the University of California-Los Angeles (and Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada)...is a career Foreign Service Officer who has served in Addis Ababa and at the U.N. He drafts many Tanzanian policy papers on African matters, and is articulate, outspoken, approachable, and confidential, prepared to listen to US points of view with an open mind. He is friendly with Americans, has a strong but dry sense of humor, and looks like a black Disraeli....FonOff (Foreign Office) number one African expert...a forthright source when he is unleashed. A regular embassy contact." Godfrey Mwakikagile is also a first cousin of Brigadier-General Owen Rhodfrey Mwambapa, a graduate of Sandhurst, a royal military academy in the United Kingdom, and head of the Tanzania Military Academy, an army officers' training school at Monduli in Arusha Region. Owen's father, Johann Chonde Mwambapa simply known as Chonde Mwambapa, a school teacher, was an elder brother of Godfrey's mother, the last-born in her family who was brought up by her elder brother after their parents died. She lived with him until she got married. She was twelve - almost thirteen -years younger than her brother. The younger brother of Chonde Mwambapa, Benjamin Mwambapa, was head of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) for Rungwe District at the headquarters of the police station in the town of Tukuyu since independence in the early sixties. He worked in Tukuyu with the district's police chief Robert Kaswende who later became the Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) for the whole country appointed by President Nyerere. Kaswende later served as head of the National Service - it is a part of the Ministry of Defence and National Service - appointed by the president. Robert Kaswende was also a friend of Elijah Mwakikagile and knew Godfrey's parents long before he went to Tukuyu to serve as head of the police department for Rungwe District where he ended up working with Elijah's brother-in-law Benjamin Mwambapa. Benjamin Mwambapa was a police officer since the early 1950s and worked for the head of the Special Branch, an intelligence and security service unit during British colonial rule, for Lake Province surrounding and extending beyond Lake Victoria in the provincial capital Mwanza. When he was in the police department in Mwanza, Benjamin Mwambapa was a colleague of Peter D.M. Bwimbo who, after independence, became deputy director of the Tanzania Intelligence and Security Service (TISS). Bwimbo later served as President Nyerere's chief bodyguard and head of the president's protection and security unit. In his book Mlinzi Mkuu wa Mwalimu Nyerere (Swahili edition) which means Chief Bodyguard of Mwalimu Nyerere published in 2015, Peter Bwimbo wrote about Benjamin Mwambapa as one of his colleagues in the police department in Mwanza since 1953. It was a decade that marked the beginning of the end of colonial rule in Tanganyika. Coincidentally, Peter Bwimbo's younger brother, Patrick Bwimbo, was a classmate of Godfrey Mwakikagile at Tambaza High School in Dar es Salaam. Benjamin Mwambapa was seven years older than his youngest sister, Godfrey's mother. Godfrey's father Elijah was a first cousin of one of Tanzania's first commercial airline pilots, Oscar Mwamwaja, who was shot but survived when he was a co-pilot of an Air Tanzania plane, a Boeing 737, that was hijacked on 26 February 1982 and forced to fly from Tanzania to Britain. Elijah's mother was an elder sister of Oscar's father. The hijacking incident was widely covered by the Tanzanian press and other media outlets including BBC, The New York Times and American television networks CBS, NBC, ABC, and PBS. It was one of the major stories during that time because of threats by the hijackers to blow up the plane and kill all the hostages when they were held captive for a number of days at an airport near London and because of the hijackers' demands which included the resignation of President Nyerere. Headlines in The New York Times included “Hijacked Jetliner Arrives in Britain,” 28 February 1982, and “4 Tanzanian Hijackers Surrender; 90 Hostages Are Freed in Britain,” 1 March 1982. Oscar Mwamwaja was also featured in an article by Leonard Levitt, “Tanzania: A Dream Deferred,” in The New York Times Magazine, November 1982, which he wrote after he revisited Tanzania and Mpuguso Middle School where he taught almost 20 years earlier. A schoolmate of Godfrey Mwakikagile, Oscar was also one of Levitt's students at Mpuguso, a school whose alumni include some of the prominent figures in Tanzania, among them Brigadier-General Owen Rhodfrey Mwambapa; Harold Nsekela, a law lecturer at the University of Dar es Salaam, later judge at the High Court of Tanzania and at the Court of Appeal of Tanzania, also judge and president of the East African Court of Justice with jurisdiction over six East African countries constituting the East African Community (EAC); James Mwakisyala, the Tanzania editor and bureau chief of The EastAfrican, a major weekly newspaper covering the countries of the African Great Lakes region who was a nephew of Brown and Weidi Ngwilulupi Mwasakafyuka and schoolmate of Mwakikagile; Daimon Mwakyembe, Director of the Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS) and schoolmate of Mwakikagile and Mwakisyala at Mpuguso and an elder brother of Harrison Mwakyembe, a cabinet member under two presidents; and David Mwakyusa, also a cabinet member and Member of Parliament (MP) and the last personal doctor of President Nyerere who was with him when the Tanzanian leader died in a London hospital in October 1999. Mpuguso Middle School was one of the leading schools in the Southern Highlands Province during and after British colonial rule. Tanzania's Director of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID), Geoffrey Sawaya, who played a critical role in the investigation, arrest, prosecution and conviction of the people who attempted to overthrow the government in a plot masterminded by the former Minister of Defence and External Affairs, Oscar Kambona, was once headmaster of Mpuguso Middle School before he was later appointed by President Nyerere to be CID director. The treason trial took place in the early seventies. It was the longest treason trial in the country's history and one of only two. The other one was in the early eighties. Education and early employment[edit] Godfrey Mwakikagile attended Kyimbila Primary School - founded by British feminist educator Mary Hancock and transformed into a co-educational institution - near the town of Tukuyu, and Mpuguso Middle School in Rungwe District, Mbeya Region, in the Southern Highlands. The headmaster of Mpuguso Middle School, Moses Mwakibete, was his math teacher in 1961 who later became a judge at the High Court of Tanzania appointed by President Nyerere. Mwakikagile also attended Songea Secondary School in Ruvuma Region which was once a part of the Southern Province. His current affairs teacher at Songea Secondary School, Julius Mwasanyagi, was one of the prominent early members and leaders of TANU who played a major role in the struggle for independence and worked closely with Nyerere. And his headmaster at Songea Secondary School, Paul Mhaiki, was later appointed by President Nyerere as Director of Adult Education at the Ministry of National Education. Mhaiki later worked for the United Nations (UN) as Director of UNESCO's Division of Literacy, Adult Education, and Rural Development. After finishing his studies at Songea Secondary School in Form IV (Standard 12), Mwakikagile went to Tambaza High School in Dar es Salaam, formerly H.H. The Aga Khan High School mostly for Asian students (Indian and Pakistani), where he completed Form VI (Standard 14). One of his classmates at Tambaza High School was Mohamed Chande Othman, simply known as Chande, who became Chief Justice of Tanzania appointed to the nation's highest court by President Jakaya Kikwete after serving as a high court judge and as a UN prosecutor for international criminal tribunals.[10] One of Tanzania's first commercial airline pilots, George Mazula, was also a classmate of Mwakikagile and Chande at Tambaza High School in Form V and Form VI from 1969 to 1970. Their other classmates at Tambaza were Abdallah Yakuti who became news editor of the Daily News and Balinagwe Mwambungu who became a sub-editor at the same newspaper many years after Mwakikagile left the Daily News and was in the United States. President Nyerere's son and first-born child, Andrew Nyerere, was also their schoolmate at Tambaza. They all stayed together at the school's student hostel that was overwhelmingly Asian, Indian and Pakistani. They were among the first few African students to integrate the predominantly Asian school. While still in high school at Tambaza, Mwakikagile joined the editorial staff of The Standard (later renamed the Daily News) in 1969 as a reporter. He was hired by the news editor, David Martin, a renowned British journalist who later became Africa correspondent of a London newspaper, The Observer, the world's oldest Sunday paper. David Martin also covered the Angolan civil war for BBC and for CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation) and was a close friend of President Nyerere. Mwakikagile credits David Martin for opening the door for him into the world of journalism and helping him launch his career as a news reporter when he was still a high school student. In addition to his position as news editor, David Martin also served as deputy managing editor of the Tanganyika Standard. [3] Founded in 1930, The Standard was the oldest and largest English newspaper in the country and one of the three largest in East Africa, a region comprising Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. After finishing high school in November 1970, Mwakikagile joined the National Service in January 1971 which was mandatory for all those who had completed secondary school, high school and college or university studies. He underwent training, which included basic military training, at Ruvu National Service camp when it was headed by his former primary school teacher Eslie Mwakyambiki before he became a Member of Parliament and Deputy Minister of Defence and National Service under President Nyerere. Mwakikagile then went to another National Service camp in Bukoba on the shores of Lake Victoria in the North-West Region bordering Uganda, a part of which was annexed by Ugandan military ruler Idi Amin when his army invaded Tanzania in October 1978 but was reclaimed by Tanzania's armed forces in a counter-attack during the Kagera War. After leaving National Service, Mwakikagile returned to the Daily News. His editor then was Sammy Mdee who later served as President Nyerere's press secretary and as Tanzania's deputy ambassador to the United Nations and as ambassador to France and Portugal, and then Benjamin Mkapa who helped him to go for further studies in the United States. Years later, Mkapa became President of Tanzania after serving as President Nyerere's press secretary, Minister of Foreign Affairs and as ambassador to Nigeria, Canada and the United States among other cabinet and ambassadorial posts. He was a student of Nyerere in secondary school at St. Francis College, Pugu, on the outskirts of Dar es Salaam, and president of Tanzania for 10 years, serving two consecutive five-year terms.[11] Mwakikagile also worked as an information officer at the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (now known as the Ministry of Information, Youth, Culture and Sports) in Dar es Salaam. He left Tanzania in November 1972 to go for further studies in the United States when he was a reporter at the Daily News under Mkapa. He has stated in some of his writings including Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era that without Mkapa, he may never have gone to school in the United States where he became an author and an Africanist focusing on post-colonial studies.[12] Among his books on post-colonial studies is The African Post-colonial State and its Challenges published in 2022. He has also written about conflicts and border disputes in post-colonial Africa. One of his books on the subject is Growing up in a Border District and Resolving the Tanzania-Malawi Lake Dispute: Compromise and concessions also published in 2022. In the United States, Godfrey Mwakikagile served as president of the African Students Union whilst attending Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan. He graduated from that university in 1975.[13] He is listed as one of the "notable people" in academia among all of the alumni of Wayne State University in an article in Wikipedia about the school. One of his roommates in Detroit when both were students at Wayne State University during the same time was Amadou S.O. Taal from The Gambia. After he finished his studies, Taal returned to The Gambia where President Dawda Jawara appointed him to a senior cabinet-level position in which he served until Jawara was overthrown in a military coup led by Yahya Jammeh in 1994. Twenty-four years later in 2018, Taal was appointed by President Adama Barrow as Gambia's ambassador to Nigeria and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and to 12 other African countries including Ghana and Angola. Coincidentally, one of Amadou Taal's closest friends, Hassan Jallow who got his law degree from the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania in the early seventies, became Gambia's Attorney-General and later Minister of Justice under President Jawara. In 2003, Jallow was appointed by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan and by the Security Council as the UN chief prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) based in Arusha, Tanzania. Throughout his tenure, Amadou Taal represented The Gambia at international conferences in many countries including Tanzania. Another roommate and classmate of Godfrey Mwakikagile in Detroit was Kwabena Dompre from Ghana who became a senior government official, appointed by President Hilla Limann, after he returned home. He served directly under President Limann and travelled with the president within and outside the country as a member of the president's inner circle and held that position until Limann was overthrown by Jerry Rawlings in a military coup in 1981. Another colleague of Mwakikagile in Detroit and at Wayne State University was Raphael Munavu from Kenya who graduated from Wayne State University and the University of Detroit. His wife Salome, also from Kenya, was also a student at Wayne State University and schoolmate of Mwakikagile. After he earned his doctorate in chemistry, Raphael returned to Kenya with his wife where he became a professor of chemistry at the University of Nairobi and his wife head of the university's library. One of Munavu's students at the University of Nairobi was William Ruto who became Vice President of Kenya under Uhuru Kenyatta. Ruto was also the main speaker at Salome Munavu's funeral in Machakos in June 2021. Raphael Munavu also served as vice-chancellor of Moi University, appointed by President Daniel arap Moi. He also served as chairman of the Kenya National Examination Council appointed by President Mwai Kibaki, chairman of the National Academy of Sciences, chancellor of Laikipia University, and chairman of the Council of South Eastern University College which later became a full-fledged university. Vice President Ruto, in his campaign to succeed Uhuru Kenyatta as President of Kenya, chose Professor Munavu, one of the country's leading academics, to be a member of his think tank assigned to write his party's manifesto and manage his presidential campaign against former Prime Minister Raila Odinga in the general election to be held in August 2022. Mwakikagile has written about them in his books Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era and Reflections on Race Relations: A Personal Odyssey in which he also recounts his student days in Detroit. After completing his studies at Wayne State University, Mwakikagile went to Aquinas College in Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1976. One of his professors of economics and head of the economics department at Aquinas was Kenneth Marin who once worked as an economic advisor to the government of Tanzania in Dar es Salaam on capital mobilisation and utilisation from the late 1960s to the early 1970s. Before he went to Tanzania, Professor Marin was a member of the White House Consumer Advisory Council where he served on Wage and Price Control in the mid-1960s, appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson. In 1966, Professor Marin was a member of a U.S. State Department evaluation team that was assigned to review various performances in the economic and political arena in six South American countries. After he left Tanzania, he returned to his home town, Grand Rapids, to teach at Aquinas College, his alma mater. He was also a graduate of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Kenneth Marin also taught another student from Tanzania at Aquinas College, Enos Bukuku, in the sixties, who became a professor of economics, an economic advisor to President Nyerere, chairman of the Board of the Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA), Deputy Governor of the Bank of Tanzania and Deputy Secretary-General of the East African Community.[14][15] On an Aquinas College website, Godfrey Mwakikagile is described as a "renowned African studies scholar" and together with three other alumni is listed as being among "some of the most esteemed" in the history of the school. Racism in colonial Tanganyika[edit] Main articles: History of Tanzania, German East Africa, and Chief Mkwawa See also: East Africa Protectorate Tanganyika was a racially stratified society during colonial rule. Mwakikagile lived under this system of racial segregation and discrimination when he was growing up in Tanganyika in the fifties. Racial segregation based on skin colour similar to those in apartheid South Africa and the United States was inflicted against the native Africans by the European colonialists. Lavatories were labelled "Europeans," "Asians" and "Africans." Some hotels and bars were labelled "Europeans." There were separate schools for Europeans, Asians and Africans. Facilities for Africans - black people - were the worst. African leaders, including Julius Nyerere, campaigning for independence were subjected to the same racial indignities which continued even after the end of colonial rule, especially during the early years, but drew a swift response from the new government which was predominantly black and multi-racial. As Mwakikagile stated in his book Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era, citing Legum and Mmari: "Mwalimu [Julius Nyerere] himself had experienced racial discrimination, what we in East Africa – and elsewhere including southern Africa – also call colour bar. As Colin Legum states in a book he edited with Tanzanian professor, Geoffrey Mmari, Mwalimu: The Influence of Nyerere: I was privileged to meet Nyerere while he was still a young teacher in short trousers at the very beginning of his political career, and to engage in private conversations with him since the early 1950s. My very first encounter in 1953 taught me something about his calm authority in the face of racism in colonial Tanganyika. I had arranged a meeting with four leaders of the nascent nationalist movement at the Old Africa Hotel in Dar es Salaam. We sat at a table on the pavement and ordered five beers, but before we could lift our glasses an African waiter rushed up and whipped away all the glasses except mine. I rose to protest to the white manager, but Nyerere restrained me. 'I am glad it happened,' he said, 'now you can go and tell your friend Sir Edward Twining [the colonial governor at the time] how things are in this country.' His manner was light and amusing, with no hint of anger. Simple, yet profound. For, beneath the surface lay a steely character with a deep passion for justice across the colour line and an uncompromising commitment to the egalitarian ideals he espoused and implemented throughout his political career, favouring none. Years later his son, Andrew Nyerere, told me about an incident that also took place in the capital Dar es Salaam shortly after Tanganyika won independence in 1961 near the school he and I attended and where we also stayed from 1969 - 1970. Like the incident earlier when Julius Nyerere was humiliated at the Old Africa Hotel back in 1953, this one also involved race. As Andrew stated in a letter to me in 2002 when I was writing this book: 'As you remember, Sheikh Amri Abeid was the first mayor of Dar es Salaam. Soon after independence, the mayor went to Palm Beach Hotel (near our high school, Tambaza, on United Nations Road in Upanga). There was a sign at the hotel which clearly stated: 'No Africans and dogs allowed inside.' He was blocked from entering the hotel, and said in protest, 'But I am the Mayor.' Still he was told, 'You will not get in.' Shortly thereafter, the owner of the hotel was given 48 hours to leave the country. When the nationalization exercise began, that hotel was the first to be nationalized.' Such insults were the last thing that could be tolerated in newly independent Tanganyika. And President Nyerere, probably more than any other African leader, would not have tolerated, and did not tolerate, seeing even the humblest of peasants being insulted and humiliated by anyone including fellow countrymen." - (Godfrey Mwakikagile, Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era, Fifth Edition, New Africa Press, 2010, pp. 501 – 502). The white man who was deported from Tanganyika soon after independence when he insulted the black mayor of the nation's capital Dar es Salaam at Palm Beach Hotel was Felix Arensen, the hotel's owner and manager. As Professor Paul Bjerk states in his book Building a Peaceful Nation: Julius Nyerere and The Establishment of Sovereignty in Tanzania, 1960 – 1964: “The deportation of Felix Arensen, a Swiss hotel manager, was the first in a series of punitive expulsions of Europeans that came as the TANU executive committee met in the first weeks of 1962. They evinced a bitter debate between racial moderates and extremists in the party. Nyerere spoke in support of the deportations, placating the extremists, saying that even if immediate economic change was not possible, Africans had a right to respect from other races and that the government’s patience on this matter was exhausted. Arensen had failed to recognize Amri Abedi as the new mayor of Dar es Salaam and ejected him from the hotel....The following day, three more foreign motel owners were served with deportation notices for refusing lodging to Jacob Namfua, a former TFL (Tanganyika Federation of Labour) official recently become parliamentary secretary to the Ministry of Finance (in the early seventies, he was appointed by President Nyerere as Minister of Information and Broadcasting). Given the bitter strikes in the sisal industry, the political change had only heightened the sense of antagonism between white business owners and African workers—and their youthful and newly empowered representatives. The next day, another Swiss sisal plantation engineer was expelled for pinning a TANU pin on his dog. (Leaders of the ruling party TANU and government officials) began compiling a list of eighty-seven whites and Asians to be expelled....Even moderate members of the TANU government like Paul Bomani and Rashidi Kawawa (who became vice president) issued warnings that 'anybody who cannot adjust himself to this (racial equality) should pack up and go because this Government will not tolerate the behavior of those who live between two worlds.'.” – (Paul Bjerk, Building a Peaceful Nation: Julius Nyerere and The Establishment of Sovereignty in Tanzania, 1960 – 1964, Rochester, New York: University of Rochester Press, 2015, p. 75). More whites and some Asians, but mostly whites, were expelled from Tanganyika in the following days, weeks and months for insulting black people and for disrespecting leaders of the newly independent country which was predominantly black. There was also residential segregation in urban areas reminiscent of apartheid South Africa and the United States during and even after the era of segregation. Members of different races lived in their own areas. Dar es Salaam was a typical example. As Trevor Grundy, a British journalist who worked in Tanzania at the same newspaper where Godfrey Mwakikagile also worked as a news reporter during the same period, stated in his review of Professor Thomas Molony's book, Nyerere - The Early Years: "The British turned Tanganyika into an undeclared apartheid state that was socially divided between divided Africans, Europeans and Asians....It was British-style apartheid - their secret was never to give racial segregation a name." - (Trevor Grundy, "Julius Nyerere Reconsidered", review of Thomas Molony, Nyerere - The Early Years, africaunauthorised.com, 4 May 2015). The years Godfrey Mwakikagile spent under segregation when he was growing up in different parts of Tanganyika shaped his thinking and perspective on race relations and on the impact of colonial rule on the colonised when he became a writer of non-fiction books about colonial and post-colonial Africa. There was also racial discrimination in employment during colonial rule when Godfrey Mwakikagile was growing up in the fifties. Europeans, Asians and members of other races earned more than Africans did even if they had the same skills and level of education. His father was a victim of such discrimination when he worked for the colonial government, as he has stated in his autobiographical writings. The struggle for independence in Tanganyika in the 1950s, Mwakikagile's formative years, was partly fuelled by such racial injustices which, years later, became the focus of some of his writings. Racial incidents He has written about racism in his book Life in Tanganyika in The Fifties and other works including Life under British Colonial Rule: Recollections of an African in which he has described some incidents of racial injustice. One such incident involved his father when a white supervisor where he worked told him he could not have lunch in the office they shared or even put it on the table. But the supervisor could eat there. Another one had to do with Godfrey Mwakikagile himself when, as a six-year-old walking to school with other boys, he was severely injured after being chased and bitten by a dog owned by a white couple who lived in a house the children went by everyday, on a public road, on their way to and from school. Decades later, he stated in his autobiographical writings, Life under British Colonial Rule: Recollections of an African published in 2018, that he still had a highly visible scar on his right knee where he was bitten by the dog. It was a large dog and it could have killed him. The couple had two dogs, including a German shepherd, which used to chase the boys. They knew the children went by their house and saw them on their way to and from school everyday but did not tie the dogs or keep them on leashes. The house was on a tea plantation at Kyimbila, the children passed through, and the husband was the manager of Kyimbila Tea Estate. That was in 1956 when Godfrey Mwakikagile was in Standard One in primary school in Rungwe District in the Southern Highlands Province, as he stated in his books Life in Tanganyika in The Fifties, My Life as an African, Life under British Colonial Rule and Tanzania under Mwalimu Nyerere: Reflections on an African Statesman. After being bitten by the dog, he stated in his autobiographical writings that he went on to school where he attended class without getting any help – there was no medical assistance at the primary school, not even a First Aid kit – until he returned home in the evening. He continued to go to school in the following days. And nothing could be done to the dog owners during those days. It was colonial rule, blacks did not have the same rights whites had and "knew their place" in terms of social status as colonial subjects not as equal citizens in a racially divided society which was vertically structured not only to keep whites on top of other races, especially blacks, but also virtually above the law. Godfrey Mwakikagile also stated in his autobiographical works that when he was bitten by the dog, the attack was seared in his memory but as a six-year-old he did not see it in terms of racism until he became a teenager. Years later, he stated in some of his writings that had the children been white, the white couple would probably not have allowed the dogs to roam freely knowing they could attack them. The colonial rulers and many white settlers had total disregard for the well-being of Africans as Godfrey Mwakikagile himself experienced when he was growing up in colonial Tanganyika and almost lost his life when he was attacked by a dog owned by a white couple who did not care about the safety of African children, or any other blacks, passing by their house even though they walked on a public road. As he stated in his book, Life under British Colonial Rule: "There is no question that justice was colour-conscious during colonial rule. That was one of the tragedies of being colonised; our status defined by the colour of our skin. Colour is immaterial but it carries a lot of weight." - (Godfrey Mwakikagile, Life under British Colonial Rule, New Africa Press, 2018, p. 108; G. Mwakikagile, Black Conservatives in the United States, 2006, p. 96). Writings[edit] Mwakikagile's first book, Economic Development in Africa, was published in June 1999. He has maintained a steady pace since then, writing more than 70 books in 20 years as his bibliography shows, mostly about Africa during the post-colonial era. He has been described as a political scientist and as a historian although his works defy classification. He has written about history, politics, economics, as well as contemporary and international affairs from an African and a Third World perspective. He takes an interdisciplinary approach in his works combining history, political science, economics, philosophy, cultural and international studies and other academic disciplines in his analysis of a wide range of issues focusing on Africa, especially during the post-colonial era. He has, among other areas of study, written extensively on regional integration and conflict resolution in Africa in the post-colonial era. His books on conflict resolution include Civil Wars in Rwanda and Burundi: Conflict Resolution in Africa (2013), and the partly autobiographical, Growing up in a Border District and Resolving the Tanzania-Malawi Lake Dispute: Compromise and concessions, published in 2022. He has also written some books about the African diaspora, mainly Black America and the Afro-Caribbean region including Afro-Caribbean communities in Britain and the United States. His books on race relations include Across The Colour Line in an American City, On the Banks of a River, In the Crucible of Identity and Reflections on Race Relations: A Personal Odyssey, published in 2021, which is a work of comparative analysis between colonial Tanganyika and the United States in terms of race relations that also focuses on problems in race relations in the American context in contemporary times. Book: Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era[edit] He is known for his book Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era,[16] published not long after Nyerere died. The book brought Mwakikagile into prominence in Tanzania and elsewhere. He is considered by many experts to be an authority on Nyerere and one of his most prominent biographers.[17] Professor David Simon, a specialist in development studies at the University of London and Director of the Centre for Development Areas Research at Royal Holloway College, published in 2005 excerpts from the book in his compiled study, Fifty Key Thinkers on Development.[18] Mwakikagile's book was reviewed by West Africa magazine in 2002.[19] It was also reviewed by a prominent Tanzanian journalist and political analyst, Fumbuka Ng'wanakilala of the Daily News, Dar es Salaam, in October 2002, and is seen as a comprehensive work, in scope and depth, on Nyerere.[20] The same book was also reviewed by Professor Roger Southall of the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), formerly of Rhodes University, South Africa, in the bi-annual interdisciplinary publication, the Journal of Contemporary African Studies (Taylor & Francis Group), 22, No. 3, in 2004. Professor Southall was also the editor of the journal during that period. Others who reviewed the book include Professor A.B. Assensoh, a Ghanaian teaching at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana, in the United States. He reviewed the first edition of Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era in the African Studies Review, an academic journal of the African Studies Association, in 2003. It is also a comprehensive work on post-colonial Africa in terms of the major events covered since the sixties when most countries on the continent won independence. Events covered include emergence and consolidation of the one-party state as a continental phenomenon after the end of colonial rule; the Congo crisis triggered by the secession of Katanga Province and the assassination of Patrice Lumumba; the end of Mobutu's reign over Congo after decades in power since Lumumba's assassination; the Zanzibar revolution followed by the union of Tanganyika and Zanzibar to form Tanzania; declaration of independence by Biafra and subsequent civil war ignited by the secession of the Eastern Region resolutely opposed by Federal Nigeria; the war between Tanzania and Uganda under Idi Amin. Other events Mwakikagile has covered in his book include Western involvement in the countries of southern Africa in support of white minority governments; the liberation struggle in Mozambique and eventual victory by the freedom fighters of the Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frelimo); the war in Zimbabwe leading to victory by the liberation forces of ZANU and ZAPU; the struggle for independence in Angola led by the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and subsequent victory over the Portuguese colonial forces. The influence of Nyerere as a continental and Third World leader also constitutes a significant part of the book including a chapter on Nyerere and Nkrumah on the different approaches they took in an attempt to achieve continental unity under one government. The first and last chapters provide a comprehensive look at the continent from the sixties to the nineties and beyond, constituting a panoramic view of post-colonial Africa during some of its most turbulent times since the end of colonial rule. The book has also been cited by a number of African leaders including South African Vice-President Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka in one of her speeches about African leadership and development in which she quoted the author.[21] Book: Africa and the West[edit] Godfrey Mwakikagile's 2000 book Africa and the West was favourably reviewed in a number of publications, including the influential West Africa magazine by editor Kofi Akosah-Sarpong, who described Mwakikagile as an author who articulates the position of African Renaissance thinkers.[22] The book has been described as an appeal to Africans to respect their cultures, values, and traditions and take a firm stand against alien ideas that pollute African minds and undermine Africa. A strong condemnation of the conquest of Africa by the imperial powers, it is also a philosophical text used in a number of colleges and universities in the study of African identity, philosophy, and history. Mwakikagile has written about the impact of Western influence on Africa and how it has affected the continent's destiny even in terms of perception of its people by the rest of the world. Although he concedes there may have been some benefits – on both sides – from the interaction between Africa and Europe, he contends that the effect of Western influence on Africans has largely been negative and has served to reinforce racial stereotypes about Africans which have a long history in the minds of Westerners from the first time they came into contact with Africans. He contends that racism has been a major factor in this interaction between Africa and the West, including total disregard for the well-being of Africans which was a continental phenomenon especially during colonial rule even if the parallels were not exact; it was the same experience, and humiliation, nonetheless, be it in Tanganyika, Kenya, Guinea or Mali. As he states in his book Africa and The West: "In all the African colonies, exploitation went hand in hand with degradation and brutality. In the Congo under the Belgian King Leopold II, Belgians chopped off the hands and arms of Africans who did not collect enough rubber from the forest. In Tanganyika, when it was German East Africa, Germans introduced forced labor and corporal punishment, virtually enslaving Africans, a practice which triggered the Maji Maji war of resistance from 1905 – 07 and covered almost half of the country. The uprising almost ended German rule which was saved only after reinforcements were rushed from Germany. The French in West Africa also introduced forced labor. Some of the leaders of independent Africa toiled in those labor camps. Madeira Keita, a native of Mali who was active in the politics of Guinea before it won independence in 1958 and collaborated closely with Sekou Toure in founding the Democratic Party of Guinea, was one of them. In April 1959, he became Interior Minister of Mali, and in August 1960, he also became Minister of National Defense, holding two ministerial posts under President Modibo Keita. He related his experience as a conscripted laborer: 'Before 1945, there was a colonial regime with government by decree, the regime of the indignat. The indignat form of government permitted the colonial administration to put Africans in prison without any trial. Sometimes you were put in prison for two weeks because you did not greet the administrator or the commander. You were happy enough if they did not throw stones at you or send you to a work camp, because there was also forced labor at that time. In 1947, I met French journalists who were very surprised to learn that forced labor was nonvoluntary and not paid for. Transportation was not even covered; nor were food and lodging. The only thing that was covered was work.' The conquest of Africa inexorably led to such brutality because its purpose was exploitation which has no room for compassion. It was an invasion we could very well have done without. The baneful foreign influence Africa is still subjected to is a result of that invasion. And we are now inextricably linked with our former conquerors, for better or for worse, in an international system which accentuates inequalities and from which no part of humanity can extricate itself. But the materialism of the West, which has found its way into Africa with devastating impact, must be counterbalanced with the spirituality and sense of sharing of the African which animates his culture, indeed his very being." - Godfrey Mwakikagile, Africa and The West, Huntington, New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2000, pp. 14 – 15; Madeira Keita, "Le Parti Unique en Afrique," in Presence Africaine, No. 30, February – March 1960; and Madeira Keita, "The Single Party in Africa," in Paul E. Sigmund, ed., The Ideologies of the Developing Nations, New York: Praeger, 1963, p. 170. On the African uprising and war of resistance against German colonial rule in Tanganyika, see, among other works, G. C. K. Gwassa and John Iliffe, eds., Records of the Maji-Maji Rising, Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Publishing House, 1968). Mwakikagile further stated in Africa and The West: "The argument that we blacks are genetically inferior to members of other races is nothing new. It is a stereotype rooted in Western intellectual tradition and has even been given "credibility" by some of the most eminent thinkers of the Western world including Immanuel Kant, Georg Hegel, David Hume, and Baron de Montesquieu. Some of them did not even consider blacks to be full human beings. As Montesquieu stated in The Spirit of the Laws: 'These creatures are all over black, and with such a flat nose, that they can scarcely be pitied. It is hardly to be believed that God, who is a wise Being, should place a soul, especially a good soul, in such a black, ugly body. The Negroes prefer a glass necklace to that gold which polite nations so highly value: can there be a greater proof of their wanting common sense? It is impossible for us to suppose these creatures to be men.' The other philosophers were no less racist. According to Kant: 'The Negroes of Africa have received from nature no intelligence that rises above the foolish. The difference between the two races (black and white) is thus a substantial one: it appears to be just as great in respect of the faculties of the mind as in color.' Hume: 'I am apt to suspect the Negroes...to be naturally inferior to the whites. There never was any civilized nation of any other complexion than white, nor even any individual eminent in action or speculation. No ingenious manufactures among them, no arts, no sciences...Such a uniform and constant difference could not happen, in so many countries and ages, if nature had not made an original distinction betwixt these breeds of men.' And according to Hegel: 'Africa...is no historical part of the world; it has no movement or development to exhibit.' It is a sentiment echoed more than 100 years later in contemporary times by many people including British historian Arnold Toynbee who died in 1975. As he put it: 'The black races alone have not contributed positively to any civilization.' And in the words of that great humanitarian Dr. Albert Schweitzer: 'The Negro is a child, and with children nothing can be done without the use of authority. We must, therefore, so arrange the circumstances of daily life that my natural authority can find expression. With regard to the Negroes, then, I have coined the formula: 'I am your brother, it is true, but your elder brother"... The conquest of Africa led not only to oppression and exploitation, but also to denigration of her culture and indigenous institutions. Africans, at least a vary large number of them, were brainwashed into believing that they had no history they could be proud of; that all their customs and traditions were bad, and that even their languages were bad.... When Africa was conquered by the imperial powers, she was also conquered by ideas...as a very effective weapon for conquering other people by conquering their minds.... There is no other continent which is endowed with so much in terms of natural resources. But there is also no other continent where it has been so easy for foreigners to take what does not belong to them.... Because of the pervasive nature of Western influence, its negative impact has reached all parts of the world, including Africa where the devastation wrought is difficult to contain because of the underdeveloped nature of our economies, and also because of our inability to resist such penetration. The sheer scope of such influence, as well as its negative attraction especially among the youth who are mesmerized by the glitter of the West, is mind-boggling and far beyond our capacity to resist it. That is especially the case in the cities which continue to attract millions of people in search of better - read, Western - life. It is a burden Africa cannot bear. The West may have harnessed the forces of nature and pushed the frontiers of knowledge in many areas, from which Africa has indeed benefited as has the rest of the world. But Africa's contribution – material and spiritual as well as intellectual – to the growth of Western civilization has never been fully acknowledged. Nor has the destruction of African civilization by the West through imperial conquest. That is undoubtedly one of the saddest chapters in the history of relations between Africa and the West. As Immanuel Kant, although a racist, conceded in one of his works Eternal Peace and Other Essays: 'If we compare the barbarian instances of inhospitality...with the inhuman behavior of the civilized, and especially the commercial, states of our continent, the injustice practiced by them even in their first contact with foreign lands and peoples fills us with horror; the mere visiting of such peoples being regarded by them as equivalent to a conquest...The Negro lands,...The Cape of Good Hope, etc., on being discovered, were treated as countries that belonged to nobody; for the aboriginal inhabitants were reckoned as nothing...And all this has been done by nations who make a great ado about their piety, and who, while drinking up iniquity like water, would have themselves regarded as the very elect of orthodox faith.' Africa has yet to recover from the multiple wounds inflicted on her by this Western invasion. But there is a glimmer of hope. And that is traditional Africa. In spite of all the devastating blows our continent has sustained from the West, traditional Africa continues to be the continent's spiritual anchor and bedrock of our values without which we are no more than a dilapidated house shifting on quick sand. It is to traditional society that we must turn to save Africa from the West, and also save ourselves – from ourselves....Our future may lie in the past." - (G. Mwakikagile, Africa and The West, ibid., pp. vii – ix, vi, 208, 218). If Africans don't do that, true African Renaissance is impossible; it is impossible without returning to roots, he contends. It is traditional Africa which defines who and what we are as a people and as an organic entity because it is the heart and soul, and essence, of our very being, but capable of coexistence with others on the basis of equality without necessarily leading to a higher synthesis of cultures at the expense of individual cultural identities, he contends. Mwakikagile further contends that it is this essence of African-ness which is acknowledged even by some Westernised or brainwashed Africans in rare moments of nostalgia when they say: That is how we lived before the coming of Europeans; that is how our ancestors lived; that is what our ancestors did; not everything was good but they were good old days; our communal and family ties were stronger in those days than they are today; that is how we lived as Africans; that is what it meant to be African - those days are gone. It was an essence, of African-ness, that was not contaminated or threatened in its pristine beauty, by foreign influence, because there was no such influence. When they acknowledge this essence, they are invoking the essence of their very being, yet at the same repudiate it when they embrace Westernisation or any other foreign influence and identity because they think it is better than being African, he contends. He goes on to argue that Africans can continue to be active members of the global community and benefit from modernisation without losing or compromising their essence as Africans. And that means reclaiming the spirit and values of traditional Africa and its institutions as well as indigenous knowledge to enable them to chart their way forward and navigate in the treacherous waters of globalisation which threatens the integrity and well-being of the continent in terms of identity and personality. Otherwise we are going to copy everything from other people and become a product of other cultures as if we did not have our own essence and identity before we came into contact with them, he contends. He goes on to argue that culture is a vital force and source of life for a nation. A nation without culture has no soul. It has no spiritual identity. And it has no vitality of its own as if it is a lifeless corporeal entity, he contends. He also states that by turning against traditional Africa, modernised Africans have lost their soul since it is traditional Africa which is the essence of their very being. Effects of colonial rule Mwakikagile also contends that cultural imperialism has had a devastating impact on many Africans in terms of identity, with many of them preferring to be anything else but African because they are ashamed of their "primitive" African heritage and Africa's "backwardness." Some of them even proudly profess they have "forgotten" their native languages after living abroad, especially in the West, for only a few years; sometimes for only two to three - let alone five or more. They say they can no longer speak Swahili, Gikuyu and so on. They can only speak English, French, German, Dutch, Swedish or some other European language. Many of them don't even know those languages well. Yet they are so proud of speaking them, and with phoney accents just to sound British or American, French, German and so on, because they are not African languages. And there are those who anglicise their African names or spell them in some other European language because it makes them "sophisticated" and no longer "primitive." He further states that many Africans like to mix English, French or Portuguese - languages of their former colonial masters - with the native languages they speak as a sign of "sophistication" and of being "well-educated," a phenomenon which, in East Africa, has led to the evolution of what is known as Kiswanglish, a hybrid of Kiswahili and English especially in Kenya and Tanzania. He goes on to state that this is especially so among the elite, most of whom are a product of Western education even in local schools in terms of intellectual preparation from the primary school level patterned after the colonial educational systems of Western origin. Mwakikagile also contends that even African countries are described as English-speaking, French-speaking and Portuguese-speaking even though the vast majority of the people in those countries don't even understand let alone speak those languages. Africans themselves describe their countries in terms of being Anglophone, Francophone and Lusophone instead of describing them as multi-lingual African-speaking countries since most of the people in those countries speak indigenous languages. He goes on to state that many Africans are even proud of being called "British" or "French" as was the case during colonial rule when many educated Africans in "Anglophone" and "Francophone" Africa thought it was a very high compliment when some of their own people and the colonial rulers said to them: "Oh, you're very British," "You're very French," instead of seeing it as an insult to their dignity and identity as Africans. They became very "un-African." And whey they became leaders and bureaucrats in their own countries after the end of colonial rule, they continued to glorify their former colonial masters and serve the metropolitan powers. They were so brainwashed that they agreed with their former colonial rulers and even themselves believed that there was something wrong with being African. They were proud of being Europeanised and de-Africanised. Mwakikagile further states that cultural imperialism also has been very destructive in terms of indigenous knowledge that has been lost through suppression of native languages which are the repository of such knowledge transmitted from one generation to the next. Languages of the conquerors who ruled Africa are still given priority at the expense of native languages even decades after independence. Little or nothing is being done to give native languages the status they deserve as vital tools for the preservation and dissemination of indigenous knowledge while, at the same time, continuing to use the languages of the former colonial powers - English, French and Portuguese - out of necessity. It is as if native languages are irrelevant to the well-being of Africans, reinforcing the attitude that nothing good comes out of Africa except minerals and other natural resources. And nothing good, not even indigenous knowledge and institutions, ever came from Africans except labour, especially manual labour. He also contends that Western education was intended to de-Africanise Africans, as educated Africans also deliberately attempted to de-Africanise themselves by turning against their own indigenous cultures and traditional ways of life and values - hence against their very being - in order to become "British," "French," and "Portuguese," the colonial powers which ruled Africa. Western education was also intended to alienate them from their own people - the more educated they were, the more de-Africanised they became - and turn them into loyal servants of their conquerors to perpetuate imperial domination of Africa even after the end of colonial rule; a goal that was achieved in most cases as has been demonstrated by the existence of neo-colonial governments in all parts of the continent since independence. He says there were only a few exceptions such as Ghana under Nkrumah, Tanzania under Nyerere, and Guinea under Sekou Toure where the leaders made a genuine attempt to achieve true independence. But even in those countries, there were subversive elements within the government and elsewhere in society working with the imperialist powers to undermine the leaders in order to sabotage their efforts to achieve true liberation from foreign domination. The colonial rulers never really left Africa; they only changed faces, he contends. Godfrey Mwakikagile goes on to state that conquest of the mind was the worst form of imperial subjugation, a position he articulates in his works, Life under British Colonial Rule: Recollections of an African and Conquest of the Mind: Imperial subjugation of Africa which was published on his birthday in 2019 and its extended version, Colonial Mentality and the Destiny of Africa published in 2020, in which he examines the negative impact of colonial mentality on Africa's well-being as a continental crisis and how it impedes Africa's progress and the quest for an African renaissance. Colonial mentality is known as kasumba in Kiswahili, the most widely spoken African language, and one of the official languages of the African Union (AU) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Mwakikagile contends in his books that in many cases, the conquered ended up identifying with their conquerors. They emulated them and even tried to be more British than the British themselves, or more French than the French themselves, and glorified them as if they were the best specimen of mankind in spite of all the suffering and humiliation the colonial rulers inflicted on them. He further contends that many Africans even identify themselves with their former colonial masters more than they do with fellow Africans who were ruled by other colonial powers. For example, Malians and Senegalese identify with the French more than they do with Ghanaians and Nigerians who were ruled by the British, further reinforcing the racist notion that Europeans are superior to Africans – it is better to be a part of them than it is to be a part of fellow Africans. He goes on to state that the political and cultural divide between Francophone and Anglophone Africa is evident even in the African Union (AU) as was the case before in the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). There is rivalry and even mistrust between member countries which were ruled by the two colonial powers: France and Britain. The most tragic case, within a country, is the bloody conflict between Anglophone Cameroon and Francophone Cameroon in a nation where the former colonial power, France, still wields enormous power and influence to the detriment of English-speaking Cameroonians of Southern Cameroons in the southwestern part of the country. Mwakikagile contends that imperial control of Africa is manifested in many other ways, making a mockery of independence Africans are so proud of. He also states that one of the tragedies that befell Africa was that to many Africans, their conquerors - European colonialists - not only became their role models; they emulated them in many ways and, by doing so, ended up destroying themselves in terms of their Africanness. He says it was a diminution of African identity and an attack on the African personality that goes on even today. He contends all that is a victory for cultural imperialism not only in terms of language, European manners and mannerisms and culture adopted by many Africans but also in terms of ideas propagated by the West. That is also the imperial logic, deliberately placing Africans in the sub-human category not only in terms of intellect but also in every other conceivable way. And that was the attitude of some settlers even in Tanganyika, placing Africans in the same category with dogs or other animals, especially monkeys, when Godfrey Mwakikagile was growing up in the fifties. That was the case even after independence in the early sixties, like the white manager of a hotel in the nation's capital Dar es Salaam who had a sign at the entrance of his hotel clearly stating, "No Africans and dogs allowed inside", and even refused to let in the mayor simply because the mayor was black. There were many incidents of racism in Tanganyika during British colonial rule. In his book Life in Tanganyika in The Fifties, Mwakikagile wrote about the British settlers he interviewed - then living in different parts of the world - and what they said about life in Tanganyika in those days. One of them stated the following in an interview in 2006: "The behaviour of the white settlers towards the Africans was not always as good as it should have been. Mind you, many of the white people were unsettled by the war, totally footloose and earning more money in East Africa than was possible back ‘home’. Many should not have been given work out there. Too much money and not enough facilities to spend it on.... I remember being shocked to hear one European admit that he treated his dogs better than he treated his African staff. Many of the Africans looking for work stated very clearly that they would only work either for a priest or a teacher. If work was not available then they would wander off in search of work elsewhere.... Whites and Africans just did not mix. The white population had their meeting places and the Africans likewise. I was not aware of any Europeans who were opposed to the status quo. Whites and Blacks just did not mix. Except, that is, in Church. The Europeans sat on the left and the Africans sat on the right hand side of the little straw covered church in Nach (Nachingwea in southeastern Tanganyika). My mother was frequently the pianist at the services.... The House servants were a vital part of everyday life; but were very firmly kept in place. I did though, witness one distressing event. An African was walking along a town street (in Nachingwea), minding his own business, when an Alsatian leapt at him from the back of a pick-up truck. The African was shocked and scared witless. He leapt out of the way and into the road. He landed in the path of an oncoming car. The (white) driver of the car only just managed to pull up in time. He leapt out of his vehicle and punched the hapless African in such a way that his jaw was fractured. Dad took it upon himself to ferry the unfortunate man to the local hospital.... The Europeans had arrived and taken over the best land for themselves. There was an overwhelming feeling that the African 'so newly brought out of barbarism' was incapable of looking after himself without the benevolent eye of the European. For the most part White and African got on. Mainly this was because the African 'knew his place'.... Many Europeans were aware that not enough was being done for the welfare of the Africans, but were unwilling to say so for fear of disturbing their own newly acquired life-style. My father had signed a contract to head a school for Europeans (in Nachingwea). He was not allowed to teach African children. The only Africans who got near the place were those learning to become office workers. They came to what was effectively nightschool.... The idea of being led by Africans was anathema to a great many Europeans.... Before we returned for the last time to the UK we were living in Nakuru (Kenya). Dad was in the process of taking over Greensteds School. The positioning of the buildings was perfect, absolutely alongside the Rift Valley. The Mau Mau uprising had just started. White settlers living away from civilisation were seen as easy targets. Many Europeans chose to carry guns.... As children we were taken once a week to a firing range and issued with 5 x 0.22 cartridges and expected to hit a tiny target. This I found immensely difficult. Because of the seriousness of the situation, the school was allocated a detachment of Africans from the ‘King’s African Rifles’. They patrolled at night. Nothing ever happened that I got to know about, except that the local Police station was raided by the Mau Mau; they stole 30 African Police uniforms and got away without being spotted.... The general feeling amongst the Europeans was that all this was a little local nuisance and that given time and a few strongarm European tactics, the indigenous population would be subdued. As we all know that situation escalated. Another of the silly aspects of the Mau Mau situation was that the colonial ladies took to carrying small pistols and had different coloured holsters to match whatever outfit they were wearing." - (Nicholas Edmondson, UK, interviewed by Godfrey Mwakikagile, Life in Tanganyika in The Fifties, Third Edition, New Africa Press, 2010, pp. 258 - 259, 260 – 263, 264 - 265, 266). Mwakikagile also states that even members of other races, not just whites, have been equally condescending and outright racist towards blacks. They include Mahatma Gandhi who was not a champion of racial equality yet was revered by a number of African and African American leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr., Kwame Nkrumah and Nelson Mandela for using non-violent methods of civil disobedience in the struggle against racial injustices and to fight for India's independence. When he lived in South Africa for 21 years, Gandhi expressed extreme racist views and described black people as "raw kaffirs", an extremely offensive term used by racist white South Africans and others which is equivalent to calling black people niggers. He argued that Indians were "infinitely superior" to blacks who were "savage," "half-heathen natives" and inferior to other people as well in many ways. He also supported racial segregation to keep blacks away from members of other races. He said unlike blacks, Indians should be on the same level with whites because they were of the same stock; they had the same Aryan roots. In 2016, his statue was removed from the University of Ghana in Accra because he did not deserve to be honoured as an icon in the struggle for racial equality and justice when he despised blacks. His statues sparked similar outrage in South Africa. Mwakikagile further states that many Asians - mostly of Indian and Pakistani origin - and Arabs in Tanganyika, later Tanzania, also held racist views but did not express them openly in a country where they were far outnumbered by blacks and whose destiny lay in the hands of the black majority. He also states that East Africans who were born and brought up during colonial rule had more direct experience with racism than West Africans did because of the larger white population in East Africa with significant settler communities, especially in Kenya, although smaller and fewer in Tanganyika. Many of them had bitter experience with the colonial rulers and the white settlers because of the racial injustices perpetrated against them, including doubts about their intelligence and even common sense expressed by some whites. As he stated in Africa and The West: "Colonialism, as a system of oppression and exploitation, not only continued to plunder Africa but sought to instill in the minds of Africans feelings of inferiority to justify such domination...This is just one example – what Colonel Ewart Grogan, the doyen of the white settlers in colonial Kenya and leader of the Kenya British Empire Party, said about Africans attending the renowned Makerere University College in Uganda: 'Just teaching a lot of stupid monkeys to dress up like Europeans. Won’t do any good. Just cause a lot of discontent. They can never be like us, so better for them not to try.' Another (Kenyan) settler in the 'Dark Continent' had this: 'I’ve actually got a farm hand who wears a tie – but the stupid bastard doesn’t realize you don’t wear a tie without a shirt!' The implication is obvious. It is a sweeping indictment against all 'native Africans' as a bunch of idiots. Yet another one, Sir Godfrey Huggins, Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia, acclaimed as a British liberal, shot point-blank at a press conference in London: 'It is time for the people in England to realize that the white man in Africa is not prepared and never will be prepared to accept the African as an equal, either socially or politically. Is there something in their chromosomes which makes them more backward and different from peoples living in the East and West?'" - (Godfrey Mwakikagile, ibid., pp. 9 – 10, 69; Colin M. Turnbull, The Lonely African, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1962, pp. 89, 21, 90, 97). Godfrey Mwakikagile also stated that the total disregard for the rights and well-being of Africans was earlier demonstrated by the arrogance of the imperial powers at the Berlin Conference in 1885 which led to the partition of Africa. He went on to state that Africans were not even represented at the conference, yet it was their fate that was being determined by Europeans who decided to partition the continent among themselves as if Africans did not even exist. He also stated that this kind of arrogance and contempt for Africans was expressed in its crudest form in many ways including inflicting humiliating punishment on full-grown black men. They were subjected to corporal punishment at the hands of the white settlers who were young enough to be their sons. And shooting blacks was equated with shooting wild animals, as some white settlers in Kenya conceded, including those who had moved there from apartheid South Africa. Arbitrary seizure of land, depriving Africans of their only means of livelihood, was simply seen as a white man's right exercised at will in what had become a white man's possession. In his book Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era, Godfrey Mwakikagile has given one example of this kind of imperial arrogance demonstrated by what happened to Tom Mboya who, together with Oginga Odinga, was one of the leaders of the Kenyan delegation to the constitutional talks in London in 1960 on Kenyan independence. Mboya stated in his book Freedom and After that when he was walking on a street in London, one old English lady stopped him and asked him: "Which one of our possessions do you come from?" The British settlers in East Africa even wanted to establish a giant federation of Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika, Nyasaland, Northern Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia and turn it into a white dominion. Kenya was even declared a "white man's country." Blacks were nothing. It was a sentiment shared by many white settlers. Ewart Grogan, the most outspoken leader of the white settlers in Kenya, was known for such imperial arrogance, as Godfrey Mwakikagile stated in his book Africa and The West: "A man with a flair for controversy and an outspoken racist, Grogan described himself as 'the baddest and boldest of a bold bad gang.' He also gained notoriety for publicly flogging Africans in Nairobi. The settlers from South Africa also came 'with the racial prejudices of that country. Frederick Jackson, Sir Charles Eliot's Deputy Commissioner, told the Foreign Office that the Protectorate was becoming a country of 'nigger-' and game-shooters'... Colonel Ewart Grogan, a leader of the white settlers, bluntly stated: 'We Europeans have to go on ruling this country and rule it with iron discipline...If the whole of the Kikuyu land unit is reverted to the Crown, then every Kikuyu would know that our little queen was a great Bwana.' - (G. Mwakikagile, ibid., pp. 97, 113; E. S. Grogan, in the East African Standard, Nairobi, Kenya, 12 November 1910; Elspeth Huxley, White Man’s Country, Vol. I, London and New York: Macmillan, 1935, pp. 222 – 223, 261 - 262; George Padmore, Pan-Africanism or Communism?: The Coming Struggle for Africa, London: Denis Dobson, 1956, pp. 255, 256). The humanity of Africans, and their lives, meant absolutely nothing to many whites, demonstrated by the injustices and indignities black people suffered under colonial rule. African children, even if not the primary target, sometimes witnessed their parents and other adults being humiliated by their colonial masters. It happened in Kenya, and in Tanganyika, Mwakikagile's home country, even when the countries were approaching independence; the fifties being one of the most critical periods in the history of colonial rule in Africa. School children who grew up in the fifties were among the victims in terms racial inequalities. The problem was compounded by inequities in the provision of funds and facilities for education. Meagre resources were allocated to education for African children in sharp contrast with the amount spent on schools for European and Asian children. The school Godfrey Mwakikagile attended was no exception. It was also the dawn of a new era in the history of Tanganyika. He stated in his autobiographical works that the fifties which was a decade that preceded independence was a transitional period which symbolised the identity and partly shaped the thinking of those who grew up in those years as a product of both eras, colonial and post-colonial. They also served as a bridge between the two. Godfrey Mwakikagile also stated in his works, Life in Tanganyika in The Fifties and Life under British Colonial Rule among others, that it was in the same year he was bitten by the white couple's dog on his way to school that Princess Margaret visited Mbeya and Sao Hill in his home region, the Southern Highlands Province, as well as other parts of the country, in October 1956; a visit that symbolised British imperial rule over Tanganyika but also at a time when the nationalist movement was gaining momentum in the struggle for independence. The party that led the country to independence, Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), had been formed just two years before, in July 1954, and within months succeeded in mobilising massive support across the country in its quest to end colonial rule. Independence was inevitable. A few months after Princess Margaret visited Tanganyika, the Gold Coast became the first black African country to emerge from colonial rule as the new nation of Ghana in March 1957, blazing the trail for the African independence movement; while Tanganyika blazed the trail in East Africa four years later. Godfrey Mwakikagile has written about incidents of racial injustice and other subjects to show how life was in colonial Tanganyika in the fifties from the perspective of colonial subjects who hardly had any rights in their own country ruled and dominated by whites. Africans were lowest in the racial hierarchy, with Asians and Arabs ranked next to whites. But in spite of his passionate defence of Africa, past and present, Mwakikagile is highly critical of some Afrocentric scholars who propagate myths about Africa's past and even reinvent the past just to glorify the continent, claiming spectacular achievements in the precolonial era in some areas where there were hardly any or none; for example, in advanced science, technology, and medicine. They also inflate achievements in some areas. He contends that "true scholarship requires rigorous intellectual discipline and entails objective enquiry and analysis of facts and evidence including admitting failures and shortcomings." Otherwise you lose credibility, he contends. It is a position he forcefully articulates in Africa and The West and Africa is in A Mess: What Went Wrong and What Should be Done, among other works. It is a position that led one renowned Afrocentric Ghanaian political analyst and columnist Francis Kwarteng to describe Godfrey Mwakikagile as a "Eurocentric Africanist" in his article "End of the Dilemma: The Tower of Babel," on GhanaWeb, 28 September 2013, in which he discussed the role and the question of race, religion, and ethnicity in Ghana's politics and, by extension, in a Pan-African context including the African diaspora; which is a wrong characterisation of Mwakikagile since all his works are written from a purely African, not a Eurocentric, perspective. In his article, Francis Kwarteng also cited one of Godfrey Mwakikagile's books, Ethnic Politics in Kenya and Nigeria, in his analysis of the role of ethnicity in national politics in Africa: "Wole Soyinka...rightly admits in Of Africa that if America, a racist country at that, can elect a person of African ancestry, a black man of Luo ethnicity, president, then, he sees no reason Kenya shouldn't learn from that—that precedent....Soyinka believes Kenya's democratic process must allow enough political space for the accommodation of ethnic diversification, so that qualified minorities can also partake in leadership positions, principally the presidency....But Soyinka's Nigeria has its own fair share of problems, a cornucopia of them. A truism flies across Nigeria's social and political landscape that Hausas are born natural rulers....Yet Nigeria has about 250 ethnic groups. So, what defines the criteria for Nigeria's multiethnic exclusivism from the presidential pie?....This is not unique to Nigeria, however. The same thing happened in Ghana and Uganda, producing the likes of Idi Amin. This phenomenon is captured in the Eurocentric Africanist Godfrey Mwakikagile's Ethnic Politics in Kenya and Nigeria." In another article on GhanaWeb, 15 October 2013, Francis Kwarteng also stated: "We all know how Western material culture and unholy spiritualism are destroying Africa. Corruption in Africa is proliferating like cancerous cells in the body politic. Corrupt African politicians collaborate with Western banking officials to secrete the people's money in Western banks, monies, which, however you look at it, either fortunately for the West or unfortunately for Africa, are reinvested in Western national economies. So, in the long run Africa becomes positively poorer and the West negatively wealthier. Analytically, this runs counter to the central thesis of Rodney's How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. In fact, it's what the Eurocentric Africanist Godfrey Mwakikagile calls 'Africa in a Mess.' This inverse relationship of economic bilateralism is unhealthy and must be critically addressed by Africa." It is a case of Africans themselves, especially the leaders, contributing to the underdevelopment of Africa. Bad leadership including corruption in African countries is one of the subjects Mwakikagile has addressed extensively in his books, especially in Africa is in A Mess: What Went Wrong and What Should be Done, The Modern African State: Quest for Transformation, Africa After Independence: Realities of Nationhood, Africa at the End of the Twentieth Century: What Lies Ahead, Statecraft and Nation Building in Africa: A Post-colonial Study, Africa in Transition: Witness to Change, and Post-colonial Africa: A General Survey. He contends that bad leadership is the biggest problem most African countries have faced since independence, and everything else revolves around it. Africans of all ideological stripes agree corruption is one of the biggest problems African countries face. It is even acknowledged by some leaders. And a number of African scholars including Godfrey Mwakikagile have addressed the problem, proposing solutions to a seemingly intractable problem. As Francis Kwarteng stated in "A Political Coin of Three Sides: What Do We Actually Want?", GhanaWeb, 8 November 2013: "Today's leadership has failed to show moral and social leadership in the face of mounting national crisis. Indeed corruption threatens the very future of the youth....President Mahama's book My First Coup D'état must be read in tandem with Wole Soyinka's The Open Sore of a Continent, Ali Mazrui's The African Condition: A Political Diagnosis, Molefi Kete Asante's Rooming in the Master's House, and Godfrey Mwakikagile's Africa is in A Mess: What Went Wrong and What Should Be Done and Africa After Independence: Realities of Nationhood. In fact, these bibliographies must be included in every secondary school curriculum as well as the curricula of teacher training institutions across the country. We may then use them as bibliographical platforms to ask students to come up with comprehensive solutions to our myriad national problems." As he stated in another article, "Africa Must Practice Its Own Democracy: A Moral Necessity," GhanaWeb, 17 October 2013: "We were not the first to raise this question; others had before us! Celebrated prescient leaders like Kwame Nkrumah made this philosophical mantra part of their political platform, so were others ― Patrice Lumumba, Amilcar Cabral, etc. Literacy scholars like Chinua Achebe, and Ngugi wa Thiong'o; international economists like Dambisa Moyo and Yaw Nyarko; political scientists like Ali Mazrui, Godfrey Mwakikagile, and Mahmood Mamdani; legal experts like Shadrack Gutto and Randall Robinson; world-renowned anthropologists and linguists like Cheikh Anta Diop and Théophile Obenga; and Afrocentrists like Molefi Kete Asante, Chinweizu, Maulana Karenga, and Ama Mazama had made similar arguments in the past few decades―via their prolific scholarship, organizations, and political activism." One of the problems Africa faces in nation building is how to achieve unity in diversity in countries composed of different ethnic groups and threatened by ethno-regional loyalties and rivalries. It is one of the subjects Godfrey Mwakikagile has addressed in his books. Mwakikagile has written extensively about ethnicity and politics in Africa in the post-colonial era and how the two phenomena are inextricably linked in the African political context. He has used case studies in different analyses of the subject in different parts of the continent. One of his works, Ethnicity and National Identity in Uganda, has been described by Tierney Tully as "a great book, but very dense." Mwakikagile's other books on the subject include Identity Politics and Ethnic Conflicts in Rwanda and Burundi: A Comparative Study; Burundi: The Hutu and The Tutsi: Cauldron of Conflict and Quest for Dynamic Compromise; Civil Wars in Rwanda and Burundi: Conflict Resolution in Africa; Ethnic Diversity and Integration in The Gambia; The People of Ghana: Ethnic Diversity and National Unity, and Belize and Its Identity: A Multicultural Perspective, re-published as British Honduras to Belize: Transformation of a Nation, a scholarly work on the Central American nation founded by the British colonial rulers and African slaves as British Honduras and which, culturally and historically, is considered to be an integral part of the Afro-Caribbean region, hence of the African diaspora. Although written by an African, the book is an important part of Afro-Caribbean literature. One American journalist who interviewed Godfrey Mwakikagile described him as an independent scholar who was also a widely read and highly regarded author. Mwakikagile responded by saying that he was just an ordinary African, like tens of millions of others, deeply concerned about the plight of his continent. In his book African Political Thought (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012), Professor Guy Martin has described Godfrey Mwakikagile as one of Africa's leading populist scholars and thinkers who refuse to operate and function within the limits and confines of Western ideologies – or any other external parameters – and who exhort fellow Africans to find solutions to African problems within Africa itself and fight the syndrome of dependency in all areas and create a "new African." Professor Martin examines the political thought of leading African political thinkers throughout history dating back to ancient times (Kush/Nubia, sixth century BCE) and systematically introduces the reader to the ideas of specific theorists and their biographies. The thinkers and theorists he has examined include Julius Nyerere, Amílcar Cabral, Kwame Nkrumah, Cheikh Anta Diop, Steve Biko, Claude Ake, and Godfrey Mwakikagile. Professor Edmond J. Keller, chairman of the political science department, director of the UCLA Globalization Research Center-Africa and former director of the James S. Coleman African Studies Center at the University of California-Los Angeles, described Godfrey Mwakikagile as a "public intellectual" and an "academic theorist" in his review of Professor Guy Martin's book, African Political Thought. The review was published in one of the leading academic journals on African research and studies, Africa Today, Volume 60, Number 2, Winter 2013, Indiana University Press. Professor Ryan Ronnenberg who wrote an article about Godfrey Mwakikagile as a prominent African scholar and writer in the Dictionary of African Biography, Volume 6 (Oxford University Press, 2011) covering the lives and legacies of notable African men and women since ancient times, edited by Harvard University professors, Emmanuel K. Akyeampong and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., stated that Mwakikagile has written major works of scholarship which have had a great impact in the area of African studies and continue to do so. He went on to state that Mwakikagile embraced Tanzania's independence, and the independence of the African continent as a whole, with fierce pride. 'I was too young to play a role in the independence movement, but old enough to know what Mau Mau in neighbouring Kenya was all about, and who our leaders were: from Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana to Julius Nyerere in Tanganyika; from Nnamdi Azikiwe in Nigeria to Jomo Kenyatta in Kenya and Patrice Lumumba in Belgian Congo' (Africa and the West, 2000). His experience also inspired his thinking regarding Africa and its relationship to the Western world, which led to several academic works dedicated to the subject. Professor Ronnenberg further stated that Mwakikagile's early works focused on pressing issues in African studies, particularly the theory and realisation of development in Africa. Economic Development in Africa (1999) uses the rich case study of Tanzania's transition from socialism to free-market capitalism as a foundation for broader conclusions concerning the continent's development failures. Professor Ronnenberg also stated that Mwakikagile writes about Africa as a whole in such a way as to suggest that he possesses not only a keen understanding of the way things are, but also a deep understanding of the way they should be. The acerbically titled Africa Is in a Mess: What Went Wrong and What Should Be Done reflects on the decades since independence with pragmatism and regret, observing the loss of both leadership and ingenuity as the continent's intellectual elite settle abroad, while suggesting how this process might be reversed. In fact, as the years have passed, and as those early optimistic moments after independence have slipped away, Mwakikagile has taken it upon himself to write about why Africa has fallen short of its vision. Professor Ronnenberg went on to state that Mwakikagile has translated his experience as a youth in colonial East Africa and his adulthood in postcolonial Tanzania into provocative scholarship concerning topics vitally important to African studies. Mwakikagile's books are used in various academic disciplines up to the post-graduate level including doctoral studies. He has also been invited to give lectures at different colleges and universities. And as a public intellectual, he has also been sought for interviews by BBC, PBS and Voice of America (VOA), among other media outlets. Although he has been exposed to Western cultures, was educated in the Western intellectual tradition and lived in the United States for many years, Mwakikagile's perspectives and philosophical conceptions have undoubtedly been shaped by his African upbringing and are deeply rooted in African cultures and traditions. And he rejects the notion that Africa was a blank slate until Europeans came to write on it. He argues that the history about Africa written by Eu
7734	dbpedia	2	71	https://kathmandupost.com/miscellaneous/2018/08/25/the-elder-statesman	en	The elder statesman	https://assets-cdn.kathm…y_1535160364.jpg	https://assets-cdn.kathm…y_1535160364.jpg	[ "https://jcss-cdn.kathmandupost.com/assets/images/logo-sticky-bar-tkp-weekender-1.png", "https://jcss-cdn.kathmandupost.com/assets/images/logos/thekathmandupost-logo-white.png", "https://jcss-cdn.kathmandupost.com/assets/images/logos/thekathmandupost-logo.png", "https://jcss-cdn.kathmandupost.com/assets/images/tkp-logo-weekender.png", "https://openweathermap.org/img/w/04d.png", "https://openweathermap.org/img/w/04d.png", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2018/others/nahman-lhrars-portait-of-kofi-annan-copy_1535160364.jpg&w=900&height=601", "https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/author/z/default-user-image.png", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2024/third-party/Screenshot%202024-07-20%20at%2007.24.15.png&w=200&height=120", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2019/default/tkp-no-image-bnw.jpg&w=200&height=120", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2022/news/womeninSTEM-1662869348.jpg&w=200&height=120", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2022/news/highschool-1662869163.jpg&w=200&height=120", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2022/news/nursing-1662868686.jpg&w=200&height=120", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2022/third-party/HultPrizeatSaraswatiMultipleCampusConcludedwithGrandSuccess-1647493160.jpg&w=200&height=120", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2024/third-party/drone-1722817932.jpg&w=300&height=200", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2024/news/congress-1722905189.jpg&w=300&height=200", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2024/interviews/interview-1722819242.jpg&w=300&height=200", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2024/news/kumari-1722472781.jpg&w=300&height=200", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2024/third-party/thumb1-1722386346.jpg&w=300&height=200", "https://jcss-cdn.kathmandupost.com/assets/images/icon-devices.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2018-08-25T00:00:00	Kofi Annan, in one of his interviews, had said that he wanted to join Ghanaian politics, “retire at the age of 60 on a farm, and die in my bed at 80.” Annan managed only the latter part of that desire, dying at the age of 80 on August 18, 2018.	en	https://jcss-cdn.kathmandupost.com/assets/images/device-icon/ficon.ico		https://kathmandupost.com/miscellaneous/2018/08/25/the-elder-statesman	Kofi Annan, in one of his interviews, had said that he wanted to join Ghanaian politics, “retire at the age of 60 on a farm, and die in my bed at 80.” Annan managed only the latter part of that desire, dying at the age of 80 on August 18, 2018. Annan never joined Ghanaian politics, even though he could easily have been elected president before or after the completion of his term as Secretary General of the United Nations. He did not die on his farm either; rather, it was in a hospital bed in Switzerland’s capital city of Bern. And, he did not retire at the age of 60; instead, he remained active until the end of his life. The last leg of his journey was in Zimbabwe, most likely one that involved a silent diplomatic mission to resolve a brewing crisis in aftermath of its recent election. Much has already been said and written about Annan and his contributions to global peace and prosperity. Here, I would like to confine myself to personal encounters, direct and indirect, to pay homage to one of the most well-respected and globally-admired statesmen of our time. Kofi Annan had left the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) long before I joined the organisation in 1989. He had already established himself as one of the most prominent senior staff members at the United Nations headquarters in New York. At that time, my eldest daughter Bandita was about to join Macalester College in Saint Paul, Minnesota and when the UNHCR director of human resources heard this, he remarked casually, “There’s where my friend Kofi graduated from.” On the first day of college, Annan, honoured as the ‘Man of the Year 1994’ was there to welcome the new students. He was then Under Secretary General and head of the UN Peacekeeping Force. Four years later, during Bandita’s graduation, Kofi Annan, by then UN Secretary General delivered the keynote address to the graduating students of 1998. My second daughter too went on to share the same alma mater with Annan. Annan reportedly maintained the same close relationship with Mfantsipim School and Kumasi College in Ghana, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, and the Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Massachusetts. Admittedly, the education he received at these institutions must have contributed to his ability to reach the top of the UN and remain at the helm of international diplomacy. But his devotion to give back to these institutions, in a very personal manner, is equally noteworthy. Annan visited UNHCR headquarters in Geneva twice while I was still working there. In 1999, I had the opportunity to listen to him as a guest speaker at the Lester B Pearson International Peacekeeping Training Center. He is one of the few speakers I have heard, who, while delivering a speech or during his personal conversation, chooses each and every word with care, and delivers it with the utmost sincerity and eloquence. While at UNHCR, I came across a few senior colleagues, including those from Ghana, who were recruited by and worked under Kofi Annan. Some of them preferred to call him their friend. However, to my knowledge, he selected only four of his colleagues from UNHCR to join him in New York. Among them was Nane Lagergren, who he married in 1984 and remained lifelong partners with. The other three were Sergio Vieira de Mello, Mark Malloch Brown and Sashi Tharoor. Sergio Vieira de Mello died in August 19, 2003 when a suicide bomber drove a truck loaded with explosives inside the UN headquarters in Baghdad. De Mello was then Special Representative of the Secretary General, and in all likelihood, would have been the second UN staff member to be appointed as Secretary General after Kofi Annan. Shashi Tharoor was defeated by Ban Ki-moon by a narrow margin to succeed Kofi Annan. After resigning from the UN, Tharoor went on to join the Indian Congress and was elected Member of Parliament. Soon after, he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs and continues to be a member of the Indian Parliament. Mark Malloch Brown, a British citizen, was appointed by Kofi Annan as Deputy Secretary General. After leaving the UN, Brown became the Minister of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Such were Annan’s leadership skills—to not only exalt himself, but to lift others who can leave their own marks behind. Many Nepalis, particularly those working for the UN during different time periods, knew Kofi Annan. However, Bhojraj Pokharel, former Chief Election Commissioner, was handpicked by Annan to serve as a member of the Electoral Integrity core team of the Kofi Annan Foundation. Established in 2007, the Kofi Annan Foundation is an independent, not-for-profit organisation that works “to promote better global governance and strengthen the capacities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more peaceful world.” Top world leaders are on its governing bodies. It’s a matter of pride and honour for us Nepalis that one of our fellow citizens is one of its members. When I got the news about Kofi Annan’s demise, I immediately called up Bhojraj ji, who had received the news from the Kofi Annan Foundation long before I heard from the BBC. According to Bhojraj, Annan possessed an unpretentious personality blended with a combination of self-assurance, self-control, and simplicity. He was a man with global trust and credibility—virtues that enabled him to work with all types of Heads of State and world leaders, and also command their respect. Annan was concerned with democracy, peace and prosperity and strongly believed in the integrity of the electoral process. Bhojraj is a bit concerned about the future of the Kofi Annan Foundation, having lost its central force. He believes that Annan’s shoes are too big for anyone to fill in the field of global peace and electoral democracy. It is no secret that Annan advocated for a strong UN system to help eliminate poverty, reduce income disparities and make and maintain peace. “We are not only all responsible for each other’s security, we are also in some measure, responsible for each other’s welfare,” he once said. “Global solidarity is both necessary and possible. It is necessary because without a measure of solidarity no society can be truly stable, and no one’s prosperity is truly secure”. With the demise of Kofi Annan, this world has lost a statesman who advocated for freedom from poverty, inequality, oppression and injustice.
7734	dbpedia	0	68	https://urhobodigitallibrarymuseum.com/omafume-onoge-africas-revolutionary-marxist/	en	Omafume Onoge: Africa’s Revolutionary Marxist	https://urhobodigitallib…10/image-105.png	https://urhobodigitallib…10/image-105.png	[ "https://urhobodigitallibrarymuseum.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/cropped-uhs-logo.jpg", "https://urhobodigitallibrarymuseum.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/image-105.png?w=671", "https://urhobodigitallibrarymuseum.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/image-106.png?w=622", "https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png", "https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png", "https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2020-10-20T10:52:31+00:00	Urhobo Historical Society Omafume Onoge: Africa’s Revolutionary Marxist By G. G. Darah and Sunny Awhefeada Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria Omafume Onoge Professor Omafume Friday Onoge, Africa’s most distinguished Marxist social anthropologist, passed away into eternity on Sunday July 12, 2009, due to prolonged illness. He would have been 71 next October. Professor Onoge…	en	https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico	Digital Library and Museum of Urhobo History and Culture	https://urhobodigitallibrarymuseum.com/omafume-onoge-africas-revolutionary-marxist/	By G. G. Darah and Sunny Awhefeada Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria Professor Omafume Friday Onoge, Africa’s most distinguished Marxist social anthropologist, passed away into eternity on Sunday July 12, 2009, due to prolonged illness. He would have been 71 next October. Professor Onoge was an academic and cultural colossus and activist who applied revolutionary methods to advance the cause of democratic change in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria, and the African continent. With his death, a dark penumbra of human capital wastage now overhangs the world’s horizon of radical scholarship and political activism. As a multi-talented researcher, teacher and inspirational speaker, Onoge’s intellectual radar covered all fields of academic intervention and struggles for change and justice. We are not competent to evaluate the quality of Onoge’s contributions to the diverse and dynamic vineyard of thought and political action. We shall focus this tribute on his theoretical discourses and radical activism in the domains of the social sciences, culture, and literature. Born on October 20 1938, Onoge attended primary and secondary schools in his native Effurun before proceeding to the United States of America in 1961 for University education. In America, he attended Macalester College, Minnesota, the same alma mater of Ghana’s Kofi Annan, the former United Nation’s Secretary General. Onoge’s prodigious potentials were first demonstrated at Macalester when he completed the four-year programme in two years and making a First Class on graduation. He was the second student in the history of Macalester College to win the Dan Forth Fellowship for post-graduate studies, 1963-1967. A Federal Government of Nigeria scholarship award took him to the prestigious Harvard University in Boston, Massachusetts, the birthplace of the legendary Kennedy family. Onoge returned in 1970 garlanded with a Harvard M. A. and Ph. D degrees in Social Anthropology. He started lecturing at the University of Ibadan where he applied his arsenal of Marxism and Afrocentric ideology to introduce revolutionary pedagogy in the Social Sciences and literary criticism. Onoge also taught at Harvard University and the Universities of Dares Salaam, Tanzania, (1976-1977) and Jos form 1982-2002 where he served as Head of Department of Sociology, the Dean of the Post-graduate School, Member of the University Council, and University Orator. His passion for education for liberation was evident during the three years of the work of the Darah-led project committee for the establishment of the private Western Delta University, Oghara. Onoge had been course mate of Professor Nurideen Adedipe at the School of Agriculture, Ibadan, who was then the chairman of the Standing Committee on Private Universities of the National Universities Commission (NUC). This association was vital in the quality of interaction with the NUC. With the Uvwie monarch, His Royal Majesty, Abe I, Onoge was a motivating influence in the consolidation of the Federal University of Petroleum Resources set up in 2007 to partially redress decades of past neglect suffered by the oil producing states in the location of tertiary institutions. Professor Onoge also occupied the exalted post of Executive Director of the Port Harcourt-based Centre for Advanced Social Science set up by the late Professor of political economy, Claude Ake. When Onoge retired to his natal community of Ugborikoko in Effurun, Delta State, he committed his learning and diverse experience to the promotion of the politics of cultural renewal and emancipation of the Urhobo people and the Niger Delta Region. He was the intellectual power house in the 78-year-old Urhobo Progress Union (UPU) and the Uvwie Kingdom of his birth. He was unequivocally committed to the executives of Chief Benjamin Okumagba and his successor, Senator Felix Ibru, the former Governor of Delta State (1991-1993). As a member of the UPU think tank Onoge brought rigour and panache to deliberations and this was evident in tenor and focus of communiqués of meetings which bore the solid stamp of proletarian and ideological sophistication. Onoge was on the delegation of Delta State to the Nigerian National Political Reforms Conference in Abuja (2005) and served on the Ledum Mitee-led Technical Committee on the Niger Delta in 2008. Onoge’s numerous writings, essays, and public lectures articulated the imperative necessity for revolutionary change and democratic reconstruction of post-colonial African societies. His theories and praxis were grounded on the special colonial and neocolonial predicament of Africa and the African Diaspora resulting from centuries of European capitalist and imperialist violence and plunder. Onoge’s thoughts and actions leaned on the experiences and theoretical works of veteran scholars and humanists who had combated imperialist situations in other climes of the world. He was a compendium of knowledge on radical thinkers and liberators in Africa, the Americas, the Caribbean region, Europe, and Asia. He would quote effortlessly the views of international revolutionaries such as Karl Marx, Frederich Engels of Germany/England, Leon Trotsky and Vladimir Lenin of Russia, Mao Tse-tung of China, and Ho Chi Minh of Vietnam. Onoge had a thorough grasp of the writings and careers of African American and Third World thinkers and political angels of change such as Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Malcom X, Claude McKay, and Martin Luther King, and Angela Davis of the United States. In the Caribbean and South America, Onoge was a first-rate authority on radical icons such as Marcus Garvey of Jamaica Toussaint L’Overture of Haiti, and George Padmore, C. L. R. James, and John La Rose of Trinidad and Tobago, George Lamming of Barbados, Walter Rodney of Guyana, Fidel Castro and Ernesto Che Guevara of Cuba, and Aime Cesaire and Frantz Fanon of Martinique. In the African “homeland” Professor Onoge was the best interpreter of the thoughts of Edward Blyden of Liberia, Africanus Horton of Sierra Leone, Casely Hayford and Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, Sekou Toure of Guinea-Conakry, and Amilcar Cabral of Guinea-Bissau/Cape Verde. He was at home with the works and politics of Felix Moume of Cameroon, Agostihno Neto of Angola, Julius Nyerere of Tanzania, Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya, Eduardo Mondlane and Samora Machel of Mozambique, and Albert Luthuli, Oliver Thambo, Giovani Mbeki, and Nelson Mandela of South Africa. However, being a Marxist dialectician, Onoge expanded the frontiers and possibilities of received ideas and domesticated them for the Nigerian and African milieu. In the true tradition of Marxism, Onoge creatively combined theory with practice by always seeking innovative ways to communicate the reality of the African world in the complex and rapidly changing global environment. In this universal tradition of revolutionary scholarship and politics, Onoge’s profundity of thought, theoretical sophistication and erudition of expression put him in the same pantheon as the distinguished Senegalese Egyptologist, Cheikh Anta Diop, Samir Amin of Egypt, Mohammed Babu, Dan Nabudere and Grant Kamenju of Tanzania. Omafume Onoge also belongs to the class of venerated anti-imperialist thinkers such as Patrice Lumumba of Congo, Paul Baran of India, Andre Gunder Frank of Argentina, Archie Mafeje, Bernard Magubane, and Ruth First of South Africa, George Novack of the United States, Ernest Mandel of Belgium, and Basil Davidson of the United Kingdom. In Nigeria, Onoge’s kindred spirits in the Nigerian academia include indomitable intellectuals such as Comrade Ola Oni, Eskor Toyo, Essien Udom, Chike Obi, Mokwugo Okoye, Eme Awa, Mayirue Kolagbodi, Claude Ake, Nkenna Nzimiro, Chimere Ikoku, Okwudiba Nnoli, Segun Osoba, Bade Onimode, Peter Palmer Ekeh, Bala Usman, Baba Oluwide, Edwin Madunagu and Patrick Wilmot (Jamaican). We are aware that Onoge’s Urhobo compatriots, Ekeh and Onigu Otitie would not insist on being classed among Leftist scholars, yet they shared the luminous limelight of being the most prolific intellectuals on Urhobo culture and politics. Although they were not in university settings, the top cadres of the Zikist Movement like M. C. K. Ajuluchukwu, Abubakar Zukogi, and Raji Abdallah were of the same ideological cast with Onoge’s academic colleagues. Within the Urhobo universe of activist scholars and nationalists Onoge’s stature is comparable to that of Mukoro Mowoe, St. Gideon Urhobo who founded the Gods Kingdom Society church in 1934, and Chief T. E. A. Salubi, a front liner of the National Council of Nigerian Citizens (NCNC), President-General of UPU (1961-1982), Minister of Education in Western Region (1962-1963) and prolific writer and historian. In the Nigerian star-studded pantheon of radical nationalist we must mention Uche Chukwumerije who, from his days as ideologist and propagandist in the rebel Republic of Biafra, has managed to advertise his badge of “Comrade” as Secretary (Minister) of Information during General Sani Abacha’s regime (1993-1998) and a three-tenure Senator of the Federal Republic since 1999. Perhaps it is helpful to recognize a sub-group of literary scholars, critics and cultural analysts where Onoge stood out in dazzling stellar colours. This Nigerian literarti include Chinua Achebe, J.P. Clark, Wole Soyinka, Emmanuel Obiechina, Sa’adu Zungur, Abiola Irele, Dan Izevbaye, Sam Assein, Steve Ogude, Theo Vincent, Biodun Jeyifo, Ropo Sekoni, Chinweizu, Ime Ikkideh, Femi Osofisan, Kole Omotoso, and Ken Saro-Wiwa. Others in this pantheon are Tanure Ojaide, Olu Obafemi, Odia Ofeimun, Niyi Osundare, Festus Iyayi, Bode Sowande, Tunde Fatunde, Emevwo Biakolo, Tess Onwueme, and Ben Okri. However, Adeboye Babalola, Oyin Ogunba, Isidore Okpewho, Donatus Nwoga and, Dandatti Abdulkadir occupy a niche of theirs on the basis of their pioneering contribution to oral literature and folklore scholarship. The continental spread of these Afrocentric creators and interpreters of artistic culture covers names such as Alex La Guma, Bessie Head, and Nadine Gordimer of South Africa, Ngugi wa Thiong’o and Micere Mugo of Kenya, Ama Ata Aidoo of Ghana, Nawal El Shadawi of Egypt, Mariama Ba, and Ousmane Sembene of Senegal, Ferdinand Oyono and Mongo Beti of Cameroon, and Nurudeen Farah of Somalia. The veterans in African oral literature and folklore studies include B.W. Vilakazi, Thomas Mofolo, Sol Platje, and Daniel Kunene of South Africa, John Mbiti of Kenya, Okot p’Bitek of Uganda, Frances Bebey of Cote d’Ivoire, J.H.K Nketia and Kofi Awoonor of Ghana, David Diop and Alioune Diop of Senegal, Ahmadu Hampate Ba of Mali, and Alain Ricard of France. Coming from a family with a solid heritage of peasant humanism in his natal community of Ugborikoko, Onoge’s early professional training after graduating from Urhobo College Effurun in 1957 was as an agronomist, first at the oil palm plantation ,Effurun, then at the Moor Plantation School of Agriculture, Ibadan, where he was nick-named “Heavy Bella Faraday: the Local Elvis Presley” for his skills in playing the guitar. It can be said that his scholarly and political career was shaped for greatness at Ibadan. This was at the dawn of independence for Nigeria in the late 1950s as she was just emerging from the dark decades of British colonial rule. The University College Ibadan was aflame with radical nationalist and Pan Africanist ideas. Onoge would ride a bicycle from Moor Plantation some 15 km away to watch Soyinka’s plays at the Arts Theatre at the campus. At Urhobo College, he took part in drama events held at the King George IV Hall in Warri. Onoge was an avid listener to BBC drama programmes which made him knowledgeable in all the new writings of Africa in that decade of “the wind of change” as the former British Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, was to describe that momentous phase of African history. Unknown by many, Onoge was also a produce buyer of a commodity firm in Uromi in Edo State where his zeal for university education was fired by a kind manager who was always urged him to read hard and seek admission to a tertiary institution. It was at Moor Plantation in Ibadan that Onoge applied for one of the American Scholarship Schemes which he won purely on merit. As he used to tell us, the day the telegram conveying the message of the scholarship award came, he wept for joy because it signified the crossing of a mighty hurdle regarding the cost of higher education for someone from a poor family background. As we have said, Onoge’s socialist credentials were nurtured in the pre-capitalist social ecology of rural Urhobo and his university education in America in the 1960s decade of the Civil Rights Movement honed and sharpened his humanistic instincts in favour of an egalitarian and anti-capitalist society. For his generation of thinkers, socialism and Marxism came as an irresistible alternative. As Professor Onigu Otite, his colleague and fellow Urhobo scholar would recall, Onoge took a daring gamble by doing his doctorate research on the Christian charismatic-communist Aiyetoro Community established in the 1940s in the Ilaje, coastal area of the former Western Nigeria. Otite adds that in the 1960s, authorities in the social sciences did not think the pro-equity experiment at Aiyetoro merited scholarly attention. Onoge’s adventurous and utopian spirit is exemplified in the title of his Ph. D dissertation, namely, “Aiyetoro, the Successful Utopia: A Sociological Study of the Holy Apostles Community in Nigeria”. Whilst in the US Onoge was involved in a series of militant and radical social organizations including those that campaigned against the US war in Vietnam. He shared platforms with African Americans such as Stokeley Carmichael, Eldred Cleaver, George Jackson, and the South African musical maestro, Mariam Makeba. Onoge was also in the vanguard of the Federal side during the 1967-1970 Nigeria-Biafra war, and the patriotic urge to be part of the programme of national reconstruction made him to return to Nigeria in 1969 immediately he submitted his Ph.D. project. We can say that with his arrival in the Faculty of the Social Sciences in Ibadan, Social Science discourse and indeed the University of Ibadan never remained the same again. In 1970, the University of Ibadan was the leading light in intellectual work in West Africa, and the atmosphere of optimism and nationalism that grew from Nigerian victory over secession helped the ventilation of radical and anti-imperialist viewpoints. The milieu was also receptive to ideas of Socialism and Marxism, especially because the leading capitalist nations of the world, namely, USA, Britain and France abandoned Nigeria during the civil war. Surprisingly, it was the communist Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and its African ally, Egypt that offered Nigeria the military hardware and technical assistance to prosecute the war. Before this historic intervention of the USSR, socialist ideas and works were banned from circulation in Nigeria. Any vector of socialist and Marxist views was hounded, arrested, detained or deported if a foreigner. The likes of Michael Imoudu, Mayirue Kolagbodi, Eskor Toyo (alias the Lenin of Africa), Ola Oni and Baba Oluwide were the first academics to dare the conservative, neocolonial Nigerian government on this turf. But when the Soviet Union saved Nigeria from disintegration, the atmosphere became a little more hospitable for communist averters. This was the political and academic climate in which Onoge’s radicalism, nationalism, and Marxist ebullition manifested and flourished. By the time Onoge arrived as Faculty member at Ibadan there were already seasoned scholars like Essien Udom and Billy Dudley both in Political Science, Ayo Ogunsheye, Ojetunji Aboyade and Comrade Ola Oni in Economics. Ola Oni’s forte was in Marxist political economy, having been trained at the London School of Economics (LSE). For some years he was almost a lone ranger as a Marxist thinker and a socialist activist. The entry of Onoge and Bade Onimode in this setting transformed the Faculty into what can be described as the intellectual secretariat of the social sciences in Nigeria, nay West Africa. There were also Busari Adebisi and Peter Ekeh both political scientists, and Akin Ojo, a nuclear physicist. By the mid 1970s, Omolara Ogundipe-Leslie and Biodun Jeyifo in English extended the frontiers of Marxist scholarship and pedagogy. Laoye Sanda who studied under Onoge became the linchpin at the Ibadan Polytechnic. It was the patriotic and fearless commitment of these intellectual giants that repositioned Ibadan as a centre of radical thought and revolutionary visioning. The path of a radical and militant scholar-activist had been blazed by Onoge’s predecessors in the Nigerian Marxist family. Dr. Mayirue Kolagbodi of Ughoton in Okpe area of Delta State was the first Urhobo to obtain a Ph. D degree in 1963. He returned from Leipzig, Germany, to start work as the Secretary to Comrade Michael Imoudu, Nigeria’s “Labour Leader Number One” from 1945. Professor Eskor Toyo who studied in Poland and Baba Oluwide (alias Baba Luwi, Baba Omojola, and Jagunmolu of Ijeshaland and Afenifere) also served as Secretaries to Imoudu. The formidable combination of these titans of labour and Marxist scholarship upgraded the ideological quotient of trade unionism as was evident in two post-independence general strikes in 1963 and 1964. Kolagbodi was Onoge’s mentor in this sphere and he never betrayed the heritage all through his years of gregarious engagement with the proletariat, peasants, youths, and the lumpen bourgeoisie in the country and Africa. The New Left Movement As already pointed out, the Marxist socialist movement in the academia in Ibadan was headed by Comrade Ola Oni and assisted by Onoge, Onimode and Ojo. Soon after the Nigerian civil war in 1970, the Ibadan group undertook a tour of the country to connect groups that had been scattered as a result of the war. In the East they met with Nkenna Nzimiro, Chinua Achebe, Chimere Ikoku, Okwudiba Nnoli, and Arthur Nwankwo who were then operating under the rubric of Frantz Fanon Centre. In Zaria, the New Left Movement interacted with members of Aminu Kano’s Northern Elements Progressive Union (NEPU) such as Balarabe Musa, Abubakar Rimi, Baba Omojola (who was operating the Toilers’ Brigade in the Bohemian quarters in Kano), Bala Usman, Mahmud Turkur, Patrick Wilmot and other younger converts to Marxist humanism. The New Left deleation also rallied support with the likes of Ebenezer Babatope at the University of Lagos, and with Segun Osoba, Seinde Arigbede, Toye Olorode, Idowu Awopetu, Biodun Adetugbo, Segun Adewoye, and Bayo Ademodi at the then University of Ife. The purpose of this nationwide mission was to galvanize resources for the formation of a socialist party that would participate in the politics of radical change that the end of the Nigerian civil war presaged and beckoned. In all of these engagements, Professor Omafume Onoge was the intellectual power house. The University crisis of February 1971 that developed from the police murder of Kunle Adepeju, a student of the University of Ibadan, was the first opportunity for the New Left Movement to demonstrate its political will and relevance. The Socialist core of the academics sided with the National Union of Nigerian Students (NUNS) then headed by Olu Adegboro. The socialist lecturers secured the services of a young and vibrant lawyer, now Chief Gani Fawehinmi (SAN), to defend the students at the Justice Kazeem tribunal set up by the General Yakubu Gowon military junta. Onoge’s theoretical clarity on the question of class struggle and the necessity of popular alliance of the oppressed were brilliantly exhibited during the tribunal sitting. The intervention of the Marxist movement transformed the local, campus event to a national movement against military rule in favour of democracy. The posters the students produced called for probe of corrupt military governors and an immediate end to military maladministration and tyranny. The political organization of Marxists which Ola Oni headed operated under the general platform of the Nigerian Academy of Arts, Sciences and Technology. It published a journal, Theory and Practice, and Onoge was the pioneer editor. One of Darah’s early articles “Igho sh’emu sua: Notes on Capitalist Ideology in Urhobo Oral Literature” appeared in the second edition of the journal in 1977. As Nigeria tottered chaotically to the first promised terminal point of military rule in 1974, the Academy produced The Nigerian People’s Manifesto. It is a 120-page document that derived its ideological insight from The Communist Manifesto of 1845 by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels which is ended with the insurgent summons: “Workers of the world unite; you have nothing to lose but your chains” The Nigerian Peoples Manifesto examines the terminal crisis of neocolonial capitalism in Nigeria and the imperative need to employ revolutionary constitutional reforms to establish a superior, socialist political and economic system. The preface to the document proclaims that the “Nigerian Peoples manifesto emanates from discussions with patriotic, anti-imperialist and progressive mass organizations of peasants, petty-traders, patriotic trade unions, tenants’ associations, social reformers, black nationalists, students and youth movements, young socialist organizations, Committee for African Revolution, and the New Left Movement. The Peoples Manifesto is a concrete response to the yearnings of the working people and patriotic forces for a programme of action to smash the politics of deceit, ethnicity and exploitation inflicted on our people by the old, corrupt, bourgeois politicians and their imperialist masters.” From the flourish of imagery, and the semantic and syntactical structure of the Manifesto, it is evident that Onoge was the editorial engineer in the drafting and production of that historic document. In 1975, the economic programme of the Manifesto was published and it was jointly authored by Comrade Ola Oni and Bade Onimode. The title was Economic Development in Nigeria: The Socialist Alternative. One of the positive outcomes of the intervention of the radical intelligentsia in the nation’s politics was the rise of popular consciousness among young people, students and the working class. The generation of students’ leaders featured names such as Olori Magege of the University of Benin, Mohammed Sokoto, Mohammed Kungwai and Abdulrahman Black of the Ahmadu Bello University, (Zaria), Solomon Agunbiade (alias Chairman Mao for his luxuriant beards), Laoye Sanda, Olu Agunloye, Odia Ofeimun, Silas Zwingina (now a Senator), Olu and Banji Adegboro of the University of Ibadan, Edwin Madunagu and Segun Okeowo of the University of Lagos, and Ayo Olukotun of the then University of Ife. In spite of the three decades of corrupt, military maladministration, these names and their protégés still constitute the backbone of Nigeria’s patriotic and radical intelligentsia today. A few more details on this development is pertinent at this point. As the radicalisation of the campuses intensified, the progressive students consolidated to form their own organizations. In 1970 there was only the Afro-Culture Society that offered alternative platform at Ibadan besides the bourgeois-liberal formations such as the Sigma Club that specialized in ostentatious carnivals and revelries. Ironically, their annual musical festival was tagged “Havana” probably in admiration of the capital of Castro’s Cuba. In the 1973 the Young Socialist Movement (YSM) emerged, with a later splinter called Black Nationalist Movement (BNM). A few years after, the socialist re-christened their group Marxist Students Movement (MSM) which started its journal, The Militant of which Darah was the pioneer editor. The successor editor was Jimi Adesina, one of Onoge’s students who is now a Professor at Rhodes University in South Africa. Those who seek the etymological roots of the term “militant” ought to interrogate these sources over three decades ago. The leadership of the radical students included two medical students who had turbulent experiences on account of their involvement; they were Komolu Johnson and Femi Bamiboye. The MSM later expanded to Ile-Ife and Zaria and was at the spearhead of activities organised by NUNS which became National Association of Nigerian Students (NANS) in the aftermath of the 1978 General Obasanjo crackdown in campus radicalism. The rising tempo of student and youth vanguardism across the country added vigour to revolts against military autocracy and barbarism and Onoge and his colleagues had busy schedules of public lectures, symposia, and media interactions. Those who passed through the portals of Ibadan in this dynamic decade still cherish the experience of intellectual delight of hearing and learning from the incisive and stimulating debates involving Onoge and other Marxist patriots. The momentum of the 1970s under the intellectual motor of the Socialist academia culminated in the epic involvement of Nigeria in the anti-apartheid struggle in Southern Africa. The superlative quality of Nigeria’s intervention in that uprising was due largely to the pervasive influence of the revolutionary ideas of pan-Africanism and liberation from external domination. Professor Onoge and his colleagues were the indomitable vessels of the pedagogy of knowledge and education for liberation. In this new epistemology, Onoge edified students and staff with copious quotes from the works of Frantz Fanon, Kwame Nkrumah, Julius Nyerere, and Amilcar Cabral. Thus the students’ movement that developed from this ferment was ideologically clear-headed and committed to radical change in Africa and Nigeria. It was for their struggle that Nigeria became acknowledged as a frontline state in the liberation of Southern Africa. In tribute to his genius in this regard, Onoge was on the Nigerian delegation to the Peoples Republic of China in 1976 along with Segun Osoba and Bala Usman. The team was headed by Major-General Henry Adefope, then the Minister of Youths and Sports. The purpose was to understudy the structure of education in China with a view to adopting it in Nigeria. This was the highest point of official recognition of the superiority of the socialist system, especially in the area of education, social mobilization, and youth orientation. It is pertinent to add that Nigeria’s involvement in the Southern African liberations struggles revamped the ideological purity of mass movements and popular agitations for change and justice. The cruelty of the decadent Portuguese colonial regime was etched in the minds of radicals and the youth and it was sweet victory for Africa when following a coup by pro-democracy military officers in Portugal in 1974, the liberation movements in Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and Angola quickly won their independence from colonial bondage. The Nigerian student movement momorialised these achievements by adopting the Portuguese phrases of “Aluta continua; victoria a certe” (The struggle continues; victory is certain) for their campus activities. Ironically, General Olusegun Obasanjo who, as military head of state from 1976-1979, was the prime beneficiary of this insurgent national youth movement, was the one that castrated the movement two years into his regime in 1978. In April 1978 there was mass students’ uprising against unwarranted increase in higher education cost. The action was led by this generation of militant Marxist students. During the students’ clashes with the Police, one student was killed at the University of Lagos and nine at the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Onoge and his Marxist colleagues stood firmly with the students as they did in the 1971 and 1974 seasons of popular revolts against military dictatorship. Yet, General Obasanjo, apparently acting a script from the Pentagon in America, wickedly and falsely accused the radical academia of instigating the students to overthrow his government. More unpardonably, Obasanjo alleged that the students were being used by the apartheid regime in South Africa to undermine Nigeria. Under the guise of this fabricated suspicion, the Obasanjo junta arbitrarily dismissed Onoge and others from the University system in August 1978. The casualty list of this fascist witchcraft included Comrade Ola Oni, Akin Ojo, Bade Onimode, Laoye Sanda (Ibadan), Ebenezer Babatope and Eddie Madunagu (Lagos), and Bene Madunagu and Ekpo Bassey Ekpo (Calabar). The NUNS then headed by Segun Okeowo of Lagos was proscribed and all the student leaders were banned from admission into any Nigerian University in the country. It was the resilience and tenacity of the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) that restored the victimized academics to their posts in 1981. As it with most middle class professionals in Nigeria, the arbitrary sack of the socialist academics put many of them in temporary disarray. They had not worked long enough to save money to build homes. Only Ola Oni who had secured a university housing loan had a place of his own in Bodija area of Ibadan which he quickly converted into a printing press and the Progressive and Socialist Books Depot. The house also became the secretariat of the Socialist Party of Workers, Farmers and Youth (SPWFY) floated in 1978 as a left-wing platform for involvement in electoral politics as the military regime was about to disengage in 1979. Predictably, the Obasanjo military junta denied the party registration along with about 45 other associations, including that by the Nigerian revolutionary musical maestro, Fela Anikulapo-Kuti. It is important to remark the “Winnie Mandela” role played by Ola Oni’s with, Kehinde and his four children in those hectic days of political mobilisation and alliances. Although Oni was the undisputed Vladimir Lenin of the movement, it was Kehinde who provided the necessary support and warm, generous reception and hosting for numerous visitors, comrades and ideological troubadours that thronged the Bodija house night and day. Managing Ola Oni’s extensive networks and restless schedule of work was a heavy burden on Kehinde and the family, a burden made more precarious by the regular police and security raids on the premises and the arrest and detention of Oni. Schisms and differences amongst the leftists did not lighten the load of management. The Oni/Ibadan section insisted on floating a Marxist-Leninist mass party in the orthodox tradition of revolutionary enterprises in Russia, Poland, Germany, France, Egypt, China, Vietnam, Indonesia, Ghana, and South Africa. Some sections of the Left disagreed fiercely even after a tenuous agreement in favour of party formation had been made in Zaria in 1976. Onoge returned from Tanzania in 1977 to become embroiled in these sectarian controversies. Ethno-regional sentiments were at play in some instances. When the green light for parties was given by the military in 1978, the Oni/Ibadan group announced its Socialist Party of Workers, Farmers and Youth (SPWFY). Wahab Goodluck, Dapo Fatogun, and Dr. Lasisi Osunde who had strong links in the trade unions went their own way with Socialist Workers Party just as the Mallam Aminu Kano associates opted for the Peoples Redemption Party that saw the election of Balarabe Musa and Abubakar Rimi as governors of Kaduna and Kano states respectively. The Ife collective under Segun Osoba’s leadership chose to remain uninvolved and the survivors of the Biafran experience in Eastern Nigeria had not recovered enough to float an independent party platform. The split of socialist forces at this historical juncture was a drawback for progressive politics and the effects have not been completely erased. In the hostile, anti-socialist milieu of military rule, it was pretty difficult to carry on the mobilisation of the proletarian forces. The SPWFY later metamorphosed into the Socialist Revolutionary Vanguard (SRV) under Oni’s leadership. After his untimely death in 1999, the coordination of SRV rested on the joint shoulders of Dr. Yomi Jorge Ferreira and Baba Omojola in Lagos and Comrade Laoye Sanda in Ibadan. Following his arbitrary sack in 1978, Onoge, as we have said, went home to Effurun in the then Bendel State where the ideas of Marxism and socialist work were largely unknown, if not demonised as crazy, foreign and subversive. Akin Ojo, Bade Onimode, and Laoye Sanda stayed back in Ibadan to engage in the party work. In his Effurun base Onoge had to live with his aged father since he did not have a house of his own yet. In Urhobo society, such a status is source of great embarrassment and snide comments against the returnee migrant. Yet Onoge recovered somewhat as Chief Ebenezer Babatope employed his links in the Obafemi Awolowo-led Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) to secure a teaching job for him at the then College of Education, Abraka. Professor Ambrose Folorunso Alli who also knew Onoge was the Governor of Bendel State at the time. As the British dramatist William Shakespeare has written, “sweet are the uses of adversity. Thus Onoge won more home laurels. He married a new wife, Patience, later an attorney-at-law. His first marriage to a sociology scholar, Tola Pearse, had ended in divorce some years earlier. The couple had a daughter, Forabo, who was to have a First Class honours degree English in Ife in the 1980s and went to the United States to read law where she presently practises. With Patience, Onoge had four offspring – two male and two female. The Jos Years With the triumph of the ASUU’s industrial action in 1980-81, Onoge resumed as a Professor at the University of Jos in 1982, under the friendly headship of Professor J.I. Tseayo in the Department of Sociology. Onoge was to become Head of Department (1982-1989), and also Chairman of the University’s Consultancy Services, Dean of Postgraduate Studies (1989-1993), Director, Centre for Development Studies (1993-1994), and elected Member of the University Council (1995). During these years, Onoge brought in innovations and communitarian strategies which enhanced the status of the Social Sciences in particular and the University in general. Among his colleagues in the department were Dr. Iyorchia Ayu, former Senate President, and Professor Sylvester Ogoh Alubo. But Onoge’s twin brother in ideology at Jos was the Marxist political economist, Professor Peter Ozo-Eson in the Department of Economics. They were so adored for their forthrightness that they were able to beat Plateau indigenes in elections to university positions. On his arrival in Jos Onoge quickly established fruitful rapport with the Urhobo community of miners and professionals who were very visible in the socio-economic landscape of the Plateau. With his aura of intellectualism, he rallied the community to set up the Emudiaga Club as an active vent for articulating Urhobo issues in the era of leadership tussle amongst ranks of the Urhobo Progress Union. With the active support of the likes of Chiefs William Adjekughele and the late Monorien Agbatutu, the Emudiaga Club organised the first-ever conference on Urhobo Culture and Language at the Petroleum Training Institute, Effurun, in 1992. Onoge regularly acknowledged the kind assistance the Club received from his Urhobo College colleague, Chief Patrick Okitiakpe and others in the funding of the conference. In the year 2000-2003, Onoge became the Executive Director of CASS, Port Harcourt. With Professor Peter Ozo-Eson as companion, Onoge inaugurated a new phase of administrative openness and transparency, relevant social science research and engagement with the critical institutions and political organizations of the Niger Delta. Through seminars, workshops, and global networking, Onoge elevated CASS to a status comparable to the Dakar-based CODESSRIA (Council for Development and Social Science Research in Africa) where he was also a consultant. Onoge’s leadership of CASS brought him into the intellectual vanguard of the Niger Delta struggle with regular and positive interactions with frontline leaders of the Ijaw, Ogoni, Urhobo, Ibibio, Efik, Annang, Ogbia, Egenni, Isoko, Edo, Ukwuani/Ndokwa and other nations of the Niger Delta. For example, on January 4 2003, Onoge, Ojaide, and Darah travelled to Ogoniland to join that year’s celebration of Ogoni Day. Through the six-hour drive, we engaged in impromptu and ecstatic discussions on culture, sang and analysed classical Udje songs, commented on the endangered environment and the need for the Urhobo people to construct strategic alliances with the Ogoni and other nations of the embattled Niger Delta. Our delegation was received by MOSOP President, Ledum Mitee and his executive and joint projects were agreed on. It was during that trip that we took a decision to establish the Urhobo Studies Association at Abraka to drive Urhobo scholarship and discourses. The Association started in 2003 and Onoge was active in its academic programmes throughout the six years. For the one decade that Onoge engaged in liberation politics with the Niger Delta nations and organizations, he endeared himself to all as a comrade, revolutionary and humanist. In all conferences, workshops, and political gatherings, Onoge’s voice boomed and resonated as his prodigious presence dazzled and puzzled many, including those on the opposite side of the political divide. With this pedigree, Onoge’s choice as member of the Delta State delegation to the 2005 National Political Reforms Conference in Abuja was well deserved and ordained by reputation. In February, Governor James Onanefe Ibori attended the service of songs for the burial of Professor Frank Ukoli, the first Urhobo to attain that status. As soon as he sighted Onoge, he declared: “Prof, you will go for the conference” and the statement was greeted with robust applause. Chief Ibori had heard Onoge address audiences at Asaba, Warri, Benin, and Port Harcourt and he called him “firebrand professor”. The leader of the Delta delegation was Deacon Gamaliel Onosode, with Chief Edwin Kiagbodo Clark, Chief Ifeanyi Sylvester. Moemeke, Rear Admiral Mike Onah, and Professor Itse Sagay as members. A 10-member technical think tank headed by Engineer James Bukohwo Erhuero provided strategic backing. At the conference Onoge’s deep grasp of political economy and his oratorical prowess thoroughly overawed the apostles of Northern Caliphate hegemony in Nigeria. He led the crucial debate on resource control and fiscal federalism at the conference. The memorandum submitted by Delta State sharply articulated the popular demand of the Niger Delta Region for increase in derivation from 13% to 50%. The stubborn resistance of resource-famished, but politically privileged parasite states in the north of Nigeria killed that opportunity for the democratic renewal of Nigeria. But Professor Onoge and members of the Niger Delta delegations returned to the welcome of heroes and heroines in the Region. The same robust energy and unswerving egalitarian philosophy guided Onoge’s participation in the activities of the South-South Leaders and Elders Forum under the aegis of Chief Clark. In the work of the Ledum Mitee-headed Niger Delta Technical Committee set up by President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua in 2008, Onoge was a prolific resource person and brilliant communicator. He headed the committee that prepared the U. P. U. memorandum for the Technical Committee which advocated the creation of an Urhobo State as the most reliable vehicle to guarantee the Urhobo people a place of honour and relevance in Nigeria and Africa in the 21st century. Pioneering Marxist Sociology of African Literature In the 1972-1973 academic session, Onoge handled one of the largest postgraduate courses in Harvard University as a Visiting Professor in the Department of Social Relations. He used the course to aggregate the various theoretical viewpoints and nuances on revolutionary social change from Frederick Douglass of the United States of America to Amilcar Cabral of Guinea-Bissau. He always told us that teaching that course was one of the most fulfilling experiences of his career, and his reading list for the course had about 200 titles. It was at Harvard that he published his path-breaking paper on literature, “The Crisis of Consciousness in Modern African Literature: A Survey”, which is probably the most quoted essay on African letters and justifiably so. This 30-page essay established the canons of radical and Marxist interpretation of arts, artists, and the consumers of their works. The essay correctly identifies the political and ideological influences that have shaped African written literature in the past 100 years. Onoge gives the primacy of place to anti-imperialist and pro-liberation writers such as Aime Cesaire, Ama Ata Aidoo, Ngugi wa Thiong’o, Alex La Guma, and the younger generation of African writers emerging in the early 1970s. Needless to say that the perspective of the essay was to influence critical temper and creative output from the 1980s as borne out in the post-1980s works of Timothy Aluko, Achebe, Cyprian Ekwensi, J.P. Clark, Soyinka, Chukwuemeka Ike, Ola Rotimi, Zulu Sofola, and Buchi Emecheta. The next generation of writers benefited positively from Onoge’s intervention and that of notable critics such as Chinweizu, Jeyifo and Ngugi. The radical orientation is palpable in the writings of Femi Osofisan, Akinwumi Isola, Niyi Osundare, Festus Iyayi, Tanure Ojaide, Odia Ofeimun, Bode Sowande, Tunde Fatunde, Ezenwa-Ohaeto, Olu Obafemi, Funso Ayejina, Abubakar Gimba, Harry Garuba, Remi Raji, Ogaga Ifowodo, Zainab Alkali, Tess Osonye Onwueme and others. In the wider African context, the Marxist literary canon of socialist realism radically redefined the aesthetics of works by Kofi Awoonor, Ayi Kwei Arnah, and Kofi Ayindoho of Ghana and Njabulo Ndebele of South Africa. Perhaps we should add that Soyinka’s tragic plays were severely, and sometimes recklessly criticised the Leftists for their idiomatic density and un-dialectical affirmation of immutable African beliefs and worldview. Soyinka never spares anyone who misunderstands him, particularly those who invoke non-African systems; yet he had tremendous respect and admiration for Onoge and his Marxist views. Onoge’s fame rests also in the dialectical way he domesticated or Africanised the Marxist epistemology in artistic creativity and criticism. The genesis of the debate goes back to the 19th century in Europe with Marx and Engels and it was revived in the 1920s with the rise of radical writers and dramatists such as Bertolt Brecht of Germany. After the Russian revolution in 1917, Leon Trotsky and Georg Plekhanov expanded the application of the paradigm. In the 1940s the Frankfurt School that developed around Georg Lukacs, Theodor Adorno, Walter Benjamin, and Herbert Marcuse introduced more controversies, especially with mediation influences of technology. The English pioneers were Christopher Caudwell, George Thompson and Raymond Williams. Terry Eagleton was to emerge much later. The Bulgarian, Ernst Fischer published his The Necessity of Art: A Marxist Approach in the early 1960s and Adolfo Sanchez Vasquez followed in the early 1970s. But African literature was excluded from the pale of this aesthetic quarry until Onoge broke the myth with his 1974 seminal essay. This essay and his “Towards a Marxist Sociology of African Literature” served as the theoretical anchor of Georg Gugelberger’s edited Marxism & African Literature (1985). Attending Onoge’s classes of Sociology of Literature offered an intellectual feast that was not available in other disciplines in the University. His compulsory background reading also featured works by Fanon such as The Wretched of the Earth, A Dying Colonialism, and Toward the African Revolution. Aime Cesaire’s Discourse on Colonialism was another, so was Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s Homecoming essays. For full-fledged Marxist theories there were Frederich Engels’ The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State, Trotsky’s Literature and Revolution, and Mao Tse-tung’s Talks at Yenan Forum on Literature and Art. The oft-quoted passage from Marx was “Philosophers have interpreted the world in various ways, the point however is to change it.” This was the ideological mantra that we all committed to memory. Everyone mentored by Onoge found it irresistible and respectable to cite Mao’s “Work of literature and art, as ideological forms, are products in the human brain of the life of a given society”. Nearly all passages of Fanon were quotable but the ones easily remembered and dissected in class were “Each generation must, out of relative obscurity, discover its mission, fulfil it or betray it”; “No man can truly wish for the spread of African culture if he does not give practical support to the creation of the conditions necessary to the existence of that culture; in other words, to the liberation of the whole continent” and “To fight for national culture means in the first place to fight for the liberation of the nation, that material touchstone which makes the building of a culture possible. There is no other fight for culture which can develop apart from the popular struggle”. The popular political quote from Mao was “imperialists are paper tigers” which demystified the military power of Western imperialist nations like the United States, Britain, France, and Japan which terrorized Third World peoples for decades. On the strength of the reputation of Onoge’s course of the Sociology of African Literature at Ibadan, he was invited to inaugurate a similar programme at the University of Dares Salaam in 1976-1977. He was away in Tanzania when the Festival of Black and African Arts and Culture (FESTAC) took place in Lagos in February 1977. In December 1977, Onoge, Biodun Jeyifo, Molara Ogundipe-Leslie, Kole Omotoso, Femi Osofisan and the rest of us younger academics, later known as the Ibadan-Ife Group, hosted a conference tagged “Radical Perspectives in African Literature”. The emergence of this group reflected the growing division amongst Nigerian literary scholars, the radicals versus conservatives or the bourgeois as we called them. In conference after conference, the two tendencies engaged in robust exchanges which helped to inspire new techniques of writing and literary criticism. Professor Onoge was surely the intellectual general of the left wing literary scholars. Marxists, Activists and Guerrillas In the early 1970s our images of revolution and guerrillas were drawn from foreign lands such as the Soviet Union, China, Vietnam, Haiti and Cuba. By the mid 1970s African examples became handy with victories of anti-colonial armies in Mozambique, Guinea, Angola, South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Namibia. But their guerrilla armies were patterned after that of China which needed heavy human capital arsenal. In 1953, the Moncada insurgents in Cuba had introduced the small and ideologically focused variety. After the triumph of the Cuban socialists in 1959, Che Guevara came to the Congo in 1965 to initiate a similar forest-based, micro-guerrilla type. The experiment failed but the memory remained as seen in the 12-day uprising by Isaac Adaka Boro’s all-Ijaw guerrilla outfit that struck in February 1966. The marvellous feats of the African guerrilla armies saved the Nigerian Marxist the embarrassing butt of bourgeois cynics who used to tease them with the quibble: “where are your peasant armies of revolution?” The temporary resolution of the apartheid and capitalist crisis in Southern Africa from the 1980s dimmed the prospects of this phenomenon somewhat. But insurgent gangs later sprouted in Somalia, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and the Sudan. But Nigerians never imagined that their land would ever foster such revolutionary military formations. This illusion was burst asunder in the 1990s with the arrival on the scene of radical ethnicity-based movements such as the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (NOSOP), the Ijaw National Congress INC), the Ijaw Youth Council, and other environment-focused groups like Environmental Rights Action initiated by Comrade Oronto Douglas and colleagues. The Federal government colluded with the multinational oil companies such as Shell to crack down on peaceful protests, leading to the government murder of Ken Saro-Wiwa and other Ogoni patriots in 1995. In October 1998, a burst petroleum pipe fire killed about 1,000 villagers in Idjerhe (Jesse) in Delta State. The government sadistically denied assistance and compensation. On December 11, the Ijaw Youth Council launched the Kaiama Declaration at Boro’s birthplace which set the tone for militant advocacy of resource control and fiscal federalism. In November 1999, Obasanjo’s civilian regime sent armed troops to demolish Odi claiming to be in pursuit of criminals. After these holocausts, the idiom and direction of revolt against oil companies and local colonial exploiters changed radically in favour of militancy and armed guerrilla politics. When Onoge returned to the Niger Delta in 2000, the social ecology of struggle had altered. As the late Ugandan poet, Okot p’Bitek once wrote, oil-corrupted Nigeria had become a country where the pythons of uhuru (independence) had devoured the weak and oppressed classes and resource-rich minority nations of the Niger Delta. The vocabulary of “local colonial exploiters”, “resource control”, “liberation” and “emancipation” had become popular and ennobling to use and hear. The most edifying experience for Onoge as a revolutionary sociologist was the domestication and re-invention of the phenomenon of small, mobile, technology-guided, almost invisible and ubiquitous guerrilla formations. The country’s profit-driven mass media that would not publicise views antagonistic to the government’s had become zealous in reporting and quoting unedited and anonymous e-mail communiqués of these unknown and unknowable groups. The Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) epitomizes this phase of dialectical and historical materialism. Three weeks after Onoge’s death, the name Urhobo Revolutionary Army entered the lexicon of liberation visioning in the Niger Delta. Not to be ignored is the influence of global events and insurgent movements against the monster of Western, capitalist imperialism typified by the United States. Thanks to the revolution in digital communication, the Al Qaeda group of Osama Bin Laden demystified the awesome power of the United States on September 11, 2001, with the bombing of the Manhattan heartland of global capitalism in New York. The world was awaken from its slumber of post-Cold War Western monopoly of the weapons of mass destruction. Welcome to the 21st century; welcome to the age of digital communication where the power of knowledge and ideology overwhelms that of sheer number and wealth. The ramifications of these historic events were well absorbed by change advocates in Nigeria and the Niger Delta. Soon after the return of electoral politics in Nigeria in 1999, inter-ethnic clashes and religion-fuelled riots caused mayhem in many populous cities such as Kano, Kaduna, Jos, Bauchi, Lagos, Shagamu, and Ilorin. The upsurge of fanatical Islamic sects like Sharia in some northern states nearly made Nigeria ungovernable. Whilst Onoge was in Jos for 20 years, there were frequent bloody feuds between ancestral natives of the Plateau State and migrants from other ethno-national regions. In November 2008, the most horrendous of these upheavals occurred in Jos and hundreds were killed. When the federal government gendarmes code-named Joint Task Force (JTF) invaded and destroyed oil-rich Ijaw communities of Gbaramatu area of Delta State in May 2009, Nigeria’s electronic media shut out their viewers from the horror scenes but the progressive Arab television Aljazeera aired them to audiences of billions across the world. With the Gbaramatu show of state violence, Onoge and other interpreters of the unfolding drama of radical changes knew that the Nigerian ruling class would no longer disguise its imperial agenda of subjugating the Niger Delta for oil profits to flow uninterrupted. Vladimir Lenin, the first president of the Soviet Union (1917-1924) had written that a revolutionary situation breaks out when the oppressed masses refuse to be governed in the old ways. Two weeks before Onoge’s demise, President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua announced a controversial amnesty programme for so-called militants of the Niger Delta. It was the first time that the Nigerian ruling oligarchy acknowledged that the masses of the region were no longer prepared to be ruled in the old, unjust and exploitative ways. For Onoge and Nigerian Marxists the world is undergoing the recurring osmosis of permanent revolution as predicted by Marx, Engels, Lenin, Trotsky, Mao, Che Guevara, Frantz Fanon and Nkrumah many decades earlier. Much more fulfilling for Onoge in the twilight years was the realization by us that the Niger Delta has assumed the historical position of being the locomotive of the Nigerian revolution for justice, equity, and emancipation from the local colonial bondage superintended by the Caliphate-dominated ruling class. In the Middle East the invasion of Iraq by the United States and its Western allies was deteriorating into another Vietnam debacle. President Saddam Hussein of Iraq had been tried in a kangaroo court and condemned to death by hanging. Yet insurgency did not abate as suicide bombers and urban guerrilla outfits continued to torment the invaders and their Iraqi comprador agents daily, resulting in heavy human fatalities. In neighbouring Iran, an anti-imperialist regime stood out stoutly against terror threats from the capitalist West that hypocritically called for free and fair elections whilst their nations enjoyed excellent relations with Saudi Arabia where no elections are ever held. And so the world did not stand still. The first major capitalist economic depression in 70 years deceptively christened financial meltdown was ravaging the profit vaults of speculators in the United States and other free enterprise nations. Frightened of what Karl Marx once described as the common ruin of all, the United States abandoned its rank racism temporarily and elected Barrack Hussein Obama the first black African American as President. This was a political earthquake of sorts which made Onoge reminisce exultingly about the long history of struggle African Americans from the era of Nat Turner, William Delany, Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, Booker T. Washington, William Du Bois, Jesse Owens, Marcus Garvey, Claude McKay, to the generation of Rosa Parks, Angela Davis, Malcom X, Martin Luther King, Mohammed Ali, James Brown, and Jesse Jackson. On January 20 2009 the Delta Diaspora Association gathered at the Godatin Hotel bar in Enerhen area of Warri to celebrate the inauguration ceremony of President Obama. Onoge was not strong enough to attend but he sent word to salute the heroic triumph of Obama, adding that it was one chapter in the long revolution to free humanity from the barbarism of capitalism and racism. Return to the Source Credo Amilcar Cabral is credited with this concept which he distilled from his experience as the President of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC). By “return to the source” he meant the necessity for the revolutionary, educated but alienated elite to make deliberate effort to reconnect with his or her cultural roots which are preserved in the people’s folklore, arts and history. Aime Cesaire from Martinique had celebrated this mental reorientation in his classical Negritude poem, Return to My Native Land (1934). It was echoed in the works of Alejo Carpentier and Nicolas Guillen of Cuba years later. To the summons of return to the source Cabral added a more difficult challenge for the educated elite, namely, to “commit class suicide” by deliberately disengaging from the petty bourgeois comforts of city life and joining with the peasants and urban poor to fight for liberation from oppression and exploitation. Many world revolutionaries had to do this. Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky of Russia adopted anonymous names to shield themselves from the watch and wrath of fascist czars. During the 20-year long guerrilla fight for national liberation, Mao Tse-tung of China gave out his children to unknown peasant farmers to save him form the burden of parental sentiments. In Nigeria, Eskor Toyo changed his Oron name; Ola Oni was Oladapo Oniororo in his King’s College days in Lagos in the 1940s. In our estimation, Onoge went farther than others in his emersion in the return to the source cultural renewal. His rural background in Urhobo set the pace and he consolidated it with his academic training in agriculture and social anthropology. During his field work days in Aiyetoro Christian community, he offered free teaching to children and adults and he was adoringly called “Moses” for this and his luscious beards reminiscent of Karl Marx’s. Onoge’s studies in anti-imperialism and African literature further honed his pro-people outlook. He was humble, polite, polished, charitable, compassionate and ornate in his baritone voice that charmed even adversaries of his ideological passion. Onoge also experienced the transition of cultural return to the sources in other unorthodox ways. One was his gradual recognition of the intrinsic values of traditions and their innovative use to promote egalitarian consciousness and societal renewal. Take the instance of his integration into the local structures of royal and monarchical affairs. In our age as starry-eyed revolutionaries, we Marxists scorned anything having to do with feudal or traditional power systems. The image of feudalism we harboured then was taken from classical Marxist literature derived from the history of that class in European nations in the pre-French and pre-Russian revolutions. Feudal monarchs and their armies were notorious for blood-thirsty excesses, plunder and disinheritance of peasant producers and conquered territories. We carried these horrid images into the African scene and thus exhibited antagonism towards all manifestations and symbols of non-democratic dispensations. As Onoge returned to his Urhobo and Niger Delta cultural sources, he gradually began to lower his sights as the Angolan liberation fighters used to say. One of his students became a king in the ancient community of Erohwa in Isoko area of Delta State. The new king showed appreciation for his former teacher and conferred the title of “Ugo of Erohwa” on Onoge. In the early 2000s, his own Uvwie Kingdom also honoured him with another chieftaincy title and the Marxist Professor became a “Double Chief” as local parlance has it in the Niger Delta. But he was not fussy about these new images of local nobility and class distinction. He had adopted his family’s cognomen of “Agadagba” (generalissimo) which is also common in the Ijaw areas of Gbaramatu and Egbema of the western Niger Delta. On account of his reputation as a fearless speaker, he had invented for himself the tell-tale sobriquet of “Oyivwinta” (Fearless Orator). Whenever his associates wanted to humour him, they would invoke the full panoply of names thus: (Double Chief Professor, the Ugo of Erohwa, and the Agadagba and Oyivwinta of Ugborikoko!” Fun-sharing was one of Onoge’s cultural gifts. Onoge underwent other forms of cultural renewal and re-integration. His father was a celebrated composer and entertainer in the Uvwie Ighovwan oral song-poetry of social commentary and moral control. Although we never saw Onoge on a dance floor, he had nostalgic memories of the Ighovwan carnivals performed annually by all seven communities of the Uvwie state of Urhobo at the waterfront theatre of Ohworhu temple in the Ekpokpo (Ephro/Effurun) metropolis. The deluge of urbanization in Effurun from the 1940s had drowned all channels of folk cultural expression such as Ighovwan and kindred art forms. But Onoge was excited to find a similar aesthetic system in Udje of the Ughievwen and Udu people to the east of Uvwie. Nigeria’s national poet laureate J. P. Clark had opened scholarly studies into Udje repertoire in the mid 1960s. Darah did his doctoral thesis on the Udje genre in 1982 and David Okpako and Tanure Ojaide have extended the studies. Onoge was enamoured of Udje satirical song-poetry not only for its sheer metaphorical elegance but also for the themes and social discourses of pre-capitalist Urhobo society. Onoge enthusiastically drew illustrative material from the Udje texts for his analysis of rural poverty, emerging class polarization fostered by the oil economy, and residues of egalitarian and communitarian consciousness embedded in them. One of his favourite numbers was the “Noruayen” song from David Okpako’s Owahwa community, a ballad that explores the tragic end of a young and hardworking man who died in the process of scooping discarded palm oil thrown into the waterways by European merchants. In Noruayen’s fate, Onoge detected that of millions of Africans whose destinies were destroyed by rampaging, predatory capitalism. Yet another memorable piece for him was “Fraimu”, an Orhunghworun song on a robustly built female paragon who was instigated to engage in extra-conjugal sexual affairs by a husband who always travelled in search of wealth and fortune. If ever Onoge was ill or in foul mood and you sang these songs to him, his vitality was fired instantly. That was Onoge for you, the scholar and connoisseur of culture and high aesthetic taste. The June 12, 1993, Volcano and its aftermath Onoge was already about 10 years in Jos when the volcanic eruptions of the 1993 June 12 protests for the restoration of the election victory of M. K. O. Abiola paralysed Nigeria. The military regime of Babangida did not allow Abiola to rule but the storms of the country-wide protests and street matches helped to warn the military dictators to finally leave power in 1998. The June 12 years of struggle were coordinated by the National Democratic Coalition (NADECO) in which veterans like Michael Ajasin, Alfred Rewane, Anthony Enahoro, Alani Akirinade, Wole Soyinka, John Oyegun, and Gani Fawehinmi played pivotal roles. Throughout the five years of social upheaval and heavy-handed reprisals by the desperate military, Onoge was involved in numerous interventions at public debates and platforms. The oil workers pro-June 12 strike of 1994 excited him exceedingly and all through his life he venerated Comrade Frank Ovie Kokori and his militant colleagues for daring fascist General Sani Abacha in his den of coup makers. With his associate Ozo-Eson and their leftist friends in the north of the country they joined forces with all segments of the Nigerian labour movement and the gregarious human rights organisations to advance the cause of the pro-democracy uprising that opened the political space for bourgeois electoral contests from 1998. Onoge tenaciously supported governors James Ibori of Delta State and D. S. P. Alamieyeseigha of Bayelsa State and the other Niger Delta governors and legislators in the agitation for resource control and fiscal federalism from 2000-2007. He was a regular guest lecturer in their events. Until the last moments, Onoge maintained steadfast alliance with the progressive segments of the Nigerian petty bourgeois political class, from the days of Aminu Kano, Obafemi Awolowo, Ambrose Alli, Abubakar Rimi, Balarabe Musa, Solomon Lar through Ahmed Bola Tinubu to Comrade Adams Oshiomhole. A few days after Oshiomhole was restored by the courts to the governor’s saddle in Edo State, Onoge visited him in Benin even when he was already frail in health. Effurun and Capitalist Primitive Accumulation Again, for Onoge, there was even an earlier more edifying return to the source event in his Effurun area of Delta State. This was the 1986 Ekpan Women’s revolt against oppression and exploitation by the Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) and their cohorts in Uvwie Kingdom and the Niger Delta. The post-civil war boom in the oil economy of the 1970s had brought petro-dollar wealth to the Warri-Effurun metropolis which is the commercial and industrial epicentre of the western Niger Delta. Most of the oil industries and institutions destined for the zone were hosted by Effurun that had more land to spare for gigantic enterprises and residential properties. The Warri Refining and Petrochemical Company ant the Petroleum Training Institute (PTI) came in 1977 and the Nigerian Gas Company opened in 1980. Oil service firms, contractors and foreign personnel followed and boosted the real estate business. The road networks had to be extended into hitherto arable land and green belts. In late 1970s, the Nigerian government built a 30-kilometre dual carriage road to connect the Warri ports with the Delta Steel Oil Company, Ovwian-Aladja, Africa’s largest direct steel reduction plant. Military barracks and pipelines consumed more farm lands. All these developments chopped swathes of arable land, much of which was obtained in violation of the principles of equity and economic justice. In 10 years Effurun or Uvwie people had lost their most precious economic resource. Thus emerged the strange situation of the first section of Urhobo territory having landless peasants. The trauma was devastating, especially as the management of the oil industry in neocolonial Nigeria has no exit points for victims. As the natives and migrants were chased into disease-infested slum dwellings and lumpen existence, social tensions and violent crimes rose in frequency and intensity. A thriving community of migrant sex workers, pimps, gamblers, and itinerant traders sprang up on the northern corridor of Effurun metropolis between the military barracks and the highway to Sapele. It was appropriately called “Maroko”, being the name of the notorious ghetto in Lagos which greedy military officers and latifundists forcefully occupied and chased away the residents into homelessness in the 1980s. The Effurun “Maroko” was eventually demolished not to provide alternative and healthier tenement but because the slum community was sitting on the path of gigantic pipes that convey crude oil and gas to processing facilities and export terminals on the Atlantic Ocean. Up to the early years of the 21st century, Effurun was jeeringly referred to as the host of hardened criminals and political goon squads which often clashed with casualties and fatalities. Armed gangs of motor park touts would stage combats to test their arsenal of lethal weapons or the popularity of their leaders. Yet the majority of the miscreants who lived so precariously were not natives of Uvwie or Urhobo but migrants from other distressed areas of Nigeria and West Africa. But all the opprobrium and caustic commentaries blamed the problem on Uvwie youths. For Onoge and his generation of Uvwie patriots, an old order had collapsed without compensatory remedies. In one of his outraged articles on the crisis of primitive capitalist accumulation, he described the Effurun area as a place where smoke-chocked brothels litter the landscape like smallpox. His native land had become an empirical proof of Frantz Fanon’s prediction that the national bourgeoisie of the newly independent countries would have no better thing to do than to turn their cities to brothels for European tourists. And the description is apt because a 2006 census of hotels and guest houses showed that there were about 100 within the geographical space of about 150 square kilometres. A similar density was recorded for churches and miracle centres; there were about 350 churches in the Warri-Effurun metropolis is 2006. By the time Onoge died, the figure would have risen much higher as the socio-economic causes of the aggressive evangelism had not changed. Comrade Onoge the erstwhile Marxist atheist and Africanist lived long enough to witness the manifestation of Karl Marx’s 19th century statement that “religion is the opium of the poor masses” which induces them to dream of living in post-humous paradise having been denied the earthly one by capitalist exploiters and ruling classes. In fact, one Pentecostal church bought the piece of land directly behind Onoge’s villa in Ugborikoko and the ecstatic drumming, singing, dancing by the worshippers denied the Onoge’s the legitimate right to peace and quietude. This was the ultimate experience of the effect of the religious opium and Comrade Onoge had to take drastic steps to buy off the plot of land and the new “miracle centre” relocated elsewhere in the “mighty name of Jesus!” In August 1986, the Ekpan women who suffered more land loss than others did better than reflect in lucid writings. After their plea to the NNPC for offer job places and menial economic engagements were ignored, the women resorted to the tradition mechanism of mass protest in Urhobo as they took over the oil facilities and entire traffic routes in Effurun, including the major highways from the Benin-Sapele and Ughelli-Port Harcourt ends. Chaos and pandemonium followed for days as armed security contingents hounded the protesting women to retreat, though in dignity. These Amazons of Uvwie are honoured till this day for doing what the men folk had been unable to handle. Yet Uvwie people, like the Ogoni of Eleme area of Rivers State, have remained landless hosts of multinationals oil giants and real estate owners ever since. The land hunger in Uvwie Kingdom is so severe that Onoge had to buy land to build his villa in his natal Ugborikoko in the 1980s. This is one reason why the Onoge funeral committee has scheduled a symposium for August 25, the 23rd year of the Ekpan women’s revolt against injustice in the oil industry. Death where is thy sting? Any one who lives up to 70 years plus in poorly governed Nigeria is not strange to tragic events and Onoge was no exception. In the late 1990s, he suffered the untimely death of his immediate younger brother, Owens Onoge who attained the rank of a Commissioner of Police. It was Professor Onoge who sponsored Owens’ university education while he was pursuing postgraduate studies in the United States. Barely two years after, Onoge’s lawyer spouse and compassionate partner also passed away prematurely. These twin-bunched experiences had a toll on Onoge’s emotions and resilience. But he soldiered on tenaciously, giving all he had to the revolution in process. We recall one instance of his display of heroic endeavour in the face of daunting domestic problems. In February 1978, his caring and adorable wife, Patience, was terminally ill and on admission at the University Teaching Hospital, Ibadan. But indomitable Onoge managed to write and deliver a first-rate keynote address at the Nigeria-South Africa conference on “Democratic Transitions in Africa” at the Federal Palace Hotels, Lagos. A few days after he returned to Ibadan, Patience, his lovely and comradely wife died. It was truly a difficult moment for Onoge, their four young children, his brother Tuesday, friends and associates. A year later, Onoge was to recall this trauma with consummate communist humour when Darah led the Nigerian delegation to the second edition of the bilateral conferences in Pretoria, South Africa. The experience was all the more significant for Onoge as he shared platforms and robust banter with President Thabo Mbeki in relaxed and convivial occasions. The Nigerian delegation included notable scholars such as Professor Adebayo Adedeji, former Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Africa, Professor Jerry Gana then Minister of African Integration, Professor Jadesola Akande, former Vice-Chancellor of Lagos State University, Professor Bade Onimode, Professor Joy Ogwu of the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs, Baba Oluwide, United Nations economic consultant, and the President of the Nigerian Bar Association, Mrs. Priscillia Kuye. For Onoge and others, the interaction with Mbeki was a lifetime experience that time could not diminish. Last Moments Before Silence A few of Onoge’s last academic outings deserve recalling as we round-off this tributary account. The March 2008 “Darah @ 60 International Conference” that was held at the Wellington Hotel, Effurun, offered him fresh space to enlighten and dazzle his peers in the literary and pro-democracy constituencies who had converged from many universities in Nigeria and abroad. He was a keynote speaker and he chose to address the topic of “When Sociology Invaded Literature at Ibadan”. With considerable difficulty he was able to reminisce on the stormy days when the leftist and bourgeois writers and critics clashed at debates and conferences before the storm of military fascism scattered progressive lecturers and patriots from the country’s Ivory Towers. On August 6 of the same year the Urhobo Studies Association hosted the second edition of the memorial event in honour of Oshue Ogbiyerin and the 1927 anti-tax revolt in Warri Province. The event which was held at Abraka combined that of the 60th anniversary of the death of Chief Mukoro Mowoe of Urhobo, the venerated Nelson Mandela of the western Niger Delta in the 1940s. Onoge chaired the presentations and dance display sessions that lasted for nearly six hours. His very last memorable academic engagement was in the first quarter of 2009. The Uvwie King, His Royal Majesty, Abe I and the Uvwie Traditional Council of which Onoge was a member requested him to prepare a prospectus on how to safeguard Uvwie culture and language from extinction in the face of overwhelming migrant pressure and neocolonial modernisation. Though weak and handicapped in ambulation, Professor Onoge held the audience spell-bound for over four hours during which he provided scientific analysis and multi-media remedies for the preservation of Uvwie culture and civilization. In retrospect, that presentation and the thunderous applause that greeted it would serve as a fitting farewell to one of Africa’s most distinguished Marxist intellectuals. Although his condition did not improve with medication, Onoge kept on the struggle to liberate the Niger Delta and Nigeria. He had hoped that he would regain his health and write his memoirs. But this was not to be. After fruitless visits to several hospitals and clinics in Nigeria financial assistance came from the Government of Delta State for treatment overseas. He was to flown India to seek a cure for a malignant ailment apparently caused by a spine injury he had in Jos many years before. On July 12, 2009, Professor Comrade Omafume Friday Onoge passed on into blissful Elysium of haloed ancestors. As Urhobo dialectics puts it, “AKPO RE-E: Life is an endless continuum and renewal”. And so it will be with our Onoge. Professor Darah and Dr..Awhefeada are of the Department of English and Literary Studies, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
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He subsequently received a Ford Foundation grant which enabled him to continue his studies at the Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States in 1961. He then went on to study International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International Development Studies, in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961-62. In 1971-72, he studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Sloan School of Management where he earned a master’s degree in management. His first point of contact with the UN was as a budget officer for the World Health Organisation in 1962. He later worked in most UN departments in different capacities.The last position he held was Deputy Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations, before he was elected the Secretary-General. READ ALSO: Kofi Annan: Activist who led the UN His election was a turn of good fortune for the world, for Africa, and the UN as an institution. He knew the international system and its nuances inside-out; he had laboured in every nook and cranny of the UN system. He was by nature a humanitarian, a man of courage and convictions. The robust health programmes of the UN, including HIV-AIDS, Malaria, and others, the Global Fund, the Millennium Development Goals, are part of his legacies. He instituted the most ambitious programme to fight poverty ever imagined and being a practical man, he made sure he set the markers in specific terms and because of his work, every year, many more millions would be freed from poverty all over the world. Annan urged the UN to “free our fellow men and women from the abject and dehumanising poverty in which more than 1 billion of them are currently confined.” Conscious of the criticisms of the UN system in the United States and elsewhere, he initiated a total overhaul of UN administration and ensured he brought it into the 21st Century. No other Secretary-General would have been able to do it. He cut costs, straightened out and closed loopholes and made the institution self-accounting. He was allergic to corruption and he stamped it out of the UN system. His reforms assuaged the US critics, especially, the Republicans, who often flattered themselves with the thought the US was paying too much money to the UN. From Darfur to Lebanon through Bosnia to East Timor, Iraq, Afghanistan and the cauldron in the Middle East, the UN Secretary-General’s schedule would turn a young man grey in a year. Because he was a man of principles, he was always certain when to tell people ‘no.’ It is part of his extraordinary gifts that he was able to say no without giving great of- fence. His relationship with the US was based on his courage to help in the peace efforts in Bosnia. The US soured when he warned it not to invade Iraq without obtaining a resolution of the Security Council as demanded by the UN Charter. When he was ignored, he labeled the war illegal which irked the Americans to no end. He didn’t win all the time. His “stubborn optimism” blindsided him on Rwanda. The slaughter of 800,000 men, women and children, in an African country, did not cross his imagination. He tried to make amends by initiating the “Responsibility to Protect” doctrine by which the UN can no longer watch but must act to protect endangered vulnerable communities. He was effective in Nigeria’s transition to civil rule, a service he continued in 2015. He was one of the world’s great leaders. Even after he had retired, the world still tried to enlist him for peace. In Syria, the Arab League nominated him as its representative to try to find a solution in Syria. When he resigned from that position in 2012, it was the first sign that the Syrian War would be long, hard and costly. May his soul rest in peace. READ ALSO: Israel says Assad back in charge, Syrian front likely to be peaceful
7734	dbpedia	2	26	https://connect.agu.org/gss/program/lecturers	en	Virtual Keynote Lecturers	https://higherlogicdownl…king_569x209.jpg		[ "https://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/AGU/29210c35-46d3-4033-b081-2e0ceb158913/UploadedImages/GSS/018_29225_GSS-Logo-Update_HZ_Dates_Working_569x209.jpg", "https://d2x5ku95bkycr3.cloudfront.net/img/loading.gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en	https://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/AGU/29210c35-46d3-4033-b081-2e0ceb158913/UploadedImages/favicon.ico		null	The Geoscience and Society Summit has announced that world-renowned professor of economics and leader in sustainable development, Jeffrey Sachs, Director of the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network, and political scientist, Jane O'Meara Sanders, founder and Fellow of the Sanders Institute, as the virtual co-keynotes for this game-changing event. Professor Sachs, will highlight the importance of how the global science community can play a leading role in developing solutions to some of our greatest challenges; Dr. Sanders will discuss how the Sanders Institute leverages the global science community to inform solutions to major global challenges. Due to prior commitments as well as staying mindful of carbon footprints, both Professor Sachs and Dr. Sanders will be participating virtually. About the GSS Keynote Lecturers Jeffrey D. Sachs is a world-renowned economics professor, bestselling author, innovative educator, and global leader in sustainable development. He is widely recognized for bold and effective strategies to address complex challenges including debt crises, hyperinflations, the transition from central planning to market economies, the control of AIDS, malaria, and other diseases, the escape from extreme poverty, and the battle against human-induced climate change. He is Director of the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network, a commissioner of the UN Broadband Commission for Development, and an SDG Advocate for UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres. From 2001-18, Sachs served as Special Advisor to the UN Secretary General, for Kofi Annan (2001-7), Ban Ki-moon (2008-16), and Antonio Guterres (2017-18). Professor Sachs was the co-recipient of the 2015 Blue Planet Prize, the leading global prize for environmental leadership. He was twice named among Time magazine’s 100 most influential world leaders and has received 28 honorary degrees. The New York Times called Sachs “probably the most important economist in the world,” and Time magazine called Sachs “the world’s best-known economist.” A survey by The Economist ranked Sachs as among the three most influential living economists. Professor Sachs serves as the Director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University. He is University Professor at Columbia University, the university’s highest academic rank. Sachs was Director of the Earth Institute from 2002 to 2016. Sachs has authored and edited numerous books, including three New York Times bestsellers, The End of Poverty (2005), Common Wealth: Economics for a Crowded Planet (2008), and The Price of Civilization (2011). Other books include To Move the World: JFK’s Quest for Peace (2013), The Age of Sustainable Development (2015), Building the New American Economy: Smart, Fair & Sustainable (2017), and most recently A New Foreign Policy: Beyond American Exceptionalism (2018). Prior to joining Columbia, Sachs spent over twenty years as a professor at Harvard University, most recently as the Galen L. Stone Professor of International Trade. A native of Detroit, Michigan, Sachs received his B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. degrees at Harvard. Jane O’Meara Sanders is the Founder of the Sanders Institute and now serves as a Fellow pursuing bold, progressive solutions to economic, environmental, racial and social justice issues. Jane currently serves on the Board of Directors of the Vermont Economic Development Authority. She served as Interim President/Provost of her alma-mater, Goddard College, and as President of Burlington College. A political scientist, Jane has provided educational and political consulting and worked on federal, state and local political campaigns. She also worked in her husband's Congressional office as Chief of Staff and Policy and Press Advisor as a volunteer and has held both appointed and elected office. Family has always been, and continues to be, a very important aspect of Jane’s life. She is married to Senator Bernie Sanders and they have four children and seven grandchildren. Jane earned her Ph.D. in Leadership and Policy Studies from Union Institute & University. She also participated in the Institute for Educational Management and Presidents Seminar, two Harvard University educational leadership programs.
7734	dbpedia	1	73	https://rocketreach.co/kofi-annan-email_1844271	en	Kofi Annan Email & Phone Number	https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/5234a588bbcd19334d565d1e8df25904	https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/5234a588bbcd19334d565d1e8df25904	[ "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/logo/logo_updated.svg", "https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/5234a588bbcd19334d565d1e8df25904", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/landing/profile/arrow.svg", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/landing/profile/arrow.svg", "https://d2gjqh9j26unp0.cloudfront.net/profilepic/bf95313feaeadabeb3dc24e0b513829a", "https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/2a618991337508e55afd389b52880608", "https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/63b72ecbfa0313898f705c1ed202d909", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/profile_pics/v2.1/dppm9.png", "https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/adf324aff5b1fb159433980c99d6f05b", "https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/1546ef9ba142bd8e1f3b13308acf22fe", "https://d2gjqh9j26unp0.cloudfront.net/profilepic/ea92aa115b2fb140e932e06922cc8d28", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/profile_pics/v2.1/dppm1.png", "https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/c69da2fd50260b066d0b287208d6f44a", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/profile_pics/v2.1/dppm0.png", "https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/d4cefa404897d499036ddf3dac4ed99c", "https://d2gjqh9j26unp0.cloudfront.net/profilepic/9e9a3ec92137b68b72bd5f7ff36c6c92", "https://d2gjqh9j26unp0.cloudfront.net/profilepic/876d638a3c261c362551f804f18fc1e2", "https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/profile_pic/sean-samad-860b8413", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/profile_pics/v2.1/dppm9.png", "https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/72ef40c0cdcec1fc9c437e9a33a4cc9c", "https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/d38fb5f6a5318d7266f2baa529ed46d9", "https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/24711ff77f64fcc9517261d066b8c9b3", "https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/5234a588bbcd19334d565d1e8df25904", "https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/profile_pic/corinne-momal-vanian-d957c86a", "https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/e6b8031f9683dfcfd6fcb68f3a3b7f18", "https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/5ccf7c658eb88c1fbff53f7f900f3071", "https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/e2155a6f9c854376f5e9d26a55c4a441", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/profile_pics/v2.1/dppf4.png", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/profile_pics/v2.1/dppm9.png", "https://d1hbpr09pwz0sk.cloudfront.net/profile_pic/sofia-anton-d3f65530", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/profile_pics/v2.1/dppf5.png", "https://d2gjqh9j26unp0.cloudfront.net/profilepic/71d8ce7abdb9d49c904f27f02c0aa733", "https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/45f31e93fc2a7b56d5a71e1975f8e652", "https://s3.amazonaws.com/media.mixrank.com/profilepic/0e840bc99d0f90b2cb5ba6e2ff26f05c", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/landing/landing-page-1-get-free-account-min.png", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/landing/landing-page-2-search-min.png", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/landing/landing-page-3-get-contact-min.png", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/splashRR2018/rankings-icons/LeadMining_UsersMostLikelyToRecommend_Nps.svg", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/splashRR2018/rankings-icons/LeadCapture_Leader_Leader-Badge.svg", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/splashRR2018/rankings-icons/LeadCapture_BestUsability_Total-Badge.svg", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/splashRR2018/rankings-icons/LeadMining_BestRelationship_Total.svg", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/splashRR2018/rankings-icons/talentculture2022.svg", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/splashRR2018/rankings-icons/g2crowd.svg", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/splashRR2018/rankings-icons/chromestore.svg", "https://static.rocketreach.co/images/logo/logo_watermark.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "Kofi Annan email address", "Kofi Annan phone number", "email search", "email lookup", "email address lookup" ]	null	[]	null	Get Kofi Annan's email address (a******@kofiannanfoundation.org) and phone number (212-573-....) at RocketReach. Get 5 free searches.	en	//static.rocketreach.co/images/favicons/apple-icon-57x57.png?v=2020120	RocketReach	https://rocketreach.co/kofi-annan-email_1844271	Redirecting you to the search page. If you're not automatically redirected, please click here
7734	dbpedia	3	85	https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/kofi-annan-academics-key-to-driving-policy-direction	en	Kofi Annan: academics key to driving policy direction	https://www.timeshighere…iness-school.jpg	https://www.timeshighere…iness-school.jpg	[ "https://www.timeshighereducation.com/sites/default/files/styles/the_breaking_news_image_style/public/kofi-annan-in-conversation-imd-business-school.jpg?itok=UiMN6LTQ", "https://www.timeshighereducation.com/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_standard/public/kofi_annan.jpg?itok=8KlNw5Xt", "https://www.timeshighereducation.com/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_standard/public/web-the_290824_p24_fakenews_gettyistock.jpg?itok=GSd82JQR", "https://www.timeshighereducation.com/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_standard/public/the_290824_p06_sheep_alamy_copy.jpg?itok=CZFMyC48", "https://www.timeshighereducation.com/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_standard/public/george_williams.jpg?itok=oE89JY0b", "https://www.timeshighereducation.com/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_standard/public/istock-2162840655.jpg?itok=A0ehlRof", "https://dmp.adform.net/dmp/profile/?pid=10648&sg=DeUr-8da6f5e5", "https://dmp.adform.net/dmp/profile/?pid=10648&sg=AcDi-221", "https://dmp.adform.net/dmp/profile/?pid=10648&sg=AcLo-606252", "https://track.adform.net/Serving/TrackPoint/?pm=711826" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "John Elmes" ]	2016-07-14T00:00:00	Former UN secretary general insists that scholars have to make politicians listen in order to influence change	en	https://www.timeshighereducation.com/sites/default/themes/custom/the_responsive/favicon.ico	Times Higher Education (THE)	https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/kofi-annan-academics-key-to-driving-policy-direction	Kofi Annan, the former secretary general of the United Nations, has called on academics to use their expertise to help guide policymakers in challenging times. Mr Annan made the comments during his keynote appearance at the Orchestrating Winning Performance conference held at IMD Business School in Lausanne, Switzerland. Responding to a question from Times Higher Education, Mr Annan said that academics could “make [politicians] listen” to influence change for the good. When asked about the importance of the knowledge economy and how crucial business school education and tertiary education was for our future prosperity, Mr Annan recalled a conversation about influencing public policy that he had had with Nicholas Negroponte, the computer scientist, academic and founder of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Media Lab. “I was at the MIT Media Lab, their 30th anniversary; he was telling me all the things they were doing, the inventions they were coming up with, the world they were going to change,” Mr Annan said. “And so I asked him: ‘Are you talking to politicians? Are you talking to local government authorities? Are you preparing them for the changes?’ “He said, ‘Yes, we are telling them, but they don’t always listen.’ You have to make them listen, and you [academics] are able to do that.” Mr Annan asked whether national leaders and experts were preparing for future uncertainty, and told his audience, mainly members of the business community, that those “privileged to get the sort of education you have” should be looking ahead. “At the level of society or countries, are the leaders thinking about it? Are the social scientists thinking about the implication of the changes that are coming?” he asked. “And if we’re not thinking about it, what do we do when we suddenly realise it’s on top of us? What sort of crisis are we going to face? “You have influence with politicians. Raise awareness and get them to think ahead and look at some of the changes we’re going to face and engage them.”
7734	dbpedia	3	9	http://crosswordtracker.com/clue/kofi-annan-alma-mater/	en	Kofi Annan alma mater			[ "http://crosswordtracker.com/generated/images/logo-e27e5c2247a859f1caf113767b6d43dde7d441a5.png", "http://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-2eoiTxGbtrX-o.gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Kofi Annan alma mater is a crossword puzzle clue	en	/generated/images/apple-touch-icon-9c0a4f7731f0059966759f571caafd9347836950.png	Crossword Tracker	null	Clue: Kofi Annan alma mater Kofi Annan alma mater is a crossword puzzle clue that we have spotted 2 times. There are related clues (shown below). Referring crossword puzzle answers Likely related crossword puzzle clues Recent usage in crossword puzzles:
7734	dbpedia	3	93	https://www.tiktok.com/%40khobbygharzy07/video/7385284860979563782	en	Make Your Day			[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en			null
7734	dbpedia	1	65	https://powerofafrica.com/tpost/jl46vhnm81-inside-africa-kwame-university-of-scienc	en	INSIDE AFRICA: KWAME UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, GHANA	https://static.tildacdn.…20307-WA0005.jpg	https://static.tildacdn.…20307-WA0005.jpg	[ "https://static.tildacdn.com/tild3465-3730-4163-a538-316637633738/IMG-20220307-WA0005.jpg", "https://static.tildacdn.com/tild3934-3664-4536-a631-666539613536/IMG-20220307-WA0011.jpg", "https://static.tildacdn.com/tild3734-6432-4462-a231-373162396361/IMG-20220307-WA0012.jpg", "https://static.tildacdn.com/tild6139-6331-4337-a561-646335323866/IMG-20220307-WA0004.jpg", "https://static.tildacdn.com/tild6162-3736-4631-b665-616636396330/IMG-20220307-WA0010.jpg", "https://static.tildacdn.com/tild3261-3932-4534-a438-326532323961/IMG-20220307-WA0009.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2022-03-07T14:01:00+03:00	Inside KNUST CAMPUS				https://powerofafrica.com/tpost/jl46vhnm81-inside-africa-kwame-university-of-scienc
7734	dbpedia	2	67	https://www.ifpma.org/events/24th-ifpma-assembly/	en	24th IFPMA Assembly	https://www.ifpma.org/wp…cial-preview.png	https://www.ifpma.org/wp…cial-preview.png	[ "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/vaccinesforlife-initiative-header-1080x680-1-255x161.webp", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/campaign-img-initiative-alwaysinnovating-255x161@2x-255x161.webp", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/GHP-Relaunch-SocialBanners-Menu-255x161.webp", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Carol-Adelman.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Jorge-Amigo.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Paul-Anthony.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Richard-Bagger.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Alessandro-Banchi.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Richard-Barker.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Thomas-Barker.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Richard-Bergstrom.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Peter-Brabeck-Letmathe.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Craig-Brammer.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_John-Breaux.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Shing-Chang.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Richard-Clark.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Thomas-Cueni-190x190.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Vicki-Ehrich.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Alicia-Greenidge.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Fred-Hassan.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Karen-Ignagni.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Michel-Kazatchkine.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Hannah-Kettler.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_William-Kingsmill.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Elaine-Leavenworth.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_John-Lechleiter.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Klaus-Leisinger.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Bernard-Lemoine.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Trent-Lott.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Mark-McClellan.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Haruo-Naito.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Richard-Nduhuura.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Gilles-Pajot.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Rosanna-Peeling.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Swati-Piramal.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Geralyn-Ritter.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Jeffrey-Sachs.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Julian-Schweitzer.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Robert-Sebbag.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Bennett-Shapiro.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Mae-Shieh.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Billy-Tauzin.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Russell-Williams.jpg", "https://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/i2023_Weibo-Zhang.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2008-11-18T13:46:26+00:00	Improving Global Health Outcomes through Innovation and Better Access	en	https://www.ifpma.org/wp…icon-1-32x32.png	IFPMA	https://www.ifpma.org/events/24th-ifpma-assembly/	Date 18 - 19 November 2008 Time 08:00 to 17:00 Location Ritz Carlton Pentagon City Attendance This event has now passed. To browse our upcoming events click here. Improving Global Health Outcomes through Innovation and Better Access Program Tuesday, 18 November 2008 All panels are in Salon I & II (Ballroom level) Lunches are in Salon III (Ballroom level) The Assembly Reception & Dinner will take place at the Embassy of Italy 8:00 AM Registration Desk Opens 12:30 AM - 2:00 PM Opening Lunch Welcome Remarks Mr. Fred Hassan, Chairman & CEO, Schering-Plough; President, IFPMA Prof. Jeffrey Sachs, Director, the Earth Institute Mr. Richard T. Clark, Chairman & CEO, Merck & Co., Inc; President, PhRMA Mme Alicia D. Greenidge, Director General, IFPMA 2:00 PM - 2:45 PM Panel 1: “How can innovation advance health care?” Thomas Cueni, Secretary General, Interpharma, Switzerland (Moderator) Mr. Craig Brammer, Institute for the Study of Health, University of Cincinatti Dr. Ben Shapiro, Partner – PureTech Ventures and Board Chair, DNDi North America Mr. Haruo Naito, Vice President, IFPMA & President and CEO, Eisai 2:45 PM - 3:00 PM Break 3:00 PM - 4:15 PM Panel 2: “What is needed to achieve the millennium development goals in health?” Bernard Lemoine, Executive President, Les Entreprises du Médicament (LEEM), France (Moderator) H.E. Prof. Peter Anyang’ Nyong’o, Minister of Medical Services, Kenya H.E. Dr. Richard Nduhuura, Minister of State for Health, Uganda Mr. William Kingsmill, Acting Director, Policy & Research, Department for International Development, UK Dr. Alessandro Banchi, Chairman, Boehringer Ingelheim 4:15 PM - 4:30 PM Break 4:30 PM - 5:30 PM Panel 3: “How are emerging countries promoting a climate for innovation to foster economic development and improved health?” Ms. Vicki Ehrich, Chief Operating Officer, PIASA, South Africa (Moderator) Mr. Zhang Weibo, Director, Pharmaceutical & Biological Invention Review, SIPO, P.R. China Mr. Jorge Amigo, Director General, Mexican Institute of Industrial Property Dr. Swati Piramal, Director, Strategic Alliances, Piramal Healthcare Ltd, India Ms. Geralyn Ritter, Vice President, Global Public Policy, Merck & Co., Inc. 6:30 PM - 10:00 PM Reception & Dinner (Italian Embassy) Opening Remarks Mr. Billy Tauzin, President & CEO, PhRMA Keynote Speaker Dr. Mark B. McClellan, Director, Engelberg Center for Health Care Reform, USA 7:30 AM - 8:45 AM Breakfast Briefing: “Global Health Progress Initiative” (Ballroom Salon III) Dr. Paul Anthony, Executive Director, Global Health Progress 9:00 AM - 9:30 AM Keynote Speakers H.E. Mme Chantal Compaoré, First Lady for Burkina Faso, Honorary President of Synergies Africaines Prof. Michel Kazatchkine, Executive Director, Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and Malaria 9:30 AM - 10:30 AM Panel 4: “How to help build capacity and improve access to safe and quality health care in developing countries?” Dr. Robert Sebbag, Vice-President, Access to Medicines, sanofi-aventis (Moderator) Mr. Julian Schweitzer, Director of Health, The World Bank Prof. Klaus M. Leisinger, President & Executive Director, Novartis Foundation for Sustainable Development Ms. Elaine Leavenworth, Vice President Government Affairs, Abbott Laboratories 10:30 AM - 10:45 AM Briefing: “IFPMA – bolstering sustainable industry responses in Geneva” Mme Alicia D. Greenidge, Director General, IFPMA 10:45 AM - 11:00 AM Break 11:00 AM - 12:00 PM Panel 5: “Can the public and private sectors complement each other in providing effective, sustainable and transparent health care in the United States?” Mr. Russell Williams, President, Canada’s Research-Based Pharmaceutical Companies, Canada (Moderator) Mr. Thomas R. Barker, Acting General Counsel, Department of Health and Human Services Ms. Karen Ignagni, President and CEO, American Health Insurance Plans Mr. John Lechleiter, President & CEO, Lilly 12:00 PM - 1:30 PM Luncheon & Keynote Speakers Senators John Breaux and Trent Lott, The Breaux Lott Leadership Group 1:30 PM - 2:00 PM IFPMA President’s Address Mr. Fred Hassan, Chairman & CEO, Schering-Plough; President IFPMA 2:00 PM - 2:30 PM Keynote Speaker Mr. Peter Brabeck-Letmathe, Chairman of the Board of Directors, Nestlé S.A 2:30 PM - 3:15 PM Panel 6: “What are industry corporate social responsibility actions delivering today?” Mr. Richard Bergstrom, Director General, Läkemedelsindustrieföreningen (LIF), Sweden (Moderator) Dr. Hannah Kettler, Global Health Policy and Finance, The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Dr. Carol C. Adelman, Director, Center for Global Prosperity, Hudson Institute, USA Mr. Rich Bagger, Senior Vice President, Worldwide Public Affairs and Policy, Pfizer 3:15 PM - 3:30 PM Break 3:30 PM - 4:30 PM Panel 7: “Can R&D partnerships address all unmet developing world health needs?” Dr. Richard Barker, Director General, Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, UK (Moderator) Dr. Rosanna Peeling, Coordinator, Neglected Priority Needs Research, TDR Dr. Shing Chang, R&D Director, Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative Ms. Mae Shieh, Head, Business Development & Partnerships, Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health 4:30 PM - 5:00 PM Global Pharmaceutical Market Update Mr. Gilles Pajot, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, IMS Health Inc. Speakers Carol Adelman Director of the Center for Global Prosperity, Hudson Institute Dr. Carol Adelman, director of the Center for Global Prosperity at the Hudson Institute, publishes the annual Index of Global Philanthropy, a guide to private philanthropy and remittance flows abroad. She served as an Assistant Administrator at USAID in charge of foreign aid to Asia, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. Dr. Adelman was vice chair of the H.E.L.P Commission, a bipartisan commission to reform foreign aid, and is vice chair of an advisory committee to USAID. She writes on global philanthropy and economic development in The New York Times, Foreign Affairs, Wall Street Journal, International Herald Tribune, and technical journals. Dr. Adelman is a vice chairman of the Atlantic Council and member of the Council on Foreign Relations. She holds a doctorate in Public Health from Johns Hopkins University, a Masters in Foreign Service from Georgetown University, and a B.A. from the University of Colorado. Jorge Amigo Head of the Mexican delegation for intellectual property matters Jorge Amigo has a BA in economics from Anahuac University and an MA from the University of the Americas. Between 1970 and 1984, he was Relations Manager at the Banco de Comercio, Marketing Manager for Jeffrey Manufacturera Mexicana, a material handling manufacturer and General Manager of Menite Metal de México, an iron foundry. He entered public service in 1984, with positions including Director of Economic Evaluation at the Ministry of Commerce (1986); Technical Secretary of the National Foreign Investment Commission (1989); Director General of Foreign Investment (1990-1992). In 1993, he became Director General of Technological Development of the Ministry of Commerce and in 1994, Mr. Amigo was appointed by President Ernesto Zedillo to his current position as Director General of the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property. Mr. Amigo headed the Mexican delegation for the negotiation of the Investment Chapter of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Since 1993, he has been Head of the Mexican delegation for intellectual property matters, in negotiations of Free Trade Agreements and in fora such as WIPO, FTAA and APEC. In all of the latter bodies, he has been elected or appointed to leadership positions. He is a member of the National College of Economists, teaches at his alma mater and has published extensively. Paul Anthony Chief Medical Officer, Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) Paul Antony, MD, MPH is Chief Medical Officer at the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA), and is its principal advocate on all health care and medical policy issues. Dr. Antony is board-certified by the American Board of Preventive Medicine and joined PhRMA after serving in the U.S. Navy as Flight Surgeon and Senior Medical Officer for the Marine One Presidential Helicopter Squadron. He received his Doctor of Medicine and Master of Public Health degrees from the George Washington University Medical Center and now serves on its faculty in the department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine. Prior to attending medical school, he earned an MBA from Harvard Business School, and received a Bachelor of Science degree in biomedical engineering from Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Antony was a 1993-1994 White House Fellow serving in the Executive Office of the President. He continues to treat patients as a reservist in the U.S. Navy and is a member of the American Medical Association and the American College of Preventive Medicine. Richard Bagger Head of Worldwide Public Affairs and Policy, Pfizer Rich Bagger heads Worldwide Public Affairs and Policy for Pfizer, with responsibility for public policy, government relations, international public affairs, corporate responsibility, philanthropy and stakeholder advocacy. Prior to joining Pfizer in 1993, he was Assistant General Counsel of Blue Cross and Blue Shield of New Jersey, and practiced law with McCarter and English. He was Chairman of the Appropriations Committee and Majority Conference Leader in the New Jersey General Assembly. In 2001, he was elected to the New Jersey Senate and served there until 2003. He is Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Healthcare Institute of New Jersey, and serves on the Board of Trustees of the United States Chamber of Commerce, the New Jersey Performing Arts Center, the United Hospital Fund, Kean University and the Westfield United Way. He received an A.B. degree from Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and a J.D. degree from Rutgers University Law School. Alessandro Banchi Member of the Board of Managing Directors, Boehringer Ingelheim Dr. Banchi joined the Boehringer Ingelheim Italian organisation in the marketing and sales department in 1973. He worked for BI USA Corporation 1985 to1986 and the returned to Italy, where he was appointed Managing Director of Boehringer Ingelheim Italia S.p.A in 1991. From 1992 he headed Boehringer Ingelheim Group in Italy as Country Manager. Since January 1st, 2000 he has been a Member of the Board of Managing Directors of Boehringer Ingelheim, responsible for the Corporate Board Division Pharma Marketing and Sales. As of January 1st, 2004 he became Chairman of the Board of Managing Directors. At the moment, Dr. Banchi is Vice-President of the Council of IFPMA (International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations ) and Member of the Board of EFPIA (European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations). Richard Barker Director General, the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) Richard is Director General of the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, and a board member of EFPIA and council member of IFPMA. His priorities include boosting the UK and Europe as a global leader in pharmaceutical innovation, strengthening the partnership between the industry and the Health Service, increasing patient engagement and access to new medicines in the UK and globally, and ensuring that the industry’s external image reflects its major contribution to health and economic prosperity. He is Chairman of Stem Cells for Safer Medicines, a public-private partnership developing stem cell technology for predicting the safety profile of new medicines. He is a Board member of Datapharm Communications, a company bringing on-line medicines information to UK prescribers and patients. He is also a member of the Ministerial Strategy Group for the industry, the NHS National Leadership Network and Stakeholder Forum, and Vice-Chairman of the UK Clinical Research Consortium and of its Advisory Board on Connecting for Health. He is a stakeholder in the TB Alliance, which is developing new medicines for this devastating condition. Thomas Barker Acting General Counsel, US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Thomas R. Barker is Acting General Counsel of the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), overseeing all legal matters affecting HHS and its agencies, including the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS); the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, (ONC); and the Office of Civil Rights (OCR). Mr. Barker supervises a staff of 450 attorneys and is responsible for the legal accuracy of all regulations issued by the Department and its agencies, and the conduct of all litigation to which the Department is a party. Prior to assuming this role in May 2008, he was senior policy advisor to the Secretary of HHS from 2005, Deputy General Counsel of HHS, responsible for the CMS Division of OGC (2003-05) and Health Policy Counselor to the Administrator of CMS (2001-03). From 1992-2001, Mr. Barker was a health policy analyst and regulatory counsel for the Massachusetts Hospital Association. Mr. Barker is also an assistant professor of health law at the George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services in Washington, D.C. and a member of the adjunct faculty of Suffolk University School of Law. He teaches courses in Medicare and Medicaid law; tax law issues in health care; and introductory health law. Richard Bergstrom Director-General, LIF, the Swedish Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry Richard Bergstrom has an MScPharm from the University of Uppsala, Sweden. Until 1992 he worked at the Medical Products Agency as Assistant Head of Registration. He then worked for nine years ins Switzerland in regulatory affairs at Roche and Novartis. Currently, he is Director-General of LIF, the Swedish Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry, Member of the Board of the European association EFPIA, and of the Council of the IFPMA. Mr Bergstrom is particularly involved in policies relating to health technology assessment (HTA) and marketing codes. In the latter area he serves as chair of the IFPMA Code Compliance Network and chair of the EFPIA Code Steering Committee. In Sweden, he has been appointed by the Government to the Board of the Karolinska Institute. He has also been appointed advisor to the World Health Organization in Geneva in the project for good governance in the health sector. Peter Brabeck-Letmathe Chairman, Nestlé S.A. Born in Austria in 1944, Peter Brabeck-Letmathe completed his studies in Economics at the University of World Trade in Vienna and joined Nestlé Austria in 1968. His international career included almost 10 years in Chile. In 1981, he was appointed Managing Director of Nestlé Ecuador, in 1983, President and Managing Director of Nestlé Venezuela. In 1987, he transferred to the international headquarters as Senior Vice President responsible for the Culinary Products Division. In 1992 he was appointed Executive Vice President of Nestlé S.A. with worldwide leadership of strategic business groups while simultaneously being in charge of Marketing, Communications and Public Affairs. At the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders in 1997, he was elected Member of the Board of Directors and CEO of Nestlé S.A. In 2001 he was elected Vice-Chairman of the Board, in 2005 Chairman of the Board and in 2008, he handed over the office of CEO and is now Chairman of Nestlé S.A. Craig Brammer Senior Research Associate, Institute for the Study of Health at the University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center Craig Brammer is Senior Research Associate with the Institute for the Study of Health at the University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, where he is currently Director of Aligning Forces for Quality: The Regional Market Project (Cincinnati, OH), one of 14 in the United States to align incentives, engage consumers and measure performance for improving healthcare quality. Mr. Brammer recently served as Principal Investigator in studies to assist the Ohio Department of Jobs and Family Services in the design of Ohio Medicaid’s pay-for-performance (P4P) strategy, including evaluating metrics for appropriateness in Medicaid, surveying health plans on their P4P approach, and working with physicians and other stakeholders on P4P design characteristics. He previously authored studies for the Institute of Medicine, National Rural Health Association and others on performance measurement and practice redesign. Mr. Brammer is Co-Director of the Humana/University of Cincinnati Physician Leadership Program; Co-Principal Investigator for multiple grants and projects on medical education in healthcare improvement at the University of Cincinnati; and leads the Institute’s Health Policy Forum seminar series. John Breaux Former Senator, US Senator John Breaux’s career in Congress began when he was elected to the House of Representatives in 1972 at the age of 28, for the 7th District of Louisiana, and was elected to fill Senator Russell Long’s seat in 1986. Senator Breaux was a recognized bipartisan leader and in 1993 was elected Democratic Deputy Minority Whip, a position he held until his retirement. A senior member of the Finance Committee, Senator Breaux served as the Chairman of the Subcommittee on Social Security and Family Policy. He also held positions on the Subcommittees on Health Care and on Taxation and IRS Oversight. On the Finance Committee, he helped pass welfare reform and health insurance reform bills, reduce capital gains tax and provide tax relief for college education expenses. As Chairman of the Special Committee on Aging, Senator Breaux helped protect and strengthen Social Security, Medicare, and other programs. In 1998 he was selected to chair the National Bipartisan Commission on the Future of Medicare. Also in 1998, Senator Breaux co-chaired the National Commission on Retirement Policy, which produced legislation to help reform Social Security. He served as Co-Chair of the Oil and Gas Caucus and helped write the 2005 Energy Bill. Senator Breaux was active in advancing legislation to promote domestic oil and gas production, and was a Co-Sponsor of the Marginal Well Preservation Act, a tax-incentive program to encourage oil production from marginal oil wells. He was also a principal author of the Outer Continental Shelf Land Act. Senator Breaux was a founder of the Centrist Coalition of Senate Democrats and Republicans and served as Chairman of the Democratic Leadership Council. In 2005 President George W. Bush appointed Senator Beaux as the Co-Chair of the President’s Advisory Panel on Federal Tax Reform. Upon retirement from the Senate in 2005, Senator Breaux joined Patton Boggs as Senior Counsel. In 2008, Senator Breaux joined forces with former Senator Trent Lott to form the Breaux Lott Leadership Group, providing advice on public policy matters, especially health care and energy. Shing Chang R&D Director, DNDi Dr. Shing Chang joined DNDi as R&D Director in October 2007. In this position he is responsible for building DNDi’s project portfolio and advance the discovery and development of new treatments for neglected diseases. Prior to joining DNDi, Dr. Chang was Senior Vice President, Drug Discovery and Chief Scientific Officer at ICOS Corporation. From 1991 to 2006, Dr. Chang held various management positions at Abbott Laboratories in diagnostics and pharmaceutical research, including 7 years as Divisional Vice President, Infectious Disease Research. In 1978, he joined Cetus Corporation as one of its first molecular biologists. Dr. Chang held various positions at Cetus including Vice President, Preclinical and Development, a position he held until 1991. Dr. Chang completed post doctoral fellowships at the University of Wisconsin and Stanford University. He received his Ph.D. in molecular biology and biochemistry from the University of California, Santa Barbara and his Bachelor of Science in biology from Fu-Jen Catholic University in Chinese Taipei. Richard Clark President and CEO, Merck & Co., Inc. Richard T. Clark has been President and CEO of Merck & Co., Inc. since May 2005, and Chairman of the Board since April 2007. Mr. Clark joined Merck in 1972 as a Quality Control Inspector, and progressed through a series of increasingly responsible roles in production, new products planning, industrial engineering and management engineering, becoming Vice President, Materials Management and Management Engineering in 1991. In 1993, Mr. Clark was appointed Vice President, Procurement and Materials Management. He became Vice President of North American Operations for the Merck Manufacturing Division in 1994 and Senior Vice President in 1996. In 1997, he was appointed Senior Vice President of Quality and Commercial Affairs. Later that year, Mr. Clark joined the Merck-Medco Managed Care subsidiary as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. He later served as Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of the newly named Medco Health Solutions, overseeing plans to prepare that organization to become a publicly traded company. He returned to the Merck Manufacturing Division as President in June 2003. In April 2008, Mr. Clark was elected board chairman of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA), which represents the country’s leading pharmaceutical research and biotechnology companies. Mr. Clark earned his bachelor’s degree in Liberal Arts from Washington & Jefferson College, and his M.B.A. from American University. He served as a Lieutenant in the U.S. Army from 1970 to 1972 before joining Merck. Chantal Compaoré First Lady of Burkina Faso Chantal Compaoré, First Lady of Burkina Faso, is the wife of Blaise Compaoré who became President in 1987. She is active in Burkina Faso and Africa, leading philanthropic activities to help women and children, and to fight HIV/AIDS. Mme Compaoré created the Suka Foundation in 1999 to help children, notably thought the SOS Children village in Ziniaré, in which CFA 500 million has been invested to date. Suka also helps vaccinate against polio and tetanus, and works to increase tolerance for maladjusted children. Mme Compaoré has also been a driving force behind the building of schools. Mme Compaoré is honorary president of Synergies Africaines, an association of African First Ladies which works to diminish the impact of HIV/AIDS within the continent. Synergies helps patients to live with their disease, and encourages them to use experiences to help educate others about its dangers. The Suka Foundation also helps with prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS, and also helps to treat children with AIDS. Mme Compaoré is also active on behalf of the Biya Foundation, which works to increase HIV testing. Mme Compaoré also strives to improve the lives of women. In 2005, she created a women’s house in Balé for vulnerable women, and she works to improve girls’ literacy, to motivate parents to educate their daughters and to encourage better treatment of women. She also helps the Karité organization to provide assistance to underprivileged women. Thomas Thomas Cueni Secretary General, Interpharma Thomas B. Cueni is Secretary General of Interpharma, the association of the Swiss pharmaceutical research companies. Mr. Cueni is a member of the Board of the European Federation of the Pharmaceutical Industries’ Associations (EFPIA) and is on various committees of the IFPMA. Mr. Cueni also serves on the Swiss Federal Medicines Committee, an advisory body to the Swiss Government. Prior joining Interpharma, Mr. Cueni worked as a journalist for two Swiss newspapers. In 1983, Mr. Cueni joined the Swiss Foreign Service as a career diplomat with postings in Vienna at the Swiss Mission to the United Nations, the International Atomic Energy Agency, and the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation, and in Paris, where he was a member of the Swiss Delegation to the OECD. Mr. Cueni has a degree in economics (University of Basle) and a post-graduate degree in politics (M.Sc.) from the London School of Economics. Vicki Ehrich Chief Operating Officer, Pharmaceutical Industry Association of South Africa (PIASA) Vicki Ehrich is Chief Operating Officer of the Pharmaceutical Industry Association of South Africa (PIASA), representing multinational and local pharmaceutical companies. As COO of the former Pharmaceutical Manufacturers’ Association since February 2004, Vicki helped form PIASA, which is a member IFPMA. Before that, Vicki was Director, Corporate Affairs, at GlaxoSmithKline South Africa, responsible for government affairs, external communications, internal communications, community relations and corporate social investment. During her 15 years with GSK, Vicki held various positions including Marketing Director, Director of Business Development and, more recently, Director of Corporate Affairs. Vicki also spent 2 years with GSK Corporate Communications in the UK, as Director, External Affairs HIV/AIDS, responsible for the Positive Action Programme, supporting communities affected by HIV/AIDS, and was extensively involved in access to medicines issues. Vicki has worked for four pharmaceutical companies, ranging from multinationals to South African generic companies. Vicki has a BCom (Hons) degree from the former University of Port Elizabeth now Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Alicia Greenidge Director General, IFPMA Alicia Greenidge was appointed Director General of the IFPMA in June 2008. She has more than 15 years experience in bilateral and multilateral negotiations with governments in the Americas, Africa, Asia, Pacific, Middle East, and Europe, working largely for the Office of the United States Trade Representative in Washington and in Geneva. She served as Assistant Deputy Chief of Mission and Senior Counsel in Geneva for the last 8 years. She contributed to many settlements before the World Trade Organization, notably the Public Health Declaration and subsequent agreements concerning local pharmaceutical manufacturing in developing countries. She also worked on issues on the relationship between the Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS), and the Convention on Biodiversity and agreements on Least Developed Country matters under TRIPS. Since 1998, she also has interacted with, and advised on issues before, other inter-governmental organizations, such as WHO (including infant formula, health personnel, IGWG issues and the IGM on virus sharing and access to vaccines), UNAIDS, WIPO, UNCTAD and others. In addition, she has engaged constructively with several non-governmental organizations in Geneva. She has a Juris Doctorate from Boston College, a Master’s degree in Public International Law & International Development Economics from the American University, and a Bachelor’s degree in International Relations and Sociology from C.W. Post College/LIU. Fred Hassan Chairman of the board and Chief Executive Officer, Schering-Plough Corporation Fred Hassan is chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Schering-Plough Corporation. He was elected President of the IFPMA in October 2006. Prior to joining Schering-Plough in April 2003 and assuming his current position, Mr. Hassan was chairman and chief executive officer of Pharmacia Corporation. He joined the former Pharmacia & Upjohn in May 1997 as chief executive officer and was elected to the Board of Directors. In February 2001, Mr. Hassan was named chairman of the Board of Pharmacia. Previously, Mr. Hassan was executive vice president of Wyeth, formerly known as American Home Products, with responsibility for its pharmaceutical and medical products business. He was elected to Wyeth’s Board of Directors in 1995. Mr. Hassan also spent 17 years with Sandoz Pharmaceuticals (now Novartis) and headed its U.S. pharmaceuticals business. He is the past chairman of the Board of Directors of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) and is the immediate past chairman of the HealthCare Institute of New Jersey. Karen Ignagni President and Chief Executive Officer, America’s Health Insurance Plans (AHIP) Karen Ignagni is President and Chief Executive Officer of America’s Health Insurance Plans (AHIP), representing members that provide health care, long-term care, dental and disability benefits to more than 200 million Americans. AHIP was formed in 2003 after a merger of the Health Insurance Association of America and the American Association of Health Plans. Ms Ignagni led the latter body since 1993. Ranked by the Hill Newspaper as one of Washington’s most effective lobbyists, Ms. Ignagni regularly testifies before Congress and has published numerous articles. Prior to joining AAHP, Ms. Ignagni directed the AFL-CIO’s Department of Employee Benefits. In the 1980s, she was a Professional Staff Member on the U.S. Senate Labor and Human Resources Committee, preceded by work at the Committee for National Health Insurance and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Michel Kazatchkine Executive Director, Global Fund to fight AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria Professor Michel D. Kazatchkine became Executive Director of the Global Fund to fight AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria in 2007. He has spent the past 25 years fighting AIDS as a leading physician, researcher, administrator, advocate, policy maker, and diplomat. He studied at Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, the Pasteur Institute, St Mary’s hospital, London and Harvard Medical School, and was Professor of Immunology at Université René Descartes and Head of the Immunology Unit of the Georges Pompidou Hospital in Paris. He has authored or coauthored of over 500 articles, on subjects such as auto-immunity, immuno-intervention and pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS. Dr. Kazatchkine was Director of the National Agency for Research on AIDS (ANRS) in France (1998-2005), French Ambassador for HIV/AIDS and communicable diseases (2005-2007), Vice-Chair of the Board of the Global Fund (2005-2006), first Chair of the Technical Review Panel of the Global Fund (2002- 2005), Chair of the WHO’s Strategic and Technical Advisory Committee on HIV/AIDS (2004-2007), and a member of the WHO’s Scientific and Technical Advisory Group on tuberculosis (2004-2007). While recognizing the enormous challenges of tackling HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria globally, Dr. Kazatchkine believes that the progress made in recent years, particularly through programs supported by the Global Fund, presents enormous opportunities. He also emphasizes the importance of partnerships. Hannah Kettler Economist and Senior Program Officer, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Hannah Kettler is an economist and senior program officer on the Global Health Advocacy team at the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. She is responsible for projects to secure adequate financing and a supportive policy environment for global health product innovation and introduction. Much of her work is focused on designing of financial incentives and business models to encourage greater private sector company engagement. Prior to joining the Gates Foundation in 2003, Hannah led a two year Rockefeller Foundation funded project titled “Biotechnology and Global Health” at the Institute for Global Health at the University of California San Francisco. The work motivated BIO and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to establish BioVentures for Global Health in 2004. Between 1998 and 2001 Hannah worked as the Senior Industrial Economist for the Office of Health Economics (OHE) in London. Hannah has a PhD in Industrial Economics from the University of Notre Dame. William Kingsmill Acting Director, UK government’s Department for International Development (DFID) William Kingsmill is currently Acting Director of the Policy and Research Division of the UK government’s Department for International Development (DFID) based in London. Prior to this he held the post of Head of DFID’s Growth and Investment Group and was Head of DFID’s office in Nigeria. Previous posts he has held in DFID have included Head of Private Sector Policy Department and Head of Economic Policy and Research Department. He has worked for DFID in the Caribbean and in East Africa. He has also worked for the European Commission, working on the design and implementation of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, and for the Government of Botswana as an Economic Adviser. Elaine Leavenworth Vice President, Government Affairs, Abbott Elaine Leavenworth serves as Vice President, Government Affairs for Abbott, a global, broad-based health care company. She is responsible for International, Federal and State efforts to identify, assess and address regulatory, administrative and legislative proposals and actions that will impact the company and patients. Leavenworth joined Abbott in 1991 and has held various commercial management positions in Abbott’s Nutrition, International and Health Systems divisions. She was elected to her position as a corporate officer in July 1999. Prior to joining Abbott, Leavenworth was a principal with the consulting firm Louden & Company, where her work focused on marketing and strategy assignments for health care providers, suppliers, investors and associations. While at Louden & Company, she also published numerous articles and several books on the health care market. Leavenworth also held marketing positions at G.D. Searle & Co. and American Hospital Supply Corporation. John Lechleiter President and Chief Executive Officer, Eli Lilly and Company John Lechleiter, Ph.D., was named president and chief executive officer of Eli Lilly and Company in April 2008. John earned a bachelor of science degree in chemistry at Xavier University (Cincinnati) and master’s and doctoral degree in organic chemistry at Harvard University. He joined Lilly in 1979 as a senior organic chemist and subsequently held a number of management positions in Lilly Research Laboratories. He is a member of the American Chemical Society. In 2004, he was appointed to the Visiting Committee of Harvard Business School and to the Health Policy and Management Executive Council of the Harvard School of Public Health. He also serves as a member of the Board of Trustees of Xavier University. In addition, he is a distinguished advisor of The Children’s Museum of Indianapolis, a member of the board of directors and executive committee of Fairbanks Institute, and a member of the United Way of Central Indiana board of directors. He also serves on the board of Indianapolis Downtown, Inc. Klaus Leisinger Chief Executive Officer and President of the Board of Trustees, Novartis Foundation for Sustainable Development Klaus Leisinger is Chief Executive Officer and President of the Board of Trustees of the Novartis Foundation for Sustainable Development, which has consultative status with the Social and Economic Council of the United Nations. In addition, he is Professor of Sociology at the University of Basel where he teaches business ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility, as well as Human Rights and Business. Leisinger served as guest professor at several Swiss and German universities, as well as at the University of Notre Dame, the MIT Sloan School of Management (Cambridge), and Harvard University. He is a member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts. Leisinger has held advisory positions in the United Nations Global Compact, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the World Bank (CGIAR), Asian Development Bank as well as Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA). Among others, he chairs of the Board of Trustees of the German Network Business Ethics. Leisinger served as “Special Advisor of the United Nations Secretary General for the UN Global Compact” for Kofi Annan, 2005-07. Bernard Lemoine Executive Vice President, Les Entreprises du Médicament (LEEM) Since 1998, Bernard Lemoine has been Executive Vice President of the French pharmaceutical industry association, which is now known as Les Entreprises du Médicament (LEEM). From 1979 to 1988, he was International Affairs Director, then Deputy Director General of Fournier Laboratories. Bernard Lemoine is a member of the Council for the Future of Health Insurance, of the French Health Care System Accounts Commission, of the Council for Transparency in Health Insurance Statistics, and a board member of the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations and IFPMA. Dr. Lemoine has been instrumental in creating the public-private architecture for pharmaceutical regulation which has made of France the leading market for medicines in Europe. He has a Doctorate in Law and a PhD in Management. Trent Lott Former Senator, US In 2007, US Senator Trent Lott left the US Congress where he worked for the people of Mississippi for 35 years. As the House Republican Whip in 1981, he forged the bipartisan alliance that enacted President Ronald Reagan’s economic recovery program and his national security initiatives. Elected to the Senate in 1988, he opposed the tax increase forced on President Bush in 1990. Becoming Senate Majority Leader in 1996, with House Speaker Newt Gingrich, he enacted his historic welfare reform bill of 1996. The next year, Lott, Gingrich and congressional Budget Committee chairmen John Kasich and Pete Domenici together produced an historic budget and tax cut agreement that limited some federal spending. As the Republican Leader during the first two years of President George W. Bush’s administration, Senator Lott led the fight for passage of the President’s tax cut package, the President’s landmark education reform bill, the largest increase in defense spending since the Cold War, the most significant trade legislation in a decade, and the resolution supporting the President on military action in Iraq. During the Senate’s lame duck session of November 2002, Senator Lott, drawing on his experience as a legislative negotiator, reached the compromises that created the Department of Homeland Security. In 2006, Senator Lott was elected Senate Republican Whip for the second time in his career. He is the only member of Congress to hold this position in both the House and Senate. After his retirement from the United States Senate, Senator Lott founded the Breaux Lott Leadership Group with former Senator John Breaux of Louisiana, a partnership offering strategic advice, consulting and lobbying. Mark McClellan Director, Engelberg Center, Brookings Institution Dr. Mark B. McClellan became Director of the Engelberg Center for Healthcare Reform at the Brookings Institution in 2007 and also holds the Leonard D. Schaeffer Chair in Health Policy Studies. He was administrator for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (2004-2006) and commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration (2002-2004). He served on the President’s Council of Economic Advisers and was senior director for health care policy at the White House (2001– 2002). Dr. McClellan was associate professor of economics and associate professor of medicine (with tenure) at Stanford University, directing its Health Outcomes Research program and was associate editor of the Journal of Health Economics, and co-principal investigator of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). He is a Member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences, a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research, and a Visiting Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute. A graduate of the University of Texas at Austin, Dr. McClellan earned his M.P.A. from Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, his M.D. from the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, and his Ph.D. in economics from MIT. He completed residency training in internal medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, has been board-certified in Internal Medicine and has been a practicing internist. Haruo Naito President and CEO of Eisai Co., Ltd. Mr. Haruo Naito has been President and CEO of Eisai Co., Ltd. of Japan since 1988 and instituted the company’s new strategic orientation focusing on active participation in numerous facets of human health care delivery systems. Under his leadership, Eisai has established a global strategic research network, consisting of research centers in the USA, Europe and Asia. In addition, Eisai now has business activities in some forty countries throughout the world. Mr. Naito currently serves on Northwestern University’s Kellogg Advisory Board and Duke University’s Fuqua Board of Visitors. He also serves as Vice President of the International Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations (IFPMA). In April 1999, he was awarded an honorary CBE by the United Kingdom in recognition of his long-standing efforts in strengthening UK – Japan relations. Richard Nduhuura Minister of State for Health, Uganda Dr. Richard Nduhuura is a Veterinary Doctor and has been Minister of State for Health, General Duties, in the Government of Uganda since June 2006. Prior to his current appointment, he served as Minister of State for Industry and Technology (2001–2003), Minister of State for Trade (2003–2005) and Minister of State for Local Government (2005–2006). Since 2001, he has represented the Igara East Constitituency in the Bushenyi District of South Western Uganda as its Member of Parliament. He has served both as Secretary General and Chairman of the Uganda National Farmers Association. During his professional career, he has practiced as a Veterinary Officer in both public and private sectors and has lectured at the Veterinary Training Institute in Entebbe, Uganda. His current task is to ensure the functionality of general hospitals and effective collaboration with institutions related to the health sector. He is also tasked with setting up of a National Insurance Scheme to ensure affordable and equitable access to health in the country. Peter Nyong’o Minister for Medical Services, Kenya Prof. Peter Nyong’o is currently the Minister for Medical Services in the Government of Kenya, having previously served as Minister for Planning and National Development. He was first elected to the Kenyan Parliament in 1992 and has been a Member of Parliament since then, first as an opposition back-bencher (1992 – 2002) and then as Minister. He is a Political Scientist with a Ph. D. (1977) from the University of Chicago and has published extensively on the political economy of development, state and social classes, democracy and democratization in Africa. His latest book, “A Leap Into the Future”, is an analysis of the political economy of development in Kenya and prospects for “catching up” with the developed world. Gilles Pajot Chief Operating Officer, IMS Health Gilles V.J. Pajot is Chief Operating Officer of IMS Health responsible for business operations and leveraging IMS’ capabilities, offerings and services worldwide. Named to this position in January 2007, he previously served as Executive Vice President and President, Global Business Management for one year. Prior to that, he was Executive Vice President and President, Europe, Middle East and Africa. Pajot joined the company in December 1997 as Vice Chairman of IMS and President of IMS, Europe. Previously, he was Senior Vice President of Pharmacia & Upjohn’s Europe, Middle East and Africa Region. He also served on the merger team that formed Pharmacia & Upjohn in 1995. In more than 23 years at Pharmacia AB, Pajot held various positions running its subsidiaries in France from 1979 to 1990, and serving as CEO and President of Global Pharmacia Biosystems AB 1990 to 1991. A French national, Pajot holds a Master’s in Biochemistry and Chemistry from Rennes University and a BSc. degree from Nantes University. Rosanna Peeling Tropical Diseases (TDR), World Health Organization Dr. Peeling is the Research Coordinator for the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme on Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), based in the World Health Organization in Geneva, Switzerland. Trained as a medical microbiologist, Dr. Peeling had been in charge of Diagnostics R&D in TDR and the Canadian National Laboratory for Sexually Transmitted Diseases before assuming her current position. She is the author of over 100 peer-reviewed publications, authoritative reviews and book chapters. She has a strong interest in ethical issues associated with conducting research in developing countries and was appointed the Chair of the WHO Research Ethics Review Committee 2004-6. She was the recipient of a YM-YWCA Women of Distinction Award, a 5NR Award for Canadian Leaders of Sustainable Development. Her research was featured in a Discovery Channel documentary on Chlamydia infection and infertility, and in Fighting Syphilis, a documentary in the highly acclaimed BBC Kill or Cure series. Swati Swati Piramal Director, Piramal Healthcare Ltd and Vice Chairperson, Piramal Life Sciences Ltd Dr Swati Piramal, Director, Piramal Healthcare Ltd, is responsible for the company’s R&D, Strategic Alliances, Communications, Knowledge Management & Public Policy. As Vice Chairperson, Piramal Life Sciences Ltd, which has a pipeline of 14 NCE’s in diabetes, cancer, infectious disease and inflammation, she oversees Strategic Research Planning, Discovery Research and Clinical Research. Dr Piramal has authored papers on Drugs Price Control; Biotechnology Regulation on Biosimilars; Data Protection Laws & Patentability and co-authored books on nutrition & philosophy, and is the recipient of the Chevalier de l’Ordre National du Merite (2006), BMA Management Woman Achiever (2004-05), Science & Technology National Leadership (2006), Rajiv Gandhi Award for Outstanding Woman Achiever (2007) and Distinguished Scientist Oration, Ministry of Science & Technology (2008); She is a strong proponent of Intellectual Property. Piramal holds Board positions across the Piramal Group & in other key organizations, universities and government bodies. Geralyn Ritter Vice President, Global Public Policy, at Merck & Co., Inc. Geralyn S. Ritter is Vice President, Global Public Policy, at Merck & Co., Inc., responsible for public policy, government affairs and corporate responsibility matters. She was previously Senior Vice President for International Affairs at the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) and before that Assistant General Counsel for international issues. Prior to joining PhRMA, Ms. Ritter served as Trade Counsel at the Washington law firm of Covington & Burling, where she represented clients on international trade and intellectual property matters. Ms. Ritter also served for three years as Associate General Counsel for intellectual property matters at the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative in the Executive Office of the President. She represented the USA in the first IP case it filed under the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) at the WTO in Geneva, as well as in the first such case filed against the USA. Ms. Ritter has MA in International Studies from the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at Johns Hopkins University, a law degree from the Stanford University School of Law, and a BA in economics and political science from Duke University. Jeffrey Sachs Director of The Earth Institute, Quetelet Professor of Sustainable Development, and Professor of Health Policy and Management at Columbia University Jeffrey D. Sachs is the Director of The Earth Institute, Quetelet Professor of Sustainable Development, and Professor of Health Policy and Management at Columbia University. He is also Special Advisor to UN Secretary-General Ban Kimoon on the Millennium Development Goals. From 2002 to 2006, he was Director of the UN Millennium Project. Sachs is President and Co-Founder of Millennium Promise Alliance, a nonprofit organization aimed at ending extreme global poverty. Professor Sachs is in the forefront of addressing the challenges of economic development, poverty alleviation, and globalization, promoting policies to help everyone benefit from expanding economic opportunities and wellbeing while ensuring environmental sustainability. He has been a senior advisor to governments worldwide, and has worked with international agencies, businesses, and humanitarian organizations to forge new strategies for sustainable development. As Director of the Earth Institute, Prof. Sachs leads a large-scale effort to harness sciences including climatology, hydrology, engineering, economics, geography, and public health to ensure sustainable development. Sachs is author of hundreds of articles and many books, including the bestsellers Common Wealth and The End of Poverty. Sachs is a member of the Institute of Medicine and is a Research Associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research. He has twice been named among the 100 most influential leaders in the world by Time Magazine. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan, a high civilian honor bestowed by the Indian Government, in 2007. A native of Detroit, Michigan, Sachs received his B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. degrees at Harvard University. Julian Schweitzer Director, Health Nutrition and Population, World Bank Julian Schweitzer is the Director, Health Nutrition and Population in the Human Development Network of the World Bank and was previously Director of the Human Development Sector in the South Asia Region of the World Bank, responsible for the Bank’s operations in health, nutrition, population, education and social protection. During his career in the Bank, he has also worked in the Middle East and North Africa, Latin America and the transition economies of Europe, managing operations in health, education, and social protection. He has also worked as the Operations Director in the Bank’s East Asia and Pacific region and as the Bank’s Country Director based in Russia. In South Asia, he developed sectoral approaches to mobilize external financing. He strengthened the Bank’s regional HIV/AIDS engagement with clients and external partners, and its advisory and financial roles. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of London and has authored numerous articles and essays on economic and human development. Robert Sebbag Vice President for Access to Medicines, sanofi-aventis Dr Robert Sebbag is currently Vice President for Access to Medicines at sanofiaventis. In this role, Dr Sebbag participates in the development of the company’s access to medicines strategy for the Southern Hemisphere. Prior to joining sanofiaventis, Dr. Sebbag worked in Brussels for the European pharmaceutical industry association (EFPIA), creating a communications platform for the pharmaceutical companies operating in Europe. Before that, he was Senior Vice President forCommunications for the vaccine company, Aventis Pasteur (today known as sanofi pasteur). In addition to his activities within the pharmaceutical industry, Dr. Sebbag also teaches public health courses within the Paris hospital system, focusing on tropical parasitic diseases. Dr. Sebbag is active within the French Red Cross and has participated in numerous health missions in the Southern Hemisphere. Dr. Sebbag is a Medical Doctor with a specialty in tropical parasitic diseases and training in psychiatry. Bennett Shapiro Partner, PureTech Ventures Bennett M. Shapiro, M.D. is a Partner at PureTech Ventures. Prior to this, he was Executive Vice President of Merck Research Laboratories, responsible for all basic, preclinical and external research activities worldwide. Earlier, he was Professor and Chairman of the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Washington. He is the author of over 120 papers on the molecular regulation of cellular behavior and the cellular activations at fertilization. Shapiro has bachelor’s degree in chemistry from Dickinson College and a doctor’s degree in medicine from Jefferson Medical College. Following an Internship in Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital, he was a Research Associate at the NIH, then a Visiting Scientist at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, and returned to the NIH as Chief – Section on Cellular Differentiation in the Laboratory of Biochemistry, prior to joining the University of Washington. He has served on many institutional advisory boards and scientific review panels. Shapiro is Chairman of Vascular Biogenics, Ltd., and a Director of Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Celera, Protein Forest, Satori, and Elixir Pharmaceuticals. He also a Director of DNDi and Chairman of the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative-North America. Mae Shieh Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health (NVGH) Mae joined the Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health (NVGH) in Siena, Italy, in July 2007 and is responsible for external collaborations, partnerships and licensing. She has previous experience in building partnerships between industry and NGOs and funders from working for 4 years at the Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases (NITD) in Singapore, where partnerships with the Wellcome Trust, the Grand Challenges for Global Health, and the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development were established. Mae came to Novartis in March 2000 after obtaining an MBA from INSEAD (Fontainebleau, France) and has an engineering degree from Purdue University in the USA. She is currently working on a Masters in International Health (MIH) degree from the Swiss Tropical Institute and the TropEd Network on a part-time basis. Billy Tauzin President and Chief Executive Officer, Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) Billy Tauzin became president and chief executive officer of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) in 2005, after long career in public service career, including 13 terms representing the 3rd Congressional District of Louisiana. First elected to the House in 1980 as a Democrat, he switched parties in 1995. In 1998, he joined with House Majority Leader Dick Armey to propose a revamping of the tax code. He held several leadership positions in Congress, including chairmanship of a Merchant Marine Subcommittee, and was Deputy Majority Whip. More recently, he served as Chairman of the influential House Committee on Energy and Commerce, which has jurisdiction over all interstate and foreign commerce, including energy, telecommunications, health care, biomedical research, consumer protection, the environment and travel and tourism. In this capacity, he helped President George W. Bush win passage of a Medicare prescription drug bill. He was also the original author of the Securities Litigation Reform Act and the Cable Act – the only bills over the past decade to become law despite a Presidential veto. Billy Tauzin began his public service career in the Louisiana State Legislature where he served as Chairman of the House Natural Resources Committee and Chief Administration Floor Leader. Billy Tauzin received a Bachelor of Arts Degree from Nicholls State University in 1964 and a Law Degree from Louisiana State University in 1967. Russell Williams Head, Canadian pharmaceutical industry association Rx&D Mr. Williams became head of the Canadian pharmaceutical industry association Rx&D after a successful career in provincial politics and community service. For fifteen years, Mr. Williams represented the Montreal riding of Nelligan in the National Assembly of Quebec. As a Liberal MNA, he led numerous public policy debates on issues such as the role of government in research and development (R&D), compensation for victims of contaminated blood, linguistic policy, access to services for handicapped people, pre-hospital emergency services, and gambling. He is an advocate for individual rights, and government services focused on the needs of its citizens. During his tenure as parliamentary assistant to two Ministers of Health and Social Services, Mr. Williams developed strategies for a more efficient and integrated health care system. In addition, he spearheaded the development of an R&D policy for the pharmaceutical sector. Prior to and during his political career, Mr. Williams played a key role in numerous non-profit and community-based initiatives in areas ranging from palliative care to human rights. Weibo Zhang Director, State Intellectual Property Office of the People’s Republic of China Mr. Zhang is Director of the Pharmaceutical Division of the Pharmaceutical & Biologic Invention Examination Department of patent office of the State Intellectual Property Office of the People’s Republic of China. After he graduated from Beijing University of Traditional Medicine with a bachelor’s degree in medicine in 1991, he began to work as a patent examiner at SIPO. In 2004, he obtained an LL.M from John Marshall Law School and is now studying in Peking University for an MPA. He has published numerous articles relating to IPR protection in the pharmaceutical field. He is part of the PRC’s National Intellectual Property Strategy research group.
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"https://static.tumblr.com/4a3bad18c71d717a2d932838bcf8a09d/p36vq3c/0Jwnprh0b/tumblr_static_tumblr_static_btwnhnuflmgw8ccsso0sk4swc_focused_v3.jpg", "https://64.media.tumblr.com/avatar_da7a87268d49_64.pnj 64w, https://64.media.tumblr.com/avatar_da7a87268d49_96.pnj 96w, https://64.media.tumblr.com/avatar_da7a87268d49_128.pnj 128w, https://64.media.tumblr.com/avatar_da7a87268d49_512.pnj 512w" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2018-04-07T03:03:45+00:00	Kofi Atta Annan (born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipient…	en	https://assets.tumblr.com/pop/manifest/favicon-0e3d244a.ico	Tumblr	https://www.tumblr.com/blackkudos/159332475807/kofi-annan	Kofi Atta Annan (born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He is the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organization founded by Nelson Mandela. Born in Kumasi, Annan went on to study economics at Macalester College, international relations from the Graduate Institute Geneva and management at MIT. Annan joined the UN in 1962, working for the World Health Organization's Geneva office. He went on to work in several capacities at the UN Headquarters including serving as the Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping between March 1992 and December 1996. He was appointed as the Secretary-General on 13 December 1996 by the Security Council, and later confirmed by the General Assembly, making him the first office holder to be elected from the UN staff itself. He was re-elected for a second term in 2001, and was succeeded as Secretary-General by Ban Ki-moon on 1 January 2007. As the Secretary-General, Annan reformed the UN bureaucracy; worked to combat HIV, especially in Africa; and launched the UN Global Compact. He has been criticized for not expanding the Security Council and faced calls for resignation after an investigation into the Oil-for-Food Programme. After leaving the UN, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation in 2007 to work on international development. In 2012, Annan was the UN–Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria, to help find a resolution to ongoing conflict there. Annan quit after becoming frustrated with the UN's lack of progress with regard to conflict resolution. In September 2016, Annan was appointed to lead a UN commission to investigate the Rohingya crisis. Early years and education Kofi Annan was born in the Kofandros section of Kumasi in the Gold Coast (now Ghana) on 8 April 1938. His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shared the middle name Atta, which in the Akan means 'twin'. Annan and his sister were born into one of the country's Ashanti and Fante aristocratic families; both of their grandfathers and their uncle were tribal chiefs. In the Akan names tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week on which they were born, and/or in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday. Annan has said his surname rhymes with "cannon" in English. From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim school, a Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan has said that the school taught him "that suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere". In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, the Gold Coast gained independence from Britain and began using the name "Ghana". In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies in economics at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, in 1961. Annan then completed a diplôme d'études approfondies DEA degree in International Relations at The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961–62. After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a master's degree in management. Annan is fluent in English, French, Akan, some Kru languages and other African languages. In 1962, Kofi Annan started working as a Budget Officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN). From 1974 to 1976, he worked as the Director of Tourism in Ghana. In 1980 he became the head of personnel for the office of the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) in Geneva. In 1983 he became the director of administrative management services of the UN Secretariat in New York. In the late 1980s, Annan was appointed as an Assistant Secretary-General of the UN in three consecutive positions: Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator (1987–1990); Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller (1990–1992); and Peacekeeping Operations (March 1993 – December 1996). When Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali established the Department of Peacekeeping Operations in 1992, Annan was appointed to the new department as Deputy to then Under Secretary-General Marrick Goulding. Annan was subsequently appointed to succeed Goulding and assumed the office of USG DPKO in March 1993. He was therefore Head of peacekeeping during the battle of Somalia and the resulting collapse of the UNOSOM II peacekeeping mission, and during the Rwandan Genocide of 1994. In 2003 Canadian ex-General Roméo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide. In his book Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003), General Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict, and from providing more logistical and material support. Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to provide responses to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository; such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis. In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said, "I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support." In his book Interventions, a life in War and Peace, Annan again argued that DPKO could have made better use of the media to raise awareness of the violence in Rwanda and put pressure on governments to provide the troops necessary for an intervention. Annan explained that the events in Somalia and the collapse of the UNOSOM II mission fostered a hesitation amongst UN Member states to approve robust peacekeeping operations. As a result, when the UNAMIR mission was approved just days after the battle, the resulting force lacked the troop levels, resources and mandate to operate effectively. Annan served as Under-Secretary-General from March 1994 to October 1995. He was appointed a Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving for five months before returning to his duties as Under-Secretary-General in April 1996. Secretary-General of the United Nations Appointment On 13 December 1996, the UN Security Council recommended Annan to replace the previous Secretary-General, Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt, whose second term faced the veto of the United States. Confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly, he started his first term as Secretary-General on 1 January 1997. He was reelected for a second term in 2001, which was unusual since this meant a third term for Africa. The Asian states did not protest, although it should have been their turn, because Annan was so popular among the UN member states and UN staff. ActivitiesRecommendations for UN reform Soon after taking office in 1997, Annan released two reports on management reform. On 17 March 1997, the report Management and Organisational Measures (A/51/829) introduced new management mechanisms through the establishment of a cabinet-style body to assist him and be grouping the UN's activities in accordance with four core missions. A comprehensive reform agenda was issued on 14 July 1997 entitled Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform (A/51/950). Key proposals included the introduction of strategic management to strengthen unity of purpose, the establishment of the position of Deputy Secretary-General, a 10-percent reduction in posts, a reduction in administrative costs, the consolidation of the UN at the country level, and reaching out to civil society and the private sector as partners. Annan also proposed to hold a Millennium Summit in 2000. After years of research, Annan presented a progress report, In Larger Freedom, to the UN General Assembly, on 21 March 2005. Annan recommended Security Council expansion and a host of other UN reforms. On 31 January 2006, Kofi Annan outlined his vision for a comprehensive and extensive reform of the UN in a policy speech to the United Nations Association UK. The speech, delivered at Central Hall, Westminster, also marked the 60th Anniversary of the first meetings of the General Assembly and Security Council. 7 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his proposals for a fundamental overhaul of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is entitled Investing in the United Nations, For a Stronger Organization Worldwide. On 30 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his analysis and recommendations for updating the entire work programme of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is entitled: Mandating and Delivering: Analysis and Recommendations to Facilitate the Review of Mandates. Regarding the UN Human Rights Council, Annan has said "declining credibility" had "cast a shadow on the reputation of the United Nations system. Unless we re-make our human rights machinery, we may be unable to renew public confidence in the United Nations itself." However, he does believe that, despite its flaws, the council can do good. In March 2000, Annan appointed the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations to assess the shortcomings of the then existing system and to make specific and realistic recommendations for change. The panel was composed of individuals experienced in conflict prevention, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. The report it produced, which became known as the Brahimi Report, after Chair of the Panel Lakhdar Brahimi, called for: renewed political commitment on the part of Member States; significant institutional change; increased financial support. The Panel further noted that in order to be effective, UN peacekeeping operations must be properly resourced and equipped, and operate under clear, credible and achievable mandates. In a letter transmitting the report to the General Assembly and Security Council, Annan stated that the Panel's recommendations were "essential to make the United Nations truly credible as a force for peace." Later that same year, the Security Council adopted several provisions relating to peacekeeping following the report, in Resolution 1327. Millennium Development Goals In 2000, ahead of the Millennium Summit, Annan issued a report entitled "We the peoples: the role of the United Nations in the 21st century". The report argued that the significant geopolitical evolutions and increased globalization experienced over the previous 50 years required the United Nations to reassess and transform the way it operates. The report called for member states to "put people at the centre of everything we do. No calling is more noble, and no responsibility greater, than that of enabling men, women and children, in cities and villages around the world, to make their lives better." In the final chapter of the report, Annan drew on the findings of earlier work by the UN, The World Bank, the IMF and OECD, and identified priority areas on which the UN should focus in order to "free our fellow men and women from the abject and dehumanizing poverty in which more than 1 billion of them are currently confined" These served as the basis for the subsequent Millennium Development Goals, which were developed with additional input from the Millennium Forum, a group comprised 1,000 non-governmental and civil society organizations from more than 100 countries . At the end of the Millennium Summit, delegates adopted the Millennium Declaration, in which they committed to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and set out a series of time-bound targets which subsequently become known as the Millennium Development Goals. United Nations Information Technology Service (UNITeS) Within the "We the Peoples" document, Annan suggested the establishment of a United Nations Information Technology Service (UNITeS), a consortium of high-tech volunteer corps, including NetCorps Canada and Net Corps America, which United Nations Volunteers would coordinate. In the Report of the high-level panel of experts on information and communication technology (22 May 2000) suggesting a UN ICT Task Force, the panel welcomed the establishment of UNITeS, and made suggestions on its configuration and implementation strategy, including that ICT4D volunteering opportunities make mobilizing "national human resources" (local ICT experts) within developing countries a priority, for both men and women. The initiative was launched at the United Nations Volunteers and was active from February 2001 to February 2005. Initiative staff and volunteers participated in the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in Geneva in December 2003. The United Nations Global Compact In an address to The World Economic Forum on 31 January 1999, then Secretary General Annan argued that the "goals of the United Nations and those of business can, indeed, be mutually supportive" and proposed that the private sector and the United Nations initiate "a global compact of shared values and principles, which will give a human face to the global market." On 26 July 2000, the United Nations Global Compact was officially launched at UN headquarters in New York. It is a principle-based framework for businesses which aims to "Catalyse actions in support of broader UN goals, such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)." The Compact established ten core principles in the areas of human rights, labour, the environment and anti-corruption, and under the Compact, companies commit to the ten principles and are brought together with UN agencies, labour groups and civil society to effectively implement them. Establishment of The Global Fund Towards the end of the 1990s, increased awareness of the destructive potential of epidemics such as HIV/AIDS pushed public health issues to the top of the global development agenda. In April 2001, Annan issued a five-point "Call to Action" to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Stating it was a "personal priority", Annan proposed the establishment of a Global AIDS and Health Fund, "dedicated to the battle against HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases" to stimulate the increased international spending needed to help developing countries confront the HIV/AIDS crisis. In June of that year, the General Assembly of the United Nations committed to the creation of such a fund during a special session on AIDS, and the permanent secretariat of the Global Fund was subsequently established in June 2002. Responsibility to Protect Following the failure of Annan and the International Community to intervene in the genocide in Rwanda and in Srebrenica, Annan asked whether the international community had an obligation in such situations to intervene to protect civilian populations. In a speech to the General Assembly in September 1999 "to address the prospects for human security and intervention in the next century," Annan argued that individual sovereignty- the protections afforded by the Declaration of Human Rights and the Charter of the UN, were being strengthened, while the notion of state sovereignty was being redefined by globalization and international cooperation. As a result, the UN and its Member States had to re-consider their willingness to act to prevent conflict and civilian suffering. In September 2001 the Canadian government established an ad-hoc committee to address this balance between State sovereignty and humanitarian intervention. The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty published its final report in 2001, which focused not on the right of states to intervene but on a responsibility to protect populations at risk. The report moved beyond the question of military intervention, arguing that a range of diplomatic and humanitarian actions could also be utilized to protect civilian populations. In 2005, Annan included the doctrine of ‘Responsibility to Protect’ in his report 'Larger Freedom'. when that report was endorsed by the UN General Assembly, it amounted to the first formal endorsement by UN Member States of the doctrine of Responsibility to Protect. Iraq In the years after 1998 when UNSCOM was kicked out by the government of Saddam Hussein and during the Iraq disarmament crisis, in which the United States blamed UNSCOM and former IAEA director Hans Blix for failing to properly disarm Iraq, Scott Ritter the former UNSCOM chief weapons inspector, blamed Annan for being slow and ineffective in enforcing Security Council resolutions on Iraq and was overtly submissive to the demands of the Clinton administration for regime removal and inspection of sites, often Presidential palaces, that were not mandated in any resolution and were of questionable intelligence value, which severely hampered UNSCOM's ability to cooperate with the Iraqi government and contributed to their expulsion from the country. Ritter also claimed that Annan regularly interfered with the work of the inspectors and diluted the chain of command by trying to micromanage all of the activities of UNSCOM, which caused intelligence processing (and the resulting inspections) to be backed up and caused confusion with the Iraqis as to who was in charge and as a result, they generally refused to take orders from Ritter or Rolf Ekéus without explicit approval from Annan, which could have taken days, if not weeks. He later believed that Annan was oblivious to the fact the Iraqis took advantage of this in order to delay inspections. He claimed that on one occasion, Annan refused to implement a no-notice inspection of the SSO headquarters and instead tried to negotiate access, but the negotiation ended up taking nearly six weeks, giving the Iraqis more than enough time to clean out the site. During the build-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Annan called on the United States and the United Kingdom not to invade without the support of the United Nations. In a September 2004 interview on the BBC, when questioned about the legal authority for the invasion, Annan said he believed it was not in conformity with the UN charter and was illegal. Other diplomatic activities In 1998, Annan was deeply involved in supporting the transition from military to civilian rule in Nigeria. The following year, he supported the efforts of East Timor to secure independence from Indonesia. In 2000, he was responsible for certifying Israel 's withdrawal from Lebanon, and in 2006, he led talks in New York between the presidents of Cameroon and Nigeria which led to a settlement of the dispute between the two countries over the Bakassi peninsula. Annan and Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad disagreed sharply on Iran's nuclear program, on an Iranian exhibition of cartoons mocking the Holocaust, and on the then upcoming International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust, an Iranian Holocaust denial conference in 2006. During a visit to Iran instigated by continued Iranian uranium enrichment, Annan said "I think the tragedy of the Holocaust is an undeniable historical fact and we should really accept that fact and teach people what happened in World War II and ensure it is never repeated." Annan supported sending a UN peacekeeping mission to Darfur, Sudan. He worked with the government of Sudan to accept a transfer of power from the African Union peacekeeping mission to a UN one. Annan also worked with several Arab and Muslim countries on women's rights and other topics. Beginning in 1998, Annan convened an annual UN "Security Council Retreat" with the 15 States' representatives of the Council. It was held at the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF) Conference Center at the Rockefeller family estate at Pocantico, and was sponsored by both the RBF and the UN. Lubbers sexual-harassment investigation In June 2004, Annan was given a copy of the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) report on the complaint brought by four female workers against Ruud Lubbers, UN High Commissioner for Refugees for sexual harassment, abuse of authority, and retaliation. The report also reviewed a long-serving staff member's allegations of sexual harassment and misconduct against Werner Blatter, Director of UNHCR Personnel. The investigation found Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment; no mention was made publicly of the other charge against a senior official, or two subsequent complaints filed later that year. In the course of the official investigation, Lubbers wrote a letter which some considered was a threat to the female worker who had brought the charges. On 15 July 2004, Annan cleared Lubbers of the accusations, saying they were not substantial enough legally. His decision held until November 2004. When the OIOS issued its annual report to the UN General Assembly, it stated that it had found Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment. These events were widely reported and weakened Annan's influence. On 17 November 2004, Annan accepted an OIOS report clearing Dileep Nair, UN Under-Secretary-General for Internal Oversight Services, of political corruption and sexual harassment charges. Some UN staff in New York disagreed with this conclusion, leading to extended debate on 19 November. The internal UN-OIOS report on Lubbers was leaked, and sections accompanied by an article by Kate Holt were published in a British newspaper. In February 2005, he resigned as head of the UN refugee agency. Lubbers said he wanted to relieve political pressure on Annan. Oil-for-Food scandal In December 2004, reports surfaced that the Secretary-General's son Kojo Annan received payments from the Swiss company Cotecna Inspection SA, which had won a lucrative contract under the UN Oil-for-Food Program. Kofi Annan called for an investigation to look into the allegations. Annan appointed the Independent Inquiry Committee, which was led by former US Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker, then the director of the United Nations Association of the US. In his first interview with the Inquiry Committee, Annan denied having had a meeting with Cotecna. Later in the inquiry, he recalled that he had met with Cotecna's chief executive Elie-Georges Massey twice. In a final report issued on 27 October, the committee found insufficient evidence to indict Kofi Annan on any illegal actions, but did find fault with Benon Sevan, a Turkish-Cypriot national who had worked for the UN for about 40 years. Appointed by Annan to the Oil-For-Food role, Sevan repeatedly asked Iraqis for allocations of oil to the African Middle East Petroleum Company. Sevan's behavior was "ethically improper", Volcker said to reporters. Sevan repeatedly denied the charges and argued that he was being made a "scapegoat". The Volcker report was highly critical of the UN management structure and the Security Council oversight. It strongly recommended a new position be established of Chief Operating Officer (COO), to handle the fiscal and administrative responsibilities than under the Secretary General's office. The report listed the companies, both Western and Middle Eastern, that benefited illegally from the program. Nobel Peace Prize In 2001, its centennial year, the Nobel Committee decided that the Peace Prize was to be divided between the UN and Annan. He was awarded the Peace Prize for having revitalized the UN and for having given priority to human rights. The Nobel Committee also recognized his commitment to the struggle to containing the spread of HIV in Africa and his declared opposition to international terrorism. Relations between the United States and the United Nations Kofi Annan supported his deputy Secretary-General Mark Malloch Brown, who openly criticized the United States in a speech on 6 June 2006: "[T]he prevailing practice of seeking to use the UN almost by stealth as a diplomatic tool while failing to stand up for it against its domestic critics is simply not sustainable. You will lose the UN one way or another. [...] [That] the US is constructively engaged with the UN [...] is not well known or understood, in part because much of the public discourse that reaches the US heartland has been largely abandoned to its loudest detractors such as Rush Limbaugh and Fox News." Malloch later said his talk was a "sincere and constructive critique of U.S. policy toward the U.N. by a friend and admirer." The talk was unusual because it violated unofficial policy of not having top officials publicly criticize member nations. The interim US ambassador John R. Bolton, appointed by President George W. Bush, was reported to have told Annan on the phone: "I've known you since 1989 and I'm telling you this is the worst mistake by a senior UN official that I have seen in that entire time." Observers from other nations supported Malloch's view that conservative politicians in the US prevented many citizens from understanding the benefits of US involvement in the UN. UN Resolution 61/225: World Diabetes Day Kofi Annan witnessed the United Nations General Assembly's passage of UN Resolution 61/225, to establish World Diabetes Day. The Resolution was the second UN General Assembly Resolution on a health-related issue (the other being HIV/AIDS). Resolution 61/225 is the only Health-related UN Resolution to pass by consensus. Sponsored by the Republic of South Africa and Bangladesh, the Resolution was passed on 20 December 2006. UN Resolution 60/7: International Holocaust Remembrance day Annan also witnessed the establishment of International Holocaust Remembrance Day, designated by the UN General Assembly on 1 November 2005 during the 42nd plenary session. The Resolution urges every member nation of the UN to honor the memory of Holocaust victims, and encourages the development of educational programs about Holocaust history to help prevent future acts of genocide. It rejects any denial of the Holocaust as an event and condemns all manifestations of religious intolerance, incitement, harassment or violence against persons or communities based on ethnic origin or religious belief. International Holocaust Remembrance day is celebrated on 27 January, the day Soviet troops liberated Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest Nazi camp. Farewell addresses On 19 September 2006, Annan gave a farewell address to world leaders gathered at the UN headquarters in New York, in anticipation of his retirement on 31 December. In the speech he outlined three major problems of "an unjust world economy, world disorder, and widespread contempt for human rights and the rule of law", which he believes "have not resolved, but sharpened" during his time as Secretary-General. He also pointed to violence in Africa, and the Arab–Israeli conflict as two major issues warranting attention. On 11 December 2006, in his final speech as Secretary-General, delivered at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library in Independence, Missouri, Annan recalled Truman's leadership in the founding of the United Nations. He called for the United States to return to President Truman's multilateralist foreign policies, and to follow Truman's credo that "the responsibility of the great states is to serve and not dominate the peoples of the world". He also said that the United States must maintain its commitment to human rights, "including in the struggle against terrorism." Post-UN career Following his two terms as Secretary General, Annan was immediately suggested as a candidate to become Ghana's next President. Kofi Annan Foundation In 2007, Kofi Annan established the Kofi Annan Foundation, an independent, not-for profit organization which works to promote better global governance and strengthen the capacities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more peaceful world. The Foundation believes that fair and peaceful societies rest on three pillars: Peace and Security, Sustainable Development and Human Rights and the Rule of Law, and they have made it their mission to mobilise the leadership and the political resolve needed to tackle threats to these three pillars ranging from violent conflict to flawed elections and climate change, with the aim of achieving a fairer, more peaceful world. The Foundation provides the analytical, communication and co-ordination capacities needed to ensure that these objectives are achieved. Kofi Annan's contribution to peace worldwide is delivered through mediation, political mentoring, advocacy and advice. Through his engagement, Kofi Annan aims to strengthen local and international conflict resolution capabilities. The Foundation provides the analytical and logistical support to facilitate this in co-operation with relevant local, regional and international actors. The Foundation is guided by the following values and principles: "The primacy of dialogue, tolerance and reconciliation as instruments for building and preserving peace within communities and between countries. Respect for the rule of law and human rights as the foundations of good governance and democratic accountability. The need to reduce hunger and poverty, and promote equality of opportunity to alleviate human suffering. The Foundation is prepared to take timely action on important and pressing issues based on careful research and analysis. The Foundation is non-partisan and serves as a neutral actor in conflict resolution activities. The Foundation works in close cooperation with other organizations, public or private, with proven competencies in order to advance its mission. The Foundation does not duplicate the effective efforts of others and only acts when there is a clear added value. The Foundation is an independent, not-for-profit organization under Swiss law. The Foundation is funded by a mix of public and private donors. Particular care is given to ensure that funding sources are beyond reproach and that contributions are politically untied." The Foundation works mainly through private diplomacy, where Kofi Annan provides informal counsel and participates in discreet diplomatic initiatives to avert or resolve crises by applying his unique experience and inspirational leadership. He is often asked to intercede in crises, sometimes as an impartial independent mediator, sometimes as a special envoy of the international community. In recent years he has provided such counsel to Burkina Faso, Kenya, Myanmar, Senegal, Syria/Iraq and Colombia. KNDR Following the outbreak of violence during the 2007 Presidential elections in Kenya, the African Union established a Panel of Eminent African Personalities to assist in finding a peaceful solution to the crisis. The panel, headed by Annan, managed to convince the two principal parties to the conflict, President Mwai Kibaki’s Party of National Unity (PNU) and Raila Odinga’s Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), to participate in the Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation Process (KNDR). Over the course of 41 days of negotiations, several agreements regarding taking actions to stop the violence and remedying its consequences were signed. On 28 February President Mwai Kibaki and Raila Odinga signed a coalition government agreement. Kofi Annan and was widely lauded by many Kenyans for this landmark achievement. Joint Special Envoy for Syria On 23 February 2012, Annan was appointed as the UN-Arab League envoy to Syria, in an attempt to end the civil war taking place. He developed a six-point plan for peace: commit to work with the Envoy in an inclusive Syrian-led political process to address the legitimate aspirations and concerns of the Syrian people, and, to this end, commit to appoint an empowered interlocutor when invited to do so by the Envoy; commit to stop the fighting and achieve urgently an effective United Nations supervised cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties to protect civilians and stabilise the country.To this end, the Syrian government should immediately cease troop movements towards, and end the use of heavy weapons in, population centres, and begin pullback of military concentrations in and around population centres.As these actions are being taken on the ground, the Syrian government should work with the Envoy to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism.Similar commitments would be sought by the Envoy from the opposition and all relevant elements to stop the fighting and work with him to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism; ensure timely provision of humanitarian assistance to all areas affected by the fighting, and to this end, as immediate steps, to accept and implement a daily two-hour humanitarian pause and to coordinate exact time and modalities of the daily pause through an efficient mechanism, including at local level; intensify the pace and scale of release of arbitrarily detained persons, including especially vulnerable categories of persons, and persons involved in peaceful political activities, provide without delay through appropriate channels a list of all places in which such persons are being detained, immediately begin organizing access to such locations and through appropriate channels respond promptly to all written requests for information, access or release regarding such persons; ensure freedom of movement throughout the country for journalists and a non-discriminatory visa policy for them; respect freedom of association and the right to demonstrate peacefully as legally guaranteed. On 2 August, he resigned as UN and Arab League joint special envoy to Syria, citing the intransigence of both the Assad government and the rebels, as well as the stalemate on the Security Council as preventing any peaceful resolution of the situation. He also stated that the lack of international unity and ineffective diplomacy among the world leaders has made the peaceful resolution in Syria an impossible task. Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security Annan served as the Chair of the Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security. The Commission was launched in May 2011 as a joint initiative of the Kofi Annan Foundation and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. It comprised 12 eminent individuals from around the world, including Ernesto Zedillo, Martti Ahtisaari, Madeleine Albright and Amartya Sen, and aimed to highlight the importance of the integrity of elections to achieving a more secure, prosperous and stable world. The Commission released its final report: Democracy, a Strategy to Improve the Integrity of Elections Worldwide, in September 2012. Other activities Annan serves as Chair of The Elders, a group of independent global leaders who work together on peace and human rights issues. In November 2008, Annan and fellow Elders Jimmy Carter and Graça Machel attempted to travel to Zimbabwe to make a first-hand assessment of the humanitarian situation in the country. Refused entry, the Elders instead carried out their assessment from Johannesburg, where they met Zimbabwe- and South Africa-based leaders from politics, business, international organisations and civil society. In May 2011, following months of political violence in Côte d'Ivoire, Annan travelled to the country with Elders Desmond Tutu and Mary Robinson to encourage national reconciliation. On 16 October 2014, Kofi Annan attended the One Young World Summit in Dublin. During a session with fellow Elder Mary Robinson, Kofi Annan encouraged 1,300 young leaders from 191 countries to lead on intergenerational issues such as climate change and the need for action to take place now, not tomorrow. During the Summit he told leaders from 191 countries that addressing the effects of climate change was a general issue, for both the young and old. “We don’t have to wait to act. The action must be now. You will come across people who think we should start tomorrow. Even for those who believe action should begin tomorrow, remind them tomorrow beings now, tomorrow beings today, so lets all move forward." Annan currently serves on the board of directors of the United Nations Foundation, a public charity created in 1998 with entrepreneur and philanthropist Ted Turner's historic $1 billion USD gift to support UN causes. The UN Foundation builds and implements public-private partnerships to address the world's most pressing problems, and broadens support for the UN. Annan chairs the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa. As Chair, he facilitates coalition building to leverage and broker knowledge, in addition to convening decision-makers to influence policy and create lasting change in Africa. Every year, the Panel releases a report, the Africa Progress Report, that outlines an issue of immediate importance to the continent and suggests a set of associated policies. In 2014, the Africa Progress Report highlighted the potential of African fisheries, agriculture and forests to drive economic development. The 2015 report explores the role of climate change and the potential of renewable energy investments in determining Africa's economic future. Kofi Annan was appointed the Chancellor of the University of Ghana in 2008. In May 2009 Annan became a global fellow of the School of International and Public Affairs of Columbia University. The Global Fellows program brings students together with global practitioners to share firsthand knowledge of experiences in the life of an international or public figure. He is also a fellow of The Committee on Global Thought appointed by the University. On 2 September 2009, Annan was unveiled as the first Li Ka Shing Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy of the National University of Singapore (NUS). The announcement was made during the school's 5th anniversary celebrations. On 7 October 2010, Annan was appointed to the Board of Directors of the Global Center for Pluralism, Canada’s new international research and education center dedicated to the study and practice of pluralism worldwide. The Global Center for Pluralism is an initiative of His Highness the Aga Khan in partnership with the Government of Canada. The Center is located in Ottawa, Canada. Dedicated to the creation of successful societies, the Center is founded on the premise that tolerance, openness and understanding towards the cultures, social structures, values and faiths of other peoples are essential to the very survival of an interdependent world. Pluralism is no longer simply an asset or a prerequisite for progress and development. Memoir On 4 September 2012, Annan published his memoir, Interventions: A Life in War and Peace, written with Nader Mousavizadeh, ISBN 978-159420420-3. The book is described as a personal biography of so-called global statecraft. Personal life In 1965 Kofi Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from a well-to-do family. Several years later they had a daughter, Ama, and later a son, Kojo. The couple separated in the late 1970s. In 1984, Annan married Nane Lagergren, a Swedish lawyer at the U.N. and the niece of Raoul Wallenberg. Mr Annan also had a loyal and long serving chauffeur John Miller (Mr Miller) who still is a close friend and confidant to Kofi and his son Kojo.
7734	dbpedia	1	49	https://www.iprojectmaster.com/history/final-year-project-materials/the-united-nations-under-kofi-annan	en	THE UNITED NATIONS UNDER KOFI ANNAN	https://www.iprojectmast…ria_banner-1.png	https://www.iprojectmast…ria_banner-1.png	[ "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/banner.png", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/avatar.jpeg", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/avatar.jpeg", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/avatar.jpeg", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/avatar.jpeg", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/avatar.jpeg", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/avatar.jpeg", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/avatar.jpeg", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/avatar.jpeg", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/avatar.jpeg", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/avatar.jpeg", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/project-topics-materials-1.png", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/project-topics-materials-1.png", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/project-topics-materials-1.png", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/project-topics-materials-1.png", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/project-topics-materials-1.png", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/project-topics-materials-1.png", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/project-topics-materials-1.png", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/project-topics-materials-1.png", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/project-topics-materials-1.png", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/project-topics-materials-1.png", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/project-topics-materials-1.png", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/project-topics-materials-1.png", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/GTB_Logo.jpg", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/access_bank_iprojectmaster.jpg", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/firstbank.png", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/ZENIT.png", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/UBA.png", "https://www.iprojectmaster.com/assets/img/ghana-mobile-money.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "THE UNITED NATIONS UNDER KOFI ANNAN" ]	null	[]	null	THE UNITED NATIONS UNDER KOFI ANNAN CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Kofi Annan was born in the Kafandors Section of Kumasi, in Central Ghana, Africa, in what wa		https://www.iprojectmast…/img/favicon.png		https://www.iprojectmaster.com/history/final-year-project-materials/the-united-nations-under-kofi-annan	DOWNLOAD THE FULL PROJECT 1965 Users found this project useful THE UNITED NATIONS UNDER KOFI ANNAN CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Kofi Annan was born in the Kafandors Section of Kumasi, in Central Ghana, Africa, in what was then the British colony of the Gold Coast, on April 8, 1938. He is a twin, which has a respected state in Ghanaian culture. His full name is Kofi Atta Annan, while his twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shares the middle name Atta, which in Fante and Akan means “twin”. Annan and his sister were born into one of the country’s aristocratic families, both their grandfather and their uncle were tribal chiefs and became accustomed to both traditional and modern ways of life. He has described himself as being “atribal in a tribal world”. In Akan tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week on when they were born; and in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday. In 1965, Kofi Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from a well to do family. Several years later, they had a daughter, Ana and later a son Kojo. The couple separated in the late seventies that is when Kojo was six years old and got a divorce two years later. In 1984, Annan remarried to Nane Legergran a Swedish lawyer at the United Nations (UN). Between 1954 and 1957, Annan attended the Elite Mfantsipim School, a Methodist Boarding School in Cape Coast, founded in the 1870s. Annan has said that the school taught him “that suffering anywhere concerns people every where.4 In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, Ghana gained independence from Britain. At the age of twenty, he won a Ford Foundation Scholarship for undergraduate studies at Macalester College, St. Paul. In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States. In 1961, Annam then did a DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. After some years of work experience, Annan became the Alfred P. Sloan Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management.5 Even then, he was showing signs of becoming a diplomat, or someone skilled in International Relations. At the end of his fellowship program, he was awarded a Master of Science (M.Sc.) degree in Management. Early Career In 1962, Kofi Annan started working as a Budget Officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN). In 1972, he moved to Cairo, Egypt, as Chief Civilian Personnel Officer in the UN emergency force. Annan briefly changed career in 1974 when he left the United Nations to serve as Managing Director of the Ghana Tourist Development Company where he worked as the Director of Tourism in Ghana. Annan returned to International Diplomacy at the United Nations in 1976. For the next seven years, he was associated with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Geneva. He returned to the UN Headquarters in New York City in 1983 as Director of the Budget in the Financial Services Office. In the late 1980s, Annan returned to work for the UN, where he was appointed as an Assistant Secretary-General in three consecutive positions. Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator (1987 – 1990), he became Assistant Security-General for another department at the United Nations, the office of Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller (1990 – 1992) and Peace Keeping Operations (March 1993 – December 1996). In fulfilling his duties to the United Nations, Annan has spent most of his adult life in the United States, specifically at the UN headquarters in New York City. Annan has by this time filled a number of roles at the United Nations, ranging from peace keeping to managerial and 1990s were no different. In 1990, he negotiated the release of hostages in Iraq following the invasion of Kuwait. Five years later, he oversaw the transition of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) to the Multi-national Implementation Force (IFOR) a UN peace Keeping organization. In this transfer of responsibility, operations in the former Yugoslavia were turned over to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The Rwandan Genocide took place in 1994 while Annan directed UN peacekeeping operations. In 2003, Canadian ex-General Romeo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide. In his book, shake hands with the devil: The failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003). General Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict, and from providing more logistical and material support. Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to provide responses to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository, such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis. In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said “I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and really support”.6 Annan served as Under-Secretary-General from March 1994 to October 1995. He was appointed a Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving for five months before returning to his duties as Under-Secretary-General in April 1996. In recognition of his abilities, Annan was appointed Secretary-General, the top post of the United Nations by the UN General Assembly in December 1996. He began serving his four-year term of office on January 1, 1997. Joining him was his second wife, former lawyer+- Nane Lagergren of Sweden. She is the niece of the diplomat Raoul Wallenberg (1912 – 1947), who saved thousands of European Jews from the German Nazis during World War II (1937 – 45), when American-led forces fought against Germany, Italy and Japan. Annan and Lagergren were married in 1985. The couple had one child.
7734	dbpedia	0	52	https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghana-Month-What-you-may-not-know-about-Mfantsipim-Presec-Wey-Gey-Hey-and-others-1204201	en	Ghana Month: What you may not know about Mfantsipim, Presec, Wey Gey Hey and others	https://cdn.ghanaweb.com…534/53461237.jpg	https://cdn.ghanaweb.com…534/53461237.jpg	[ "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/design/logo_desktop.png", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/imagelib/pics/534/53461237.295.jpg", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/imagelib/pics/548/54844830.jpg", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/imagelib/pics/401/40173883.jpg", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/imagelib/pics/937/93781914.jpg", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/imagelib/pics/324/32434176.jpg", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/imagelib/pics/144/14498826.jpg", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/design/sports.png", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/imagelib/pics/779/77943191.295.jpg", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/design/business.png", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/imagelib/pics/166/16679144.295.jpg", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/design/entertainment.png", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/imagelib/pics/770/77020199.295.jpg", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/design/africa.png", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/imagelib/pics/146/14667645.295.jpg", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/design/opinions_1.png", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/imagelib/pics/759/75901675.295.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "GhanaWeb" ]	2021-03-14T13:47:51+00:00	In Ghana, one’s Senior High School (Alma Mater) is one’s pride. More often than not, people will cite and tout their secondary schools, especially in the face of educational quizzes and competitions.	en	https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/design/favicon.ico	GhanaWeb	https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghana-Month-What-you-may-not-know-about-Mfantsipim-Presec-Wey-Gey-Hey-and-others-1204201	In Ghana, one’s Senior High School (Alma Mater) is one’s pride. More often than not, people will cite and tout their secondary schools, especially in the face of educational quizzes and competitions. There are several senior High Schools in the country and each has a history. A history behind its naming, formation, motto, and the likes. As part of GhanaWeb’s Ghana Month series, we take a look at some secondary schools in Ghana and the history behind their naming and coming into being. This is the start of many others to follow till a number of Senior High Schools are covered. In no particular ranking order, we begin with these 5: Mfantsipim: Mfantsipim Senior High School is an all-boys boarding secondary school in Cape Coast in the Central Region of Ghana. It was established by the Methodist Church in 1876 with the founding name, Wesleyan High School. It changed names several times; High School and Training Instruction, Wesleyan Collegiate School, Richmond College and finally became Mfantsipim, a name that was founded by one of the school’s pioneer students, John Mensah-Sarbah. In 1891, The Wesleyan High School was saddled with challenges with administration and therefore, Mensah Sarbah with a few friends decided to form a rival school; Mfantsipim. Both schools still faced the same challenges and to salvage the situation, they were merged in July 1905 under the management of the Methodist church and the name Mfantsipim was maintained. The name was derived from the Fante word “Mfantsefo-apem” literally meaning, “thousands of Fantes”. Sarbah and his friends were focused on the future needs of the country as a whole and to them, “Mfantsipim” means the “Soul of the People”. Mensah Sarbah also gave the school its motto, “Dwen Hwe Kan” which translated to mean, “Think and look ahead”. Later that same year, the Wesleyan High School and the Mfantsipim school were merged under the control of the Methodist Church and the name Mfantsipim was maintained. Several Headmasters served the School with distinction but in 1907, Rev. W.T. Balmer of the Methodist Church, Principal of Richmond College in Sierra Leone arrived in Cape Coast on an inspection and met only eight (8) dedicated boys in the school teaching themselves because there was neither a teacher nor a Headmaster. He named them the “Faithful Eight” and accepted to stay and take charge of the school as Headmaster. It was initially deemed a grammar school because Latin and Greek were taught there in the beginning though it also offered other disciplines such as carpentry, art and crafts. In 1931 the school moved to its present location on Kwabotwe Hill in the northern part of Cape Coast on the Kotokuraba road. The school sometimes has been referred to as Kwabotwe or simply Botwe. The school has 7 houses; Balmer-Acquaah, Pickard-Parker, Lockhart-Schweitzer, Sarbah-Picot, Freeman-Aggrey, Bartels-Sneath and Abruquah-Monney. Some alumni of the school include Kofi Annan, Nobel Peace Prize laureate and former Secretary-General of the UN; Kofi Abrefa Busia, former prime minister of Ghana; Joseph W. S. de Graft-Johnson, lawyer, academic, engineer and politician; Kobina Sekyi, renowned writer, playwright, and lawyer; and J. E. Casely Hayford, a journalist and politician. Achimota: Achimota School was founded in Accra in 1927was called the Prince of Wales College by the government of the Gold Coast. It was established with the aim of providing for the educational needs of the people of the Gold Coast, from kindergarten to university. This was to solve the problem of limited institutions for people who aspired to attain professional qualifications which necessitated many of them leaving to European countries. Then-Governor of the Gold Coast, Brigadier-General Frederick Gordon Guggisberg sought to provide this opportunity by establishing a single residential campus for both boys and girls which will also provide sound character training, the basis on which strong and effective leadership. The Prince of Wales visited the College in 1925 and gave consent to its proposed name The Prince of Wales College. Rev Alexander Garden Fraser was appointed the first Principal of the College with Dr Emman Kwegyir Aggrey. as his Vice-Principal. Together with Brigadier General Guggisberg, these persons became known as the Founding Fathers of what later became known as Achimota. Dr Aggrey sadly died a few months after the opening of the College, but not before he had made a substantial input into its ideals and philosophies, with his ideas on the education of girls, and the harmony of black and white people working together. This formed the basis of the Crest of Achimota, a depiction of black and white piano keys that signify the harmonious result of African and European people working together. In 1938 the College Inspectors recommended that the School and the College be separated. This could not be immediately implemented until 1948 when separate laws were passed to establish the University College and the Teacher Training College and Achimota School. Following the restructuring of the education system into Primary, Junior and Senior Secondary Schools, the Secondary School campus was converted into a Senior Secondary School. With the exception of a small number of Day Students who live at home, all Students stay in one of the seventeen boarding houses; Aggrey House, Guggisberg, Gyamfi, Cadbury, Lugard, Livingstone, Fraser, Kwapong, Kingsley, McCarthy, Slessor, Clark, S.O.A, Baeta, Stopford, Atta Mills and the Aryee Houses. Some notable Alumni include; Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, First President of Ghana, Edward Akufo-Addo, former President, Second Republic of Ghana, John Evans Atta Mills, former President, Republic of Ghana, Robert Mugabe, second President, Republic of Zimbabwe, Jerry John Rawlings, former Head of State, Ghana, K.B Asante, former teacher and former Ghanaian High Commissioner to the UK among others Opoku Ware: Opoku Ware School, often referred to as OWASS, is an all-boys Senior High School in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. It was one of 5 Catholic Schools in Ghana established in 1952. The school was named after Asante King Opoku Ware I. The students are known collectively as Akatakyie, an Asante word meaning, “conquering heroes”. It was the first Catholic Boys School in the Asante Kingdom. Until its establishment, youth from the Ashanti Kingdom and the Northern part of Ghana who wanted Catholic education had to travel south across the Pra River to attend secondary school. The original plan to establish a secondary school in the Kingdom at the initiation of the King called for one school jointly with the Catholic Church, Methodist and Presbyterian Churches. The Catholic Church opted out of this and asked for the King’s blessing for the establishment of a separate school for the Catholics. In 1951, January 31, a decision was taken to build a Roman Catholic Mission secondary school. The government was to provide all the funds for the building of the school. OWASS which was originally called Yaa Asantewaa College, opened its doors on 28th February 1952, to 60 young boys. Two weeks after the school opened, the name was changed to Opoku Ware School, following consultations with and instructions from the Manhyia Palace. This was in honour of Katakyie Opoku Ware I who ruled the Asanteman between 1720 and 1750. The title Katakyie which Nana Opoku Ware I was known by has stayed as the title for every old student of the school. "Katakyie" means (conquering Hero). Rev. Fr. P.R.Burgess, an Oxford University Graduate was the first headmaster of the school. The motto of the school is “Deus Lux Scientiae”, meaning “God is the Light of Knowledge”. The School has 10 houses named after various persons in the Catholic faith; St. John, St. Matthew, St. Mark, St. Luke, St. Paul, St. Peter, St. James, St. Andrews, St. Philip and St. Thomas. Some Alumni include; Prof. Kwamena Ahwoi, former NDC Minister of State, Dr. Owusu Afriyie Akoto, Minister for Food and Agriculture, George Boakye, former Chief of Air Staff, Jacob Osei Yeboah, Politician and others. Wesley Girls: Wesley Girls' Senior High School (WGHS), popularly known as Wey Gey Hey is an educational institution for girls in Cape Coast, Ghana. It was founded in 1836 by Harriet Wrigley, the wife of the second Methodist Missionary to the Gold Coast. The school is named after the founder of Methodism, John Wesley. It started with 25 girls under the leadership of Wrigley whose aim was to give the girls basic training in housekeeping and catechism. Classes were held at the Manse in the Standfast Hall near the Victoria Park in Cape Coast; and subjects taught included writing, reading, sewing and religious education. This lasted about five months until Mrs. Wrigley passed away. She was replaced in 1837 by Mrs. Elizabeth Waldron who took over the administration of the School for forty-three (43) years. Mrs. Waldron laid a solid foundation for what was to become the Wesleyan Girls’ School and Training Home. Because of their high academic achievements, the Methodist church agreed to the provision of higher education for girls. Consequently, in 1884, Rev. W. M. Cannell, the Headmaster of Mfantsipim School at the time, started the Secondary section with twenty (20) girls. The primary and secondary sections were sometimes closed down due to acute shortage of funding. It even suffered a temporary loss of identity when it had to team up with Mfantsipim as a co-educational secondary school under a new name, The Collegiate School. By 1900, the School regained its identity and was on its own with Mrs. H. J. Ellis as the Headmistress. During the reign of Sister Evelyn Bellamy, a deaconess who headed the School from 1914 to 1943, Dr. Kwegyir Aggrey visited the School and penned these words in the logbook; “to educate a boy is to educate an individual but to educate a girl is to educate a family”. In 1951, the secondary section of the School was separated definitely from the primary section when Ms. Olive Compton moved it to its present site at Kakumdo. The School’s motto: “Live Pure, Speak True, Right Wrong, and Follow King” has had a profound impact on the lives of students and Old Girls who exhibit excellence and turn out to be change-makers wherever they find themselves. Some Alumni include Zanetor Agyeman-Rawlings, MP for Klottey Korle Constituency, Abena Osei Asare, MP for Atiwa East, Sophia Akuffo, 13th Chief Justice of Ghana, Becca, Musician, and others. Presbyterian Boys Senior High School: Often referred to as PRESEC, the Presbyterian Boys Senior High School was established out of a cry of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana. They wanted to establish a secondary school and with Synod Clerk Rev. N. T. Clerk heading this appeal. It was rejected by the Scottish Mission who insisted education was the task of government whereas the church was in charge of evangelizing. Engmann Augustus Wilkens Engmann took up the task at this point to realise the dream of the Presbyterian Boys’ Secondary School. He was appointed the first principal of the school which was going to be established at Odumase in February 1938. He obtained the premises of the Old Basel Mission residence at Odumase which became the birthplace of PRESEC. The school was formally opened on February 1, 1938, with 10 students and 3 teachers in the presence of Moderator Rec. V.C.E Martinson. He preached for more people to enroll their wards and self-educated to teach the students at the start. With time, the school expanded. Its previous location in Odumase-Krobo was changed in 1968 when it was rehoused at its new permanent location at Legon near the University of Ghana. At the new campus, it continued as a boys’ boarding secondary school until the mid-1970s when the sixth form was upgraded to the National Science College. Female students were admitted into the sixth form in small numbers from September 1975. They continued to be part of the student body until June 1996 when the last batch left. The school’s crest has a shield with the Presbyterian symbol (the St Andrew Cross-Scottish flag with the Swiss Flag embedded and a burning torch in the middle) with the motto of the school, “In Lumine Tuo Videbimus Lumen”, meaning “In Thy Light, We Shall See Light”, (Psalm 36:9) scrolled beneath the shield. One of the traditions of the school is the ɔdadeɛ (baobab tree) located on the Krobo-Odumase campus. An alumnus of the school is referred to as Ɔdadeɛ. The baobab tree is a Ghanaian symbol of knowledge, resourcefulness and strength. New students were traditionally initiated at the feet of this tree clad in bedsheets and powdered faces. Once initiated, a student gets the title of “PRESECAN” or “Oaklander”, the official mascot of the school and nick-named “Blue Magician”, his remaining days on campus. He however would be officially initiated into the Old Boys’ Fraternity, 10 years after completing school. The school has 10 main houses with others developing. The main houses are Kwansa, Clerk, Engmann, Akro, Riis, Labone, Ako-Adjei, Owusu Parry, House 9 and P.T.A. House. Notable Alumni include; Lt. Gen. F. W. K. Akuffo, Head of State of Ghana, Mark Assibey-Yeboah, MP for New Juaben South, Mike Oquaye Jnr, Diplomat, Aaron Mike Oquaye, Speaker of the 7th Parliament of the 4th Republic, Michael Paul Ansah, Minister of State in the Third Republic, Bernard Avle, Broadcast journalist, Lucy Quist, Business and Technology Executive, Matilda Asante-Asiedu, Communications Specialist and PR Executive.
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Contributors to Wikimedia projects" ]	2001-09-23T03:06:14+00:00		en	/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi_Annan	Secretary-General of the UN from 1997 to 2006 Kofi Atta Annan ( KOH-fee AN-an,[1] -⁠ AH-nahn;[2] 8 April 1938 – 18 August 2018) was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006.[3] Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize.[4] He was the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organisation founded by Nelson Mandela.[5] Annan joined the United Nations in 1962, working for the World Health Organization's Geneva office. He went on to work in several capacities at the UN Headquarters, including serving as the Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping between March 1992 and December 1996. He was appointed secretary-general on 13 December 1996 by the Security Council and later confirmed by the General Assembly, making him the first officeholder to be elected from the UN staff itself. He was re-elected for a second term in 2001 and was succeeded as secretary-general by Ban Ki-moon in 2007. As secretary-general, Annan reformed the UN bureaucracy, worked to combat HIV/AIDS (especially in Africa) and launched the UN Global Compact. He was criticised for not expanding the Security Council and faced calls for his resignation after an investigation into the Oil-for-Food Programme, but was largely exonerated of personal corruption.[6] After the end of his term as secretary-general, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation in 2007 to work on international development. In 2012, Annan was the UN–Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria to help find a resolution to the Syrian civil war.[7][8] Annan quit after becoming frustrated with the UN's lack of progress with regards to conflict resolution.[9][10] In September 2016, Annan was appointed to lead a UN commission to investigate the Rohingya crisis.[11] He died in 2018 and was given a state funeral. Early life and education [edit] Kofi Annan was born in Kumasi in the Gold Coast (now Ghana) on 8 April 1938.[12] His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shared the middle name Atta, which in the Akan language means "twin".[13] Annan and his sister were born into one of the country's Fante aristocratic families; both of their grandfathers and their uncle were Fante paramount chiefs,[14] and their brother Kobina would go on to become Ghana's ambassador to Morocco.[15] In the Akan names tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week they were born, sometimes in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday, the day on which Annan was born.[16] The last name Annan in Fante means fourth-born child. Annan said that his surname rhymes with "cannon" in English.[17] From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim, an all-boys Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan said that the school taught him that "suffering anywhere, concerns people everywhere".[18] In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, the Gold Coast gained independence from the UK and began using the name "Ghana". In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies in economics at Macalester College in Saint Paul, Minnesota, US, in 1961. Annan then completed a diplôme d'études approfondies DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961 to 1962. After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management[19] (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a master's degree in management. Annan was fluent in English, French, Akan, and some Kru languages as well as other African languages.[20] Diplomatic career [edit] In 1962, Annan started working as a budget officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN). From 1974 to 1976, he worked as a manager of the state-owned Ghana Tourist Development Company in Accra. In 1980 he became the head of personnel for the office of the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) in Geneva. Between 1981 and 1983, he was a member of the Governing Board of the International School of Geneva.[23] In 1983 he became the director of administrative management services of the UN Secretariat in New York. In 1987, Annan was appointed as an assistant secretary-general for Human Resources Management and Security Coordinator for the UN system. In 1990, he became Assistant Secretary-General for Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Control. When Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali established the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) in 1992, Annan was appointed to the new department as Deputy to then Under-Secretary-General Marrack Goulding. Annan replaced Goulding in March 1993 as Under-Secretary-General of that department after American officials persuaded Boutros-Ghali that Annan was more flexible and more aligned with the role that the Pentagon expected of UN peacekeepers in Somalia.[25] On 29 August 1995, while Boutros-Ghali was unreachable on an aeroplane, Annan instructed United Nations officials to "relinquish for a limited period of time their authority to veto air strikes in Bosnia". This move allowed NATO forces to conduct Operation Deliberate Force and made him a favourite of the United States. According to Richard Holbrooke, Annan's "gutsy performance" convinced the United States that he would be a good replacement for Boutros-Ghali. He was appointed a special representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving from November 1995 to March 1996.[28][29] Criticism [edit] In 2003, retired Canadian general Roméo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR), claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide. In his book Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003), Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict and from providing more logistical and material support. Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to respond to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository; such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis. In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said: "I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support."[30] External videos After Words interview with Annan on Interventions, 9 September 2012, C-SPAN In his book Interventions: A Life in War and Peace, Annan again argued that the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations could have made better use of the media to raise awareness of the violence in Rwanda and put pressure on governments to provide the troops necessary for an intervention. Annan explained that the events in Somalia and the collapse of the UNOSOM II mission fostered a hesitation among UN member states to approve robust peacekeeping operations. As a result, when the UNAMIR mission was approved just days after the battle, the resulting force lacked the troop levels, resources and mandate to operate effectively. United Nations Secretary-General (1997–2006) [edit] Appointment [edit] In 1996, Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali ran unopposed for a second term. Although he won 14 of the 15 votes on the Security Council, he was vetoed by the United States.[32] After four deadlocked meetings of the Security Council, Boutros-Ghali suspended his candidacy, becoming the only secretary-general ever to be denied a second term. Annan was the leading candidate to replace him, beating Amara Essy by one vote in the first round. However, France vetoed Annan four times before finally abstaining. The UN Security Council recommended Annan on 13 December 1996.[33] Confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly,[35] he started his first term as secretary-general on 1 January 1997. Due to Boutros-Ghali's overthrow, a second Annan term would give Africa the office of Secretary-General for three consecutive terms. In 2001, the Asia-Pacific Group agreed to support Annan for a second term in return for the African Group's support for an Asian secretary-general in the 2006 selection.[36] The Security Council recommended Annan for a second term on 27 June 2001, and the General Assembly approved his reappointment on 29 June 2001.[37] Activities [edit] Recommendations for UN reform [edit] Soon after taking office in 1997, Annan released two reports on management reform. On 17 March 1997, the report Management and Organisational Measures (A/51/829) introduced new management mechanisms through the establishment of a cabinet-style body to assist him and the UN's activities in accordance with four core missions. A comprehensive reform agenda was issued on 14 July 1997 titled Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform (A/51/950). Key proposals included the introduction of strategic management to strengthen unity of purpose, the establishment of the position of deputy secretary-general, a 10-per cent reduction in posts, a reduction in administrative costs, the consolidation of the UN at the country level, and reaching out to civil society and the private sector as partners. Annan also proposed to hold a Millennium Summit in 2000.[38] After years of research, Annan presented a progress report, In Larger Freedom, to the UN General Assembly on 21 March 2005. Annan recommended Security Council expansion and a host of other UN reforms.[39] On 31 January 2006, Annan outlined his vision for a comprehensive and extensive reform of the UN in a policy speech to the United Nations Association UK. The speech, delivered at Central Hall, Westminster, also marked the 60th anniversary of the first meetings of the General Assembly and Security Council.[40] On 7 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his proposals for a fundamental overhaul of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is titled Investing in the United Nations, For a Stronger Organization Worldwide.[41] On 30 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his analysis and recommendations for updating the entire work programme of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is titled Mandating and Delivering: Analysis and Recommendations to Facilitate the Review of Mandates.[42] Regarding the UN Human Rights Council, Annan said "declining credibility" had "cast a shadow on the reputation of the United Nations system. Unless we re-make our human rights machinery, we may be unable to renew public confidence in the United Nations itself." He believed that, despite its flaws, the council could do good.[43][44] In March 2000, Annan appointed the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations to assess the shortcomings of the then existing system and to make specific and realistic recommendations for change. The panel was composed of individuals experienced in conflict prevention, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. The report it produced, which became known as the Brahimi Report, after the chair of the Panel Lakhdar Brahimi, called for "renewed political commitment on the part of Member States, significant institutional change, and increased financial support".[47] The Panel further noted that to be effective, UN peacekeeping operations must be adequately resourced and equipped, and operate under clear, credible and achievable mandates.[47] In a letter transmitting the report to the General Assembly and Security Council, Annan stated that the Panel's recommendations were essential to making the United Nations truly credible as a force for peace.[48] Later that same year, the Security Council adopted several provisions relating to peacekeeping following the report, in Resolution 1327.[49] Millennium Development Goals [edit] In 2000, Annan issued a report titled We the Peoples: the Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century. The report called for member states to "put people at the centre of everything we do": "No calling is more noble, and no responsibility greater, than that of enabling men, women and children, in cities and villages around the world, to make their lives better."[52]: 7 In the final chapter of the report, Annan called to "free our fellow men and women from the abject and dehumanizing poverty in which more than 1 billion of them are currently confined".[52]: 77 At the Millennium Summit in September 2000, national leaders adopted the Millennium Declaration, which the United Nations Secretariat subsequently implemented as the Millennium Development Goals in 2001. United Nations Information Technology Service [edit] Within the We the Peoples document, Annan suggested the establishment of a United Nations Information Technology Service (UNITeS), a consortium of high-tech volunteer corps, including NetCorps Canada and Net Corps America, which United Nations Volunteers (UNV) would coordinate. In the "Report of the high-level panel of experts on information and communication technology",[54] suggesting a UN ICT Task Force, the panel welcomed the establishment of UNITeS. It made suggestions on its configuration and implementation strategy, including that ICT4D volunteering opportunities make mobilising "national human resources" (local ICT experts) within developing countries a priority for both men and women. The initiative was launched at the UNV and was active from February 2001 to February 2005. Initiative staff and volunteers participated in the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in Geneva in December 2003.[55] United Nations Global Compact [edit] In an address to the World Economic Forum on 31 January 1999, Annan argued that the "goals of the United Nations and those of business can, indeed, be mutually supportive" and proposed that the private sector and the United Nations initiate "a global compact of shared values and principles, which will give a human face to the global market".[56] On 26 July 2000, the United Nations Global Compact was officially launched at UN headquarters in New York. It is a principle-based framework for businesses which aims to "[c]atalyse actions in support of broader UN goals, such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)".[57] The Compact established ten core principles in the areas of human rights, labour, the environment and anti-corruption. Under the Compact, companies commit to the ten principles and are brought together with UN agencies, labour groups and civil society to implement them effectively. Establishment of The Global Fund [edit] Towards the end of the 1990s, increased awareness of the destructive potential of epidemics such as HIV/AIDS pushed public health issues to the top of the global development agenda. In April 2001, Annan issued a five-point "Call to Action" to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Stating it was a "personal priority", Annan proposed the establishment of a Global AIDS and Health Fund, "dedicated to the battle against HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases",[58] to stimulate the increased international spending needed to help developing countries confront the HIV/AIDS crisis. In June of that year, the General Assembly of the United Nations committed to creating such a fund during a special session on AIDS,[59] and the permanent secretariat of the Global Fund was subsequently established in January 2002. Responsibility to Protect [edit] Following the failure of Annan and the international community to intervene in the genocide in Rwanda and in Srebrenica, Annan asked whether the international community had an obligation in such situations to intervene to protect civilian populations. In a speech to the General Assembly on 20 September 1999, "to address the prospects for human security and intervention in the next century",[61] Annan argued that individual sovereignty—the protections afforded by the Declaration of Human Rights and the Charter of the UN—was being strengthened, while the notion of state sovereignty was being redefined by globalisation and international co-operation. As a result, the UN and its member states had to consider a willingness to act to prevent conflict and civilian suffering, a dilemma between "two concepts of sovereignty" that Annan also presented in a preceding article in The Economist on 16 September 1999.[63] In the March 2000 Millennium Report to the UN, Annan asked: "If humanitarian intervention is, indeed, an unacceptable assault on sovereignty, how should we respond to a Rwanda, to a Srebrenica – to gross and systematic violations of human rights that affect every precept of our common humanity?"[64] In September 2001, the Canadian government established an ad hoc committee to address this balance between state sovereignty and humanitarian intervention. The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty published its final report in 2001, which focused not on the right of states to intervene but on a responsibility to protect populations at risk. The report moved beyond military intervention, arguing that various diplomatic and humanitarian actions could also be utilised to protect civilian populations.[65] In 2005, Annan included the doctrine of "Responsibility to Protect" (RtoP) in his report In Larger Freedom.[65] When the UN General Assembly endorsed that report, it amounted to the first formal endorsement by UN member states of the doctrine of RtoP.[66] Iraq [edit] In the years after 1998, when UNSCOM was expelled by the government of Saddam Hussein, and during the Iraq disarmament crisis, in which the United States blamed UNSCOM and former IAEA director Hans Blix for failing to disarm Iraq properly, former UNSCOM chief weapons inspector Scott Ritter blamed Annan for being slow and ineffective in enforcing Security Council resolutions on Iraq and being overtly submissive to the demands of the Clinton administration for regime removal and inspection of sites, often presidential palaces, that were not mandated in any resolution and were of questionable intelligence value, severely hampering UNSCOM's ability to co-operate with the Iraqi government and contributing to their expulsion from the country.[67][68] Ritter also claimed that Annan regularly interfered with the work of the inspectors and diluted the chain of command by trying to micromanage all of the activities of UNSCOM, which caused intelligence processing (and the resulting inspections) to be backed up and caused confusion with the Iraqis as to who was in charge and as a result, they generally refused to take orders from Ritter or Rolf Ekéus without explicit approval from Annan, which could have taken days, if not weeks. He later believed Annan was oblivious that the Iraqis took advantage of this to delay inspections. He claimed that on one occasion, Annan refused to implement a no-notice inspection of the Iraqi Special Security Organization (SSO) headquarters and instead tried to negotiate access. Still, the negotiation took nearly six weeks, giving the Iraqis more than enough time to clean the site.[69] During the build-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Annan called on the United States and the United Kingdom not to invade without the support of the United Nations. In a September 2004 interview on the BBC, when questioned about the legal authority for the invasion, Annan said he believed it was not in conformity with the UN charter and was illegal.[70][71] Other diplomatic activities [edit] In 1998, Annan was deeply involved in supporting the transition from military to civilian rule in Nigeria. The following year, he supported the efforts of East Timor to secure independence from Indonesia. In 2000, he was responsible for certifying Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon, and in 2006, he led talks in New York between the presidents of Cameroon and Nigeria, which led to a settlement of the dispute between the two countries over the Bakassi peninsula.[72] Annan and Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad disagreed sharply on Iran's nuclear program, on an Iranian exhibition of cartoons mocking the Holocaust, and on the then-upcoming International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust, an Iranian Holocaust denial conference in 2006.[73] During a visit to Iran instigated by continued Iranian uranium enrichment, Annan said: "I think the tragedy of the Holocaust is an undeniable historical fact and we should really accept that fact and teach people what happened in World War II and ensure it is never repeated".[73] Annan supported sending a UN peacekeeping mission to Darfur, Sudan.[74] He worked with the government of Sudan to accept a transfer of power from the African Union peacekeeping mission to a UN one.[75] Annan also worked with several Arab and Muslim countries on women's rights and other topics.[76] Beginning in 1998, Annan convened an annual UN "Security Council Retreat" with the 15 states' council representatives. It was held at the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF) Conference Center at the Rockefeller family estate in Pocantico Hills, New York, and was sponsored by both the RBF and the UN.[77] Lubbers sexual-harassment investigation [edit] In June 2004, Annan was given a copy of the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) report on the complaint brought by four female workers against Ruud Lubbers, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, for sexual harassment, abuse of authority, and retaliation. The report also reviewed a long-serving staff member's allegations of sexual harassment and misconduct against Werner Blatter, director of UNHCR personnel. The investigation found Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment; no mention was made publicly of the other charge against a senior official or two subsequent complaints filed later that year. During the official investigation, Lubbers wrote a letter which some considered a threat to the female worker who had brought the charges.[78] On 15 July 2004, Annan cleared Lubbers of the accusations, saying they were not substantial enough legally.[79] The internal UN–OIOS report on Lubbers was leaked, and sections accompanied by an article by Kate Holt were published in a British newspaper. In February 2005, Lubbers resigned as head of the UN refugee agency, saying he wanted to relieve political pressure on Annan.[80] Oil-for-Food scandal [edit] In December 2004, reports surfaced that the Secretary-General's son Kojo Annan received payments from the Swiss company Cotecna Inspection SA, which had won a lucrative contract under the UN Oil-for-Food Programme. Kofi Annan called for an investigation to look into the allegations.[81] On 11 November 2005, The Sunday Times agreed to apologise and pay a substantial sum in damages to Kojo Annan, accepting that the allegations were untrue.[82] Annan appointed the Independent Inquiry Committee,[83] which was led by former US Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcker,[84] then the director of the United Nations Association of the US. In his first interview with the Inquiry Committee, Annan denied meeting with Cotecna. Later in the inquiry, he recalled having met with Cotecna's chief executive Elie-Georges Massey twice. In a final report issued on 27 October, the committee found insufficient evidence to indict Annan on any illegal actions but did find fault with Benon Sevan, an Armenian-Cypriot national who had worked for the UN for about 40 years. Appointed by Annan to the Oil-For-Food role, Sevan repeatedly asked Iraqis for allocations of oil to the African Middle East Petroleum Company. Sevan's behaviour was "ethically improper", Volcker said to reporters. Sevan repeatedly denied the charges and argued that he was being made a "scapegoat".[85] The Volcker report was highly critical of the UN management structure and the Security Council oversight. It strongly recommended a new chief operating officer (COO) position to handle the fiscal and administrative responsibilities then under the Secretary-General's office. The report listed the Western and Middle Eastern companies that had benefited illegally from the program.[84] Nobel Peace Prize [edit] In 2001, its centennial year, the Nobel Committee decided that the Peace Prize was to be divided between the UN and Annan. They were awarded the Peace Prize "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world",[4] having revitalised the UN and prioritised human rights. The Nobel Committee also recognised his commitment to the struggle to contain the spread of HIV in Africa and his declared opposition to international terrorism.[86] Soon after Annan was awarded the Peace Prize, he was given a chieftaincy title by the Asantehene of Asanteman. The honour was conferred upon him for his "[selfless] contributions to humanity and promotion of peace throughout the world".[87] Relations between the United States and the UN [edit] Annan defended his deputy secretary-general Mark Malloch Brown,[88] who openly criticised the United States in a speech on 6 June 2006: "[T]he prevailing practice of seeking to use the UN almost by stealth as a diplomatic tool while failing to stand up for it against its domestic critics is simply not sustainable. You will lose the UN one way or another. [...] [That] the US is constructively engaged with the UN [...] is not well known or understood, in part because much of the public discourse that reaches the US heartland has been largely abandoned to its loudest detractors such as Rush Limbaugh and Fox News."[89] Malloch later said his talk was a "sincere and constructive critique of U.S. policy toward the U.N. by a friend and admirer".[90] The talk was unusual because it violated the unofficial policy of not having top officials publicly criticise member nations.[90] The interim US ambassador John Bolton, appointed by President George W. Bush, was reported to have told Annan on the phone: "I've known you since 1989 and I'm telling you this is the worst mistake by a senior UN official that I have seen in that entire time."[90] Observers from other nations supported Malloch's view that conservative politicians in the US prevented many citizens from understanding the benefits of US involvement in the UN.[91] Farewell addresses [edit] External videos Farewell Address by Kofi Annan, 11 December 2006, C-SPAN On 19 September 2006, Annan gave a farewell address to world leaders gathered at the UN headquarters in New York in anticipation of his retirement on 31 December. In the speech, he outlined three major problems of "an unjust world economy, world disorder, and widespread contempt for human rights and the rule of law", which he believed "have not resolved, but sharpened" during his time as secretary-general. He also pointed to violence in Africa and the Arab–Israeli conflict as two major issues warranting attention.[92] On 11 December 2006, in his final speech as secretary-general, delivered at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library in Independence, Missouri, Annan recalled President Truman's leadership in the founding of the United Nations. He called for the United States to return to Truman's multilateralist foreign policies and to follow Truman's doctrine that "the responsibility of the great states is to serve and not dominate the peoples of the world". He also said that the United States must maintain its commitment to human rights, "including in the struggle against terrorism".[93][94] Post-UN career [edit] After he served as UN secretary-general, Annan took up residence in Geneva and worked in a leading capacity on various international humanitarian endeavours.[95] Kofi Annan Foundation [edit] Main article: Kofi Annan Foundation In 2007, Annan established the Kofi Annan Foundation, an independent, not-for-profit organisation that "works to promote better global governance and strengthen the capacities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more secure world".[96][97] The organisation was founded on the principles that fair and peaceful societies rest on three pillars: peace and security, sustainable development, and human rights and the rule of law, and they have made it their mission to mobilise the leadership and the political resolve needed to tackle threats to these three pillars ranging from violent conflict to flawed elections and climate change, to achieve "a fairer, more peaceful world".[97] The Foundation provides the analytical, communication and co-ordination capacities needed to ensure that these objectives are achieved.[promotion?] Annan's contribution to peace worldwide is delivered through mediation, political mentoring, advocacy and advice.[promotion?] Through his engagement, Annan aimed to strengthen local and international conflict resolution capabilities. The Foundation provides the analytical and logistical support to facilitate this in cooperation with relevant local, regional and international actors.[98] The Foundation works mainly through private diplomacy, where Annan provided informal counsel and participated in discreet diplomatic initiatives to avert or resolve crises by applying his experience and inspirational leadership.[peacock prose] He was often asked to intercede in crises, sometimes as an impartial, independent mediator, sometimes as a special envoy of the international community. In recent years[timeframe?] he had provided such counsel to Burkina Faso, Kenya, Myanmar, Senegal, Iraq and Colombia.[99] Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation Process [edit] Following the outbreak of violence after the 2007 presidential elections in Kenya, the African Union (AU) established the Panel of Eminent African Personalities to assist in finding a peaceful solution to the crisis.[100] Annan was appointed as chair of the panel, to lead it with Benjamin Mkapa, former president of Tanzania; and humanitarian Graça Machel, the former first lady of Mozambique and South Africa.[101] The panel managed to convince the two principal parties to the conflict, Kenyan president Mwai Kibaki's Party of National Unity (PNU) and Raila Odinga's Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), to participate in the Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation Process (KNDR).[100] Over the course of 41 days of negotiations, several agreements regarding taking actions to stop the violence and to remedy its consequences were signed. On 28 February, President Kibaki and Prime Minister Odinga signed a coalition government agreement.[102][103] Joint Special Envoy for Syria [edit] On 23 February 2012, Annan was appointed as the UN and Arab League joint special envoy to Syria in an attempt to end the civil war taking place.[8] He developed a six-point plan for peace:[104] commit to work with the Envoy in an inclusive Syrian-led political process to address the legitimate aspirations and concerns of the Syrian people, and, to this end, commit to appoint an empowered interlocutor when invited to do so by the Envoy; commit to stop the fighting and achieve urgently an effective United Nations supervised cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties to protect civilians and stabilise the country. To this end, the Syrian government should immediately cease troop movements towards, and end the use of heavy weapons in, population centres, and begin pullback of military concentrations in and around population centres. As these actions are being taken on the ground, the Syrian government should work with the Envoy to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism. Similar commitments would be sought by the Envoy from the opposition and all relevant elements to stop the fighting and work with him to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism; ensure timely provision of humanitarian assistance to all areas affected by the fighting, and to this end, as immediate steps, to accept and implement a daily two-hour humanitarian pause and to coordinate exact time and modalities of the daily pause through an efficient mechanism, including at local level; intensify the pace and scale of release of arbitrarily detained persons, including especially vulnerable categories of persons, and persons involved in peaceful political activities, provide without delay through appropriate channels a list of all places in which such persons are being detained, immediately begin organizing access to such locations and through appropriate channels respond promptly to all written requests for information, access or release regarding such persons; ensure freedom of movement throughout the country for journalists and a non-discriminatory visa policy for them; respect freedom of association and the right to demonstrate peacefully as legally guaranteed. On 2 August, he resigned as envoy to Syria,[105] citing the intransigence of both the Assad government and the rebels, as well as the stalemate on the Security Council as preventing any peaceful resolution of the situation.[106] Annan also stated that the lack of international unity and ineffective diplomacy among world leaders had made the peaceful resolution in Syria an impossible task.[107] Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security [edit] Annan served as the chair of the Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security.[108] The commission was launched in May 2011 as a joint initiative of the Kofi Annan Foundation and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. It comprised 12 eminent individuals from around the world, including Ernesto Zedillo, Martti Ahtisaari, Madeleine Albright and Amartya Sen, and aimed to highlight the importance of the integrity of elections to achieving a more secure, prosperous and stable world. The Commission released its final report, Deepening Democracy, a Strategy to Improve the Integrity of Elections Worldwide,[109] in September 2012. Rakhine Commission (Myanmar) [edit] In September 2016, Annan was asked to lead the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State, Myanmar,[110][111][112][113] an impoverished region beset by ethnic conflict and extreme sectarian violence, particularly by Myanmar's Buddhist majority against the Rohingya Muslim minority, further targeted by government forces.[114][115][116][117] The commission, widely known simply as the "Annan Commission", was opposed by many Myanmar Buddhists as unwelcome interference in their relations with the Rohingya.[110] When the Annan Commission released its final report,[112] the week of 24 August 2017, with recommendations unpopular with all sides, violence exploded in the Rohingya conflict – the largest and bloodiest humanitarian disaster in the region in decades – driving most of the Rohingya from Myanmar.[117][116][118] Annan attempted to engage the United Nations to resolve the matter,[119] but failed. Annan died a week before the first anniversary of the report, shortly after an announcement by a replacement commission that it would not "point fingers" at the guilty parties – leading to widespread concern that the new commission was just a sham to protect culpable Myanmar government officials and citizens from accountability.[113][120][118][121] In 2018, before Annan's death, Myanmar's civilian government, under the direction of State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, made a gesture of acceptance of the Annan commission's recommendations by convening another board – the advisory board for the Committee for Implementation of the Recommendations on Rakhine State – ostensibly to implement the Annan commission's proposed reforms, but never actually implemented them. Some of the international representatives resigned – notably the panel's secretary, Thailand's former foreign minister Surakiart Sathirathai, and former US ambassador to the UN Bill Richardson – decrying the "implementation" committee as ineffective, or a "whitewash".[111][122] Other activities [edit] Corporate boards [edit] In March 2011,[123] Annan became a member of the advisory board for Investcorp Bank B. S. C.[124] Europe,[125] an international private equity firm and sovereign wealth fund owned by the United Arab Emirates. He held the position until 2018. Annan became a member of the Global Advisory Board of Macro Advisory Partners LLP, a risk and strategic consulting firm based in London and New York City for business, finance and government decision-makers, with some operations related to Investcorp.[126] Non-profit organisations [edit] In addition to the above, Annan also became involved with several organisations with both global and African focuses, including the following: United Nations Foundation, member of the board of directors (2008–2018)[127] University of Ghana, chancellor (2008–2018)[128] School of International and Public Affairs of Columbia University, global fellow (2009–2018)[129] The Committee on Global Thought at Columbia University, fellow[130] Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore (NUS), Li Ka Shing Professor (2009–2018)[131] Global Centre for Pluralism, member of the board of directors (2010–2018)[132][133] Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, chairman of the prize committee (2007–2018)[134] Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), chairman (2007–2018)[135] Global Humanitarian Forum, founder and president (2007–2018)[136] Global Commission on Drug Policy, founding commissioner. The commission had declared in a 2011 report that the war on drugs was a failure. Annan believed that, since drug use represents a health risk, it should be regulated, comparing it to the regulation of tobacco which reduced smoking in many countries. Annan served as chair of The Elders, a group of independent global leaders who work together on peace and human rights issues.[140][141] In November 2008, Annan and fellow elders Jimmy Carter and Graça Machel attempted to travel to Zimbabwe to make a first-hand assessment of the humanitarian situation in the country. Refused entry, the Elders instead carried out their assessment from Johannesburg, where they met Zimbabwe- and South Africa-based leaders from politics, business, international organisations, and civil society.[142] In May 2011, following months of political violence in Côte d'Ivoire, Annan travelled to the country with elders Desmond Tutu and Mary Robinson to encourage national reconciliation.[143] On 16 October 2014, Annan attended the One Young World Summit in Dublin. During a session with fellow elder Mary Robinson, Annan encouraged 1,300 young leaders from 191 countries to lead on intergenerational issues such as climate change and the need for action to take place now, not tomorrow:[144][145] We don't have to wait to act. The action must be now. You will come across people who think we should start tomorrow. Even for those who believe action should begin tomorrow, remind them tomorrow begins now, tomorrow begins today, so let's all move forward.[146] Annan chaired the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa. As chair, he facilitated coalition building to leverage and broker knowledge, in addition to convening decision-makers to influence policy and create lasting change in Africa.[promotion?] Every year, the Panel releases a report, the Africa Progress Report,[147] which outlines an issue of immediate importance to the continent and suggests a set of associated policies. In 2014, the Report highlighted the potential of African fisheries, agriculture, and forests to drive economic development.[148] The 2015 report explores the role of climate change and the potential of renewable energy investments in determining Africa's economic future.[149] Prioritisation of snakebite in the WHO Kofi Annan played a pivotal role in getting a WHO resolution on halving the burden of snakebite in late 2020's. [150] Memoir [edit] On 4 September 2012, Annan with Nader Mousavizadeh wrote a memoir, Interventions: A Life in War and Peace.[151] Published by Penguin Press, the book has been described as a "personal biography of global statecraft".[152] Personal life [edit] In 1965, Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from an aristocratic family. Several years later, they had a daughter, Ama, and a son, Kojo. The couple separated in the late 1970s,[153] and divorced in 1983.[13] In 1984, Annan married Nane Lagergren [sv], a Swedish lawyer at the UN and a maternal half-niece of diplomat Raoul Wallenberg. She has a daughter, Nina, from a previous marriage. In 2002, Annan was enstooled by Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II, the Asantehene of Asanteman, as the Busumuru of the Ashanti people - a Ghanaian chief. He was the first person to hold this title.[156][157] Death and state funeral [edit] Annan died on the morning of 18 August 2018 in Bern, Switzerland, at the age of 80, after a short illness.[158][159] António Guterres, the UN secretary-general, said that Annan was "a global champion for peace" and "a guiding force for good".[160][158] Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad also said he is saddened by the death of Annan.[161] His body was returned to his native Ghana from Geneva in a brief and solemn ceremony at the Kotoka International Airport in Accra, on 10 September.[162] His coffin, draped in the blue UN flag, was accompanied by his widow Nane, his children and senior diplomats from the international organisation.[162][163] On 13 September, a state funeral was held for Annan in Ghana at the Accra International Conference Centre.[164] The ceremony was attended by several political leaders from across Africa as well as Ghanaian traditional rulers, European royalty and dignitaries from the international community, including the UN secretary-general António Guterres.[165] Prior to the funeral service, his body lay in state in the foyer of the same venue, from 11 to 12 September.[166] A private burial followed the funeral service at the new Military Cemetery at Burma Camp, with full military honours and the sounding of the Last Post by army buglers and a 17-gun salute.[167][168][169][170] Memorials and legacy [edit] The United Nations Postal Administration released a new stamp in memory of Annan on 31 May 2019.[171] His portrait on the stamp was designed by artist Martin Mörck.[171] The Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre and the Ghana-India Kofi Annan Centre of Excellence in ICT, both in Accra, are named in his honour. The Kofi Annan University of Guinea is named after him.[citation needed] See also [edit] List of black Nobel laureates References [edit] Citations [edit] Bibliography [edit] Further reading [edit] Kofi Annan Foundation Kofi Annan papers Archived 4 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine at the United Nations Archives Kofi Annan on Nobelprize.org (including Nobel Lecture, 10 December 2001) Speeches Statements of Secretary-General Kofi Annan at the Wayback Machine (archived 7 July 2004) Nobel Peace Prize lecture Archived 12 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine Lectures The MacArthur Award for International Justice, 2008 Archived 8 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law Archived 12 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine
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In 2013, his film Argo was nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, for which it won the award. In addition to his successful career as an actor, writer and director, Ben is also a passionate philanthropist and advocate. A longtime political activist and strong supporter of many charitable organizations including ONEXONE, A-T Children’s Project, Feeding America, the Jimmy Fund, and the ONE Campaign. In the last several years, he has made many trips to the African continent with the goal of gaining a deeper understanding of the complexity of issues facing Africa today. These trips have taken him to Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, Sudan and Zanzibar, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. During a 2008 trip to the DRC, Ben directed the short film and public service announcement, “Gimme Shelter,” which focuses on the humanitarian crisis in the country. In March 2010, Ben launched the Eastern Congo Initiative, a grassroots program to assist Congolese people in war-ravaged communities in creating a sustainable and successful society in the region. ECI is the first and only U.S. based advocacy and grant-making initiative wholly focused on working with and for the people of Eastern Congo. Ben has testified before Congress to advocate for U.S. and international engagement in Congo, most recently before the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Projects in March 2015. DERRICK N. ASHONG (DNA) An experienced musician, broadcaster and digital media influencer, DNA has carved out a unique niche as an expert in bridging the gap between old and new media. He has been invited to speak & perform at prestigious institutions including Harvard Business School, Wharton, MIT & Stanford, and has hosted and moderated events for influencers and heads of state including Nobel Laureates Archbishop Desmond Tutu and former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, as well as Gilberto Gil, Ted Turner, Tommy Hilfiger, Bob Geldof, Queen Rania of Jordan, and former President Bill Clinton. His interviews have ranged from celebrities like John Legend, Jimmi Cliff and supermodel Alek Wek, to environmentalist Jane Goodall, senior advisor to President Obama David Axelrod, Governor Jeb Bush and former U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan. Most recently DNA joined the team at Fusion, the new multiplatform ABC-Univision cable network, targeting English-speaking Latinos and the broader Millennial generation. Launching in the Fall of 2013, he will be anchoring a show covering entertainment, technology, politics and the big headlines of the day. Prior to Fusion, his career in media and entertainment included appearances on networks like CNN, BET, MTV Africa, NPR and BBC Worldservice, as well as print media including the NY Times, Boston Globe and Fast Company. He made his Hollywood debut as a supporting actor in Steven Spielberg's Amistad and has worked with multi-platinum record producers. DNA was host of The Derrick Ashong Experience on SIRIUS XM's Oprah Radio and helmed the inaugural year of Al Jazeera English's cutting-edge, social media TV show The Stream, which was nominated for an Emmy. He is leader of the critically-acclaimed Afropolitan band Soulfège, which has charted on both sides of the Atlantic and won the 2008 Billboard Songwriting Contest for Best Hip Hop Song. He has lectured on five continents on the use of media and technology as tools for human development, including talks for the UN Foundation, London School of Economics, King’s College (Cambridge), the Reconciliation Forum in Washington, D.C., the UN Alliance of Civilizations and before UK Parliament. He has had fellowships with the Paul & Daisy Soros Foundation, TED and the Americas Business Council (*abc Foundation) and is a member of the African Leadership Network. Born in Accra, Ghana, the Harvard-educated talent was raised in Brooklyn, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and New Jersey. SAMANTHA COKER As a writer, humanitarian and project manager, Samantha Coker has spent most of her life cultivating a career that exists at the intersection of art and social change. One of Samantha's many strengths is her ability to balance the creative and pragmatic. After receiving a Bachelor of Arts from Smith College, she began a career in the music industry. Always working with bands that had a level of social consciousness, she wove her way through the industry, touching almost every corner of it. In 1999, Samantha was recruited by the Seattle-based, Frank Geary/Paul Allen music museum, The Experience Music Project. She spent three years managing their revenue, cash management, financial database and reporting system until she left for The National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (NARAS). There she helped build new database systems and produce their annual Auction/Awards show fundraiser. This led her to Seattle University, which pioneered one of the first Master's Programs specifically for Non-Profit executives, where she received her Master of Not-for-Profit Leadership with a focus on corporate social responsibility. Samantha moved to Los Angeles in 2004 where she spent time helping produce commercials and films, and over the years offered her non-profit expertise to such charities as her alma mater, Oldfields School for Girls; Salvando Corzones; and Children Mending Hearts, where she was on the founding board and traveled to DR Congo as part of CMH's art exchange between students at L.A.'s Inner City Arts and displaced children in Congo; and most recently Global Green, where she is Chair of the Advisory Board. Her deep curiosity led her to the Burning Man festival where, for the past five years, she has project managed Red Lightning, the foremost spiritual theme camp at Burning Man. Red Lightning focuses on bringing deep spiritual growth, healing and education. Presently, Samantha is writing a book on the spiritual journey of healing grief, loss and betrayal, and the process of soul evolution. She also spends her time traveling extensively, riding horses and offering counsel to those looking to heal or expand their spiritual and emotional lives. DR. BRENDA R. COMBS Dr. Brenda Combs is a symbol of inspiration and perseverance to all who meet her. Only fifteen years ago, she was a homeless crack addict, a petty criminal, a gaunt and hopeless wreck who had been shot, beaten and raped during the endless years when she lived under a bridge in the worst part of Phoenix. It took hitting rock bottom for Combs to find the strength to turn her life around, on a blistering summer day. As a woman, who at one time could not help herself, Combs now spreads a message of hope wherever she goes. Her journey, which has been called “From Homeless to Hero” by local and national media, has received tremendous coverage, including acknowledgement by “theGrio 100” as one of the most influential African-Americans, an article in Reader’s Digest and interviews on The Today Show and on CNN. She has also appeared on radio talk shows across the country, and accepted invitations to sing and share her message on stages across the globe, including the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. Combs continued to pursue her education at Grand Canyon University (GCU), where she earned a master’s degree in Special Education in 2007. And in May 2011, Brenda earned a doctorate degree in Organizational Leadership with an emphasis in Education after receiving a full scholarship grant presented to her by GCU. Professor Combs is now a full-time member of GCU’s faculty. Dr. Combs is the founder of Finding My Shoes, a charitable organization that serves the homeless and underserved communities. Additionally, she and her husband run Making Things Better Sober Living, a transitional program for women who have been incarcerated. Her success rate for this program is an astounding 99%. She also serves as an advocate for Domestic Violence Awareness and, in 2009, Combs was named a National Ambassador for the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association's "Power to End Stroke" campaign. JEFF FLEEHER Jeff Fleeher is a long-time financial executive of NBC Universal. He is currently serving as Worldwide Chief Financial Officer for Universal Pictures Home Entertainment, responsible for financial and operational strategy to support content sales and marketing efforts across UPHE’s 11 operating companies around the world. Previously, Jeff held the role of Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer & Strategy, Content Distribution where he managed financial matters, strategy and business operations for the distribution of NBCU’s cable networks, network-owned NBC and Telemundo stations, regional sports networks and Olympic Games across the cable, satellite and telecommunications industry. In addition, he oversaw financial matters for the Digital Distribution Team, focused on the roll-out of TV Everywhere and other Digital TV platforms. Before joining NBCU, Jeff worked at GE Corporate and GE Energy, completing financial and operational assignments in the U.S., Europe and Latin America. Prior his time with GE, Jeff was a Commissioned Officer in the United States Army, where he served 7 years active duty service as an AH-64 (Apache) helicopter pilot, completing both command and staff assignments in the U.S., Germany and Bosnia. Jeff is a graduate of the Boston University School of Management and holds an MBA from the University of Southern California’s Marshall School of Business. KYM GOLD Raised in Malibu, California, Kym Gold was influenced by the endless golden sunsets and the natural beauty of her surroundings. Throughout the last 25 years, Kym’s unwavering drive and captivating style has helped to achieve multiple successes in the fashion industry. Kym Gold incepted notable clothing labels including, True Religion Brand Jeans, Bella Dahl, Hippie Jeans, and recently Babakul. Her fashions over the years have been worn by a diverse range of individuals such as David Beckham, Tom Ford, Angelina Jolie, Donna Karan, Heidi Klum, Jennifer Lopez, Madonna, Gwyneth Paltrow, Gwen Stefani, Holly Robinson Peete, and Justin Timberlake. Her designs have been featured in top fashion magazines, including Vogue, Elle, Harper’s Bazaar, In Style, and Rolling Stone. Currently, Kym has combined her 25 years of experience as a principal owner and designer of many prosperous ventures, along with her entrepreneurship to embark on new path of domestic and International consultation for new up- start fashion companies, and brand and marketing consultation for existing companies. For many years, Kym has wanted to share her vast experience and insight in the Fashion Industry and finally in 2014, together with her co – author Sharon Soboil, they have written a telling memoir titled, “Gold Standard” Kym feels strongly about empowering a younger generation of women, and that sharing her tumultuous journey in the fashion industry, especially as a leading business woman in a man’s game; along with her personal life struggles of relationship mistakes, business failures and successes, will give some valued insight to the upcoming Fashionista’s. Maybe just the extra needed strength and useful tools to help even one woman, whether in fashion or not, onto becoming a stronger and better version of themselves. DAVID HELLIER Mr. Hellier has twenty years experience launching new consumer businesses, products and brands, and elevating them to positions of worldwide recognition and trust. Mr. Hellier is a Partner at Bertram Capital, where he oversees Business Development. Bertram Capital is a San Mateo, CA based private equity firm with $850M in capital under management Prior to joining Bertram Capital, Hellier was President, CEO and Board Member of The Gemesis Corporation, a technology company that developed the world’s first man-made diamonds for the gem and jewelry industry. The technology received extensive press coverage, including 60 Minutes II, The Discovery Channel, ABC World News Tonight, Today Show, Time Magazine and Wired Magazine. Hellier was the founder and Executive Vice President of GlobalStreams, Inc., a leading provider of Internet-delivered video solutions. Prior to GlobalStreams, Hellier served as Vice President of Marketing for AskJeeves, a leading provider of search technologies and services on the Internet. Mr. Hellier’s strategic brand building grew the site into the 12th most visited destination and created one of the most recognizable brands on the Internet. Prior to AskJeeves, Mr. Hellier served at Iomega, where he helped to launch one of the most successful computer products in the world — the Zip Drive. In his five years with Iomega, Mr. Hellier’s accomplishments included building Iomega’s Asia-Pacific Division and serving as Vice President of North America Sales and Marketing. Mr. Hellier’s career began at Energizer Power Systems (formerly Gates Energy Products), a rechargeable battery company. Mr. Hellier graduated from the University of Florida, where he earned a both a Bachelor of Science and a Master of Arts in Economics. JULIETTE HOHNEN One of the top brokers in LA and a Top 10 agent, Juliette Hohnen has parlayed her relationships internationally, on both coasts, and in the entertainment business into an unstoppable and unique real estate selling machine. Along with her polished sales skills, tough negotiating style, attention to detail, and innovative marketing ideas, she has managed to combine her extensive relationships within the broker community to consistently close deals no matter how impossible they seem during the selling and buying process. Working as a true entrepreneur, Juliette has the ability to create new and interesting ways of marketing properties throughout the Southland. An admitted “houseaholic,” Juliette Hohnen’s true passion is real estate. Born in London, she studied interior design at The Inchbald School of Art and Design. Applying her talent for multi-tasking and her ability to see the next big trends, she has bought, renovated and sold houses on both U.S. coasts. Many of her designs, which cover a breadth of styles, have been featured in multiple magazines of note. Before real estate Juliette had a 15-year career as an award-winning television producer and journalist. She ran the West Coast Bureau of MTV where she produced their movie programming. Juliette was also an on-camera reporter for MTV news, and reporter and producer of The Big Picture. She then went on to work for ET, TNT, and later became the West Coast Editor of Tatler, British Harpers and Esquire, as well as contributing editor at In Style, Jane and a writer at Vogue. Juliette’s transition from design to an award-winning real estate career was seamless. As a trained designer, she has the unique ability to visualize a property’s possibilities--a skill that benefits both sellers and buyers. She is imaginative and decisive, well versed in the intricacies of real estate transactions and a powerhouse marketer. Her clients are effusive in describing her exceptional skills: “Juliette can think outside the box, is honest and innovative, and frankly, great to spend time with.” “She has an uncanny ability to zero in on what I was looking for.” “Warm and personable, while also tough-minded and clear-headed in conducting a real estate transaction.” “Her personality, judgment, and positive attitude made her a dream to work with.” CHARMAINE JEFFERSON Charmaine Jefferson is a native Angelino with a varied arts and entertainment career that first included 8 years as a professional concert dancer before she turned to law and arts administration. As a grant maker she served 6 years as senior dance program specialist and site visit coordinator for the National Endowment for the Arts. In the corporate world she worked as a civil litigator for the law firm of Holland and Knight; as a corporate director for Just Toys, Inc.; as vice president of business affairs for de Passe Entertainment; and, as director of show development for Disney Entertainment Productions. However, Charmaine’s strongest passions have always been for the arts, culture and public service. She served 6 years as deputy and acting commissioner of New York City’s Department of Cultural Affairs where she helped manage the agency through significant city budget cuts, an expanded capital construction program, a public relations initiative, and the installation of arts education programs for children living in temporary housing. She served 6 years as executive director of Dance Theatre of Harlem helming that institution’s $7.8m capital expansion, company national and international tours, school operations, fundraising, marketing and board relations. Charmaine recently completed 11 years of dual service as the executive director of the state-agency California African American Museum (CAAM) in Los Angeles and vice president of its nonprofit partner Friends, the Foundation of the California African American Museum. Her tenure developed relationships for CAAM with numerous community based organizations to create shared programming opportunities, nationally shared exhibits, and completed plans for a $60M CAAM capital expansion through schematics. Despite significant state budget cuts caused by the recession, exhibit presentations rose from 6 to 13 annually. She conceived several exhibitions including The African Diaspora in the Work of Miguel Covarrubias, and the Getty’s “Pacific Standard Time” sponsored exhibition of more than 90 Los Angeles artists in Places of Validation, Art & Progression. She fostered exhibit collaborations with other museums including An Idea Called Tomorrow with the Skirball Cultural Center; Things That Cannot Be Seen Any Other Way: The Art Of Manuel Mendive in association with the City of Los Angeles and The Frost Museum; and A Memoir in Movement: Carmen de Lavallade and Geoffrey Holder with the DuSable Museum. During her tenure, CAAM’s annual attendance increased 68% to 100,000 and free public workshops and programs rose from 35 to 80 including the branding of the highly popular monthly “Target Sundays at CAAM” live performances. Charmaine is particularly proud of having implemented a strategic vision for “Mentoring Generations” that enhanced CAAM’s ability to give back to the community. She increased its “Buses & Docents” school field trip support, and expanded the “Young Docents” high school employment training from summer only to a year round program with student access through their first two years of college. In 2013, the Friends Foundation linked Young Docents to the City of Los Angeles’ youth employment program creating greater access for youth living in and transitioning out of foster care, encouraging the pursuit of a college education, and providing opportunities for access to paid employment and customer service experiences. Charmaine remains a staunch community advocate and arts expert, serving nonprofits through Kélan Resources, her cause driven consulting firm dedicated to integrating art, history, culture, business and diversity into the DNA of education, community, philanthropy, and public and private collaborations. A partial list of recent clients include the Tom & Ethel Bradley Foundation, Lula Washington Contemporary Dance Theatre, Rain Art Productions, Pasadena Playhouse and Opera Noir. Charmaine is equally active as a volunteer having served on innumerable boards and commissions throughout her career. She recently completed 8 years of gubernatorial appointments on the California Arts Council. She continues to serve on the Board of Directors of Arts for LA, as a college trustee and academic committee chair for the California Institute of the Arts, as a mayoral appointee and vice chair of the City of Los Angeles’ Cultural Affairs Commission, on the African American Advisory Council for PBS SoCal, and on the Advisory Committee for the Los Angeles County Cultural Affairs Commission’s “Cultural Equity and Inclusion Initiative.” PAIGE LAURIE Paige Laurie is the owner of Malibu’s Trancas Country Market and Vintage Grocers, a uniquely curated grocery store experience in the Los Angeles area. Laurie’s concept for Vintage Grocers – rooted in her conviction that a market should embrace all customers’ food beliefs – was first realized in 2014 with the opening of Vintage Grocers in Malibu, and followed by the 2016 launch of a second location in Westlake Village. The third Vintage Grocers store will open in Pacific Palisades in 2018. In line with her entrepreneurial nature, Laurie has developed a hotel, commercial mixed-use centers, and restaurants in Florida, Illinois and Missouri. She also owns and manages commercial and rental properties throughout Southern California. One of those holdings, Trancas Country Market, is Malibu’s premier shopping destination, and home to the debut location of Vintage Grocers. Sensitive to the unique spirit of Malibu, Laurie has built on the success of Vintage Grocers by partnering with a cohesive mix of retailers for Trancas, including artisanal brands native to the area, as well boutiques and designer stores. Laurie is further enhancing the grounds with other attractions such as a local garden nursery, an open-air commons, and revamped restaurant offerings. Laurie’s knack for retail and property development is heavily influenced by her childhood, as she was immersed in her parents’ businesses from an early age. The knowledge she gained provided her with an innate understanding of the consumer landscape as it applies to demographics and lifestyles today. She is committed to improving the communities in which her markets are located. Laurie also has a passion for the arts, fashion, design, and travel. She grew up in Columbia, Missouri and has lived in Los Angeles for over 16 years. ERIN MARTIN Erin Martin is an entrepreneurial storyteller with 30 years of diverse management, consulting and creative work experience in both the for-profit and non-profit worlds. Erin left investment banking in Chicago to relocate to Los Angeles to produce feature films and television. Creating content that inspires and helps connect people and encourages positive, meaningful social action is Erin’s first love. She led development for Dolly Parton’s former production company, Sandollar, after which she founded Lunaria Films as an independent film and television producer, and a consultant for digital platform creative content. Erin has been a producer on five feature films and 12 short films, and an executive on another eight features. Erin is involved with charitable non-profits primarily aimed at utilizing the arts as a tool for self-expression and for giving a voice to trauma as an outlet to heal. Her area of interest has been children at-risk in the U.S. and children in regions suffering from conflict or catastrophe. Erin has been involved with Children Mending Hearts from its inception. Her focus is on marketing and developing relationships for the organization’s programs, designed to meet the needs of children in at-risk environments. Erin’s ability to digest concepts and situations and render them into clear narratives, aids in getting needed messaging out about the organization. A native of Chicago, Erin holds a bachelor’s degree in English Literature from Clarke University, with minors in Business and Journalism; and pursued graduate studies at the University of Chicago and Northwestern University. Erin is active in a number of other charities including as Secretary, Board of Directors for Playing to Live!. Previous Board Memberships in Chicago include The School of the Art Institute and Friends of Prentice at Northwestern Memorial Hospital. She currently resides in Santa Monica, CA. Charlotte Reznick PhD Charlotte Reznick PhD is a foremost authority on how to engage with and develop mindfulness, mediation, and imagination for children and teens. She is author of the Los Angeles Times bestselling book, The Power of Your Child’s Imagination: How to Transform Stress and Anxiety into Joy and Success and contributing author of the chapter “Imagery as a Therapeutic Tool with Children" to Transformative Imagery: Cultivating Imagination for Healing, Change, and Growth. Dr. Reznick is a child educational psychologist, a former UCLA Associate Clinical Professor of Psychology, and was named Imagery International’s Person of the Year in 2012 for the global impact of her work. Dr. Reznick has a 35-year meditation practice, and is the creator of Imagery For Kids: Breakthrough for Learning, Creativity, and Empowerment, a mindful, positive coping skills program. In addition to her private practice in Los Angeles, California, she creates therapeutic meditation CDs for children, teens, and parents, blogs for Psychology Today and Huffington Post, is a frequent media consultant, and teaches workshops internationally on the healing power of child and adolescent imagination. You can find out more about her, including watching her TEDx talk, at www.ImageryForKids.com. AUSTIN STOFFERS Austin Stoffers is the co-founder of Pure Cycles, formally Pure Fix Cycles. Austin founded Pure Fix Cycles with two of his best friends since kindergarten while attending the University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Business in 2010. Pure Fix Cycles quickly grew to become one of the largest recognized single speed bicycle manufactures in the world, offering the highest levels of quality, service, and value. Their solution to this demand was to focus on a simple, stylish, single-speed bicycle that allowed the customer to reflect their personality at a price point that was obtainable. Pure Fix Cycles also saw a need and demand for stylish city and lifestyle bikes so Pure City Cycles was created. The same drive and determination that brought Pure Fix Cycles to success produced stylish, high-quality city bicycles at a competitive price point, allowing all types of riders to enjoy the brand and its customer experience. A full line of complementing accessories was also developed so customers could fully customize their new bicycle. Now both brands live under the name Pure Cycles. For every charity bicycle sold $100 is donated.Pure Cycles is proud to support philanthropies such as, charity: water and their initiatives to support clean water in developing countries, as well as People for Bikes with their efforts to improve bicycle infrastructure across the country. Austin has been recognized as a 30 under 30 entrepreneur by Forbes magazine and a 40 under 40 entrepreneur by the San Fernando Valley Business Journal.
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support countries with scorecard tools, EMCs, youth engagement and high level advocacy.	en	https://alma2030.org/wp-…e-icon-32x32.png	African Leaders Malaria Alliance	https://alma2030.org/about-alma/alma-secretariat/	ALMA’s headquarters are based in Dar Es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania. The ALMA secretariat is composed of a diverse group of experts in public health, health policy, advocacy and communications. We support countries with high-level engagement, rollout of national scorecard tools, End Malaria Councils and Funds, youth engagement and high level advocacy including through the African Union and Regional Economic Communities. Our team is guided by the determination to see Africa realise shared prosperity through the elimination of the continent’s most rampant and yet preventable and curable diseases. Joy Phumaphi Joy Phumaphi is the executive secretary at the African Leaders Malaria Alliance and is a former minister of health of the Republic of Botswana. Learn more about Joy. Ambassador Professor Sheila Tlou Ambassador Tlou was appointed as Special Ambassador in the fight against malaria by His Excellency President Uhuru Kenyatta (ALMA Chair from January 2020 to August 2022) in 2021. Professor Tlou is co-chair of the Global HIV Prevention Coalition and holds a similar position at the Nursing Now Campaign. She is a former UNAIDS Regional Director for Eastern and Southern Africa, former Minister for Health in the Republic of Botswana, and a former Director of the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Nursing Development in primary health care. As UNAIDS Regional Director, Professor Tlou provided leadership and political advocacy for a sustainable AIDS response in 21 African countries. As co-chair of the Nursing Now Campaign, she leads a global movement, run in collaboration with the World Health Organization and the International Council of Nurses, which aims to maximise nurses’ contributions to the achievement of universal health coverage. Ambassador Anthony Okara Ambassador Okara was appointed as Special Ambassador in the fight against malaria by His Excellency President Uhuru Kenyatta (ALMA Chair from January 2020 to August 2022) in 2021. Ambassador Okara is a lawyer, diplomat and international civil servant. He has been involved in multilateral engagements and public sector reforms for almost 2 decades in Kenya, East Africa and on the African continent at large. He was the Deputy Chief of Staff (2008 to 2017) in the Bureau of the Deputy Chairperson at the African Union Commission. As the Head of Cabinet at the Deputy Chairperson’s office, he was at the centre of essential capacity building and extensive institutional reforms at the African Union. Dr Melanie Renshaw Melanie serves as ALMA’s Principal Director. She oversees the development of the ALMA Scorecard for Action and Accountability, tracking country level progress in achieving key malaria and health targets in Africa, supporting national malaria control programmes and ministries of health in Africa to resolve technical and implementation bottlenecks. Melanie previously worked for UNICEF at country, regional and headquarters level and the World Health Organization. She has a PhD from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. Dr Charles Paluku Charles is a Senior Malaria Technical Advisor at ALMA. He is a senior public health development specialist with over 30 years of experience in national, regional and international programme management of communicable and non-communicable diseases. He is also a member of several professional associations and working groups. Dr Paluku has worked for the World Health Organization as Team Leader of the malaria control and elimination programme at the inter-country support team and is a former Director of Combating Childhood Communicable Diseases Programme in Democratic Republic of the Congo. He holds a Doctor of Medicine Degree from the University of Kinshasa (Lovanium), a Master of Public Health from the Prince Leopold Institute for Tropical Medicine, and a Diploma in Malariology and Malaria Control from the University of Bordeaux II, France. Samson Katikiti Samson is ALMA’s Senior Programme Officer and Database Manager. Samson holds a Bachelor of Science Honours in Engineering and postgraduate degree in Information and Knowledge Management. He has worked at the World Health Organization’s Regional Office for Africa, managing the sub-regional malaria database for Eastern and Southern Africa. In this role, he supported the establishment of composite malaria databases, use of geographical information systems in malaria control and production of routine malaria surveillance bulletins in Eastern and Southern African countries. During his tenure at ALMA, Samson has contributed to malaria programme reviews and supported malaria indicator surveys in Eastern and Southern Africa. Dr Abraham Mnzava Abraham is ALMA’s Senior Malaria Coordinator and Director of the ALMA Tanzania Office. He supports national and regional regulatory systems to enhance the introduction of new tools for malaria control. He works with the African Union, its organs and Regional Economic Communities to advance the agenda for the local production of pharmaceuticals and vector control commodities in Africa. Prior to joining ALMA, Abraham was the coordinator of the Entomology and Vector Control Unit in the World Health Organisation Global Malaria Programme. In this role, he had been responsible for leading and coordinating global policy-making processes and supporting the implementation of malaria vector control interventions. Abraham holds a Bachelor and a Master of Science Degree in Biology from the University of Dar es Salaam, a Master of Science in Medical Entomology and Parasitology from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK and a PhD from the University of Basel, Switzerland. Dr Ketema Bizuneh Ketema is a public health specialist responsible for the coordination of the reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health within ALMA. He supports the development and consistent use of the RMNCAH and community scorecard tools by the country ministry of health teams to guide actions and accountabilities at all levels. Having served the UN, international non-governmental organisations and government systems in programme and management responsibilities, Ketema works towards using his experience in strengthening partnership at all levels including the community. Diego Duque Diego is a Senior Programme Officer at ALMA. He supports African governments with the implementation and strengthening of scorecard management tools for malaria, RMNCAH, nutrition, NTDs and community health. Diego also supports ministries of health to strengthen national DHIS2 health information systems with respect to scorecard-related applications and data quality. He has worked on enhancing data-driven decision-making, accountability and transparency in over 30 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the United States, largely in the sectors of health, education and economic development. He holds a Master’s degree in Public Administration and International Policy and Management from New York University and a Bachelor’s degree in Anthropology and Political Science from the University of Connecticut. Dr Foluke Olusegun Foluke is a Senior Programme Officer at ALMA. Her role includes supporting the development and use of national malaria and RMNCAH scorecard tools, analysing and documenting best practices in their use. Dr Olusegun also supports ALMA’s work in local manufacturing and regulation. She holds a Bachelor’s degree and PhD in Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry respectively. Prior to joining ALMA, she worked as a technical officer with the World Health Organization (Switzerland and Ethiopia) and as a research scientist at a United States Department of Defense Biomedical Research facility (USA). Robert Ndieka Robert is a Senior Programme Officer supporting ALMA scorecard tools. He has previously worked for the African Union Commission, East African Community, African Medical and Research Foundation African Union’s Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources, and International Center for Reproductive Health among others. Robert holds a Master of Public Health and Epidemiology degree and has in-depth knowledge of health systems across the African continent. He also has a wealth of experience in policy advocacy, diplomacy, regional integration, health programming and putting in place action and accountability mechanisms for health. James Banda James serves as ALMA Francophone Scorecard Web Platform Officer. He facilitates scorecard workshops and leads Scorecard Web Platform training in French and English. He also supports ongoing development and maintenance of the Scorecard Web Platform. Furthermore, he helps ALMA country focal points with ongoing efforts to strengthen scorecard tools by providing tailored support to countries, tracking implementation progress and documenting best practices. Dr Irenée Umulisa Irenée is the Neglected Tropical Diseases Senior Programme Officer at ALMA. She is a public health expert, epidemiologist, gender and development specialist and consultant. She has over 14 years of working experience in the design, implementation, management, monitoring and evaluation of various disease control programmes, public policy development and implementation, diseases surveillance, outbreak investigation and response, operations and clinical trials research and clinical practice in referral and district hospitals. Prior to joining ALMA, she served in the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Rwanda as well as the World Health Organization. End Malaria Councils team Stephen Rooke Stephen is ALMA’s End Malaria Council and Fund Advisor. End Malaria Councils and Funds are country-led and country-owned initiatives focused on mobilising advocacy, action, accountability and resources to support malaria control and elimination. Stephen researches and advises ALMA member states on the technical processes of establishing national councils and funds and documents best practices related to governance, advocacy and resource mobilisation. Prior to joining ALMA, Stephen worked as a management consultant with experience advising governments, the private sector and nonprofit philanthropies around the globe. Stephen is a licensed attorney and received a B.A. in Political Science & Policy Studies (Rice University), J.D. (University of Michigan Law School, Michigan Journal of International Law), and LL.M. (University of Nebraska College of Law, thesis on telehealth and development). Dr Elizabeth Chizema-Kawesha Elizabeth is the Senior Programme Officer for End Malaria and NTD Councils and Funds and seconded to support Zambia’s End Malaria Council and Fund. She has supported the country to establish the End Malaria Council and Fund, which is a country-owned and led high-level multi-sectoral body convened to support malaria elimination efforts through advocacy, resource mobilisation, action and accountability. Dr Chizema has held various national leadership positions such as Director of Zambia’s National Malaria Elimination Programme. She serves on various national and international committees including the Gates MSAP, the Innovative Vector Control Consortium board and SOE Course. Dr Chizema is a medical doctor and a public health practitioner. Dr Denise Njama-Meya Denise is a public health specialist working with ALMA to provide technical assistance and support in the designing, planning and launching of country-led and county-owned End Malaria Councils and Funds with a focus in the areas of governance, secretariat operations, advocacy, action and resource mobilisation. She also supports the documentation of best practices. Prior to joining ALMA, she worked as a consultant supporting several countries in the development of their Global Fund malaria applications, in conducting national malaria programme reviews, and in developing national malaria strategic plans as well as malaria policies. She also has expertise in community, human rights, and gender in health including addressing human rights and gender barriers in malaria programming. She supported the development of the Global Fund Malaria, Human Rights and Gender technical briefs and training tools as well as conducted training of national malaria programme leaders, development partners and WHO staff in the Africa region on gender in malaria programming. Denise holds a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery, a Masters of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and a Post-graduate Diploma in Tropical Medicine and Hygiene from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. Dr Adiel Mushi Adiel is the End Malaria Council and Fund Coordinator in the United Republic of Tanzania. Besides this role, Adiel supports the community scorecard work. He supports parliamentary engagement and high-level advocacy for the national scorecard tools for the United Republic of Tanzania. He works closely with the African Union Commission and Regional Economic Communities to ensure that Malaria remains high on the political and development agenda of the continent. Scorecard Hub team Thomas Davies Thomas is the ALMA Scorecard Hub Coordinator. The Scorecard Hub is an online platform that lets countries transparently share health data and best practices on the use of scorecard management tools. The hub also provides online courses and guides to help countries create, analyse and improve their scorecard tools. Prior to joining ALMA, Thomas has led digital projects in local government and the charity sector in the UK. Dr Anne Gasasira Anne is the Senior Programme Officer for Malaria and Monitoring and Evaluation at ALMA. Anne’s role includes supporting the development and use of national malaria and reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health scorecard tools, analysing and documenting best practices in their use. Anne is also involved in facilitating country-level work on parliamentary engagement and resource mobilisation for malaria. Anne is a medical doctor and epidemiologist and has worked in different areas of malaria control for over 15 years. Communications team Tawanda Chisango Tawanda is the Chief of Communications supporting ALMA’s core functions in driving action and accountability, advocacy and resource mobilisation. Prior to this, Tawanda has held several positions in communications, campaigns, resource mobilisation, advocacy, political engagement and accountability at the African Union, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, UNAIDS, UNDP and various international organisations in international development. Tawanda holds a Master of Science in Media and Society Studies and a Bachelor of Science Honours in Media and Society Studies. William Dekker William is the Youth, Communication and Advocacy Technical Advisor at ALMA. William is a strategic public relations and communication specialist whose expertise spans through development and execution of communication and public relations strategies, audio-visual production, digital media management, and technical and creative writing and editing. He possesses superb media relations skills with a comprehensive understanding of the media landscape in Africa. William has previously managed communication initiatives for intergovernmental organisations, government ministries, state departments and agencies, multinationals and nonprofits. Joy Njambi Joy is the Digital Engagement Specialist supporting ALMA in the realisation of its mandate in advocacy, resource mobilisation and action and accountability. Previously, she has successfully led advocacy campaigns in Kenya, advocating for sexual reproductive health right for marginalised populations as well as health rights for TB patients in the country. A development communications specialist, she has in other capacities developed and executed integrated communication strategies across a broad range of sectors including international development agencies, nonprofits, private sector and government ministries, departments and agencies. Petrider Paul Petrider is a Youth Engagement Officer at ALMA. Her role includes supporting the implementation of ALMA’s strategy for youth engagement and mainstreaming youth involvement in ALMA’s core activities such as End Malaria Councils and Funds, scorecard management tools, the ALMA Scorecard Hub, advocacy and communications, regional economic communities and support to countries. Prior to joining ALMA, she served as a member of the African Union Youth Advisory Council. She had also served as a Programme Officer for the UK government’s Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office’s Tanzania office and as a UNICEF Tanzania consultant to produce communications material for children in line with the national plan of action for ending violence against women and children. She holds a post-graduate diploma in Economic Diplomacy from the Mozambique-Tanzania Centre for Foreign Relations and a Bachelor of Arts degree in International Relations from the University of Dodoma, Tanzania. Finance and audit team Souleymane Balde Souleymane is the Chief Finance Officer at ALMA, leading institutional accounting, and financial management since 2020. Souleymane holds a Master of Business Administration degree from King Graduate School of Business from Monroe College in the USA and a bachelor’s degree in accounting from Kofi Annan University of Guinea. Prior to joining ALMA in 2014, he worked as a Chief Accountant for OIC International in Guinea and Finance Manager for Winrock International. Oluwakemi Oyebade Oluwakemi is a Senior Accounting and Human Resources Officer at ALMA. She manages ALMA’s financial accounts and accounting records, and the preparation of financial reports, statements, and analysis in accordance with applicable professional accounting standards and best practices among other assignments. Frank Ohene Anaafi Frank is a Senior Finance Officer at ALMA and is responsible for financial reporting, record keeping and ensuring effective internal controls and accounting standards are in place across projects. He holds a Master of Business Administration in Finance from Coventry University, United Kingdom, and has over 15 years working experience in international development across West Africa and in the United States. Prior to joining ALMA, Frank worked as Finance and Operations Manager at OIC International, USA and previously as the Finance and Administration Director for the US$35million USAID-funded Title II Food project in Liberia. Frank possesses the experience, knowhow and hands-on expertise in project implementation, financial accounting, strategic financial planning, internal control systems and community and rural development. Alpha Sakho Alpha is a Junior Accounting Officer at ALMA. He has a Bachelor’s of Science in Economics with a concentration in finance from Towson University in the USA. Prior to joining ALMA, he worked as an intern at PWC. His responsibilities ranges from managing financial reports, statements, records as well as adhering to best practices and procedures. Dar es Salaam headquarters office team The headquarters team is overseen by Dr Abraham Mnzava who serves as Director of the ALMA Tanzania Office and as Senior Malaria Coordinator. Halima Mustafa Halima is an Accountant at ALMA’s Dar Es Salaam office. She is responsible for processing the monthly payroll, developing monthly financial reports as well as monthly bank reconciliations. In addition to other roles, she contributes to the implementation of audit recommendations. Prior to ALMA. Halima Mustafa, served as an Assistant Accountant at PWC in Tanzania for over 20 years. Annette Huho Annette is an ALMA’s Programme Associate. She supports the preparation and dissemination of the ALMA Scorecard for Accountability and Action and country-specific quarterly reports, correspondence and calls and other logistics for ALMA forums, End Malaria Council coordination, high-level summits, meetings and workshops. She also supports the implementation of African Union Commission and ALMA joint work plan and assists the ALMA Dar es Salaam Office Manager in administrative functions. She is also responsible for managing the ALMA Executive Secretary’s calendar. Neema Mtega Neema is an Assistant Programme Associate at ALMA, providing general administrative support for ALMA, where she joined in October 2018. Neema holds a Master of Public Administration from Mzumbe University and a Bachelor of Arts in International Relations from the University of Dodoma. Before joining ALMA, she served as an intern administrator at Nafasi Arts Space.
7734	dbpedia	3	89	http://intercoafrica.com/Profile-of-Family-Health-University-College--The-First-Private-Medical-School-in-Ghana/	en	Profile of Family Health University College: The First Private Medical School in Ghana	https://intercoafrica.co…ploads/fhu10.jpg	https://intercoafrica.co…ploads/fhu10.jpg	[ "https://intercoafrica.com/uploads/images/2023-12-16/I.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/uploads/fhu10.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/assets/plugins/ckfinder/core/connector/php/uploads/images/fhu12.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/assets/plugins/ckfinder/core/connector/php/uploads/images/fhu1.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/assets/plugins/ckfinder/core/connector/php/uploads/images/Main(1).png", "https://intercoafrica.com/assets/plugins/ckfinder/core/connector/php/uploads/images/fhu4.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/assets/plugins/ckfinder/core/connector/php/uploads/images/fhu14.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/assets/plugins/ckfinder/core/connector/php/uploads/images/fhu3.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/assets/plugins/ckfinder/core/connector/php/uploads/images/fhu15.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/assets/plugins/ckfinder/core/connector/php/uploads/images/fhu2.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/assets/plugins/ckfinder/core/connector/php/uploads/images/fhu13.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/uploads/thumb/FB_IMG_1690330900615.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/uploads/thumb/akrotco-1.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/uploads/thumb/mamtech-33.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/uploads/thumb/mamtech-33.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/uploads/thumb/berekum-3.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/uploads/thumb/uds-2.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/uploads/thumb/girls-sch.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/uploads/thumb/umat-arts.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/uploads/thumb/FOOS.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/uploads/thumb/gnmtaa-(1).jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/uploads/thumb/FB_IMG_1690508777577.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/uploads/thumb/baidoo-8.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/uploads/images/2023-12-16/I1.jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/uploads/thumb/gnmtaa-(1).jpg", "https://intercoafrica.com/uploads/thumb/FB_IMG_1690508777577.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "Family Health University College", "Profile", "First Private Medical School in Ghana", "Nursing and Midwifery School", "Kofi Annan International Peace Keeping Training Centre", "Teshie" ]	null	[ "intercoafrica.com" ]	null	Family Health University College Profile First Private Medical School in Ghana Nursing and Midwifery School Kofi Annan International Peace Keeping Training Centre Teshie	en	https://intercoafrica.co…023-12-15/I6.jpg		http://intercoafrica.com/Profile-of-Family-Health-University-College--The-First-Private-Medical-School-in-Ghana/	Writer: Isa Ali Photo Credit: FHUC Family Health University College is the first Private Medical School in Ghana. It comprises of a Nursing and Midwifery School, Medical School and a Hospital. The Vision of the University College is “to be a prime centre for the education and training of health professionals, for the advancement of human health”. Watch IntercoAfricaTV on YouTube and Facebook The University College’s Mission is “to contribute to the improvement of the health of all our people through quality education, mission-oriented research, and the provision of effective and efficient health care delivery”. Their Core Values are the “principal ideals which determine who we are as an institution. They permeate every process and activity, and are infused in the character of faculty, staff and students of FHUC. They are: Innovation; Lifelong learning; Leadership; Teamwork; Collaboration; Integrity; Professionalism; Compassion; Inclusiveness; and Diversity”. The institution has modern facilities and spacious laboratories and lecture halls. Its hospital serves as a 24/7 practical centre where students have their ‘clinicals’. It also has spacious environment for students’ relaxation. Family Health University College started in a garage at 51 Guggisberg Street, Korle Bu in 1997 as a Diagnostic Centre, and was later moved into a rented premise at Zoti Road as Family Health Hospital. In 2007, it was relocated to its permanent site at Teshie, overlooking the Atlantic Ocean and directly opposite the Kofi Annan International Peace Keeping Training Centre. As the hospital expanded, the need to train its own health personnel saw the establishment of the Nursing and Midwifery School in 2009. Join Pad-On Foundation on Facebook/Instagram/X/YouTube and help equip the African Girl Child. email padonfoundation@gmail.com now. Donate to Mobile Money Number 0598967293 (Pad-On Foundation); orMomoPay: 567986 (Pad-On Foundation) The National Accreditation Board (now Ghana Tertiary Education Commission [GTEC]) issued a Certificate of Authorisation to the Family Health Hospital to establish the Family Health Medical School, which is Ghana’s Premier Private Medical School on June 2, 2014. Thereafter, the National Accreditation Board also gave the Family Health Medical School accreditation on April 01, 2015. In 2016, the Institution was given a University College status and formally became known as Family Health University College. The Founders of Family Health University College are Professor Enyonam Yao Kwawukume and Dr. Susu Bridget Kwawukume. Professor Enyonam Yao Kwawukume (MB ChB, FWACS, FGCPS, FACOG, Adm. & Mgt) the President of the University College, is also the Inaugural Professor and Chair, K. K. Bensti-Enchill Chair, College of Health Sciences, UG Legon. In recognition of his significant contribution to teaching and research in the area of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Professor Enyonam Yao Kwawukume was elected an Honorary Fellow of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (ACOG). Professor Enyonam Yao Kwawukume He was the Former Head of Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Korle Bu, as well as the Past Chairman of West African College of Surgeons, WACS (Obst. & Gynae); he is also the immediate past President of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Ghana (SOGOG). Professor Kwawukume is the first in the world to perform Bloodless Myomectomy at Caesarean Section with a tourniquet. He is also the Co-inventor of the Medical Eligibility Criteria WHEEL for Reproductive Health and Family Planning, which was adopted by WHO for the world. Dr. Susu Bridget Kwawukume (MD, MPH and MSc (Derm.), FGCPS) is the Chief Medical Director of the University College and a founding member. “She is a woman with a clear and transformational vision for a sustainable healthcare system. She is a trusted patient focused doctor with a long history of serving patients by successfully diagnosing and treating them and also managing their total healthcare in various hospitals in Ghana; and she is also a Public Health Consultant and a practising dermatologist”. Dr. Susu Bridget Kwawukume Dr. Susu Kwawukume served as the Senior Medical Officer in charge of Public Health in the Greater Accra region. She was one of the pioneers of the Trust Hospital and retired as a Deputy Chief Manager. She was also the President of the Society of Women Doctors in Ghana. Information on Family Health University College can be accessed through: +233553017368 (Call or WhatsApp) and
7734	dbpedia	1	86	https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/profile-kofi-annan-the-modest-ghanaian-history-maker/nntjjbs	en	Kofi Annan: The modest Ghanaian history maker	https://ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/nbNk9kpTURBXy8zNjMzMDQzMzYyZWY5NWU0ZjIxYjY2NWM3NTQyNTMzZC5wbmeQ3gABoTAC	https://ocdn.eu/pulscms-transforms/1/nbNk9kpTURBXy8zNjMzMDQzMzYyZWY5NWU0ZjIxYjY2NWM3NTQyNTMzZC5wbmeQ3gABoTAC	[ "https://radp.ocdn.eu/images/60x30-GH-WHITE.svg", "https://radp.ocdn.eu/images/60x30-GH-WHITE.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "e annan" ]	2018-09-11T15:32:19+00:00	He was the co-recipient of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize with the UN. \| Pulse Ghana	en	https://ocdn.eu/radp/pwa…_icon384x384.png	Pulse Ghana	https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/profile-kofi-annan-the-modest-ghanaian-history-maker/nntjjbs	Annan, who died in the Swiss capital Berne last month, will receive a full state burial from the Ghanaian government. This is simply due to his humanitarian exploits on the world stage during his tenure as the Secretary-General of the United Nations. Born in Kumasi on April 8, 1938; Kofi's rise to become the leader of one biggest institutions in the world was a spectacular one. ADVERTISEMENT READ ALSO: Kofi Annan's body arrives in Ghana today He joined the UN system in 1962 as an administrative and budget officer with the World Health Organisation (WHO) in Geneva. Kofi Annan completed Mfantsipim in 1957 after entering in 1954. n 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies in economics at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States. He later served with the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) in Addis Ababa, the UN Emergency Force (UNEF II) in Ismailia, the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) in Geneva. He facilitated the repatriation from Iraq of more than 900 international staff in the 90s and other non-Iraqi nationals and also served as Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia and Special Envoy to NATO. ADVERTISEMENT The UN Security Council recommended Annan on 13 December 1996. Confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly, he started his first term as Secretary-General on 1 January 1997. READ ALSO: Mortal remains of Kofi Annan laid in state He was a constant advocate for human rights, the rule of law, the Millennium Development Goals and Africa, and sought to bring the organisation closer to the global public by forging ties with civil society, the private sector and other partners. On his initiative, UN peacekeeping was strengthened in ways that enabled the UN to cope with a rapid rise in the number of operations and personnel. It was also at his urging that in 2005, member states established two new inter-governmental bodies: the Peacebuilding Commission and the Human Rights Council. Mr Annan also played a central role in the creation of the Global Fund to fight AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria; the adoption of the UN’s first-ever counter-terrorism strategy and the acceptance by member states of the “responsibility to protect” people from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. ADVERTISEMENT His “Global Compact” initiative, launched in 1999, has become the world’s largest effort to promote corporate social responsibility. Annan believed that the expertise and evidence needed to solve pressing problems such as poverty, violent conflict and poor governance in most cases already existed, saying that progress was held back too often due to the lack of leadership and political will to use them to identify and deliver solutions. He set up the Kofi Annan Foundation in 2007 to mobilise leaders of all sectors to provide leadership where it was needed. With the foundation, he mobilised political will to overcome threats to peace, development and human rights. It works on the premise that there can be no long-term peace without development and no sustainable development without peace and that no society can long remain prosperous without the rule of law and respect for human rights. The foundation works to identify new threats to peace and security and supports Annan’s preventive diplomacy and mediation activities. ADVERTISEMENT It also works with selected partner organisations to amplify Annan’s voice and catalyse effective action on the promotion of food and nutrition security, sustainable development and support for good governance, the rule of law and respect for human rights. Today, the foundation devotes considerable time to support democracy and elections with integrity. Kofi Annan chaired the Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security (March 2011 to September 2012) and in January 2013, launched the West Africa Commission on Drugs as a response to the surge in drug trafficking and consumption in West Africa and their impact on security, governance and public health. In early 2008, he led the African Union’s Panel of Eminent African Personalities which mediated a peaceful resolution to post-election violence in Kenya. From February to August 2012, he was the UN-Arab League Joint Special Envoy for Syria mandated to seek a resolution to the conflict there. ADVERTISEMENT Mr Annan was the Founding Chairman of the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), which works for a food secure and prosperous Africa by promoting rapid, sustainable agricultural growth based on smallholder farmers. He chaired the African Progress Panel, which advocates at the highest level equitable and sustainable development in Africa. The panel includes distinguished individuals from the public and the private sectors and publishes an annual Africa progress report. He was an active member of The Elders, an independent group of global leaders which works together for peace and human rights, and in 2013 was appointed its chairperson. Mr Annan was the Chancellor of the University of Ghana and held a number of positions at universities around the world. His death elicited condolences President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, former Presidents John Dramani Mahama and Jerry John Rawlings, the UN Secretary General, Antonio Guterres; the British Prime Minister, Theresa May; the Russian President, Vladimir Putin; the French President, Emmanuel Macron, and the Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. ADVERTISEMENT Other leaders who also expressed their condolences are the Prime Minister of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu; the South African President, Cyril Ramaphosa; the Nigerian President, Muhammadu Buhari; the German Chancellor, Angela Merkel, and former US Presidents Barrack Obama and Bill Clinton.
7734	dbpedia	3	5	https://www.crosswordsolver.com/clue/KOFI-ANNAN-ALMA-MATER	en	Kofi Annan alma mater Crossword Clue: 1 Answer with 3 Letters	https://www.crosswordsol….com/favicon.png	https://www.crosswordsol….com/favicon.png	[ "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=476523870926420&ev=PageView&noscript=1", "https://www.crosswordsolver.com/_nuxt/img/kwrlogo-en_light.0a12116.svg", "https://www.crosswordsolver.com/_nuxt/img/kwrlogo_bildmarke.4832df5.svg", "https://www.crosswordsolver.com/_nuxt/img/f-logo.104bc6f.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	All crossword answers with 3 Letters for Kofi Annan alma mater found in daily crossword puzzles: NY Times, Daily Celebrity, Telegraph, LA Times and more.	en	/favicon.png		https://www.crosswordsolver.com/clue/KOFI-ANNAN-ALMA-MATER	crosswordsolver.com is not affiliated with SCRABBLE®, Mattel®, Spear®, Hasbro®, Zynga® with Friends, "Wordle" by NYTimes in any way. The use of these trademarks on crosswordsolver.com is for informational purposes only.
7734	dbpedia	1	69	https://sthilarysmagazine.wordpress.com/tag/ghana/	en	Ghana – St. Hilary Agh Magazine	https://sthilarysmagazin…nition.jpg?w=200	https://sthilarysmagazin…nition.jpg?w=200	[ "https://sthilarysmagazine.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/st-hilarys2.jpg", "https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/karuna/assets/images/header.jpg", "https://sthilarysmagazine.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/kofi-annan-feature-image.jpg?w=685", "https://sthilarysmagazine.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/kofi-annan-at-the-un.jpg?w=685", "https://sthilarysmagazine.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/kofi-annan.jpg?w=685", "https://sthilarysmagazine.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/juliet-ibrahim-featured-image.jpg?w=685", "https://sthilarysmagazine.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/juliet-1-500x333.jpg?w=685", "https://sthilarysmagazine.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/juliet-2-400x600.jpg?w=685", "https://sthilarysmagazine.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/juliet-3-450x675.jpg?w=685", "https://sthilarysmagazine.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/juliet-4-431x535.jpg?w=685", "https://sthilarysmagazine.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/virgil-abloh-feature-image.jpg?w=685", "https://sthilarysmagazine.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/virgil-1.jpg?w=685", "https://sthilarysmagazine.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/virgil-3.jpg?w=685", "https://sthilarysmagazine.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/kris-jenner-kanye-west-virgil-abloh-at-the-paris-fashion-week.jpg?w=685", "https://ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=B072JTX6R9&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=sthilarys-20", "https://ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=sthilarys-20&l=am2&o=1&a=B072JTX6R9", "https://ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=B014RVVQMS&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=sthilarys-20", "https://ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=sthilarys-20&l=am2&o=1&a=B014RVVQMS", "https://ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=B005BS2ENC&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=sthilarys-20", "https://ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=sthilarys-20&l=am2&o=1&a=B005BS2ENC", "https://ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=B075NQYFH6&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=sthilarys-20", "https://ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=sthilarys-20&l=am2&o=1&a=B075NQYFH6", "https://sthilarysmagazine.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/feature-image.jpg?w=685", "https://ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=B005BS2ENC&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=sthilarys-20", "https://ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=sthilarys-20&l=am2&o=1&a=B005BS2ENC", "https://ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=B075VTHYLQ&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=sthilarys-20", "https://ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=sthilarys-20&l=am2&o=1&a=B075VTHYLQ", "https://ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=B01MDVCQY9&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=sthilarys-20", "https://ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=sthilarys-20&l=am2&o=1&a=B01MDVCQY9", "https://ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&MarketPlace=US&ASIN=B06X43RC7R&ServiceVersion=20070822&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&Format=_SL250_&tag=sthilarys-20", "https://ir-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/ir?t=sthilarys-20&l=am2&o=1&a=B06X43RC7R", "https://sthilarysmagazine.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/cropped-agh-mag-tab-recognition.jpg?w=50", "https://sthilarysmagazine.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/cropped-agh-mag-tab-recognition.jpg?w=50", "https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "St. Hilary Agh" ]	2018-08-18T13:35:03+00:00	Posts about Ghana written by St. Hilary Agh	en	https://sthilarysmagazin…gnition.jpg?w=32	St. Hilary Agh Magazine	https://sthilarysmagazine.wordpress.com/tag/ghana/	Kofi Atta Annan was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He was the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organization founded by Nelson Mandela. As the Secretary-General, Annan reformed the UN bureaucracy; worked to combat HIV, especially in Africa; and launched the UN Global Compact. He has been criticized for not expanding the Security Council and faced calls for resignation after an investigation into the Oil-for-Food Programme. After leaving the UN, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation in 2007 to work on international development. In 2012, Annan was the UN–Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria, to help find a resolution to the ongoing conflict there. Annan quit after becoming frustrated with the UN’s lack of progress with regard to conflict resolution. In September 2016, Annan was appointed to lead a UN commission to investigate the Rohingya crisis Born in Kumasi on 8 April 1938, Kofi Annan was born in the Kofandros section of Kumasi in Ghana. His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shared the middle name Atta, which in the Akan means ‘twin’. Annan and his sister were born into one of the country’s Ashanti and Fante aristocratic families; both of their grandfathers and their uncle were tribal chiefs. From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim school, a Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan has said that the school taught him “that suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere”. In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, the Gold Coast gained independence from the UK and began using the name “Ghana”. In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies in economics at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, in 1961. Annan then completed a diplôme d’études approfondies DEA degree in International Relations at The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961–62. After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a master’s degree in management. In 1962, Kofi Annan started working as a Budget Officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN). From 1974 to 1976, he worked as the Director of Tourism in Ghana. In 1980 he became the head of personnel for the office of the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) in Geneva. In 1983 he became the director of administrative management services of the UN Secretariat in New York. In the late 1980s, Annan was appointed as an Assistant Secretary-General of the UN in three consecutive positions: Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator (1987–1990); Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller (1990–1992); and Peacekeeping Operations (March 1993 – December 1996). When Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali established the Department of Peacekeeping Operations in 1992, Annan was appointed to the new department as Deputy to then Under Secretary-General Marrick Goulding. Annan was subsequently appointed to succeed Goulding and assumed the office of USG DPKO in March 1993. He was therefore Head of peacekeeping during the battle of Somalia and the resulting collapse of the UNOSOM II peacekeeping mission, and during the Rwandan Genocide of 1994. On 29 August 1995, while Boutros-Ghali was unreachable on an airplane, Annan instructed United Nations officials to “relinquish for a limited period of time their authority to veto air strikes in Bosnia.” This move allowed NATO forces to conduct Operation Deliberate Force and made him a favorite of the United States. According to Richard Holbrooke, Annan’s “gutsy performance” convinced the United States that he would be a good replacement for Boutros-Ghali. In 2003 Canadian ex-General Roméo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide. In his book Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003), General Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict, and from providing more logistical and material support. Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to provide responses to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository; such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis. In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said, “I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support.” In his book Interventions: A Life in War and Peace, Annan again argued that DPKO could have made better use of the media to raise awareness of the violence in Rwanda and put pressure on governments to provide the troops necessary for an intervention. Annan explained that the events in Somalia and the collapse of the UNOSOM II mission fostered a hesitation amongst UN Member states to approve robust peacekeeping operations. As a result, when the UNAMIR mission was approved just days after the battle, the resulting force lacked the troop levels, resources and mandate to operate effectively. Annan served as Under-Secretary-General from March 1994 to October 1995. He was appointed a Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving for five months before returning to his duties as Under-Secretary-General in April 1996 In 1996, Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali ran unopposed for a second term. Although he won 14 of the 15 votes on the Security Council, he was vetoed by the United States. After four deadlocked meetings of the Security Council, Boutros-Ghali suspended his candidacy, becoming the only Secretary-General ever to be denied a second term. Annan was the leading candidate to replace him, beating Amara Essy by one vote in the first round. However, France vetoed Annan four times before finally abstaining. The UN Security Council recommended Annan on 13 December 1996. Confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly, he started his first term as Secretary-General on 1 January 1997. The Security Council recommended Annan for a second term on 27 June 2001, and the General Assembly approved his reappointment on 29 June 2001. Annan was fluent in English, French, Akan, some Kru languages and other African languages. He was instrumental to the establishment of the Global Fund, Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations Technology Service (UNITeS) and the United Nations Global Pact. He was a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize and leaves behind an enduring legacy. He died 18 August 2018. His death is likened to the utter destruction of an international library.
7734	dbpedia	1	45	https://www.kaiptc.org/media-centre/press-releases/	en	Press Releases	https://s0.wp.com/i/blank.jpg	https://s0.wp.com/i/blank.jpg	[ "https://www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/logo.png", "https://www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/logo-retina.png", "https://www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/logo.png", "https://www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/logo.png", "https://www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/facebook-social-media-512.png", "https://www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/twitter-social-media-512.png", "https://www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/youtube-social-media-512.png", "https://www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/en.png", "https://www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/fr.png", "https://i0.wp.com/www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/WhatsApp-Image-2024-08-26-at-16.07.43_06b260ff.jpg?resize=960%2C542&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Newsletter-Full-Size-kaiptc.jpg?resize=850%2C480&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Picture3.jpg?resize=624%2C542&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Newsletter-Full-Size.kaiptc-1.jpg?resize=850%2C480&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/KAIPTC-North.jpg?resize=624%2C409&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/AU-visit.jpg?resize=624%2C416&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Violent-Extremism-Course-2024.jpg?resize=960%2C542&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Picture1-KNUST.jpg?resize=554%2C390&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/resized-7.jpg?resize=850%2C480&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/resized1-2.jpg?resize=850%2C480&ssl=1", "https://www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/plugins/revslider/sr6/assets/assets/dummy.png", "https://www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/plugins/revslider/sr6/assets/assets/dummy.png", "https://www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/plugins/revslider/sr6/assets/assets/dummy.png", "https://www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/plugins/revslider/sr6/assets/assets/dummy.png", "https://www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/plugins/revslider/sr6/assets/assets/dummy.png", "https://www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/plugins/revslider/sr6/assets/assets/dummy.png", "https://www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/plugins/revslider/sr6/assets/assets/dummy.png", "https://www.kaiptc.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/giz-footer-logo-updated.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "KAIPTC", "peacekeeping", "kofi annan", "ghana", "peace", "peace training", "un training", "annan", "kofi", "kaiptc ghana", "griffiths", "kotia", "commandant" ]	null	[]	2017-01-25T08:27:51+00:00	Welcome to the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre	en	https://www.kaiptc.org/w…6/12/favicon.png	KAIPTC	https://www.kaiptc.org/media-centre/press-releases/	cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics".cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional11 monthsThe cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional".cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary".cookielawinfo-checkbox-others11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other.cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance".
7734	dbpedia	2	10	https://mshale.com/2018/05/10/kofi-annan-millions-of-african-children-denied-basic-human-rights/	en	Kofi Annan: Millions of African children denied basic human rights	https://mshale.com/wp-co…elvin-Carter.jpg	https://mshale.com/wp-co…elvin-Carter.jpg	[ "https://mshale.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/large-Mshale_logo1-e1562871435481.jpg", "https://mshale.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/large-Mshale_logo1-e1562871435481.jpg", "https://mshale.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Annan-with-Mayor-Melvin-Carter.jpg", "https://mshale.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Annan-with-Mayor-Melvin-Carter-150x84.jpg", "https://mshale.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Annan-at-BFA-30th-Reception.jpg", "https://mshale.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Annan-with-Mayor-Melvin-Carter.jpg", "https://mshale.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Annan-with-Ruth-Stricker-Dayton.jpg", "https://mshale.com/wp-content/plugins/user-avatar/user-avatar-pic.php?src=https://mshale.com/wp-content/uploads/avatars/5/1522344326-bpfull.jpg&w=80&id=5&random=1576693918", "https://mshale.com/wp-content/plugins/user-avatar/user-avatar-pic.php?src=https://mshale.com/wp-content/uploads/avatars/5/1522344326-bpfull.jpg&w=100&id=5&random=1576693918", "https://mshale.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/stars/rating_off.gif", "https://mshale.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/stars/rating_off.gif", "https://mshale.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/stars/rating_off.gif", "https://mshale.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/stars/rating_off.gif", "https://mshale.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/stars/rating_off.gif", "https://mshale.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/loading.gif", "https://mshale.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/large-Mshale_logo1-e1562871435481.jpg", "https://mshale.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Haji-and-Workman-100x70.jpg", "https://mshale.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Huldah-Hitsley-2024-Primary-_by_Mshale_5-100x70.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Tom Gitaa" ]	2018-05-10T00:00:00	Saint Paul Mayor Melvin Carter speaking with former UN secretary-general Kofi Annan moments after Macalester College of St. Paul, Minnesota renamed its Global Institute in Mr. Annan's honor on Monday, May 7 2018. Mr. Annan is an alumnus of the college. Photo: Tom Gitaa/Mshale Nobel laureate and former United Nations secretary-general, Kofi Annan, said on […]	en	https://mshale.com/wp-co…FavCon-32x32.jpg	Mshale	https://mshale.com/2018/05/10/kofi-annan-millions-of-african-children-denied-basic-human-rights/	Nobel laureate and former United Nations secretary-general, Kofi Annan, said on Monday the world is squandering the potential of African children by not giving them access to education. “Despite significant progress in recent years millions of African children have never set foot in a classroom or owned a book of their own in their lives,” said Annan. Annan, co-chair of the Books for Africa Law and Democracy Initiative alongside former US vice-president Walter Mondale, was speaking during a reception to mark the 30th anniversary of Books for Africa, the St. Paul non-profit that ships millions of donated school textbooks to the continent. “Numerous studies have shown that no development tool is more effective than education and literacy,” Annan said. “When people are able to access education, they can break free of the cycle of poverty and contribute to building a fairer and more peaceful society.” Annan said the ongoing literacy crisis in Africa is a source of great concern, as the children who are not attending school are the future doctors and teachers that the continent will miss. While commending Books for Africa for the progress it has made in the last 30 years in sending books to address, he nonetheless urged the organization and its supporters to “redouble their efforts.” “One area of particular importance to Africa and the world is the strengthening of the rule of law,” Annan said, as he made the case about the significance of Books for Africa’s Law and Democracy Initiative, which sends new law books to law schools in Africa. Thomson Reuters provides the Law and Democracy Initiative with new law books and that company’s vice-president for Government Affairs, former Minneapolis mayor Sharon Sayles Belton was on hand to reiterate Thomson Reuters continued support. Annan said his conviction about the rule of law being the pillar to security has grown stronger since he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation. “No society can prosper without the rule of law and respect for human rights,” Annan went on to say. The Jack Mason Law and Democracy Initiative is named after former US federal judge Jack Mason who was also a Books for Africa board member. His wife, Vivian, was present as Annan addressed the 30th anniversary reception. Also, present were former US vice-president Walter Mondale who co-chairs the initiative with Annan. Nane Annan, Kofi Annan’s wife, accompanied him to the celebration. “Numerous organizations have benefitted from it including Women Lawyers Association of Gambia, Zambia Lawyers for Human Rights and the parliament of Liberia,” said Annan. One of those inspired by Mr. Annan’s many years of global service is Jote Taddese, president of the Books for Africa board of directors. A native of Ethiopia, Taddese said he was graduating college in the US in 1997 when “I learnt a great African diplomat had been elected UN secretary-general.” Kofi Annan Institute for Global Citizenship Earlier in the day, Mr. Annan, was the focus of a historical development at his alma mater, Macalester College when that institution renamed the Institute for Global Citizenship to the Kofi Annan Institute for Global Citizenship in his honor. The institute faces Grand Avenue and is on the intersection of the busy and historical Grand and Snelling avenues. At the dedication, Annan sat next to another historical figure in his own right. Saint Paul Mayor Melvin Carter was born and grew up within walking distance of Macalester and could not hide his joy of having the opportunity to sit next to Mr. Annan and made sure everyone knew it. “I am honored to just be sitting next to you and I wanted to make sure my staff got a picture of us sitting next to each other,” Mayor Carter said to loud laughter. Carter became St. Paul’s first black mayor when he worn in a convincing fashion last November. Macalester President Brian Rosenberg called Mr. Annan a role model for everyone. He referred to him as the most “visible and courageous” UN secretary-general of our time that has inspired many. “It is one of Macalester’s great privilege to claim Kofi Annan as one of our graduates, and Macalester’s great privilege to rename and rededicate the Institute for Global Citizenship, as the Kofi Annan Institute for Global Citizenship,” Rosenberg said to loud applause. He and added that, henceforth “I don’t know about everyone but I will just be calling it The Annan Institute.” Speaking before the unveiling of the institute’s new name, Annan told students not to be afraid to lead and not to hesitate, as “one is never too young to lead.” Annan was part of the class of 1961 at Macalester College.
7734	dbpedia	1	12	https://nairaproject.com/projects/761.html	en	THE UNITED NATIONS UNDER KOFI ANNAN			[ "https://d5nxst8fruw4z.cloudfront.net/atrk.gif?account=J1G+j1acFH008q" ]	[]	[]	[ "Free Project topics and materials in Nigeria", "research topics", "reseach project materials", "computer science project material", "free", "complete", "accounting topics", "small business topics", "materials", "nigeria projects", "business administration projects", "computer science topics and projects", "MBA nigeria project topics", "human resources", "small business", "entrepreneurship projects", "economics projects", "impact projects", "effects projects", "training", "budgets", "ghana", "university", "polytechnic" ]	null	[ "Research Clue" ]	null			images/favicon.ico		null	(1992 â 2006) Kofi Annan was born in the Kafandors Section of Kumasi, in Central Ghana, Africa, in what was then the British colony of the Gold Coast, on April 8, 1938.Â He is a twin, which has a respected state in Ghanaian culture.Â His full name is Kofi Atta Annan, while his twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shares the middle name Atta, which in Fante and Akan means âtwinâ.Â Annan and his sister were born into one of the countryâs aristocratic families, both their grandfather and their uncle were tribal chiefs.1 and became accustomed to both traditional and modern ways of life.Â He has described himself as being âatribal in a tribal worldâ. In Akan tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week on when they were born; and in relation to how many children precede them.Â Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday.2 In 1965, Kofi Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from a well to do family.Â Several years later, they had a daughter, Ana and later a son Kojo. Â The couple separated in the late seventies that is when Kojo was six years old and got a divorce two years later.Â In 1984, Annan remarried to Nane Legergran a Swedish lawyer at the United Nations (UN).3 Between 1954 and 1957, Annan attended the Elite Mfantsipim School, a Methodist Boarding School in Cape Coast, founded in the 1870s.Â Annan has said that the school taught him âthat suffering anywhere concerns people every where.4Â In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, Ghana gained independence from Britain. At the age of twenty, he won a Ford Foundation Scholarship for undergraduate studies at Macalester College, St. Paul.Â In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana.Â He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States.Â In 1961, Annam then did a DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland.Â After some years of work experience, Annan became the Alfred P. Sloan Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Â He studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management.5 Even then, he was showing signs of becoming a diplomat, or someone skilled in International Relations.Â At the end of his fellowship program, he was awarded a Master of Science (M.Sc.) degree in Management. Early Career In 1962, Kofi Annan started working as a Budget Officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN).Â Â In 1972, he moved to Cairo, Egypt, as Chief Civilian Personnel Officer in the UN emergency force.Â Annan briefly changed career in 1974 when he left the United Nations to serve as Managing Director of the Ghana Tourist Development Company where he worked as the Director of Tourism in Ghana.Â Annan returned to International Diplomacy at the United Nations in 1976.Â For the next seven years, he was associated with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Geneva.Â He returned to the UN Headquarters in New York City in 1983 as Director of the Budget in the Financial Services Office.Â In the late 1980s, Annan returned to work for the UN, where he was appointed as an Assistant Secretary-General in three consecutive positions.Â Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator (1987 â 1990), he became Assistant Security-General for another department at the United Nations, the office of Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller (1990 â 1992) and Peace Keeping Operations (March 1993 â December 1996). In fulfilling his duties to the United Nations, Annan has spent most of his adult life in the United States, specifically at the UN headquarters in New York City.Â Annan has by this time filled a number of roles at the United Nations, ranging from peace keeping to managerial and 1990s were no different.Â In 1990, he negotiated the release of hostages in Iraq following the invasion of Kuwait.Â Five years later, he oversaw the transition of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) to the Multi-national Implementation Force (IFOR) a UN peace Keeping organization.Â In this transfer of responsibility, operations in the former Yugoslavia were turned over to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The Rwandan Genocide took place in 1994 while Annan directed UN peacekeeping operations.Â In 2003, Canadian ex-General Romeo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide.Â In his book, shake hands with the devil:Â The failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003).Â General Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict, and from providing more logistical and material support.Â Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to provide responses to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository, such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis. In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said âI could and should have done more to sound the alarm and really supportâ.6 Annan served as Under-Secretary-General from March 1994 to October 1995.Â He was appointed a Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving for five months before returning to his duties as Under-Secretary-General in April 1996.Â In recognition of his abilities, Annan was appointed Secretary-General, the top post of the United Nations by the UN General Assembly in December 1996.Â He began serving his four-year term of office on January 1, 1997.Â Joining him was his second wife, former lawyer+- Nane Lagergren of Sweden.Â She is the niece of the diplomat Raoul Wallenberg (1912 â 1947), who saved thousands of European Jews from the German Nazis during World War II (1937 â 45), when American-led forces fought against Germany, Italy and Japan.Â Annan and Lagergren were married in 1985.Â The couple had one child.
7734	dbpedia	1	7	https://press.un.org/en/1998/19980821.sgt2149.html	en	SECRETARY-GENERAL TO BE HONOURED BY KUMASI UNIVERSITY	https://press.un.org/themes/custom/un3_press/favicon.ico	https://press.un.org/themes/custom/un3_press/favicon.ico	[ "https://press.un.org/themes/custom/un3/un3_base/images/logos/UN_logo_en.svg", "https://press.un.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/uploads/2024/01/SC_Round-Up_2022_thumbnail.jpeg?itok=ugaJiSpG", "https://press.un.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/uploads/2024/01/GA77_thumbnail.jpeg?itok=XFBTFIhj", "https://press.un.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/uploads/2024/05/SIDS4%20logo%20thumbnail.png?itok=KAWWqtr4", "https://press.un.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/uploads/2024/03/CSW68%20Thumbnail_EN.png?itok=5LQ3dY1H", "https://press.un.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/uploads/2024/01/GA78_thumbnail.png?itok=OhQWY1Ef", "https://press.un.org/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail/public/uploads/2024/01/Water_Action_2023_logo_thumbnail.png?itok=ZeuqeBv_", "https://press.un.org/themes/custom/un_press_theme/assets/images/noon-briefing-image.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	1998-08-21T12:00:00+00:00	21 August 1998 Press ReleaseSG/T/2149	en	/themes/custom/un3_press/favicon.ico		https://press.un.org/en/1998/19980821.sgt2149.html	21 August 1998 Press Release SG/T/2149 SECRETARY-GENERAL TO BE HONOURED BY KUMASI UNIVERSITY 19980821 ACCRA, 21 August (UN Information Centre) -- United Nations Secretary- General Kofi Annan will accept an honorary doctorate degree (DSc Honoris Causa) by the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in Kumasi, Ghana, on Monday 24 August. Mr. Annan pursued studies at the University prior to receiving his undergraduate degree in economics from Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota in 1961. The award will be presented at a convocation beginning at 14:30 hours on 24 August. The programme includes addresses by the Chairman of the University Council and the President Flt. Lt. Jerry John Rawlings, or his representative. The Acting Vice-Chancellor and the Chairman of the Council will preside over the awarding of the degree. The Secretary-General will then deliver his response. Mr. Annan and his wife are on a private visit to Ghana. * *** *
7734	dbpedia	1	53	https://e-crimetrainingacademy.com/collaborating-partners/	en	e-Crime Training Academy	https://e-crimetraininga…go-png-32x32.png	https://e-crimetraininga…go-png-32x32.png	[ "https://e-crimetrainingacademy.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/e-Crime-Academy-logo.png", "https://e-crimetrainingacademy.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/KAIPTC-LOGO-300x104.png", "https://e-crimetrainingacademy.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/knust-logo.png", "https://e-crimetrainingacademy.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/MILE2-Cyber-Security-300x149.png", "http://isoupdate.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/pecb-logo.jpg", "https://e-crimetrainingacademy.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/CIB-EMBLEM2-300x227.jpg", "https://e-crimetrainingacademy.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/iia-300x86.png", "https://e-crimetrainingacademy.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/icag.png", "https://e-crimetrainingacademy.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/iod-300x300.webp", "https://e-crimetrainingacademy.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/imdc.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en	https://e-crimetraininga…go-png-32x32.png		https://e-crimetrainingacademy.com/collaborating-partners/	The Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) is a research and training centre which began operations in 2002. The centre undertakes research in peace and security and to train military and civilian personnel for peacekeeping missions in the ECOWAS region. KAIPTC is one of three institutions designated by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) as a regional Centre of Excellence for the delivery of training and research in the areas of security, conflict prevention, management and peacebuilding. The KAIPTC has to date offered over 230 courses in diverse aspects of peace support operations for over 11,000 military, police and civilian personnel. The Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) was established in 1951. It is Ghana’s foremost institution for Science and Technology education and one of the finest in Africa. The university comprises undergraduate and postgraduate students from all over the world, especially from the African continent, offering high valued science and technology programmes. The KNUST presents an environment for teaching, research and entrepreneurship training in science and technology for industrial and socio-economic development. PECB is a certification body that provides education and certification under ISO/IEC 17024 for individuals in a wide range of disciplines. As a global provider of training, examination, and certification services, PECB offers its expertise in multiple fields, including, but not limited to, Information Security, Privacy and Data Protection, Business Continuity, Quality and Service Management, Risk Management, Health and Safety, and Sustainability. Their mission of providing clients with services that inspire trust, demonstrate competence, and benefit society correlates with helping professionals show commitment and competence by providing them with valuable education, evaluation, and certiﬁcation against internationally recognized standards. Institute serves as a professional body for banks and financial institutions to provide a stimulus for the development of competent and more qualified human resources that will enable the banks to offer efficient and competitive services to meet modern-day sophisticated demands and satisfaction. Its course content and structure are streamlined along with the requirements of the Alliance of African Institutes of Bankers (AAIOB) for global recognition. CIB(Gh) is also a member of the World Conference of Banking Institute (WCBI). The Institute of Internal Auditors Ghana was formally registered in April 2001 in Ghana under the Professional Bodies Registration Decree, 1973 (NRCD 143) as a professional association dedicated to the promotion and development of the practice of Internal auditing in Ghana. The Institute is a fully-fledged member institute of the Global Internal Audit family. It also actively pursues collaboration and partnership with sister national institutes, particularly the African institutes. IIA Ghana is a founding member of AFIIA – the African Federation of Institutes of Internal Auditors, with its member being the immediate past Chairperson of the AFIIA Governing Council. The Institute is operated exclusively for educational and charitable purposes as a professional association dedicated to promoting and developing the practice of Internal Auditing in Ghana. ICAG is the professional accounting body charged with the regulation of the accountancy profession in Ghana. Its members work in various sectors of the Ghanaian economy, including public services, accountancy firms, industry, and education as well as other public and private sector organisations where funds need to be effectively and efficiently managed. Many of ICAG’s members work in other jurisdictions with national and international organisations. Given that its members are the only people recognised under the Companies Code 1963 for the purpose of publicly practising accounting in Ghana, ICAG’s professional qualification is the foundation for a career in accounting in Ghana Institute of Directors Ghana is a professional organisation committed to the professional practice of Corporate Directorship. The purpose of the Institute is to champion director professionalism and development through good corporate governance for the benefit of organisations, stakeholders, and the prosperity of Ghana. They are committed to recognising and unlocking member potential through the provision of world-class learning opportunities, knowledge sharing, networking, mentorship, and promotion of world-class standards in Corporate Governance. IDMC Ghana is a private institution focused on helping individuals and organisations learn and apply digital marketing communication skills, and is thus not regulated by any government, the ministry of education or any public authority or university. The Institute is registered under the laws of Ghana with faculty support from very respectable and experienced academics and industry players.
7734	dbpedia	3	32	http://crosswordheaven.com/clues/alma-mater-for-buzz-aldrin-and-kofi-annan-abbr	en	Alma mater for Buzz Aldrin and Kofi Annan: Abbr. - Crossword Clue Answer	http://crosswordheaven.com/favicon.gif	http://crosswordheaven.com/favicon.gif	[ "http://crosswordheaven.com/assets/bottom-b6264e8df4bcbf7cb0de9ee440796e699aa0cfaa125e7889a45618103ba51f00.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "Crossword", "crossword dictionary", "crossword heaven", "search", "crossword clue", "crossword help", "New York Times Crossword", "NYT Crossword", "clue search", "Clue of the Day", "Crossword Clues", "help crossword" ]	null	[]	null	Find answers for the crossword clue: Alma mater for Buzz Aldrin and Kofi Annan: Abbr.. We have 1 answer for this clue.		/favicon.ico		null	Clue: Alma mater for Buzz Aldrin and Kofi Annan: Abbr. We have 1 answer for the clue Alma mater for Buzz Aldrin and Kofi Annan: Abbr.. See the results below. Possible Answers: MIT Related Clues: Weimar "with" Cambridge sch. Engineer's sch. "Good Will Hunting" setting Prestigious sch. near Boston Prestigious sch. I. M. Pei's alma mater Sch. on the Charles Physicist's alma mater, maybe: Abbr. Sch. on the Charles River Last Seen In: New York Times - May 29, 2010
7734	dbpedia	1	93	https://jimidisu.com/kofi-annan-and-the-african-personality-by-obadiah-mailafia/	en	Kofi Annan and The African Personality By Obadiah Mailafia	https://jimidisu.com/wp-…921-1062x598.jpg	https://jimidisu.com/wp-…921-1062x598.jpg	[ "https://jimidisu.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/betalife-728x90-2.gif", "https://jimidisu.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/cropped-logo-1.png", "https://jimidisu.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/728-x-90-safari.png", "https://static.getclicky.com/media/links/badge.gif", "https://in.getclicky.com/100749999ns.gif", "https://jimidisu.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Kofi-Annan-e1534588503921-1062x598-678x381.jpg", "https://jimidisu.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Page-6...19-07-18-80x60.jpg", "https://jimidisu.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/ABIOLA-AJIMOBI-80x60.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Omoniyi Osadare" ]	2018-08-31T09:16:55+01:00	The distinguished Ghanaian diplomat and international civil servant Kofi Annan passed away on Saturday, August 18 in Bern, Switzerland, after a brief illness. H	en		News & Analysis	https://jimidisu.com/kofi-annan-and-the-african-personality-by-obadiah-mailafia/	The distinguished Ghanaian diplomat and international civil servant Kofi Annan passed away on Saturday, August 18 in Bern, Switzerland, after a brief illness. He was aged 80. In January 1997 he was sworn-in as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations, taking over from the hapless Egyptian Boutrous Boutrous-Ghali whose hectoring professorial style had alienated the Americans. The organisation was on the verge of financial bankruptcy. Having risen to Under Secretary-General and head of Department of Peacekeeping Operations, DPKO, he never expected to be considered for the ultimate prize. The hand of destiny. He was the first to have risen through the ranks, having joined the organisation as a lowly Budget Officer in the WHO in 1962. Kofi Atta Annan was born in Kumasi, Ghana, on April 8, 1938, from a long line of Ashanti tribal chiefs. He had a twin sister, Effua Atta, who predeceased him in 1991. He attended the famous Methodist boarding school, Mfantsipim, from 1954 to 1957. In 1958 he enrolled as an undergraduate student of economics at Kumasi College of Science and Technology, later renamed Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. My wife and I once drove from Abidjan through Kumasi, Accra and Aflao, across the border through Togo and Benin to Lagos. We discovered a West African countryside that is both enchanting and spiritually inspiring. I was deeply moved when I beheld Mfantsipim serenely perched on the ancient savannah hills; an institution that since the 1870s has nurtured generations of boys who have gone on to accomplish mighty exploits for God and country. Ghana became independent in 1957 under the leadership of the great pan-Africanist statesman Kwame Nkrumah. A believer in the philosophy of African Personality, Nkrumah identified a crop of bright young men whom he nurtured and groomed. He aimed to raise high royal princes who could hold their own at any court in the world. Among them were Kenneth Dadzie, scholar of Queens College Cambridge, who later became Secretary-General of UNCTAD; distinguished philosopher William Abraham, first African to win the coveted Prize Fellowship of All Souls College, Oxford; and the remarkable Alexander Kwapong who graduated with a starred First in Classics at Cambridge and went on to become Deputy Rector of the UN University in Tokyo. Kofi Annan belonged to that group. In 1958 Annan enrolled at Macalester College in Minnesota on a Ford Foundation Fellowship, graduating with honours in Economics in 1961. He was reputed to have been a good student and a keen sportsman. During 1962-1963 he earned a masters at the Geneva Graduate Institute of International Studies; subsequently earning a mid-career management masters at the Sloan School at MIT. One of the first things he did as Secretary-General was to institute a commission to investigate failure of the DPKO to prevent genocide in Rwanda and the massacres in Srebrenica in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was a damning report. Annan could brutally be honest with others as he was with himself. With regards to his failure to prevent the Rwanda genocide as head of DPKO, he lamented: “I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support.” His time as Secretary-General coincided with some of the most turbulent years in our post-Cold War era. The war in Yugoslavia, the Iraq crisis and the attacks on the Twin Towers in New York tested the institutions of global governance to their ultimate limit. The position of UN Secretary-General has been described as “the most impossible job in the world.” Whilst the permanent members expect the incumbent to be more of secretary than general, the demands of the job and the expectations of the international public require that he acts more as a general. The most successful have been those who managed to achieve an Aristotelian balance between the two opposing expectations. No one faced that challenge more than Dag Hammarskjöld of Sweden – a highly accomplished political economist, statesman and mystic — who perished in a mysterious plane crash on his way to finding a lasting peace in the Congo in 1965. It was the peak of the Cold War and he found himself in a classic game-theoretic prisoner’s dilemma. The lot fell on him to redefine the very meaning and purpose of international service and assert the role and independence of the Secretary-General and his special offices in the name of humanity and the global interest. When asked about the impact of the 1789 French revolution, Chinese Premier Zhou En-Lai famously replied that it was “too early to say”. It might be too early to say whether Kofi Annan was a great Secretary-General or even a successful one. Perhaps no one understood the system inside-out as much as he did. He brought those insights to bear upon the far-reaching reforms that he implemented. No other scribe has done more to reform the Secretariat, with the possible exception of my favourite, the remarkable Dag Hammarskjöld. Annan promoted the doctrine of Responsibility to Protect, R2P; enshrining the principle of humanitarian intervention in the jurisprudence of International Law. He created the Office of Deputy Secretary-General, whose pioneer incumbent was Louise Fréchette of Canada, partly, according to one insider, to assure Western interests that were not altogether persuaded that a black African could run the UN successfully. Racism remains endemic in the world body. The Global Compact and the Millennium Development Goals, MDGs, were his idea. He also created the Global Funds to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. A champion of peace, human rights and the rule of law, he set up the Peacebuilding Commission and the Human Rights Council. He opposed the 2003 American invasion of Iraq, condemning it as “illegal”. To punish him for his effrontery, the Bush administration instituted investigations into alleged corruption by UN officials in the Iraq “Oil-for-Food” Programme. Although Annan was personally exonerated, his son Kojo was indicted for “unethical” dealings with one of the firms that had won the lucrative contracts. Mailafia is a former deputy governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria. Guardian (NG) END
7734	dbpedia	2	29	https://alchetron.com/Kofi-Annan	en	Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia	https://alchetron.com/cd…-resize-750.jpeg	https://alchetron.com/cd…-resize-750.jpeg	[ "https://alchetron.com/cdn/private_file_151723927487797835984-5138-49e5-ad10-bb78f28f1bc.jpg", "https://alchetron.com/cdn/kofi-annan-fe6bd6fa-295f-46cb-be98-7ecc29e3173-resize-750.jpeg", "https://alchetron.com/cdn/kofi-annan-b937a5d3-d620-4955-a1db-742810d8ab7-resize-750.jpeg", "https://alchetron.com/cdn/kofi-annan-b9bfca87-809e-411c-a6d4-c9ae05908ad-resize-750.jpg", "https://alchetron.com/cdn/kofi-annan-445f057c-8e5a-4948-a4fd-61281bab48f-resize-750.jpg", "https://alchetron.com/cdn/kofi-annan-5a4a5d5f-4bc0-4932-9ad9-46f71647787-resize-750.jpeg", "https://alchetron.com/cdn/kofi-annan-ab11179d-eb32-4ff4-80c0-5ca34a57df4-resize-750.jpeg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2017-08-18T08:30:48+00:00	Kofi Atta Annan ( born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh SecretaryGeneral of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan and the UN were the corecipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He is the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as we	en	/favicon.ico	Alchetron.com	https://alchetron.com/Kofi-Annan	Early years and education Kofi Annan was born in the Kofandros section of Kumasi in the Gold Coast (now Ghana) on 8 April 1938. His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shared the middle name Atta, which in the Akan means 'twin'. Annan and his sister were born into one of the country's Ashanti and Fante aristocratic families; both of their grandfathers and their uncle were tribal chiefs. In the Akan names tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week on which they were born, and/or in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday. Annan has said his surname rhymes with "cannon" in English. From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim school, a Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan has said that the school taught him "that suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere". In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, the Gold Coast gained independence from Britain and began using the name "Ghana". In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies in economics at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, in 1961. Annan then completed a diplôme d'études approfondies DEA degree in International Relations at The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961–62. After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a master's degree in management. Annan is fluent in English, French, Akan, some Kru languages and other African languages. In 1962, Kofi Annan started working as a Budget Officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN). From 1974 to 1976, he worked as the Director of Tourism in Ghana. In 1980 he became the head of personnel for the office of the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) in Geneva. In 1983 he became the director of administrative management services of the UN Secretariat in New York. In the late 1980s, Annan was appointed as an Assistant Secretary-General of the UN in three consecutive positions: Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator (1987–1990); Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller (1990–1992); and Peacekeeping Operations (March 1993 – December 1996). When Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali established the Department of Peacekeeping Operations in 1992, Annan was appointed to the new department as Deputy to then Under Secretary-General Marrick Goulding. Annan was subsequently appointed to succeed Goulding and assumed the office of USG DPKO in March 1993. He was therefore Head of peacekeeping during the battle of Somalia and the resulting collapse of the UNOSOM II peacekeeping mission, and during the Rwandan Genocide of 1994. In 2003 Canadian ex-General Roméo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide. In his book Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003), General Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict, and from providing more logistical and material support. Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to provide responses to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository; such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis. In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said, "I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support." In his book Interventions: A Life in War and Peace, Annan again argued that DPKO could have made better use of the media to raise awareness of the violence in Rwanda and put pressure on governments to provide the troops necessary for an intervention. Annan explained that the events in Somalia and the collapse of the UNOSOM II mission fostered a hesitation amongst UN Member states to approve robust peacekeeping operations. As a result, when the UNAMIR mission was approved just days after the battle, the resulting force lacked the troop levels, resources and mandate to operate effectively. Annan served as Under-Secretary-General from March 1994 to October 1995. He was appointed a Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving for five months before returning to his duties as Under-Secretary-General in April 1996. Appointment On 13 December 1996, the UN Security Council recommended Annan to replace the previous Secretary-General, Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt, whose second term faced the veto of the United States. Confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly, he started his first term as Secretary-General on 1 January 1997. He was reelected for a second term in 2001, which was unusual since this meant a third consecutive term for Africa. The Asian states did not protest, although it should have been their turn, because Annan was so popular among the UN member states and UN staff. Recommendations for UN reform Soon after taking office in 1997, Annan released two reports on management reform. On 17 March 1997, the report Management and Organisational Measures (A/51/829) introduced new management mechanisms through the establishment of a cabinet-style body to assist him and be grouping the UN's activities in accordance with four core missions. A comprehensive reform agenda was issued on 14 July 1997 entitled Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform (A/51/950). Key proposals included the introduction of strategic management to strengthen unity of purpose, the establishment of the position of Deputy Secretary-General, a 10-percent reduction in posts, a reduction in administrative costs, the consolidation of the UN at the country level, and reaching out to civil society and the private sector as partners. Annan also proposed to hold a Millennium Summit in 2000. After years of research, Annan presented a progress report, In Larger Freedom, to the UN General Assembly, on 21 March 2005. Annan recommended Security Council expansion and a host of other UN reforms. On 31 January 2006, Kofi Annan outlined his vision for a comprehensive and extensive reform of the UN in a policy speech to the United Nations Association UK. The speech, delivered at Central Hall, Westminster, also marked the 60th Anniversary of the first meetings of the General Assembly and Security Council. On 7 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his proposals for a fundamental overhaul of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is entitled Investing in the United Nations, For a Stronger Organization Worldwide. On 30 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his analysis and recommendations for updating the entire work programme of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is entitled: Mandating and Delivering: Analysis and Recommendations to Facilitate the Review of Mandates. Regarding the UN Human Rights Council, Annan has said "declining credibility" had "cast a shadow on the reputation of the United Nations system. Unless we re-make our human rights machinery, we may be unable to renew public confidence in the United Nations itself." However, he does believe that, despite its flaws, the council can do good. In March 2000, Annan appointed the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations to assess the shortcomings of the then existing system and to make specific and realistic recommendations for change. The panel was composed of individuals experienced in conflict prevention, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. The report it produced, which became known as the Brahimi Report, after Chair of the Panel Lakhdar Brahimi, called for: renewed political commitment on the part of Member States; significant institutional change; increased financial support. The Panel further noted that in order to be effective, UN peacekeeping operations must be properly resourced and equipped, and operate under clear, credible and achievable mandates. In a letter transmitting the report to the General Assembly and Security Council, Annan stated that the Panel's recommendations were "essential to make the United Nations truly credible as a force for peace." Later that same year, the Security Council adopted several provisions relating to peacekeeping following the report, in Resolution 1327. Millennium Development Goals In 2000, ahead of the Millennium Summit, Annan issued a report entitled "We the peoples: the role of the United Nations in the 21st century". The report argued that the significant geopolitical evolutions and increased globalization experienced over the previous 50 years required the United Nations to reassess and transform the way it operates. The report called for member states to "put people at the centre of everything we do. No calling is more noble, and no responsibility greater, than that of enabling men, women and children, in cities and villages around the world, to make their lives better." In the final chapter of the report, Annan drew on the findings of earlier work by the UN, The World Bank, the IMF and OECD, and identified priority areas on which the UN should focus in order to "free our fellow men and women from the abject and dehumanizing poverty in which more than 1 billion of them are currently confined" These served as the basis for the subsequent Millennium Development Goals, which were developed with additional input from the Millennium Forum, a group comprised 1,000 non-governmental and civil society organizations from more than 100 countries . At the end of the Millennium Summit, delegates adopted the Millennium Declaration, in which they committed to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and set out a series of time-bound targets which subsequently become known as the Millennium Development Goals. United Nations Information Technology Service (UNITeS) Within the "We the Peoples" document, Annan suggested the establishment of a United Nations Information Technology Service (UNITeS), a consortium of high-tech volunteer corps, including NetCorps Canada and Net Corps America, which United Nations Volunteers would coordinate. In the Report of the high-level panel of experts on information and communication technology (22 May 2000) suggesting a UN ICT Task Force, the panel welcomed the establishment of UNITeS, and made suggestions on its configuration and implementation strategy, including that ICT4D volunteering opportunities make mobilizing "national human resources" (local ICT experts) within developing countries a priority, for both men and women. The initiative was launched at the United Nations Volunteers and was active from February 2001 to February 2005. Initiative staff and volunteers participated in the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in Geneva in December 2003. The United Nations Global Compact In an address to The World Economic Forum on 31 January 1999, then Secretary General Annan argued that the "goals of the United Nations and those of business can, indeed, be mutually supportive" and proposed that the private sector and the United Nations initiate "a global compact of shared values and principles, which will give a human face to the global market". On 26 July 2000, the United Nations Global Compact was officially launched at UN headquarters in New York. It is a principle-based framework for businesses which aims to "Catalyse actions in support of broader UN goals, such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)". The Compact established ten core principles in the areas of human rights, labour, the environment and anti-corruption, and under the Compact, companies commit to the ten principles and are brought together with UN agencies, labour groups and civil society to effectively implement them. Establishment of The Global Fund Towards the end of the 1990s, increased awareness of the destructive potential of epidemics such as HIV/AIDS pushed public health issues to the top of the global development agenda. In April 2001, Annan issued a five-point "Call to Action" to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Stating it was a "personal priority", Annan proposed the establishment of a Global AIDS and Health Fund, "dedicated to the battle against HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases" to stimulate the increased international spending needed to help developing countries confront the HIV/AIDS crisis. In June of that year, the General Assembly of the United Nations committed to the creation of such a fund during a special session on AIDS, and the permanent secretariat of the Global Fund was subsequently established in June 2002. Responsibility to Protect Following the failure of Annan and the International Community to intervene in the genocide in Rwanda and in Srebrenica, Annan asked whether the international community had an obligation in such situations to intervene to protect civilian populations. In a speech to the General Assembly in September 1999 "to address the prospects for human security and intervention in the next century," Annan argued that individual sovereignty- the protections afforded by the Declaration of Human Rights and the Charter of the UN, were being strengthened, while the notion of state sovereignty was being redefined by globalization and international cooperation. As a result, the UN and its Member States had to re-consider their willingness to act to prevent conflict and civilian suffering. In September 2001 the Canadian government established an ad-hoc committee to address this balance between State sovereignty and humanitarian intervention. The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty published its final report in 2001, which focused not on the right of states to intervene but on a responsibility to protect populations at risk. The report moved beyond the question of military intervention, arguing that a range of diplomatic and humanitarian actions could also be utilized to protect civilian populations. In 2005, Annan included the doctrine of "Responsibility to Protect" in his report Larger Freedom. when that report was endorsed by the UN General Assembly, it amounted to the first formal endorsement by UN Member States of the doctrine of Responsibility to Protect. Iraq In the years after 1998 when UNSCOM was kicked out by the government of Saddam Hussein and during the Iraq disarmament crisis, in which the United States blamed UNSCOM and former IAEA director Hans Blix for failing to properly disarm Iraq, Scott Ritter the former UNSCOM chief weapons inspector, blamed Annan for being slow and ineffective in enforcing Security Council resolutions on Iraq and was overtly submissive to the demands of the Clinton administration for regime removal and inspection of sites, often Presidential palaces, that were not mandated in any resolution and were of questionable intelligence value, which severely hampered UNSCOM's ability to cooperate with the Iraqi government and contributed to their expulsion from the country. Ritter also claimed that Annan regularly interfered with the work of the inspectors and diluted the chain of command by trying to micromanage all of the activities of UNSCOM, which caused intelligence processing (and the resulting inspections) to be backed up and caused confusion with the Iraqis as to who was in charge and as a result, they generally refused to take orders from Ritter or Rolf Ekéus without explicit approval from Annan, which could have taken days, if not weeks. He later believed that Annan was oblivious to the fact the Iraqis took advantage of this in order to delay inspections. He claimed that on one occasion, Annan refused to implement a no-notice inspection of the SSO headquarters and instead tried to negotiate access, but the negotiation ended up taking nearly six weeks, giving the Iraqis more than enough time to clean out the site. During the build-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Annan called on the United States and the United Kingdom not to invade without the support of the United Nations. In a September 2004 interview on the BBC, when questioned about the legal authority for the invasion, Annan said he believed it was not in conformity with the UN charter and was illegal. Other diplomatic activities In 1998, Annan was deeply involved in supporting the transition from military to civilian rule in Nigeria. The following year, he supported the efforts of East Timor to secure independence from Indonesia. In 2000, he was responsible for certifying Israel 's withdrawal from Lebanon, and in 2006, he led talks in New York between the presidents of Cameroon and Nigeria which led to a settlement of the dispute between the two countries over the Bakassi peninsula. Annan and Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad disagreed sharply on Iran's nuclear program, on an Iranian exhibition of cartoons mocking the Holocaust, and on the then upcoming International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust, an Iranian Holocaust denial conference in 2006. During a visit to Iran instigated by continued Iranian uranium enrichment, Annan said "I think the tragedy of the Holocaust is an undeniable historical fact and we should really accept that fact and teach people what happened in World War II and ensure it is never repeated." Annan supported sending a UN peacekeeping mission to Darfur, Sudan. He worked with the government of Sudan to accept a transfer of power from the African Union peacekeeping mission to a UN one. Annan also worked with several Arab and Muslim countries on women's rights and other topics. Beginning in 1998, Annan convened an annual UN "Security Council Retreat" with the 15 States' representatives of the Council. It was held at the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF) Conference Center at the Rockefeller family estate at Pocantico, and was sponsored by both the RBF and the UN. Lubbers sexual-harassment investigation In June 2004, Annan was given a copy of the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) report on the complaint brought by four female workers against Ruud Lubbers, UN High Commissioner for Refugees for sexual harassment, abuse of authority, and retaliation. The report also reviewed a long-serving staff member's allegations of sexual harassment and misconduct against Werner Blatter, Director of UNHCR Personnel. The investigation found Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment; no mention was made publicly of the other charge against a senior official, or two subsequent complaints filed later that year. In the course of the official investigation, Lubbers wrote a letter which some considered was a threat to the female worker who had brought the charges. On 15 July 2004, Annan cleared Lubbers of the accusations, saying they were not substantial enough legally. His decision held until November 2004. When the OIOS issued its annual report to the UN General Assembly, it stated that it had found Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment. These events were widely reported and weakened Annan's influence. On 17 November 2004, Annan accepted an OIOS report clearing Dileep Nair, UN Under-Secretary-General for Internal Oversight Services, of political corruption and sexual harassment charges. Some UN staff in New York disagreed with this conclusion, leading to extended debate on 19 November. The internal UN-OIOS report on Lubbers was leaked, and sections accompanied by an article by Kate Holt were published in a British newspaper. In February 2005, he resigned as head of the UN refugee agency. Lubbers said he wanted to relieve political pressure on Annan. Oil-for-Food scandal In December 2004, reports surfaced that the Secretary-General's son Kojo Annan received payments from the Swiss company Cotecna Inspection SA, which had won a lucrative contract under the UN Oil-for-Food Program. Kofi Annan called for an investigation to look into the allegations. Annan appointed the Independent Inquiry Committee, which was led by former US Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker, then the director of the United Nations Association of the US. In his first interview with the Inquiry Committee, Annan denied having had a meeting with Cotecna. Later in the inquiry, he recalled that he had met with Cotecna's chief executive Elie-Georges Massey twice. In a final report issued on 27 October, the committee found insufficient evidence to indict Kofi Annan on any illegal actions, but did find fault with Benon Sevan, a Turkish-Cypriot national who had worked for the UN for about 40 years. Appointed by Annan to the Oil-For-Food role, Sevan repeatedly asked Iraqis for allocations of oil to the African Middle East Petroleum Company. Sevan's behavior was "ethically improper", Volcker said to reporters. Sevan repeatedly denied the charges and argued that he was being made a "scapegoat". The Volcker report was highly critical of the UN management structure and the Security Council oversight. It strongly recommended a new position be established of Chief Operating Officer (COO), to handle the fiscal and administrative responsibilities than under the Secretary General's office. The report listed the companies, both Western and Middle Eastern, that benefited illegally from the program. Nobel Peace Prize In 2001, its centennial year, the Nobel Committee decided that the Peace Prize was to be divided between the UN and Annan. He was awarded the Peace Prize for having revitalized the UN and for having given priority to human rights. The Nobel Committee also recognized his commitment to the struggle to containing the spread of HIV in Africa and his declared opposition to international terrorism. Relations between the United States and the United Nations Kofi Annan supported his deputy Secretary-General Mark Malloch Brown, who openly criticized the United States in a speech on 6 June 2006: "[T]he prevailing practice of seeking to use the UN almost by stealth as a diplomatic tool while failing to stand up for it against its domestic critics is simply not sustainable. You will lose the UN one way or another. [...] [That] the US is constructively engaged with the UN [...] is not well known or understood, in part because much of the public discourse that reaches the US heartland has been largely abandoned to its loudest detractors such as Rush Limbaugh and Fox News." Malloch later said his talk was a "sincere and constructive critique of U.S. policy toward the U.N. by a friend and admirer." The talk was unusual because it violated unofficial policy of not having top officials publicly criticize member nations. The interim US ambassador John R. Bolton, appointed by President George W. Bush, was reported to have told Annan on the phone: "I've known you since 1989 and I'm telling you this is the worst mistake by a senior UN official that I have seen in that entire time." Observers from other nations supported Malloch's view that conservative politicians in the US prevented many citizens from understanding the benefits of US involvement in the UN. UN Resolution 61/225: World Diabetes Day Kofi Annan witnessed the United Nations General Assembly's passage of UN Resolution 61/225, to establish World Diabetes Day. The Resolution was the second UN General Assembly Resolution on a health-related issue (the other being HIV/AIDS). Resolution 61/225 is the only Health-related UN Resolution to pass by consensus. Sponsored by the Republic of South Africa and Bangladesh, the Resolution was passed on 20 December 2006. UN Resolution 60/7: International Holocaust Remembrance day Annan also witnessed the establishment of International Holocaust Remembrance Day, designated by the UN General Assembly on 1 November 2005 during the 42nd plenary session. The Resolution urges every member nation of the UN to honor the memory of Holocaust victims, and encourages the development of educational programs about Holocaust history to help prevent future acts of genocide. It rejects any denial of the Holocaust as an event and condemns all manifestations of religious intolerance, incitement, harassment or violence against persons or communities based on ethnic origin or religious belief. International Holocaust Remembrance day is celebrated on 27 January, the day Soviet troops liberated Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest Nazi camp. Farewell addresses On 19 September 2006, Annan gave a farewell address to world leaders gathered at the UN headquarters in New York, in anticipation of his retirement on 31 December. In the speech he outlined three major problems of "an unjust world economy, world disorder, and widespread contempt for human rights and the rule of law", which he believes "have not resolved, but sharpened" during his time as Secretary-General. He also pointed to violence in Africa, and the Arab–Israeli conflict as two major issues warranting attention. On 11 December 2006, in his final speech as Secretary-General, delivered at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library in Independence, Missouri, Annan recalled Truman's leadership in the founding of the United Nations. He called for the United States to return to President Truman's multilateralist foreign policies, and to follow Truman's credo that "the responsibility of the great states is to serve and not dominate the peoples of the world". He also said that the United States must maintain its commitment to human rights, "including in the struggle against terrorism." Post-UN career Following his two terms as Secretary General, Annan was immediately suggested as a candidate to become Ghana's next President. Kofi Annan Foundation In 2007, Annan established the Kofi Annan Foundation, an independent, not-for-profit organization that works to promote better global governance and strengthen the capacities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more peaceful world. The Foundation believes that fair and peaceful societies rest on three pillars: Peace and Security, Sustainable Development and Human Rights and the Rule of Law, and they have made it their mission to mobilise the leadership and the political resolve needed to tackle threats to these three pillars ranging from violent conflict to flawed elections and climate change, with the aim of achieving a fairer, more peaceful world. The Foundation provides the analytical, communication and co-ordination capacities needed to ensure that these objectives are achieved. Kofi Annan's contribution to peace worldwide is delivered through mediation, political mentoring, advocacy and advice. Through his engagement, Kofi Annan aims to strengthen local and international conflict resolution capabilities. The Foundation provides the analytical and logistical support to facilitate this in co-operation with relevant local, regional and international actors. The Foundation is guided by the following values and principles: "The primacy of dialogue, tolerance and reconciliation as instruments for building and preserving peace within communities and between countries. Respect for the rule of law and human rights as the foundations of good governance and democratic accountability. The need to reduce hunger and poverty, and promote equality of opportunity to alleviate human suffering. The Foundation is prepared to take timely action on important and pressing issues based on careful research and analysis. The Foundation is non-partisan and serves as a neutral actor in conflict resolution activities. The Foundation works in close cooperation with other organizations, public or private, with proven competencies in order to advance its mission. The Foundation does not duplicate the effective efforts of others and only acts when there is a clear added value. The Foundation is an independent, not-for-profit organization under Swiss law. The Foundation is funded by a mix of public and private donors. Particular care is given to ensure that funding sources are beyond reproach and that contributions are politically untied." The Foundation works mainly through private diplomacy, where Kofi Annan provides informal counsel and participates in discreet diplomatic initiatives to avert or resolve crises by applying his unique experience and inspirational leadership. He is often asked to intercede in crises, sometimes as an impartial independent mediator, sometimes as a special envoy of the international community. In recent years he has provided such counsel to Burkina Faso, Kenya, Myanmar, Senegal, Syria/Iraq and Colombia. KNDR Following the outbreak of violence during the 2007 Presidential elections in Kenya, the African Union established a Panel of Eminent African Personalities to assist in finding a peaceful solution to the crisis. The panel, headed by Annan, managed to convince the two principal parties to the conflict, President Mwai Kibaki’s Party of National Unity (PNU) and Raila Odinga’s Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), to participate in the Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation Process (KNDR). Over the course of 41 days of negotiations, several agreements regarding taking actions to stop the violence and remedying its consequences were signed. On 28 February President Mwai Kibaki and Raila Odinga signed a coalition government agreement. Kofi Annan and was widely lauded by many Kenyans for this landmark achievement. Joint Special Envoy for Syria On 23 February 2012, Annan was appointed as the UN-Arab League envoy to Syria, in an attempt to end the civil war taking place. He developed a six-point plan for peace: commit to work with the Envoy in an inclusive Syrian-led political process to address the legitimate aspirations and concerns of the Syrian people, and, to this end, commit to appoint an empowered interlocutor when invited to do so by the Envoy; commit to stop the fighting and achieve urgently an effective United Nations supervised cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties to protect civilians and stabilise the country. ensure timely provision of humanitarian assistance to all areas affected by the fighting, and to this end, as immediate steps, to accept and implement a daily two-hour humanitarian pause and to coordinate exact time and modalities of the daily pause through an efficient mechanism, including at local level; intensify the pace and scale of release of arbitrarily detained persons, including especially vulnerable categories of persons, and persons involved in peaceful political activities, provide without delay through appropriate channels a list of all places in which such persons are being detained, immediately begin organizing access to such locations and through appropriate channels respond promptly to all written requests for information, access or release regarding such persons; ensure freedom of movement throughout the country for journalists and a non-discriminatory visa policy for them; respect freedom of association and the right to demonstrate peacefully as legally guaranteed. On 2 August, he resigned as UN and Arab League joint special envoy to Syria, citing the intransigence of both the Assad government and the rebels, as well as the stalemate on the Security Council as preventing any peaceful resolution of the situation. He also stated that the lack of international unity and ineffective diplomacy among the world leaders has made the peaceful resolution in Syria an impossible task. Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security Annan served as the Chair of the Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security. The Commission was launched in May 2011 as a joint initiative of the Kofi Annan Foundation and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. It comprised 12 eminent individuals from around the world, including Ernesto Zedillo, Martti Ahtisaari, Madeleine Albright and Amartya Sen, and aimed to highlight the importance of the integrity of elections to achieving a more secure, prosperous and stable world. The Commission released its final report: Democracy, a Strategy to Improve the Integrity of Elections Worldwide, in September 2012. Other activities Annan has become involved with several organizations with both global and African focuses. In 2007, Annan was named chairman of the prize committee for the Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, was chosen to lead the new formation of Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), was appointed president of the Global Humanitarian Forum in Geneva, and was selected for the MacArthur Foundation Award for International Justice. Annan serves as Chair of The Elders, a group of independent global leaders who work together on peace and human rights issues. In November 2008, Annan and fellow Elders Jimmy Carter and Graça Machel attempted to travel to Zimbabwe to make a first-hand assessment of the humanitarian situation in the country. Refused entry, the Elders instead carried out their assessment from Johannesburg, where they met Zimbabwe- and South Africa-based leaders from politics, business, international organisations and civil society. In May 2011, following months of political violence in Côte d'Ivoire, Annan travelled to the country with Elders Desmond Tutu and Mary Robinson to encourage national reconciliation. On 16 October 2014, Kofi Annan attended the One Young World Summit in Dublin. During a session with fellow Elder Mary Robinson, Kofi Annan encouraged 1,300 young leaders from 191 countries to lead on intergenerational issues such as climate change and the need for action to take place now, not tomorrow. During the Summit he told leaders from 191 countries that addressing the effects of climate change was a general issue, for both the young and old. “We don’t have to wait to act. The action must be now. You will come across people who think we should start tomorrow. Even for those who believe action should begin tomorrow, remind them tomorrow beings now, tomorrow beings today, so lets all move forward." Annan currently serves on the board of directors of the United Nations Foundation, a public charity created in 1998 with entrepreneur and philanthropist Ted Turner's historic $1 billion USD gift to support UN causes. The UN Foundation builds and implements public-private partnerships to address the world's most pressing problems, and broadens support for the UN. Annan chairs the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa. As Chair, he facilitates coalition building to leverage and broker knowledge, in addition to convening decision-makers to influence policy and create lasting change in Africa. Every year, the Panel releases a report, the Africa Progress Report, that outlines an issue of immediate importance to the continent and suggests a set of associated policies. In 2014, the Africa Progress Report highlighted the potential of African fisheries, agriculture and forests to drive economic development. The 2015 report explores the role of climate change and the potential of renewable energy investments in determining Africa's economic future. Kofi Annan was appointed the Chancellor of the University of Ghana in 2008. In May 2009 Annan became a global fellow of the School of International and Public Affairs of Columbia University. The Global Fellows program brings students together with global practitioners to share firsthand knowledge of experiences in the life of an international or public figure. He is also a fellow of The Committee on Global Thought appointed by the University. On 2 September 2009, Annan was unveiled as the first Li Ka Shing Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy of the National University of Singapore (NUS). The announcement was made during the school's 5th anniversary celebrations. On 7 October 2010, Annan was appointed to the Board of Directors of the Global Center for Pluralism, Canada’s new international research and education center dedicated to the study and practice of pluralism worldwide. The Global Center for Pluralism is an initiative of His Highness the Aga Khan in partnership with the Government of Canada. The Center is located in Ottawa, Canada. Dedicated to the creation of successful societies, the Center is founded on the premise that tolerance, openness and understanding towards the cultures, social structures, values and faiths of other peoples are essential to the very survival of an interdependent world. Pluralism is no longer simply an asset or a prerequisite for progress and development. Memoir On 4 September 2012, Annan published his memoir, Interventions: A Life in War and Peace, written with Nader Mousavizadeh, ISBN 978-159420420-3. The book is described as a personal biography of so-called global statecraft. Personal life In 1965 Kofi Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from a well-to-do family. Several years later they had a daughter, Ama, and later a son, Kojo. The couple separated in the late 1970s. In 1984, Annan married Nane Lagergren, a Swedish lawyer at the U.N. and the niece of Raoul Wallenberg. Mr Annan also had a loyal and long serving chauffeur John Miller (Mr Miller) who still is a close friend and confidant to Kofi and his son Kojo. Honours 2000: Companion of the Order of the Star of Ghana2000: Grand Cross Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland2001: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Star of Romania2002: Knight Commander of the Most Courteous Order of Lesotho2005: Grand Collar of the Order of Liberty (Portugal)2006: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion2007: Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria2007: Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) from Queen Elizabeth II (UK)2008: Grand Cross 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Awards 2000: Kora All Africa Music Awards in the category of Lifetime Achievement2001: Nobel Foundation, The Nobel Peace Prize, jointly presented to Kofi Annan and the United Nations2002: winner of the "Profiles in Courage Award", given by the JFK Memorial Museum2002: The American Whig-Cliosophic Society James Madison Award for Distinguished Public Service.2003: Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences2003: Freedom Prize of the Max Schmidheiny Foundation at the University of St. Gallen2004: Freedom medal2006: International World Order of Culture, Science and Education, Award of the European Academy of Informatization, Belgium2006: Inter Press Service, International Achievement Award for Annan's lasting contributions to peace, security, and development2006: Olof Palme Prize2007: Wooden Crossbow, special award from the Swiss World Economic Forum2007: People in Europe Award of Verlagsgruppe Passau2007: MacArthur Foundation, MacArthur Award for International Justice2007: North-South Prize of the Council of Europe2008: Peace of Westphalia Prize2008: Harvard University Honors Prize2008: Gottlieb Duttweiler Prize2008: Peace of Westphalia Prize – Münster (Westfalen)2008: Open Society Award – CEU Business School Budapest2011: Gothenburg Award 2012: Confucius Peace Prize Honorary degrees Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, (Kumasi), Honorary Doctor of Science, 24 August 1998 United Nations Mandated University for Peace, Honorary President, 1999 Lund University, Honorary Doctor of Law, 1999 National University of Ireland, Doctor of Law, 22 January 1999 Technische Universität Dresden, doctor honoris causa, 27 April 1999 Howard University, honorary doctorate of humane letters, 8 May 1999 Comenius University in Bratislava, doctor honoris causa, 15 June 1999 University of Michigan, Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, 3 May 1999 University of Notre Dame, Doctor of Letters, honoris causa, 21 May 2000 Seton Hall University, John C. Whitehead School of Diplomacy and International Relations, Honorary Doctorate, February 2001 Brown University, Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, 28 May 2001 Liberty Medal International Selection Commission, Liberty Medal, 4 July 2001 Free University of Berlin, doctor honoris causa, 13 July 2001 Tilburg University, Honorary Doctorate, 2002 University of Alcalá, Doctor Honoris Causa, 9 April 2002 Northwestern University, Doctor of Laws, 21 June 2002 University of Pittsburgh, honorary Doctor of Public and International Affairs degree 21 October 2003 Ghent University (Belgium), doctor honoris causa 21 March 2003 Carleton University, Legum Doctor, honoris causa, 9 March 2004 University of Ottawa, Doctor of the University Degree, 9 March 2004 University of Pennsylvania, Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, 16 May 2005 Universidade Nova de Lisboa, doctor honoris causa, 12 October 2005 The George Washington University, Doctor of Public Service, 5 May 2006 University of Tokyo, Honorary Doctorate, 18 May 2006 Georgetown University, Doctor of Humane Letters, honoris causa, 30 October 2006 University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, Max Schmidheiny Foundation Freedom Prize (originally awarded 2003, but postponed due to Annan's illness), 18 November 2006 Princeton University, Crystal Tiger Award, 28 November 2006 Uppsala University, receiver of the Uppsala University Linnaeus Medal in gold, 23 May 2007, and doctor honoris causa 26 May 2007 King's College London, Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, 28 May 2008 University of Neuchâtel, Honorary Doctorate, 1 November 2008 Glasgow Caledonian University, Doctor of Laws, 18 November 2011
7734	dbpedia	1	85	https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/09/united-nations-was-kofi-annan-secretary-general/	en	“United Nations was Kofi Annan” – Secretary General	https://starrfm.com.gh/w…s/2018/09/16.jpg	https://starrfm.com.gh/w…s/2018/09/16.jpg	[ "https://starrfm.com.gh/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/starr_online_logo.png", "https://starrfm.com.gh/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/starr_online_logo.png", "https://starrfm.com.gh/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/16.jpg", "https://starrfm.com.gh/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/soldiers-liberia-218x150.jpg", "https://starrfm.com.gh/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Al-Shabab-218x150.webp", "https://starrfm.com.gh/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Gaza-218x150.png", "https://starrfm.com.gh/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/starr_online_logo.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2018-09-13T11:36:26+00:00	“Kofi Annan was the United Nations and the United Nations was Kofi Annan,” the Secretary-General of the UN, António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres has said. According to Guterres, the late former Secr…	en	https://starrfm.com.gh/w…arr-fm-32x32.jpg	Starr Fm	https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/09/united-nations-was-kofi-annan-secretary-general/	“Kofi Annan was the United Nations and the United Nations was Kofi Annan,” the Secretary-General of the UN, António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres has said. According to Guterres, the late former Secretary-General of the UN, who died on August 18, 2018, in Switzerland after a short illness was “an exceptional global leader” and also “someone virtually anyone in the world could see themselves in. Those on the far reaches of poverty, conflict and despair always found in him an ally.” Guterres continued: “Kofi Annan was courageous, speaking truth to power whilst subjecting himself to intense self-scrutiny.” Kofi Annan, he said, had an enormous mystical sense of the United Nations as a “force for good in the world of ills.” Likened to Dag Hammarskjold, the second Secretary-General of the United Nations, who died in a mysterious plane crash in Africa in 1961, Kofi Annan who was appointed as the seventh and the first black African Secretary-General of the United Nations on January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2006 was credited for revitalizing institutions of the United Nations, shaping what he called a new “norm of humanitarian intervention,” particularly in places where there was no peace for traditional peacekeepers to keep. “All of these added up to a remarkable record of achievement,” said Guterres adding “Kofi Annan was the United Nations and the United Nations was him.” Born on April 8, 1938, in Kumasi, the man eulogized as “the embodiment of peace” and “the secretary-general” by Otumfuo Osei Tutu and Graca Machel—widow of former South African President Nelson Mandela was the first black African to lead the United Nations. “He will be remembered in my view as the Secretary-General of the UN. I think there will be very few who will remember other Secretaries-General and I’m not being diplomatic here, but he is really, the one all people in the world when they say, the Secretary-General of the UN—it’s the face of Kofi Annan,” said Graca Machel. “We will miss him, we will miss him very…very dearly. It is going to be very difficult to find someone who can step in his shoes,” she added. He was sired into a royal family by Henry Reginald Annan and Victoria Annan. He had his education at University of Science and Technology (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology—KNUST); Macalester College, St. Paul, Minnesota, B.A. in economics, 1961; Attended Institut Universitaire des Hautes Etudes Internationales, Geneva, Switzerland, 1961-1962; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan Fellow, M.S. in management, 1971-1972. Kofi Annan was involved in two marriages during his lifetime, marrying Nane (Lagergren) Annan (1984 until his death on August 18, 2018) and Titi Alakija (1965-1983, divorce). He left behind 3 children—Nina (stepdaughter), Kojo and Ama.
7734	dbpedia	3	6	https://crosswordheaven.com/clues/kofi-annan-alma-mater	en	Kofi Annan alma mater - Crossword Clue Answer	https://crosswordheaven.com/favicon.gif	https://crosswordheaven.com/favicon.gif	[ "https://crosswordheaven.com/assets/bottom-b6264e8df4bcbf7cb0de9ee440796e699aa0cfaa125e7889a45618103ba51f00.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "Crossword", "crossword dictionary", "crossword heaven", "search", "crossword clue", "crossword help", "New York Times Crossword", "NYT Crossword", "clue search", "Clue of the Day", "Crossword Clues", "help crossword" ]	null	[]	null	Find answers for the crossword clue: Kofi Annan alma mater. We have 1 answer for this clue.		/favicon.ico		null	Clue: Kofi Annan alma mater We have 1 answer for the clue Kofi Annan alma mater. See the results below. Possible Answers: MIT Related Clues: Weimar "with" Cambridge sch. Engineer's sch. "Good Will Hunting" setting Prestigious sch. near Boston Prestigious sch. I. M. Pei's alma mater Sch. on the Charles Physicist's alma mater, maybe: Abbr. Sch. on the Charles River Last Seen In: Netword - January 18, 2014 Netword - March 01, 2008
7734	dbpedia	3	73	https://crosswordhelper.com/crossword-clues/Alma-mater-for-Buzz-Aldrin-and-Kofi-Annan%253A-Abbr/	en	Alma mater for Buzz Aldrin and Kofi Annan: Abbr	https://crosswordhelper.com/favicon.ico	https://crosswordhelper.com/favicon.ico	[ "https://crosswordhelper.com/static/images/logo.svg", "https://crosswordhelper.com/static/images/logo.svg", "https://crosswordhelper.com/static/images/home_icon.svg", "https://crosswordhelper.com/static/images/animated-icons/ic-clues@2x-black.svg", "https://crosswordhelper.com/static/images/animated-icons/ic-daily-black.svg", "https://crosswordhelper.com/static/images/animated-icons/ic-clues@2x.png", "https://crosswordhelper.com/static/images/publisher-bg-purple.svg", "https://crosswordhelper.com/static/images/daily-crosswords/im-cw-purple4@2x.jpg", "https://crosswordhelper.com/static/images/daily-crosswords/im-cw-purple3@2x.jpg", "https://crosswordhelper.com/static/images/logo-footer.svg", "https://crosswordhelper.com/static/images/ic_ft_wfw.png", "https://crosswordhelper.com/static/images/ic_ft_ws.png", "https://crosswordhelper.com/static/images/ic_ft_wlf.png", "https://crosswordhelper.com/static/images/ic_ft_ydr.png", "https://crosswordhelper.com/static/images/ic_ft_wfw.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Find all the answers for "Alma mater for Buzz Aldrin and Kofi Annan: Abbr" Crossword Clue. With the latest clues from your favorite crosswords including The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times and more		/favicon.ico		https://crosswordhelper.com/crossword-clues/Alma-mater-for-Buzz-Aldrin-and-Kofi-Annan%253A-Abbr/	Alma mater for Buzz Aldrin and Kofi Annan: Abbr Crossword Clue Last seen: The New York Times, 29 May 2010
7734	dbpedia	3	24	https://mediaengagement.org/quiz-embed/700	en	Strib Quiz: May 5			[ "https://mediaengagement.org/wp-content/uploads/enp-quiz/700/3562/kofi05081801--original.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	How well can you do?	en			https://mediaengagement.org//wp-content/plugins/enp-quiz/public/quiz-take/templates/quiz.php?quiz_id=700	add check navigate_next close mail twitter facebook Strib Quiz: May 5-11 1/10 Former Secretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan returned to his alma mater this week as a building was renamed for him at which school? Select one option. University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Augsburg College Gustavus Adolphus College Macalester College
7734	dbpedia	2	87	https://businessghana.com/site/news/general/150129/An-encounter-with-an-astute-international-diplomat-Busumuru-Dr-Kofi-Annan	en	An encounter with an astute international diplomat- Busumuru Dr Kofi Annan	https://businessghana.co…910KofiAnnan.jpg	https://businessghana.co…910KofiAnnan.jpg	[ "https://businessghana.com/site/img/email.png", "https://businessghana.com/site/img/login.png", "https://businessghana.com/site/img/logo.png", "https://businessghana.com/site/img/login.png", "http://targetinfinity.com/as/www/delivery/avw.php?zoneid=107&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&n=ae490679", "http://targetinfinity.com/as/www/delivery/avw.php?zoneid=110&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&n=a51a09cf", "https://businessghana.com/site/img/icon_facebook.png", "https://businessghana.com/site/img/icon_twitter.png", "https://businessghana.com/site/img/icon_linkin.png", "https://businessghana.com/site/img/icon_googleplus.png", "https://businessghana.com/site/img/icon_email.png", "https://businessghana.com/cms/img/news/2017-08-11-084910KofiAnnan.jpg", "http://targetinfinity.com/as/www/delivery/avw.php?zoneid=39&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&n=a7f52682", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-15-14005300.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-15-11184801.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-15-1116520.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-15-1121171.JPG", "http://targetinfinity.com/as/www/delivery/avw.php?zoneid=39&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&n=a7f52682", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-15-141318000.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-15-11141600.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-15-144422000.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-15-1448150.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-15-1123362.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-16-053810000.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-15-14461900.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-15-110857000.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-14-140416000.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-14-115404000.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/img/news/2017-08-11-084718David-Asante-Appeatu.jpg", "https://businessghana.com/cms/img/news/2017-08-11-085045Kwasi-Agyeman-Busia.png", "https://businessghana.com/site/img/logo.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "BusinessGhana", "businessghana.com", "News", "General" ]	null	[]	null	A section of Ghanaians will have a rare opportunity of meeting and listening to an astute international diplomat, Busumuru Dr. Kofi Atta...		/site/favicon.ico	BusinessGhana	https://www.businessghana.com/	A section of Ghanaians will have a rare opportunity of meeting and listening to an astute international diplomat, Busumuru Dr. Kofi Atta Annan today.The astute diplomat would be the special guest speaker at his alma mater, Mfantsipim Old Boys Association’s (MOBA) fundraising ceremony at the Kempinski Gold Coast City Hotel. He would speak on the topic: “Leadership and Public Service”. The MOBA annual fundraising event known as the “MOBA Ebusuapanyin’s Lunch” is aimed at creating a platform for discourse on issues of national interest.As part of the programme there would be an exhibition and auction of art pieces from Dr Annan’s personal collection.Dr Kofi Atta Annan was born on 8th April, 1938 to Mr Henry Reginald Annan and Victoria in Kumasi in the Ashanti Region. He attended the elite Mfantsipim School, a Methodist boarding school from 1954 to 1957. It was where he learnt that “suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere."He graduated from the Mfantsipim School in 1957 the same time the country gained independence from the British colonial rule. He joined the Kumasi College of Science and Technology in 1958 for a degree in economics. He received a Ford Foundation grant that enabled him to complete his undergraduate studies in economics at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota in 1961.He then undertook graduate studies in economics at the Institut universitaire des hautes études internationales in Geneva, Switzerland from 1961 to 1962. His grandfathers and uncle were tribal chiefs and he was raised in one of Ghana's aristocratic families.He was the first to emerge from the ranks of the United Nations (UN) staff to serve as the seventh Secretary-General of the UN for two terms from 1997 to 2006.The UN and Dr Annan were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001 "for their work for a better organised and more peaceful world". While he was the Secretary-General, Dr Annan prioritised the establishment of a comprehensive reforms programme aimed at revitalising the UN.UN had traditionally been working in the areas of development and he worked for further strengthening this work. He is a passionate advocate of human rights, and a strong believer in the universal values of equality, tolerance and human dignity.He wants to bring the UN closer to the people by reaching out to new partners, and thereby restore public confidence in the organisation.He had a major part to play in the establishment of two new intergovernmental bodies: the Peace-building Commission and the Human Rights Council in 2005. He also played a pivotal role in the creation of the Global Funds to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria.He strongly opposed the 2003 invasion of Iraq and Iran's nuclear programme. After his retirement from the UN in 2006, he returned to Ghana where he is involved with a number of Africa and global organisations. The people of Kenya fondly remember him for his intervention and mediating in the 2008 post-election conflict.Dr Annan in his own words said: "My role in mediating Kenya conflict was amongst the most intensive and enduring of all my interventions".
7734	dbpedia	2	13	https://citifmonline.com/2017/08/give-african-youth-opportunity-to-lead-kofi-annan/	en	Give African youth opportunity to lead – Kofi Annan	https://citifmonline.com…973-FM-32x32.jpg	https://citifmonline.com…973-FM-32x32.jpg	[ "https://citifmonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Citi-fm-online_logo.png", "https://citifmonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Citi-fm-web-logo-01-1.png", "https://citifmonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Citi-fm-web-logo-01-1.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Kojo Akoto Boateng" ]	2017-08-11T08:36:57+00:00	Former UN General Secretary, Kofi Annan has called on African governments to invest in the youth and give them opportunity	en	https://citifmonline.com…973-FM-32x32.jpg	Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always	https://citifmonline.com/2017/08/give-african-youth-opportunity-to-lead-kofi-annan/	Former UN General Secretary, Kofi Annan has called on African governments to invest in the youth and give them opportunity to lead. Speaking during a lecture on leadership and public service dubbed ‘An afternoon with Kofi Annan’ organized by the alumni of his alma mater Mfantsipim College, Kofi Annan asked African governments to “offer our growing population, the opportunity for employment.” He was quick to add that African leaders “must allow African youth to lead us into the future with enlightened modernity rooted in African values.” He also entreated African leaders to “remember the youth of the past leaders.” Kofi Annan recalled that since “Kwame Nkrumah was 48 when he became the first leader of Ghana in March 1957 and Gamel Abdul Nasser was 38 when he became Egypt’s second president in 1956,” African leaders must “remember that one is not too young to lead nor too old to learn.” He also chided African leaders for their desire to clinch to power through fraudulent elections. “A growing number of Presidents are changing their constitutions and subverting elections to remain in power indefinitely. According to international watch dogs, democratic freedoms seem to be in retreat on our continent. Although governments organize elections, many lack integrity.” In light of the challenges he mentioned, Kofi Annan asked African leaders to “ponder important questions” on whether they had “invested our revenues in areas that will benefit the people, particularly the young?” He believes African leaders could harness the potentials of the youth by strengthening the three pillars of healthy democratic societies thus, ensuring peace and security, inclusive development, rule of law and respect for human rights. Kofi Annan said these pillars should be taken holistically and serve as the foundation for Africa’s development agenda. “A leader must listen…a leader must listen to what is said… and above all, to what is not said. A good leader must also be a good follower and when leaders failed to lead, the people will lead and make them follow …We need strong institutions to buttress our system, we also need to think beyond the State, strong businesses, strong civil societies to hold government to the promises they make to the people will just as be important”. Masters of our own destinies Kofi Annan indicated that African leaders “cannot fail to meet our youth’s aspiration with opportunity” adding that the decisions African leaders “take today, both in government, in business and civil society will determine whether the continent can ride the fourth wave successfully.” “More than ever, out future is in our hands. A bright African future is one that requires Africa’s people as central agents. We must ride the wave that begun long ago at independence to come together to affirm the way forward for the continent.” – By: citifmonline.com/Ghana
7734	dbpedia	1	11	https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Kofi_Annan	en	New World Encyclopedia	https://www.newworldency…avicon-32x32.png	https://www.newworldency…avicon-32x32.png	[ "https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/images/nwe_header.jpg", "https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/d/images/thumb/1/1a/Kofi_Annan.jpg/250px-Kofi_Annan.jpg", "https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/d/images/thumb/f/f8/President_Vladimir_Putin_with_UN_Secretary_General_Kofi_Annan.jpg/250px-President_Vladimir_Putin_with_UN_Secretary_General_Kofi_Annan.jpg", "https://static.newworldencyclopedia.org/skins/common/images/Cc.logo.circle.png", "https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en	https://static.newworldencyclopedia.org/favicon.ico		https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Kofi_Annan	Kofi Atta Annan (April 8, 1938 - August 18, 2018) was a diplomat of Ghanaian ancestry who served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2006. In his role as secretary-general, Annan was a constant voice in support of human rights and the rule of law. Annan was instrumental in introducing specific development targets in 2000 known as the Millennium Development Goals. All member states of the UN committed to fulfillment of the goals by the year 2015. In addition, Annan worked hard to strengthen the bond between the UN system and the many international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that are affiliated with the UN. He recognized that these organizations and civil society in general were affecting positive change in the lives of people in developing nations. He also recognized that these NGOs are the eyes and ears of the UN in the field. On January 1, 2007, Annan was succeeded as UN secretary-general by South Korean diplomat Ban Ki-moon. Early years and family Kofi Annan (IPA: /kofi ænən/) was born to Victoria and Henry Reginald Annan in the Kofandros section of Kumasi, Ghana. He is a twin, an occurrence that is regarded as special in Ghanaian culture. His twin sister, Efua Atta, died in 1991. She shares his middle name, Atta, which in Fante means “twin.” As with most Akan names, his first name indicates the day of the week he was born. The name Kofi denotes a boy born on a Friday. The name Annan can indicate that a child was the fourth in the family. But in Kofi's family it became a family name at some time in the past. Kofi inherited the name from his parents. Annan's surname is frequently mispronounced as /ə nonˈ/ or /a nonˈ/. Annan was asked how to pronounce his name during an interview on National Public Radio shortly after taking office as secretary-general. He explained that the correct pronunciation rhymes with "cannon"; thus, /ænən/. Annan's family was part of Ghana's elite. Both of his grandfathers and his uncle were tribal chiefs. His father was half Asante and half Fante. His mother was Fante. Annan's father worked for a long period as an export manager for the Lever Brothers cocoa company. Annan was married to Nane Maria Annan, a Swedish lawyer and artist who is the half-niece of Raoul Wallenberg. He has two children, Kojo and Ama, from his previous marriage to a Nigerian woman, Titi Alakija. Annan and Titi were divorced in the late 1970s. Nane Annan also has one child, Nina Cronstedt de Groot, from a previous marriage. Education From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim School, a Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan has said that the school taught him "that suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere." In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, Ghana became the first British colony in Sub-Saharan Africa to gain independence. In 1958, Annan began studying for a degree in economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies at Macalester College in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, in 1961. Annan then studied at the Graduate Institute of International Studies (Institut universitaire des hautes études internationales IUHEI) in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961–1962. Later he attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Sloan School of Management (1971–1972) Sloan Fellows program and received a master of science degree. Annan is fluent in English, French, Kru, other dialects of Akan languages, and other African languages. Early career In 1962, Annan started working as a budget officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations. From 1974 to 1976, he worked as the director of tourism in Ghana. Later posts included service with the Economic Commission for Africa, UN Emergency Force and the United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees. Annan then worked as UN assistant secretary general in three consecutive positions: human resources management and security coordinator, from 1987 to 1990; programme planning, budget and finance, and controller, from 1990 to 1992; and peacekeeping operations, from March 1993 to February 1994. Annan served as undersecretary-general until October 1995, when he was made a special representative of the secretary-general to the former Yugoslavia, serving for five months in that capacity before returning to his duties as undersecretary-general in April 1996. Secretary General of the United Nations On December 13, 1996, Annan was recommended by the United Nations Security Council to be secretary-general[1] and was confirmed four days later by vote of the General Assembly.[2] Annan took the oath of office without delay. He started his first term as secretary-general on January 1, 1997. Annan replaced outgoing secretary-general Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt. He was the first person from a black African nation to serve as UN secretary-general. Annan came to the job at a time of unprecedented humanitarian crisis and challenge in the world. The budget at the UN was extremely tight. The U.S., the major source of funds to the UN, was seriously behind in paying dues. The mild-mannered Annan set about to tighten the purse strings and renew and tighten the focus of the UN on the vision put forth in its original charter. He also worked to improve the relationship between the UN and the U.S. government. In 1998 Annan appointed the first deputy secretary-general, Louise Frechette of Canada, serving the role of chief of operations. Annan's appointment of Frechette was the beginning of his push for more gender parity and advancement of women within the UN system (Mark Malloch Brown succeeded Louise Frechette as Annan's deputy secretary-general in April 2006). In 1999 Annan introduced the "Global Compact" with the aim of campaigning globally to promote corporate social responsibility. As the new millennium approached, Annan called a Millennium Summit of the General Assembly in 2000. In preparation for this summit, he wrote a report entitled "We the Peoples, The United Nations Role in the 21st Century." The report included points for consideration by the summit. Among these points were specific development goals and timetable targets for completion that if accomplished would make major headway in ending abject poverty and its accompanying human suffering. These goals came to be known as the “Millennium Development Goals.” All member states at the Millennium Summit signed on in commitment to fulfill these goals. Since that time, the UN system and the hundreds of nongovernmental organizations affiliated with the United Nations have made it their work to accomplish these goals. Under Annan's watch, the UN began to shift its understanding and definition of security. In the past, security had implied state security. Now that many problems and crises went across national boundaries such as HIV/AIDS and other diseases, terrorism, human trafficking and sometimes states themselves became the threat to the security of their citizens, security came to mean human security. Annan was a key advocate for member states to accept their responsibility to protect people for genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. In April 2001, Annan issued a five-point "Call to Action" to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Annan saw this pandemic as his "personal priority" as secretary-general and in life in general. He proposed the establishment of a Global AIDS and Health Fund to stimulate increased spending needed to help developing countries confront the HIV/AIDS crisis. On December 10, 2001, Annan and the United Nations were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world." Annan's tenure as secretary-general was renewed on January 1, 2002, in an unusual deviation from formal policy. The office usually rotates among the continents, with two terms each. Since Annan's predecessor Boutros-Ghali was also an African, Annan normally would have served only one term. Annan's reappointment indicated his unusual popularity. During the buildup to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Annan called on the United States and the United Kingdom not to invade without the support of the United Nations. In a September 2004 interview on the BBC, Annan was asked about the legal authority for the invasion, and responded, "from our point of view, from the charter point of view, it was illegal."[3][4] Annan supported sending a UN peacekeeping mission to Darfur, Sudan, and at the conclusion of his term, had been working with the government of Sudan to accept a transfer of power from the African Union peacekeeping mission to a UN one. Annan was also working with several Arab and Muslim countries on women's rights and other topics. Beginning in 1998, Annan convened an annual UN Security Council Retreat with 15 states’ representatives of the council at the Rockefeller Brothers Fund Conference Center at the Rockefeller family estate at Pocantico. Annan and his wife were socially active within New York. Annan enjoyed a friendship with New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg even before he was elected mayor. Annan was known to be punctual and not prone to trying to steal the spotlight. He showed an earnest appreciation for meeting and befriending a wide variety of people. This ability helped ease tensions between the city of New York and the UN, as well as give Annan an audience for his initiatives in the world of business and civil society. UN controversies during Annan's tenure Lubbers sexual harassment investigation In June 2004, Annan was given a copy of the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) report on the complaint of sexual harassment, abuse of authority, and retaliation against Ruud Lubbers, UN high commissioner for refugees. The report also discussed allegations of sexual harassment and misconduct against Werner Blatter, director of UNHCR personnel by a long time staff member. The investigation report found Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment. No public mention was made of the other charge against a senior official or the two subsequent complaints filed later that year. On July 15, 2004, after seeking legal advice, Kofi Annan chose not to take action against Lubbers due to the extreme difficulty of trying to prove the allegations. He issued a stern warning to Lubbers about the allegations of misconduct. OIOS issued its annual report to the UN General Assembly in November that year, noting it had found Lubbers guilty. These events and the subsequent media attention may have served to weaken Annan's position. In February 2005, Lubbers resigned as head of the UN refugee agency.[5] Administration of the Oil-for-Food Programme In December 2004, reports surfaced that the Annan’s son Kojo received payments from the Swiss company, Cotecna Inspection SA, which won a lucrative contract under the UN Oil-for-Food Programme.[6] Kofi Annan called for an investigation into this matter. The Independent Inquiry Committee into The United Nations Oil-for-Food Programme was appointed by Annan and led by former U.S. Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcker. Volcker had strong ideological ties to the UN as director of the United Nations Association of the United States of America. In his first interview with the inquiry committee, Annan denied having had a meeting with Cotecna. Later in the inquiry he recalled that he had met with Cotecna's chief executive Elie-Georges Massey twice. In a final report issued on October 27, the committee exonerated Annan of any illegal actions, but found fault with the UN management structure and the Security Council oversight. It strongly recommended a new position of chief operating officer to handle the fiscal and administrative responsibilities which currently fall to the secretary-general's office. The report listed the companies, both Western and Middle Eastern, who illegally benefited from the program. Some believe the committee and its outcome to have been politically motivated. [7] Conflict between the United States and the United Nations Kofi Annan supported his deputy secretary-general Mark Malloch Brown, who openly criticized segments of the United States media in a speech on June 6, 2006: "The prevailing practice of seeking to use the U.N. almost by stealth as a diplomatic tool while failing to stand up for it against its domestic critics is simply not sustainable...You will lose the U.N. one way or another."[8] Then U.S. ambassador John R. Bolton was reported to have told Annan on the phone: "I've known you since 1989 and I'm telling you this is the worst mistake by a senior U.N. official that I have seen in that entire time."[9] Annan's recommendations for UN reform On March 21, 2005, Annan presented a progress report, In Larger Freedom, to the UN General Assembly. Annan recommended Security Council expansion and a host of other UN reforms.[10] This report focused on reforms to renew and streamline the organization of the United Nations, face chronic problems and strengthen systems to expedite fulfillment of the Millennium Development Goals. The Human Rights Commission was replaced by a new Human Rights Council as recommended by Annan in his report, "In Larger Freedom." The new Human Rights Council had standards that the member states would have to meet, regarding their human rights record, in order to be allowed to participate. In addition, a Peacebuilding Commission was established with the purpose of coordinating efforts to support nations coming out of civil strife and armed conflict. In June 2005, an unprecedented first-ever meeting between the General Assembly and representatives of the community of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) affiliated with the UN occurred. This was an opportunity for NGO representatives to share their expertise on achieving the Millennium Development Goals with the General Assembly. The General Assembly was taking input in preparation for the September 2005 Millennium +5 Summit. Annan's long held belief in the importance of strengthening ties between the UN and civil society was evident in this event. This important step toward reform may be a part of Annan's lasting legacy to the UN. On March 7, 2006, Annan presented his proposals for a fundamental overhaul of the United Nations secretariat, to the General Assembly. The reform report is entitled: "Investing in the United Nations, For a Stronger Organization Worldwide."[11] Farewell addresses On September 19, 2006, Annan gave a farewell address to world leaders gathered at the United Nations headquarters in New York, in anticipation of his retirement on December 31. In the speech he outlined three major problems: "an unjust world economy, world disorder, and widespread contempt for human rights and the rule of law," which he believes "have not resolved, but sharpened" during his time as secretary-general. He also pointed to violence in Africa, and the Arab-Israeli conflict as two major issues warranting attention. On December 11, 2006, in his final speech as secretary-general, delivered at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum in Independence, Missouri, Annan recalled Truman's leadership in the founding of the United Nations. He called for the United States to return to Truman's multilateralist foreign policies, and to follow Truman's credo that "the responsibility of the great states is to serve and not dominate the peoples of the world." This statement was viewed by some as an apparent rebuke of the largely unilateralist policies of the George W. Bush administration. Annan also said that the United States must maintain its commitment to human rights, "including in the struggle against terrorism."[12] A statement in Annan's Nobel Peace Prize speech summed up his outlook and an important truth very well. He said, "In this new century, we must start from the understanding that peace belongs not only to states or peoples, but to each and every member of those communities. The sovereignty of States must no longer be used as a shield for gross violations of human rights. Peace must be made real and tangible in the daily existence of every individual in need. Peace must be sought, above all, because it is the condition for every member of the human family to live a life of dignity and security." Kofi Annan died at the age of 80 on the morning of August 18, 2018 in Bern, Switzerland, after a short illness. Legacy Kofi Annan believed absolutely in the United Nations and the importance of its role in the world. António Guterres, the UN Secretary-General at the time of Annan's death, said that "Kofi Annan was a guiding force for good" and a "proud son of Africa who became a global champion for peace and all humanity."[13] He was also known as "the gentle peacemaker," on account of his "soft, finely modulated voice," his manner of speaking, and "the velvet texture of his presence," his "native tact and endless diplomatic experience."[14] Annan was the recipient of numerous honorary doctorate degrees and other awards,including: Nobel Foundation, The Nobel Peace Prize, jointly presented to Annan and the United Nations, 2001 John F. Kennedy Memorial Museum, Profiles in Courage Award Order of the Dutch Lion, Grand Cross, 2006 University of St. Gallen, Switzerland, Max Schmidheiny Foundation Freedom Prize (originally awarded 2003, but postponed due to Annan's illness), November 18, 2006 Princeton University, Crystal Tiger Award, November 28, 2006 Inter Press Service, International Achievement Award for Annan's lasting contributions to peace, security, and development, December 19, 2006 Notes References ISBN links support NWE through referral fees Annan, Kofi. We the Peoples: The Nobel Lecture Given by the 2001 Nobel Peace Laureate Kofi Annan. New York: Ruder Finn Press, Inc., 2002. ISBN 0964095270 Annan, Kofi. The Quotable Kofi Annan: Selections from Speeches and Statements by the Secretary-General. New York: United Nations Dept. of Public Information, 1998. ISBN 9211006538 Annan, Kofi. Interventions: A Life in War and Peace. Penguin Books, 2013. ISBN 978-0143123958 Meisler, Stanley. Kofi Annan: A Man of Peace in a World of War. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2006. ISBN 0471787442 Traub, James. The Best Intentions: Kofi Annan and the UN in the Era of American World Power. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2006. ISBN 0374182205 All links retrieved February 23, 2019. Williams, Ian. "Annan has paid his dues: The UN declaration of a right to protect people from their governments is a millennial change." The Guardian (September 20, 2005). Kofi Annan - Nobel Lecture Nobel Prize Website (Nobelprize.org) Kofi Annan: Center of the Storm – A film by David Grubin, Public Broadcasting System (PBS) – Includes interactive biography and map of Annan's worldwide travels, among other things. Requires Adobe Flash Player. Kofi Annan Foundation Kofi Annan, Former Secretary-General United Nations
7734	dbpedia	2	52	https://www.ivywise.com/blog/10-mit-notable-alumni-who-are-they-what-did-they-achieve/	en	10 MIT Notable Alumni: Who Are They and What Did They Achieve?	https://www.ivywise.com/…lass-of-2021.jpg	https://www.ivywise.com/…lass-of-2021.jpg	[ "https://www.ivywise.com/core/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/ivywise-logo-larger@2x.png?x68360", "https://www.ivywise.com/core/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/MIT-class-of-2021-800x480.jpg?x68360", "https://www.ivywise.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=scale-down,sharpen=1,quality=60,format=jpeg,width=800/core/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/MIT-class-of-2021-1024x683.jpg?x68360", "https://www.ivywise.com/core/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/ivywise-logo-larger.png?x68360", "https://www.ivywise.com/core/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/logo-nacac.png?x68360", "https://www.ivywise.com/core/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/WBE_Seal_RGB.png?x68360", "https://www.ivywise.com/core/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/qrcode-ivywise.png?x68360", "https://www.ivywise.com/core/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/qrcode-ivywise.png?x68360" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "IvyWise" ]	2022-07-22T00:00:00	Learn who are some of the most notable MIT Alumni and what they have achieved.	en	https://www.ivywise.com/…16x16.png?x68360	IvyWise	https://www.ivywise.com/blog/10-mit-notable-alumni-who-are-they-what-did-they-achieve/	Most students who are passionate about science and technology are familiar with MIT. The university is a renowned research institution that provides students with ample opportunities to spearhead their own projects, learn from esteemed faculty, and make connections with MIT’s robust alumni network. There’s no shortage of famous names and faces when it comes to MIT’s community of alumni. In fact, there are thousands of successful MIT alumni who students can tap for advice, internship opportunities, and research positions. Keep reading to learn more about MIT’s most successful alumni and the impressive feats they have achieved. Why Is MIT So Prestigious? Given MIT’s reputation as one of the most prestigious schools in the country, it’s no surprise that the institution counts so many celebrities and famous names amongst their list of alumni. Much of what makes MIT special is the university’s unparalleled commitment to academic excellence. The grades and test scores that students need to be competitive in MIT’s admissions process are exceptionally high. In fact, in recent years the middle 50% score range for applicants admitted to MIT was a 790-800 in the Math section of the SAT, a 730-780 for the Evidence-Based Reading section of the SAT, and a 35-36 for the ACT. MIT’s acceptance rate is comparable or lower than most Ivy League institutions, with its most recent admissions rate dropping below 4%. MIT Notable Alumni: 10 of the Most Successful MIT Graduates As one of the most academically rigorous and prestigious schools in the country, it’s easy to understand why so many notable scientists, entrepreneurs, and visionaries chose MIT as the college they wished to attend. Many MIT alumni are known for the rigorous STEM programs they completed, but there is a wide array of MIT majors to choose from. While it’s challenging to choose just a handful of MIT’s successful alumni to spotlight, here are a few names that stand out for their achievements in their professional fields: 1. Buzz Aldrin Buzz Aldrin is a former astronaut, engineer, and fighter pilot. He made three spacewalks as pilot of the 1966 Gemini 12 mission, and he was one of the first two people to land on the moon in 1969. After graduating from the United States Military Academy at West Point with a degree in Mechanical Engineering, Aldrin went on to earn a master’s degree at MIT. 2. Kofi Atta Annan Kofi Atta Annan was a Ghanian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary General of the United Nation from 1997-2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. Prior to his diplomatic work, Annan studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management in the Sloan Fellow program, earning a master’s degree in Management. 3. Payal Kadakia Payal Kadakia is the founder of the revolutionary fitness and wellness platform, ClassPass, which provides people access to the best boutique fitness classes, gyms, and wellness experiences around the world. Kadakia has been listed among Fast Company’s 100 Most Creative People and was named to Fortune’s 40 under 40 list. She holds a Bachelor’s of Science from MIT, where she majored in Operations Research. 4. Jonah Peretti After earning his Master’s degree from MIT Media Lab, Jonah Peretti went on to make a name for himself in digital media. He is the co-founder and CEO of BuzzFeed, in addition to serving as a co-founder of The Huffington Post, and developer of reblogging under the project Reblog. He also co-authored a book, Cory Arcangel: All the Small Things. 5. Shirley Ann Jackson Shirley Ann Jackson was the first woman to earn a PhD at MIT. In 1995, President Bill Clinton appointed her as chairwoman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. During her tenure, Jackson has instituted massive crackdowns on the nuclear power industry’s violations. At MIT, she graduated with a PhD in particle physics. 6. Andrea Wong Another notable MIT alumni is Andrea Wong, who served as International President for Sony Pictures and President and CEO of Lifetime Networks. She is considered one of the great masterminds behind some of America’s favorite reality shows. However, before getting her start in television, she graduated from MIT with a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering. She went on to earn an MBA at Stanford. Since then, she has produced shows like The Bachelor, Dancing with the Stars, and Extreme Makeover: Home Edition. Her shows have won multiple Emmys and Golden Globe Awards. 7. Drew Houston Just two years after Drew Houston graduated from MIT with a Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Science, he went on to co-found an online file-hosting service with Arash Ferdowski, later known as DropBox. During his time in college, he co-founded an SAT preparation company and was a member of the Phi Delta Theta Fraternity. Houston has since returned to MIT to deliver the 2013 Commencement Speaker speech at his alma mater. 8. Richard Feynman Not all of the most notable MIT alumni names are recent graduates. After completing his studies at MIT in 1939, Richard Feynman went on to become a Nobel Prize-winning theoretical physicist, known for his work in quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, and more. However, he was best known for his work on the Manhattan Project during World War II, when he helped create the first atomic bomb. During his time at MIT, Feyman originally studied mathematics before switching to electrical engineering, claiming mathematics was “too abstract”. 9. Ivan Getting Like many notable MIT alumni, Ivan Getting is credited with creating something that many people rely on today: GPS navigation systems. He was a brilliant physicist and electrical engineer who graduated from MIT with a Bachelors of Science in 1933. He then went on to develop a system that allowed anti-aircraft guns to destroy German flying bombs during World War II. Most famously, he is credited with the development of the Global Positioning System, commonly known as the abbreviated GPS. 10. Illene S. Gordon Last but certainly not least, Illene S. Gordon is a powerful female entrepreneur credited with founding Ingredion, an ingredient provider specializing in starches. She earned her Bachelor’s of Science in Mathematics as well as her Master’s of Science degree from MIT. While earning her bachelor’s, she wanted to become a math teacher, but she was inspired by other female students in her class to change course and pursue her master’s. She was named in Fortune Magazine’s list of 50 Most Powerful Women in 2015.
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]	2005-09-15T06:16:51+00:00		en	/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah_University_of_Science_and_Technology	Public university in Ghana Not to be confused with Kwame Nkrumah University. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), commonly known as UST, Tech or Kwame Tech, is a public university located in Kumasi, Ashanti region, Ghana. The university focuses on science and technology.[5] It is the second public university established in the country, as well as the largest university in the Ashanti Region of Ghana.[6] KNUST has its roots in the plans of Agyeman Prempeh I, a ruler of the Ashanti Kingdom, to establish a university in Kumasi as part of his drive towards modernization of his Ashanti kingdom.[7] This plan never came to fruition due to the clash between British empire expansion and the desire of King Prempeh I to preserve his Ashanti kingdom's independence.[7] However, his younger brother and successor, King Asantehene Agyeman Prempeh II, upon ascending to the Golden Stool in the year 1935, continued with this vision.[7] Events in the Gold Coast in the 1940s played into his hands. First, there was the establishment of the University College of the Gold Coast.[8] Secondly, there were the 1948 Accra riots and the consequent Watson Commission report, which recommended that a university of sciences be established in Kumasi.[9] Thus, in 1949, the dream of the Prempehs became a reality when building started on what was to be called the Kumasi College of Technology.[10] The Kumasi College of Technology offered admission to its first students to the engineering faculty in 1951 (however, those students started academic work in 1952), and an Act of Parliament gave the university its legal basis as the Kumasi College of Technology in 1952.[11] The nucleus of the college was formed from 200 teacher training students transferred from Achimota College in the Greater Accra Region. The college was affiliated to the University of London. In 1961, the college was granted full university status.[12] The university covers a total land area of 2,512.96 acres (1,016.96 ha).[13] The main campus which is about seven square miles in area, is about eight miles (13 km) to the east of Kumasi, the Ashanti Regional capital.[14] History [edit] Early history [edit] The Kumasi College of Technology opened officially on 22 January 1952 with 200 teacher training students transferred from Achimota, to form the nucleus of the new college.[15] In October 1952, the School of Engineering and the Department of Commerce were established and the first students were admitted. A Pharmacy Department was established in January 1953, with the transfer of the former School of Pharmacy from Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, to the college.[16] The department ran a two-year comprehensive course in Pharmacy leading to the award of the Pharmacy Board Certificate.[17] A Department of Agriculture was opened in the same year to provide ad hoc courses of varying duration, from a few terms to three years, for the Ministry of Agriculture. A Department of General Studies was instituted to prepare students for the Higher School Certificate Examinations in Science and Arts subjects and to give instruction in subjects as requested by the other departments.[18] From 1952 to 1955, the School of Engineering[19] prepared students for professional qualifications only. In 1955, the school embarked on courses leading to the University of London Bachelor of Engineering External Degree Examinations.[20] In 1957, the School of Architecture, Town Planning and Building was inaugurated. Its first students were admitted in January 1958, for professional course.[21] As the college expanded, it was decided to make the Kumasi College of Technology a purely science and technology institution.[21] In pursuit of this policy, the Teacher Training College, with the exception of the Art School, was transferred in January 1958, to the Winneba Training College; in 1959 the Commerce Department was transferred to Achimota to form the nucleus of the present School of Administration of the University of Ghana, Legon.[20][22] In December 1960, the Government of Ghana appointed a University Commission to advise it on the development of university education, in connection with the proposal to transform the University College of Ghana and the Kumasi College of Technology into an independent University of Ghana.[23] Following the report of the commission which came out early 1961, the government decided to establish two independent universities in Kumasi and Legon, Accra.[24] The Kumasi College of Technology was thus transformed, under the supervision of R. P. Baffour,[25] into a full-fledged university, and named Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology by an Act of Parliament on 22 August 1961. The name honours Kwame Nkrumah, the first prime minister and later president of Ghana.[6] In January 1966, Marr Grounds, an American/Australian artist then living in California, took up an appointment as lecturer in architecture for two years, before moving to the University of Sydney School of Architecture, Design and Planning in 1968.[26] The name was changed to University of Science and Technology after the coup of 24 February 1966. The University of Science and Technology was officially inaugurated on Wednesday, 20 November 1961. However, another act of Parliament (Act 559 of 1998) changed the name back to its original version, the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi.[27] Campuses [edit] Kumasi Campus [edit] The Kumasi campus is the main campus of the university. It is about seven square miles in area and about eight miles (13 km) to the east of Kumasi. It houses the Central Administration and other important facilities.[28] Obuasi Campus [edit] The Obuasi campus was officially commissioned on 4 November 2020 despite it inception in the year 2019. It runs 15 undergraduate programmes, which include seven Engineering programmes, four Business Administration programmes, three Allied Health Sciences programmes and one Science programme.[29][30] Organization and administration [edit] Principal officers [edit] The principal officers of the university are the chancellor, chairman of the University Council and vice-chancellor. As of 2018, the position of chancellor was held by the Asantehene Otumfuo Osei Tutu II.[31] Governing body [edit] Governance is carried out by the University Council, primarily through the Academic Board, which is responsible for:[32] formulating and carrying out the academic policy of the university[33][34] devising and regulating the courses of instruction and study, and supervising research[35] regulating the conduct of examinations and the award of degrees, diplomas and certificates[36] advising the University Council on the admission of students and the award of scholarships[37] reporting on such matters as may be referred to it by the University Council[38] Student participation in university administration [edit] Students through the KNUST Students' Representative Council (KNUST SRC) participate in the administration of the university through their representatives serving on the University Council, Academic Board, the Welfare Services Board, Faculty and Departmental Boards, Residence Committee, Library Committee and on the Hall Councils.[39][40] The council operates with a budget that is primarily dispensed to student organizations, but it also funds social events and student initiatives. As the sole representative student government, the KNUST SRC provides student services like most student unions and also performs advocacy on behalf of the student body.[41][42] Collegiate system [edit] KNUST has, since January 2005, transformed from its previous centralized system of administration into a decentralized collegiate university. Under this system, the faculties have been condensed into six colleges.[43] The university had been administered on the faculty-based system. This led to administrative difficulties as new faculties and institutes were created to meet the ever-growing academic pursuits of students. To solve this problem, a collegiate system was officially adopted on 29 November 2004. On 5 April 2005, the pioneering provosts were inducted and invested into office at the Great Hall of the KNUST.[44] The colleges are semi-autonomous, which means that they are given the power to largely run on their own without much dependence on the central administration for financial support. A college registrar, finance officer and librarian assist the provosts. Under them are the faculties, centres and institutes, headed by deans and directors. As heads of the colleges, the provosts provide academic and administrative leadership for the colleges and oversee their overall running.[45] Housing and accommodation [edit] There are numerous KNUST approved hostels, mostly in close proximity to the main campus. Students of all financial backgrounds have their accommodation needs catered for.[46] There are six halls of residence at the Kumasi campus, each administered by a hall council consisting of senior and junior members. There are few hostels on campus like the GUSSS hostels, Brunei, and Tek credit hostel. The executive head is the hall master, who is assisted by a senior tutor. There is a hall bursar and other supporting staff.[47] Halls of residence [edit] University Hall (Katanga)[6] Unity Hall (Conti)[6] Independence Hall[6][48] Queens Hall[49][6] Republic Hall[6] Africa Hall[24][48][50] Hostels [edit] About 60% of the student population is non-resident. There are private hostels around the campus and in Kumasi for students who, as a result of the limited facilities/rooms, could not be admitted as resident students.[51] There are facilities on campus where non-resident students can rest between lectures and study before they leave for their homes and hostels.[52] In January 2014, the top floor of the Crystal Rose Hostel[53] caught fire while most students were on vacation. The cause of the fire is still not known.[54] International students [edit] There is a large multinational international community at KNUST as a result of the high standards of education. There is an international student association that sees to the interests of foreign students such as accommodation, orientation and campus tours.[55] Academics [edit] Since the 2010/11 academic year, some of the colleges operate a two-tier system, while others maintain their three-tier system. College of Agriculture and Natural Resources CANR [edit] Faculty of Agriculture Department of Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness and Extension[56] Department of Animal Sciences[57] Department of Crop and Soil Sciences[58] Department of Horticulture[59] Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources Department of Agroforestry[citation needed] Department of Fisheries and Watershed Management Department of Silviculture and Forest Management Department of Wildlife and Range Management Department of Wood Science and Technology Faculty of Forest Resources Technology Department of Ecotourism and Forest Recreation Department of Land Reclamation and Rehabilitation Department of Social Forestry Department of Wood Processing and Marketing College of Health Sciences [edit] Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Department of Medical Diagnostics Department of Medical Imaging Department of Physiotherapy and Sports Science Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department of Pharmacology Department of Pharmacognosy Department of Pharmacy Practice Department of Pharmaceutics Department of Herbal Medicine School of Dentistry School of Medical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine School of Nursing and Midwifery College of Humanities and Social Sciences [edit] Faculty of Law[60] Faculty of Social Sciences Department of Economics Department of English Department of Geography and Rural Development Department of History and Political Studies Department of Modern Languages currently called the department of Language and Communication Sciences. Department of Religious Studies Department of Sociology and Social Work School of Business[61] Colleges under the two-tier system (Provost/Head of Department): College of Art and Built Environment [edit] The College of Art and Built Environment formerly known as College of Architecture and Planning came into existence in January 2005 as part of the restructuring of the University into a Collegiate System. In the restructuring, the Faculty of Environmental and Development studies (FEDS) and the Institute of Land Management and Development (ILMAD) were merged to form the College. FEDS comprised three teaching departments: Department of Architecture, department of Building Technology and Department of Housing and Planning Research. ILMAD comprised two departments, Department of Land Economy and the Land Resources Centre. The college currently comprises two faculties, ten teaching departments and one research institute: Department of Communication Design Department of General Art Studies Department of Painting and Sculpture Department of Integrated Rural Art/Industry Department of Industrial Art Department of Educational Innovations in Science and Technology Department of Publishing Studies Department of Architecture Department of Building Technology Department of Land Economy Department of Planning Centre for Settlements Studies Centre for Land Studies College of Engineering [edit] Department of Agricultural Engineering Department of Aerospace Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Department of Civil Engineering Department of Computer Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering/Electronic Engineering & Telecommunication Engineering Department of Geological Engineering Department of Geodetic Engineering Department of Geomatic Engineering Department of Materials Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Department of Petroleum Engineering College of Science[62] [edit] Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department of Chemistry Department of Computer Science Department of Environmental Science Department of Food Science and Technology Department of Mathematics[63] Department of Optometry and Visual Science Department of Physics Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences Department of Meteorology and Climate Science Institute of Distance Learning [edit] In the year 2005, KNUST adopted Distance Learning as a viable complement to the conventional face-to-face system of education. This decision was made to offer opportunity for people to pursue academic programmes with the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, while still on full-time employment.[45][64] In October 2007, the Academic Board changed the status of the Faculty of Distance Learning to the Institute of Distance Learning.[45] Library and digital resources [edit] The KNUST Library provides information in electronic and print formats to staff and students mainly to support teaching, learning and research in science and technology for national development. It is a depository library for all materials published in Ghana and for international institutions and organisations like the World Bank and other United Nations Agencies.[65] Digital services are available through the Open Educational Resource (OER) as well as the DSpace repository.[66] The Open educational resources (OER)[67] component of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology fosters collaboration on curricula, course materials, and content; generates connections between disciplines, teachers, and learners; and inspires use of educational materials in a more effective way.[68] KNUST Online Repository[69] is the university's digital repository. Data for the repository is still being added. Affiliated institutions [edit] Accra Institute of Technology Akim State University College[70] All Nations University College Central University College Kaaf University College DataLink University College(DLUC) Garden City University College Ghana Telecom University College Ho Polytechnic Osei Tutu II Institute for Advanced ICT Studies Regent University College Spiritan Institute / Spiritan University College[71][72] In December 2019, an agreement was signed between the Gambian government and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology to set up Science, Technology and Engineering University in The Gambia. In the accord, the administrative and teaching faculties will be set up, coached by and affiliated to KNUST.[73] Research centres [edit] Bureau of Integrated Research and Development Centre for Biodiversity Utilisation and Development (CBUD) Centre for Cultural and African Studies Centre for Human Studies Dairy/Beef Research Station The Brew-Hammond Energy Centre, College Of Engineering[74] Kumasi Center For Collaborative Research(KCCR) in collaboration with the German Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine[75] National Institute for Mathematical Sciences (NIMS) Technology Consultancy Centre (TCC) Laboratory For Interdisciplinary Statistical Analysis (LISA) Media [edit] Radio [edit] Focus FM (94.3 FM) is the university's official radio station. Among its notable programmes are Morning Show, Drive Time, Teknokrat and Community Watch.[76] About Focus FM [edit] Focus FM is a network radio positioned on campus of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi. It was established in the year 2000 A.D. The stakeholders are the UNIVERSITY, Student Representative Counsel and the Graduate Student Association of Ghana. The center targets for the status quo of the station is to inform, teach and entertain the whole college network and the encompassing communities. The important supply of investment is from students’ contribution into Focus FM improvement account.[77][78] How Focus FM Is Defined [edit] Focus FM is focused not only to participate in the activities of the community, but in addition to allow the university to take part in the life of the station. This is why it is differentiated from other commercial and state radio – neither of which is seeks public participation, except when it suits them to do so. Focus FM offers democratic access to the activity of programme making itself rather than being communicated at, people are offered the opportunity to communicate themselves. Finance [edit] Focus FM is a not-for-profit station. It secures its income from; Focus FM Development Fund, a form of commercial Sponsorship focused at serving the community, and a range of community / listener supported fundraisers. Ghanaian Journalists Who Trained At Focus FM [edit] Nana Kwadwo Jantuah Edward Oppong Marfo Kwame Adinkra Kojo Akoto Boateng Louis Kwame Sakyiamah (Lexis Bill) Anita Kuma Kojo Akoto Boateng Television [edit] TEK TV is the official television station of the university.[79] Awards and recognition [edit] In November 2019, KNUST was ranked as the best university in Ghana and West Africa by U.S. News & World Report and still holds the record in 2020.[80] It was also ranked 14th in Africa and 706th in the world, with a global score of 42.4.[81] KNUST was the first university in West Africa to have won the 2018, 2019 and 2020 Pan African Universities Debate Championship consecutively.[82][83] KNUST is the first university in Ghana to win the Ghana national rounds of the Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition.[84] The university has also won the Philip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition a record three consecutive times.[85][86] In December 2020 KNUST became the first university in Africa to have won the Pan African Universities Debating Championship for 3 consecutive times.[87][88] Notable people [edit] Notable alumni [edit] UN Secretary-General and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Kofi Annan had a part of his education at KNUST Kwaku Aning and Hackman Owusu-Agyeman are other diplomats who graduated from KNUST Aliu Mahama Vice-president of Ghana from 2001 to 2008, studied at KNUST Edward Kwame Wiredu, former Chief Justice of Ghana, was also a student at KNUST Nana Konadu Agyeman Rawlings, former first lady of Ghana, is an alumna Samira Bawumia, current second lady of Ghana, also is an alumna Thomas Mensah, former CEO of GNPC and chemical engineer graduated from KNUST College of Engineering Alex Mould, CEO of Ghana Gas Benjamin Asante Charles Darku, former CEO of Tullow Ghana Limited Amma Darko, the novelist attended KNUST Chris Attoh, actor attended KNUST Nana Otuo Siriboe, the Juabenhene who is also Chairman of Council of State Ernest Aryeetey, economist and former Vice Chancellor of the University of Ghana graduated from the institution Yaw Osafo-Maafo, Senior Minister graduated from the institution Pamela Mbabazi, Chairperson of the Uganda Planning Authority was also a student at KNUST. Notable academics [edit] Francis Allotey, mathematician Aba Andam, physicist Ablade Glover, artist Marr Grounds, American / Australian artist and lecturer in architecture in 1966–7[26] Thomas Mensah, chemical engineer Letitia Obeng, research scientist Maxwell Arhin, physical geographer and researcher Student Leadership [edit] Student Representative Council. [edit] Yvonne Osei Adobea emerged victorious in the SRC presidential elections at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) on 26 July 2023. This historic win marked the first time a female had assumed leadership of the Student's Representative Council at KNUST in its 71-year history.[89] College associations. [edit] Students in KNUST are represented in at various management levels. Apart from the Student Representative Council which is the ultimate student representative body, there are other bodies at each college in KNUST. The College of Science is represented by the Science Students' Association. The College of Engineering is represented by Ghana Association of Engineering Students. Recognitions and awards [edit] On 1 June 2023, the 2023 Times Higher Education Impact Rankings revealed that KNUST had been honoured as the top university globally for delivering quality education (SDG 4).[90] References [edit]
7734	dbpedia	1	50	https://leadersaround.wordpress.com/2017/01/12/the-legend-kofi-annan-part-1/	en	THE LEGEND- KOFI ANNAN (PART 1)	https://leadersaround.wo…2012_cropped.jpg	https://leadersaround.wo…2012_cropped.jpg	[ "https://leadersaround.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/220px-kofi_annan_2012_cropped1.jpg?w=736", "https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/95eef8fe9554f4fc0fb6dacc90f41406b31e95bb5528028de0803b4f6c94584d?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png", "https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/95eef8fe9554f4fc0fb6dacc90f41406b31e95bb5528028de0803b4f6c94584d?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png", "https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2017-01-12T00:00:00	Kofi Atta Annan (born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize . He is the founder and chairman of the Kofi…	en	https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/95eef8fe9554f4fc0fb6dacc90f41406b31e95bb5528028de0803b4f6c94584d?s=32	Great Leaders in Africa and beyond	https://leadersaround.wordpress.com/2017/01/12/the-legend-kofi-annan-part-1/	Kofi Atta Annan (born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize . He is the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders , an international organization founded by Nelson Mandela. Born in Kumasi, Annan went on to study economics at Macalester College, international relations from the Graduate Institute Geneva and management at MIT . Annan joined the UN in 1962, working for the World Health Organization’s Geneva office. He went on to work in several capacities at the UN Headquarters including serving as the Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping between March 1992 and December 1996. He was appointed as the Secretary-General on 13 December 1996 by the Security Council , and later confirmed by the General Assembly , making him the first office holder to be elected from the UN staff itself. He was re-elected for a second term in 2001, and was succeeded as Secretary-General by Ban Ki-moon on 1 January 2007. As the Secretary-General, Annan reformed the UN bureaucracy; worked to combat HIV , especially in Africa ; and launched the UN Global Compact Early years and education Kofi Annan was born in the Kofandros section of Kumasi in the Gold Coast (now Ghana) on 8 April 1938. His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shared the middle name Atta , which in the Akan means ‘twin’. Annan and his sister were born into one of the country’s Ashanti and Fante aristocratic families; both of their grandfathers and their uncle were tribal chiefs . From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim school, a Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan has said that the school taught him “that suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere”. In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, the Gold Coast gained independence from Britain and began using the name “Ghana”. In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana . He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies in economics at Macalester College in St. Paul , Minnesota , United States, in 1961, Annan is fluent in English, French, Akan, some Kru languages and other African languages. Appointment On 13 December 1996, the UN Security Council recommended Annan to replace the previous Secretary-General, Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt , whose second term faced the veto of the United States. Confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly, he started his first term as Secretary-General on 1 January 1997. He was reelected for a second term in 2001, which was unusual since this meant a third term for Africa. The Asian states did not protest, although it should have been their turn, because Annan was so popular among the UN member states and UN staff. On 31 January 2006, Kofi Annan outlined his vision for a comprehensive and extensive reform of the UN in a policy speech to the United Nations Association UK . The speech, delivered at Central Hall , Westminster , also marked the 60th Anniversary of the first meetings of the General Assembly and Security Council. 7 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his proposals for a fundamental overhaul of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is entitled Investing in the United Nations, For a Stronger Organization Worldwide . In March 2000, Annan appointed the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations to assess the shortcomings of the then existing system and to make specific and realistic recommendations for change. The panel was composed of individuals experienced in conflict prevention, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. The report it produced, which became known as the Brahimi Report, after Chair of the Panel Lakhdar Brahimi, called for: 1. renewed political commitment on the part of Member States; 2. significant institutional change; 3. increased financial support. Establishment of The Global Fund Towards the end of the 1990s, increased awareness of the destructive potential of epidemics such as HIV/AIDS pushed public health issues to the top of the global development agenda. In April 2001, Annan issued a five-point “Call to Action” to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Stating it was a “personal priority”, Annan proposed the establishment of a Global AIDS and Health Fund , “dedicated to the battle against HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases” [36] to stimulate the increased international spending needed to help developing countries confront the HIV/AIDS crisis. In June of that year, the General Assembly of the United Nations committed to the creation of such a fund during a special session on AIDS, and the permanent secretariat of the Global Fund was subsequently established in June 2002. Farewell addresses On 19 September 2006, Annan gave a farewell address to world leaders gathered at the UN headquarters in New York, in anticipation of his retirement on 31 December. In the speech he outlined three major problems of “an unjust world economy, world disorder, and widespread contempt for human rights and the rule of law”, which he believes “have not resolved, but sharpened” during his time as Secretary-General. He also pointed to violence in Africa, and the Arab-Israeli conflict as two major issues warranting attention. Kofi Annan Foundation In 2007, Kofi Annan established the Kofi Annan Foundation, an independent, not-for profit organization which works to promote better global governance and strengthen the capacities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more peaceful world. The story still continues #GLteaM # Agbasah E.Elizabeth. #Robert Nana Obiri Okyere #Bernard Aboagye #Esther Nkansah #NAna Yaa
7734	dbpedia	1	27	https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/wp/k/Kofi_Annan.htm	en	Kofi Annan			[ "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/checked-content.png", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/images/1709/170907.jpg", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/images/1709/170908.jpg", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/images/1709/170912.jpg", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/images/1x1white.gif", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/images/1709/170916.jpg", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/images/1x1white.gif", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/schools-wikipedia-logo.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "SOS Children" ]	null	An article about Kofi Annan hand selected for the Wikipedia for Schools by SOS Children	en			http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/k/Kofi_Annan.htm	Kofi Atta Annan (pron.: / ˈ k oʊ f i ˈ æ n ə n /; born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations, from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2006. Annan and the United Nations were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize for his founding of the Global AIDS and Health Fund to support developing countries in their struggle to care for their people. From 23 February until 31 August 2012, Annan was the UN–Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria, to help find a resolution to ongoing conflict there. Annan quit after becoming frustrated with the UN's lack of progress with regard to conflict resolution, stating that "when the Syrian people desperately need action, there continues to be finger-pointing and name-calling in the Security Council." Early years and education Kofi Annan was born in Kumasi in the Gold Coast on 8 April 1938. His twin sister Efua Ataa, who died in 1991, shares the middle name Atta, which in Fante and Akan means 'twin'. Annan and his sister were born into one of the country's aristocratic families; both their grandfathers and their uncle were tribal chiefs. In the Akan names tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week on which they were born, and/or in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday. Pronunciation: Annan has said his surname rhymes with "cannon" in English. From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim school, a Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan has said that the school taught him "that suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere". In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, the Gold Coast gained independence from Britain and began using the name "Ghana". In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, in 1961. Annan then did a DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961–62. After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a Master of Science (M.S.) degree. Annan is fluent in English, French, Akan, some Kru languages and other African languages. Early career In 1962, Kofi Annan started working as a Budget Officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN). From 1974 to 1976, he worked as the Director of Tourism in Ghana. In the late 1980s, Annan returned to work for the UN, where he was appointed as an Assistant Secretary-General in three consecutive positions: Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator (1987–1990); Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller (1990–1992); and Peacekeeping Operations (March 1993 – December 1996). The Rwandan Genocide took place in 1994 while Annan directed UN Peacekeeping Operations. In 2003 Canadian ex-General Roméo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide. In his book Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003), General Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict, and from providing more logistical and material support. Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to provide responses to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository; such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis. In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said, "I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support." Annan served as Under-Secretary-General from March 1994 to October 1995. He was appointed a Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving for five months before returning to his duties as Under-Secretary-General in April 1996. Secretary-General of the United Nations Appointment On 13 December 1996, the United Nations Security Council recommended Annan to replace the previous Secretary-General, Dr. Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt, whose second term faced the veto of the United States. Confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly, he started his first term as Secretary-General on 1 January 1997. Activities In April 2001, Annan issued a five-point "Call to Action" to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Stating it was a "personal priority", Annan proposed a Global AIDS and Health Fund to stimulate the increased international spending needed to help developing countries confront the HIV/AIDS crisis. On 10 December 2001, Annan and the United Nations were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world". In the years after 1998 when UNSCOM was kicked out by the government of Saddam Hussein and during the Iraq disarmament crisis, in which the United States blamed UNSCOM and former IAEA director Hans Blix for failing to properly disarm Iraq, Scott Ritter the former UNSCOM chief weapons inspector, blamed Annan for being slow and ineffective in enforcing Security Council resolutions on Iraq and was overtly submissive to the demands of the Clinton administration for regime removal and inspection of sites, often Presidential palaces, that were not mandated in any resolution and were of questionable intelligence value, which severely hampered UNSCOM's ability to cooperate with the Iraqi government and contributed to their expulsion from the country. Ritter also claimed that Annan regularly interfered with the work of the inspectors and diluted the chain of command by trying to micromanage all of the activities of UNSCOM, which caused intelligence processing (and the resulting inspections) to be backed up and caused confusion with the Iraqis as to who was in charge and as a result, they generally refused to take orders from Ritter or Rolf Ekéus without explicit approval from Annan, which could have taken days, if not weeks. He later believed that Annan was oblivious to the fact the Iraqis took advantage of this in order to delay inspections. He claimed that on one occasion, Annan refused to implement a no-notice inspection of the SSO headquarters and instead tried to negotiate access, but the negotiation ended up taking nearly six weeks, giving the Iraqis more than enough time to clean out the site. During the build-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Annan called on the United States and the United Kingdom not to invade without the support of the United Nations. In a September 2004 interview on the BBC, when questioned about the legal authority for the invasion, Annan said he believed it was not in conformity with the UN charter and was illegal. Annan and Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad disagreed sharply on Iran's nuclear program, on an Iranian exhibition of cartoons mocking the Holocaust, and on the then upcoming International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust, an Iranian Holocaust denial conference in 2006. During a visit to Iran instigated by continued Iranian uranium enrichment, Annan said "I think the tragedy of the Holocaust is an undeniable historical fact and we should really accept that fact and teach people what happened in World War II and ensure it is never repeated." Annan supported sending a UN peacekeeping mission to Darfur, Sudan. He worked with the government of Sudan to accept a transfer of power from the African Union peacekeeping mission to a UN one. Annan also worked with several Arab and Muslim countries on women's rights and other topics. Beginning in 1998, Annan convened an annual UN "Security Council Retreat" with the 15 States' representatives of the Council. It was held at the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF) Conference Centre at the Rockefeller family estate at Pocantico, and was sponsored by both the RBF and the UN. Lubbers sexual-harassment investigation In June 2004, Annan was given a copy of the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) report on the complaint brought by four women workers against Ruud Lubbers, UN High Commissioner for Refugees for sexual harassment, abuse of authority, and retaliation. The report also reviewed a long-serving staff member's allegations of sexual harassment and misconduct against Werner Blatter, Director of UNHCR Personnel. The investigation found Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment; no mention was made publicly of the other charge against a senior official, or two subsequent complaints filed later that year. In the course of the official investigation, Lubbers wrote a letter which some considered was a threat to the female worker who had brought the charges. On 15 July 2004, Annan cleared Lubbers of the accusations, saying they were not substantial enough legally. His decision held until November 2004. When the OIOS issued its annual report to the UN General Assembly, it stated that it had found Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment. These events were widely reported and weakened Annan's influence. On 17 November 2004, Annan accepted an OIOS report clearing Dileep Nair, UN Under-Secretary-General for Internal Oversight Services, of political corruption and sexual harassment charges. Some UN staff in New York disagreed with this conclusion, leading to extended debate on 19 November. The internal UNn-OIOS report on Lubbers was leaked, and sections accompanied by an article by Kate Holt were published in a British newspaper. In February 2005, he resigned as head of the UN refugee agency. Lubbers said he wanted to relieve political pressure on Annan. Oil-for-Food scandal In December 2004, reports surfaced that the Secretary-General's son Kojo Annan received payments from the Swiss company Cotecna Inspection SA, which had won a lucrative contract under the UN Oil-for-Food Program. Kofi Annan called for an investigation to look into the allegations. Annan appointed the Independent Inquiry Committee, which was led by former US Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker, then the director of the United Nations Association of the US. In his first interview with the Inquiry Committee, Annan denied having had a meeting with Cotecna. Later in the inquiry, he recalled that he had met with Cotecna's chief executive Elie-Georges Massey twice. In a final report issued on 27 October, the committee found insufficient evidence to indict Kofi Annan on any illegal actions, but did find fault with Benan Sevan, a Cypriot national who had worked for the UN for about 40 years. Appointed by Annan to the Oil-For-Food role, Sevan repeatedly asked Iraqis for allocations of oil to the African Middle East Petroleum Company. Sevan's behaviour was "ethically improper", Volcker said to reporters. Sevan repeatedly denied the charges and argued that he was being made a "scapegoat". The Volcker report was highly critical of the UN management structure and the Security Council oversight. It strongly recommended a new position be established of Chief Operating Officer (COO), to handle the fiscal and administrative responsibilities than under the Secretary General's office. The report listed the companies, both Western and Middle Eastern, that benefited illegally from the program. Relations between the United States and the United Nations Kofi Annan supported his deputy Secretary-General Mark Malloch Brown, who openly criticized the United States in a speech on 6 June 2006: "[T]he prevailing practice of seeking to use the UN almost by stealth as a diplomatic tool while failing to stand up for it against its domestic critics is simply not sustainable. You will lose the UN one way or another. [...] [That] the US is constructively engaged with the UN [...] is not well known or understood, in part because much of the public discourse that reaches the US heartland has been largely abandoned to its loudest detractors such as Rush Limbaugh and Fox News." Malloch later said his talk was a "sincere and constructive critique of U.S. policy toward the U.N. by a friend and admirer." The talk was unusual because it violated unofficial policy of not having top officials publicly criticize member nations. The interim U.S. ambassador John R. Bolton, appointed by President George W. Bush, was reported to have told Annan on the phone: "I've known you since 1989 and I'm telling you this is the worst mistake by a senior UN official that I have seen in that entire time." Observers from other nations supported Malloch's view that conservative politicians in the US prevented many citizens from understanding the benefits of US involvement in the UN. UN Resolution 61/225: World Diabetes Day Kofi Annan witnessed the United Nations General Assembly's passage of UN Resolution 61/225, to establish World Diabetes Day. The Resolution was the second UN General Assembly Resolution on a health-related issue (the other being HIV/AIDS). Resolution 61/225 is the only Health-related UN Resolution to pass by consensus. Sponsored by the Republic of South Africa and Bangladesh, the Resolution was passed on 20 December 2006. Farewell addresses On 19 September 2006, Annan gave a farewell address to world leaders gathered at the UN headquarters in New York, in anticipation of his retirement on 31 December. In the speech he outlined three major problems of "an unjust world economy, world disorder, and widespread contempt for human rights and the rule of law", which he believes "have not resolved, but sharpened" during his time as Secretary-General. He also pointed to violence in Africa, and the Arab-Israeli conflict as two major issues warranting attention. On 11 December 2006, in his final speech as Secretary-General, delivered at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library in Independence, Missouri, Annan recalled Truman's leadership in the founding of the United Nations. He called for the United States to return to President Truman's multilateralist foreign policies, and to follow Truman's credo that "the responsibility of the great states is to serve and not dominate the peoples of the world". He also said that the United States must maintain its commitment to human rights, "including in the struggle against terrorism." Recommendations for UN reform Soon after taking office in 1997, Annan released two reports on management reform. On 17 March 1997, the report ‘Management and Organisational Measures’ (A/51/829) introduced new management mechanisms through the establishment of a cabinet-style body to assist him and be grouping the UN’s activities in accordance with four core missions. A comprehensive reform agenda was issued on 14 July 1997 entitled ‘Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform’ (A/51/950). Key proposals included the introduction of strategic management to strengthen unity of purpose, the establishment of the position of Deputy Secretary-General, a 10-percent reduction in posts, a reduction in administrative costs, the consolidation of the UN at the country level, and reaching out to civil society and the private sector as partners. Annan also proposed to hold a Millennium Summit in 2000. After years of research, Annan presented a progress report, In Larger Freedom, to the UN General Assembly, on 21 March 2005. Annan recommended Security Council expansion and a host of other UN reforms. On 31 January 2006, Kofi Annan outlined his vision for a comprehensive and extensive reform of the UN in a policy speech to the United Nations Association UK. The speech, delivered at Central Hall, Westminster, also marked the 60th Anniversary of the first meetings of the UN General Assembly and UN Security Council. On 7 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his proposals for a fundamental overhaul of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is entitled: "Investing in the United Nations, For a Stronger Organization Worldwide". On 30 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his analysis and recommendations for updating the entire work programme of the United Nations Secretariat over the last 60 years. The report is entitled: "Mandating and Delivering: Analysis and Recommendations to Facilitate the Review of Mandates". Regarding the UN Human Rights Council, Annan has said "declining credibility" had "cast a shadow on the reputation of the United Nations system. Unless we re-make our human rights machinery, we may be unable to renew public confidence in the United Nations itself." However, he does believe that, despite its flaws, the council can do good. Post-UN career Upon his return to Ghana, Annan was immediately suggested as a candidate to become the country's next President. He has become involved with several organizations with both global and African focuses. In 2007, Annan was named chairman of the prize committee for the Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, was chosen to lead the new formation of Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), was appointed president of the Global Humanitarian Forum in Geneva, and was selected for the MacArthur Foundation Award for International Justice. Annan is a member of The Elders, a group of independent global leaders who work together on peace and human rights issues. In November 2008, Annan and fellow Elders Jimmy Carter and Graça Machel attempted to travel to Zimbabwe to make a first-hand assessment of the humanitarian situation in the country. Refused entry, the Elders instead carried out their assessment from Johannesburg, where they met Zimbabwe- and South Africa-based leaders from politics, business, international organisations and civil society. In May 2011, following months of political violence in Côte d’Ivoire, Annan travelled to the country with Elders Desmond Tutu and Mary Robinson to encourage national reconciliation. In the beginning of 2008, as head of the Panel of Eminent African Personalities, Annan participated in the negotiations to end the civil unrest in Kenya. He threatened to leave the negotiations as mediator if a quick decision was not made. On 26 February 2008 he suspended talks to end Kenya's violent post-election crisis. On 28 February, Annan managed to have President Mwai Kibaki and Raila Odinga sign a coalition government agreement and was widely lauded by many Kenyans for this landmark achievement. That was the best deal achieved then under the mediation efforts. Annan is a member of the Club of Madrid. Annan currently serves on the board of directors of the United Nations Foundation, a public charity created in 1998 with entrepreneur and philanthropist Ted Turner's historic $1 billion USD gift to support UN causes. The UN Foundation builds and implements public-private partnerships to address the world's most pressing problems, and broadens support for the UN. Annan chairs the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa. Every year, the Panel releases a report, the Africa Progress Report, that outlines an issue of immediate importance to the continent and suggests a set of associated policies. In 2012, the Africa Progress Report highlighted issues of Jobs, Justice, and Equity. The 2013 report will outline issues relating to oil, gas, and mining in Africa. Kofi Annan was appointed the Chancellor of the University of Ghana in 2008. Annan has signed up to be one of the Counsellors at One Young World a non-profit organisation which hopes to bring together 1500 young global leaders of tomorrow from every country in the world. In May 2009 Columbia University announced that Annan will join a new program being launched by Dean John Coatsworth at the School of International and Public Affairs as one of the first group of Global Fellows. The Global Fellows program will bring students together with global practitioners to share firsthand knowledge of experiences in the life of an international or public figure. He is also a fellow of The Committee on Global Thought appointed by the University. On 2 September 2009, Annan was unveiled as the first Li Ka Shing Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy of the National University of Singapore (NUS). The announcement was made during the school's 5th anniversary celebrations. On 7 October 2010, Annan was appointed to the Board of Directors of the Global Center for Pluralism, Canada’s new international research and education center dedicated to the study and practice of pluralism worldwide. The Global Centre for Pluralism is an initiative of His Highness the Aga Khan in partnership with the Government of Canada. The Center is located at 330 Sussex Drive in Ottawa, Canada. Dedicated to the creation of successful societies, the Centre is founded on the premise that tolerance, openness and understanding towards the cultures, social structures, values and faiths of other peoples are essential to the very survival of an interdependent world. Pluralism is no longer simply an asset or a prerequisite for progress and development. A member of the Fondation Chirac's honour committee when former French president Jacques Chirac launched it in 2008, Kofi Annan participates as jury member for the Prize for Conflict Prevention awarded every year by this foundation. He also created the Kofi Annan Foundation dedicated to sustainable development and peace. Work in Syria On 23 February 2012, Annan was appointed as the UN-Arab League envoy to Syria, in an attempt to end the civil war taking place. He developed a six-point plan for peace: commit to work with the Envoy in an inclusive Syrian-led political process to address the legitimate aspirations and concerns of the Syrian people, and, to this end, commit to appoint an empowered interlocutor when invited to do so by the Envoy; commit to stop the fighting and achieve urgently an effective United Nations supervised cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties to protect civilians and stabilise the country. To this end, the Syrian government should immediately cease troop movements towards, and end the use of heavy weapons in, population centres, and begin pullback of military concentrations in and around population centres. As these actions are being taken on the ground, the Syrian government should work with the Envoy to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism. Similar commitments would be sought by the Envoy from the opposition and all relevant elements to stop the fighting and work with him to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism; ensure timely provision of humanitarian assistance to all areas affected by the fighting, and to this end, as immediate steps, to accept and implement a daily two hour humanitarian pause and to coordinate exact time and modalities of the daily pause through an efficient mechanism, including at local level; intensify the pace and scale of release of arbitrarily detained persons, including especially vulnerable categories of persons, and persons involved in peaceful political activities, provide without delay through appropriate channels a list of all places in which such persons are being detained, immediately begin organizing access to such locations and through appropriate channels respond promptly to all written requests for information, access or release regarding such persons; ensure freedom of movement throughout the country for journalists and a non-discriminatory visa policy for them; respect freedom of association and the right to demonstrate peacefully as legally guaranteed. On 2 August, he resigned as U.N. and Arab League joint special envoy to Syria, citing the intransigence of both the Assad government and the rebels, as well as the stalemate on the Security Council as preventing any peaceful resolution of the situation. He also stated that the lack of international unity and ineffective diplomacy among the world leaders has made the peaceful resolution in Syria an impossible task. Memoir On 4 September 2012, Annan published his memoir, Interventions: A Life in War and Peace, written with Nader Mousavizadeh, ISBN 978-159420420-3. The book is described as a personal biography of so-called global statecraft. Personal life In 1965 Kofi Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from a well-to-do family. Several years later they had a daughter Ama and later a son Kojo. The couple separated in the late seventies. In 1984 Annan remarried to Nane Lagergren - a Swedish lawyer at the U.N. and niece of Raoul Wallenberg. Honours and awards Honours 2000: Companion of the Order of the Star of Ghana 2000: Grand Cross Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland 2001: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Star of Romania 2005: Grand Collar of the Order of Liberty (Portugal) 2006: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion 2007: Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria 2007: Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) from Queen Elizabeth II (UK) 2008: Grand Cross 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Awards 2000: Kora All Africa Music Awards in the category of Lifetime Achievement 2001: Nobel Foundation, The Nobel Peace Prize, jointly presented to Kofi Annan and the United Nations 2002: winner of the " Profiles in Courage Award", given by the JFK Memorial Museum 2002: The American Whig-Cliosophic Society James Madison Award for Distinguished Public Service. 2003: Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 2003: Freedom Prize of the Max Schmidheiny Foundation at the University of St. Gallen 2006: International World Order of Culture, Science and Education, Award of the European Academy of Informatization, Belgium 2006: Inter Press Service, International Achievement Award for Annan's lasting contributions to peace, security, and development 2006: Olof Palme Prize 2007: Wooden Crossbow, special award from the Swiss World Economic Forum 2007: People in Europe Award of Verlagsgruppe Passau 2007: MacArthur Foundation, MacArthur Award for International Justice 2007: North-South Prize of the Council of Europe 2008: Peace of Westphalia Prize 2008: Harvard University Honours Prize 2008: Gottlieb Duttweiler Prize 2008: Peace of Westphalia Prize – Münster (Westfalen) 2008: Open Society Award – CEU Business School Budapest 2011: Gothenburg Award Honorary degrees
7734	dbpedia	3	86	https://businessghana.com/site/news/general/172335/Mfantsipim-Old-Boys-Association-pays-moving-farewell-to-Kofi-Annan	en	Mfantsipim Old Boys Association pays moving farewell to Kofi Annan	https://businessghana.co…ite/img/logo.png	https://businessghana.co…ite/img/logo.png	[ "https://businessghana.com/site/img/email.png", "https://businessghana.com/site/img/login.png", "https://businessghana.com/site/img/logo.png", "https://businessghana.com/site/img/login.png", "http://targetinfinity.com/as/www/delivery/avw.php?zoneid=107&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&n=ae490679", "http://targetinfinity.com/as/www/delivery/avw.php?zoneid=110&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&n=a51a09cf", "https://businessghana.com/site/img/icon_facebook.png", "https://businessghana.com/site/img/icon_twitter.png", "https://businessghana.com/site/img/icon_linkin.png", "https://businessghana.com/site/img/icon_googleplus.png", "https://businessghana.com/site/img/icon_email.png", "http://targetinfinity.com/as/www/delivery/avw.php?zoneid=39&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&n=a7f52682", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-29-145055000.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-29-14481100.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-29-141146000.png.jpeg", "http://targetinfinity.com/as/www/delivery/avw.php?zoneid=39&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&n=a7f52682", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-29-140152000.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-29-151240000.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-29-140544000.JPG.jpeg", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-29-14040000.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-29-144138000.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-29-1612420.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-29-171113000.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-29-091116000.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/webroot/img/news/thumb_2024-08-28-152903000.JPG", "https://businessghana.com/cms/img/news/2018-09-13-1428371.jpg", "https://businessghana.com/cms/img/news/2018-09-13-1537004.jpg", "https://businessghana.com/site/img/logo.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "BusinessGhana", "businessghana.com", "News", "General" ]	null	[]	null	The Mfantsipim Old Boys Association (MOBA) on Wednesday, took their turn to pay a memorial farewell honour to their departed fellow, Kofi Atta...		/site/favicon.ico	BusinessGhana	https://www.businessghana.com/	The Mfantsipim Old Boys Association (MOBA) on Wednesday, took their turn to pay a memorial farewell honour to their departed fellow, Kofi Atta Annan. It was, indeed, a touching moment at the Accra International Conference Centre, when they sang the song on their school motto, “Dwen Hwe Kan”, which inspires thoughtfulness and foresight. And with the tributes that have poured in since the passing of Ghana’s illustrious son on August 18, 2018, there is no doubt that the Seventh United Nations Secretary-General, who once sat on the floor of the School’s first black headmaster’s office to take his weekly lessons in Spoken English, literally lived out his alma mater’s motto. “He was the shining light of Africa; he has left behind millions and millions of blazing bright spots in every corner of the world,” Mr Michel Sidebe, the Executive Director of UNAIDS, has said in an article that captures it all. "An African at heart, a global citizen in truth, Kofi Annan symbolised the best of humanity. As United Nations Secretary General, his contributions to society spanned across continent and covered multiple issues. He was a rabble rouser, trouble-shooter, change-maker-all combined in one.” Thus when the Reverend W.T. Balmer, the man accredited with nurturing the School, from 1907, to give it a solid foundation and a future, declared, “I want to raise a generation of men from Mfantsipim School who will be bold enough to face the problems of their own continent practically and un-selfishly, he might have envisaged the likes on Kofi Annan. Mr Goosie Tanoh, an alumnus, told the Ghana News Agency in an interview that Kofi Annan’s passing was ‘a big loss to Ghana and the world.’ The global statesman, he said, lived an outstanding life, and expressed his resolve to emulate his values and sterling leadership qualities. Mr Annan passed away peacefully in the Swiss city of Bern, after a brief illness. He was aged 80. He was the UN Secretary-General from January 1997 to 2006, leading a number of reforms at the global body. He successfully negotiated peace deals in many countries plagued with conflicts and wars. In 2001, he was co-recipient of the Noble Peace Price with the UN. He initiated the Millennium Development Goals to minimise poverty around the world. Upon his retirement from UN, he was appointed as a special envoy to Syria and led UN Commission to negotiate for peace during the Rohingya crisis in September 2016. He was survived by a wife, Nane Maria Lagergren, and three children, Kojo, Ama and Nina.
7734	dbpedia	2	33	https://www.thankstoscandinavia.org/even-kvelland/	en	18 Thanks To Scandinavia Hebert Singer Memorial Scholar at Columbia University School of International and Political Affairs	https://www.thankstoscan…ven-Kvelland.jpg	https://www.thankstoscan…ven-Kvelland.jpg	[ "http://www.thankstoscandinavia.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/logo_tts_news_1-287x110.png", "https://www.thankstoscandinavia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Even-Kvelland-600x731.jpg", "http://www.thankstoscandinavia.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Even-Kvelland-246x300.jpg", "https://widgets.guidestar.org/gximage2?o=6943840&l=v4" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "ttsadmin" ]	2018-06-14T21:30:55+00:00	Even Kvelland is a Norwegian student pursuing his Master’s of International Affairs at Columbia focusing on the intersection of geopolitics, security, and energy. He holds a B.A. in Government from Macalester College where he was…	en		Thanks To Scandinavia	https://www.thankstoscandinavia.org/even-kvelland/	Meet Even J. Kvelland, 2017-18 Thanks To Scandinavia Hebert Singer Memorial Scholar at Columbia University School of International and Political Affairs Even Kvelland is a Norwegian student pursuing his Master’s of International Affairs at Columbia focusing on the intersection of geopolitics, security, and energy. He holds a B.A. in Government from Macalester College where he was a Kofi Annan Scholar. Even has worked as an advisor at the U.S. Embassy in Oslo heading the education and research portfolio and promoting trans-Atlantic student and research exchange. He has also worked for the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in private sector consulting, for UNDP, and spent a year in Kenya as a project manager for the Red Cross and as a researcher for NATO on East African energy markets. Can you tell us what the TTS scholarship means to you? The TTS scholarship means a great deal to me. The scholarship allowed me to pursue my dream of studying at Columbia. I visited the university a decade ago and was struck by the energy on campus. The School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) is a unique school in the sense that it is among the most diverse schools of its kind, attracting students from nearly a hundred different countries and backgrounds as diverse as engineers, lawyers, political scientists, and medical professionals. However, being a TTS scholar also has meant getting to know the history of TTS as an organization, but, perhaps more importantly, the reason behind its founding. I have appreciated learning more about the rescue of Jews in both Norway and the other Scandinavian countries. This is a significant chapter of the World War and the overall history on our countries. In Oslo I lived close to the synagogue and seeing the small Jewish community was a constant reminder about how many people never returned after the war. What started your interest in international affairs and why did you select Columbia for your American education? I have always been very interested in politics, both domestically (in Norway) and internationally. The interest partly comes from being brought up in a family that likes to discuss current affairs and has encouraged me to be cognizant of the world around me. I spent a year as a foreign exchange student in the U.S. and was fascinated by my civics’ class take on the U.S. political system. So when I came to college, selecting a major was fairly straightforward. Both Macalester College, my alma mater, and Columbia are progressive institutions that push students to explore the intellectual worlds of politics and philosophy. What further attracted me to Columbia was its unparalleled program in international affairs and energy policy where classes are taught by some of the world’s foremost energy experts. Columbia also embraces a practical approach to teaching, where professors want us to understand how the theory translates to the real world. We therefore spend a great amount of time analyzing various current events based on the frameworks learned in the classroom. What do you think is most valuable about international education? That it challenges your preexisting views. All people live in bubbles to a lesser or greater extent. That is very comfortable and part of human nature. Traveling and reading are ways to expand one’s views. However, I don’t think anything can rival the impact of studying abroad in this regard. Being a foreign exchange student in rural Wisconsin as a 17-year old challenged my views enormously. It was at times uncomfortable, but the most pivotal year of my life. Living abroad and coming back to the U.S. for both college and graduate school have further pushed me out of my comfort zone. It has allowed me to get to know people whose views and opinions are very different from mine. Tell us more about “the intersection of geopolitics, security, and energy,” and why you think it’s so important. I find this intersection really interesting as so much of the world’s politics is about this Venn diagram. For instance, when the U.S. Geological Survey in 2008 reported that the Arctic was home to vast reserves of oil and natural gas, the eight Arctic circumpolar countries responded by increasing their interest. Russia planted a flag on the bottom of the Arctic and there was consequently much speculation about another ‘scramble for resources’. Because energy is so important to the economic prosperity of countries, the potential for conflict is always lurking. What are your post-graduate plans? It is still somewhat uncertain. I am very interested in both the energy and international affairs fields. I can see myself going in either direction, working for a company like Equinor (formerly Statoil) that is making a transition from only oil and gas into the renewable energy space or in the international affairs realm, for instance in diplomacy. A third alternative is to combine these two passions. That could be working in the field of political risk analysis and assisting energy companies make sense of the political climate in a given country, for instance before they enter a new market or conduct an acquisition. How have your travels to Kenya and study in the U.S. affected your global outlook? Living in Kenya showed me how diverse the world is. In Kenya alone, there are nearly 70 distinct languages spoken by various tribes and ethnic groups. On the African continent, as many as 2-3000 languages are spoken, yet we often fail to distinguish the countries and simply group them together as “Africa”. Living in Kenya also showed me the difficulties of development practice. So often Europeans and Americans think we know what people need, but it fails to take into account the vast differences between countries and the different people within one country. For instance, there was an American NGO that came to western Kenya where I lived and gave people cows because, based on their extensive theoretical framework, that would help people get out of poverty by selling milk and making dairy products. However, this particular tribe in this area doesn’t care for cows since chickens are their staple food. Thus, the cows died and the project failed because the NGO didn’t know the local community and hadn’t actually spoken to the people there, asking what they needed. My experiences from living abroad have made me very culturally sensitive. It is easy to think that because something works in place A it should work in place B. But the world is complex. I therefore think approaching new places with humility and a desire to listen and learn is crucial. I have learned so much from living abroad and it has made me appreciate different views. What is your most critical concern about the direction of international affairs? There are a number of concerns on the international arena, so it’s hard to just pick one. However, I think that the rise of populism that is sweeping across many countries is a serious challenge to the liberal democratic systems we have built in the U.S., Europe and elsewhere. When it is so easy to dismiss virtually anything as “fake news” it is very difficult for people to know what to make sense of. As such, I think it is ironic that while we have never had better access to information through a range of channels, sorting hard facts from opinions and untrue statements have never been harder. So many populist politicians are targeting immigrants and using them as scapegoats. One of the great things about living in New York is the constant reminder of the beauty of diversity. I firmly believe that a diverse society stands much stronger in the face of challenge than a homogenous society where conformity of thought is the norm. What do you feel is most positive about the current global political climate? While progress in the world sometimes feels to be going to wrong way, I think we are still moving forward with great strides. Hundreds of millions of people have in the last couple of decades gained access to electricity. The number of people below the poverty line is decreasing. There is a growing consciousness about protecting our planet from climate change, the Paris agreement being one example of success. The interconnectedness of the world has tremendous potential to bring key interlocutors, including young people, together and I think that is very encouraging for the future. What are you most passionate about? I am passionate about several things. First, I am very passionate about international education. As mentioned above, I think it offers tremendous opportunities to expand one’s worldview. The work that TTS and all the donors do is excellent and I wish more people and organizations can rally behind such initiatives. Second, I am passionate about access to clean energy. I have this semester being working on a project to expand access to clean energy in Tanzania. With fellow students from Columbia, we visited Tanzania over spring break and interviewed stakeholders in both the government and private sector and have come up with proposals that will make it easier for private companies to enter the market with solar energy products for people in rural villages. Third, I am passionate about equality. This is a wide idea, but I care deeply about access to education and health care – two important factors for socio-economic development. Moreover, I also care about gender equality and am disturbed by the unequal treatment of women in the workplace, lower pay on average, and all the stories coming out recently about sexual misconduct by men in the workplace. Interview conducted in June 2018.
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reaffirmed Tehran's desire for talks on its nuclear program.	en	/Content/responsive/RFE/img/webApp/favicon.svg	RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty	https://www.rferl.org/a/1071054.html	What do an Iranian aid worker, a labor activist, a political campaigner, and a protester have in common? All four are women who have been charged in Iran with armed rebellion against the state -- which carries the death sentence -- in recent months. Two of them -- aid worker Pakhshan Azizi and labor activist Sharifeh Mohammadi -- have already been sentenced to death. Political activist Varisheh Moradi and protester Nasim Gholami Simiyari are awaiting their sentences. Besides Simiyari, all the women have been accused of being members of opposition Kurdish groups outside Iran. Azizi and Moradi are both members of Iran's Kurdish minority, which has long been suppressed. There has been a rise in the number of women sentenced to death and executed since unprecedented antiestablishment protests erupted in 2022 following the death in custody of Mahsa Amini, an Iranian-Kurdish woman. Fear Of Execution Mohammadi, the labor activist, was sentenced to death in July. She was accused of membership in an independent labor union and a banned Kurdish separatist group based in neighboring Iraq's semi-autonomous Kurdish region. Her family has said she was not affiliated with any political organization inside or outside the country. Mohammadi's cousin, Vida Mohammadi, told RFE/RL's Radio Farda that she was tortured in prison following her arrest in December and that she had spent several months in solitary confinement. Moradi, the Kurdish political activist, was arrested in August 2023. She was accused of being a member of the Free Life Party of Kurdistan (PJAK), the Iranian offshoot of Turkey's Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) and a U.S.-designated terrorist group. Azizi, the aid worker, was also arrested in August 2023 and accused of membership in PJAK, which she has denied. She was sentenced to death in July. She spent time in Iraqi Kurdistan as well as in northeastern Syria, home to the Arab country's Kurdish minority, to help people displaced by the civil war and the fight against the Islamic State extremist group. In a letter written from prison before her conviction, Azizi said working in refugee camps in Syria "could have been one of the biggest moral contributions to a society that has been oppressed for years." She also denied membership in opposition groups, adding, "So whoever spends time [in Syria's Kurdish-majority region] is a member of PKK?" Simiyari, the protester, was accused of taking part in the antiestablishment protests in 2022. She was arrested in May 2023. She has said she was tortured in prison and held in solitary confinement for prolonged periods. 'Silencing Dissent' Human rights groups have condemned what they have called trumped-up charges against the four women. Iranian activists say the charge of armed rebellion against the state is often used by the authorities against political prisoners and dissidents. "Faced with a women's movement in Iran that refuses to back down, Islamic Republic authorities are now trying to threaten these women with the gallows, in a desperate attempt to silence dissent," said Hadi Ghaemi, executive director of the New York-based Center for Human Rights in Iran (CHRI). Rights groups have repeatedly accused Iran of using the death penalty to instill fear in society in the wake of the 2022 protests. Saeid Dehghan, a prominent Iranian human rights lawyer, said the four women have been charged with armed rebellion even though "they did not possess any weapons, and no weapons have been seized or recorded in their case." "The activities of these citizens were civil in nature and had no connection to a rebellion against the 'foundation of the Islamic republic,' let alone being armed to justify the charge of rebellion," he said. Activists fear the four women could be the next victims of Iran's surge in executions. At least 345 people have been executed so far this year, according to the Norway-based Iran Human Rights group. CHRI said the fact that two of the women are Kurds reflected the "Islamic republic's continued disproportionate use of the death penalty against the country's minorities." Iran's Kurdistan region was the scene of some of the most violent crackdowns during the 2022 protests. In recent years, Tehran has upped the ante in its efforts to go after exiled opposition Iranian-Kurdish groups that it considers to be terrorist organizations. Reviving the Iran nuclear deal remains off the agenda for the Biden administration, a U.S. State Department spokesperson said on August 26, as Tehran called for “new negotiations” to update the agreement before it can be revived. Iran’s new foreign minister, Abbas Araqchi, said last week that the agreement “cannot be revived in its current form” due to sunset clauses that have expired and insisted that new talks are needed to resuscitate the agreement. However, a State Department spokesperson told RFE/RL that the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), as the 2015 nuclear accord is formally known, “is not on the table right now.” The United States unilaterally exited the deal in 2018 under then-U.S. President Donald Trump. “The United States will ensure one way or another that Iran will never have a nuclear weapon, and we are prepared to use all elements of national power to ensure that outcome,” the spokesperson said. Still, Washington views “diplomacy as the best way to achieve a sustainable, effective solution,” the spokesperson said. During a televised interview, Araqchi conceded that renegotiating the agreement would be challenging. “This document definitely needs to be reopened and parts of it needs to be changed. That is no easy task because once you reopen a document, putting it back together will be challenging,” he said in a live television interview. Complicating matters further are the November presidential election in the United States and ongoing wars in Ukraine and Gaza. Araqchi said the Ukraine war had “deeply impacted how Europeans view security,” while the Gaza conflict has “completely upended the situation in the region.” The minister, who was one of the architects of the deal between Iran and six major world powers, said the format of talks since 2021 to revive the agreement can no longer work. “New negotiations are needed,” Araqchi added. The deal restricted Iran’s nuclear program and capped uranium enrichment at 3.67 percent. In return, the United States lifted sanctions that had suffocated Iran’s economy and energy sectors. But Trump withdrew the United States from the agreement in 2018 and reimposed sanctions that had been lifted under its terms. Iran retaliated by gradually scaling back its commitments and is currently enriching uranium at 60 percent. Araqchi, then a deputy foreign minister, led Iran’s negotiating team when Tehran and Washington started indirect talks in April 2021 to restore the agreement. Negotiations paused when hard-line President Ebrahim Raisi came to power in Iran and a new team of negotiators entered the fray. But talks were suspended in September 2022 in the wake of nationwide protests that rocked Iran for months. Hundreds were killed in the unrest as the authorities cracked down on demonstrations. Iran's new president, Masud Pezeshkian, who succeeded Raisi after he died in a helicopter crash earlier this year, has vowed to engage the West. But the ultimate decision-maker in Iran is Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who has praised efforts by conservatives to expand the country's nuclear program. Israel has reportedly launched new strikes at Hizballah, which has been designated at terrorist organization by the United States, just inside Lebanon a day after a heavy exchange of missile and drone attacks between the two foes that Iran claimed showed a shift in the balance of power. State media reported on August 26 that Israel targeted the border village of Tair Harfa and an area near Sidon in Lebanon a day after Hizballah launched scores of rockets and drones against targets in northern and central Israel in the early hours of August 25. The attack came shortly after Israel carried out what it described as preemptive strikes targeting Hizballah’s rocket launchers. There were no immediate reports of casualties from Israel's strikes on August 26. Iran said on August 26 that the exchange of fire, which marked one of the largest clashes to hit the Middle East since war broke out in the Gaza Strip last October, showed Israel has lost not only its ability to anticipate small-scale attacks but also its deterrent power. “Despite the full backing of its supporters, including the United States, Israel has lost its deterrent power and ability to predict the time and place of even a limited and calibrated attack,” Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Nasser Kanani wrote on X, referring to the large-scale attack on Israel by Iran’s Lebanese ally Hizballah a day earlier. “The occupying regime has always sought territorial expansion, but now has to defend itself within the occupied territories,” Kanani added. “Fear has been embedded in the homes of the residents of the occupied lands.” Israeli officials said the preemptive attack prevented the launch of “thousands” of rockets. Hizballah claimed to have launched more than 320 rockets and drones but Israel put the figure at around 150. Embed share The code has been copied to your clipboard. width px height px The URL has been copied to your clipboard No media source currently available 0:00 0:00:50 0:00 Hizballah leader Hassan Nasrallah alleged that the group’s operation was calibrated to ensure it did not trigger a full-scale conflict. Addressing Nasrallah and Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said Israel's preemptive operation was "another step toward changing the situation in the north and returning our residents safely to their homes." Hizballah said its operation was “phase one” of its retaliation for the killing of Fuad Shukr, widely believe to be Hizballah’s second-most powerful person. Shukr was killed in an Israeli strike in Beirut on July 30. Hours after Shukr’s assassination, the political leader of the EU- and U.S.-designated Palestinian terrorist group Hamas was killed in Tehran. Iran vowed to avenge Ismail Haniyeh and accused Israel of killing him. Israel has neither denied nor claimed responsibility. In his speech, Nasrallah said one reason why Hizballah took nearly a month to hit Israel was because it was discussing with Iran and other allies about whether to carry out a coordinated attack on Israel or attack separately. Pressure has been growing on Iran to deliver on its promised attack against Israel to avenge Haniyeh. During a phone call on August 25 with Italian Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani, Iran’s top diplomat Abbas Araqchi insisted that a “measured and well-calculated” response will come. “We do not fear escalation, yet do not seek it -- unlike Israel,” Araqchi told his Italian counterpart. Israel and its Iran-backed Lebanese foe Hizballah insist they do not seek a full-scale conflict, but they continue to take steps toward war. It took the U.S.-designated terrorist group Hizballah nearly a month to deliver on its promised attack against Israel for the killing of its most senior commander, Fuad Shukr. But Israel saw the attack coming, taking what the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) described as preemptive strikes against Hizballah's rocket launchers on August 25, apparently reducing the scale of the Iran-backed group's offensive. Raz Zimmt, a senior researcher at the Institute for National Security Studies in Tel Aviv, said that while neither side wants an all-out war, each party is "very determined to impose its own equation on the other." They continue to take risks by attacking each other, but mistakes and miscalculations could spark the very conflict they want to avoid, Zimmt warned. "This ongoing, so-called limited conflict between Israel and Hizballah is very difficult to manage," he added. The IDF says around 100 fighter jets took part in its preemptive operation, while Hizballah claims it launched more than 300 rockets and drones against Israel. If the numbers are true, this marks the biggest exchange of fire between Israel and Hizballah since the 2006 war, which ended in a stalemate. Without Israel's preemptive strikes, the scale of Hizballah's attack would have been devastating, Zimmt said. That would have prompted a "severe" Israeli response, he added. Embed share The code has been copied to your clipboard. width px height px The URL has been copied to your clipboard No media source currently available 0:00 0:00:50 0:00 Despite the heavy exchange of fire, the attacks do not -- at least on the surface -- seem to have affected negotiations to establish a cease-fire in Gaza and secure the release of Israeli hostages from Hamas, which is designated as a terrorist group by the European Union and the United States. Zimmt said while he is "not optimistic" about the prospects of a cease-fire, such a deal could help de-escalate tensions -- although, even that, he added, is only speculation. Hizballah Going Solo? The Middle East has been on edge for weeks, expecting not just an attack on Israel from Hizballah but also from Iran. Iran vowed to retaliate against Israel after a bombing in uptown Tehran killed Hamas's political leader, Ismail Haniyeh. Israel has not commented on the attack. Haniyeh was killed hours after Shukr, widely seen as the second-most powerful person in Hizballah, was killed in an Israeli air strike in Beirut. Many assessed that an Iranian attack on Israel would come in concert with strikes from Hizballah. But the Lebanese group, which is more an Iranian partner than a proxy, appears to have grown tired of waiting and struck out on its own. "It is very important to note that Hizballah didn't wait for the Iranians," Zimmt said, arguing that one reason why Hizballah waited so long to launch its retaliatory strike was that it had hoped to attack Israel alongside Iran. However, the Lebanese group likely concluded that a direct Iranian strike was not coming, at least for now. "This might have some impact -- perhaps not immediately -- on Hizballah's relationship with Iran," Zimmt said. Azerbaijan is laying the groundwork to boost its ambitions in the South Caucasus and is looking to China for help. In just two months, Baku's ties with Beijing have quickly moved forward as the oil-rich country has inched closer politically and economically through a series of agreements that could boost China's presence in the region and open the door to newfound Chinese investment into Azerbaijan. The series of recent moves began on July 3 when Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev met with Chinese leader Xi Jinping on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit in Astana and declared they had upgraded bilateral ties through a new strategic partnership that calls for them to work closer together economically, militarily, and politically. A few weeks later, Baku applied to upgrade its status within the SCO from dialogue partner to observer, setting the stage to potentially become a full member. And then on August 20, Azerbaijan announced it had applied to join the BRICS group of emerging economies led by China and Russia that also includes Brazil, India, and South Africa as founding members. Taken together, the collection of moves is part of China's growing momentum in the region as an investor and trade partner since Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, which has left governments and shipping companies looking for alternatives due to sanctions on Russia that have left its vast rail network -- previously the main route between China and Europe for overland trade -- less viable. For Azerbaijan, which is at a crossroads for trade on the Caspian Sea, this has led to new energy for the so-called Middle Corridor, the alternative trade route that bypasses Russia by cutting through Central Asia and the South Caucasus to connect to the European Union, and seen new investment worth billions of dollars. "The Middle Corridor is a key issue and Baku needs Beijing's support,” Zaur Shiriyev, a nonresident scholar at the Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center, told RFE/RL. "The immediate concern is that the success of the Middle Corridor depends on a steady flow of goods from China to establish a strong China-Europe route in the long term.” A Series Of New Deals And Beyond Attracting more Chinese interest and investment in the Middle Corridor is a main priority for Azerbaijan and is at the center of the strategic partnership agreement signed in July. China pledged in the document to help develop and use the trade route and Baku is hoping that it will lead to more Chinese investment in infrastructure, which would make the route more competitive and strengthen Azerbaijan's role as a central hub in the region. But Baku's "cooperation menu with Beijing is extensive,” says Shiriyev, with Azerbaijan eyeing further deals in green energy, advanced technology, and military purchases. The Azerbaijani government has also expressed a desire for Chinese companies to set up a regional manufacturing hub for electric vehicles in the country and has been actively calling for more Chinese investment. Bilateral trade between the two countries is also on the rise, although heavily slanted in Beijing's favor, with China overtaking Turkey as Azerbaijan's second-largest source of imports (behind Russia) with $3.1 billion worth of goods in 2023, a 40 percent rise from the previous year. "Chinese companies are already participating in the diversification of Azerbaijan's economy, but we expect more,” Hikmet Hajiyev, Aliyev's foreign policy adviser, told the Chinese state broadcaster CGTN during a March interview in Beijing. Increased trade and investment appear to be motivating the recent moves by Baku as the country looks to diversify away from the hydrocarbon wealth that has underpinned its economy for decades. Another part of the strategic partnership agreement calls for China's support for Azerbaijan's full membership in the World Trade Organization and the application for BRICS membership could also open new markets. While there is no clear procedure for admitting new members or an application timeline for joining BRICS, it expanded in January to also include Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Ethiopia, and Egypt -- and has a long list of other countries who have expressed an interest in applying. "Membership could offer Baku the opportunity to expand access to the large and rapidly growing markets of the BRICS countries, potentially creating new opportunities for bilateral trade agreements and investments in Azerbaijan's economy,” Shiriyev said. A New Balance Of Power The appeal of closer ties with Beijing isn't limited to trade and investment, says Vadim Dubnov, a regional expert at RFE/RL's Echo of the Caucasus, who notes that China is also an increasingly important partner for Baku to lean on in the region's fast-changing geopolitical environment. A decreasing footprint from Western powers combined with Russia being weakened and distracted by its war in Ukraine has given Azerbaijan more room to maneuver in foreign affairs. This has led to Baku deepening ties with Turkey and Iran and inviting China in to play a larger role. "Aliyev is trying to reposition himself and find a new balance with all the major players in the South Caucasus,” said Dubnov. "Stronger ties with China allow Baku to not sit totally in any one camp.” But the warming ties between Baku and Beijing are not a one-sided process. Since Azerbaijan's success in its 2020 war with Armenia, China's interest in the South Caucasus has grown and Beijing hopes that Baku's stronger regional standing will lead to more stability and opportunities for more Chinese investment and influence in the region, such as additional trade routes connecting Azerbaijan to Turkey through Armenia. Azerbaijan is also eyeing other opportunities to use its geographic position to its advantage. While the Middle Corridor makes up an East-West trade route that bypasses Russia, the shake up to global trade brought by the war in Ukraine has also created new interest in other alternatives, including those that look to cut out the West. As the Middle Corridor has grown, Moscow has looked to drum up investment in the International North–South Transport Corridor that flows south from Russia to Azerbaijan and then aims to connect to Iran and India. China, which has strong trade ties with Central Asia and the EU as well as Russia and Iran, has expressed support for both the Middle Corridor and the North-South route, which Azerbaijan is looking to capitalize on given its central position in both. "If Baku previously was able to use its energy resources [as leverage] in its relations with the West, international trade corridors are also now tools with strategic importance in Azerbaijan's foreign policy,” Nurlan Aliyev, a lecturer at the University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, told RFE/RL. RFE/RL Armenian Service correspondent Lusine Musayelyan contributed reporting to this article. Iran is striking out left and right in an attempt to interfere with the U.S. presidential election in November with the help of slick-looking websites, hackers, and phishing attacks. The objective of the sophisticated campaign, U.S. intelligence and cyberthreat experts say, is to fuel distrust in the U.S. democratic system and to exploit and heighten social divisions. As the November 5 election nears, Iranian hackers have been accused of targeting the e-mail accounts of both the Republican candidate, former President Donald Trump, and his Democratic rival, Kamala Harris. U.S. intelligence assessments and researchers say both political campaigns have been targeted by phishing attacks carried out by a group with suspected ties to Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC), the elite branch of the armed forces. And experts say an Iranian network dubbed "Storm-2035" operates multiple inauthentic news sites on the web and social media that use AI-generated content to agitate conservative and liberal dissidence. "Iran’s main goal in this space is to sow discord and chaos and to undermine the integrity of the United States' electoral system," said Simin Kargar, a senior nonresident fellow at the Washington-based Digital Forensic Research Lab (DFRLab). "If they can pull this off, even at a very small scale, it would be a testament to Iran’s long-held rhetoric that democracy is a 'flawed Western concept' and even the U.S., which has often accused Iran of rigged elections, is susceptible to election-related controversies," she added in written comments. At least four "Iran-run covert news sites masquerading as news outlets" operated by Storm-2035 have been identified by the Microsoft Threat Analysis Center (MTAC) as "actively engaging U.S. voter groups on opposing ends of the political spectrum with polarizing messaging on issues such as the U.S. presidential candidates, LGBTQ rights, and the Israel-Hamas conflict." In an August 9 report, the MTAC singled out three of the sites by name-- Even Politics (evenpolitics.com), Nio Thinker (niothinker.com), and Savannah Time (savannahtime.com). With Trump and Harris in a tight race 11 weeks before the vote, Even Politics was publishing content focused on the ongoing war in Gaza, alleged threats against democracy, and the influence of religious groups. Much of the content on the site appeared to be steered against Trump. Nio Thinker, which emerged shortly after the beginning of the Gaza war in October, has since shifted its focus from that conflict to the U.S. election. Its content caters to "liberal audiences" with "sarcastic, long-winded articles insulting Trump," according to the MTAC, including one calling him an "opioid-pilled elephant in the MAGA china shop." Hot-Button Topics The site also goes after Harris's alleged unwavering support for Israel, the vice-presidential nominees for both parties, and stokes the flames on hot-button topics like corporate influence and immigration. One article presented as an op-ed lays out "Why Harris's Stance On Palestine Cost Her My Vote." A story titled "J.D. Vance And The Rise Of The Sperm Cups" mocks Trump's running mate over his "family values" positioning, which it described as a "one-way ticket back to the 1950s." And another written from "an FBI agent's perspective" alleged that Harris's running mate, Tim Walz, has a "'longstanding connection' to China and its government." The third site, Savannah Time, presents itself as originating from the city of Savannah in the key swing state of Georgia. That site, according to Darren Linvill, co-director of the Watt Family Innovation Center Media Forensics Hub, is clearly intended to appeal to the right, with stories bashing Harris and her supporters. Harris's economic policies are often in the crosshairs of Savannah Time, with one article describing them as "fiscally reckless crayon economics that would make even a drunken sailor blush." Another accuses her of "a dangerous flirtation with communist-style price controls." Most of the articles published by the three sites are written by "staff," and the Open AI artificial intelligence research company said in an August 16 report that Storm-2035 relied heavily on ChatGPT to generate its content. Experts suggest that in many ways Iran's approach to influencing the U.S. electoral system mirrors that of Russia, which employed troll farms to flood social media with disinformation and divisive content during the 2016 presidential election, broadly favoring Trump over Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton. "What we've seen from these websites suggests a sort of Russian-style [campaign], where they have set up websites that are targeting communities on both the left and the right," Linvill said. "[They want] to potentially use those websites to target these communities to spread disinformation and perhaps make our politics more extreme than they would have been otherwise and facilitate the process of us fighting amongst ourselves," he added. 'Remarkably Well Done' Linvill also said the Iranian websites in some ways surpass their Russian counterparts, and have improved over the years. "They're really remarkably well done. They clearly use AI in really interesting ways to create their content, but they're really well put together," Linvill said. Iranian efforts to influence the U.S. electoral process have been observed since as early as 2018, when inauthentic personas were used to impersonate candidates for the U.S. House of Representatives and to pose as journalists, according to the cyberthreat intelligence specialists Mandiant. Analysts suggest that the campaign increased in scope following the assassination of IRGC commander Qasem Soleimani in a U.S. air strike in Iraq in January 2020 under then-President Trump. Two Iranian nationals, for example, were charged by the United States for their involvement in a cyberenabled campaign to influence U.S. voters in the 2020 election, which Trump lost to President Joe Biden. Mandiant noted that Iranian actors sent threatening e-mails to voters in the United States during the 2020 campaign. Mandiant and other cyberexperts also said that Iran used media sites like Even Politics to attempt to influence the 2022 midterm elections. Aside from the use of media platforms, U.S. intelligence agencies and cyberthreat experts say that Iran is currently making use of hacking and phishing attacks in an attempt to disrupt the November presidential vote. The Trump campaign on August 10 blamed the Iranian government for a hack of some of its internal communications, prompting a federal investigation. A joint assessment by three U.S. intelligence bodies released on August 19 confirmed "increasingly aggressive Iranian activity during this election cycle," including the "recently reported activities to compromise former President Trump’s campaign." This came after the U.S. director of national intelligence in July suggested that Tehran's efforts to influence the election was "probably because Iranian leaders want to avoid an outcome they perceive would increase tensions with the United States." Considering the assassination of Soleimeni, the unilateral U.S. withdrawal from the nuclear accord with Iran, and the souring of relations under the Trump administration, many experts suggest that Tehran would not favor another Trump presidency. The Trump campaign, following the hacking it blamed on Iran, suggested that it was due to past hostilities with Tehran. 'Hyper-Polarized Climate' Kargar of DFRLab said in written comments that she had not "seen enough evidence on favoring one candidate over another." But Kargar said that “given Trump’s first term policies vis-a-vis Iran, it would only make sense that Iran would want to avoid a second Trump term at any cost." But Harris's campaign has also been targeted. The joint U.S. intelligence report this month also said that it was confident that "the Iranians have through social engineering and other efforts sought access to individuals with direct access to the presidential campaigns of both political parties." And a Google threat analysis group on August 14 said that APT42 had used phishing campaigns in an attempt to compromise "the personal [e-mail] accounts of individuals affiliated with President Biden, Vice President Harris, and former President Trump, including current and former government officials and individuals associated with the campaigns." Tehran is going after both the Republican and the Democratic camps because "Iran is looking for ways to sow discord and drive wedges between different communities of voters in a hyper-polarized climate," Kargar said. Russia, Kargar added, did the same in 2016. The bigger question is whether Iran's campaign has had any impact in an election that is already divisive on its own. Little is known about the hacking attacks confirmed by U.S. intelligence, although Trump wrote on social media that the hackers were "only able to get publicly available information" and U.S. media did not publish documents purportedly from within Trump's campaign that were sent anonymously. In the case of the inauthentic websites operated by Iran's Storm-2035 campaign, Linvill said that "nobody's talking about them." "It seems likely that they had been set up for some future purpose to help some future narrative laundering campaign that hasn't been undertaken yet," Linvill said. Such campaigns usually have a very specific goal in mind or a specific story that the actor wants to spread, Livill said, but "we just can't say what that might be." Linvill said he expects that to be cleared up as the election gets closer. A new report says Iran is preparing to export Fath-360 and Ababil close-range ballistic missiles (CRBMs) to Russia and has started training Russian personnel to use the former. There have been several reports since Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 claiming Iran was gearing up to sell or had already supplied Russia with ballistic missiles. None of the reports was confirmed by U.S. or Ukrainian officials, and Iran continues to deny having armed or planning to arm Russia. Analysts who spoke to RFE/RL were unsure about the latest report but added that if confirmed it would provide a boon for Russia's war efforts and have both benefits and pitfalls for Iran. Russia's use of North Korean ballistic missiles briefly allayed concerns Moscow would turn to Iran to restock its inventory. "However, the extensive demands of the battlefield may have strained North Korea's supply capabilities," Nicole Grajewski, a fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, told RFE/RL. She said Moscow might be seeking Iranian ballistic missiles as a strategy to "lessen its dependence on North Korea," which would allow Russia to play off Pyongyang and Tehran against each other, "potentially maximizing its strategic benefits." A visit to Tehran on August 6 by Russian Security Council Secretary Sergei Shoigu, who previously served as the country's defense minister, fueled suspicions that Moscow was seeking to acquire Iranian missiles. From Drones To Missiles Since the early months of the Ukraine war, Russia was suspected of using Iranian-made Shahed and Mohajer-6 drones, many of which have been found after being shot down in Ukrainian cities and battlefields. Iran initially denied arming Russia before relenting and admitting that it had supplied "a limited number of drones" to Moscow before the war. Despite the overwhelming evidence to the contrary, Tehran continues to deny that its drones are being used by Russia against Ukraine. That has not stopped the United States and EU from imposing sanctions on Iran for helping Moscow. Grajewski said Iranian drones "had a comparative advantage over the Russian ones in terms of technology, manufacturing, and operational use." But with ballistic missiles, it "is about quantity, not quality." Aside from the reputational boost that would come from supplying ballistic missiles to Russia, Iran would also gain significant knowledge about how Fath-360 and Ababil perform in battle. In addition, Grejewski said, the "operational use and any Russian modifications would potentially help Iran with some areas where its missiles tend to be lacking." Earlier reports suggested Russia was eyeing Iran's Fateh-110 and Zolfaqar short-range ballistic missiles. But exporting those to Russia would put Iran in violation of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) range and payload thresholds, said Behnam Ben Taleblu, a senior fellow at the Washington-based Foundation for Defense of Democracies think tank. However, Fath-360 and Ababil are under the 300 km and 500 kg thresholds established by the MTCR. "Nonetheless, that does not mean [CRBMs] should be ignored, as they help Russia conserve their own domestically produced long-range strike assets and are further signs of a deepening Russo-Iranian relationship," Taleblu argued. Taking Risks To Grow Partnership Not contravening the MTCR would still draw the ire of Western nations if Iran ends up supplying Russia with ballistic missiles. UN restrictions on Iran's imports and exports of missiles expired in October 2023, but the United States and the E3 (Britain, France, and Germany) as well as the wider EU extended ballistic-missile sanctions against Iran. "The E3 was resolute in their warnings to Iran," Grajewski said. "The supply of Iranian ballistic missiles to Russia would complicate any solution with the Iranian nuclear program." Talks on restoring the nuclear deal have stalled and the agreement is set to expire in October 2025, so Iran may be looking to bolster its relations with Russia in case the prospects for reviving the deal disappear. Iran took part in Russia's annual army exhibition, which was held in Moscow on August 12-14, and showcased some of its latest military technology including the Mohajer-10 drone -- the updated version of the Mohajer-6 that Russia has used in Ukraine. But Grajewski argued that more notable was the presence in Moscow of Brigadier General Ali Shadmani, a deputy commander of the Khatam al-Anbiya Central Headquarters that is responsible for the operational command and control of Iran's armed forces. Taleblu said Iran had received a combination of things for arming Russia with drones, including cash and gold, and maintained that "these vectors of cooperation are likely set to deepen." "Iran is intent on moving up from the status of junior partner to Russia, which is one reason why the arms cooperation between the two over Ukraine is unlikely to be compartmentalized," he added. Iran has kept the world on edge since it promised to strike Israel more than two weeks ago -- a move experts say could plunge the region into an all-out war. The promised attack by Islamic republic is meant as retaliation for the July 31 killing in Tehran of Ismail Haniyeh, the political leader of the U.S.- and EU-designated Palestinian terrorist group Hamas. Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei said after the assassination that Iran was "duty-bound" to avenge its "guest." An Iranian attack has been "imminent" for the past two weeks, and this anticipation has led to frequent bouts of hysteria on social media predicting an attack by Iran and its allies -- including Lebanese militant group Hizballah -- within hours. "I think they really enjoy that: watching Israel stuck in this waiting period, paying a heavy economic and psychological price," said Raz Zimmt, a senior researcher at the Institute for National Security Studies in Tel Aviv. Embed share The code has been copied to your clipboard. width px height px The URL has been copied to your clipboard No media source currently available 0:00 0:02:35 0:00 But the fallout from the anticipation is a double-edged sword that also hurts Iran and its allies. "The negative impact on Israel, be it the stress to the home front, the military mobilization, and even the economic consequences, will not be limited to Israel, but also affect Iran and Lebanon," warned Michael Horowitz, head of intelligence at the Bahrain-based Le Beck International consultancy. Why The Wait? Analysts said the idea Iran is delaying its retaliation because it is relishing the psychological impact it is having is more of an excuse than a proper strategy. They agreed intense domestic debates, the complexity of coordinating with proxies, and assessing the risks associated with an attack have all contributed to Iran's hesitation. Zimmt said Iran is "facing a major dilemma" because while Khamenei and the powerful Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) want to restore Iran's deterrence vis-a-vis Israel, there are elements in Iran that worry a large-scale attack could drag Iran into a war with Israel and maybe even the United States. Even if a decision on how to respond to Haniyeh's killing has been made, coordinating with Hizballah and other members of the so-called axis of resistance -- Tehran's loosely knit network of regional state and nonstate allies and proxies -- is a time-consuming process. Another factor likely affecting Iran's decision-making is the United States beefing up its military presence in the region more than it did in April ahead of Iran's unprecedented drone and missile attack against Israel. "We're seeing a bigger response [from the United States] than in April, which is probably meant to match the scope of the threat, as Iran may carry out a larger response than the one in April," Horowitz said. "The message [from the United States] in sending both defensive assets -- but also potentially offensive ones -- is one of deterrence and perhaps the only kind of message that does truly matter at this stage." Can Diplomacy Prevail? Tehran has rebuffed calls by Western nations to show restraint, insisting it has a legitimate right to respond to Israel's killing of Haniyeh on Iranian territory. Still, the flurry of phone calls made to new President Masud Pezeshkian and acting Foreign Minister Ali Baqeri-Kani have raised speculation that attempts at diplomacy have helped delay an attack and could potentially stave it off. "I am skeptical that diplomacy, on its own, is enough to truly change the Iranian calculus," Horowitz said. "Iran will do what it feels is in its best interest, regardless of the calls and statements urging restraint." But Iran has suggested a different kind of diplomacy could convince it to at least "delay" its promised attack: a permanent cease-fire in Gaza between Israel and Hamas. Farzan Sabet, senior research associate at the Geneva Graduate Institute, speculated Iran "may be looking for off-ramps" to justify a toned-down response, and some kind of Gaza cease-fire could be just the "diplomatic victory" it needs to do that. Zimmt said a Gaza cease-fire may not be important to Iran but it does provide Tehran with "an excuse or an explanation to legitimize this delay, both internally and mostly externally." He said a cease-fire could lead to Iran either reducing the scale of its attack or choosing a different method of retaliation altogether that does not involve a direct strike on Israel. No Good Options It remains a mystery when and how Iran is going to respond, but as things stand Tehran does not seem to have any good options. "Decision-makers in Tehran may have vacillated in finding a 'Goldilocks' option," Sabet said. That, he explained, is Iran's conundrum to deliver "a retaliatory strike that is not so weak as to have little symbolic or deterrent value, but not so strong as to cause an uncontrolled cycle of escalation that leads to a larger war." Tehran is effectively left with either a weak response or one that crosses the threshold of war. Both options "entail significant risks," Horowitz said, "either for Iran's regional projection power or the risks Iran could take if it crosses a line and is hit back in return."
7734	dbpedia	1	66	https://webapps.knust.edu.gh/staff/dirsearch/profile/summary/f707c9f8117c.html	en	Profile of Mr. Michael Kofi, Annan	https://webapps.knust.edu.gh/staff/assets/img/img_server.php?id=3017731		[ "https://webapps.knust.edu.gh/staff/assets/css/images/logo.png", "https://webapps.knust.edu.gh/staff/assets/img/img_server.php?id=3017731" ]	[]	[]	[ "KNUST Staff Directory", "Web Directory", "Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology" ]	null	[ "Website Development Services", "UITS (http:", "uits.knust.edu.gh)" ]	2024-08-30T00:00:00	Welcome the KNUST Staff Web Directory. Staff list and information can be found here.	en	https://webapps.knust.ed…/img/favicon.png		null	SEND QUICK MAIL TO STAFF Subject Message Your Email Address: Note: this is to help the staff contact you back. © 2014-2024 Staff Web Directory, Human Resources Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology Tel +233 3220 60352 E: hrd@knust.edu.gh
7734	dbpedia	0	1	https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/wp/k/Kofi_Annan.htm	en	Kofi Annan			[ "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/checked-content.png", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/images/1709/170907.jpg", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/images/1709/170908.jpg", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/images/1709/170912.jpg", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/images/1x1white.gif", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/images/1709/170916.jpg", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/images/1x1white.gif", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/schools-wikipedia-logo.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "SOS Children" ]	null	An article about Kofi Annan hand selected for the Wikipedia for Schools by SOS Children	en			http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/k/Kofi_Annan.htm	Kofi Atta Annan (pron.: / ˈ k oʊ f i ˈ æ n ə n /; born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations, from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2006. Annan and the United Nations were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize for his founding of the Global AIDS and Health Fund to support developing countries in their struggle to care for their people. From 23 February until 31 August 2012, Annan was the UN–Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria, to help find a resolution to ongoing conflict there. Annan quit after becoming frustrated with the UN's lack of progress with regard to conflict resolution, stating that "when the Syrian people desperately need action, there continues to be finger-pointing and name-calling in the Security Council." Early years and education Kofi Annan was born in Kumasi in the Gold Coast on 8 April 1938. His twin sister Efua Ataa, who died in 1991, shares the middle name Atta, which in Fante and Akan means 'twin'. Annan and his sister were born into one of the country's aristocratic families; both their grandfathers and their uncle were tribal chiefs. In the Akan names tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week on which they were born, and/or in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday. Pronunciation: Annan has said his surname rhymes with "cannon" in English. From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim school, a Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan has said that the school taught him "that suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere". In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, the Gold Coast gained independence from Britain and began using the name "Ghana". In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, in 1961. Annan then did a DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961–62. After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a Master of Science (M.S.) degree. Annan is fluent in English, French, Akan, some Kru languages and other African languages. Early career In 1962, Kofi Annan started working as a Budget Officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN). From 1974 to 1976, he worked as the Director of Tourism in Ghana. In the late 1980s, Annan returned to work for the UN, where he was appointed as an Assistant Secretary-General in three consecutive positions: Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator (1987–1990); Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller (1990–1992); and Peacekeeping Operations (March 1993 – December 1996). The Rwandan Genocide took place in 1994 while Annan directed UN Peacekeeping Operations. In 2003 Canadian ex-General Roméo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide. In his book Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003), General Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict, and from providing more logistical and material support. Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to provide responses to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository; such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis. In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said, "I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support." Annan served as Under-Secretary-General from March 1994 to October 1995. He was appointed a Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving for five months before returning to his duties as Under-Secretary-General in April 1996. Secretary-General of the United Nations Appointment On 13 December 1996, the United Nations Security Council recommended Annan to replace the previous Secretary-General, Dr. Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt, whose second term faced the veto of the United States. Confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly, he started his first term as Secretary-General on 1 January 1997. Activities In April 2001, Annan issued a five-point "Call to Action" to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Stating it was a "personal priority", Annan proposed a Global AIDS and Health Fund to stimulate the increased international spending needed to help developing countries confront the HIV/AIDS crisis. On 10 December 2001, Annan and the United Nations were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world". In the years after 1998 when UNSCOM was kicked out by the government of Saddam Hussein and during the Iraq disarmament crisis, in which the United States blamed UNSCOM and former IAEA director Hans Blix for failing to properly disarm Iraq, Scott Ritter the former UNSCOM chief weapons inspector, blamed Annan for being slow and ineffective in enforcing Security Council resolutions on Iraq and was overtly submissive to the demands of the Clinton administration for regime removal and inspection of sites, often Presidential palaces, that were not mandated in any resolution and were of questionable intelligence value, which severely hampered UNSCOM's ability to cooperate with the Iraqi government and contributed to their expulsion from the country. Ritter also claimed that Annan regularly interfered with the work of the inspectors and diluted the chain of command by trying to micromanage all of the activities of UNSCOM, which caused intelligence processing (and the resulting inspections) to be backed up and caused confusion with the Iraqis as to who was in charge and as a result, they generally refused to take orders from Ritter or Rolf Ekéus without explicit approval from Annan, which could have taken days, if not weeks. He later believed that Annan was oblivious to the fact the Iraqis took advantage of this in order to delay inspections. He claimed that on one occasion, Annan refused to implement a no-notice inspection of the SSO headquarters and instead tried to negotiate access, but the negotiation ended up taking nearly six weeks, giving the Iraqis more than enough time to clean out the site. During the build-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Annan called on the United States and the United Kingdom not to invade without the support of the United Nations. In a September 2004 interview on the BBC, when questioned about the legal authority for the invasion, Annan said he believed it was not in conformity with the UN charter and was illegal. Annan and Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad disagreed sharply on Iran's nuclear program, on an Iranian exhibition of cartoons mocking the Holocaust, and on the then upcoming International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust, an Iranian Holocaust denial conference in 2006. During a visit to Iran instigated by continued Iranian uranium enrichment, Annan said "I think the tragedy of the Holocaust is an undeniable historical fact and we should really accept that fact and teach people what happened in World War II and ensure it is never repeated." Annan supported sending a UN peacekeeping mission to Darfur, Sudan. He worked with the government of Sudan to accept a transfer of power from the African Union peacekeeping mission to a UN one. Annan also worked with several Arab and Muslim countries on women's rights and other topics. Beginning in 1998, Annan convened an annual UN "Security Council Retreat" with the 15 States' representatives of the Council. It was held at the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF) Conference Centre at the Rockefeller family estate at Pocantico, and was sponsored by both the RBF and the UN. Lubbers sexual-harassment investigation In June 2004, Annan was given a copy of the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) report on the complaint brought by four women workers against Ruud Lubbers, UN High Commissioner for Refugees for sexual harassment, abuse of authority, and retaliation. The report also reviewed a long-serving staff member's allegations of sexual harassment and misconduct against Werner Blatter, Director of UNHCR Personnel. The investigation found Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment; no mention was made publicly of the other charge against a senior official, or two subsequent complaints filed later that year. In the course of the official investigation, Lubbers wrote a letter which some considered was a threat to the female worker who had brought the charges. On 15 July 2004, Annan cleared Lubbers of the accusations, saying they were not substantial enough legally. His decision held until November 2004. When the OIOS issued its annual report to the UN General Assembly, it stated that it had found Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment. These events were widely reported and weakened Annan's influence. On 17 November 2004, Annan accepted an OIOS report clearing Dileep Nair, UN Under-Secretary-General for Internal Oversight Services, of political corruption and sexual harassment charges. Some UN staff in New York disagreed with this conclusion, leading to extended debate on 19 November. The internal UNn-OIOS report on Lubbers was leaked, and sections accompanied by an article by Kate Holt were published in a British newspaper. In February 2005, he resigned as head of the UN refugee agency. Lubbers said he wanted to relieve political pressure on Annan. Oil-for-Food scandal In December 2004, reports surfaced that the Secretary-General's son Kojo Annan received payments from the Swiss company Cotecna Inspection SA, which had won a lucrative contract under the UN Oil-for-Food Program. Kofi Annan called for an investigation to look into the allegations. Annan appointed the Independent Inquiry Committee, which was led by former US Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker, then the director of the United Nations Association of the US. In his first interview with the Inquiry Committee, Annan denied having had a meeting with Cotecna. Later in the inquiry, he recalled that he had met with Cotecna's chief executive Elie-Georges Massey twice. In a final report issued on 27 October, the committee found insufficient evidence to indict Kofi Annan on any illegal actions, but did find fault with Benan Sevan, a Cypriot national who had worked for the UN for about 40 years. Appointed by Annan to the Oil-For-Food role, Sevan repeatedly asked Iraqis for allocations of oil to the African Middle East Petroleum Company. Sevan's behaviour was "ethically improper", Volcker said to reporters. Sevan repeatedly denied the charges and argued that he was being made a "scapegoat". The Volcker report was highly critical of the UN management structure and the Security Council oversight. It strongly recommended a new position be established of Chief Operating Officer (COO), to handle the fiscal and administrative responsibilities than under the Secretary General's office. The report listed the companies, both Western and Middle Eastern, that benefited illegally from the program. Relations between the United States and the United Nations Kofi Annan supported his deputy Secretary-General Mark Malloch Brown, who openly criticized the United States in a speech on 6 June 2006: "[T]he prevailing practice of seeking to use the UN almost by stealth as a diplomatic tool while failing to stand up for it against its domestic critics is simply not sustainable. You will lose the UN one way or another. [...] [That] the US is constructively engaged with the UN [...] is not well known or understood, in part because much of the public discourse that reaches the US heartland has been largely abandoned to its loudest detractors such as Rush Limbaugh and Fox News." Malloch later said his talk was a "sincere and constructive critique of U.S. policy toward the U.N. by a friend and admirer." The talk was unusual because it violated unofficial policy of not having top officials publicly criticize member nations. The interim U.S. ambassador John R. Bolton, appointed by President George W. Bush, was reported to have told Annan on the phone: "I've known you since 1989 and I'm telling you this is the worst mistake by a senior UN official that I have seen in that entire time." Observers from other nations supported Malloch's view that conservative politicians in the US prevented many citizens from understanding the benefits of US involvement in the UN. UN Resolution 61/225: World Diabetes Day Kofi Annan witnessed the United Nations General Assembly's passage of UN Resolution 61/225, to establish World Diabetes Day. The Resolution was the second UN General Assembly Resolution on a health-related issue (the other being HIV/AIDS). Resolution 61/225 is the only Health-related UN Resolution to pass by consensus. Sponsored by the Republic of South Africa and Bangladesh, the Resolution was passed on 20 December 2006. Farewell addresses On 19 September 2006, Annan gave a farewell address to world leaders gathered at the UN headquarters in New York, in anticipation of his retirement on 31 December. In the speech he outlined three major problems of "an unjust world economy, world disorder, and widespread contempt for human rights and the rule of law", which he believes "have not resolved, but sharpened" during his time as Secretary-General. He also pointed to violence in Africa, and the Arab-Israeli conflict as two major issues warranting attention. On 11 December 2006, in his final speech as Secretary-General, delivered at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library in Independence, Missouri, Annan recalled Truman's leadership in the founding of the United Nations. He called for the United States to return to President Truman's multilateralist foreign policies, and to follow Truman's credo that "the responsibility of the great states is to serve and not dominate the peoples of the world". He also said that the United States must maintain its commitment to human rights, "including in the struggle against terrorism." Recommendations for UN reform Soon after taking office in 1997, Annan released two reports on management reform. On 17 March 1997, the report ‘Management and Organisational Measures’ (A/51/829) introduced new management mechanisms through the establishment of a cabinet-style body to assist him and be grouping the UN’s activities in accordance with four core missions. A comprehensive reform agenda was issued on 14 July 1997 entitled ‘Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform’ (A/51/950). Key proposals included the introduction of strategic management to strengthen unity of purpose, the establishment of the position of Deputy Secretary-General, a 10-percent reduction in posts, a reduction in administrative costs, the consolidation of the UN at the country level, and reaching out to civil society and the private sector as partners. Annan also proposed to hold a Millennium Summit in 2000. After years of research, Annan presented a progress report, In Larger Freedom, to the UN General Assembly, on 21 March 2005. Annan recommended Security Council expansion and a host of other UN reforms. On 31 January 2006, Kofi Annan outlined his vision for a comprehensive and extensive reform of the UN in a policy speech to the United Nations Association UK. The speech, delivered at Central Hall, Westminster, also marked the 60th Anniversary of the first meetings of the UN General Assembly and UN Security Council. On 7 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his proposals for a fundamental overhaul of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is entitled: "Investing in the United Nations, For a Stronger Organization Worldwide". On 30 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his analysis and recommendations for updating the entire work programme of the United Nations Secretariat over the last 60 years. The report is entitled: "Mandating and Delivering: Analysis and Recommendations to Facilitate the Review of Mandates". Regarding the UN Human Rights Council, Annan has said "declining credibility" had "cast a shadow on the reputation of the United Nations system. Unless we re-make our human rights machinery, we may be unable to renew public confidence in the United Nations itself." However, he does believe that, despite its flaws, the council can do good. Post-UN career Upon his return to Ghana, Annan was immediately suggested as a candidate to become the country's next President. He has become involved with several organizations with both global and African focuses. In 2007, Annan was named chairman of the prize committee for the Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, was chosen to lead the new formation of Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), was appointed president of the Global Humanitarian Forum in Geneva, and was selected for the MacArthur Foundation Award for International Justice. Annan is a member of The Elders, a group of independent global leaders who work together on peace and human rights issues. In November 2008, Annan and fellow Elders Jimmy Carter and Graça Machel attempted to travel to Zimbabwe to make a first-hand assessment of the humanitarian situation in the country. Refused entry, the Elders instead carried out their assessment from Johannesburg, where they met Zimbabwe- and South Africa-based leaders from politics, business, international organisations and civil society. In May 2011, following months of political violence in Côte d’Ivoire, Annan travelled to the country with Elders Desmond Tutu and Mary Robinson to encourage national reconciliation. In the beginning of 2008, as head of the Panel of Eminent African Personalities, Annan participated in the negotiations to end the civil unrest in Kenya. He threatened to leave the negotiations as mediator if a quick decision was not made. On 26 February 2008 he suspended talks to end Kenya's violent post-election crisis. On 28 February, Annan managed to have President Mwai Kibaki and Raila Odinga sign a coalition government agreement and was widely lauded by many Kenyans for this landmark achievement. That was the best deal achieved then under the mediation efforts. Annan is a member of the Club of Madrid. Annan currently serves on the board of directors of the United Nations Foundation, a public charity created in 1998 with entrepreneur and philanthropist Ted Turner's historic $1 billion USD gift to support UN causes. The UN Foundation builds and implements public-private partnerships to address the world's most pressing problems, and broadens support for the UN. Annan chairs the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa. Every year, the Panel releases a report, the Africa Progress Report, that outlines an issue of immediate importance to the continent and suggests a set of associated policies. In 2012, the Africa Progress Report highlighted issues of Jobs, Justice, and Equity. The 2013 report will outline issues relating to oil, gas, and mining in Africa. Kofi Annan was appointed the Chancellor of the University of Ghana in 2008. Annan has signed up to be one of the Counsellors at One Young World a non-profit organisation which hopes to bring together 1500 young global leaders of tomorrow from every country in the world. In May 2009 Columbia University announced that Annan will join a new program being launched by Dean John Coatsworth at the School of International and Public Affairs as one of the first group of Global Fellows. The Global Fellows program will bring students together with global practitioners to share firsthand knowledge of experiences in the life of an international or public figure. He is also a fellow of The Committee on Global Thought appointed by the University. On 2 September 2009, Annan was unveiled as the first Li Ka Shing Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy of the National University of Singapore (NUS). The announcement was made during the school's 5th anniversary celebrations. On 7 October 2010, Annan was appointed to the Board of Directors of the Global Center for Pluralism, Canada’s new international research and education center dedicated to the study and practice of pluralism worldwide. The Global Centre for Pluralism is an initiative of His Highness the Aga Khan in partnership with the Government of Canada. The Center is located at 330 Sussex Drive in Ottawa, Canada. Dedicated to the creation of successful societies, the Centre is founded on the premise that tolerance, openness and understanding towards the cultures, social structures, values and faiths of other peoples are essential to the very survival of an interdependent world. Pluralism is no longer simply an asset or a prerequisite for progress and development. A member of the Fondation Chirac's honour committee when former French president Jacques Chirac launched it in 2008, Kofi Annan participates as jury member for the Prize for Conflict Prevention awarded every year by this foundation. He also created the Kofi Annan Foundation dedicated to sustainable development and peace. Work in Syria On 23 February 2012, Annan was appointed as the UN-Arab League envoy to Syria, in an attempt to end the civil war taking place. He developed a six-point plan for peace: commit to work with the Envoy in an inclusive Syrian-led political process to address the legitimate aspirations and concerns of the Syrian people, and, to this end, commit to appoint an empowered interlocutor when invited to do so by the Envoy; commit to stop the fighting and achieve urgently an effective United Nations supervised cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties to protect civilians and stabilise the country. To this end, the Syrian government should immediately cease troop movements towards, and end the use of heavy weapons in, population centres, and begin pullback of military concentrations in and around population centres. As these actions are being taken on the ground, the Syrian government should work with the Envoy to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism. Similar commitments would be sought by the Envoy from the opposition and all relevant elements to stop the fighting and work with him to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism; ensure timely provision of humanitarian assistance to all areas affected by the fighting, and to this end, as immediate steps, to accept and implement a daily two hour humanitarian pause and to coordinate exact time and modalities of the daily pause through an efficient mechanism, including at local level; intensify the pace and scale of release of arbitrarily detained persons, including especially vulnerable categories of persons, and persons involved in peaceful political activities, provide without delay through appropriate channels a list of all places in which such persons are being detained, immediately begin organizing access to such locations and through appropriate channels respond promptly to all written requests for information, access or release regarding such persons; ensure freedom of movement throughout the country for journalists and a non-discriminatory visa policy for them; respect freedom of association and the right to demonstrate peacefully as legally guaranteed. On 2 August, he resigned as U.N. and Arab League joint special envoy to Syria, citing the intransigence of both the Assad government and the rebels, as well as the stalemate on the Security Council as preventing any peaceful resolution of the situation. He also stated that the lack of international unity and ineffective diplomacy among the world leaders has made the peaceful resolution in Syria an impossible task. Memoir On 4 September 2012, Annan published his memoir, Interventions: A Life in War and Peace, written with Nader Mousavizadeh, ISBN 978-159420420-3. The book is described as a personal biography of so-called global statecraft. Personal life In 1965 Kofi Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from a well-to-do family. Several years later they had a daughter Ama and later a son Kojo. The couple separated in the late seventies. In 1984 Annan remarried to Nane Lagergren - a Swedish lawyer at the U.N. and niece of Raoul Wallenberg. Honours and awards Honours 2000: Companion of the Order of the Star of Ghana 2000: Grand Cross Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland 2001: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Star of Romania 2005: Grand Collar of the Order of Liberty (Portugal) 2006: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion 2007: Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria 2007: Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) from Queen Elizabeth II (UK) 2008: Grand Cross 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Awards 2000: Kora All Africa Music Awards in the category of Lifetime Achievement 2001: Nobel Foundation, The Nobel Peace Prize, jointly presented to Kofi Annan and the United Nations 2002: winner of the " Profiles in Courage Award", given by the JFK Memorial Museum 2002: The American Whig-Cliosophic Society James Madison Award for Distinguished Public Service. 2003: Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 2003: Freedom Prize of the Max Schmidheiny Foundation at the University of St. Gallen 2006: International World Order of Culture, Science and Education, Award of the European Academy of Informatization, Belgium 2006: Inter Press Service, International Achievement Award for Annan's lasting contributions to peace, security, and development 2006: Olof Palme Prize 2007: Wooden Crossbow, special award from the Swiss World Economic Forum 2007: People in Europe Award of Verlagsgruppe Passau 2007: MacArthur Foundation, MacArthur Award for International Justice 2007: North-South Prize of the Council of Europe 2008: Peace of Westphalia Prize 2008: Harvard University Honours Prize 2008: Gottlieb Duttweiler Prize 2008: Peace of Westphalia Prize – Münster (Westfalen) 2008: Open Society Award – CEU Business School Budapest 2011: Gothenburg Award Honorary degrees
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Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He was the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organization founded by Nelson Mandela. Born in Kumasi, Annan went on to study economics at Macalester College, international relations from the Graduate Institute Geneva and management at MIT. Annan joined the UN in 1962, working for the World Health Organization's Geneva office. He went on to work in several capacities at the UN Headquarters including serving as the Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping between March 1992 and December 1996. He was appointed as the Secretary-General on 13 December 1996 by the Security Council, and later confirmed by the General Assembly, making him the first office holder to be elected from the UN staff itself. He was re-elected for a second term in 2001, and was succeeded as Secretary-General by Ban Ki-moon on 1 January 2007. As the Secretary-General, Annan reformed the UN bureaucracy; worked to combat HIV, especially in Africa; and launched the UN Global Compact. He was criticized for not expanding the Security Council and faced calls for resignation after an investigation into the Oil-for-Food Programme. After leaving the UN, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation in 2007 to work on international development. In 2012, Annan was the UN–Arab League Joint Special Representative forSyria, to help find a resolution to the ongoing conflictthere. Annan quit after becoming frustrated with the UN's lack of progress with regard to conflict resolution. In September 2016, Annan was appointed to lead a UN commission to investigate the Rohingya crisis. In August 2018, Annan died at a hospital in Switzerland following a short illness. António Guterres, the UN Secretary General said Kofi Annan was champion for peace and a guiding force for good. Early years and education Kofi Annan was born in the Kofandros section of Kumasi in the Gold Coast (now Ghana) on 8 April 1938. His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shared the middle name Atta, which in the Akan means 'twin'. Annan and his sister were born into one of the country's Ashanti and Fante aristocraticfamilies; both of their grandfathers and their uncle were tribal chiefs. In the Akan names tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week on which they were born, and/or in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday. Annan said that his surname rhymes with "cannon" in English. From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim school, a Methodist boarding school in Cape Coastfounded in the 1870s. Annan said that the school taught him "that suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere". In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, the Gold Coast gained independence from the UK and began using the name "Ghana". In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies in economics at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, in 1961. Annan then completed a diplôme d'études approfondies DEA degree in International Relations at The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961–62. After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a master's degree in management. Annan was fluent in English, French, Akan, some Kru languages and other African languages. In 1962, Kofi Annan started working as a Budget Officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN).[19] From 1974 to 1976, he worked as the Director of Tourism in Ghana. In 1980 he became the head of personnel for the office of the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) in Geneva. In 1983 he became the director of administrative management services of the UN Secretariat in New York. In the late 1980s, Annan was appointed as an Assistant Secretary-General of the UN in three consecutive positions: Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator (1987–1990); Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller (1990–1992); and Peacekeeping Operations (March 1993 – December 1996). When Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali established the Department of Peacekeeping Operations in 1992, Annan was appointed to the new department as Deputy to then Under Secretary-General Marrick Goulding. Annan was subsequently appointed to succeed Goulding and assumed the office of USG DPKO in March 1993. He was therefore Head of peacekeeping during the battle of Somalia and the resulting collapse of the UNOSOM II peacekeeping mission, and during the Rwandan Genocide of 1994. On 29 August 1995, while Boutros-Ghali was unreachable on an airplane, Annan instructed United Nations officials to "relinquish for a limited period of time their authority to veto air strikes in Bosnia." This move allowed NATO forces to conduct Operation Deliberate Force and made him a favorite of the United States. According to Richard Holbrooke, Annan's "gutsy performance" convinced the United States that he would be a good replacement for Boutros-Ghali. In 2003 Canadian ex-General Roméo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide. In his book Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003), General Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict, and from providing more logistical and material support. Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to provide responses to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository; such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis. In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said, "I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support." In his book Interventions: A Life in War and Peace, Annan again argued that DPKO could have made better use of the media to raise awareness of the violence in Rwanda and put pressure on governments to provide the troops necessary for an intervention. Annan explained that the events in Somalia and the collapse of the UNOSOM II mission fostered a hesitation amongst UN Member states to approve robust peacekeeping operations. As a result, when the UNAMIR mission was approved just days after the battle, the resulting force lacked the troop levels, resources and mandate to operate effectively. Annan served as Under-Secretary-General from March 1994 to October 1995. He was appointed a Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving for five months before returning to his duties as Under-Secretary-General in April 1996. Appointment In 1996, Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali ran unopposed for a second term. Although he won 14 of the 15 votes on the Security Council, he was vetoed by the United States. After four deadlocked meetings of the Security Council, Boutros-Ghali suspended his candidacy, becoming the only Secretary-General ever to be denied a second term. Annan was the leading candidate to replace him, beating Amara Essy by one vote in the first round. However, France vetoed Annan four times before finally abstaining. The UN Security Council recommended Annan on 13 December 1996. Confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly, he started his first term as Secretary-General on 1 January 1997. Due to Boutros-Ghali's overthrow, a second Annan term would give Africa the office of Secretary-General for three consecutive terms. In 2001, the Asia-Pacific Group agreed to support Annan for a second term in return for the African Group's support for an Asian Secretary-General in the 2006 selection. The Security Council recommended Annan for a second term on 27 June 2001, and the General Assembly approved his reappointment on 29 June 2001. Memoir On 4 September 2012, Annan published his memoir, Interventions: A Life in War and Peace, written with Nader Mousavizadeh. The book was described as a personal biography of global statecraft. Personal life and death In 1965, Kofi Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from an aristocratic family. Several years later they had a daughter, Ama, and later a son, Kojo. The couple separated in the late 1970s, and divorced in 1983. In 1984, Annan married Nane Maria Lagergren, a Swedish lawyer at the UN and a maternal half-niece of Raoul Wallenberg. She has a daughter, Nina, from a previous marriage. Annan died on the morning of 18 August 2018 in Bern, Switzerland, at the age of 80 after a short illness.
7734	dbpedia	3	53	https://www.macalester.edu/about/mission/history/	en	Macalester’s History	https://www.macalester.e…01/banner_lg.jpg	https://www.macalester.e…01/banner_lg.jpg	[ "https://www.macalester.edu/wp-content/themes/macalester-2020/dist/svgs/logo-white.svg", "https://www.macalester.edu/wp-content/themes/macalester-2020/dist/svgs/logo-color.svg", "https://www.macalester.edu/wp-content/themes/macalester-2020/dist/svgs/icon-menu.svg", "https://www.macalester.edu/wp-content/themes/macalester-2020/dist/svgs/icon-close.svg", "https://www.macalester.edu/wp-content/themes/macalester-2020/dist/static/images/texture-prefooter.png", "https://www.macalester.edu/wp-content/themes/macalester-2020/dist/svgs/logo-white.svg", "https://www.macalester.edu/wp-content/themes/macalester-2020/dist/svgs/logo-color.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2019-12-10T21:28:33+00:00	The Founder’s Vision. Macalester College was founded in 1874 with a commitment to making it one of the finest colleges in the country. Its founder, the Rev. Edward Duffield Neill, served as a chaplain in the Civil War and held positions in three U.S. presidential administrations. Journeying to the Minnesota Territory in 1849 to do missionary	en	/wp-content/themes/macalester-2020/dist/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png	About - At Macalester College, we’re painting a different picture of what a liberal arts education can be—one where challenging academics inspire personal, social, and intellectual growth.	https://www.macalester.edu/about/mission/history/	The Founder’s Vision. Macalester College was founded in 1874 with a commitment to making it one of the finest colleges in the country. Its founder, the Rev. Edward Duffield Neill, served as a chaplain in the Civil War and held positions in three U.S. presidential administrations. Journeying to the Minnesota Territory in 1849 to do missionary work, he founded two churches and served as the state’s first superintendent of public education and first chancellor of the University of Minnesota. Having shaped the education of the Northwest’s citizens, Neill turned to the education of its leaders. He believed that only a private college could offer both the academic quality and the values needed to prepare for leadership. He planned a college that would be equal in academic strength to the best colleges in the East. It would be Presbyterian-affiliated but nonsectarian, making it inclusive by the standards of his day. Charles Macalester, a prominent Philadelphia businessman and philanthropist, made the establishing gift by donating the Winslow House, a noted summer hotel in Minneapolis. With additional funding from the Presbyterian Church and from the new college’s trustees, Macalester opened in 1885 with five professors, six freshmen, and 52 preparatory students. Defining Excellence. In 1887, a young classical scholar named James Wallace joined the faculty—and forever changed the future—of Macalester College. Over the next 50 years, as faculty member, president, fund-raiser, donor, and role model, James Wallace helped the College define its special values and its standards of excellence. Wallace quickly established himself as a fine and demanding teacher, and he earned a national reputation for scholarship when he published two Greek textbooks that were widely used across the country. When he took on added duties as dean of the college and then as president, he dedicated himself to creating the strongest possible academic experience for Macalester students. He recruited excellent faculty members and carefully added new areas of study to the curriculum. In spite of academic success, James Wallace’s early years at Macalester were financially difficult. Gradually, his unceasing efforts built up a group of donors whose support, together with tuition from a growing student body, put the college on steady footing. By the time he rejoined the faculty in 1906, Wallace had enabled the college to pay off its debt, maintain a balanced budget, and begin to establish an endowment to offer some protection against hard times. Until shortly before his death in 1939, James Wallace taught religion, Greek, and political science. He inspired students to set high aspirations, strive for the best, and serve humanity on a global basis. His interest in world affairs intensified throughout his lifetime, and just before his 90th birthday he published a third book, this one on international peace and justice. Distinguishing Values. In the 1940s and 1950s President Charles J. Turck gave new emphasis to the college’s internationalism by recruiting foreign students, creating overseas study opportunities, and hiring faculty from diverse backgrounds. As a symbol of commitment to international harmony, he raised the United Nations flag on campus in 1950, and it has flown every day since then, just below the United States flag. Under his leadership, the college also broadened its base of community service and intensified its continuing interest in civic and national affairs. President Turck wrote a regular column in the student newspaper, often discussing social justice at home and abroad. Macalester engaged in a remarkable period of advancement throughout the 1960s. Under the leadership of President Harvey M. Rice, the college strengthened the academic credentials of its faculty, enhanced the academic program, and increased its visibility, attracting students from across the nation and around the world. A major building campaign resulted in a fine arts center and new science facilities, which were among the best in the United States. All of this was made possible by the generous gifts of many friends, led by DeWitt and Lila Wallace, founders of the Reader’s Digest and major benefactors of Macalester. Mr. Wallace, who died in 1981, was the son of President James Wallace and a member of the college’s class of 1911. Along the way, Macalester committed itself to a liberal arts curriculum and asserted five traditional and distinguishing values: involvement of students with faculty in the pursuit of learning; creation of a diverse campus community; incorporation of an international perspective in the curriculum and campus life; involvement of the college in the life of the metropolitan area; and espousal of service as a way of life. The stories of four alumni provide evidence of the historic nature of those values: Catharine Deaver Lealtad became Macalester’s first African American graduate in 1915; as a physician she spent a long career treating children affected by poverty, war, and famine around the world. Esther Torii Suzuki was admitted to Macalester in 1942, freeing her from the internment camp where her Japanese American family was placed during World War II; she became a social worker and human rights activist. Walter Mondale, who grew up in southern Minnesota, was part of the Class of 1950; he went on to become vice president of the United States, a U.S. senator, and U.S. ambassador to Japan. Kofi Annan came to Macalester from Ghana; after his 1961 graduation he began a career with the United Nations culminating in his election to the post of U.N. Secretary General and his receipt of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. Expanding Educational Opportunities. In 1968, in response to student activism, Macalester embarked on an ambitious plan to expand the educational opportunities of disadvantaged students previously underrepresented at Macalester. With the support of President Arthur Flemming, the Expanded Educational Opportunities (EEO) program was formally implemented in the 1969-1970 academic year. That year, the program brought 75 students on full scholarship to Macalester, raising the number of students of color in the incoming class to 15 percent. Prior to EEO, students of color represented 2 percent or less of the student body. While the incoming class was mostly black, the EEO also focused on recruiting Native American, Puerto Rican, and Mexican-American students (these were the terms used by EEO at that time), and white students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. When significant cuts to the program were announced in 1974, student protesters occupied the business office for 12 days, winning a short-lived compromise. Over its 15-year history, the EEO program changed student demographics, and increased awareness about issues of race, forever changing Macalester’s campus and culture. Those given EEO scholarships have gone on to prominent positions in their respective communities in the areas of business, education, politics, medicine and community activism. Unprecedented Strength. The 1990s were another period of significant advancement for Macalester. In 1991, the college’s endowment became significantly stronger than it had been, enabling Macalester to pursue its high ideals with renewed vision and confidence. The college increased the number of faculty positions, adding new depth and more broadly diverse perspectives to the educational program. The improved student-faculty ratio also made possible more flexible and personalized teaching approaches, including significant enhancement of an already strong emphasis on faculty-student collaborative research and writing. The college also increased international study opportunities for students and faculty and strengthened co-curricular programs from athletics to residential life to community service. Through a comprehensive campus improvement program, virtually every academic and residential building on campus was renovated, as were the athletic facilities. Extensive renovation of the science facilities, which merged two buildings into the Olin-Rice Science Center, was completed in 1997. George Draper Dayton residence hall opened in 1998, the Ruth Stricker Dayton Campus Center in 2001, and the renovated Kagin Commons student services building in 2002. A comprehensive fund-raising campaign completed in 2000 raised $55.3 million to help support some of those building projects as well as scholarship funds, student-faculty research stipends, academic programs, and annual operations. The college entered the 21st century with a planning process that reaffirmed its core values and key strengths. In Fall 2005, President Brian C. Rosenberg issued a vision statement that calls upon Macalester to respond to the world’s complex challenges with renewed academic strength and with a commitment to global citizenship on the part of the college and its graduates. Global citizenship begins with responsible and reflective local engagement that transcends parochial concerns and regards all human beings as fellow citizens. Macalester’s Institute for Global Citizenship, created in 2005, serves as a catalyst for strengthening programs by which students connect academic study with off-campus applications through internships and service-learning opportunities both in the United States and abroad, and programs by which students explore ways to engage some of the world’s most challenging issues through their chosen professions. In fall 2008 Macalester publicly launched a $150 million campaign to raise funds for scholarships, faculty support, program enhancement, operating support, and new facilities. By the campaign’s conclusion in December 2011, the college had surpassed that goal by raising over $156 million. Many of the campaign’s milestones are visible on campus: the Leonard Center athletic and wellness complex, Markim Hall (home to the Institute for Global Citizenship), and the first stage of the Janet Wallace Fine Arts Center’s renovation and expansion, which created a central commons and state-of-the-art spaces for music at Macalester. In 2012, the Music building opened, followed in 2014 by the Joan Adams Mondale Hall of Studio Art. In the fall of 2018, the college launched a $100 million campaign focused on access and excellence, which included the completion of the Janet Wallace Fine Arts Center renovation with the opening of the new Theater and Dance building in February of 2019. With the help of financial support from its alumni and friends, Macalester continues the traditions begun by its founders and carried forward throughout its history: providing an education of uncompromising academic quality to talented students from a wide range of social and cultural backgrounds and preparing them to make a significant and positive difference in the world. Past Presidents of Macalester College The Rev. Edward Duffield Neill,* D.D., 1874-1884 The Rev. Thomas A. McCurdy,* D.D., 1884-1890 The Rev. David James Burrell,* D.D., 1890-1891 The Rev. Adam Weir Ringland,* D.D., 1892-1894 James Wallace,* Ph.D., LL.D., D.D., 1894-1906 Thomas Morey Hodgman,* LL.D., 1907-1917 The Rev. Elmer Allen Bess,* D.D., 1918-1923 John Carey Acheson,* A.M., LL.D., 1924-1937 Charles Joseph Turck,* A.M., LL.B., LL.D., 1939-1958 Harvey Mitchell Rice,* A.M., Ph.D., L.H.D., LL.D., 1958-1968 Arthur S. Flemming,* A.B., M.A., J.D., 1968-1971 James A. Robinson,* A.A., A.B., M.A., Ph.D., 1971-1975 John B. Davis, Jr.,* B.A., M.Ed., E.Ed., LL.D., 1975-1984 Robert M. Gavin, Jr., B.A., Ph.D., 1984-1996 Michael S. McPherson, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., 1996-2003 Brian C. Rosenberg, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., 2003-2020 *Deceased
7734	dbpedia	0	51	https://csu.global/about/	en	Consortium for Sustainable Urbanization • About Us	https://csu.global/wp-co…ed-fav-32x32.png	https://csu.global/wp-co…ed-fav-32x32.png	[ "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/About-1000x400.jpg", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Rick-Bell.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/P-Lance.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Antonieta_Castro-Cosio_PhD.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/P-Alice.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Danei_Cesario_01.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/LudivineCornille_1.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Axumite_Gebre_Egziabher.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Untitled-design-7.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Nicholas-Hamilton.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Untitled-design-6.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Gizem_Karagoz_1.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Sulan.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/HS_CSU4.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/THEODOORE_LIEBMAN.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/HS_CSU.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/HS_CSU2.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/P-Gernot-Riether.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Mariana-frame.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/AnnaRubbo.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/EMMANUELL_C_SLOSSBERG_1.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Circle-1.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Yurtseven2.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/20211009_132506-2.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/CSU-2.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Pankti_Dalal_01.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/ChitraMamidela_headshot-e1683303176620.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/HS_CSU3.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Headshots5.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/James-McCullar.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Gauchat.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Ghazaleh-1.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Michael_Adlerstein.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bee2.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/VincentBoudreau_BIOphoto.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Frances_Bronet.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Castillo.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Patrizio_M_Civili.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Willis_S_DeLaCour_Jr-1.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Serpil_Guran.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Untitled-design-1.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Khan.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Maxinne.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/FeniokyPena-1.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Michal_Mlynar.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/DonCI_Okpala_PhD.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/AmjadUmar_PhD_.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Williamson-1.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Erich-Winkler-2.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Wright-2.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/themes/csu/images/logo-un-habitat.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/themes/csu/images/logo-TAG.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/themes/csu/images/logo-AIA-NY-logo.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/themes/csu/images/logo-NGONY.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/themes/csu/images/logo-GUD.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/themes/csu/images/logo-uclg.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/themes/csu/images/logo-CBIPS.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/themes/csu/images/logo-CSUD.png", "https://csu.global/wp-content/themes/csu/images/logo-UC.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Consortium for Sustainable Urbanization	en	https://csu.global/wp-co…ed-fav-32x32.png		https://csu.global/about/	Rick Bell Immediate Past President Fredric (Rick) Bell is Adjunct Associate Professor at Columbia University where he also serves as Deputy Director of the Center for Buildings, Infrastructure and Public Space. He has also taught at the New Jersey Institute of Technology in Newark. Rick is a registered architect in New York and New Jersey and previously served as Executive Director of Design and Construction Excellence at the New York City Department of Design and Construction. At DDC he was also Chief Architect and Assistant Commissioner of Architecture and Engineering. On leave from DDC, Rick served as Executive Director of the New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects where he helped establish and animate the Center for Architecture on LaGuardia Place. After architectural studies at Yale and Columbia, he worked in offices in New York, France, and Switzerland. He has been an invited member of many juries at architecture schools in the US and for many architectural design competitions. A frequent lecturer at AIA, UIA, and other design conferences, he was on the advisory board of the inaugural NYC Architecture Biennial in 2020. Apart from his role on the CSU executive committee, Rick currently serves on the board of the Creative Exchange Lab and is a Commissioner of the Summit Environmental Commission. He is a member of the AIA, the Architectural League, the Urban Design Forum, and nycoba\|NOMA. A Fellow of the AIA, Rick is also a Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, conferred by the French Ministry of Culture and Communication. Lance Jay Brown Founder Lance Jay Brown is President and founding Board Member of the Consortium for Sustainable Urbanization (UN NGO). Born in Brooklyn, Brown previously taught at Princeton, was educated at the Cooper Union and Harvard University. He is a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (FAIA) and former Chair and Director of the Spitzer School of Architecture, City University. He was 2014 President of the AIA New York Chapter, holds the title of Distinguished Professor for Life Emeritus from the Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture (ACSA), and received the coveted AIA/ACSA Topaz Medallion for Excellence in Architectural Education. He co-founded the AIA Design for Risk and Reconstruction Committee. He was a UN-HABITAT III Policy Unit 8 member and 2016 Quito presenter. Prof. Brown was a two-term Board Member of the Beverly Willis Architectural Foundation and a founding Advisory Board Member of both the NYC Architecture Biennial and International Nighttime Design Initiative. He holds an M.Arch and M.UD from Harvard and was a Paris Fulbright Fellow. Publications include: Beyond Zuccotti Park: Freedom of Assembly and the Occupation of Public Space; The Legacy Project: New Housing New York; Urban Design for an Urban Century, co-authored ed I and II. He presented at the UN World Habitat Forums 5,7.9, and 10 and consults, teaches, and lectures nationally and internationally. Antonieta Castro-Cosío Board Member Born and raised in Guadalajara, Mexico, Dr. Castro-Cosío is a Senior Behavioral Researcher at Duke University’s Center for Advanced Hindsight, at its Common Cents Lab. She is also an Urban Design Forum Fellow, board of the Urban Resilience Research Network, and a board member at CSU. She spent almost ten years in New York City, first pursuing her doctoral degree looking at ways that low- and moderate-income urban communities respond to financial challenges using ‘informal’ financial mechanisms, and later as a Research Associate at the policy evaluation firm, MDRC, and as a consultant for a private investment firm. Prior to that, she set up and managed a sustainable development cooperation program at the British Embassy in Mexico City. She holds a PhD. in Public and Urban Policy from the New School for Social Research and MSc. in Development Management from the London School of Economics and Political Science. Aliye P. Çelik Chair & Founder Aliye Pekin Çelik, PhD, is a past President of the Consortium for Sustainable Urbanization. Prior to founding the CSU, Ms. Çelik was instrumental in establishing innovative participatory mechanisms to build alliances addressing some of the world’s most pressing concerns in developing countries as the Chief of Economic, Social and Inter-organizational Cooperation Branch, UNDESA. She started the book series on the High Level Segment of Economic and Social Council, and worked on the Ad Hoc Advisory Group on Countries Emerging from Conflicts. As the Head of New York office of UN-HABITAT, she directed preparations for the HABITAT II Conference in Istanbul, Turkey in 1996. She served UN-HABITAT Nairobi and New York, working on building technologies, sustainable urbanization, energy, and gender issues. As a principal researcher in the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, Building Research Institute, and the Ministry of Construction and Resettlement and adviser to the State Planning Department, she worked on energy conservation and affordable housing. She has degrees in architecture from Middle East Technical University, Princeton University, and a PhD from Istanbul Technical University. Çelik was a Fulbright Scholar and received numerous awards from OECD (1972), Princeton University (1979), AIANY (2009, 1997, 1970), and Soroptimist International NYC (2005), where she served as President from 2008 to 2010. Danei Cesario Board Member Danei is the 333rd Black woman in American history to earn her architectural license. She is an internationally licensed architect, project manager, and public speaker. She is currently an Associate at SOM, leading dynamic mixed-use development, healthcare, and wellness projects. Her aptitude for managing the execution of multifaceted healthcare projects has led to broad system-wide improvements, as well as highly detailed technical spaces. Danei’s passion for architecture and advocacy has led her to becoming a champion for design professionals and a sought-after speaker. Her experience working in diverse, global environments has yielded speaking engagements at numerous conferences and private sector events, including the United Nations, SXSW, Royal Institute of British Architects, AIA National Conference and the New York Building Congress. She served as Chair of AIA New York’s Diversity & Inclusion Committee for over five years. She currently serves on the AIA New York State Board and as a contributor/ ambassador to national and international organizations such as the United Nations, the Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation, Parlour, Stephen Lawrence Charitable Trust and nycobaNOMA Executive Board. As a core member of these groups, Danei is dedicated to fostering Mentorship, Sponsorship and Leadership among the diverse design community as they navigate their careers within architecture and beyond. She founded WALLEN + daub to expand on these principles. Ludivine Cornille Board Member Ludivine Cornille is a French Registered Architect (DPLG), Urban Designer and Scenographer. She had most recently been developing global initiatives for the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). Previously she was the focal point for local and territorial governments at UN-Habitat New York Office. In such capacity, she advocated for the SDG 11 and the localization of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Previously she had been working for the Urban Finance Branch of UN-Habitat in Nairobi and for the National Institute of Housing in Mexico City. In 2001 she established her own firm in Paris and has worked throughout her career with several Architecture and Design offices on projects in more than 10 countries. She holds a Master in Architecture with a specialization in Urban Planning and Sustainable Development, a postgraduate degree in Participative Construction in Latin American Cities from the National School of Architecture Paris-La Villette, and a dual certificate (BA Arts) in Theatre and Cinema Scenography, and Interior Architecture and Design. She was honored with the Besnard de Quelen architecture award from the National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts of France (CNAM) for her Master thesis and project about the urban development of the Mexican Caribbean coastline. Axumite Gebre-Egziabher Board Member Axumite Gebre-Egziabher is a Steering Committee Member and senior adviser at New World Programme, Global Water Challenge, Ethiopia. With over thirty-five years proven track record of leadership, management, and normative and operational experience in the United Nations, the private sector and government. Axumite has held senior level leadership positions and has significant experience in sustainable urban development and housing, including: policy and strategy formulation; strategic planning and co-ordination; technical cooperation in programme/project design, development, monitoring and evaluation; resource mobilization; designing and conducting policy and action-oriented research. Before Global water Challenge, Axumite worked for UNHabitat as the Regional Director for Africa, Director, Global Division Director NY Office. Prior to joining UN Habitat, she worked for the Ethiopian Civil service in the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing, Addis Ababa. Axumit got her PhD at UCL and a Master’s degree at Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu; and her Bachelor’s Degree in Addis Ababa University. Festival Godwin Boateng Board Member Festival Godwin Boateng is a political economist. His research interests are diverse and focus on engaged scholarship at the intersection of transport, housing, land use, pollution, climate, technology, urban governance, and policy. He is an Adjunct Professor at the Department of Urban Policy and Planning, Hunter College and a former postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Center for Sustainable Urban Development of Columbia University Climate School. Festival completed his PhD at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne-Australia. He also holds degrees from Roskilde University, Copenhagen-Denmark and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi-Ghana. His publications have appeared in journals like World Development, Habitat International, Journal of Transport and Land Use and Nature: Humanities and Social Sciences Communications (formerly Palgrave Communications). Festival also actively engages in the public realm, translating and circulating research outputs on traditional and social media and other public-facing platforms; participating in media discussions and public speaking events with the view to using research to affect policy and practice. Nicholas Hamilton President Nicholas Hamilton is Public Policy Lead with Good City Company, where he works closely with public sector clients on complex housing, land use, and policy initiatives. Drawing upon experience in housing and architecture, recent projects include leading the development of long-range housing plans and drafting form-based codes. He recently co-taught "Housing and the Global City" at Hunter College CUNY with fellow CSU Board Member Festival Godwin Boateng. Nicholas Hamilton is an urbanist experienced in launching and leading a diverse set of urban equity and sustainability initiatives, from a national network to revitalize America’s legacy cities to founding the NYC-Metro Urban Sustainability Meetup. Through his previous work with the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, and as Director of Urban Policy at Columbia University’s The American Assembly he established multiple collaborative community revitalization initiatives including the Legacy Cities Partnership and Middle Neighborhoods Initiative. He holds a Master of International Affairs from Columbia University SIPA and Bachelors from the University of California, Berkeley CED, where he studied Architecture, Planning, and Environmental Design in Developing Countries. Jhaelen Hernandez-Eli VP, Fundraising & Gala Jhaelen is a member of The Metropolitan Museum of Art’s executive leadership. As Vice President, he is responsible for the institution’s ambitious $2 billion capital projects program which encompasses the planning, architecture and construction of the museum's permanent galleries and wings, work spaces, and physical infrastructure that span over 2 million square feet and twenty-two buildings. His career is dedicated to wielding architecture and the built environment as both transformative works of art and catalysts for cultural and socioeconomic progress. Jhaelen has commissioned and collaborated with leading progressive artists/architects including Frida Escobedo, Nader Tehrani of NADAAA, Florian Idenburg and Jing Liu of SO-IL, Kulapat Yantrasast of wHY, Bjarke Ingels Group, and Mimi Hoang and Eric Bunge of nARCHITECTS, among many others. Prior to his tenure at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Jhaelen was Senior Vice President and Head of Design and Construction at the New York City Economic Development Corporation, overseeing the development of cultural, industrial, commercial and maritime assets across the five boroughs. Before serving New York City, Jhaelen was Associate Principal at Diller Scofidio + Renfro. He received a Master of Architecture degree from Harvard University and a Bachelor of Arts degree in architecture from the University of California at Berkeley. Gizem Karagoz Board Member Gizem Karagoz is a graduate student at Columbia University GSAPP pursuing a Masters of Architecture and Masters of Science in Urban Planning. Her research explores questions of informality, equity and resiliency in the built environment, with a focus on developing participatory design and planning strategies. Her previous research spans across scales, including a climate vulnerability analysis of New York City census tracts based on environmental and social risk factors, as well as, examining the links between labor, architecture and global networks with the Who Builds Your Architecture (WBYA?) coalition. She has also contributed to a UN-Habitat publication aimed to assist municipal governments with developing accessible, equitable and sustainable public space strategies. Prior to graduate school, Gizem worked with several New York based architecture practices including Bernard Tschumi Architects and GRO Architects. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in Architecture and Environmental Science from Barnard College, and currently serves as a Youth Representative for CSU. Şulan Kolatan VP, Youth & UN Şulan Kolatan is the principal and a co-founder of KOL/MAC Architecture + Design. Her transdisciplinary research, for which she received a 2021-22 National Science Foundation Award, focuses on enhancing socio-ecological coastline resilience through the application of advanced digital design and green materials. Ms. Kolatan is a Professor of Architecture at Pratt Institute School of Architecture, Graduate Architecture and Urban Design (GAUD). Ms. Kolatan holds a Dipl.-Ing. Arch. degree from the Rheinisch -Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, and a Master of Science degree in Architecture and Building Design from Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture (GSAPP). She has taught at many prominent schools of architecture as a visiting professor or visiting Chair, including Columbia University, University of Pennsylvania, Cornell University, TU Darmstadt, and SCI-Arc. Her work is in the permanent collections of many international institutions, most notably, the MoMA New York (USA); the Canadian Centre for Architecture Montreal (Canada); and the Centre Georges Pompidou Paris (France). She has received numerous awards and honors, including the 40under40 award, representation in the US National Pavilion at the International Architecture Biennale Venice (2004), and nominations to two European environmental awards: INDEX (Denmark, 2009) and Zumtobel Group Award for Sustainability and Humanity in the Built Environment (Austria, 2008). She has served as a distinguished jury member for the Mayor’s Office on competitions such as the Camlica Digital Broadcasting Tower Istanbul and continues to be involved in international projects. Theodore Liebman Board Member Theodore Liebman, FAIA, is a Principal at Perkins Eastman and a leading expert in the planning and design of large-scale urban housing and mixed-use projects. Over the past 50 years, Liebman focused on issues of housing, lifestyle, and culture in the urban environment. He was Chief of Architecture at the New York State Urban Development Corporation (1971-75) and Chief of Architecture for Roosevelt Island (1973-75). From 1975-77, he was architectural/urban design advisor to the Harvard Institute for International Development in Tehran, Iran. He was a founding partner of The Liebman Melting Partnership (TLMP), focusing on affordable housing and neighborhood development until 2007. Liebman served as 1984 President of the AIA NY Chapter, received the Andrew J. Thomas Pioneer in Housing Award (1988), and gave the Ratensky Lecture ( 2005), honoring individuals who made significant lifetime contributions for advancement of housing and community design. He is Adjunct Professor at NYU’s Urban Design/ Architecture Studies program; lectured extensively and served on architectural juries in the United States, Europe, Asia, Africa and South America. He received a B.Arch. Pratt Institute, M.Arch. Harvard University GSD, the Rome Prize Fellowship in Architecture; and the Wheelwright Travelling Fellowship in Architecture from Harvard. Liebman attended Habitat I & II and represented CSU at Habitat III Liz Nebiolo VP, Communications Liz Nebiolo is a brand consultant with over 17 years experience in full-service marketing and creative agencies across social, lifestyle, entertainment, fashion, cosmetics, culture, consumption, education, architecture, and pharmaceutical sectors. She is a graduate of the School of Visual Arts and past professional experience includes positions held at Davis Brody Bond, That's Nice, and Lenom Branding. In 2022 she led the rebranding initiative of CSU and worked with the board to produce an ID system that communicates the brand's moral compass to not only link purpose, but also intangible needs. Naomi Parekh VP, Membership & Governance Naomi Parekh (she/her), a native of Massachusetts, worked in the United Nations system for 9 years where she focused on the political prioritization of Sustainable Development Goals 3, 4, 6, and 11. During her career at the UN, Naomi managed protocol and curated communications campaigns for high-level meetings around the world and several events during the United Nations General Assembly and High-level Political Forum. She also served as an Advisor to the President of the 71st session of the UN General Assembly. Prior to working for the UN, Naomi completed a practicum at the Pan American Health Organization where she contributed to the technical reference document Human Security: Implications for Public Health. Naomi also worked at the Fulbright Association as Senior Director, Membership Development, where she advocated to members of the United States Congress for an increase in federal funding for international education and exchange programs. She was a Fulbright fellow in Jamaica and holds a Master’s degree in Sustainable Development and International Policy Management and a Bachelor’s degree in Anthropology. Naomi has been an active volunteer for over 30 years raising funds to support abandoned children in areas of Latin America, the Caribbean and Africa. During her free time, Naomi enjoys skiing, hiking, farmer’s markets, and trying to keep her houseplants alive. Gernot Riether Board Member Gernot Riether is the Director of the School of Architecture and Associate Professor at the College of Architecture and Design at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT). He serves on the Board of Directors at ACADIA, Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture. Riether previously taught at Kennesaw State University, Ball State University, ENSA Paris La Villette, Georgia Tech, NYIT and Barnard College at Columbia University and is lecturing internationally. In his research he and his students are testing new novel computer controlled fabrication and manufacturing methods. Projects from his Digital Design Build Studio won architecture competitions, were presented at international venues such as the Centre Pompidou in Paris, were featured in books on digital design and fabrication and were published in prominent publications such as Architectural Record and DETAIL. Riether’s research studio has been funded by the AIA, the Austrian government, non-profit organizations such as MainX24, material fabricators, the construction industry and universities. His forthcoming book, Urban Machines, co-authored with Associate Professor Marcella Del Signore, explores the relationship between public urban spaces and information technology. Riether received a DI from the University of Innsbruck, Austria and a MS from Columbia University. Anna Rubbo Board Member Prior to joining the Center for Sustainable Urban Development (CSUD) in the Climate School, Columbia University, Anna Rubbo, LFAIA, taught Architecture at the University of Sydney. A member of the UN Millennium Project Task Force (2002-04) on Improving the Lives of Slum Dwellers, she went on to lead the Global Studio (2005-12), an action research project with a social justice agenda to promote a ‘people as partners’ model for urban professionals. In 2012 she headed up People Building Better Cities, an exhibition shown in 18 cities and 10 countries to encourage debate on inclusive urbanization. Her recent project, the Local Project Challenge, profiles 111 SDGs oriented projects from the professions, education, and civil society. A member of the UIA23 Scientific Committee, and co-chair of ‘Design for Resilient Communities’ she is also an advisor to U-T Dublin on their new sustainability curricula. Publications cover design education, women in development, the SDGs and the design professions, and pioneering architect Marion Mahony Griffin. A co-founder of the journal Architectural Theory Review, she has been a regular presenter at the World Urban Forum since 2006. Recognition includes: Vassilis Sgoutas Prize mention for humanitarian work in education (2014); Australian Architectural Education Award (2011); 2009 Skandalaris Award for Entrepreneurship in Design; Marion Mahony Griffin Prize (2006). Emmanuelle C. Slossberg Board Member As Vice President of Marketing, Emmanuelle is responsible for developing and driving the strategies, tools and communications needed to effectively convey the core values and principles of The Durst Organization’s brand in support of its business objectives. Emmanuelle has more than 20 years of experience in all aspects of new business strategy and marketing management, including branding, public relations, innovation, architecture, and real estate development. Prior to joining The Durst Organization, Emmanuelle served as a Principal and the Director of Strategy for CetraRuddy Architecture, where she led the 100-person, award-winning firm’s growth trajectory into new markets. Emmanuelle was also previously Vice President at The Seventh Art creative agency, where was responsible for marketing The Durst Organization’s One Bryant Park, among other high-profile luxury and sustainable real estate and hospitality projects. Emmanuelle holds a Master in Architecture degree from the University of Pennsylvania, a Bachelor of Arts from Wesleyan University, is a LEED accredited professional, is fluent in five languages, and has taught International Marketing at Parson’s School of Design in New York. She is currently on the Urban Land Institute’s (ULI) NY Management Committee as the Vice Chair of Membership after co-chairing the ULI’s Women’s Leadership Initiative Membership Subcommittee. She also sits on the Board of the Consortium for Sustainable Urbanization, an organization affiliated with UN Habitat, which promotes a better understanding of the role of sustainable urbanization and resilient design. Chris Williams Board Member As CEO of Safe Water Network, Chris oversees the global operation from New York, drawing upon extensive experience in the development sector, having spent many years based in Africa. Prior to joining Safe Water Network, Chris served as the Executive Director of the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council as well as in other senior positions at UN-Habitat in financing, political affairs, policy advocacy, and applied research. Prior to joining the United Nations, Chris worked in cities in East Africa and the United States promoting community economic development. Chris holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from the Graduate Faculty of Social and Political Science at the New School for Social Research, an M.A. in Public Policy Studies from the Harris School at the University of Chicago, and a B.A. in Economics from Tufts University. H. Oner Yurtseven Treasurer H. Oner Yurtseven, PhD, is Professor Emeritus of Electrical and Computer Engineering. He served as Director, Department Chair, Associate Dean and Dean at the Purdue School of Engineering and Technology at IUPUI before retiring in 2011. His areas of expertise are engineering and technology education, engineering accreditation, international engineering education, robotics, and renewable photovoltaic energy. He served as consultant for a number of United Nations Development Program projects; and held academic and administrative positions at The Middle East Technical University, Indiana University, and Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). For two years, he was Provost of the Indiana University- Tenaga Nasional Berhad Cooperative Program, which initiated US model engineering programs in Malaysia. He currently serves as board member for Electricore, director/board member for EarthSolar Technologies Corporation, and engineering program evaluator for Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). He received BS in Electrical Engineering from the Middle East Technical University, Turkey, and PhD in Electrical Engineering from the John Hopkins University in Baltimore where he was a Fulbright Scholar. He also worked as a member of the technical staff for the Computer Science Corporation at NASA Goddard Space Center, Maryland. H.E. Talal Abu Ghazaleh Chair Talal Abu Ghazaleh is the chairman and founder of the Jordan-based international organization, Talal Abu-Ghazaleh Organization (TAG-Org). He has been called the godfather of Arab accounting and been credited with promoting the importance of Intellectual Property in the Arab region. Dr. Abu-Ghazaleh designed and produced TAGI TOP – a top of the line laptop with the portability of a netbook. His Knowledge Society is one of the foremost initiatives by HE Senator Talal Abu-Ghazaleh that empowers young Arabs under the TAG-Org’s corporate responsibility. He has published multiple dictionaries: Abu-Ghazaleh ICT Directory (2008), The Abu-Ghazaleh Accountancy & Business Dictionary (2001), The Abu-Ghazaleh IP Dictionary (2000), and The Abu-Ghazaleh English-Arabic Dictionary of Accounting (1975). Dr. Abu-Ghazaleh has received many honors, including: Social responsibility awards launched by CSR Regional Network for his work in social initiatives (Kingdom of Bahrain, 2014), Man of the Year Award from Palestine International Institute (Amman, 2012), Honorary Award from the Arab Federation for the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights (Jordan, 2009), The International Lifetime Achievement Award (Dubai, 2008), IP Hall of Fame Inductee in the IP Hall of Fame Academy (Chicago, USA, 2007), Honorary Doctor of humane Letters (Canisius College, New York, 1988), Decoration of the Republic of Tunisia (1985), Chevalier de la Legion d’honneur (France, 1985), etc. Besides being the chair of the Honorary Council Members of the Consortium of Sustainable Development, Dr. Abu-Ghazaleh has been chair of Global Alliance for ICT and Development (2009-2010), Vice Chairman Board of Directors of UN Global Compact (2007-2008), Vice Chair of the UN Information and Communication Technologies Task Force (2001-2004), and many others. Michael Adlerstein In 2007, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon appointed Mr. Adlerstein, FAIA as the Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations for the $2 billion renovation of the UN Headquarters in New York, the Capital Master Plan. The major goals of the project were to improve sustainability, enhance blast security, and to incorporate state of the art technology into the preservation of the iconic historic compound. From advanced planning through construction, his core UN team, assisted by consultants and advisors, renovated all the facilities while the UN never lost a day of work. To achieve this, over 10,000 staff including dozens of high-level officials, a major data centre, the General Assembly Hall and 18 other major conference rooms were moved out of the compound to swing space and then back, in several phases. The project was completed in 2015, on schedule and within 4% of its original budget. Previously, Mr. Adlerstein served as the Chief Historical Architect for the National Park Service. During his National Park Service career, he was the Project Director for the restoration of Ellis Island and the Statue of Liberty and managed many complex partnership projects, including Gettysburg, Valley Forge, Acadia and Jamestown. He participated with the US State Department on many international preservation consultancies including the Taj Mahal in India. He currently teaches Sustainable Retrofits at Columbia University. Carmi Bee Carmi Bee, FAIA, has been deeply involved in planning and architectural research, beginning with his early work at Princeton and continuing as a consultant to several major firms. He has been with RKTB since 1981. Mr. Bee has been committed to investigating the problem of urban building in all forms. He has produced innovative designs for a wide range of building types, including new, renovated and restored residential buildings, retail spaces, offices, educational and performance facilities. In 2001 he designed a ground-breaking infill prototype for affordable housing which is aimed at filling vacant lots scattered throughout the city’s residential neighborhoods. Known as “Smart Housing,” this concept has been successfully applied to a number of projects in New York City and can serve as a model in other cities, as well. These include the Msgr. Anthony J. Barretta Apartments, Madison Putnam Housing, Maynard Co-Ops and Prospect Gardens. Other notable projects include additions to P.S. 29Q and P.S. 70Q, the new PS/IS 338X, School for the Physical City, South Orange Performing Arts Center, FDNY Engine Company 201, the infill addition to New York Methodist Hospital, the Norma Kamali Building, Turtle Bay Residences, River Rose Residences in Battery Park City (with Charles Moore), The Memphis Residences and City Center Theater. Vincent Boudreau Vincent Boudreau was appointed President of The City College of New York by the Board of Trustees of The City University of New York on December 4, 2017. Vincent has served as Interim President of CCNY since November 2016. Prior to that appointment, Vincent was inaugural dean of the Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership at CCNY since 2013. He was previously director of the Colin Powell Center for Leadership and Service from 2002 through 2013.” at CCNY, and is a professor of political science at City College and a member of the City University of New York graduate faculty. A specialist in the politics of social movements, particularly in Southeast Asia, his latest book is Resisting Dictatorship: Repression and Protest in Southeast Asia (Cambridge University Press) He also conducts research about government transitions to democracy, collective violence, and the relationship between civil society, social movements, and democratization processes in Indonesia and the Philippines. He is the academic adviser to the International Development Program at the City University of Hong Kong. At City College, Dr. Boudreau has served as the director of the M.A. Program in International Relations, the chair of the Department of Political Science, the director of the International Studies Program, and the deputy dean of the Division of Social Science. In addition to his academic work, he has undertaken projects with ActionAid Asia, Jubilee South Asia, and The Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement, and has consulted for Oxfam Asia, Action of Economic Reform (Philippines), and Freedom House. Dr. Boudreau received his Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1991. Frances Bronet Frances Bronet is president of Pratt Institute in New York City. An educator and leader at the forefront of interdisciplinary learning, Bronet previously served as senior vice president and provost at Illinois Institute of Technology; acting provost and dean of the School of Architecture and Allied Arts of the University of Oregon; and architecture professor, associate dean, and acting dean at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Her extensively funded work on multidisciplinary design curricula—from architecture and engineering to dance and fine arts, coupled with her own action-based installations with internationally acclaimed artists—have been highly recognized. Bronet holds architecture and engineering professional degrees from McGill University; she received her graduate degree from Columbia University. She was licensed by the Quebec Ordre des Architectes, and has practiced in multiple award-winning offices in New York and Canada, including her own in Montreal. Margaret O’Donoghue Castillo Margaret O’Donoghue Castillo, AIA, LEED AP, is Chief Architect of New York City as appointed by the NYC Department of Design & Construction. She is past president of the AIA New York Chapter, and was a principal at Helpern Architects in New York City. Under the theme of Design for a Change, she led the chapter in collaborations with the Mayor’s Office of Long-term Planning & Sustainability, the Department of Buildings, and the AIANY Chapter Committee on the Environment to create programs to educate architects and the public on sustainable building design. The theme recognizes the essential, now unavoidable shifts in the way buildings and neighborhoods are created where each decision has an impact on our health, our safety, and the environment. In 2010 she presented New York City’s PlaNYC at the World Urban Forum 5 in Rio as a member of the Consortium for Sustainable Urbanization. At Helpern she is the lead architect for restoration projects that combine sustainability with historic preservation. She has lectured extensively and her projects have been featured in numerous professional publications. Margaret has emerged as a spokesperson for the New York architectural community. Margaret has been involved with AIANY for many years, as chair of Historic Buildings Committee from 2004 to 2008, and the 2009 Vice President for Public Outreach. She received a BA from Boston College and a MArch from Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design. Patrizio M. Civili Patrizio M. Civili is currently Special Advisor to the Director General of the International Development Law Organization (IDLO) after serving as IDLO’s Permanent Observer to the United Nations in New York from 2007 to 2020. From 1998 to 2007 he was Assistant Secretary-General for Policy Coordination and Interagency Affairs in the UN Department for Economic and Social Affairs, acting simultaneously as Secretary of the Chief Executives’ Board (CEB) which comprises, under the chairmanship of the UN Secretary-General, the Executive Heads of all Specialized Agencies and UN Programs and Funds. Mr. Civili joined the UN Secretariat in New York in 1969. Serving under 5 successive UN Secretaries-General, he held a number of senior positions concerned with economic cooperation, policy coordination, and institutional affairs in Port of Spain for ECLAC, and in New York and Geneva including: in the Office of the Director-General for Development and International Economic Cooperation; as Chief of the Office of the Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs; management Director and senior member in the cabinet of the Secretary-General of UNCTAD; and Director in the Executive Offices of Secretaries-General Boutros Boutros Ghali and Kofi Annan. Mr. Civili holds a degree of doctor in Political Science from the University of Rome, with specialization in Comparative Constitutional Law, and an MA in Comparative Government from the University of Washington in Seattle. He has also attended Gonzaga University in Spokane Wash. And Johns Hopkins University (SAIS) in Bologna. In 2014, Mr. Civili was awarded the title of ‘Commendatore’ of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic. Willis S. DeLaCour Jr. Willis S. DeLaCour Jr. is a partner of DeLaCour, Ferrara & Church Architects His architectural degrees include Columbia University, Master of Architecture, 1970, Pratt Institute, Bachelor of Architecture, 1969, Fulbright Fellowship, Turkey, 1968 Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, Bachelor of Architecture, 1968, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, Bachelor of Arts, 1965. Mr. DeLaCour has practiced as a principal in architectural firms. His firm has overseen the design and completion of a series of multi-family housing developments in Manhattan, the Bronx. He was the Co-Chairman 2003-2011 - Housing Committee and Former Chairman - Historic Buildings Committee - 1981-1985, He received many awards including American Institute of Architects - New York Chapter AWARDS 2003 Vice Presidential Citation to The Affordable Housing Task Force. Serpil Guran Dr. Serpil Guran is the Director of Rutgers EcoComplex “Clean Energy Innovation Center”. She also manages the new EcoIgnite: Clean Technology Proof of Concept Center and Accelerator” program. Her responsibilities include management of the EcoComplex operations, programs, business incubator and facilities, as well as providing vision and leadership in establishing the EcoComplex as a center for the commercialization of environmental and clean energy technologies. She also teaches at Rutgers University’s Plant Biology Program and Department of Resource Economics. Dr. Guran is trained on thermochemical conversion (pyrolysis and gasification) of biomass and waste materials for production of fuels and chemicals. She obtained her Ph.D. degree in Fuel and Energy Engineering program at The University of Leeds /United Kingdom. She specializes in research, development and assessment of sustainable biofuel and waste recycling technologies, and life cycle analysis of clean energy systems and alternative fuel production systems. Currently, she is working on Food-Energy-Water Nexus and Waste synergy by promoting integration of waste materials into Circular Carbon Economy in achieving Environmental Sustainability including Climate Change mitigation, Economic Sustainability and Social Justice. J. Robert Hillier FAIA, LHD J. Robert Hillier (Bob) is one of the leading and most highly-respected architects in the United States. He is perhaps best known for having built one of the largest and most successful architecture firms in the world. Mr. Hillier is distinguished for his design, for his business acumen, and for his contributions to the field of architecture as a practitioner and educator. Hillier enjoyed exhilarating career growing the firm to 500 people and executing nearly 4,000 projects in 27 U.S. States and 34 Foreign Countries. The quality of the firm’s work has been honored by over 350 design awards. In 2008, Hillier Architecture, then one of the largest firms in the country, merged with a foreign firm to create the 3rd largest architectural firm worldwide. Studio Hillier, the firm’s current iteration, was formed in 2012. In 2019, NJIT’s College of Architecture and Design was renamed the J. Robert and Barbara A. Hillier College of Architecture and Design. Bob has been on the core faculty of Princeton University’s School of Architecture since 1992 where he teaches two graduate seminars. He has served on the AIA National Fellowship Jury and as Chair of the Selection Committee for the Dean of Princeton’s School of Architecture. He is the recipient of over 350 of individual honors and awards including, an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from New Jersey Institute of Technology and an Honorary MBA from Bryant University. Other honors include the Legacy Award from the Urban Land Institute, the AIA’s Michael Graves Lifetime Achievement Award, and The President’s Medal from New Jersey Institute of Technology. He is also a Trustee Emeritus at McCarther Theater. He has given over 200 lectures and participated in dozens of design juries. He and the firm have been widely published in national and international journals, newspapers, and magazines. Sarbuland Khan Sarbuland Khan is the former Executive Coordinator of the Global Alliance for ICT and Development. Prior to this assignment Mr. Khan was the Director for the Office for Economic and Social Council Support and Coordination of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Mr. Khan directed the preparation of the Ministerial meeting of the Economic and Social Council on ICT for development and has been responsible for its follow-up and the establishment of the United Nations Information and Communication Technology Task Force. Among his twenty-four years of professional experience within the United Nations, he has held positions as the Branch Chief for the Policy Coordination and Interagency Affairs, Chief for the Office of the Under-Secretary-General of the Department for International Economic and Social Affairs, and Special Assistant to Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs and Decolonization. From 1979 to 1981, he served as delegate of Pakistan to the General Assembly of Economic and Social Council Prior to joining the United Nations, Mr. Khan was the Director for the Economic Coordination in the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Pakistan, and served in embassies in Morocco, Brussels and The Hague. From 1967 to 1969, Mr. Khan was an Assistant Professor in the Department of Economics in Punjab University of Lahore and staff Economist at the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics in 1966-67. Mr. Khan has a Masters degree in economics, a post-graduate diploma in International Economic Relations from the Institute for Social Studies, The Hague. He has authored a number of publications and various articles in economics for books, journals, newspapers and magazines. Maxinne Rhea Leighton Maxinne Rhea Leighton has held numerous leadership roles as a senior-level strategist in design firms for the past twenty years, most recently at the consulting engineering firm Jaros, Baum & Bolles (JB&B). A co-editor of The Future of Cities: An Integrated Approach to Urban Cities, she was part of the writing and editorial team for the American Institute of Architects’ (AIA) Post-Sandy Initiative Policy Report as well as the SCAPE/Landscape Architecture Living Breakwaters team during the design competition for HUD’s Rebuild by Design. Ms. Leighton serves on the New York AIA’s Design for Risk and Reconstruction (DfRR) Committee, the Consortium for Sustainable Urbanization and has facilitated numerous panels on infrastructure at the United Nations and the AIA. She is author of An Ellis Island Christmas, a book for children about immigration (Viking Penguin), co-author of Grand Central: Gateway to A Million Lives (W.W. Norton) and Educating for Social Justice: A Dangerous Game: Matilda Joslyn Gage Center (Journal of Museum Studies). With a Master of Arts in Urban Studies from New York University, Maxinne Rhea Leighton is a doctoral candidate (PhD in Leadership and Change) focusing on sustainable urbanization within climate-vulnerable cities. Feniosky Peña-Mora Prof. Feniosky Peña-Mora is the Edwin Howard Armstrong Professor of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Professor of Earth and Environmental Engineering, and Professor of Computer Science at Columbia University. He took a public service leave from 2014 to 2017 to serve as the New York City Commissioner of the Department of Design and Construction. Prior to his public service leave at DDC, he was the Dean of the Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Morris A. and Alma Schapiro Professor of Engineering at Columbia University. Previously, he was Associate Provost and the Edward William and Jane Marr Gutgsell Endowed Professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Before joining the faculty at Illinois, Dr. Peña-Mora was the Gilbert W. Winslow Career Development Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he earned his Master of Science and Doctor of Science degrees in civil engineering in 1991 and 1994, respectively. Prof. Peña-Mora is the author or co-author of more than 215 scholarly publications. He holds six patents and one provisional patent. He is a fellow of the Chartered Institute of Buildings (CIOB) as well as elected member of the Dominican Republic Academy of Sciences, and the United States National Academy of Construction. H. E. Michal Mlynár Ambassador Dr. Michal Mlynár has been the Permanent Representative of Slovakia to the United Nations in New York since August 2017. In 2015-2017, he was Director General for International Organizations, Development Cooperation and Humanitarian Aid at the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of the Slovak Republic. Prior to that (2012-2015), he was posted as Slovakia's Ambassador in Nairobi, Kenya. In 2004-2009, he served in New York as Deputy Permanent Representative. He has been a member of Slovakia's Foreign Service since 2000. He is a linguist and former high school teacher. Don C.I. Okpala Don Okpala, PhD was formerly Director of the Monitoring and Research Division of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) in Nairobi, Kenya. Before Dr. Okpala was a Senior Research Fellow at the Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research (N.I.S.E.R.) Ibadan, Nigeria. He served as consultant to the World Bank and was coordinator of the World Bank’s Nigerian Urban Priorities Study (1982-1983). He was awarded the Fulbright Senior Research Scholar Fellowship in 1983. Okpala coordinated the preparation of urban development structure plans for three towns/cities for the Anambra State Government, Nigeria. Okpala is a Fellow of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners (FNITP). He is also a Member of the American Institute of Certified Planners, as well as a Member of the Nigerian Institute of Management Consultants. He holds a B.A. Hons Degree in Geography from the University of Ibadan, and a Masters Degree in Regional Planning from Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and a Ph.D. in Urban Studies and Planning from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.) in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Okpala has researched, written and published extensively on issues of urban and regional planning, land management, housing and housing finance as well as on related socio-economic development issues. Amjad Umar Dr. Amjad Umar received an M.S. in Computer and Communication Engineering and a PhD. in Information Systems Engineering, both from the University of Michigan. Currently he is Chief Architect of a United Nations Small Islands and Developing States (SIDS) Partnership that is focusing on using the latest digital innovations to help underserved populations. He is also a Fulbright Senior Specialist on ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) and Founder/CEO of a startup that is focusing on digital transformation. As a Professor and Director of ICT Program, he teaches graduate level courses in Strategic Planning for Digital Transformation, Architectures and Integration of Digital Enterprises, and Smart Cities at Harrisburg University of Science and Technology. He was previously an Adjunct Professor of Telecommunications and Systems Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania for 15 years and the Fordham Graduate School of Business for 5 years. His 30+ years of experience includes senior management and consulting/advisory positions with governments and industries around the globe. As a Director of Research at Bellcore (part of the Bell Labs system) for 10 years, he supervised large scale projects in technology planning, enterprise architectures and integration, mobile computing, information security, and collaborative systems that were funded by DARPA and Telecom providers. He has consulted with global telecom organizations, US Department of Navy, US Army Research Labs, Frost and Sullivan (England), Toyota Corp., Society of Manufacturing Engineers, healthcare organizations, professional services organizations, and academic institutions in England, Singapore, China, Italy, New Zealand, South Africa, Argentina, Canada and more than 40 developing countries. He has written eight books and published more than 50 papers on different aspects of digital enterprises and the enabling technologies. Theresa Williamson Theresa Williamson, Ph.D., is founder and executive director of Catalytic Communities (CatComm), an empowerment, communications, think tank, and advocacy NGO working since 2000 in support of Rio’s favelas. In addition to fostering peer-to-peer networking, strategic training and media support on behalf of community organizers, the organization has become known for advocating a community-controlled asset-based development approach to informal settlements. Theresa is an outspoken, respected advocate for the recognition of favelas' heritage status and their residents' right to be fully served as equal citizens. She has published several book chapters, four opinion pieces in The New York Times, and has been cited in dozens of publications, with appearances on The Today Show, Vice, and HBO. Dr. Williamson received the 2012 NAHRO John D. Lange International Award for her contributions to the international housing debate and 2005 Gill-Chin Lim Award for Best Dissertation on International Planning. She is editor-in-chief of RioOnWatch, CatComm’s internationally recognized watchdog favela news service regarded for its work in informing and influencing international journalists covering the Olympics, and local debates on housing. Dr. Williamson earned her B.A. in Biological Anthropology from Swarthmore College and Ph.D. in City and Regional Planning from the University of Pennsylvania. Erich Winkler Erich Winkler is an Information Technology Professional with extensive experience in implementing innovative information technology and business intelligence solutions to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of large global companies around the world, both in highly developed and in newly emerging markets. Erich is particularly interested in the opportunities created by information technologies to improve the sustainability of our planet and thereby creating better living conditions for everyone. Erich has a degree in Business Administration from the School of Business Administration in Zurich (KVZ). He also served on the Board of the NY chapter of the Society for Information Management (SIM), and has been a guest lecturer on Information Technology and Leadership Development at several Business Schools in the New York Metropolitan area. Tom Wright Tom Wright is the President of Regional Plan Association, a non-profit urban planning think-tank focused on improving the prosperity, infrastructure, sustainability and quality of life of the New York-New Jersey-Connecticut metropolitan region. He has steered many of the organization's key initiatives, including the Draft Vision Plan for the City of Newark (2006) and A Region at Risk: The Third Regional Plan for the New York-New Jersey-Connecticut Metropolitan Area (1996). Mr. Wright oversees the day-to-day operations of RPA and coordinates activities with the Board of Directors. Prior to becoming president on Jan. 1, 2015, he was RPA's executive director. Previously, he was deputy executive director of the New Jersey Office of State Planning, where he coordinated production of the New Jersey State Development and Redevelopment Plan (2001). From 1991 to 1993, he was coordinator of the award-winning Mayors' Institute on City Design, sponsored by the National Endowment for the Arts. Mr. Wright lectures widely on growth management and regional planning. He is a visiting lecturer in public policy at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He has taught at the Columbia University Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation; the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy; and the New Jersey Institute of Technology School of Architecture. Mr. Wright is a member of NYC's Sustainability Advisory Board, which helped prepare PlaNYC 2030, and of New York City's Waterfront Advisory Committee. He is also a part of the Board of Directors for the Eno Center for Transportation and the Forum + Institute for Urban Design, and furthermore serves on the Advisory Committee for the J. Max Bond Center on Design for the Just City at the City College of New York. Mr. Wright received a Bachelor of Arts in history and a certificate in American Studies from Princeton University, and a Master of Science in Urban Planning from Columbia University.
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PAUL-Kofi Annan's leadership skills were evident as an undergraduate student at Macalester College.Fifty-seven years later, his alma mater is honoring the former secretary general of the United Nations and Nobel Peace Prize winner by naming i...	en	/apple-touch-icon.png	InForum	https://www.inforum.com/news/kofi-annan-former-un-secretary-general-returning-to-minn-alma-mater-for-dedication	ST. PAUL-Kofi Annan's leadership skills were evident as an undergraduate student at Macalester College. Fifty-seven years later, his alma mater is honoring the former secretary general of the United Nations and Nobel Peace Prize winner by naming its international institute after him. Annan will return to St. Paul for the dedication Monday, May 7, and will later deliver the keynote address at a Books for Africa reception. "His credentials as a leading global diplomat and as an advocate for peace are about as strong as they could get," Macalester President Brian Rosenberg said. During his undergraduate years, Annan, who came to the college from Ghana, was a champion sprinter on the track team, played on the soccer team, was the Minnesota state oratorical champion, and participated in several programs focusing on internationalism. He graduated in 1961. He went on to become secretary general of the U.N. and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001. He finished his second term as secretary general in 2006. In 2007, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation, a nonprofit dedicated to promoting better global governance and strengthening the capacities of people and countries. "He's remained very involved in important world affairs," Rosenberg said. "At Macalester, we have a mission that speaks to internationalism and multiculturalism and service to society, and we think that the career of Kofi Annan embodies that, and it's important for us to honor that career." The school previously honored Annan in 2006, when he was an inaugural speaker at the school's newly created Institute for Global Citizenship, and in 2009 when a life-sized bronze bust of him was unveiled. The institute "fosters global citizenship by advancing scholarship, reflection, and ethical action in our local, national, and international communities," according to Macalester's web site. Annan and former Vice President Walter Mondale co-chair the Jack Mason Law and Democracy Initiative of Books for Africa, the world's largest shipper of books to Africa. He will speak to invited attendees of the event about about law, democracy, the initiative, and the program as a whole. "He's been a great champion over the years of the rule of law, and is well known for advancing democracy and governance in Africa. In addition to the initiative, he's also very supportive of our overall mission," Director of Books for Africa Patrick Plonski said. To attend At 11:15 a.m. Monday at Macalester College's Institute for Global Citizenship at Markim Hall, Annan and Rosenberg will speak at the dedication of the Kofi Annan Institute for Global Citizenship and the unveiling of the new institute name.
7734	dbpedia	0	10	https://kingosagyefuopanin.wordpress.com/about/	en	About His Majesty OSAGYEFUO AMOATIA OFORI PANIN	https://kingosagyefuopan…rtrait.jpg?w=225	https://kingosagyefuopan…rtrait.jpg?w=225	[ "https://kingosagyefuopanin.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/okyenhene-portrait.jpg?w=225&h=300", "https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png", "https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png", "https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2013-09-10T01:00:49+00:00	PROFILE OF HIS MAJESTY OSAGYEFUO AMOATIA OFORI PANIN OKYENHENE (KING OF AKYEM ABUAKWA) ROYAL OFFICE Okyenhene 1999 to Date Okyenhene (King of Akyem Abuakwa): Osagyefuo Nana Amoatia Ofori Panin is the 35th King to have ascended the throne referred to as the Ofori Panin Stool. He ascended the throne on October 4th 1999, on…	en	https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico	King Osagyefuo Panin's Visit	https://kingosagyefuopanin.wordpress.com/about/	PROFILE OF HIS MAJESTY OSAGYEFUO AMOATIA OFORI PANIN OKYENHENE (KING OF AKYEM ABUAKWA) ROYAL OFFICE Okyenhene 1999 to Date Okyenhene (King of Akyem Abuakwa): Osagyefuo Nana Amoatia Ofori Panin is the 35th King to have ascended the throne referred to as the Ofori Panin Stool. He ascended the throne on October 4th 1999, on the passing of his predecessor and brother, Nana Kuntunkununku II. On ascending the throne, Nana Amoatia Ofori Panin pledged to introduce real economic development, commercial growth and the general progress and welfare of the people. In making this pledge, Osagyefuo referred in particular to the development of the child, health, education and environment noting that “the success of my reign is dependent totally on my ability as your leader to ensure that our future – our children – is really secure.” (Coronation speech, Oct. 11TH 1999) In pursuance of his conviction to execute his promise to his people, the Okyenhene took a 12-week tour of Okyeman from February to April 2000. The tour exposed him to the vastness of his Kingdom and the extreme levels of deprivation: poor education and health and related facilities, and the lack of basic infrastructure such as potable water and electricity. Osagyefuo also saw the potential for investments and wealth creation in various sectors of economy. Osagyefuo Amoatia Ofori Panin has developed and began the implementation of some policies for the advancement and growth of his people as a means to achieve the objectives of his tenure. These, naturally, have a bearing and effect on the rest of the nation. PUBLIC SERVICE Chairman, Board of Directors: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) – 2002-2008 The agency is dedicated to continuously improving and conserving the country’s natural and human resources, and the environment, in particular. His Majesty’s vision is to promote popular co-management and protection to enhance the country’s environment as well as seek common local and international partnerships in achieving the set goals of the agency. Chairman, Forest Plantation Development Fund Board – 2004-2008 Under the Chairmanship of Osagyefuo, the board which started with an initial capital of 70 billion cedis in 2002, increased resources to 104 billion cedis. 43 billion cedis have been disbursed to the Forestry Commission to support the National Forest Plantation Development Programme. The Fund’s support has resulted in the cultivation of 53,000 hectares of tree plantation with more than 90 per cent of the plantation consisting of teak and indigenous timber tree species such as mahogany and ofam. 10 billion cedis has also gone out as loans to the private sector for plantation development. The Osagyefuo has brought his considerable management and interpersonal skills to bear on the work of the Fund Board. Chairman and Patron, Ghana Society for the Blind Okyenhene is Chairman of the Board of Trustees of GSB. On the initiative of the Okyenhene, the Ghana Society for the Blind instituted and launched a fund to support the blind, known as the Osagyefuo Amoatia Ofori Panin Fund for the Blind. It is to be managed by the Ghana Society for the Blind. The Fund aims to raise ¢1,000,000,000 (one billion cedis) to support an agricultural project, a computer centre and library for the blind. The fund is managed under the theme “Get the Blind off the Street.” SELECTED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ENVIRONMENT Osagyefuo has been very active in the campaign to save, maintain and develop to environment. He has initiated various programs and projects to execute those policy interests. The Okyenhene established the Okyeman Environment Foundation (OEF) to manage environment concerns in Akyem Abuakwa. The Foundation was officially launched during the second annual Okyeman Environment Week in 2001. The Foundation has launched a few programs to cover preservation, education and awareness creation. Billboard Awareness The OEF has initiated a billboard awareness campaign, which is ongoing. The first phase of the campaign involves the posting of billboards in some 140 towns in Okyeman, of which about 90 have been erected. The long-term objective is to post and maintain awareness billboards in all the settlements in the Kingdom. Okyeman Environment Week Okyenhene instituted the Okyeman Environment Week in 2000. The objective of the Week is to create awareness, educated and maintain the agenda for the conservation and maintenance of the environment within Okyeman. The event is held every year to coincide with World Environment Day on June 5th. Osagyefuo tours an average of 8 towns during the week to campaign on the chosen theme and the issues. As part of the Week’s commemoration, the Okyenhene introduced an awards scheme in 2001 for the following: Environment Town of the Year Environment Town’s Chief Environment School of the Year An additional award for “Brigade of the Year” has been added to the scheme. Community Environment Protection Brigade The OEF has also established the Community Environment Protection Brigade,(CEPB). This concept encourages the protection of the environment through the direct participation of communities. By December 2001 a total of 140 communities had registered and established Brigades. Each Brigade employs the volunteer services of a minimum of 20 men and women from age 18. The Brigades provide an avenue for the potential development of more environment-conscious people through the facilitation of training and the provision of jobs that are environment-friendly and commercially viable. The Brigades are linked with the District Assemblies (local government system) in campaign. This concept is an institutional first, as far as the environment issue in Ghana is concerned. The OEF won the Green Apple Awards presented at a prestigious ceremony hosted by the British Trade Secretary, Patricia Hewitt, at the House of Commons in 2003. Chancellor, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Science In 2002, the Okyenhene proposed to establish an educational institution dedicated solely to the development of environmental science. This would be the first of its kind in Ghana and Africa; it would develop skills in the environment, agricultural, eco-management and eco-tourism. He visited Wageningen University in Holland to seek technical support from the world’s leading education and research centre in plant, animal, environmental, agrotechnological, food and social sciences. Osagyefuo and his team met with the president of the Executive Board of Wageninigen UR, Aalt Dijkuizen, and the director of the International Agricultural Centre of Wageningen UR, A. Bram Huijsman. The Board of the Wageningen sent a team to Ghana to visit the proposed site and have since collaborated in the establishment of the institution, as has Tuft University in Massachusetts, USA. In the last quarter of 2010, the Okyenhene will sign a Memorandum of Agreement with the University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, to mark the start of a collaborative relationship between the two institutions in joint programming and research. The college is also set to offer one-year top up degree courses in Nursing and Public Health from Anglia Ruskin University, Essex, England, who also sent a team to visit the college in May of 2010. In June of 2010, the National Accreditation Board made a final inspection visit to the campus situated in Bunso in the Eastern Region. It is proudly affiliated to the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST). His Majesty is Chancellor of the univeristy by virtue of the throne he occupies. EDUCATION & CHILD WELFARE Okyenhene is a strong advocate for child welfare and development. His Majesty has been out-spoken about child abuse and parental irresponsibility in the nation. He is also out-spoken about the poor state of facilities for child development. During his tour of Okyeman the issue formed a major part of his deliberations with the people. It is his intention to facilitate the development of child welfare projects across Okyeman. Projects that are being developed include scholarships for students and teachers; library facilities; playgrounds and community centres. His Majesty established the Okyenhene’s Annual Children’s Christmas Party to motivate children in Okyeman by awarding the top three primary students in each class. This project was launched in Kyebi in December 1999 and has since spread across the Okyeman annually with the help of philanthropists/sponsors/benefactors. In 2001, the Okyenhene decided to separate the awards from the Christmas party, thus as of July 2002 Osagyefuo Amoatia Ofori Panin Student Awards have been given. The top three students from primary through JSS are eligible for the awards. Osagyefuo encourages children to study hard and aim high. He also motivates them to get into various areas of skills development. He also established the Mama Akoto Memorial Trust (so named after his late mother), incorporated in 2009 and managed by a ten-member Board of Trustees, with focus on helping needy women and children in areas of education, health and other social needs. Okyenhene is a strong advocate for education for the youth. In the period of his reign, he has, on many occasions, expressed concern about the low level of educational standards in Ghana. His policy is to create a support mechanism for the development of education in Okyeman. His first step toward this was his organization and hosting of the first-ever Congress of Old Abucodians that brought together old students of Abuakwa State College to support its development. The objective was to establish the need for alumni to support their alma mater. Old Abuscodians recently cut the sod for the construction of a state of the art assembly has at Abuakwa State College to be named after the founder, Nana Ofori Atta I. Abuakwa State College is significant for two primary reasons: It was established by Okyeman (the first educational establishment founded by a traditional ruler); It has produced two kings of Akyem Abuakwa; Nana Ofori Atta III and Osagyefuo Amoatia Ofori Panin. Nana Amoatia Ofori Panin has offered a few proposals to develop education. They include the resuscitation of the Akyem Abuakwa Scholarship Scheme and the provision of facilities such as libraries, books and equipment for various communities. To this end, a Commission on Education has been established to develop, execute and manage these proposals. Interest and support for projects are directed to the Commission through the Office of the Okyenhene. HEALTH Okyenhene is a strong advocate for proper health care management. In his presentation at his coronation, he emphasised the importance of health issues. At the 40th Anniversary celebrations of St Dominic’s Hospital in Akwatia, Osagyefuo outlined clearly his interests in the development of the health sector for his people. HIV/Aids Education Week As part of his policy interests, Osagyefuo has instituted the Okyeman HIV/AIDS Education Week, first held in November 2001. This was held to coincide with World Aids Day, December 1st. The Week is used by the Okyenhene to highlight the need to protect society and children, the need to maintain moral responsibility to family as a way of protection and need to be compassionate to infected and affected persons. The Okyenhene takes the opportunity to travel to various settlements in Okyeman educating men and women on the various opportunities for prevention. Okyenhene hosted the national commemoration of World AIDS Day in Kyebi on December 1st 2001. (This is an unprecedented event in the history of Ghana and arguably the world, where a monarch directs the hosting of a globally commemorated event on a pressing global issue such as HIV/AIDS). He ran in a 5km race on that day to bring attention to the HIV/AIDS issue, another first in the annals of Okyeman history. His Majesty tested for HIV publicly to encourage people to undergo voluntary testing. As part of his health policy concerns, the Okyenhene has established the Okyeman AIDS Foundation to manage the education against the spread of HIV/AIDS. Advocacy for the Physically Handicapped His Majesty is a passionate supporter of Free Wheelchair Mission, a nonprofit charitable organization headquartered in Santa Ana, CA, United States of America. This organization has supported more than 31,000 disabled people in 37 countries – from Angola to Mexico with the provision of wheelchairs. Through Osagyefuo’s advocacy, 40 organizations throughout the world help Free Wheelchair Mission find potential recipients. For example, he is an enthusiastic supporter of Emmanual OfosuYeboah, national hero to his fellow Ghanaians. Emmanuel, accompanying the Okyenhene on his visit to the United States, was present at a fund-raiser at Strawberry Farms in California that drew 300 people and raised $250,000 in three hours. With Osagyefuo’s support, guidance and constant inspiration, Ofosu Yeboah was the recipient of the distinguished Casey Martin Nike Award. Emmanuel was selected by an international panel of judges to represent Ghana as a torchbearer in the Olympic Torch Relay and the Arthur Ashe Courage Award. He was invited to the White House by President Bush for his exemplary role in the campaign. SELECTED SPEECHES/CONFERENCES/MEETINGS Prince Charles and Osagyefuo Amoatia Ofori Panin In June 2003, as part of a working visit to the United Kingdom, the Osagyefuo met with the Prince Charles at St. James’ Palace London. During the meeting, which lasted for almost one hour, an indication of the good-working chemistry between the two, Osagyefuo accepted the Prince’s offer to team up with him to tackle some of the problems confronting the youth such as poverty, illiteracy, drug abuse and HIV/AIDS and the promotion of organic agriculture. He has also stressed the importance of agro-forestry schemes to ensure sustainable development and the contribution of appropriate technology to enhance rural development. Global Environment Facility (GEF) His Majesty’s meeting with Mohammed El-Ashry, the Chairman of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) of the World Bank realised the facility’s contribution of $848,000 towards a total cost of $1,477,000 to enhance biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of renewable natural resources in Okyeman through community based integrated natural resource management approaches. The money was allocated to the OEF to develop a coomprehensive study of the Atiwa Forest, a globally significant biodiversity area, which should result in a total inventory of natural resources. The Osagyefuo was able to convince the GEF to include a livelihoods component – a first for the GEF – which would assure the economic sustainability of fringe communities at Atiwa. World Parks Congress: Co-Patron Under the co-patronage of the Osagyefuo, the former South African President and Nobel Peace Prize winner Mr. Nelson Mandela and Her Majesty Queen Noor of Jordan, the Vth IUCN World Parks Congress was held in Durban, South Africa where Osagyefuo presented an incredibly well-received paper on policy guidance which led to an agreement of new commitments and policy guidance for protected areas worldwide. Osagyefuo shared the stage with King Zwelithini of the Zulu and President Ravalomana of Madagascar. The Congress was attended by Heads of State and Government, Ministers and all major conservation and environment organisations the world over, as well as natural resource extracting companies and financial institutions. BirdLife International: Honourary Vice President BirdLife International strives to conserve birds, their habitats and global biodiversity, working with people towards sustainability in the use of natural resources. It is a global Partnership of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) with a special focus on conservation and birds. BirdLIfe International holds a World Conference and Global Partnership Meeting approximately every four years. Other Honorary Officials include Queen Noor of Jordan, HIH Princess Takamado of Japan and Baroness Young of Old Scone. U.S. Congressional Awards: Special Guest The Congressional Awards is a public/private partnership created by Congress to promote and recognize achievement, initiative, and service in America’s youth. The Congressional Award provides a unique opportunity for young people to set and achieve personally challenging goals that build character and foster community service, personal development, and citizenship. The Okyenhene was invited as a Special Guest with President Bush as the Guest of Honour. Other dignitaries were U.S Congressmen and Senators with whom Osagyefuo had private discussions with and continues to communicate with. Silver Jubilee Celebration, Art of Living Foundation: Guest Speaker The Art of Living Foundation is an international non-profit, educational, charitable and humanitarian organization which works in special consultative status with the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations, participating in a variety of committees and activities relating to health, education, sustainable development and conflict resolution. It is the largest volunteer-based NGO in the world with a wide range of social, cultural, educational and spiritual activities. The foundation has touched over 20 million people, irrespective of age, race, nationality, religion and gender, in over 144 countries, across 5 continents. His Majesty addressed about 2.5million participants (a first for any Ghanaian leader) on Human Values and Volunteerism at this year’s conference in Bangalore, India. Among the guests were Members of Parliament from diverse countries, representing their governments. Ms Tugsjargal Gandi, Minister of Health, Mongolia, Ms Monika Griefahn Member of Parliament, Germany, Mr Milinda Moragoda, Member Of Parliament, Sri Lanka, Mr Dino Debeljuh, His Excellency the Ambassador of Croatia to India, Dr Jutta Stefan Bastl, His Excellency the Ambassador of Austria to India, Dr Michael Nobel, Chairman of the Nobel Family Society, USA, Dr Myron Scholes, Nobel Prize Laureate in Economics, USA were only some of the dignitaries present. Others included Karnatak governor T N Chaturvedi, Chief Minister HD Kumaraswamy, and Deputy Chief Minister Yediyurappa, President of Slovenia, various religious leaders, and many more guests from across the globe. APJ Abdul Kalam, President of India Justice Venkatachaliah, former Chief Justice of India. Prof. Jeffrey Sachs and Osagyefuo On the invitation of Sarah, Duchess of York, Great Britain, Osagyefuo made a case for Africa in June 2006 where Prof.Jeffrey D. Sachs, world renowed economist and then Special Advisor to United Nations Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, on the Millennium Development Goals, briefed participants on the internationally agreed goals to end extreme poverty, diseases, and hunger by the year 2015. The Lord Williams of Mostyn and Osagyefuo Osagyefuo and Lord Williams, Leader of the House of Lords (Lord President of the Council), UK Parliament, met in July 2003 on a wide range of issues of international and mutual interest at the behest of HRH Prince Charles. During the talks, Lord Williams indicated that he had followed Osagyefuo’s career with keen interest and commended the Osagyefuo for his initiative and drive aimed at finding solutions to problems confronting the Kingdom of Akyem Abuakwa and Ghana as a whole. He said that this is a lesson that needs to be learnt in Africa where there are traces of tension between the Government and traditional rulers. Invitation to Netherlands Institute of Multi-Party Democracy (NIMD) On the13 September 2005, His Majesty was received by Mr Roel von Meijenfeldt, the IMD’s Executive Director, Mrs Simone Filipini, a member of the IMD’s Board, and Mr. Hans van Baalen, Chairman of the IMD’s Supervisory Council and Member of Parliament. In his speech, the His Majesty, who has substantial influence on developments in Ghana, stressed the importance of traditional leadership in Africa and pleaded for the integration of traditional structures of dialogue into the formal political systems of democratic states. Such integration would require further decentralisation of the state apparatus. The Okyenhene also pointed to the misconceptions in many western countries about African traditional leaders. Contrary to western popular belief his position does not allow him to be autocratic as his statements always need to be reviewed by a council of his followers. The Bushmeat Campaign Conference The Conference which sought to build on the Ministerial Declaration of African Forest Law Enforcement and Governance, considered best practices for managing bushmeat and wildlife in the forest zone in West and Central Africa. In his address at the Bushmeat Campaign Conference, the Okyenhene noted that uncontrolled human activity had destroyed, depleted and degraded the environment which had further impoverished and worsened the plight of many rural communities in Africa. Dignitaries present at the Conference were Honourable Gareth Thomas, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State, DFID, Honourable Barry Gardiner, both British Members of Parliament, Mr. Enzo Barattini, Head of Agricultural and Environmental Development, European Union and Mr. Adam Matthews, Director of Bushmeat Campaign. Alluding to the success of Community Environment Protection Brigade he established in his traditional area, Osagyefuo Amoatia Ofori Panin pointed out that the momentum of the crusade against environmental degradation could only be sustained through the provision of employment opportunities and alternative livelihood for the rural unemployed. Address to U.K. Parliamentary Committee The Osagyefuo in 2003 addressed members of the International Development Committee of Parliament chaired by the Honourable Tony Baldry, M.P. – another first for any traditional ruler in Ghana. Osagyefuo was able to put across the case for better trade relations between the UK and Ghana and advocated the reconsideration of non-tariff and other special barriers to trade which severely hamper Ghanaian businesses. Osagyefuo also addressed the Committee on Forestry trade issues. A year later, he was the Special Guest at a dinner hosted by the Honourable Tony Baldry, which was attended by top officials of major forestry related companies in the United Kingdom and the object of which was to enable Osagyefuo interact with such officials for the first time. Okyenhene and the Dutch Foreign Ministry In September 2005, the Okyenhene met with Agnes van Ardenne, the Dutch Minister for Development Cooperation. The discussion centred on the proposed collaboration between the Dutch university and Okyeman. His Majesty urged the Dutch government to support the collaboration project. In response, Ms van Ardenne responded that already such funding mechanisms exist. For example, the country’s Foreign Ministry and Ministry of Agriculture, Nature management and Fisheries offer funding to Wageningen UR’s International Agricultural Centre. The Laureus Sports Awards and the Formula 1 Race, Monaco, Spain The Laureus World Sports Academy has been established to celebrate the best in sport around the world, and to make the most of sport’s role in the world. The Academy aims to promote all that is positive and worthwhile in sport, and to reinforce the work of all those who stand up for fair play, honest effort and the joy of taking part. The Founding Patrons of the Academy, DaimlerChrysler and Richemont, are united by a shared passion for sport, and a shared commitment to it over many years. Osagyefuo was invited by Formula One supremo British billionaire, Bernie Ecclestone, to observe the awards in Barcelona, Spain, May 2006. He met with international sports personalities such as Rafael Nadal, Michael Schumacher, Bobby Charlton, Boris Becker, Fernando Alonzo of Formula One fame, the seventh president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), Mr. Juan Antonio Samaranch and the FIFA president, Sepp Blatter. Other dignitaries present were King Juan Carlos of Spain and Prince Albert II of Monaco. Osagyefuo received a special invitation from Prince Albert II to his Monaco Palace to meet with other monarchs and world leaders including the Crown Prince of Bahrain when he next visited Monaco for the Grand Prix. Appointment to the African Advisory Council: The Prince’s Rainforest Project The Prince of Wales, HRH Prince Charles, appointed the Okyenhene, Osagyefuo Amoatia Ofori Panin, a member of the Advisory Council to the Prince’s Rainforest Project (PRP). The PRP was set up in October 2007 by Prince Charles to find practical solutions to slow tropical deforestation and combat climate change. Its main aim is to help the world community recognize the true value of forests by identifying ways to value, and then pay for, the crucial “ecosystem services” that rainforests provide. The Okyenhene, who is renowned for his passionate fight against deforestation and environmental degradation in Ghana, accepted the Prince’s invitation wholeheartedly and is optimistic that the PRP is exactly what Africa and the rest of the world needs to combat global warming. The Council draws members from various backgrounds in different countries including DR Congo’s Ambassador to South Africa, appointee of the government of Sierra Leone, among other prominent and influential personalities. The PRP is backed by 13 major companies: Shell, Rio Tinto Zinc, McDonald’s, Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs, Sun Media, Sky, Deutsche Bank, Man Group, KPMG, Barclays Bank, Finsbury and the European Climate Exchange. The Council held its maiden meeting in Johannesburg, South Africa in August 2008. PATRONAGE Ghana Substance Abuse Recovery Programme As a result of his demonstrated and legendary interest in the welfare of all people, Osagyefuo was invited by Hugh Masekela, world-renowed South African Musician, to be patron of the G-SARP, which develops programmes persons who wish to quit the use of illicit drugs. Charities AID Foundation(CAF) West Africa As a British non-governmental charity, CAF works towards a world in which giving effectively in a committed way is a recognised part of everyday life. In doing this, CAF helps both individual and company donors, as well as charities. For individuals, CAF makes it easy to find charities and donate to them tax efficiently, for companies, we help set up donation, volunteering and community investment schemes, for charities, we offer low-cost banking, financial and training services to make donations go further. Ghana Eye Foundation,(GEF) The Ghana Eye Foundation seeks to create awareness and mobilise resources to support the provision of a sustainable, equitable and quality eye health service by well-trained and appropriately motivated personnel to all residents in Ghana. Cleaner Communities Ghana Osagyefuo has recently joined the Cleaner Communities Organisation as Patron to champion the cause of domestic environmental cleanliness all over the country. The campaign is still in preparation stages, roping in stakeholders to take-off.
7734	dbpedia	2	3	https://www.twincities.com/2018/05/04/kofi-annan-st-paul-visit-macalester-college-books-for-africa/	en	Kofi Annan to visit Macalester College in St. Paul	https://www.twincities.c…jpg?w=1024&h=683	https://www.twincities.c…jpg?w=1024&h=683	[ "https://www.twincities.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/TwinCitiesPioneerPress_HighRes.jpg", "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/159d4957356ba646b34e2938ff8ca62b?s=85&d=mm&r=g", "https://www.twincities.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/STP-L-jea-01-Election-Day-1108.jpg?w=620", "https://www.twincities.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/STP-L-jea-02-TYSHAUN_SMITH-0815.jpg?w=487", "https://www.twincities.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/AP21361585785289.jpg?w=525", "https://www.twincities.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/IMG_5431x-e1696863132117.jpg?w=620", "https://www.twincities.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Congo_Mpox_87402.jpg?w=525", "https://www.twincities.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/jea-03-Amazon-e1723764272528.jpg?w=620", "https://www.twincities.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/TwinCitiesPioneerPress_HighRes.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "S. M. Chavey" ]	2018-05-04T00:00:00	Kofi Annan’s leadership skills were evident as an undergraduate student at Macalester College.Fifty-seven years later, his alma mater is honoring the former secretary-general of the United Nations and Nobel Peace Prize winner by naming its international institute after him.Annan will return to St. Paul for the dedication Monday and will later deliver the keynote address […]	en	https://www.twincities.c…te-copy.jpg?w=32	Twin Cities	https://www.twincities.com/2018/05/04/kofi-annan-st-paul-visit-macalester-college-books-for-africa/	To place an obituary, please include the information from the obituary checklist below in an email to obits@pioneerpress.com. There is no option to place them through our website. Feel free to contact our obituary desk at 651-228-5263 with any questions. 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On a second run date, the lines are $8.20 per line, starting w/ the first line. For example: if first run date was 20 lines the cost would be $164. Each photo published is $125 per day. For example: 2 photos in the paper on 2 days would be 4 photo charges at $500. Deadlines: Please follow deadline times to ensure your obituary is published on the day requested. Hours Deadline (no exceptions) Ad Photos MEMORIAM (NON-OBITUARY) REQUEST Unlike an obituary, Memoriam submissions are remembrances of a loved one who has passed. The rates for a memoriam differ from obituaries. Please call or email us for more memoriam information Please call 651-228-5280 for more information. HOURS: Monday – Friday 8:00AM – 5:00PM (CLOSED WEEKENDS and HOLIDAYS) Please submit your memoriam ad to memoriams@pioneerpress.com or call 651-228-5280. Kofi Annan’s leadership skills were evident as an undergraduate student at Macalester College. Fifty-seven years later, his alma mater is honoring the former secretary-general of the United Nations and Nobel Peace Prize winner by naming its international institute after him. Annan will return to St. Paul for the dedication Monday and will later deliver the keynote address at a Books for Africa reception. “His credentials as a leading global diplomat and as an advocate for peace are about as strong as they could get,” Macalester President Brian Rosenberg said. During his undergraduate years, Annan, who came to the college from Ghana, was a champion sprinter on the track team, played on the soccer team, was the Minnesota state oratorical champion and participated in several programs focusing on internationalism. He graduated in 1961. He served as secretary-general of the U.N. from 1997-2006 and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001. In 2007, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation, a nonprofit dedicated to promoting better global governance and strengthening the capacities of people and countries. “He’s remained very involved in important world affairs,” Rosenberg said. “At Macalester, we have a mission that speaks to internationalism and multiculturalism and service to society, and we think that the career of Kofi Annan embodies that, and it’s important for us to honor that career.” The school honored Annan in 2006, when he was an inaugural speaker at the school’s newly created Institute for Global Citizenship, and in 2009 when a life-sized bronze bust of him was unveiled. The institute “fosters global citizenship by advancing scholarship, reflection, and ethical action in our local, national, and international communities,” according to Macalester’s website. Annan and former Vice President Walter Mondale co-chair the Jack Mason Law and Democracy Initiative of Books for Africa, the world’s largest shipper of books to Africa. Annan will speak to invited attendees about about law, democracy, the initiative, and the program as a whole. “He’s been a great champion over the years of the rule of law and is well-known for advancing democracy and governance in Africa. In addition to the initiative, he’s also very supportive of our overall mission,” Director of Books for Africa Patrick Plonski said. TO ATTEND At 11:15 a.m. Monday at Macalester College’s Institute for Global Citizenship at Markim Hall, former U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan and Macalester President Brian Rosenberg will speak at the dedication of the Kofi Annan Institute for Global Citizenship. Originally Published: May 4, 2018 at 11:02 a.m.
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7734	dbpedia	3	13	https://www.crosswordsolver.com/clue/ALMA-MATER-FOR-BUZZ-ALDRIN-AND-KOFI-ANNAN-ABBR	en	Alma mater for Buzz Aldrin and Kofi Annan: Abbr. Crossword Clue: 1 Answer with 3 Letters	https://www.crosswordsol….com/favicon.png	https://www.crosswordsol….com/favicon.png	[ "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=476523870926420&ev=PageView&noscript=1", "https://www.crosswordsolver.com/_nuxt/img/kwrlogo-en_light.0a12116.svg", "https://www.crosswordsolver.com/_nuxt/img/kwrlogo_bildmarke.4832df5.svg", "https://www.crosswordsolver.com/_nuxt/img/f-logo.104bc6f.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	All crossword answers with 3 Letters for Alma mater for Buzz Aldrin and Kofi Annan: Abbr. found in daily crossword puzzles: NY Times, Daily Celebrity, Telegraph, LA Times and more.	en	/favicon.png		https://www.crosswordsolver.com/clue/ALMA-MATER-FOR-BUZZ-ALDRIN-AND-KOFI-ANNAN-ABBR	crosswordsolver.com is not affiliated with SCRABBLE®, Mattel®, Spear®, Hasbro®, Zynga® with Friends, "Wordle" by NYTimes in any way. The use of these trademarks on crosswordsolver.com is for informational purposes only.
7734	dbpedia	1	9	https://www.africanews.com/2018/08/24/asanteman-the-ghana-kingdom-that-gifted-kofi-annan-to-the-world//	en	Asanteman: The Ghana kingdom that gifted Kofi Annan to the world	https://static.euronews.…4x538_524897.jpg	https://static.euronews.…4x538_524897.jpg	[ "https://www.africanews.com/images/flipboard_round_colored.png", "https://www.africanews.com/images/linkedIn.png", "https://www.africanews.com/images/share.svg", "https://www.africanews.com/images/cross.svg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/programs/africanews/280x130_news.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/524897/400x225_524897.jpg", "https://www.africanews.com/images/whatsapp_logo.png", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/52/48/524897/1024x576_bonus-knust.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/52/48/524897/1024x576_bonus-kumasi.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/65/74/54/320x180_cmsv2_b2dc12b7-bc2d-59c0-8466-055a6fc1f70e-8657454.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/65/75/00/320x180_cmsv2_c391576c-6f88-55b6-a0fe-39a5dcaa4339-8657500.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/65/84/70/320x180_cmsv2_76b2db56-3164-5aa8-b9b8-63c3988ae4fd-8658470.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/59/29/52/320x180_cmsv2_4661f364-fa5a-5ce1-9369-deabd967b83e-8592952.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/55/37/14/320x180_cmsv2_2776b430-d561-5d2d-a1df-1a3ab8101cdf-8553714.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/55/37/08/320x180_cmsv2_479604e2-790b-5c3c-ad1b-a2e9c811cec6-8553708.jpg", "https://www.africanews.com/images/whatsapp_logo.png", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/65/74/54/320x180_cmsv2_b2dc12b7-bc2d-59c0-8466-055a6fc1f70e-8657454.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/65/75/00/320x180_cmsv2_c391576c-6f88-55b6-a0fe-39a5dcaa4339-8657500.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/65/84/70/320x180_cmsv2_76b2db56-3164-5aa8-b9b8-63c3988ae4fd-8658470.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/59/29/52/320x180_cmsv2_4661f364-fa5a-5ce1-9369-deabd967b83e-8592952.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/55/37/14/320x180_cmsv2_2776b430-d561-5d2d-a1df-1a3ab8101cdf-8553714.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/55/37/08/320x180_cmsv2_479604e2-790b-5c3c-ad1b-a2e9c811cec6-8553708.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/56/18/12/550x311_cmsv2_9a135b66-d09b-5f53-ab6e-1a4d4dd93fbd-8561812.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/65/10/00/550x311_cmsv2_7acdd942-d3c7-51b9-94e8-d504e78fbf65-8651000.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/60/67/42/550x311_cmsv2_133c2cbe-7606-58f6-8836-a89b9d1a8663-8606742.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/06/70/90/76/550x311_cmsv2_5865a334-c37b-5618-8fc3-2a21cbd81777-6709076.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/28/58/72/550x311_cmsv2_c3592976-a715-5df7-a8c4-dead9d34522e-8285872.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/59/63/12/550x311_cmsv2_2269147b-d761-5a21-8c1d-1493082778d7-8596312.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/07/43/26/92/320x180_cmsv2_17feb240-ed65-54e2-97ae-4324c31ab28a-7432692.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/65/84/70/320x180_cmsv2_76b2db56-3164-5aa8-b9b8-63c3988ae4fd-8658470.jpg", "https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/65/75/00/320x180_cmsv2_c391576c-6f88-55b6-a0fe-39a5dcaa4339-8657500.jpg", "https://www.africanews.com/images/flipboard_square_bw.png", "https://www.africanews.com/images/34-instagram.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "www.facebook.com", "africanews.channel" ]	2018-08-24T00:00:00	It was on 16 August, 2002 with Annan having swapped his suit for the traditional colourful kente cloth. In view of his service to humanity, Otumfuor conferred on him the title Busumuru – son of the	en		Africanews	https://www.africanews.com/2018/08/24/asanteman-the-ghana-kingdom-that-gifted-kofi-annan-to-the-world/	Kofi Annan, was born in the hub of one of Africa’s biggest kingdoms and arguably the biggest and most prestigious royal domains in the West African country, Ghana. Annan was born 80 years ago in Kumasi, the capital of Ghana’s resource rich Ashanti region – land of cocoa, timber and gold, Asanteman or Ashanti kingdom. In Ghana’s year of Independence from colonial rule, 1957, Annan graduated from one of Ghana’s famed High Schools, Mfantsipim, which was located in the adjoining Central Region. He was back to the region of his birth for university education. Annan enrolled in the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) in Kumasi before moving on to complete his undergraduate work in economics at the Macalester College in St. Paul Minnesota in 1961. A view shows the entrance of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology attended by the late Kofi Annan, former United Nations Secretary-General and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, in Kumasi, Ghana. Year on, while still at he helm of the United Nations, Annan returned to his place of birth to be conferred with a chieftaincy title by the Ashanti king, Otumfuor Osei Tutu II. It was on 16 August, 2002 with Annan having swapped his suit for the traditional colourful kente cloth. In view of his service to humanity, Otumfuor conferred on him the title Busumuru – son of the golden stool. “I and the entire Ashanti state have decided to add your name to the Busumro title because of your selflessness and contributions to humanity, and (promotion) of peace throughout the world,” the king said adorning Annan with a symbolic gold necklace around. “Busumro” is the name of the golden sword used by the king to swear allegiance to the Ashanti kingdom at his coronation. Annan, was the first to be given the title since the Ashanti kingdom was founded in the 16th century. “I share this honor with all good people of the world through whose contributions we are able to get somewhere,” he said at the time. Annan significantly was also the immediate past Chancellor of Ghana’s biggest varsity, the University of Ghana, Legon; which is located in the capital Accra. As a senior chief to the king, his family had to officially go and notify the Ashanti king of his death with reports in local press indicating that he was in line to be given a burial fit for kings. Street vendors sell their merchandise in Adum in Kumasi city, birth place of the late Kofi Annan, former United Nations Secretary-General and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Ghana.
7734	dbpedia	3	52	https://academic.oup.com/book/56475/chapter/449033362	en				[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null
7734	dbpedia	1	30	https://vocal.media/humans/kofi-annan-visionary-diplomat	en	Kofi Annan: Visionary Diplomat	https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1510701558874-6d5cc9322ba5?fit=fillmax&fm=jpg&ixid=M3wzNTY3MHwwfDF8YWxsfHx8fHx8fHx8MTY4NjAzNjYwMnw&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&q=75	https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1510701558874-6d5cc9322ba5?fit=fillmax&fm=jpg&ixid=M3wzNTY3MHwwfDF8YWxsfHx8fHx8fHx8MTY4NjAzNjYwMnw&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&q=75	[ "https://res.cloudinary.com/jerrick/image/upload/v1502164416/dxffjcqazcxctohcpodj.svg", "https://res.cloudinary.com/jerrick/image/upload/c_thumb,h_108,pg_1,q_60,w_108/646ba7dafccd75001d86d084.jpg", "https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1510701558874-6d5cc9322ba5?fit=max&fm=jpg&ixid=M3wzNTY3MHwwfDF8YWxsfHx8fHx8fHx8MTY4NjAzNjYwMnw&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&q=75&w=720&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=vocal.media", "https://res.cloudinary.com/jerrick/image/upload/c_thumb,h_108,pg_1,q_60,w_108/646ba7dafccd75001d86d084.jpg", "https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1648516051366-b04ce8803b29?fit=max&fm=jpg&ixid=M3wzNTY3MHwwfDF8YWxsfHx8fHx8fHx8MTY4NjAzNjc0M3w&ixlib=rb-4.0.3&q=75&w=720&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=vocal.media", "https://res.cloudinary.com/jerrick/image/upload/c_fill,d_642250b563292b35f27461a7.png,f_jpg,fl_progressive,h_375,q_auto,w_625/66ce305ec3b71a001ddfb336.jpg", "https://res.cloudinary.com/jerrick/image/upload/c_fill,d_642250b563292b35f27461a7.png,f_jpg,fl_progressive,h_375,q_auto,w_625/66c7f77b8b0fda001dbf1cef.png", "https://res.cloudinary.com/jerrick/image/upload/c_fill,d_642250b563292b35f27461a7.png,f_jpg,fl_progressive,h_375,q_auto,w_625/66cd50bf98c317001dbc315d.webp" ]	[]	[]	[ "kofi", "annan", "visionary", "diplomat" ]	null	[]	null	Kofi Annan, the esteemed Ghanaian diplomat, left an indelible mark on the world stage through his unwavering commitment to peace, justice, and human rights.	en	https://res.cloudinary.c…avxw14mty88f.png	Humans	https://vocal.media/humans/kofi-annan-visionary-diplomat	Kofi Annan, the esteemed Ghanaian diplomat, left an indelible mark on the world stage through his unwavering commitment to peace, justice, and human rights. Serving as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006, Annan was a trailblazer, tackling some of the most pressing global challenges of his time. With his charisma, intellect, and remarkable diplomatic skills, he garnered widespread admiration and respect. This article delves into the life and accomplishments of Kofi Annan, shedding light on his pivotal role in shaping international affairs and advancing the principles of multilateralism. Early Life and Education Born on April 8, 1938, in Kumasi, Ghana, Kofi Atta Annan hailed from humble beginnings. His father was a provincial governor and a traditional tribal chief, and his mother was a skilled entrepreneur. Annan's early exposure to the values of leadership and community involvement laid the foundation for his future endeavors. After completing his primary and secondary education in Ghana, Annan received a scholarship to pursue his higher studies at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology (now Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology). He later obtained a bachelor's degree in economics from Macalester College in the United States and went on to earn a master's degree in management from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). United Nations Career Kofi Annan's career at the United Nations spanned over four decades, during which he held various positions and worked tirelessly to promote global peace and development. His journey with the UN began in 1962 as a budget officer for the World Health Organization (WHO), and he subsequently held several other roles within the organization. Notably, Annan served as Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations from 1992 to 1996, where he navigated complex peacekeeping missions in countries like Somalia, Rwanda, and the Balkans. In 1997, Annan assumed the mantle of Secretary-General, becoming the first person from sub-Saharan Africa to hold the esteemed position. As Secretary-General, he prioritized human rights, development, and conflict resolution. One of his notable achievements was the formulation of the Millennium Development Goals, a set of ambitious targets aimed at eradicating extreme poverty, promoting gender equality, and ensuring environmental sustainability. Additionally, Annan played a pivotal role in advocating for the Responsibility to Protect doctrine, which asserted that states have a duty to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. Humanitarian Contributions and Legacy Kofi Annan's legacy extends far beyond his diplomatic achievements. He was a fervent advocate for social justice and human rights, working tirelessly to address issues such as HIV/AIDS, poverty, and education. In 2001, Annan was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in revitalizing the UN and leading the organization with renewed dedication. Annan's tenure as Secretary-General was marked by several significant challenges, including the Iraq War and the crisis in Darfur. Despite these obstacles, he consistently emphasized the importance of dialogue, cooperation, and diplomacy in resolving conflicts. Annan's efforts to promote dialogue and bridge gaps between nations were evident in his tireless pursuit of peaceful resolutions and his commitment to the principles of the United Nations Charter. Beyond his UN role, Annan founded the Kofi Annan Foundation in 2007, which focused on promoting sustainable development, peace, and good governance. Through his foundation, he continued to advocate for social justice, equality, and the rule of law, leveraging his extensive network and influence to bring about positive change. Conclusion Kofi Annan's remarkable journey from a modest upbringing in Ghana to becoming a global statesman serves as an inspiration to millions around the world. Throughout his career, he demonstrated the power of diplomacy, perseverance, and unwavering commitment to improving the lives of others. Annan's vision for a more just and peaceful world, coupled with his relentless pursuit of multilateral solutions, will forever be etched in history. His legacy serves as a reminder of the significant impact that one individual can make in shaping global affairs and fostering international cooperation.
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"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Contributors to Wikimedia projects" ]	2001-09-23T03:06:14+00:00		en	/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi_Annan	Secretary-General of the UN from 1997 to 2006 Kofi Atta Annan ( KOH-fee AN-an,[1] -⁠ AH-nahn;[2] 8 April 1938 – 18 August 2018) was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006.[3] Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize.[4] He was the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organisation founded by Nelson Mandela.[5] Annan joined the United Nations in 1962, working for the World Health Organization's Geneva office. He went on to work in several capacities at the UN Headquarters, including serving as the Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping between March 1992 and December 1996. He was appointed secretary-general on 13 December 1996 by the Security Council and later confirmed by the General Assembly, making him the first officeholder to be elected from the UN staff itself. He was re-elected for a second term in 2001 and was succeeded as secretary-general by Ban Ki-moon in 2007. As secretary-general, Annan reformed the UN bureaucracy, worked to combat HIV/AIDS (especially in Africa) and launched the UN Global Compact. He was criticised for not expanding the Security Council and faced calls for his resignation after an investigation into the Oil-for-Food Programme, but was largely exonerated of personal corruption.[6] After the end of his term as secretary-general, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation in 2007 to work on international development. In 2012, Annan was the UN–Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria to help find a resolution to the Syrian civil war.[7][8] Annan quit after becoming frustrated with the UN's lack of progress with regards to conflict resolution.[9][10] In September 2016, Annan was appointed to lead a UN commission to investigate the Rohingya crisis.[11] He died in 2018 and was given a state funeral. Early life and education [edit] Kofi Annan was born in Kumasi in the Gold Coast (now Ghana) on 8 April 1938.[12] His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shared the middle name Atta, which in the Akan language means "twin".[13] Annan and his sister were born into one of the country's Fante aristocratic families; both of their grandfathers and their uncle were Fante paramount chiefs,[14] and their brother Kobina would go on to become Ghana's ambassador to Morocco.[15] In the Akan names tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week they were born, sometimes in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday, the day on which Annan was born.[16] The last name Annan in Fante means fourth-born child. Annan said that his surname rhymes with "cannon" in English.[17] From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim, an all-boys Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan said that the school taught him that "suffering anywhere, concerns people everywhere".[18] In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, the Gold Coast gained independence from the UK and began using the name "Ghana". In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies in economics at Macalester College in Saint Paul, Minnesota, US, in 1961. Annan then completed a diplôme d'études approfondies DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961 to 1962. After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management[19] (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a master's degree in management. Annan was fluent in English, French, Akan, and some Kru languages as well as other African languages.[20] Diplomatic career [edit] In 1962, Annan started working as a budget officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN). From 1974 to 1976, he worked as a manager of the state-owned Ghana Tourist Development Company in Accra. In 1980 he became the head of personnel for the office of the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) in Geneva. Between 1981 and 1983, he was a member of the Governing Board of the International School of Geneva.[23] In 1983 he became the director of administrative management services of the UN Secretariat in New York. In 1987, Annan was appointed as an assistant secretary-general for Human Resources Management and Security Coordinator for the UN system. In 1990, he became Assistant Secretary-General for Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Control. When Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali established the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) in 1992, Annan was appointed to the new department as Deputy to then Under-Secretary-General Marrack Goulding. Annan replaced Goulding in March 1993 as Under-Secretary-General of that department after American officials persuaded Boutros-Ghali that Annan was more flexible and more aligned with the role that the Pentagon expected of UN peacekeepers in Somalia.[25] On 29 August 1995, while Boutros-Ghali was unreachable on an aeroplane, Annan instructed United Nations officials to "relinquish for a limited period of time their authority to veto air strikes in Bosnia". This move allowed NATO forces to conduct Operation Deliberate Force and made him a favourite of the United States. According to Richard Holbrooke, Annan's "gutsy performance" convinced the United States that he would be a good replacement for Boutros-Ghali. He was appointed a special representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving from November 1995 to March 1996.[28][29] Criticism [edit] In 2003, retired Canadian general Roméo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR), claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide. In his book Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003), Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict and from providing more logistical and material support. Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to respond to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository; such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis. In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said: "I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support."[30] External videos After Words interview with Annan on Interventions, 9 September 2012, C-SPAN In his book Interventions: A Life in War and Peace, Annan again argued that the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations could have made better use of the media to raise awareness of the violence in Rwanda and put pressure on governments to provide the troops necessary for an intervention. Annan explained that the events in Somalia and the collapse of the UNOSOM II mission fostered a hesitation among UN member states to approve robust peacekeeping operations. As a result, when the UNAMIR mission was approved just days after the battle, the resulting force lacked the troop levels, resources and mandate to operate effectively. United Nations Secretary-General (1997–2006) [edit] Appointment [edit] In 1996, Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali ran unopposed for a second term. Although he won 14 of the 15 votes on the Security Council, he was vetoed by the United States.[32] After four deadlocked meetings of the Security Council, Boutros-Ghali suspended his candidacy, becoming the only secretary-general ever to be denied a second term. Annan was the leading candidate to replace him, beating Amara Essy by one vote in the first round. However, France vetoed Annan four times before finally abstaining. The UN Security Council recommended Annan on 13 December 1996.[33] Confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly,[35] he started his first term as secretary-general on 1 January 1997. Due to Boutros-Ghali's overthrow, a second Annan term would give Africa the office of Secretary-General for three consecutive terms. In 2001, the Asia-Pacific Group agreed to support Annan for a second term in return for the African Group's support for an Asian secretary-general in the 2006 selection.[36] The Security Council recommended Annan for a second term on 27 June 2001, and the General Assembly approved his reappointment on 29 June 2001.[37] Activities [edit] Recommendations for UN reform [edit] Soon after taking office in 1997, Annan released two reports on management reform. On 17 March 1997, the report Management and Organisational Measures (A/51/829) introduced new management mechanisms through the establishment of a cabinet-style body to assist him and the UN's activities in accordance with four core missions. A comprehensive reform agenda was issued on 14 July 1997 titled Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform (A/51/950). Key proposals included the introduction of strategic management to strengthen unity of purpose, the establishment of the position of deputy secretary-general, a 10-per cent reduction in posts, a reduction in administrative costs, the consolidation of the UN at the country level, and reaching out to civil society and the private sector as partners. Annan also proposed to hold a Millennium Summit in 2000.[38] After years of research, Annan presented a progress report, In Larger Freedom, to the UN General Assembly on 21 March 2005. Annan recommended Security Council expansion and a host of other UN reforms.[39] On 31 January 2006, Annan outlined his vision for a comprehensive and extensive reform of the UN in a policy speech to the United Nations Association UK. The speech, delivered at Central Hall, Westminster, also marked the 60th anniversary of the first meetings of the General Assembly and Security Council.[40] On 7 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his proposals for a fundamental overhaul of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is titled Investing in the United Nations, For a Stronger Organization Worldwide.[41] On 30 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his analysis and recommendations for updating the entire work programme of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is titled Mandating and Delivering: Analysis and Recommendations to Facilitate the Review of Mandates.[42] Regarding the UN Human Rights Council, Annan said "declining credibility" had "cast a shadow on the reputation of the United Nations system. Unless we re-make our human rights machinery, we may be unable to renew public confidence in the United Nations itself." He believed that, despite its flaws, the council could do good.[43][44] In March 2000, Annan appointed the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations to assess the shortcomings of the then existing system and to make specific and realistic recommendations for change. The panel was composed of individuals experienced in conflict prevention, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. The report it produced, which became known as the Brahimi Report, after the chair of the Panel Lakhdar Brahimi, called for "renewed political commitment on the part of Member States, significant institutional change, and increased financial support".[47] The Panel further noted that to be effective, UN peacekeeping operations must be adequately resourced and equipped, and operate under clear, credible and achievable mandates.[47] In a letter transmitting the report to the General Assembly and Security Council, Annan stated that the Panel's recommendations were essential to making the United Nations truly credible as a force for peace.[48] Later that same year, the Security Council adopted several provisions relating to peacekeeping following the report, in Resolution 1327.[49] Millennium Development Goals [edit] In 2000, Annan issued a report titled We the Peoples: the Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century. The report called for member states to "put people at the centre of everything we do": "No calling is more noble, and no responsibility greater, than that of enabling men, women and children, in cities and villages around the world, to make their lives better."[52]: 7 In the final chapter of the report, Annan called to "free our fellow men and women from the abject and dehumanizing poverty in which more than 1 billion of them are currently confined".[52]: 77 At the Millennium Summit in September 2000, national leaders adopted the Millennium Declaration, which the United Nations Secretariat subsequently implemented as the Millennium Development Goals in 2001. United Nations Information Technology Service [edit] Within the We the Peoples document, Annan suggested the establishment of a United Nations Information Technology Service (UNITeS), a consortium of high-tech volunteer corps, including NetCorps Canada and Net Corps America, which United Nations Volunteers (UNV) would coordinate. In the "Report of the high-level panel of experts on information and communication technology",[54] suggesting a UN ICT Task Force, the panel welcomed the establishment of UNITeS. It made suggestions on its configuration and implementation strategy, including that ICT4D volunteering opportunities make mobilising "national human resources" (local ICT experts) within developing countries a priority for both men and women. The initiative was launched at the UNV and was active from February 2001 to February 2005. Initiative staff and volunteers participated in the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in Geneva in December 2003.[55] United Nations Global Compact [edit] In an address to the World Economic Forum on 31 January 1999, Annan argued that the "goals of the United Nations and those of business can, indeed, be mutually supportive" and proposed that the private sector and the United Nations initiate "a global compact of shared values and principles, which will give a human face to the global market".[56] On 26 July 2000, the United Nations Global Compact was officially launched at UN headquarters in New York. It is a principle-based framework for businesses which aims to "[c]atalyse actions in support of broader UN goals, such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)".[57] The Compact established ten core principles in the areas of human rights, labour, the environment and anti-corruption. Under the Compact, companies commit to the ten principles and are brought together with UN agencies, labour groups and civil society to implement them effectively. Establishment of The Global Fund [edit] Towards the end of the 1990s, increased awareness of the destructive potential of epidemics such as HIV/AIDS pushed public health issues to the top of the global development agenda. In April 2001, Annan issued a five-point "Call to Action" to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Stating it was a "personal priority", Annan proposed the establishment of a Global AIDS and Health Fund, "dedicated to the battle against HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases",[58] to stimulate the increased international spending needed to help developing countries confront the HIV/AIDS crisis. In June of that year, the General Assembly of the United Nations committed to creating such a fund during a special session on AIDS,[59] and the permanent secretariat of the Global Fund was subsequently established in January 2002. Responsibility to Protect [edit] Following the failure of Annan and the international community to intervene in the genocide in Rwanda and in Srebrenica, Annan asked whether the international community had an obligation in such situations to intervene to protect civilian populations. In a speech to the General Assembly on 20 September 1999, "to address the prospects for human security and intervention in the next century",[61] Annan argued that individual sovereignty—the protections afforded by the Declaration of Human Rights and the Charter of the UN—was being strengthened, while the notion of state sovereignty was being redefined by globalisation and international co-operation. As a result, the UN and its member states had to consider a willingness to act to prevent conflict and civilian suffering, a dilemma between "two concepts of sovereignty" that Annan also presented in a preceding article in The Economist on 16 September 1999.[63] In the March 2000 Millennium Report to the UN, Annan asked: "If humanitarian intervention is, indeed, an unacceptable assault on sovereignty, how should we respond to a Rwanda, to a Srebrenica – to gross and systematic violations of human rights that affect every precept of our common humanity?"[64] In September 2001, the Canadian government established an ad hoc committee to address this balance between state sovereignty and humanitarian intervention. The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty published its final report in 2001, which focused not on the right of states to intervene but on a responsibility to protect populations at risk. The report moved beyond military intervention, arguing that various diplomatic and humanitarian actions could also be utilised to protect civilian populations.[65] In 2005, Annan included the doctrine of "Responsibility to Protect" (RtoP) in his report In Larger Freedom.[65] When the UN General Assembly endorsed that report, it amounted to the first formal endorsement by UN member states of the doctrine of RtoP.[66] Iraq [edit] In the years after 1998, when UNSCOM was expelled by the government of Saddam Hussein, and during the Iraq disarmament crisis, in which the United States blamed UNSCOM and former IAEA director Hans Blix for failing to disarm Iraq properly, former UNSCOM chief weapons inspector Scott Ritter blamed Annan for being slow and ineffective in enforcing Security Council resolutions on Iraq and being overtly submissive to the demands of the Clinton administration for regime removal and inspection of sites, often presidential palaces, that were not mandated in any resolution and were of questionable intelligence value, severely hampering UNSCOM's ability to co-operate with the Iraqi government and contributing to their expulsion from the country.[67][68] Ritter also claimed that Annan regularly interfered with the work of the inspectors and diluted the chain of command by trying to micromanage all of the activities of UNSCOM, which caused intelligence processing (and the resulting inspections) to be backed up and caused confusion with the Iraqis as to who was in charge and as a result, they generally refused to take orders from Ritter or Rolf Ekéus without explicit approval from Annan, which could have taken days, if not weeks. He later believed Annan was oblivious that the Iraqis took advantage of this to delay inspections. He claimed that on one occasion, Annan refused to implement a no-notice inspection of the Iraqi Special Security Organization (SSO) headquarters and instead tried to negotiate access. Still, the negotiation took nearly six weeks, giving the Iraqis more than enough time to clean the site.[69] During the build-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Annan called on the United States and the United Kingdom not to invade without the support of the United Nations. In a September 2004 interview on the BBC, when questioned about the legal authority for the invasion, Annan said he believed it was not in conformity with the UN charter and was illegal.[70][71] Other diplomatic activities [edit] In 1998, Annan was deeply involved in supporting the transition from military to civilian rule in Nigeria. The following year, he supported the efforts of East Timor to secure independence from Indonesia. In 2000, he was responsible for certifying Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon, and in 2006, he led talks in New York between the presidents of Cameroon and Nigeria, which led to a settlement of the dispute between the two countries over the Bakassi peninsula.[72] Annan and Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad disagreed sharply on Iran's nuclear program, on an Iranian exhibition of cartoons mocking the Holocaust, and on the then-upcoming International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust, an Iranian Holocaust denial conference in 2006.[73] During a visit to Iran instigated by continued Iranian uranium enrichment, Annan said: "I think the tragedy of the Holocaust is an undeniable historical fact and we should really accept that fact and teach people what happened in World War II and ensure it is never repeated".[73] Annan supported sending a UN peacekeeping mission to Darfur, Sudan.[74] He worked with the government of Sudan to accept a transfer of power from the African Union peacekeeping mission to a UN one.[75] Annan also worked with several Arab and Muslim countries on women's rights and other topics.[76] Beginning in 1998, Annan convened an annual UN "Security Council Retreat" with the 15 states' council representatives. It was held at the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF) Conference Center at the Rockefeller family estate in Pocantico Hills, New York, and was sponsored by both the RBF and the UN.[77] Lubbers sexual-harassment investigation [edit] In June 2004, Annan was given a copy of the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) report on the complaint brought by four female workers against Ruud Lubbers, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, for sexual harassment, abuse of authority, and retaliation. The report also reviewed a long-serving staff member's allegations of sexual harassment and misconduct against Werner Blatter, director of UNHCR personnel. The investigation found Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment; no mention was made publicly of the other charge against a senior official or two subsequent complaints filed later that year. During the official investigation, Lubbers wrote a letter which some considered a threat to the female worker who had brought the charges.[78] On 15 July 2004, Annan cleared Lubbers of the accusations, saying they were not substantial enough legally.[79] The internal UN–OIOS report on Lubbers was leaked, and sections accompanied by an article by Kate Holt were published in a British newspaper. In February 2005, Lubbers resigned as head of the UN refugee agency, saying he wanted to relieve political pressure on Annan.[80] Oil-for-Food scandal [edit] In December 2004, reports surfaced that the Secretary-General's son Kojo Annan received payments from the Swiss company Cotecna Inspection SA, which had won a lucrative contract under the UN Oil-for-Food Programme. Kofi Annan called for an investigation to look into the allegations.[81] On 11 November 2005, The Sunday Times agreed to apologise and pay a substantial sum in damages to Kojo Annan, accepting that the allegations were untrue.[82] Annan appointed the Independent Inquiry Committee,[83] which was led by former US Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcker,[84] then the director of the United Nations Association of the US. In his first interview with the Inquiry Committee, Annan denied meeting with Cotecna. Later in the inquiry, he recalled having met with Cotecna's chief executive Elie-Georges Massey twice. In a final report issued on 27 October, the committee found insufficient evidence to indict Annan on any illegal actions but did find fault with Benon Sevan, an Armenian-Cypriot national who had worked for the UN for about 40 years. Appointed by Annan to the Oil-For-Food role, Sevan repeatedly asked Iraqis for allocations of oil to the African Middle East Petroleum Company. Sevan's behaviour was "ethically improper", Volcker said to reporters. Sevan repeatedly denied the charges and argued that he was being made a "scapegoat".[85] The Volcker report was highly critical of the UN management structure and the Security Council oversight. It strongly recommended a new chief operating officer (COO) position to handle the fiscal and administrative responsibilities then under the Secretary-General's office. The report listed the Western and Middle Eastern companies that had benefited illegally from the program.[84] Nobel Peace Prize [edit] In 2001, its centennial year, the Nobel Committee decided that the Peace Prize was to be divided between the UN and Annan. They were awarded the Peace Prize "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world",[4] having revitalised the UN and prioritised human rights. The Nobel Committee also recognised his commitment to the struggle to contain the spread of HIV in Africa and his declared opposition to international terrorism.[86] Soon after Annan was awarded the Peace Prize, he was given a chieftaincy title by the Asantehene of Asanteman. The honour was conferred upon him for his "[selfless] contributions to humanity and promotion of peace throughout the world".[87] Relations between the United States and the UN [edit] Annan defended his deputy secretary-general Mark Malloch Brown,[88] who openly criticised the United States in a speech on 6 June 2006: "[T]he prevailing practice of seeking to use the UN almost by stealth as a diplomatic tool while failing to stand up for it against its domestic critics is simply not sustainable. You will lose the UN one way or another. [...] [That] the US is constructively engaged with the UN [...] is not well known or understood, in part because much of the public discourse that reaches the US heartland has been largely abandoned to its loudest detractors such as Rush Limbaugh and Fox News."[89] Malloch later said his talk was a "sincere and constructive critique of U.S. policy toward the U.N. by a friend and admirer".[90] The talk was unusual because it violated the unofficial policy of not having top officials publicly criticise member nations.[90] The interim US ambassador John Bolton, appointed by President George W. Bush, was reported to have told Annan on the phone: "I've known you since 1989 and I'm telling you this is the worst mistake by a senior UN official that I have seen in that entire time."[90] Observers from other nations supported Malloch's view that conservative politicians in the US prevented many citizens from understanding the benefits of US involvement in the UN.[91] Farewell addresses [edit] External videos Farewell Address by Kofi Annan, 11 December 2006, C-SPAN On 19 September 2006, Annan gave a farewell address to world leaders gathered at the UN headquarters in New York in anticipation of his retirement on 31 December. In the speech, he outlined three major problems of "an unjust world economy, world disorder, and widespread contempt for human rights and the rule of law", which he believed "have not resolved, but sharpened" during his time as secretary-general. He also pointed to violence in Africa and the Arab–Israeli conflict as two major issues warranting attention.[92] On 11 December 2006, in his final speech as secretary-general, delivered at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library in Independence, Missouri, Annan recalled President Truman's leadership in the founding of the United Nations. He called for the United States to return to Truman's multilateralist foreign policies and to follow Truman's doctrine that "the responsibility of the great states is to serve and not dominate the peoples of the world". He also said that the United States must maintain its commitment to human rights, "including in the struggle against terrorism".[93][94] Post-UN career [edit] After he served as UN secretary-general, Annan took up residence in Geneva and worked in a leading capacity on various international humanitarian endeavours.[95] Kofi Annan Foundation [edit] Main article: Kofi Annan Foundation In 2007, Annan established the Kofi Annan Foundation, an independent, not-for-profit organisation that "works to promote better global governance and strengthen the capacities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more secure world".[96][97] The organisation was founded on the principles that fair and peaceful societies rest on three pillars: peace and security, sustainable development, and human rights and the rule of law, and they have made it their mission to mobilise the leadership and the political resolve needed to tackle threats to these three pillars ranging from violent conflict to flawed elections and climate change, to achieve "a fairer, more peaceful world".[97] The Foundation provides the analytical, communication and co-ordination capacities needed to ensure that these objectives are achieved.[promotion?] Annan's contribution to peace worldwide is delivered through mediation, political mentoring, advocacy and advice.[promotion?] Through his engagement, Annan aimed to strengthen local and international conflict resolution capabilities. The Foundation provides the analytical and logistical support to facilitate this in cooperation with relevant local, regional and international actors.[98] The Foundation works mainly through private diplomacy, where Annan provided informal counsel and participated in discreet diplomatic initiatives to avert or resolve crises by applying his experience and inspirational leadership.[peacock prose] He was often asked to intercede in crises, sometimes as an impartial, independent mediator, sometimes as a special envoy of the international community. In recent years[timeframe?] he had provided such counsel to Burkina Faso, Kenya, Myanmar, Senegal, Iraq and Colombia.[99] Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation Process [edit] Following the outbreak of violence after the 2007 presidential elections in Kenya, the African Union (AU) established the Panel of Eminent African Personalities to assist in finding a peaceful solution to the crisis.[100] Annan was appointed as chair of the panel, to lead it with Benjamin Mkapa, former president of Tanzania; and humanitarian Graça Machel, the former first lady of Mozambique and South Africa.[101] The panel managed to convince the two principal parties to the conflict, Kenyan president Mwai Kibaki's Party of National Unity (PNU) and Raila Odinga's Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), to participate in the Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation Process (KNDR).[100] Over the course of 41 days of negotiations, several agreements regarding taking actions to stop the violence and to remedy its consequences were signed. On 28 February, President Kibaki and Prime Minister Odinga signed a coalition government agreement.[102][103] Joint Special Envoy for Syria [edit] On 23 February 2012, Annan was appointed as the UN and Arab League joint special envoy to Syria in an attempt to end the civil war taking place.[8] He developed a six-point plan for peace:[104] commit to work with the Envoy in an inclusive Syrian-led political process to address the legitimate aspirations and concerns of the Syrian people, and, to this end, commit to appoint an empowered interlocutor when invited to do so by the Envoy; commit to stop the fighting and achieve urgently an effective United Nations supervised cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties to protect civilians and stabilise the country. To this end, the Syrian government should immediately cease troop movements towards, and end the use of heavy weapons in, population centres, and begin pullback of military concentrations in and around population centres. As these actions are being taken on the ground, the Syrian government should work with the Envoy to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism. Similar commitments would be sought by the Envoy from the opposition and all relevant elements to stop the fighting and work with him to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism; ensure timely provision of humanitarian assistance to all areas affected by the fighting, and to this end, as immediate steps, to accept and implement a daily two-hour humanitarian pause and to coordinate exact time and modalities of the daily pause through an efficient mechanism, including at local level; intensify the pace and scale of release of arbitrarily detained persons, including especially vulnerable categories of persons, and persons involved in peaceful political activities, provide without delay through appropriate channels a list of all places in which such persons are being detained, immediately begin organizing access to such locations and through appropriate channels respond promptly to all written requests for information, access or release regarding such persons; ensure freedom of movement throughout the country for journalists and a non-discriminatory visa policy for them; respect freedom of association and the right to demonstrate peacefully as legally guaranteed. On 2 August, he resigned as envoy to Syria,[105] citing the intransigence of both the Assad government and the rebels, as well as the stalemate on the Security Council as preventing any peaceful resolution of the situation.[106] Annan also stated that the lack of international unity and ineffective diplomacy among world leaders had made the peaceful resolution in Syria an impossible task.[107] Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security [edit] Annan served as the chair of the Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security.[108] The commission was launched in May 2011 as a joint initiative of the Kofi Annan Foundation and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. It comprised 12 eminent individuals from around the world, including Ernesto Zedillo, Martti Ahtisaari, Madeleine Albright and Amartya Sen, and aimed to highlight the importance of the integrity of elections to achieving a more secure, prosperous and stable world. The Commission released its final report, Deepening Democracy, a Strategy to Improve the Integrity of Elections Worldwide,[109] in September 2012. Rakhine Commission (Myanmar) [edit] In September 2016, Annan was asked to lead the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State, Myanmar,[110][111][112][113] an impoverished region beset by ethnic conflict and extreme sectarian violence, particularly by Myanmar's Buddhist majority against the Rohingya Muslim minority, further targeted by government forces.[114][115][116][117] The commission, widely known simply as the "Annan Commission", was opposed by many Myanmar Buddhists as unwelcome interference in their relations with the Rohingya.[110] When the Annan Commission released its final report,[112] the week of 24 August 2017, with recommendations unpopular with all sides, violence exploded in the Rohingya conflict – the largest and bloodiest humanitarian disaster in the region in decades – driving most of the Rohingya from Myanmar.[117][116][118] Annan attempted to engage the United Nations to resolve the matter,[119] but failed. Annan died a week before the first anniversary of the report, shortly after an announcement by a replacement commission that it would not "point fingers" at the guilty parties – leading to widespread concern that the new commission was just a sham to protect culpable Myanmar government officials and citizens from accountability.[113][120][118][121] In 2018, before Annan's death, Myanmar's civilian government, under the direction of State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, made a gesture of acceptance of the Annan commission's recommendations by convening another board – the advisory board for the Committee for Implementation of the Recommendations on Rakhine State – ostensibly to implement the Annan commission's proposed reforms, but never actually implemented them. Some of the international representatives resigned – notably the panel's secretary, Thailand's former foreign minister Surakiart Sathirathai, and former US ambassador to the UN Bill Richardson – decrying the "implementation" committee as ineffective, or a "whitewash".[111][122] Other activities [edit] Corporate boards [edit] In March 2011,[123] Annan became a member of the advisory board for Investcorp Bank B. S. C.[124] Europe,[125] an international private equity firm and sovereign wealth fund owned by the United Arab Emirates. He held the position until 2018. Annan became a member of the Global Advisory Board of Macro Advisory Partners LLP, a risk and strategic consulting firm based in London and New York City for business, finance and government decision-makers, with some operations related to Investcorp.[126] Non-profit organisations [edit] In addition to the above, Annan also became involved with several organisations with both global and African focuses, including the following: United Nations Foundation, member of the board of directors (2008–2018)[127] University of Ghana, chancellor (2008–2018)[128] School of International and Public Affairs of Columbia University, global fellow (2009–2018)[129] The Committee on Global Thought at Columbia University, fellow[130] Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore (NUS), Li Ka Shing Professor (2009–2018)[131] Global Centre for Pluralism, member of the board of directors (2010–2018)[132][133] Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, chairman of the prize committee (2007–2018)[134] Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), chairman (2007–2018)[135] Global Humanitarian Forum, founder and president (2007–2018)[136] Global Commission on Drug Policy, founding commissioner. The commission had declared in a 2011 report that the war on drugs was a failure. Annan believed that, since drug use represents a health risk, it should be regulated, comparing it to the regulation of tobacco which reduced smoking in many countries. Annan served as chair of The Elders, a group of independent global leaders who work together on peace and human rights issues.[140][141] In November 2008, Annan and fellow elders Jimmy Carter and Graça Machel attempted to travel to Zimbabwe to make a first-hand assessment of the humanitarian situation in the country. Refused entry, the Elders instead carried out their assessment from Johannesburg, where they met Zimbabwe- and South Africa-based leaders from politics, business, international organisations, and civil society.[142] In May 2011, following months of political violence in Côte d'Ivoire, Annan travelled to the country with elders Desmond Tutu and Mary Robinson to encourage national reconciliation.[143] On 16 October 2014, Annan attended the One Young World Summit in Dublin. During a session with fellow elder Mary Robinson, Annan encouraged 1,300 young leaders from 191 countries to lead on intergenerational issues such as climate change and the need for action to take place now, not tomorrow:[144][145] We don't have to wait to act. The action must be now. You will come across people who think we should start tomorrow. Even for those who believe action should begin tomorrow, remind them tomorrow begins now, tomorrow begins today, so let's all move forward.[146] Annan chaired the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa. As chair, he facilitated coalition building to leverage and broker knowledge, in addition to convening decision-makers to influence policy and create lasting change in Africa.[promotion?] Every year, the Panel releases a report, the Africa Progress Report,[147] which outlines an issue of immediate importance to the continent and suggests a set of associated policies. In 2014, the Report highlighted the potential of African fisheries, agriculture, and forests to drive economic development.[148] The 2015 report explores the role of climate change and the potential of renewable energy investments in determining Africa's economic future.[149] Prioritisation of snakebite in the WHO Kofi Annan played a pivotal role in getting a WHO resolution on halving the burden of snakebite in late 2020's. [150] Memoir [edit] On 4 September 2012, Annan with Nader Mousavizadeh wrote a memoir, Interventions: A Life in War and Peace.[151] Published by Penguin Press, the book has been described as a "personal biography of global statecraft".[152] Personal life [edit] In 1965, Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from an aristocratic family. Several years later, they had a daughter, Ama, and a son, Kojo. The couple separated in the late 1970s,[153] and divorced in 1983.[13] In 1984, Annan married Nane Lagergren [sv], a Swedish lawyer at the UN and a maternal half-niece of diplomat Raoul Wallenberg. She has a daughter, Nina, from a previous marriage. In 2002, Annan was enstooled by Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II, the Asantehene of Asanteman, as the Busumuru of the Ashanti people - a Ghanaian chief. He was the first person to hold this title.[156][157] Death and state funeral [edit] Annan died on the morning of 18 August 2018 in Bern, Switzerland, at the age of 80, after a short illness.[158][159] António Guterres, the UN secretary-general, said that Annan was "a global champion for peace" and "a guiding force for good".[160][158] Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad also said he is saddened by the death of Annan.[161] His body was returned to his native Ghana from Geneva in a brief and solemn ceremony at the Kotoka International Airport in Accra, on 10 September.[162] His coffin, draped in the blue UN flag, was accompanied by his widow Nane, his children and senior diplomats from the international organisation.[162][163] On 13 September, a state funeral was held for Annan in Ghana at the Accra International Conference Centre.[164] The ceremony was attended by several political leaders from across Africa as well as Ghanaian traditional rulers, European royalty and dignitaries from the international community, including the UN secretary-general António Guterres.[165] Prior to the funeral service, his body lay in state in the foyer of the same venue, from 11 to 12 September.[166] A private burial followed the funeral service at the new Military Cemetery at Burma Camp, with full military honours and the sounding of the Last Post by army buglers and a 17-gun salute.[167][168][169][170] Memorials and legacy [edit] The United Nations Postal Administration released a new stamp in memory of Annan on 31 May 2019.[171] His portrait on the stamp was designed by artist Martin Mörck.[171] The Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre and the Ghana-India Kofi Annan Centre of Excellence in ICT, both in Accra, are named in his honour. The Kofi Annan University of Guinea is named after him.[citation needed] See also [edit] List of black Nobel laureates References [edit] Citations [edit] Bibliography [edit] Further reading [edit] Kofi Annan Foundation Kofi Annan papers Archived 4 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine at the United Nations Archives Kofi Annan on Nobelprize.org (including Nobel Lecture, 10 December 2001) Speeches Statements of Secretary-General Kofi Annan at the Wayback Machine (archived 7 July 2004) Nobel Peace Prize lecture Archived 12 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine Lectures The MacArthur Award for International Justice, 2008 Archived 8 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law Archived 12 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine
7734	dbpedia	2	65	https://tommiesports.com/news/2010/4/13/4_13_2010_399.aspx	en	Gene's Blog: It's Tuesdays with Morrie... and Murrey	https://tommiesports.com	https://tommiesports.com	[ "https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=3005086&cv=2.0&cj=1", "https://dxbhsrqyrr690.cloudfront.net/sidearm.nextgen.sites/tommiesports.com/images/responsive_2021/logo.svg", "http://static.stthomas.edu/tommiesports/images/baseoleanweb.jpg", "https://dxbhsrqyrr690.cloudfront.net/sidearm.nextgen.sites/tommiesports.com/images/2024/6/12/Bryce_Leedle_42724Baseball-403.jpg?width=300&height=168&mode=crop&anchor=topcenter&quality=80", "https://dxbhsrqyrr690.cloudfront.net/sidearm.nextgen.sites/tommiesports.com/images/2024/6/4/Multi_Player_Feature__12_.jpg?width=300&height=168&mode=crop&anchor=topcenter&quality=80", "https://dxbhsrqyrr690.cloudfront.net/sidearm.nextgen.sites/tommiesports.com/images/2024/5/21/Multi_Player_Feature__10_.jpg?width=300&height=168&mode=crop&anchor=topcenter&quality=80", "https://dxbhsrqyrr690.cloudfront.net/sidearm.nextgen.sites/tommiesports.com/images/2024/5/20/Max_Nyrop_42924Baseball-370.jpg?width=300&height=168&mode=crop&anchor=topcenter&quality=80", "https://dxbhsrqyrr690.cloudfront.net/sidearm.nextgen.sites/tommiesports.com/images/2024/5/18/team_-_079.jpg?width=300&height=168&mode=crop&anchor=topcenter&quality=80", "https://dxbhsrqyrr690.cloudfront.net/sidearm.nextgen.sites/tommiesports.com/images/responsive_2021/footer-st-thomas.png", "https://dxbhsrqyrr690.cloudfront.net/sidearm.nextgen.sites/tommiesports.com/images/responsive_2021/footer-ccha.png", "https://dxbhsrqyrr690.cloudfront.net/sidearm.nextgen.sites/tommiesports.com/images/responsive_2021/footer-pioneer.png", "https://dxbhsrqyrr690.cloudfront.net/sidearm.nextgen.sites/tommiesports.com/images/responsive_2021/footer-summit.png", "https://dxbhsrqyrr690.cloudfront.net/sidearm.nextgen.sites/tommiesports.com/images/responsive_2021/footer-wcha.png", "https://dxbhsrqyrr690.cloudfront.net/sidearm.nextgen.sites/tommiesports.com/images/responsive_2021/footer-ncaa.png", "https://dxbhsrqyrr690.cloudfront.net/sidearm.nextgen.sites/tommiesports.com/images/responsive_2021/footer-bsn.png", "https://tommiesports.com/images/logos/site/site.png?width=48", "https://di.rlcdn.com/api/segment?pid=712104&pdata=source%3D502%2Ceventtype%3D1001%2CdivisionID%3D249" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "The University of St. Thomas" ]	2010-04-13T00:00:00	Sports fans will find several interesting events this week on or near the St. Thomas campus.	en	/images/logos/site/site.png	The University of St. Thomas	https://tommiesports.com/news/2010/4/13/4_13_2010_399.aspx	Box Score 1 \| Box Score 2 April 13, 2010 Sports fans will find several interesting events this week on or near the St. Thomas campus. Weather permitting, the fun starts today. --Two of the Midwest Region's best pitchers -- 2010 pro draft prospects James Murrey of Macalester and Matt Schuld of UST -- will be on display at Koch Diamond in baseball when No. 1-ranked St. Thomas plays a doubleheader against the Scots. Today's two seven-inning games start at 2:30 p.m. --Softball coach John Tschida will coach his 700th college game on Saturday with a 1 p.m. home doubleheader against St. Catherine. The Tommies also play home softball doubleheaders today against St. Mary's and Wednesday against Hamline (both 4 p.m. starts). --Journalist and best-selling author Mitch Albom (Tuesdays with Morrie, The Five People You Meet in Heaven) will speak on the St. Thomas campus at 7:30 p.m. on Sunday April 18. (http://www.stthomas.edu/bulletin/2010/04/09/'tuesdays-with-morrie'-author-mitch-albom-to-speak-here-april-18/?WT.ac=ulc10099.usthp1) --Former NFL quarterback Rich Gannon will be a speaker Sunday night on the Tommie campus as the Minnesota chapter of the National Football Foundation holds its annual dinner. --The Tommie men's track and field team hosts a Friday night meet at O'Shaughnessy Stadium that includes several Minnesota Gopher athletes as well as numerous top D-III squads. --St. Thomas and Macalester will play in men's and women's tennis this weekend on the Scots' courts, one mile from UST. The men's winner could have the inside track on a top-three MIAC finish. And if a road trip sounds appealing, the Tommies' No. 1-ranked men's club lacrosse team plays No. 7-ranked St. John's next Saturday at 1 p.m. at Clemens Stadium in Collegeville. Tuesday's games Last week, the wind was blowing in when St. John's and St. Thomas played two baseball games at Koch Diamond. The teams combined to score just eight runs on a day when the wind aided the pitchers. It looks like a strong wind will blow out from home plate for today's home games against Macalester. This could be a day for the hitters and will test the pitchers' ability to keep the ball down in the strike zone. The 2010 Tommies lead Division III with a 2.31 earned-run average. In St. Thomas' last 32 games dating back to May 2009, they are 28-4 and haven't allowed more than five runs in any games. Macalester's Murrey, who has never faced the Tommies, has been outstanding on his career despite limited run support. He's 23-11 with a 2.38 ERA and 258 strikeouts and 76 walks in 215 innings. UST's Schuld, 4-0 this season, is 24-3 on his career including two wins against the Scots. The senior right hander is 10-0 in his last 11 starts dating back to last April 28, with eight complete games. The only game he didn't win he worked 12 innings of a 17-inning Tommie victory over UW-Stevens Point in the NCAA regional playoffs. On his career, Schuld has 3.08 ERA with 189 strikeouts and 83 walks in 213 innings. In five career NCAA playoff games, he is 3-1 with a 1.95 ERA, including two NCAA elimination-game wins last May on short rest. Meanwhile in softball. Tschida will face his alma mater and former St. Mary's program today on the South Field. Senior All-American Alison Wright, who has an 18-game hitting streak, needs nine hits to become the MIAC career leader. Almost perfect Chris Olean will mark a unique 10-year anniversary this week. The Tommies' interim head baseball coach was in his first season in Class A baseball with the Milwaukee Brewers' organization back in April 2000. After leading St. Thomas to the College World Series and an NCAA runner-up finish in 1999, Olean was a 17th-round draft pick of the Brewers. Olean pitched in the Rookie League in summer 1999 in Ogden, Utah, and was assigned to the Beloit (Wis.) Snappers in 2000 in the Class A Midwest League. He came into April as a middle-reliever in a Brewers' farm system that had an abundance of young pitchers. On the April 15 trip to Iowa. Olean was given his first Class A start for a game in Davenport against the Quad City River Bandits . The game was in the same park where Jake and Joe Mauer would later play their first Class A season with Quad Cities. "I was feeling sick all day and a little weak and stayed in bed much of the day," Olean said. "I had a little sink to my ball that night, and I was getting a ton of ground outs." Before you knew it, Olean had retired the first 24 batters and took a 5-0 lead and a perfect game into the bottom of the ninth inning. But the River Bandits' Matt Scanlon -- a former Minnesota Gopher player -- led off the ninth inning with a broken-bat double down the left-field line. Olean lost the no-hitter and eventually the shutout, but he got a complete-game one-hitter. He threw just 73 pitchers and never had a three-ball count. Olean had played against Scanlon in high school. Last summer, Olean had a chance to play golf with the former Gopher. "I still joke with him that of all his minor-league at-bats, he couldn't just let that one go," Olean said. Olean had one of the best seasons ever by a conference pitcher as a senior in 1999. He was named first team All-American with a 9-2 record, including a 1-0 nine-inning loss to North Carolina Wesleyan in the NCAA title game. He was second in Division III in ERA (0.60) in 1999, and had 97 strikeouts and only eight walks. Olean broke both the UST modern strikeout records for career (246 in 248 innings) and season (97). His 24-8 career record at St. Thomas included a 15-1 mark in MIAC games. Olean finished his 2000 season with the Snappers with a 6-1 record, with five saves and a 3.50 ERA. But he decided to leave pro baseball and return to the Twin Cities. He later pitched one season with the St. Paul Saints and worked the next nine seasons as St. Thomas' pitching coach, where he was part of both NCAA champion teams. He's also been a player-coach in local amateur baseball with the Miesville Mudhens. He was tapped as the interim UST head coach in January and has St. Thomas off to an 18-2 start (two one-run losses), plus a No. 1 Division III ranking. Big dreams for ex-Tom Former Tommie javelin thrower Dave Diercks, now a reserve officer in the U.S. Air Force, will spend the next two years training for a shot at the U.S. Olympic Trials. He's been selected as one of 10 Air Force elite competitors to take part in its World Class Athletics Program. Diercks' best throw last year was 229-11 -- which ranked 23th among all American collegian and post-collegians in 2009. A native of Faribault, Diercks ranks fourth on the Tommies' all-time javelin list with a collegiate best of 192-6 in 2005. He was MIAC runner-up as a junior in 2004, then took ninth at nationals and was conference champion as a senior in 2005. Click here to see a recent story on his unique training site. The story by Mark Remme appeared in Diercks' hometown newspaper, the Faribault Daily News: http://www.faribault.com/news.php?viewStory=98139 MIAC pride The MIAC annually graduates several thousand men and women who go on to succeed in a variety of professional fields. There are not enough blogs to capture the many contributions and unique jobs held by the graduates of our 13 institutions. In recent days alone, these conference alumni were in the spotlight: --Bethel grad Jeff Nelson was the home-plate umpire for Monday's Target Field debut game won by the Twins over Boston. --Carleton grad T.J. Stiles ('86) learned Monday that he won a Pulitzer Prize for Biography writing. --Gustavus grad Kurt Elling ('89), a recent Grammy Award recipient as a jazz vocalist, will perform at this weekend's Monterey Jazz Fesitval. --Macalester grad Kofi Annan ('61), the former Secretary General of the United Nations, celebrated his 72nd birthday last Thursday. --Cobber grad Chris Coste, at age 37, continues his pro baseball career. The ex-Phillies catcher recently signed with the Washington Nationals and is starting the 2010 season at Class AAA Syracuse, where he could catch the 2009 No. 1 draft pick, Stephen Strasburg of San Diego State, sometime this season, if he's not recalled to the majors. --St. Thomas grad Jake Mauer ('01) just finished his first weekend as head coach of the Minnesota Twins' Florida State League team, the Fort Myers Miracle. Jake has bigger challenges -- his brother Joe's birthday is next Monday. What do you give a man who has everything?
7734	dbpedia	3	91	https://kathmandupost.com/miscellaneous/2018/08/25/the-elder-statesman	en	The elder statesman	https://assets-cdn.kathm…y_1535160364.jpg	https://assets-cdn.kathm…y_1535160364.jpg	[ "https://jcss-cdn.kathmandupost.com/assets/images/logo-sticky-bar-tkp-weekender-1.png", "https://jcss-cdn.kathmandupost.com/assets/images/logos/thekathmandupost-logo-white.png", "https://jcss-cdn.kathmandupost.com/assets/images/logos/thekathmandupost-logo.png", "https://jcss-cdn.kathmandupost.com/assets/images/tkp-logo-weekender.png", "https://openweathermap.org/img/w/02d.png", "https://openweathermap.org/img/w/02d.png", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2018/others/nahman-lhrars-portait-of-kofi-annan-copy_1535160364.jpg&w=900&height=601", "https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/author/z/default-user-image.png", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2024/third-party/Screenshot%202024-07-20%20at%2007.24.15.png&w=200&height=120", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2019/default/tkp-no-image-bnw.jpg&w=200&height=120", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2022/news/womeninSTEM-1662869348.jpg&w=200&height=120", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2022/news/highschool-1662869163.jpg&w=200&height=120", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2022/news/nursing-1662868686.jpg&w=200&height=120", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2022/third-party/HultPrizeatSaraswatiMultipleCampusConcludedwithGrandSuccess-1647493160.jpg&w=200&height=120", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2024/money/touristcopy-1724029512.jpg&w=300&height=200", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2024/third-party/court-1724633415.jpg&w=300&height=200", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2024/news/rhino-1724545494.jpg&w=300&height=200", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2024/news/1PremBahadurDanuwarFloodAffected-1724460353.jpg&w=300&height=200", "https://assets-api.kathmandupost.com/thumb.php?src=https://assets-cdn.kathmandupost.com/uploads/source/news/2024/third-party/alex-1723597888.jpg&w=300&height=200", "https://jcss-cdn.kathmandupost.com/assets/images/icon-devices.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2018-08-25T00:00:00	Kofi Annan, in one of his interviews, had said that he wanted to join Ghanaian politics, “retire at the age of 60 on a farm, and die in my bed at 80.” Annan managed only the latter part of that desire, dying at the age of 80 on August 18, 2018.	en	https://jcss-cdn.kathmandupost.com/assets/images/device-icon/ficon.ico		https://kathmandupost.com/miscellaneous/2018/08/25/the-elder-statesman	Kofi Annan, in one of his interviews, had said that he wanted to join Ghanaian politics, “retire at the age of 60 on a farm, and die in my bed at 80.” Annan managed only the latter part of that desire, dying at the age of 80 on August 18, 2018. Annan never joined Ghanaian politics, even though he could easily have been elected president before or after the completion of his term as Secretary General of the United Nations. He did not die on his farm either; rather, it was in a hospital bed in Switzerland’s capital city of Bern. And, he did not retire at the age of 60; instead, he remained active until the end of his life. The last leg of his journey was in Zimbabwe, most likely one that involved a silent diplomatic mission to resolve a brewing crisis in aftermath of its recent election. Much has already been said and written about Annan and his contributions to global peace and prosperity. Here, I would like to confine myself to personal encounters, direct and indirect, to pay homage to one of the most well-respected and globally-admired statesmen of our time. Kofi Annan had left the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) long before I joined the organisation in 1989. He had already established himself as one of the most prominent senior staff members at the United Nations headquarters in New York. At that time, my eldest daughter Bandita was about to join Macalester College in Saint Paul, Minnesota and when the UNHCR director of human resources heard this, he remarked casually, “There’s where my friend Kofi graduated from.” On the first day of college, Annan, honoured as the ‘Man of the Year 1994’ was there to welcome the new students. He was then Under Secretary General and head of the UN Peacekeeping Force. Four years later, during Bandita’s graduation, Kofi Annan, by then UN Secretary General delivered the keynote address to the graduating students of 1998. My second daughter too went on to share the same alma mater with Annan. Annan reportedly maintained the same close relationship with Mfantsipim School and Kumasi College in Ghana, the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, and the Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Massachusetts. Admittedly, the education he received at these institutions must have contributed to his ability to reach the top of the UN and remain at the helm of international diplomacy. But his devotion to give back to these institutions, in a very personal manner, is equally noteworthy. Annan visited UNHCR headquarters in Geneva twice while I was still working there. In 1999, I had the opportunity to listen to him as a guest speaker at the Lester B Pearson International Peacekeeping Training Center. He is one of the few speakers I have heard, who, while delivering a speech or during his personal conversation, chooses each and every word with care, and delivers it with the utmost sincerity and eloquence. While at UNHCR, I came across a few senior colleagues, including those from Ghana, who were recruited by and worked under Kofi Annan. Some of them preferred to call him their friend. However, to my knowledge, he selected only four of his colleagues from UNHCR to join him in New York. Among them was Nane Lagergren, who he married in 1984 and remained lifelong partners with. The other three were Sergio Vieira de Mello, Mark Malloch Brown and Sashi Tharoor. Sergio Vieira de Mello died in August 19, 2003 when a suicide bomber drove a truck loaded with explosives inside the UN headquarters in Baghdad. De Mello was then Special Representative of the Secretary General, and in all likelihood, would have been the second UN staff member to be appointed as Secretary General after Kofi Annan. Shashi Tharoor was defeated by Ban Ki-moon by a narrow margin to succeed Kofi Annan. After resigning from the UN, Tharoor went on to join the Indian Congress and was elected Member of Parliament. Soon after, he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs and continues to be a member of the Indian Parliament. Mark Malloch Brown, a British citizen, was appointed by Kofi Annan as Deputy Secretary General. After leaving the UN, Brown became the Minister of State at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Such were Annan’s leadership skills—to not only exalt himself, but to lift others who can leave their own marks behind. Many Nepalis, particularly those working for the UN during different time periods, knew Kofi Annan. However, Bhojraj Pokharel, former Chief Election Commissioner, was handpicked by Annan to serve as a member of the Electoral Integrity core team of the Kofi Annan Foundation. Established in 2007, the Kofi Annan Foundation is an independent, not-for-profit organisation that works “to promote better global governance and strengthen the capacities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more peaceful world.” Top world leaders are on its governing bodies. It’s a matter of pride and honour for us Nepalis that one of our fellow citizens is one of its members. When I got the news about Kofi Annan’s demise, I immediately called up Bhojraj ji, who had received the news from the Kofi Annan Foundation long before I heard from the BBC. According to Bhojraj, Annan possessed an unpretentious personality blended with a combination of self-assurance, self-control, and simplicity. He was a man with global trust and credibility—virtues that enabled him to work with all types of Heads of State and world leaders, and also command their respect. Annan was concerned with democracy, peace and prosperity and strongly believed in the integrity of the electoral process. Bhojraj is a bit concerned about the future of the Kofi Annan Foundation, having lost its central force. He believes that Annan’s shoes are too big for anyone to fill in the field of global peace and electoral democracy. It is no secret that Annan advocated for a strong UN system to help eliminate poverty, reduce income disparities and make and maintain peace. “We are not only all responsible for each other’s security, we are also in some measure, responsible for each other’s welfare,” he once said. “Global solidarity is both necessary and possible. It is necessary because without a measure of solidarity no society can be truly stable, and no one’s prosperity is truly secure”. With the demise of Kofi Annan, this world has lost a statesman who advocated for freedom from poverty, inequality, oppression and injustice.
7734	dbpedia	1	88	https://edurank.org/uni/kwame-nkrumah-university-of-science-and-technology/	en	Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology [Acceptance Rate + Statistics]	https://edurank.org/asse…img/og-image.jpg	https://edurank.org/asse…img/og-image.jpg	[ "https://edurank.org/assets/img/logo.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/uni-logos/kwame-nkrumah-university-of-science-and-technology-logo.png", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/edurank-badge.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/alumni/kofi-annan.jpg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/alumni/mr-eazi.jpg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/alumni/el-anatsui.jpg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/alumni/john-dumelo.jpg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/alumni/nana-konadu-agyeman-rawlings.jpg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/alumni/chris-attoh.jpg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/alumni/opoku-ware-ii.jpg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/alumni/matthew-opoku-prempeh.jpg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/alumni/kofi-annan.jpg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/alumni/mr-eazi.jpg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/nigeria-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/alumni/el-anatsui.jpg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/alumni/john-dumelo.jpg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/alumni/nana-konadu-agyeman-rawlings.jpg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/alumni/chris-attoh.jpg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/alumni/opoku-ware-ii.jpg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/alumni/matthew-opoku-prempeh.jpg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/alumni/okyeame-kwame.jpg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/flags/ghana-flag.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/logo.svg", "https://edurank.org/assets/img/misc/info-mail.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "EduRank" ]	2019-11-21T11:30:00-08:00	The Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology has an acceptance rate of 54%, enrollment - 85,000, founded in 1951. Main academic topics: Biology, Liberal Arts & Social Sciences, and Environmental Science.	en	/favicon.png	EduRank.org - Discover university rankings by location	https://edurank.org/uni/kwame-nkrumah-university-of-science-and-technology/	Acceptance rate & Admissions Acceptance Rate54% Admissions RequirementsGeneral Certificate of Education (GCE), Ordinary ('O') level, with 5 credits, including English, and General Certificate of Education Advanced ('A') level, with 2 passes. Senior Secondary School Certificate (SSCE) with passes in core English and Mathematics and three elective subjects relevant to chosen programme with a total aggregate of 24 Academic CalendarSeptember to June (September - January; March-June) Enrollment85,000 We've calculated the 54% acceptance rate for Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology based on the ratio of admissions to applications and other circumstantial enrollment data. Treat this information as a rough guide and not as a definitive measure of your chances of admission. Different programs may have significantly varying admissions rates. Programs and Degrees The table below displays academic fields with programs and courses that lead to Bachelor's, Master's, and Doctorate degrees offered by Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. Note that the table provides a general overview and might not cover all the specific majors available at the university. Always visit the university's website for the most up-to-date information on the programs offered. Programs Bachelor Master Doctoral Art & Design Yes Yes TBD Biology Yes Yes Yes Business Yes Yes Yes Chemistry Yes Yes Yes Computer Science Yes Yes Yes Economics Yes Yes Yes Engineering Yes Yes Yes Environmental Science Yes Yes Yes Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Yes Yes Yes Mathematics Yes Yes Yes Medicine Yes Yes TBD Physics Yes Yes Yes Psychology Yes TBD TBD Master's Degree Agronomy, Architecture, Business Administration, Computer Science, Crop Production, Education, Finance, Food Science, Information Technology, Insurance, Law, Leadership, Management, Political Sciences, Public Administration, Statistics, Transport Management Master of Philosophy Architecture, Building Technologies, Computer Science, English, Finance, French, Information Technology, Management, Political Sciences Doctorate Building Technologies, English, French, Management
7734	dbpedia	1	26	https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/news/former-un-boss-kofi-annan-is-dead/2018/	en	Former UN Boss Kofi Annan Is dead	https://i0.wp.com/www.gb…it=32%2C32&ssl=1	https://i0.wp.com/www.gb…it=32%2C32&ssl=1	[ "https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-gbc_header-1.png?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.akatanews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/kofi-annan-moba-300x184.jpg?resize=800%2C490&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.akatanews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/anna-and-wife-300x200.jpg?resize=800%2C533&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Ethel.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Ethel.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/guru.jpg?fit=300%2C183&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/sugarcane.jpg?fit=300%2C198&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/FB_IMG_1723855535217.jpg?fit=300%2C206&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG-20240817-WA0116.jpg?fit=300%2C203&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/NPP.jpeg?fit=300%2C214&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/PNC.jpg?fit=300%2C167&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Politics-NDC-Campaign-1-e1723899857944.jpg?fit=300%2C223&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/FB_IMG_1723589978128-e1723899063475.jpg?fit=300%2C169&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG_4701-1-e1723898339903.jpg?fit=300%2C205&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Richard-Ahiagbah.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/455957352_1036521708142618_2235922562244165467_n.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Ethel.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/guru.jpg?fit=300%2C183&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/sugarcane.jpg?fit=300%2C198&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/FB_IMG_1723855535217.jpg?fit=300%2C206&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-cropped-gbc_header-1.png?fit=512%2C511&ssl=1" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Ruth Abla Adjorlolo" ]	2018-08-18T09:23:04+00:00	A Former United Nations (UN) Secretary General, Kofi Annan is dead. He died at a hospital in Switzerland, Saturday morning at age 80.	en	https://i0.wp.com/www.gb…it=32%2C32&ssl=1	GBC Ghana Online - The Nation\'s Broadcaster \| Breaking News from Ghana, Business, Sports, Entertainment, Fashion and Video News	https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/news/former-un-boss-kofi-annan-is-dead/2018/	A Former United Nations (UN) Secretary General, Kofi Annan is dead. He died at a hospital in Switzerland, Saturday morning at age 80. A close source in Switzerland who confirmed his death to gbcghanaonline’s Ruth Abla Adjorlolo said Kofi Annan died Saturday morning August 18, 2018, at a hospital in Switzerland, after short illness. The Ghanaian diplomat served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Mr. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He is the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organization founded by Nelson Mandela. Born in Kumasi April 8, 1938, Kofi Atta Annan attended the Mfantsipim Secondary school from 1954 to 1957. He is a member of MOBA 1957 Year Group. In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies in economics at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, in 1961. Annan then completed a diplôme d’études approfondies DEA degree in International Relations at The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961–62. After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management from 1971 to 72. Kofi Annan went on to study economics at Macalester College, International Relations from the Graduate Institute Geneva and management at MIT. Annan joined the UN in 1962, working for the World Health Organization‘s Geneva office. He went on to work in several capacities at the UN Headquarters including serving as the Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping between March 1992 and December 1996. Mr. Annan was appointed as the Secretary-General on 13 December 1996 by the Security Council, and later confirmed by the General Assembly, making him the first office holder to be elected from the UN staff itself. He was re-elected for a second term in 2001, and was succeeded as Secretary-General by Ban Ki-moon on 1 January 2007. As the Secretary-General, Annan reformed the UN bureaucracy; worked to combat HIV, especially in Africa; and launched the UN Global Compact. He has been criticized for not expanding the Security Council and faced calls for resignation after an investigation into the Oil-for-Food Programme. After leaving the UN, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation in 2007 to work on international development. In 2012, Annan was the UN–Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria, to help find a resolution to the ongoing conflict there. Annan quit after becoming frustrated with the UN’s lack of progress with regard to conflict resolution. In September 2016, Annan was appointed to lead a UN commission to investigate the Rohingya crisis. Kofi Annan left behind his spouse Nane Maria Annan and their children, Ama, Kojo and Nina who were by his side during his last days. Portions of this article was culled from Wikipedia
7734	dbpedia	2	73	https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/dr-kwame-dattey/	en	Dr. Kwame Dattey	https://i0.wp.com/www.pr…430%2C2430&ssl=1	https://i0.wp.com/www.pr…430%2C2430&ssl=1	[ "https://i0.wp.com/www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/University-Logo-New-02.jpg?fit=2430%2C2430&ssl=1" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2020-02-25T09:48:29+00:00	Dr Kwame Dattey graduated from the University of Ghana with an upper second-class bachelor’s degree - BA (Hons) in Sociology with Political Science in 1982. He also holds a Master of Education (M.Ed.) degree in Administration and Policy Studies (1992) from McGill University, Canada. In November 2018, he was awarded the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)	en	https://i0.wp.com/www.pr…it=32%2C32&ssl=1	Presbyterian University, Ghana \| Discipline In Leadership	https://www.presbyuniversity.edu.gh/site/dr-kwame-dattey/	Dr Kwame Dattey graduated from the University of Ghana with an upper second-class bachelor’s degree – BA (Hons) in Sociology with Political Science in 1982. He also holds a Master of Education (M.Ed.) degree in Administration and Policy Studies (1992) from McGill University, Canada. In November 2018, he was awarded the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree by University of Groningen, Netherlands after successfully defending his thesis on the Influence of Accreditation on Quality Assurance in Ghanaian Universities. Dr Dattey began his professional career as a university administrator in his alma mater after the mandatory National Service with the Ghana Cocoa Board and a brief stint as a Teaching Assistant at the Sociology Department in the University of Ghana. He served on various Boards and Committees of the university as Secretary, notable of which were the Board of Graduate Studies, Scholarships Committee and as the Administrative Secretary of the Institute of Adult Education, now the School of Continuing Education. While in the service of the University of Ghana, he was granted permission to assist the then Koforidua Polytechnic and later, the Bulk Oil Storage and Transportation (BOST) to establish their respective administrative structures. In the year 2003, he was appointed Executive Secretary of the National Accreditation Board (NAB) as a result of which he retired voluntarily from the services of University of Ghana. He served continuously with the Board for fifteen years until he retired compulsorily at the end of July, 2018. Some of his notable achievements with the Board are listed below: Streamlining the structures and procedures of the Board including creation of standing committees to oversee specialized functions Expanding and departmentalizing the secretariat of the Board to efficiently implement the Boards policies and decisions Initiating biennial stakeholders’ meetings to educate and share information with the public on accreditation and quality assurance issues and measures Leading the processes and procedures leading to the assessment and chartering of four public university colleges and five private university colleges Supervising the assessment processes leading to the implementation of government policy to upgrade all (17 then) Nursing Training Colleges to tertiary education status Supervising the assessment processes leading to the upgrading of all 38 public and 3 private Teacher Training Colleges to tertiary education status Expansion of accredited tertiary education institutions to include professional training institutions such as the Armed Forces Command and Staff College, Ghana Institute of Journalism, National Film and Television Institute and the Kofi Annan Peace Training Institute Growth of accredited higher education institutions from about 10 in 2004 to 268 by the middle of 2018 Expanding the accreditation process to cover institutional reviews and programmes of all public (as against the hitherto only private) higher education institutions Initiating the reassessment of Law Faculties in accredited universities/university colleges in Ghana in conjunction with the General Legal Council Revising the law and its legislative instrument to streamline the accreditation process and criminalizing all acts that go contrary to the process Putting in place an active website that is visited by interested and diverse people all over the world Putting in place mechanisms to invite reputable evaluators from various parts of the world to assess the programmes of universities in Ghana periodically Supervising the processes leading to the accreditation of academic programmes designed to make Ghanaian Colleges of Education degree awarding institutions Supervising the review of all 48 Colleges of Education with new instruments designed with sponsorship from the British DFID Making the National Accreditation Board almost financially independent of public funds Building capacity of the young and energetic staff of the NAB secretariat and local evaluators of the Board through attendance of conferences and workshops across the world. Dr Dattey has three articles published in reputable journals to his credit. These are: Dattey, K., Westerheijden, D. F. and Hofman W. H. A (2014). Impact of accreditation on public and private universities: A comparative study. Tertiary Education and Management, 20 (4), 307-319. Dattey, K., Westerheijden, D. F. and Hofman W. H. A (2017). Impact of accreditation on improvement of operational inputs after two cycles of assessments in some Ghanaian universities. Quality in Higher Education, 23 (3), 213-229.
7734	dbpedia	1	51	https://www.ted.com/tedx/events/8102	en	TEDxKNUSTChange	https://pa.tedcdn.com/favicon.ico	https://pa.tedcdn.com/favicon.ico	[ "https://pi.tedcdn.com/r/pe.tedcdn.com/images/ted/7103b2c927899fb4159725e666966f62f978d546_719x277.jpg?quality=90&w=260", "https://pi.tedcdn.com/r/s3.amazonaws.com/ted.conferences.profiles/00/00/12/ca/9c/1231516.jpeg", "https://avatars.ted.com/v1/avatar/1459535295.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "TED", "Talks", "Themes", "Speakers", "Technology", "Entertainment", "Design" ]	null	[]	null	TED.com, home of TED Talks, is a global initiative about ideas worth spreading via TEDx, The Audacious Project, TED Books, TED Conferences, TED-Ed and more.	en	https://pa.tedcdn.com/mask-icon.svg		null	TEDxChange 2013 is a TEDx event co-organized by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and TED. Convened by Melinda French Gates and hosted by Chris Anderson, TEDxChange will focus on issues surrounding global health and development. TEDxChange type events are TEDx events hosted around the live webcast of TEDxChange, and also feature dynamic local speakers. Our event is called TEDxKNUSTChange, and is one of many TEDx events happening around the globe on April 3rd that will expand on the ideas brought up at TEDxChange 2013. Disruption is usually unwelcome. It represents conflict, chaos, and potential danger. We discourage disruptive behavior in our homes and our societies, often favoring passivity and compliance. But disruption can be a positive – sometimes vital – catalyst for change. It can challenge old assumptions, ignite conversations, activate authorities and expose new possibilities. Disruption can shed a unique light on difficult issues, giving a fresh urgency and perspective to the challenges of our global community. To solve the most intractable challenges in health and development, we need positive disruption. It is the path to true progress.
7734	dbpedia	1	5	https://real-life-heroes.fandom.com/wiki/Kofi_Annan	en	Kofi Annan	https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/real-life-heroes/images/7/72/Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/1200?cb=20200315185423	https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/real-life-heroes/images/7/72/Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/1200?cb=20200315185423	[ "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/real-life-heroes/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210603053419", "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/real-life-heroes/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210603053419", "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/real-life-heroes/images/7/72/Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/350?cb=20200315185423", "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/6a181c72-e8bf-419b-b4db-18fd56a0eb60", "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/6c42ce6a-b205-41f5-82c6-5011721932e7", "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/464fc70a-5090-490b-b47e-0759e89c263f", "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f7bb9d33-4f9a-4faa-88fe-2a0bd8138668" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Contributors to Real Life Heroes Wiki" ]	2024-07-29T22:27:06+00:00	Kofi Atta Annan (8 April 1938 – 18 August 2018) was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He was the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan...	en	https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/real-life-heroes/images/4/4a/Site-favicon.ico/revision/latest?cb=20240624201249	Real Life Heroes Wiki	https://real-life-heroes.fandom.com/wiki/Kofi_Annan	Kofi Atta Annan (8 April 1938 – 18 August 2018) was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He was the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organization founded by Nelson Mandela. Annan studied economics at Macalester College, international relations at the Graduate Institute Geneva, and management at MIT. Annan joined the UN in 1962, working for the World Health Organization's Geneva office. He went on to work in several capacities at the UN Headquarters including serving as the Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping between March 1992 and December 1996. He was appointed the Secretary-General on 13 December 1996 by the Security Council, and later confirmed by the General Assembly, making him the first office holder to be elected from the UN staff itself. He was re-elected for a second term in 2001, and was succeeded as Secretary-General by Ban Ki-moon on 1 January 2007. As the Secretary-General, Annan reformed the UN bureaucracy; worked to combat HIV/AIDS, especially in Africa; and launched the UN Global Compact. He was criticized for not expanding the Security Council and faced calls for his resignation after an investigation into the Oil-for-Food Programme, but was largely exonerated of personal corruption. After the end of his term as UN Secretary-General, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation in 2007 to work on international development. In 2012, Annan was the UN–Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria, to help find a resolution to the ongoing conflict there. Annan quit after becoming frustrated with the UN's lack of progress with regards to conflict resolution. In September 2016, Annan was appointed to lead a UN commission to investigate the Rohingya crisis. Early years and education[] Kofi Annan was born in the Kofandros section of Kumasi in the Gold Coast (now Ghana) on 8 April 1938. His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shared the middle name Atta, which in the Akan language means 'twin'. Annan and his sister were born into one of the country's Ashanti and Fante aristocratic families; both of their grandfathers and their uncle were tribal chiefs. In the Akan names tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week on which they were born, sometimes in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday. Annan said that his surname rhymes with "cannon" in English. From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim school, a Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan said that the school taught him that "suffering anywhere, concerns people everywhere". In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, the Gold Coast gained independence from the UK and began using the name "Ghana". In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies in economics at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, in 1961. Annan then completed a diplôme d'études approfondies DEA degree in International Relations at The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961–62. After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a master's degree in management. Annan was fluent in English, French, Akan, and some Kru languages as well as other African languages.
7734	dbpedia	1	10	https://www.laits.utexas.edu/africa/ads/1587.html	en	No.1587: Kofi Anan on African Leadership			[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	KOFI ANNAN: 'I AM SADDENED BY THE LEADERSHIP I SEE IN AFRICA' (Interview with "The Guardian") The simplicity of his wood-panelled offices on the 38th floor of the UN Headquarters in New York gave no hints of the importance of the man. Kofi Annan: the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations, the second African, and the first black African to head this global institution, and the first man to be appointed into that office from the ranks of UN staff. First appointed UN Secretary-General in January 1997, Kofi Annan, a twin and father of three, has had a most remarkable career as an international civil servant. He joined the UN in 1962, and for about 30 years, he held senior positions in various sections of the UN: the World Health Organisation, the UN High Commission for Refugees, and the UN Headquarters in New York where he handled assignments involving human resources management, budget and finance, and peacekeeping. A Ghanaian of Akan extraction, Mr Annan is an international statesman and an icon for black professionals all over the world for whom he is both role model and source of inspiration. He has been described as "the best Secretary General of the UN ever". He has also been strongly criticised by those who are opposed to his management methods and reform agenda. But no one can doubt Kofi Annan's commitment. He is a major apostle for peace and stability in the world. He carries a high banner for the ideals for which the United Nations was founded 61 years ago. He has brought the United Nations the centrality it deserves in world affairs at a time of momentous changes and challenges. He is famous for his forthrightness and outspokenness. In 2001 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, jointly with the United Nations "for their work for a better organised and more peaceful world". A year later, Annan was unanimously re-appointed by UN member states for a second five-year term which would end on December 31, 2006. After a few moments in his waiting room, we were ushered into a conference room. There he was, already waiting. He stretched out his hands to welcome the team from The Guardian. His tone was friendly. There were no airs around him. He posed for photographs with us. "Gentlemen, how do we sit?" He answered this question himself: "Okay, I think we should sit around the table". With the same ease and practised charm and warmth with which Annan handles complex world affairs: Iraq, Iran, Darfur, etc, he signalled the beginning of an encounter that would last for close to an hour. He was calm, measured in his tone, and meditative. Here was a man who was sure of his subject. He could not be swayed to say what he did not want to say. He chose his words, and responded with great care. Born on Friday, April 8, 1938, Mr Annan studied for a degree in Economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He later completed his undergraduate studies in 1961 at the Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States as a Ford Foundation scholar. Between 1961 and 1962, he studied for and obtained a postgraduate certificate in Economics at the Institut Universitaire des hautes etudes internationales (IUHEI) in Geneva, Switzerland. He later attended the MIT Sloan School of Management from 1971 -1972 as a Sloan Fellow receiving a Master of Science degree in Management. For two years, 1974 -76, he left the UN to take up appointment as Managing Director of the Ghana Tourist Development Company. He returned to the United Nations in 1976 as an Assistant Secretary-General. Before becoming Secretary-General, Mr Annan was involved in some of the major events of the 90s including the repatriation of international staff and citizens of Western countries from Iraq after the Kuwaiti invasion, the oil for food programme in Baghdad, and the crisis in former Yugoslavia. His engagement with international affairs has been no less robust since his emergence as UN Secretary-General involving such challenges as the transition to civilian rule in Nigeria, the stalemate between Libya and the Security Council, violence in East Timor, Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon, the "land for peace" negotiations between Israelis and Palestinians, crises in Central Africa and Sudan, etc. Mr Annan's biggest achievement so far perhaps has been his resolve "to bring the UN closer to the people". In 1999, he had remarked instructively: "More than ever before in human history, we share a common destiny. We can master it only if we face it together. And that my friends, is why we have the United Nations". Through partnerships with civil society and the private sector and the deft use of diplomacy, Annan has given life to this declaration. Under his watch, the focus of the UN has been directed towards core people issues: the need to end poverty and inequality, protect the environment, reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS, improve access to education and quality human life, promote humanitarian intervention to safeguard human rights, the rule of law and international peace and security. Annan has also been passionate about comprehensive reform within the UN to transform it into a stronger and more efficient organisation for the 21st Century. These and other issues, with particular accent on African affairs, formed the substance of The Guardian interview with the UN Secretary-General. He had another appointment to keep in an adjoining room. But as his interviewers kept pushing for an extra question and minute, Annan did not betray any sign of irritation, even as his staff kept opening and shutting the door from outside, a signal obviously that other guests were waiting... The interview soon came to an end. The Secretary-General, who speaks French, English, Fante, and other African languages, stretched out his hands and spoke Yoruba: "E se. E seun". (Thanks. Thank you). The Guardian team in New York led by Eluem Emeka Izeze, Managing Director/Editor-in-Chief, included Dr. Reuben Abati, Chairman, Editorial Board, Laolu Akande, North America Bureau Chief and Debo Adesina, Editor and Deputy Editor-in-Chief. Text of the interview follows: We came this way because we think it's important that we talk with you and we are glad you gave us audience. Let me begin by asking that as the first Secretary-General from the UN system, would you say that it has served you well and served the organisation well, or are there some down sides ... you don't get to talk about such things too often? Let me say that coming from the system, I knew it well and it was fortunate that I knew the system. When I was appointed, because I was appointed on the 13th of December, I had less than two weeks to take over. If I had come completely from the outside, it would have been extremely difficult and I hope this would not happen to my successor. And I think the knowledge that I had of the organisation was extremely helpful. It also meant that I needed to reach out beyond the organisation to establish relations and contacts not just with the Heads of States and Governments, some of them I knew in my capacity as head of the (UN Department of) Peace Keeping Operations. But I took an early decision to also reach out to civil society, the private sector, universities and foundations and really made the UN what it ought to be: the UN of "We the peoples" and the peoples are out there in the world, not in this building. So, really, we took steps to broaden the constituency. But my understanding of the knowledge and relationship with agency heads and some people who were already a major part of the UN were helpful and I also knew the nature of the programmes. You didn't see any drawback in any aspectŠ? Not really. Some believe that because you come from the system, it is sometimes difficult to handle personnel matters. You can not fire people that you have known for quite some time; you can't be as hard on them as you have been and there is no blood on the floor. There are people who believe that in management, if there is no blood on the floor, then you haven't done enough. Yet when you look around, in most organisations, in most civil service, it doesn't work that way. Even in the private sector, where the Chief Executive has incredible autonomy compared to that of the Secretary General, with a small board and a very focused objective in maximising the profits for shareholders, even there, you don't always see it that way, where you abandon your 191 member-states, more or less your board, and each one of them has their ideas of what you should be doing or should not be doing. Do you expect your successor to be an insider also? Most of the candidates who have emerged are from outside the organisation and if the trend continues it is definitely going to be an outsider. And as your colleague indicated, I have been the exception to have come from inside. How do you think that your tenure and that of Dr. Boutrous Boutrous Ghali enhanced the image of the African diplomat? I think both of us were Africans and had Africa as our base, but we were also Secretary-Generals for the other regions and the entire world. I think it was important for the Africans to see one of their own running this global organisation and helping resolve issues not just in Africa but around the world. What I have also tried to do is to expand the traditional focus of the job which had tended to focus on political issues, conflict resolutions. I have pushed into poverty alleviation, the fight against HIV/AIDS, environmental degradation, and in fact what was exciting at the last World Summit in September, is that the world leaders walked away with a broadened definition of what constitutes threat. Because until then when we talk about threats all of us think of war, civil war, or war between states. But they accepted that the conflicts we face in the world today include poverty, infectious diseases, environmental degradation, internationally organised crime, weapons of mass destruction, terrorism and of course depending on where you live, your perception of threat is quite different. You live here in New York? Yes... So, when you talk to most New Yorkers, because of what we hear on television and read in the news, they will tell you terrorism. But when you go over to East Africa they will tell you poverty and starvation. If I go to a small island state, I will be told environmental degradation; my island is being washed away. And all of these issues must be of concern to us. Each region has to be concerned about the problems of others, for them to be sensitive to their problems. How do you see your role as the most powerful African on the world stage? Do you see it as a burden or advantage? What really does power mean to you? I was going to say I'm not sure I would use the word power to describe my situation ... (General laughter) Because as you know, I have no armies, no police forces to stand by. Basically I have to use the power of reasoning, persuasion and diplomacy to get things done. But I do have the capacity to reach out to almost every leader in the world and on any continent, to discuss issues with them. And I am also dealing with issues which cut across... whether it is Avian Flu or HIV/AIDS; these issues cut across continents and regions. What is important is that as a Secretary-General that is African, I am able to interact effectively and competently with all the other leaders around the world. We understand and respect each other, which is an important thing. And I think it is important for the continent also to know that one of their own is in this position and operating on the world stage. How would you assess Africa in relation to the Millennium Development Goals and our peculiar circumstances? Do those circumstances pose a difficulty to you in terms of your assertiveness? Africa has some unique problems, which we need to pay attention to. When you look at the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals, there are some countries that will meet all of the goals by the target date 2015. In fact, to those who are accelerating and are able to meet it before that date, my advice to them is, 'don't sit on your laurels. If you achieve it, aim for Millennium Development plus; when you achieve primary education for all, aim too for secondary school education.' The difficulty we have in Africa that is holding us back, is first of all we have these conflicts, which really have done a lot of damage to the continent. When you look at the Great Lakes region and the war that has been raging, I was in Congo recently; we are trying to organise the first elections ever, in forty-five years. Many in their forties would never have had the chance to vote. But, without infrastructure, there are many hazards, and of course a country of that size when it is in distress, it has impact on all the neighbouring countries. Today we are looking at Darfur, in Sudan; we were all excited when we resolved the North/South conflict and they signed the Naivasha peace agreement (in Kenya). The Darfur conflict today is also extending beyond Sudan. It has affected Chad and Central African Republic and we are quite anxious to work with the leaders in the region to make sure that it does not become a regional crisis. And here I have often had the chance to say that African leaders and Africans should back away from the position that we don't interfere in each other's affairs. Because some of these issues, such conflicts that we are talking about, hardly ever remain internal for long. They create problems for neighbours; they throw up refugees who cross borders; they bring guns to the region; criminality goes up, and this is why I have been encouraging all, whether it is ECOWAS or the SADC organisations, sometimes getting involved in these conflicts, trying to help their neighbours. And it is also in their own self-interest to help. So, we need to resolve all these conflicts to be able to focus on the essential work of economic and social development. We need to improve governance and strengthen institutions to be able to really benefit from the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals and the Development Assistance that is being offered. As part of a build up to the last Summit in September, we managed to get pledges from the G8 and donor countries, indicating that they will increase the developmental assistance by $50 billion by 2015, with $25 billion reserved for Africa. We should be able to organise and structure ourselves in such a way that we take advantage effectively of this issue. Not many African countries will meet the Millennium Development Goals in the target date, at the rate we are going now. Unless we accelerate and intensify our efforts not only on the continent but also with the support that we are going to get from the donor communities, we would not meet the Millennium Development Goals. Do you feel embarrassed by the failure of leadership in Africa? I am often saddened by the leadership situation I see in Africa and also pained for the situation that sometimes, the populations are placed in because of errors of leaders. I think I was the first to go to the OAU summit to say that they should not encourage people who come to power through the barrel of the gun and they should not welcome in their midst with open arms and smiles people who have taken up power through a coup d'etat. At that time, quite a lot of people were surprised and shocked; you remember that incident? Yes... But several years later, they took the decision that they would not welcome them into their midst. And that also implies that we need to play by the rules. We need to accept and respect the constitution, we need to accept electoral laws, we need to accept the results of elections and we should not tamper with the constitution to perpetuate our rule. What worries me is that, if this trend continues where leaders are able to change the constitution... the constitution is never written for an individual, it is written for a nation and must stand the test of time... if you change (it) to suit individuals and they extend their mandate in office, we may face the situation where the soldiers who are now in barracks will come back and say, since we cannot go through change in the normal democratic way, this may be the only way to do it. We don't want that. Latin America has been able to transform itself, all their generals are back in their barracks. We in Africa are doing it and we should do everything not to reverse this trend. But what do you suggest should be done? I mean, if African leaders are carrying on with this same enterprise, it is becoming like a wild fire on the continent? First of all, when I talked of the earlier change, the earlier change came about because the people were also aware. The civil society and everybody got involved and the soldiers realised that they were no longer welcome. And I suspect we will go through the same phenomenon on this issue of constitutional change; constitutional change not necessary for the interest of the state, but for the benefit of the man, or leader in power. If we can make the issue a bit more specific. At this point, constitution amendment is a big issue in Nigeria, and President Obasanjo is right at the centre of it. Have you ever had cause to discuss this matter with him? (Pause) This is an issue I have discussed with many, many leaders, within Africa and outside Africa, and my position on this is quite well known. Okay, we take your comments as diplomatic as you have always been. Well, Secretary-General, do you think the UN response and the response of the world to crises in Africa, especially with regards to Rwanda and now Darfur, signifies a certain fatigue? Is this qualitative enough or merely tokenistic? Let me put it this way, when you talk of the UN, you are not talking of the civil servants or this building. You are talking of countries, yours and mine, big and small, powerful and weak. And in all these crises and crisis situations, where there has been a political will on the part of the countries, a lot can be done. Often, through the UN or sometimes, we have heard of 'coalitions of the willing' going on outside of the UN to take action. I think what happened in Rwanda was one of the tragic events in my own lifetime and in a way, Rwanda became a victim of Somalia. You would recall that we were pulling out of Somalia after the US troops were killed there. So, we were withdrawing from Somalia while Rwanda was going on and so the member states didn't have any appetite to intervene. Some said they did not know, and I asked them, what did they do when they found out? They sent planes to Kigali pick up their nationals and fly them out, while the killing was going on. We have a situation in Darfur, where, for the moment, the African Union troops are in. They have done their best against the odds, with the limitations in terms of logistics and resources and they have taken a decision that in principle, they will want to hand over, transition to the UN. And if the UN were to go in, we are not going to start from scratch, we will build on the African Forces which are on ground. Some of them will stay with them; we may not be able to keep all of them. They will be reinforced with others and obviously we need to come in with much better logistical support. I have indicated that if that were to happen, we will have to put in a Force that is not only robust but is highly mobile in the air and on the ground. Because it is such a huge territory that they are not going to be able to cover it and they are not going to have that many troops to spread throughout the territory. So, we have to make up with mobility and speed and be able to respond if there is an SOS, before the damage is done and not after the damage is done. There are quite a bit of discussions going on. The Sudanese Government has not given its agreement yet and in these situations it is always easier when you work with the support and the co-operation of the government. I have also urged the Sudanese government to understand that if they had been able to protect their people and people were not starving or dying in Darfur, nobody would be talking about deploying troops there to help them. And it is not coming as an invasion force; it is coming to help the people, and they should facilitate this effort. Or, some people may be held to account now that we have an international criminal court. That brings us to Charles Taylor: Do you think it was fair really, to browbeat Nigeria to hand over Charles Taylor, considering the circumstances in which he left Liberia in the first place? I don't know if browbeat is the word ... (General laughter) But let me say that I know the history of it very well and I know the circumstances under which President Olusegun Obasanjo of Nigeria took him in. And we were all very pleased, the entire world was pleased, they praised Nigeria, indicating that that action had paved the way for peace. President Obasanjo indicated that the only term and the only condition under which he will release Taylor is if an elected Liberian government were to ask for him. Whether we like it or not, the Liberian elected government, Ms Johnson Sirleaf did ask for him and the President kept his word. But I concede that there were pressures from different sources too. Concerning Charles Taylor, do you think his arrest and trial will check the spread of impunity on the continent in the long run? I think we have to look at it in a broader context. It is not just Charles Taylor. We have the arrest of Charles Taylor; we have the arrest of Lubanga (militia leader in Eritrea) who was causing a lot of problems in Eritrea. There have been sanctions slapped on three people in Ivory Coast. Recently, another set of sanctions was slapped on four others in the Sudan. Really, it sends a message that those who commit these atrocities will be held to account. And the message it also sends is that regardless of your position in life and your station, you may be a President, you may be a General, you may be a Field Commander, you may be a youth leader, but if today, you commit some of these atrocities, a time may come when you will be held to account. Today the international system has a mechanism. There used to be a time when interestingly enough, if you killed one man you are much likely to be put on trial, but if you killed hundreds or thousands you walked away because they were often in power. But nowadays, we have a mechanism to deal with that ... and I think it sends a message. Now we will like to go back to something that happened in the past. You were one of the last people to see Chief M.K.O. Abiola in Nigeria. We would like to know about your meeting with him. What did you say to him, what did he say to you? How do you think that your intervention actually played into the resolution of the whole crisis? That was my objective when I came to Nigeria to encourage transition, the release of political prisoners, so that one can move on to a democratic change and have elections. And I left Nigeria; I was convinced that he was on his way out, that he was going to be released and that there were going to be elections. And General (Abdusalam) Abubakar gave me his word, he was not interested in staying in office. He was keen on organising democratic elections and he kept his word. It was rather tragic that having spent that much time in the jail, he would die when he was on the verge of regaining his freedom and playing his political role in the political life of the nation. Do you recall what he said to you? I don't have the details ... Okay sir. Coming to the UN, you have been working very hard on your reform programme, but we don't seem to see a consensus anymore and yet, there is need for reform. What is the way out? I think we need to persevere. And let me say that we have achieved quite a bit since the September Summit, in the sense that since then, we have established a Peace Building Commission that will help countries coming out of conflicts or in distress to stabilise and reconstruct. We have established a new Human Rights Council, which I hope will be much more dynamic and effective than the commission before it. We have established em .. actually let me back up. We have got the member states to agree to accept the principle of responsibility to protect, which is quite an achievement. I recall in 1999 when I first raised this issue there was palpable anger in the house that I was ... that it was an attack against sovereignty. But now we have it. We also established a fund to ensure that we are able to get humanitarian assistance to people in need as quickly as possible. We have a democracy fund to assist countries in transition. But we have major tasks ahead. The management issue that you referred to, we are looking at the development agenda and reform of the Economic and Social Council. We are looking at strategies for combating terrorism; there was the Security Council reform, but we haven't made much progress. But I think we should persevere. What happened last week or so, has brought to the fore the tensions between the member states and in fact we are talking management and reforms. Some see it as a power struggle, a power struggle between the North and the South. They feel that some of the big countries have insatiable appetite for power. And unfortunately, some of the developments that happened have firmed that impression. For example, when we established the Peace Building Commission, the five permanent members of the Security Council said we want five seats reserved for us and they got it. The same suggestion was made initially when the Human Rights Council was named and of course the membership reacted and they backed away. So, when you talk of changes or managing change, the question is, which group is going to gain, which group has an influence and may exploit this new change? Even if you say, give a Secretary General a bit more authority or power, some people will wonder if the big boys would go and lean on him or her to do things their way because they are paying quite a lot of the contributions. So I think we need to work with them to build trust and to work on this reform in a spirit of give and take, because we do need to adapt the organisation and bring it in line with the challenges we face and it is not just a management issue, the same goes for the Security Council. The current composition and structure of the Security Council reflects the geopolitical realities of 1945 and not of 2006. And, to have an organisation of a hundred and ninety-one member-states with a narrow power base of five member-states on critical issues... most people are seeing that the council's decisions are mandatory, they are legislative on member states and yet you have a very narrow base. I have described this as a democracy deficit. And it is something that we have to do something about sooner or later. So you don't agree that this issue of a breakdown in the reform agenda is a battle for the soul of UN? No, I wouldn't say ... I mean, the Americans have a very strong position and the G-77 are also defending their position. We have been through some of these situations before. Well, I don't know what you mean by battle for the soul of UN. That is how some of the ambassadors of the developing countries here have described it ... But we know your time is short and, let me draw your attention to the difficulties the UN has faced and you specifically, with regards to at least two of the scandals that have been reported, on sexual harassment and the oil for food programme. Do you think this has eroded the credibility of the UN? Let me say that I hope not. It was a big blow and a painful experience for all of us. But one should not also forget that we were the ones who initiated the investigation. I set up the Volcker Commission because we wanted to get to the truth. And it was a very complex programme - the oil for food programme, a $64 billion programme. It was a very complex one for an organisation that is not used to running those kinds of things. But if you look at the report of the Volcker Commission in its entirety, you will discover that while there may have been mismanagement, the question of fraud and scandal, and fraudulent behaviour, quite honestly if there were problems there, they belonged to the capitals. There was only one UN staff member that the investigation indicates may have taken $150,000 out of a $64 billion programme. The companies that made use of Saddam Hussein behind the back of the UN, it was 2,200 companies from sixty countries. As I indicated earlier, the Security Council mandates under Chapter 7 are mandatory, they become part of the national laws and the governments were meant to apply it and also monitor their own companies. It is not a chapter the UN is very proud of, but what is often also forgotten is that the programme succeeded in its objective of feeding the Iraqi population. We fed the 26 million Iraqis and the system went to the extent that it was the distribution list which was used for elections. On the sexual exploitation, where they refer to the peacekeeping operations, this is something we have taken very strict measures (on) and we indicated that we have a zero tolerance programme which we are determined to press on. It is unfortunate, but I think it will also be wrong to pretend that this sort of thing only happens with UN peacekeepers and it doesn't happen in any nation. In a way, the people in these operations also reflect the larger community, but we are taking very, very strict measures to make sure it is not repeated on our watch and in our operations.
7734	dbpedia	2	12	https://mitsloan.mit.edu/ideas-made-to-matter/kofi-annan-shared-prosperity-meant-shared-responsibility	en	For Kofi Annan, shared prosperity meant shared responsibility	https://mitsloan.mit.edu…ac&itok=_dfr1AMr	https://mitsloan.mit.edu…ac&itok=_dfr1AMr	[ "https://mitsloan.mit.edu/sites/default/files/styles/academics_overlay_desktop/public/2021-06/academics-overlay-default.png?itok=Q_WEj4_e", "https://mitsloan.mit.edu/themes/custom/mitsloan/img/anchorlink-icon.png", "https://mitsloan.mit.edu/sites/default/files/styles/multi_up_large_desktop/public/2022-02/money-smokestack_2.jpg?h=7691f918&itok=8yF_Cnna", "https://mitsloan.mit.edu/sites/default/files/styles/multi_up_small_desktop/public/2022-02/piggy-bank-stimulus-check_0.jpg?h=3b9e8719&itok=DtutfAoh", "https://mitsloan.mit.edu/sites/default/files/styles/multi_up_medium_desktop/public/2021-11/stanley-fischer-autumn.jpg?h=0d9e26e8&itok=8cfY3nOJ" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Tom Relihan" ]	2018-08-20T00:00:00		en	/favicon.ico	MIT Sloan	https://mitsloan.mit.edu/ideas-made-to-matter/kofi-annan-shared-prosperity-meant-shared-responsibility	As technology, trade, and globalization tie the world’s cultures and communities ever closer together, the responsibility of each to guarantee and protect the well-being of the others grows in step — and that goes for nations and corporations alike. That was the message that Kofi Annan, SF ’72, SM ’72, the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations from 1996 to 2007, had for members of the MIT Sloan community in October of 2002, when he spoke to mark the 50th anniversary of his alma mater. Annan, the first black African to hold the top U.N. post, died Saturday at the age of 80 from a short and unspecified illness. In the talk, Annan said his time as an MIT Sloan Fellow during the early part of his career, which he spent almost entirely with the U.N., broadened his perspective on how to achieve international change and cooperation. “Sloan looked well beyond the confines of this campus, encouraged people from many nations to study here, and was eager to advance the cause of international cooperation, scholarly and otherwise,” Annan said. That education would come in handy later on, he noted, as he helped the U.N. navigate some of its most challenging moments and found himself negotiating across from many of the world’s most powerful leaders. Halfway through his tenure as secretary-general, Annan and the U.N. were jointly awarded a Nobel Peace Prize for their work to create a “better organized and more peaceful world,” containing the spread of HIV in Africa and working to oppose international terrorism. But Annan also faced his fair share of challenging diplomatic situations. As the U.N.’s chief of peacekeeping, he oversaw the response to the Rwandan genocide of the mid-1990s, and later worked feverishly in an attempt to dissuade the United States from launching its 2003 invasion of Iraq. He told Time magazine in 2013 that his failure to prevent that action was “his darkest moment.” Even after he left the U.N., he returned in various capacities, being tapped in 2012 to help find a resolution for the still-raging civil war in Syria. He also launched the Kofi Annan Foundation, a nonprofit that works to promote better global governance and world peace. The challenges facing the world are much the same now as they were in 2002 — cultural distrust leading to violence, uncertainty in the markets raising global anxiety, and concerns that globalization is enriching a select few at the expense of the many. But Annan’s emphasis on shared responsibility led to the formation of partnerships between the U.N., major corporations, and the world’s governments designed to ensure sustainable progress for all during his tenure. Annan, in the MIT Sloan speech, emphasized the importance of trust and understanding among the world’s governing institutions and highlighted the crucial role of global business in helping to solve those problems. “Businesses may ask why they should go down this path, especially if it involves taking steps that competitors might not, or steps they feel are rightly the province of governments,” he said. “Sometimes, doing what is right … is in the immediate interest of business.” Corporations, he said, should see it as their responsibility to use their resources to pass knowledge, technology, and training along to the communities in which they operate. When German car manufacturer Volkswagen found that it was losing some of its best managers to HIV/AIDS in Brazil, Annan described, the company implemented an education and treatment program, which saw the employees survive to pass the same information on to their communities. He continued: “Sometimes we must do what is right simply because not to do so would be wrong. And sometimes, we do what is right to help usher in a new day, of new norms and new behaviors. We do not want business to do anything different from their normal business; we want them to do their normal business differently.” Absent that effort, he said, the world risks rejecting global citizenship and retreating into protectionism and isolation, to the detriment of all. “All of us — the private sector, civil society, labor unions, NGOs, universities, foundations, and individuals — must come together in an alliance for progress,” Annan said. “Together, we can and must move from value to values, from shareholders to stakeholders, and from balance sheets to balanced development. Together, we can and must face the dangers ahead and bring solutions within reach.”
7734	dbpedia	2	86	https://www.instagram.com/reel/C0qbv0tscZG/	en	Instagram	https://static.cdninstag…/VsNE-OHk_8a.png	https://static.cdninstag…/VsNE-OHk_8a.png	[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en	https://static.cdninstag…/VsNE-OHk_8a.png		null
7734	dbpedia	2	69	https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeltnietzel/2024/07/17/ucla-receives-a-record-25-million-gift-for-its-history-department/	en	UCLA Receives A Record $25 Million Gift For Its History Department	https://imageio.forbes.c…=1600&fit=bounds	https://imageio.forbes.c…=1600&fit=bounds	[ "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/729a69a506b9eaa83bde42614fb0946d?s=400&d=mm&r=g", "https://static-cdn.spot.im/assets/community-guidelines/community-guidelines-symbol.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "UCLA", "Meyer and Renee Luskin", "Higher education philanthropy", "Department of History", "UCLA Chancellor Gene Block" ]	null	[ "Michael T. Nietzel" ]	2024-07-17T00:00:00	UCLA has announced a record $25 million gift pledge for its department of history from alumni Meyer Luskin & his wife, Renee. The department will be named in their honor.	en	https://i.forbesimg.com/48X48-F.png	Forbes	https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeltnietzel/2024/07/17/ucla-receives-a-record-25-million-gift-for-its-history-department/	The University of California at Los Angeles has announced a record $25 million gift commitment for its department of history. The gift, the largest-ever single donation to the department and to the UCLA College Division of Social Sciences, was made by Meyer Luskin and his wife, Renee. In recognition of the historic pledge, the university will name the department of history in their honor. “Meyer and Renee Luskin are cherished members of our Bruin family who have long helped UCLA live up to its highest ideals, changing countless lives through their generosity and leadership,” said UCLA Chancellor Gene Block in the university’s press release. “This visionary gift speaks volumes about their dedication to our academic community and their recognition that both UCLA students and the general public benefit greatly from a rich understanding of history.” In addition to providing support for students, faculty and early-career scholars, the gift will support the expansion of the department’s public-facing centers and programs. These include the Luskin Center for History and Policy, the Public History Initiative, the “Why History Matters” series and the “Making History in Los Angeles” program. “We believe the study of history is vital in creating informed participants in a vibrant democratic society,” Meyer Luskin said, in the university announcement. “This gift will ensure that students and faculty have ample resources and opportunities to study the past, which will allow them to further understanding of the present in service to the public good.” “To understand and nurture the values that lay at the foundation of our democracy, it is essential to mine the past as a guide to a better future,” Renee Luskin added. “Such knowledge can aid in solving some of our world’s biggest challenges.” Meyer Luskin earned his bachelor’s degree in economics in 1949 from UCLA, and Renee received a bachelor’s in sociology from the university in 1953. Meyer went on to earn a Masters in Business Administration from Stanford University. In the 1950s, he founded Scope Industries, which became a leader in the recycling and processing of food waste. He has served as its president, CEO and chairman. The Luskins have a long history of major philanthropy for their alma mater. They made a $5 million donation in 2017 for the creation of the UCLA Luskin Center for History and Policy. It has become a leading center for using history to address major policy issues and bring the study of history into public life. In 2011, they donated $100 million to support several academic programs and capital improvements. The gift was equally divided between the UCLA School of Public Affairs, which was renamed in their honor, and the UCLA Meyer and Renee Luskin Conference Center, which opened in 2016. That gift also established the annual Luskin Lecture for Thought Leadership, which has included speakers such as Bill and Hillary Clinton, former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution Lonnie Bunch III, and former National Science Foundation Director France Córdova. According to the university, Meyer Luskin said an impetus for the couple’s years of philanthropic support for UCLA was a $30 scholarship he received, which allowed him to continue his university studies after they were interrupted by his military service in World War II.
7734	dbpedia	3	25	https://crosswordnexus.com/clue/alma-mater-for-buzz-aldrin-and-kofi-annan-abbr	en	Alma mater for Buzz Aldrin and Kofi Annan: Abbr. -- Crossword clue	https://crosswordnexus.com/favicon.png	https://crosswordnexus.com/favicon.png	[ "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png", "https://crosswordnexus.com/images/star.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "crossword", "dictionary", "lookup", "clue", "entry", "answer", "wikipedia", "crossword dictionary" ]	null	[]	null	Alma mater for Buzz Aldrin and Kofi Annan: Abbr. -- Find potential answers to this crossword clue at crosswordnexus.com	en	/images/apple-touch-icon-iphone.png		null	From The Blog Puzzle #122: Oh My Goodness (Rows Garden!) PUZZLE LINKS: PDF \| RG file \| Online Solver We’re very happy to bring you, for the first time ever on this site, a Rows Garden puzzle! This was a puzzle type invented by (who else) Patrick Berry, and it’s a fun one. Kelsey test-solved this one (thanks Kels!) and she agrees! Here’s how it... Read More “Puzzle #122: Oh My Goodness (Rows Garden!)” »
7734	dbpedia	1	84	https://www.eduopinions.com/universities/universities-in-ghana/kwame-nkrumah-university-of-science-and-technology-knust/	en	Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in Ghana : Reviews & Rankings	https://www.eduopinions.…5/KNUST-logo.jpg	https://www.eduopinions.…5/KNUST-logo.jpg	[ "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1663378563713611&ev=PageView&noscript=1", "https://www.eduopinions.com/wp-content/themes/eduopinions/assets/img/EDUopinions_logo_horizontal_colored.png", "https://www.eduopinions.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/KNUST-logo-350x347.jpg", "https://www.eduopinions.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/KNUST-logo-350x347.jpg", "https://www.eduopinions.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/KNUST-campus-140x97.jpg", "https://www.eduopinions.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/KNUST-campus-140x97.jpg", "https://www.eduopinions.com/wp-content/themes/eduopinions/assets/img/defaults/default-avatar.jpg", 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"https://www.eduopinions.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Moscow-State-University-of-Printing-Arts-MGUP-logo-140x100.png", "https://graph.facebook.com/1416731638382331/picture?type=square&width=44&height=44", "https://www.eduopinions.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/19095659_1886944481331384_2252913739106286577_o-350x263.jpg", "https://www.eduopinions.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/logo-55-140x100.png", "https://www.eduopinions.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/ConcordiaCollege-campus-350x527.jpg", "https://www.eduopinions.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/ConcordiaCollege-logo-140x140.jpg", "https://www.eduopinions.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/stanmore-college-350x201.jpg", "https://www.eduopinions.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Stanmore-School-Of-Business-logo-140x140.png", "https://www.eduopinions.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ConestogaCollege-campus-350x137.jpg", "https://www.eduopinions.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ConestogaCollege-logo-140x140.jpg", "https://www.eduopinions.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/deafult-avatar.png", "https://www.eduopinions.com/wp-content/themes/eduopinions/assets/img/eduopinions_logo_vertical_color.png", "https://www.eduopinions.com/wp-content/themes/eduopinions/assets/img/eduopinions-vertical-color-logo.svg", "https://www.eduopinions.com/wp-content/themes/eduopinions/assets/img/EDUopinions_logo_horizontal_colored.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Austin Brain GH", "Mawunya GH", "Love GH", "Betty NG", "Student GH" ]	2018-05-08T15:29:46+00:00	Find out what students really think about the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology and get more information for free at EDUopinions today.	en	https://www.eduopinions.…x512-140x140.png	EDUopinions	https://www.eduopinions.com/universities/universities-in-ghana/kwame-nkrumah-university-of-science-and-technology-knust/	Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) is one of the leading universities in Ghana and is renowned for its focus on science and technology education. Here is an overview of the institution: Overview Location: Kumasi, Ghana Established: 1951 Motto: “Nyansapɔ wɔsane no badwenma” (A wise person has the ability to choose the best symbol) Academic Programs KNUST offers a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate programs across various fields of study, including: Engineering Sciences Business Arts Social Sciences Architecture Medicine Faculties and Colleges The university is organized into several colleges and faculties, such as: College of Engineering College of Health Sciences College of Science College of Art and Built Environment College of Agriculture and Natural Resources College of Humanities and Social Sciences Research and Innovation KNUST is recognized for its strong emphasis on research and innovation, with numerous research centers and institutes that focus on areas such as renewable energy, water resources, biotechnology, and health sciences. Facilities and Infrastructure The university boasts modern facilities, including well-equipped laboratories, libraries, lecture halls, and residential accommodations. It also has a large and beautiful campus with greenery and recreational facilities. Student Life KNUST offers a vibrant student life with numerous clubs, societies, and sports teams. The campus environment is lively, promoting both academic excellence and personal development. Reputation and Rankings KNUST is highly regarded in Ghana and across Africa for its academic standards and contributions to scientific research and technological advancement. It consistently ranks among the top universities in Africa. Alumni The university has a strong network of alumni who have gone on to excel in various fields, both locally and internationally. Many alumni occupy prominent positions in academia, industry, and government. Challenges Like many institutions in developing countries, KNUST faces challenges such as funding constraints, infrastructural needs, and the need to continually update its curriculum to meet global standards. Future Prospects KNUST aims to enhance its global standing by fostering international collaborations, improving its research output, and expanding its academic programs to meet the evolving needs of society. Overall, KNUST remains a pivotal institution in Ghana’s higher education landscape, contributing significantly to the country’s development through its focus on science, technology, and innovation. View more
7734	dbpedia	0	31	https://m.facebook.com/groups/mobacommunity/permalink/1964422250299993/%3Flocale2%3Dsw_KE	en	Facebook	https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico	https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico	[ "https://facebook.com/security/hsts-pixel.gif?c=3.2" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Sieh dir auf Facebook Beiträge, Fotos und vieles mehr an.	de	https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico		https://www.facebook.com/login/
7734	dbpedia	2	28	https://ycsg.yale.edu/center/staff/ernesto-zedillo-ponce-de-leon-expanded-biography	en	Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León — Expanded Biography	https://ycsg.yale.edu/si…uch-icon-228.png	https://ycsg.yale.edu/si…uch-icon-228.png	[ "https://ycsg.yale.edu/sites/default/files/images/Elders_ErnestoZedillo_greeting_SusanRice-MollyRiley-TheElders.jpg", "https://ycsg.yale.edu/sites/default/files/images/yale_podium_zedillo.jpg", "https://ycsg.yale.edu/sites/default/files/images/Zedillo-Montek-Mike-Spence.jpg", "https://ycsg.yale.edu/sites/default/files/images/zedillo-photo.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en	https://ycsg.yale.edu/sites/all/themes/yalenew_base/images/favicon.ico		https://ycsg.yale.edu/center/staff/ernesto-zedillo-ponce-de-leon-expanded-biography	Ernesto Zedillo is the Frederic Iseman, ’74 Director of the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization; Professor in the Field of International Economics and Politics; Professor of International and Area Studies; and Professor Adjunct of Forestry and Environmental Studies at Yale University. After almost a decade with the Central Bank of Mexico from 1978 to 1987, he served as Undersecretary of the Budget from 1987 to 1988. From 1988 to 1992 he served as Secretary of Economic Programming and the Budget. He was appointed Secretary of Education in 1992. In 1994 he ran for the presidency and won. He served his country as President of Mexico from 1994 to 2000. He is a member of The Elders, an independent group of global leaders using their collective experience and influence for peace, justice and human rights worldwide and he is Chairman of the Rockefeller Foundation Economic Council on Planetary Health. He serves on the Global Commission on Drug Policy; the Kofi Annan Commission on Elections and Democracy in the Digital Age; the United Nations High-level Advisory Board on Economic and Social Affairs; the High-Level Board of Experts on the Future of Global Trade Governance; and the Board of the International Finance Forum based in China. He is on the Selection Committee of the Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity and the Hilton Humanitarian Prize. Recently he served as Chair of the Board of the Natural Resource Governance Institute and Co-Chair of the Inter-American Dialogue from 2011 to 2018. He is on the 21st Century Council of the Berggruen Institute. The Center’s emphasis on stimulating the flow of ideas between academia and institutions charged with the formulation of policy has been the main reason for Zedillo’s active participation in a number of international commissions dealing with topics relevant to the Center’s mission. He was Co-Chair of the Task Force on Trade and Development for the UN Millennium Development Goals Commission, whose report, Trade for Development, was published in 2005, and Co-Chair of the UNDP Commission on the Private Sector and Development, for which the final report, Unleashing Entrepreneurship: Making Business Work for the Poor, was published in 2004. He was Co-Chair of the International Task Force on Global Public Goods, which published its report, Meeting Global Challenges: International Cooperation in the National Interest in 2006. He was a member of the Commission on Growth and Development, chaired by Nobel Laureate Michael Spence, which published its work, The Growth Report: Strategies for Sustained Growth and Inclusive Development, in 2008. Zedillo was also a member of the Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor co-chaired by Madelaine Albright and Hernando de Soto which published its final report, Making the Law Work for Everyone, in 2008. The Director General of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) appointed Zedillo Chairman of the Commission on the Future of the IAEA. The commission presented its report, Reinforcing the Global Nuclear Order for Peace and Prosperity, in 2008. Zedillo was also a member of the International Commission on Nuclear Disarmament and Nonproliferation which published its report, Eliminating Nuclear Threats: A Practical Agenda for Global Policy Makers, in 2009. From 2008 to 2011 he served as Co-Chair of the Global Trade and Financial Architecture Project. Shortly after the global financial crisis erupted in the fall of 2008, the President of the World Bank asked Zedillo to chair the High-Level Commission on Modernization of World Bank Group Governance. The Commission released its report, Repowering the World Bank for the 21st Century, in the fall of 2009. In 2009 Zedillo joined former presidents Fernando Henrique Cardoso of Brazil and Cesar Gaviria of Colombia, as well as other personalities from Latin America, to discuss the issue of illegal drug trafficking and its effects on the region. The Drugs and Democracy in Latin America report published as a result of that effort became an inflection point in the discussion of drug policy. It gave rise, among other things, to the formation of the Global Commission on Drug Policy, of which Zedillo has been a member since its inception and which has published several reports and position papers that have become important references on this important policy subject. Regarding regional issues, he was co-chair of the Brookings Partnership for the Americas Commission that produced the proposal Rethinking US-Latin American Relations: A Hemispheric Partnership for a Turbulent World (2008); Co-Chair of the Regional Migration Study Group that published Thinking Regionally to Compete Globally: Leveraging Migration & Human Capital in the US, Mexico, and Central America (2013); and Co-Chair of the Global Development Center’s Working Group on US-Mexico migration that released its report, Shared Border, Shared Future: A Blueprint to Regulate US-Mexico Labor Mobility, in the fall of 2016. The Center’s commitment to sound thinking on development issues has led it to support endeavors at a range of global institutions. For example, for six years (2005-2011), Zedillo was Chairman of the Board of the Global Development Network (GDN), an international organization based in New Delhi, India and Cairo, Egypt, whose role is to support the work of research centers and researchers from developing countries working on development issues. Another important venture was developed with scholars at Oxford University and led to the effort to create the Natural Resource Charter, a set of principles for governments and societies on how best to harness the opportunities created by extractive resources for development. This work provided the intellectual framework for the Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI), an organization providing policy advice and advocacy support on the subject in many resource-rich countries and for which Zedillo served as Chairman of the Board from 2013 to 2019. For the same reason of supporting serious analysis on development topics, Zedillo was a member of the Advisory Panel of the Global Development Program of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation from 2008 to 2011. Zedillo is a Member of the Group of 30, a consultative group on international economic and monetary affairs. In 2011 he was elected an international member of the American Philosophical Society. He holds decorations from the Governments of 32 countries including the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain, Japan, Brazil and Argentina. In 2011 he received the International Award of Lifetime Achievement by the Cristóbal Gabarrón Foundation of Spain, an award that honors individuals and institutions for their exemplary contributions to humanity. He is the recipient of Honorary degrees from Yale and Harvard Universities; the University of Massachusetts, Amherst; the University of Ghana; the Hebrew University of Jerusalem; and the University of Miami. He is the recipient of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Freedom from Fear Award; the Gold Insigne of the Council of the Americas; the Tribuna Americana Award of the Casa de America of Madrid; the Berkeley Medal, UC Berkeley’s highest honor; the International Leadership Award of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs; and the 2006 Sustainable Development Leadership Award presented by the Energy Resources Institute (TERI) in New Delhi. He was awarded the Wilbur Cross Medal by his alma mater, Yale, in 2001. He teaches undergraduate courses in the economics department at Yale on Debating Globalization, The Economic Evolution and Challenges of the Latin American and Caribbean Countries, and for several years he co-taught International Trade Theory and Policy with well-known development economist, T.N. Srinivasan. He earned his Bachelor’s degree from the School of Economics of the Natìonal Polytechnic Institute in Mexico and his M.A. and Ph.D. in Economics at Yale University.
7734	dbpedia	1	92	https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Mfantsipim-School-will-produce-another-Kofi-Annan-Headmaster-assures-684669	en	Mfantsipim School will produce another Kofi Annan - Headmaster assures	https://cdn.ghanaweb.com…644/64415087.jpg	https://cdn.ghanaweb.com…644/64415087.jpg	[ "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/design/logo_desktop.png", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/imagelib/pics/644/64415087.295.jpg", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/design/sports.png", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/imagelib/pics/779/77943191.295.jpg", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/design/business.png", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/imagelib/pics/166/16679144.295.jpg", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/design/entertainment.png", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/imagelib/pics/770/77020199.295.jpg", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/design/africa.png", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/imagelib/pics/146/14667645.295.jpg", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/design/opinions_1.png", "https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/imagelib/pics/759/75901675.295.jpg" ]	[ "https://www.youtube.com/embed/E15cZb9batU" ]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2018-09-13T12:31:50+00:00	The Headmaster of Mfantsipim Senior High School in Cape Coast, Mr Manfred Barton Oduro has described the former United Nations Secretary-General and an old boy of Mfantsipim School as a perfect gift to Mfantsipim and strongly believes the next Kofi...	en	https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/design/favicon.ico	GhanaWeb	https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Mfantsipim-School-will-produce-another-Kofi-Annan-Headmaster-assures-684669	The Headmaster of Mfantsipim Senior High School in Cape Coast, Mr Manfred Barton Oduro has described the former United Nations Secretary-General and an old boy of Mfantsipim School as a perfect gift to Mfantsipim and strongly believes the next Kofi Annan will be from the same school. Kofi Annan who was the first black African to lead the United Nations was admitted into form one in Mfantsipim in 1954 and that his invaluable contributions to the United Nations started at Mfantsipim where he was a member of the United Nations Student Association. According to the Headmaster, Kofi Annan who was a “Messing Prefect” a designation now known as Dining Hall Prefect led a successful student demonstration of a hunger strike to demand that better food is served at the school cafeteria. At the Memorial and Thanksgiving service for Kofi Annan organized by the Mfantsipim School reported by Asana Gordon of MyNewsGh.com, the headmaster noted that Kofi Annan was really imbued with the school’s spirit of excellence where he graduated in 1957 after passing his Cambridge certificate examination and proceeded to Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. “The history of Mfantsipim will not be complete without the mention of your great strides and achievements as well as what you stood for. Your achievements have added to our glories and have further brought us to the limelight” he added. Mr. Barton Oduro observed that Kofi Annan fought a good fight, finished the race and kept the faith adding that the Mfantsipim School is proud of Kofi Annan and his exploits.
7734	dbpedia	0	82	https://oxfordaasc.com/page/2641	en	1950 to Present			[ "https://ouptag.scholarlyiq.com/ntpagetag.gif?js=0" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en	/fileasset/images/favicon.ico	Oxford African American Studies Center	https://oxfordaasc.com/page/2641	Joe Louis returns to boxing and is defeated by the reigning champion, the African American boxer Ezzard Charles. Read more... Forty-two percent of all black women in the labor force are employed in domestic service and 19.1 percent are in other service work; only 5.4 percent are in clerical and sales positions and 5.7 percent are in professional positions. Read more... Althea Gibson becomes first black player to compete in the U.S. Tennis Championship at Forest Hills. Read more... The attorney Edith Sampson is the first African American to be appointed as a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly. Read more... Jesse Owens is named the greatest track star of the first half of the twentieth century by Associated Press. Read more... Norma Merrick Sklarek graduates from the School of Architecture at Columbia University and in 1954 becomes the first black woman to be licensed as an architect in the United States. Read more... Sam Jethroe, an outfielder on the Boston Braves, is named the National League Rookie of the Year. Read more... Four black players sign contracts with teams in the National Basketball Association (NBA) thus breaking the color line in the league (founded in 1946): Chuck Cooper (Boston Celtics), Earl Lloyd (Washington Capitols), Nat "Sweetwater" Clifton (NY Knicks) and Hank DeZonie (Tri-City Blackhawks). Cooper is generally considered the first African American in the NBA but because of scheduling, Lloyd is the first black to enter a game. DeZonie, who had starred on the all-black Harlem Rens, plays in only five NBA games. The first black player singed by the NBA was Harold Hunter, a starter at North Carolina College for Negroes (now North Carolina Central University), but he was cut by the Washington Capitols before playing a game. Read more... In Sweat v. Painter the U.S. Supreme Court orders the University of Texas Law School to integrate; in McLaurin v. Oklahoma Board of Regents the court prohibits the University of Oklahoma from discriminating against blacks once they are admitted to the university. Read more... Helen Octavia Dickens becomes the first African American woman admitted to the American College of Surgeons. Read more... Zelma Watson George becomes the first black woman to play a leading role in an opera on Broadway. Read more... U.S. Supreme Court rules in Henderson v. United States that segregated tables or dining cars violate the Interstate Commerce Act. Read more... Although the armed forces are largely desegregated, black servicemen are still barred from many military specialties and training programs. Read more... The poet Gwendolyn Brooks receives the Pulitzer Prize for her second volume of poetry Annie Allen (1949), which explores the inner life of an African American woman as she adjusts her youthful dreams to the realities of life in an urban ghetto. She is the first African American to be awarded the prize in any category. Read more... Elma Lewis, dance and drama instructor, founds the Elma Lewis School of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts. Arthur Dorrington signs with New York Rangers of National Hockey League (NHL), but injuries while playing in the minor leagues prevent him from ever playing in NHL. City University of New York wins the NCAA basketball championship with three black players on its team, at the time, it is the most ever for a championship team. Under pressure from the Minneapolis mayor Hubert H. Humphrey, and facing a lawsuit, the American Bowling Congress (ABC), and the Women's International Bowling Congress (WIBC) remove the “Caucasians only” clause from their constitutions. Black population of the United States is 15,042,286, or 10 percent of the total population. There are 7,743,564 women. Ralph Bunche wins the Nobel Peace Prize. The literary critic and historian Saunders Redding publishes They Came in Chains: Americans from Africa. Read more... Roy Campanella wins his first Most Valuable Player of the Year award (the others follow in 1953 and 1955). Read more... Althea Gibson becomes the first African American woman to play in the Wimbledon tennis tournament in England. Read more... The prima ballerina Janet Collins makes her debut in Aida, becoming the first black artist to perform on the stage of the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City. Read more... Life magazine features Maude Daniels Callen's work as a midwife in South Carolina. Read more... Arie Taylor becomes the first black person to be a Women's Air Force classroom instructor. Read more... The attorney Edith Sampson is the first African American appointed as a delegate to the U.N. General Assembly. Read more... Mary Church Terrell, longtime civil rights activist, joins sit-ins challenging racial segregation in restaurants and other public facilities. Read more... Willie Mays, the New York Giants outfielder, is named the National League Rookie of the Year. Read more... Libya becomes an independent monarchy under Idris I. Read more... Paul Robeson and William L. Patterson petition the United Nations, charging the United States with genocide by “deliberately inflicting on [African Americans] conditions of life calculated to bring about their physical destruction” through executions, lynchings, and terrorism. Read more... John H. Johnson Publishing launches the weekly, pocket-sized magazine Jet. Read more... The National Negro Labor Council is formed. Read more... The National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses merges with the American Nurses Association. Read more... Sugar Ray Robinson wins the middleweight boxing championship. Read more... Black concert artists first appear on television: William Warfield and Muriel Rahn on the Ed Sullivan Show, followed by Marian Anderson in 1952. Read more... The high school student Barbara Johns initiates a student strike in Prince Edward County, Virginia; this will become one of the four cases eventually decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in the landmark case Brown v. Board of Education. Read more... The last all-black unit in the U.S. Army, the 24th Infantry, is deactivated. Read more... Henry Green Parks Jr. starts the Parks Sausage Company in 1951 in an abandoned dairy plant in Baltimore with two employees. Employing the soon-to-be familiar slogan, “More Parks Sausages, please Mom!” it grows into one of the most successful black-owned businesses in the country. Mildred Fay Jefferson becomes the first African American woman to graduate from Harvard University's Medical School. She goes on to serve three terms as president of the National Right to Life Committee. Mable Fairbanks becomes a professional skater after winning a number of amateur competitions. Players on the all-white Oklahoma A & M (now Oklahoma State University) football team target Drake University star Johnny Bright, breaking his jaw during a game. Photographs later show A & M player Wilbanks Smith intentionally hurting Bright. Ethel L. Payne, known as the “first lady of the black press,” begins reporting for the Chicago Defender. Two years later she becomes the paper’s one-person bureau in Washington, D.C. Read more... The educator and activist Anna Julia Cooper publishes Personal Recollection of the Grimké Family and The Life and Writings of Charlotte Forten Grimké. Read more... Forty-two year old Archie Moore finally gets a shot at the heavyweight title. In the second round he knocks down the title holder Rocky Marciano for only the second time in Marciano's career. But Marciano recovers and Moore is knocked out in the ninth round. Moore continues to fight until 1963. (In 1962 he is defeated by Cassius Clay, who will soon change his name to Muhammad Ali.)Read more... Alice Childress's Trouble in Mind is the first work by a black woman playwright to be produced off-Broadway. It later wins an Obie Award, the first presented to a black woman. Read more... President Dwight D. Eisenhower appoints Jewel LaFontant Mankarious to serve as assistant U.S. attorney for the North District of Illinois. Read more... Clotilde Dent Bowen becomes the U.S. Army's first black female physician to attain the rank of colonel. In 1947 she was the first black woman to graduate from Ohio State University with an MD. Read more... Rosa Parks refuses to yield her seat to a white passenger on a Montgomery bus; her arrest sparks the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which brings Martin Luther King Jr. to national prominence as the principal leader of the Civil Rights Movement. Read more... A black singer first appears in a televised opera: Leontyne Price in Puccini's Tosca on NBC. Read more... Marian Anderson makes her debut at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City, becoming the first black soloist to sing at the Met. Read more... Sugar Ray Robinson returns to boxing and regains the middleweight title. Read more... The Syracuse Nationals, with two black players, Earl Lloyd and Jim Tucker, win the NBA Championship. This is the first NBA championship in which blacks play. Read more... Interstate Commerce Commission bans racial segregation in all facilities and vehicles engaged in interstate transportation. Read more... A Baltimore court bans segregated recreational facilities. Read more... Jean Blackwell Hutson becomes curator of what is now the New York Public Library's Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture; she guides its development until her retirement in 1984. Read more... Willa Player becomes president of Bennett College. Read more... The Brooklyn Dodgers win their first World Series championship, defeating the New York Yankees with a team that includes the black stars Roy Campanella, Jackie Robinson, Junior Gilliam, Joe Black, Don Newcombe, and the Afro-Cuban Sandy Amoros. Robinson steals home in one game, exemplifying the dramatic style of play that blacks brought to the major leagues. The Dodger's catcher Campanella is awarded his third Most Valuable Player award. Read more... In Salisbury, Maryland, Melvin C. Hutt opens the Franklin Hotel, with twenty-three nonsegregated units that he offers to African American and white travelers. Philip M. Jenkins establishes the investment firm, Special Markets, Inc., which specifically targets ethnic markets. Bill Russell of the University of San Francisco is named College Basketball Player of the Year; he leads the U.S. Olympic team to a gold medal in Melbourne, Australia. President Dwight Eisenhower, fearful that the San Francisco star will not play because of racial politics in the United States, personally calls Russell and asks him to join the team. Read more... Under a Supreme Court order, and with help from Ruby Hurley (NAACP regional director), Autherine Lucy enrolls in the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, only to be expelled days later on grounds that her own safety is in jeopardy. Read more... Ann Gregory becomes the first African American to play in an integrated women's amateur golf championship. Read more... The singer Nat King Cole is attacked on stage in Birmingham, Alabama. Read more... The home of Martin Luther King Jr. is bombed in connection to the bus boycott in Montgomery; the home of Reverend F.L. Shuttlesworth is bombed by racial terrorists in Birmingham, Alabama. Read more... Alice Childress publishes Like One of the Family: Conversations from a Domestic's Life. Read more... Jackie Robinson receives the Spingarn Medal for his achievements in baseball and for his role in opening the sport to other African Americans. Read more... Sudan, Morocco, and Tunisia gain their independence. Read more... The Brooklyn Dodgers pitcher Don Newcombe wins the National League Most Valuable Player. Newcombe also wins Cy Young Award as the best pitcher in baseball. He becomes the first player to win both awards in one year. Read more... Blacks in Birmingham, Alabama, begin mass defiance of the state's Jim Crow laws. Read more... Kenny Washington, the first black to play on the UCLA football team, is elected to College Football Hall of FameRead more... Alabama outlaws the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Read more... At the summer Olympics black athletes win ten gold medals, three silver, and five bronze. Milton Campbell wins gold in the decathlon while Rafer Johnson takes silver. A very young sprinter, Wilma Rudolph wins bronze in the 400-meter relay. Read more... Frank Robinson, an outfielder for the Cincinnati Reds, is the first player to be unanimously voted Rookie of the Year in the National League. Read more... Under the protection of National Guard troops, African American students enter the public school in Clay, Kentucky. Read more... Nell Cecilia Jackson is head coach of the U.S. women's track and field team at the Olympic Games in Melbourne, Australia; she is the first black person to serve as head coach of the U.S. Olympic team. Jackson is head coach again at the 1972 Olympic Game. Read more... Montgomery Bus Boycott ends a year after it began with the integration of the city's buses. Read more... Earlene Brown wins the South Pacific Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) shotput title. Read more... Ella Baker, Stanley Levison, and Bayard Rustin found the northern-based organization In Friendship, to help raise funds for the southern civil rights struggle. Read more... White resistance to integration grows; segregationists use various strategies to circumvent court rulings, including shutting down public schools and establishing private schools. Read more... The Negro in American Culture, by Margaret Just Butcher, is published. The work traces the contributions of black people to American folk and formal culture. Jackie Robinson, who desegregated baseball, is appointed vice president of the Chock Full O'Nuts Corporation, one of the first black men in the country to break into the upper echelons of corporate America. Read more... Governor Orval Faubus blocks nine black students from entering Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. President Eisenhower orders federal troops to the area to provide protection for the nine students; the troops withdraw after two months, but the National Guard remains in Little Rock until the end of the school year in 1958. Read more... The Famous Ward Singers (Clara Ward, Marian Williams, and Henrietta Waddy) are the first gospel group to sing at the Newport Jazz Festival. Read more... Hank Aaron, who plays outfielder for the Milwaukee Braves, wins the National League Most Valuable Player; the Braves defeat the Yankees in the World Series. Read more... Jim Brown, a Syracuse University football star, also stars on the lacrosse team and becomes first black to play in the college North-South Game where he scores five goals and has two assists, as North beats South, 14 to 10. Read more... Ghana gains its independence; Kwame Nkrumah becomes president. Read more... Martin Luther King Jr. receives the Spingarn Medal. Read more... New York City passes the nation's first fair-housing legislation, banning racial discrimination on the basis of race or religion. Read more... In South Carolina, Allen University becomes the first African American college to invest with a black-owned brokerage firm. Read more... Althea Gibson playing with a white British partner becomes the first black to win a tournament at Wimbledon, as she and her partner win the Women's doubles competition. She also becomes the first black woman to win a grand slam tournament, taking the French Open. Read more... The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is established and headed by Martin Luther King Jr., who advocates a combined strategy of nonviolent direct action, litigation, economic boycotts, and voter registration to challenge Jim Crow laws. Ella Baker is the organizer of the central office. Read more... Ebony Fashion Fair stages its first tour; in the following decades, it grows into the world's largest traveling fashion show. Read more... Congress passes the Civil Rights Act of 1957, the first such legislation since Reconstruction, giving the attorney general greater authority to handle interference with school desegregation; the Civil Rights Act also establishes a new Civil Rights Commission and provides that suits regarding black disfranchisement be heard in federal courts instead of state courts. Read more... The combined assets of African American banks total $46,789,607. As the first African American sales representative for a major white-owned insurance company, Cirilo A. McSween is the first African American to sell $1 million in life insurance polices for any insurance company, African American or white, in a calendar year. African Americans begin a boycott of city stores in Tuskegee, Alabama, to protest the redrawing of city boundaries that deprives them of the right to vote in city elections. Herbert Simmons publishes Corner Boy, a protest novel tracing the lives of young black men who aspire to escape ghetto poverty. Read more... Malcolm X founds Muhammad Speaks, a Muslim newspaper. Read more... Wilt “the Stilt” Chamberlain is named the NBA Rookie of the Year and Most Valuable Player. This is the beginning of a thirteen-year run in which African Americans will win the Most Valuable Player award. Chamberlain will win it again in 1968, 1969, and 1970. Bill Russell of the Celtics will win it in 1961, 1962, 1963, and 1965. Other winners in this period are Oscar Robertson (1964); Wes Unseld (1969); Willis Reed (1970); and Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (1971, 1972). Read more... After gaining, losing, and regaining the middleweight title between 1955 and 1960, Sugar Ray Robinson permanently loses the title. Read more... Independence is won in Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Dahomey (Benin), Gabon, Côte D'Ivoire, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, Togo, and Upper Volta (Burkina Faso). Read more... Frank Howard, the Los Angeles Dodgers outfielder, is named Rookie of the YearRead more... Syracuse University's integrated football team, led by Ernie Davis, defeats the segregated University of Texas football team in the Cotton Bowl. This is the first time that a bowl game in the deep South features black stars and the first time a segregated team from the deep South is forced to play against black players and is beaten by them. Read more... Elijah Muhammad, leader of the Nation of Islam, calls for the formation of a black state. Read more... The Negro American League disbands, as do the remaining Negro League baseball teams. Read more... Blacks star in the summer Olympics in Rome, especially in track and field, where they win eleven gold, three silver, and three bronze medals. Rafer Johnson, who carries the American flag in opening ceremonies when U.S. athletes march into the stadium, sets a new record in the decathlon, winning the gold medal. Wilma Rudolph leads the women's track team with three gold medals (the first American woman to do so) while setting a new world record in the 100-meter dash. Ralph Boston wins gold and sets a new record in long jump. Cassius M. Clay Jr. wins the gold medal in boxing and returns to the United States a hero. After turning pro, Clay will convert to Islam, take the name Muhammad Ali, and become the most famous boxer in the world. In basketball the team is led by a black star, Oscar Robertson, and a white star, Jerry West. Read more... With support from CORE, student sit-ins are staged in fifteen southern cities, beginning in Greensboro, North Carolina; although about 1,500 protestors are arrested and mob violence occurs, the movement successfully integrates lunch counters in Texas and throughout the South. Read more... The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) is founded. Read more... Of all black women in the labor force, 32.5 percent are employed in domestic service, 21.4 percent are in other service positions, 10.8 percent are in clerical and sales, and 6 percent are in professional positions. Read more... President Eisenhower signs the Civil Rights Act of 1960, prohibiting the intimidation of black voters and authorizing judges to appoint referees to oversee black voter registration. Read more... Martin Luther King Jr. is arrested at a student protest in Atlanta, Georgia; the presidential candidate John F. Kennedy intervenes to secure King's release from jail. Read more... Charles F. Harris, an editor at Doubleday, begins Zenith Books, a series of histories of minorities for the general and educational markets. Fuller Grody of Detroit becomes the first black professional bowler on the PBA tour. Black population of the United States is 18,871,831, or 10.5 percent of the total population. There are 9,758,423 women. Gwendolyn Brooks publishes the poetry collection The Bean Eaters, in which she calls for political activism. Read more... John A. Williams publishes his first novel, The Angry Ones. Read more... Abele Bikele wins the Marathon in the 1960 Rome Olympics. He is the first black sub-Saharan African to win an Olympic Gold Medal. Supported by SCLS, SNCC, NAACP, and CORE, the Albany Movement is organized to end discrimination in all public facilities in Albany, Georgia; led by Martin Luther King Jr. many demonstrators are beaten and jailed, including Dr. King. Read more... The Supremes (Florence Ballard, Diana Ross, and Mary Wilson) make their chart debut with “Let Me Go the Right Way.” Read more... The civil rights activist Daisy Bates publishes Long Shadow of Little Rock. Read more... Audrey Forbes Manley becomes the first black woman appointed to the position of chief resident at Cook County Children's Hospital, Chicago. Read more... Edith S. Sampson becomes the first black woman judge in the United States. Read more... James Meredith enrolls in the University of Mississippi over the objections of Governor Ross Barnett; rioting erupts when federal marshals escort Meredith to classes. Read more... Jackie Robinson is elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility. Read more... Wilt Chamberlain scores 100 points against the New York Knicks, the most points ever scored by a player in one game. In 2006, Kobe Bryant of the Los Angeles Lakers will score 81, the second highest ever. Read more... Algeria, Burundi, and Uganda become independent. Read more... Maury Willis, the Los Angeles Dodgers shortstop, wins the National League Most Valuable Player. Read more... Charlie Sifford becomes the first black golfer on the PGA tour. Read more... Four black mothers stage a sit-in at a Chicago elementary school to protest de facto segregation, unequal facilities, double shifts, and mobile classrooms; nearly 250,000 people boycott the Chicago school system to protest segregation. Read more... The Ku Klux Klan bombs and destroys four black churches in Georgia. Read more... PepsiCo's Harvey Clarence Russell Jr. is the first African American to be appointed vice president of an international corporation. Ed Dwight becomes first black astronaut, and is featured on the covers of Ebony and Jet. He is never given the opportunity to go into space and resigns in 1966. Voter Registration School opens in Pike Country, Mississippi, marking the first such effort in the state's history. Charles Perry’s first novel, Portrait of a Young Man Drowning, is published. With allusions to James Joyce’s Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man, the story draws upon Perry’s extensive research on juvenile delinquents and gangsters in tracing the life of an Irish American who becomes involved in the underworld of Brooklyn, New York. Read more... James Baldwin publishes Another Country, a novel set in New York, Paris, and Alabama that explores how characters in each place resolve issues of sexual and racial identity. Read more... The journalist and historian Lerone Bennett Jr. publishes Before the Mayflower: A History of the Negro in America, 1619–1962. The work becomes a best-seller and is published in many editions. Read more... Robert Hayden’s second collection of poetry, A Ballad of Remembrance, is published. In 1966 it will win the Grand Prix de la Poesie (Grand Prize for Poetry) at the First World Festival of Negro Arts held in Dakar, Senegal, and Hayden will be named poet laureate of Senegal. Read more... William Melvin Kelley wins the Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Foundation Award for his first novel, Different Drummer, which documents the courage of the former slave Tucker Caliban. Read more... Cassius Clay (later Muhammad Ali) defeats Sonny Liston for the heavyweight boxing title. Read more... Wendell Oliver Scott become the first black driver to win a NASCAR race, the NASCAR GN 100-mile race at Jacksonville, Florida. Read more... Three civil rights workers—James Chaney, Michael Schwerner, and Andrew Goodman—are murdered near Philadelphia, Mississippi; by the end of the year, the civil rights struggle in the state will have resulted in three deaths, eighty beatings, and the bombing of more than sixty churches, homes, and other buildings. Read more... In response to international pressure, South Africa is banned from Olympic competition. Read more... Marian Anderson receives the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Johnson. Read more... Lena Frances Edwards, MD, receives the highest civilian award, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, from President Lyndon B. Johnson, becoming the only obstetrician-gynecologist, before or since, to be so honored. Read more... Constance Baker Motley becomes the first black woman elected to the New York State Senate. Read more... Sidney Poitier receives an Oscar for his performance in Lilies of the Field. Read more... Malcolm X breaks with the Black Muslim movement to develop his own philosophy regarding the civil rights struggle and to found the Organization of Afro-American Unity. Read more... Nelson Mandela is tried and convicted in South Africa; Tanganyike and Zanzibar join to form Tanzania; Malawi and Zambia become independent; Hutus overthrow Tutsi rule in Burundi. Read more... The Supremes have their first number-one hit with “Where Did Our Love Go.” Read more... The poet and playwright Leroi Jones (later Amiri Baraka) establishes the Black Arts Repertory Theater School in Harlem; Jones receives an Obie Award for his play Dutchman. He also publishes a volume of poetry, Dead Lecturer, which represents his departure from the apolitical Beats and signifies his burgeoning commitment to revolutionary activism.. Read more... Anna Arnold Hedgeman publishes her autobiography and assessment of black leadership, The Trumpet Sounds. Read more... Dick “Richie” Allen, the Philadelphia Phillies third baseman is named Rookie of the Year. Read more... The St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Bob Gibson becomes the first black player to win the World Series Most Valuable Player award. Read more... In golf Peter Brown wins the Waco Open. Read more... Race riots occur throughout the United States; a demonstration again police brutality in New York City turns violent, spreading to the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn. Read more... The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) is founded. Annie Devine, Fannie Lou Hamer, Anna Mae King, Unita Blackwell, and others representing the party confront Democratic Party leaders at the Atlantic City national convention, where Hamer testifies before the credentials committee and a national television audience about the physical violence she and others suffered when they attempted to vote. Read more... Oliver “Butch” Martin becomes the first African American to win a place on the U.S. Olympic cycling team. Joe Frazier wins the gold medal in heavyweight boxing. In track and field black athletes win eleven gold medals, eight silver medals, and one bronze; they break six world records. In three other events they break Olympic records. Robert Douglas and Charles Tribble become the first blacks on a U.S. Olympic wrestling team. Read more... Appearing on the cover of Harper's Bazaar, Donyale Luna becomes the first African American model to appear on the cover of a mainstream U.S. fashion magazine. Read more... Alma Jacobs is the first African American to become a member of the executive board of the American Library Association. Read more... President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964, increasing the authority of the attorney general to protect citizens against discrimination; the legislation denies federal funds to programs that discriminate and establishes the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Read more... Martin Luther King Jr. receives the Nobel Peace Prize. Read more... Alvin Boutte and George E. Johnson establish the Independence Bank of Chicago. Among their depositers are major white-owned corporations like CBS, Chrysler, General Motors, Johnson and Johnson, and Delta Airlines and successful black-owned corporations like Johnson Publishing. Clifton W. Gates, M. Leo Bohanon, and James Hurt of the Urban League; Howard Woods of the St. Louis Argus; and other prominent African American investors establish the first black-owned bank in Missouri, Gateway National Bank. Edward Gardner founds Soft Sheen Products, an ethnic hair care manufacturer. The Twenty-fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution eliminates the poll tax for federal elections. Ernest Gaines publishes his first novel, Catherine Carmier. Set in Louisiana, the book traces a doomed love story and explores the barriers not only between whites and African Americans, but also between African Americans and African Creoles. Read more... Martin Luther King Jr. publishes Why We Can't Wait, in which he argues that poor whites and African Americans are natural allies that should work together to change society. Read more... Rioting erupts in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles, resulting in 34 deaths, 1,032 injuries, and an estimated $35 million in property damage; the riot ushers in a period of violent confrontation in America's inner cities. Read more... Patricia Roberts Harris becomes the first black woman to head a U.S. embassy when she is appointed ambassador to Luxembourg. Read more... Willie Mays of the San Francisco Giants wins his second National League Most Valuable Player award. Read more... Constance Baker Motley is elected president of the borough of Manhattan in New York, the highest elected office held by a black woman in a major U.S. city. Read more... Fifty-nine-year-old Satchel Paige pitches three innings of shutout ball for the Kansas City Athletics. He is considered the oldest player to appear in a major league game. He was added to the Kansas City roster so he could qualify for a major league pension. Read more... Arthur Ashe wins the NCAA men's tennis championship. Read more... Led by Martin Luther King Jr., demonstrators attempt to march from Selma to the Alabama state capitol in Montgomery to call attention to voters' rights; state troopers block the path of the marchers on the Edmund Pettus Bridge and attack them with clubs and tear gas in what has come to be called “Bloody Sunday.” Under the protection of federal troops, marchers succeed in reaching the state capitol two days later. Read more... Black players boycott the American Football League (AFL) all-star game because of rampant discrimination in New Orleans, where it is to be held. Pressure from black players forces the AFL to move the game to Houston. Read more... Rhodesia declares its independence under Ian Smith; Mobuto Sese Seko takes power in Congo-Kinshasa and renames the country Zaire; King Hassan reestablishes the monarchy in Morocco; Gambia gains its independence. Read more... Leontyne Price receives the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's Spingarn Medal. Read more... President Lyndon Johnson signs into law the Voting Rights Act of 1965, authorizing federal examiners to register African Americans wherever state officials have refused to do so. Read more... Lucille Dixon is a founding member and manager of the Symphony of the New World. Read more... Vivian Malone, the first African American student at the University of Alabama, graduates. Read more... A consortium of African American entrepreneurs in Chicago's Southside establish the Seaway National Bank. In Harlem, the first bank chartered and operated by African Americans, the Freedom National Bank, is established. The National Association of Media Women is organized by Rhea Callaway. Amiri Baraka (Leroi Jones) publishes his sole novel, System of Dante’s Hell, an autobiographical coming-of-age story with a structure borrowed from the Inferno. Read more... Claude Brown publishes his autobiography Manchild in the Promised Land documenting life in an urban community. Read more... Melvin B. Tolson publishes Harlem Gallery, Book 1: The Curator, a book of vignettes, conversations, philosophy, and commentary on the role of black artists, inspired by experiences in his art gallery in Harlem. Though the book is conceived as part of a series, Tolson will only publish the first volume. Read more... The Autobiography of Malcolm X, written with Alex Haley, is published after the author’s assassination. A major literary achievement of the twentieth century, the work traces the evolution of Malcolm X’s political, philosophical, and religious perspectives on the African American experience. Read more... Bill Russell is named coach of the Boston Celtics; he is the first African American coach of a professional sports team. Read more... Martin Luther King Jr. launches his Chicago campaign to call attention to discrimination in housing, jobs, and education in the North; rioting erupts in the city a few days later and the National Guard is mobilized to restore order in Chicago and elsewhere. Read more... Barbara Charline Jordan becomes the first black woman in the Texas Senate; she is later elected to the U.S. House of Representatives and distinguishes herself during the Watergate hearings. Read more... Edward Brooke of Massachusetts becomes the first African American senator since Reconstruction. Read more... U.S. Senate confirms Constance Baker Motley as a district court judge; she is the first African American woman on the federal bench. Read more... Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale found the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense in Oakland, California; the party soon expands to become a national organization. Read more... Lesotho and Botswana gain their independence. Read more... Robert Weaver is named secretary of housing and urban development, becoming the first African American cabinet member. Read more... Julian Bond is denied a seat on the Georgia legislature because of his opposition to the Vietnam War. Read more... Tommie Lee Agee, the Chicago White Sox outfielder, becomes the first African American Rookie of the Year in the American League. Read more... CORE votes to endorse the concept of “black power,” while the NAACP publicly disavows the concept. Read more... Roberto Clemente, the black Latino outfielder for the Pittsburgh Pirates, wins the National League Most Valuable Player. Read more... Ted Williams, perhaps the greatest hitter in baseball history, is inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. In his speech Williams, who is white, congratulates Willie Mays on passing Williams on the list of all-time homerun hitters. Then, in a startling statement, Williams declares: “Baseball gives every American boy a chance to excel. Not just to be as good as anybody else, but to be better. This is the nature of man and the name of the game. I hope some day Satchel Paige and Josh Gibson will be voted into the Hall of Fame as symbols of the great Negro players who are not here only because they weren't given the chance.” Read more... Frank Robinson of the Baltimore Orioles become the first and only (as of 2006) black to win baseball's Triple Crown, leading the league in hitting average, homeruns, and runs batted in (RBIs). He is unanimously voted the American League Most Valuable Player. He is the second African American in the American League to win this award and the first to be unanimously chosen. The same season, Robinson is named the World Series Most Valuable Player. Robinson will become the only player to win the Most Valuable Player in both the American and National leagues. Read more... Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson is elected executive secretary of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), the only woman to hold that position. Read more... The SNCC spokesman Stokely Carmichael launches the Black Power Movement at a civil rights rally in Mississippi. Read more... The White House Conference on Civil Rights convenes; 2,400 people attend. Read more... As part of the Small Business Adminstration's venture-capital program, the Minority Enterprise Small Business Investment Company is founded. Forty-five percent of all college teams have at least one black player. Emmett Ashford becomes the first African American umpire in Major League Baseball. The Texas Western University basketball team, fielding an all-black starting lineup, defeats the all-white University of Kentucky team to win the NCAA national championship. It is the first time an all-black team defeats an all-white team, disproving the claim that blacks players cannot win without a white “leader” on the court. The coach of Kentucky, the legendary Adolph Rupp, had refused to allow black players on his team. Amiri Baraka (Leroi Jones) publishes Home: Social Essays, which chronicles the increasingly nationalistic politics of the author. It also reflects a growing impatience with gradualism, as African Americans continue to experience slow to no progress in civil rights and social equality. Read more... George “Hal” Bennett’s first novel, A Wilderness of Vines, is published. Set in pre-World War II Virginia, the work describes a community in which racial status takes on the zealotry of a religion. Read more... Margaret Walker publishes the novel Jubilee, which was originally her doctoral dissertation. The book is both a transcription of the oral history of her great-grandmother and a broad depiction of the South during the Civil War era. Read more... Robert Hayden publishes Selected Poems, further establishing himself as a major figure in American poetry. Read more... Adam Clayton Powell Jr. is expelled from the House of Representatives for alleged improprieties; he wins a special election to fill his own seat and returns to the House two years later. He is eventually defeated by Charles Rangel in 1970. Read more... Bill Russell is the first black NBA coach when he becomes player-coach of the Boston Celtics, and leads team to NBA championships in 1968 and 1969. Read more... Aretha Franklin signs with Atlantic Records and releases I Never Loved a Man (the Way I Loved You). Read more... Nominated by President Johnson, and confirmed by the Senate, Thurgood Marshall becomes the nation's first black associate justice of the Supreme Court. Read more... Muhammad Ali is stripped of his heavyweight title for refusing to be drafted. Read more... Kathleen Cleaver becomes communications secretary for the Black Panther Party. Read more... Carl Stokes of Cleveland, Ohio, becomes the first black mayor of a major American city. Read more... Orlando Cepeda, the St. Louis Cardinals first baseman, unanimously wins the National League Most Valuable Player award. Read more... The black Latino Rod Carew is named the American League Rookie of the YearRead more... The pitcher Bob Gibson of the St. Louis Cardinals is chosen as the World Series Most Valuable Player. Read more... In a unanimous vote, the U.S. Supreme Court rules in Loving v. Virginia that the state's antimiscegenation law is unconstitutional, nullifying all remaining similar laws in fifteen other states. Read more... The founding convention of the National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO) is held, with Johnnie Tillmon as chair, Etta Horn as first vice chair, Beulah Saunders as second vice chair, Edith Doering as secretary, and Marian Kidd as treasurer. Read more... Jesse Jackson is appointed national director of Operation Breadbasket in the hope that his leadership will increase employment and promote entrepreneurship among blacks. Read more... Biafra attempts to secede from Nigeria; Swaziland becomes independent; Muammar al-Qaddafi seizes power in Libya. Read more... Martin Luther King Jr. announces his opposition to the Vietnam War, alienating some of his strongest supporters in government, including President Johnson. Read more... Renee Powell is the first black woman to join the Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA) tour. Read more... Nannie Mitchell Turner receives the Distinguished Editor Award from the National Newspaper Publishers Association. Read more... Helen Natalie Jackson Claytor becomes the first African American to serve as national president of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA). Read more... Albert William Johnson is awarded the first dealership from a major automaker to an African American. He opens his Oldsmobile dealership in a predominantly African American neighborhood in Chicago. The Urban Arts Corps, an inner-city theater program to showcase performers of color, is founded in New York City by Vinnette Carroll, who serves as its artistic director. Winston-Salem State becomes the first HBCU to win an NCAA title in basketball, the Division II championship. Major Robert Lawrence becomes the second African American astronaut. Amiri Baraka (Leroi Jones) publishes Tales, a collection of short stories that are a call for revolutionary uprising. Read more... Ishmael Reed’s first novel The Free-Lance Pall Bearers, is published. It is a parody of Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man, and establishes Reed as a satirical critic of the black literary tradition. Read more... John A. Williams’s book The Man Who Cried I Am is published. It is a fictionalized account of the retraction by the American Academy of Arts and Letters of the Prix de Rome prize after an interview with him. Williams is the only winner to have his prize retracted by the academy. Read more... John E. Wideman publishes his first novel A Glance Away, the first of a body of work that explores tensions between African ancestry and the dominance of European culture and ideas. Read more... Despite their outstanding performances in the 200-meter sprint, John Carlos and teammate Tommie Smith are stripped of their medals and ejected from the Olympic Village for raising their gloved hands in the Black Power salute while the national anthem plays. Read more... With the premiere of Julia, Diahann Carroll becomes the first black star of a television situation comedy. Read more... The attorney Marian Wright Edelman is the congressional and federal agency liaison for the Poor Peoples' Campaign, which brings an estimated 50,000 demonstrators to Washington, D.C. Read more... The longest-running drama of the 1968-1969 off-Broadway season is To Be Young, Gifted, and Black, adapted posthumously from the unpublished writings of Lorraine Hansberry. Read more... Clothhilde Dent Brown becomes the first African American woman to be promoted to the rank of colonel in the U.S. Army. Read more... Arthur Ashe wins his first U.S. Open in tennis and leads the U.S. Davis Cup team to an international victory. Read more... Fannie Lou Hamer, Dessie Lee Patterson, and twenty other Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) members unseat the regular delegation to the National Democratic Convention in Chicago. Read more... Huey Newton, co-founder of the Black Panther Party, is tried and convicted of the shooting death of a white policeman; several months later, three members of the Black Panthers are arrested and charged with carrying out a machine-gun attack on a police station in Jersey City. Read more... Record numbers of African American congressmen (and the first black congresswoman, Shirley Chisholm from New York's Twelfth Congressional District) are elected. Read more... Edward Lewis and Clarence O. Smith start publishing Essence magazine, focusing on beauty, health, and self-improvement. With a future monthly readership of over 7.6 million, it will become the most successful black women's magazine in the world. Read more... The St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Bob Gibson is named National League Most Valuable Player. Gibson is also unanimously awarded the National League Cy Young Award. Read more... Kerner Commission warns that America is becoming “two societies—one black, one white—separate and unequal.” Read more... Despite controversies, blacks dominate track and field events at the Olympics, winning 19 gold, 13 silver, and 4 bronze medals. Including members of relay teams, blacks set 16 new world records and 19 Olympic records. Robert Douglas served as captain of the entire Olympic team and wins the gold in freestyle wrestling. Read more... Harold Hunter becomes the first black to serve as a coach (though not the head coach) of a U.S. Olympic basketball team. Hunter had been the first black to sign with an NBA team in 1950, but was cut from the team before the season. Though five blacks (including the future NBA star Jo Jo White) play on the team, a significant number of black college and future NBA stars boycott the games to protest racism in the United States, including Lew Alcindor (Kareem Abdul-Jabbar), Elvin Hayes, Bob Lanier and Wes Unseld. Read more... Operation PUSH (People United to Save Humanity), is started by Jesse Jackson. The organization promotes African American entrepreneurship by conducting business-oriented seminars and trade show expositions. Read more... Jim Hines becomes the first sprinter to break ten seconds in the 100-meter dash; he sets the new world record. Read more... The National Domestic Workers Union is founded in Atlanta, under the leadership of Dorothy Lee Bolden. Read more... Naomi Sims is the first black woman to appear on the cover of Ladies' Home Journal; the next year she is the first black woman on the cover of Life. Read more... Barbara M. Watson, the first woman to be assistant secretary of state, becomes the first woman to be the administrator of the Bureau of Security and Consular Affairs of the U.S. State Department. Read more... Madeline Manning wins a gold medal in the 800-meter race in the Mexico City Olympics and later participates in the 1972 and 1976 Olympics. Read more... Gwendolyn Brooks becomes poet laureate of Illinois. Read more... Fortune magazine reports that African American consumers spend $30 billion annually. Progress Plaza, the first major shopping center developed by an African American, opens in Philadelphia. Leon Howard Sullivan is responsible for the center's creation. The National Negro Business League reports that African Americans own or control more than 50,000 businesses. Under McGeorge Bundy, the Ford Foundation awards major grants to two African American business development agencies: $520,000 to the Negro Industrial and Economic Union in Cleveland, Ohio, and $400,000 to the Bedford-Stuyvesant Development and Services Corporation in Brooklyn, New York. Elizabeth Duncan Koontz becomes the first African American to serve as president of the National Education Association (NEA). In Southeast Conference (SEC) there are only eleven African Americans on athletic scholarships. There are no black players on college teams from Alabama, Auburn, Florida, Mississippi, Mississippi State, LSU, and Georgia. Myrtis Dightman of Crockett, Texas is ranked third in bullriding by the Professional Rodeo Cowboy Association for the second year in a row. Alice Walker publishes her first volume of poetry, Once, which includes poems written during a summer she spent in Africa. Read more... Audre Lorde publishes her first volume of poetry, First Cities; the poems are a break from the overtly black-nationalist poetry of the time. Read more... Eldridge Cleaver publishes Soul on Ice, a collection of essays and prison writing that becomes central to the literature of the Black Nationalist movement. Read more... Ernest Gaines publishes Bloodline; written in the first person, the collection of five short stories reveal the need for social change. Read more... Julius Lester publishes his first book, Look Out, Whitey! Black Power’s Gon’ Get Your Mama. Lester also compiles To Be a Slave, a collection of passages from slave narratives, with illustrations by Tom Feelings. Read more... Nikki Giovanni publishes her first collection of poems, Black Feeling, Black Talk. The work features explosive political and revolutionary themes as well as intimate and personal ones; her poems are performed, often in combination with gospel music. Roy Campanella becomes the second black elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame. Read more... Coretta Scott King establishes the Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change in Atlanta, Georgia. Read more... The South African government denies a visa to the tennis champion Arthur Ashe, preventing him from playing in the South Africa Open. Ashe begins a campaign to have South Africa expelled from international tennis. Read more... Adam Clayton Powell Jr. returns to the House of Representatives, but is stripped of his seniority and fined $25,000 for alleged misuse of payroll funds and travel allowances. Read more... John McLendon is named coach of the Denver Rockets in the American Basketball Association. Read more... Moneta Sleet, who frequently photographs for Ebony magazine, receives a Pulitzer Prize; he is the first African American man to be so honored. Read more... The New York Mets first baseman and Morehouse graduate Donn Clendenon is voted the World Series Most Valuable Player. Read more... The San Francisco Giants first baseman Willie McCovey is named the National League Most Valuable Player. Read more... African American members of the U.S. House of Representatives form the Congressional Black Caucus to address the concerns of black and minority citizens. Read more... Charlie Sifford becomes the first black to win a major PGA tournament, the Los Angeles Open. Read more... Nell C. Jackson becomes the first African American to sit on the U.S. Olympic Committee's board of directors and is inducted into the Black Athletes Hall of Fame in 1977 for her achievements as a track star and sports administrator. Read more... Employed with WAGA-TV in Atlanta, Xernona Clayton (Brady) becomes the first black woman to host a television show in the South. Read more... Clashes with police decimate the Black Panther Party leadership: Fred Hampton and Mark Clark are killed in a raid, Eldridge Cleaver goes into exile to avoid returning to prison, and Bobby Seale is arrested for conspiracy to incite rioting at the Democratic Convention in Chicago. Read more... James Earl Ray pleads guilty to killing Martin Luther King Jr. although many people believe that Ray is the “fall guy” in a conspiracy organized by the government. Read more... Lucille Clifton's first book of poems, Good Times, is published and chosen by the New York Times as one of the ten best books of the year. Read more... Maya Angelou's first autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, is published. Her work demonstrates how individual experience is related to broader political movements and the community as a whole. Read more... George Johnson incorporates Johnson Products Company, the largest African American hair care products manufacturer. Henry Green Parks Jr. who started the Baltimore-based Parks Sausage Company in 1951, leads the first publicly traded black-owned company in the over-the-counter market. In New York, nine African American accountants organized the National Association of Black Accountants (NABA). James Bruce Llewellyn spearheads a leveraged buyout of the ten-store, white-owned, food store chain Fedco Foods in South Bronx, New York, for $3 million. Under Llewellyn's direction, the chain will grow to twenty-seven stores with $85 million in revenues. One of the first African American fast food franchise owners is Brady Keys, a former all-pro defensive halfback for the Pittsburgh Steelers. He launches All-Pro Enterprises and buys Burger King and Kentucky Fried Chicken franchises. Keys also offers franchise opportunities to other African Americans through his company. After being turned down for a job at fifty different white-owned ad agencies, Byron Lewis creates his own agency, UniWorld Group, Inc., in New York. He enjoys great success; among his corporate clients are Burger King, AT&T, Kodak, and Ford. Under Executive Order 11458, President Richard Nixon creates the Office of Minority Business Enterprise in the Department of Commerce. At age eighteen, Ruth White is the youngest woman and the first African American to win a national fencing championship; she holds four national titles. Clara McBride “Mother” Hale opens Hale House in Harlem for babies of drug-addicted mothers. Tina Sloane-Green is the first African American woman to compete on the U.S. National Lacrosse team. Cecil Brown publishes his first novel Life and Loves of Mr. Jiveass Nigger; the work establishes his literary reputation. Molefi Asante and Robert Singleton found the Journal of Black Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles. Sonia Sanchez publishes Homecoming, her first volume of poetry. Ralph Metcalfe, a 1936 Olympic gold medalist, is elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Chicago's Southside. Read more... Coretta Scott King dedicates the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Center, which includes his home, the Ebenezer Baptist Church, and the crypt that houses his remains. Read more... Sporting News names the Boston Celtics center Bill Russell “Athlete of the Decade.” Read more... Toni Cade (Bambara) edits and publishes the pioneering Black Woman: An Anthology. A collection of essays, short stories, and poetry by well-known writers and students in the New York City College SEEK Program, the work is considered the first major work on black contemporary feminism. Read more... The activist and scholar Angela Davis is placed on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted list; after a nationwide police search, Davis is arrested and charged with murder, kidnapping, and conspiracy. Read more... Toni Morrison's first novel, Bluest Eye, is published. Read more... The poet Sonia Sanchez publishes We a BaddDDD People, her second collection of poems. Read more... Alice Walker publishes her first novel, Third Life of Grange Copeland. The work examines issues of gender and race under the sharecropping system. Read more... The tennis star Arthur Ashe wins Australian Open and French Open. Read more... Earl Graves publishes Black Enterprise magazine to promote African American economic development. Read more... Norma Holloway Johnson is confirmed to a seat on the U.S. District Court in Washington, D.C., after being nominated by President Richard Nixon. Read more... The University of Southern California (USC) football team has a starting backfield that is entirely black. The team beats the segregated University of Alabama team 42 to 21. This is the first time that a Division I NCAA football team has an all-black backfield. One of the Alabama coaches later says that the USC fullback Sam Cunningham "did more to integrate Alabama in sixty minutes that night than Martin Luther King had accomplished in twenty years.. Read more... Joe Frazier defeats Jimmy Ellis for the heavyweight boxing title. Read more... Bombs destroy 30 percent of Denver's school buses in an attempt by segregationists to disrupt the city's integration plans. Read more... President Richard Nixon extends the Voting Rights Act. Read more... Civil and ethnic wars erupt across the African continent. Read more... Lucille Clifton publishes her first children's book, Some of the Days of Everett Anderson. Read more... A group of Masters of Business Administration students at the University of Chicago organizes the National Black MBA Association to promote professionalization in business among African Americans. Out of 3,000 senior-level Fortune 500 executives, only three are black: Clifton Wharton Jr. at Equitable; Thomas Wood at Chase Manhattan; and Robert Weaver at Metropolitan Life. Barbara Proctor founds the first black woman-owned advertising agency in Chicago, Proctor and Gardner Advertising, Inc. Her clients include Sears, Roebuck and E. J. Gallo Winery. Joseph L. Searles III is the first African American to work on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. Of 35,000 stock brokers in the country, only 60, or 0.001 percent, are African American. Cheryl Brown, Miss Iowa, becomes the first black woman to compete in the Miss America pageant. Of all black women in the labor force 17.5 percent are employed in domestic service, 25.7 percent are in other service positions, 23.4 percent are in sales and clerical positions, and 10.8 percent are in professional positions. The Coalition of 100 Black Women is founded in New York. Although it is not yet a national holiday, Martin Luther King's birthday is celebrated in many parts of the country. Black population of the United States is 22,580,289, or 11.1 percent of the total population. There are 11,831,973 women. Charles Godone wins the Pulitzer Prize for his play No Place to Go. John Edgar Wideman publishes the novel Hurry Home. Read more... The juvenile fiction writer Lucille Clifton publishes her first children’s book, Some of the Days of Everett Anderson, the beginning of a series with an inner-city black boy as the protagonist. Read more... Louise Meriwether publishes her first novel, Daddy Was a Numbers Runner; the novel depicts the life of a black girl growing up in Harlem, New York, during the 1930s. Read more... Mari Evans publishes I Am a Black Woman, a collection of poems concerning romantic love and social injustice. Read more... Dr. Jane Cook Wright becomes the first woman president of the New York Cancer Society. Read more... Angela Davis publishes the pioneering essay “Reflections on the Black Woman's Role in the Community of Slaves,” written from her prison cell. Read more... Maya Angelou's screenplay Georgia, Georgia is made into a film starring Diana Sands, making Angelou the first black woman to have an original screenplay produced. Read more... General Motors appoints Leon Sullivan to its board of directors, the first African American in the automobile industry to be so appointed. Read more... Chris Chambliss, the Cleveland Indian first baseman, becomes the second African American Rookie of the Year in the American League. Read more... Ferguson “Fergie” Jenkins, a black Canadian pitcher for the Chicago Cubs, wins the Cy Young Award. Read more... Vida Blue, the Oakland Athletics pitcher, is named the American League Most Valuable Player. Vida Blue also wins the American League Cy Young award, becoming the first and (as of 2005) only American League black pitcher to win the award. Read more... Wayne Embry of the NBA's Milwaukee Bucks becomes the first black general manager of a major sport team. Read more... The Pittsburgh Pirates outfielder Roberto Clemente, a black Latino, is chosen as the World Series Most Valuable Player. Read more... Members of the Congressional Black Caucus meet with President Richard Nixon to present sixty recommendations for governmental action on domestic and foreign issues; the president rejects the recommendations and twelve congressmen boycott Nixon's State of the Union address. Read more... Abe Sapperstein, the founder of the Harlem Globetrotters, is inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame. Read more... Lauranne B. Sams is a founding member of the National Black Nurses' Association and serves as its first president. Read more... Over 800,000 people attend the “Black Expo,” a four-day exhibition sponsored by Jesse Jackson and Operation PUSH in Chicago. Read more... Satchel Paige is elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame for his career in the Negro Leagues. He is the first of a number of Negro League players to be elected to the Hall of Fame. Read more... Althea Gibson is inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame. Arhur Ashe wins the French Open for the second year in a row. Read more... Aileen Hernandez is elected president of the National Organization for Women (NOW), the first African American woman to hold the position. Read more... By a vote of 8 to 0, with Justice Thurgood Marshall abstaining, the U.S. Supreme Court overturns the draft evasion charges against Muhammad Ali, ruling that Ali, a Muslim, was objecting to military service on religious grounds. Ali returns to boxing. Read more... When he takes over Eastern Airlines, James O. Plinton Jr. becomes the first African American to lead a major U.S. airline. Daniels and Bell, a firm started by Willie L. Daniels and Travers Bell Jr. after being inspired by The Wiz, is the first African American company to become a member of the New York Stock Exchange. Johnson Products Company, Inc., is the first black-owned company listed on the American Stock Exchange. Melvin R. Wade is the first and only African American to own a rubber recycling plant, the Eastern Rubber Reclaiming Company in Chester, Pennsylvania. Thomas Burrell founds Burrell Advertising of Chicago, which becomes the leading black-owned ad agency through the mid-1990s. Among Burrell's clients are Crest, Ford, Quaker Oats, Jack Daniels, Coca-Cola, and McDonald's. The National Women's Political Caucus is founded. Ernest Gaines publishes Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman. A historical novel drawn from slave narratives, it will become widely acclaimed. Read more... John O. Killens publishes Cotillion; or, One Good Bull is Half the Herd, a novel that explores the dark aspects of the African American community. Read more... Maya Angelou publishes a book of poetry, Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'fore I Diiie. Read more... Nikki Giovanni publishes her autobiography, Gemini: An Extended Autobiographical Statement on My First Twenty-Five Years of Being a Black Poet. Read more... The Black Aesthetic, edited by the literary critic Addison Gayle, is published. It is a collection of essays by prominent African American writers and theorists discussing the Black Arts Movement. Read more... U.S. Supreme Court rules against the St. Louis Cardinals star Curt Flood in his attempt to be declared a free agent so he can avoid being traded. Flood argues that baseball's reserve clause is tantamount slavery. The court disagrees, holding that Flood is free to leave baseball and is not forced to play the game, but is only obligated by his contract to play for the team that holds the contract. Flood sits out a year, which makes him a free agent. While ending his career, Flood's case and his willingness to sit out a year leads to the development of free agency for future players. Read more... Shirley Chisholm, Democratic congresswoman from New York, becomes the first African American woman to seek the party's nomination for president. Read more... Barbara Jordan is elected to the U.S. House of Representatives and serves three terms. Read more... The sociologist Joyce Ladner publishes Tomorrow's Tomorrow. Read more... Jewel Stradford Lafontant, the first black woman to serve as assistant U.S. attorney, is appointed deputy solicitor general of the United States by President Richard Nixon. Read more... Alma Thomas is the first African American woman to have an individual show at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City. Read more... Josh Gibson, the greatest player of the Negro Leagues (the “black Babe Ruth”), is elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame as a Negro League player. Gibson was too old to play in the major leagues when they were finally integrated. Read more... White jurors acquit Angela Davis for her alleged role in a 1970 courtroom shooting in San Rafael, California, in which a judge and three other people were killed. Read more... Dick “Richie” Allen, the Chicago White Sox first baseman, is named American League Most Valuable PlayerRead more... National Basketball Hall of Fame inducts Robert L. (Bob) Douglas, the “father of black professional basketball” and the owner and coach of the New York Renaissance (“the Rens”) from 1922 until 1949. Between 1932 and 1933 he led the Rens to eighty-eight consecutive victories. Read more... Yvonne Braithwaite Burke co-chairs the Democratic National Convention, the first black person to chair a major party's national political convention. Read more... A National Education Association study reveals that African Americans have lost 30,000 teaching positions since 1954 in southern and border states because of desegregation and discrimination. Read more... Johnson Publishing Company establishes a new headquarters in Chicago, in the city's first downtown building built by African Americans. Read more... Allen Coage wins the bronze medal in judo at the Montreal Olympics, becoming the first African American to medal in this event. Blacks dominate track and field, winning 17 gold, 13 silver, and 4 bronze medals, setting six new world records. Read more... Percy Sutton owns the country's largest black radio station, New York's WLIB-AM, which later expands into Inner City Broadcasting. Read more... The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment—the forty-year study of the effects of untreated syphilis on several hundred black men living in rural Alabama—is leaked to the press; public outrage brings about the end of the worst medical scandal in U.S. history. Read more... The National Association of Black Women Attorneys is founded and led by attorney Wilhelmina Jackson Rolark. Read more... The Oldsmobile and Cadillac dealership-owner Albert William Johnson owns the largest black-owned auto dealership in the country, with annual revenues of $14.5 million. Robert Gidron is the first African American owner of a Cadillac dealership in the Bronx, New York. For the first time, the New York Stock Exchange appoints an African American to its board of directors, Jerome H. Holland. In baseball Art Williams becomes the first black umpire in the National League. An estimated 8,000 African Americans from all regions of the United States attend the first National Black Political Convention in Gary, Indiana; the convention approves a platform of demands that includes reparations for slavery, proportional representation for blacks in Congress, the abolition of capital punishment, increased federal spending to fight drug trafficking, and a guaranteed annual income of $6,500 for a family of four. NAACP reports that unemployment among African Americans is greater than at any other time since the Great Depression. Ishmael Reed publishes Mumbo Jumbo, his third novel and the work considered to be his masterpiece. It is a pastiche of a variety of genres and media—film, music, history, and the occult among them—and takes place primarily in Harlem during the Jazz Age. Read more... The reporter Carl T. Rowan is elected to the prestigious Gridiron Club, an organization of journalists based in Washington, D.C. He is the group’s first black member. Read more... Ronald L. Fair publishes his semi-autobiographical novel We Can’t Breathe, which tells of a black boy’s experience trying to overcome racial and social injustice on the South Side of Chicago. Read more... Sherley Anne Williams publishes Give Birth to Brightness: A Thematic Study in Neo-Black Literature, her most acclaimed work. Influenced by black-aesthetic poetry of the 1960s, the work examines heroism and class issues in African American literary arts. Read more... Toni Cade Bambara publishes her most renowned collection of short stories, Gorilla, My Love, which explores relationships in stories set both in the North and the South. Read more... With his 715th homerun, Hank Aaron breaks the record of Babe Ruth; although Aaron is considered one of the all-time greatest baseball players, he receives death threats and hate mail as a result of breaking Ruth's record. Read more... The boxing promoter Don King bills the Ali-Frazier fight in Zaire as the “Rumble in the Jungle.” Each fighter is guaranteed $5 million out of an estimated $30 million purse. Read more... Thirty-two-year-old Muhammad Ali defeats fellow African American George Foreman, to regain the heavyweight boxing title taken from him in 1967. The fight in Kinshasa, Zaire, brings some revenue and great publicity to that African nation. Read more... Bake McBride, the St. Louis Cardinals outfielder, is named National League Rookie of the Year. Read more... African American businesses on Black Enterprise magazine's BE 100 list have combined annual sales of $600 million. Read more... The first African American mayor in Atlanta, Maynard Jackson, establishes the Minority Business Enterprise Program, which revolutionizes African American participation in public works projects. In 1973 the city of Atlanta granted black-owned construction companies a mere 0.001 percent of muncipal contracts ($41,758 out of $33 million). However, when Atlanta begins construction of the $750 million Hartsfield International Airport, under Jackson's leadership over seventy African American firms are awarded contracts that total $87 million. Read more... The Ebony Opera Company is founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Read more... Frank Robinson becomes the first black manager of a major league team when he is hired to manage the Cleveland Indians for the 1975 season. Read more... In the case of Milliken v. Bradley, the Supreme Court nullifies an attempt to implement the “metropolitan integration” of predominantly black schools in Detroit with those of nearby white suburbs; Justice Thurgood Marshall calls the ruing “an emasculation of the constitutional guarantee of equal opportunity.” Read more... Elaine Brown becomes the first and only female chairperson of the Black Panther Party. Read more... The radical black feminist Combahee River Collective is founded in Roxbury, Massachusetts. Read more... Virginia Hamilton publishes M.C. Higgins, the Great, which wins the American Library Association's Newberry Medal for the “most distinguished contribution to literature for children published in the United States,” the National Book Award, the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award, and the International Board of Books for Young People Award. Read more... Guinea, Cape Verde, Angola, and Mozambique become independent. In Detroit, Conyers Ford is not only the top African American car dealership in the country, but is also the only African American dealership to reach the BE 100 list every year. The National Black MBA Association incorporates as a non-profit organization in New York. The top African American bank is Independence Bank of Chicago. Ann Allen Shockley publishes Loving Her. It is the first known novel with a lesbian protagonist written by a black woman. Read more... Chester L. Washington, the first black reporter for the Los Angeles Times, becomes head of Central News-Wave Publications in California. Under his leadership, the organization grows to become the largest black newspaper operation in any single metropolitan area. Read more... Maya Angelou publishes another autobiographical work, Gather Together in My Name, which focuses on her and her brother’s relationship with their grandmother. Read more... Bill Russell becomes the first black NBA player elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame (opened in 1959). Read more... Cardiss Collins becomes the first African American and the first woman to be appointed Democratic Party whip-at-large of the U.S. House of Representatives. Read more... Arthur Ashe becomes the first and only (as of 2006) black to win the men's singles tournament at Wimbledon, defeating the American Jimmy Connors. Read more... The St. Louis Cardinals second baseman Joe Morgan is voted the National League Most Valuable Player. Read more... The all-white PGA invites the black golfer Lee Elder to play in the Masters. Golf is the last professional sport to be integrated. Read more... Elijah Muhammad dies and is succeeded by his son, Wallace D. Muhammad, as the head of the Nation of Islam; Wallace rejects his father's separatist teachings, adopts orthodox Islam, and changes the name of the organization to the World Community of al-Islam in the West. Read more... The two largest and most successful African American insurance companies, North Carolina Mutual Life and Atlanta Life, are contracted by Harvard University to provide $47 million in group life insurance. Read more... NAACP wins a court order to integrate Boston schools by busing black children from Roxbury to predominantly white schools in Charlestown; the transition is marked by racial violence. Read more... Pam Grier becomes the first black woman featured on the cover of Ms. magazine. Read more... Associated Press names Muhammad Ali, the world heavyweight boxing champion, Athlete of the Year for 1974. Read more... Margaret Bush Wilson becomes the first black woman chair of the board of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Read more... Minority-owned financial and banking institutions establish the National Association of Urban Bankers. William V. Banks pays $750,000 for WGPR-TV in Detroit, becoming the first African Ameircan to own and operate a television station. Doley Securities in New Orleans is the third black investment firm to trade on the NYSE. Wallace (Wally) Amos Jr. founds Famous Amos Chocolate Chip Cookies. The Congress of African Peoples (CAP) launches the Black Women United Front. Gloria Randle Scott becomes the first African American woman to serve as national president of the Girl Scouts, USA. JoAnne Little is acquitted of murder charges in the death of the prison guard who raped her in a jail cell in Beaufort, North Carolina; the case becomes a cause célèbre, highlighting the sexual abuse of black women and the denial of basic rights of black prisoners. New York Times reports that the FBI wiretapped conversations of civil rights leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr. Gayl Jones publishes her first novel, Corregidora, while a graduate student at Brown University. The novel explores the sexual victimization of women. Read more... Maya Angelou publishes a book of poetry, Oh Pray My Wings are Gonna Fit Me Well. The volume includes poems that confront issues of race and racism and which reflect her experiences abroad and in Africa. Read more... Robert Hayden publishes Angle of Ascent: New and Selected Poems. The same year he is named a fellow of the Academy of American Poets; the organization further recognizes his “distinguished poetic achievement” with a $10,000 prize. Read more... The science-fiction writer Samuel R. Delany publishes Dhalgren, which establishes him as a major American author. One of the most important writers of the genre, he is noted for his explorations of sexuality, as well as for his use of metaphor, myth, and wordplay. Read more... The Texas congresswoman Barbara Jordan is the first African American to deliver the keynote address at the Democratic National Convention. Read more... Pauli Murray is the first African American woman priest ordained in the Episcopal Church. Read more... The civil rights leader Jesse Jackson publicly condemns the NCAA for the lack of black basketball coaches. Read more... President Gerald Ford presents the Medal of Freedom to Jesse Owens for his “inspirational life” and for his contributions to the ideals of freedom and democracy. Read more... Arthur Ashe wins the world tennis championship. Read more... Mary Frances Berry becomes chancellor of the University of Colorado at Boulder, the first African American woman to head a major research university. Read more... Maxine Waters is elected to the California State Assembly. Read more... The congregation of President-elect Jimmy Carter's Baptist church in Plains, Georgia, votes to drop its ban on attendance by African Americans. Read more... The St. Louis Cardinals second baseman Joe Morgan is voted the National League Most Valuable Player for the second year in a row. Read more... Muhammad Ali retains the heavyweight title in a New York City championship fight that has, at the time, the largest gate in history, $3.5 million, surpassing the 1927 record of $2.6 million for the Tunney-Dempsey fight. Read more... Yvonne Braithwaite Burke, representative from California, becomes the first woman to chair the Congressional Black Caucus. Read more... Annual sales for companies on the BE 100 list falls compared to the previous year to $623.9 million. Pro-Line Corporation and H. F. Henderson Industries debut on the BE 100 list. Read more... The heavyweight boxer Leon Spinks wins the gold medal at the Olympics; his brother Michael Spinks wins gold in the middleweight class. Sugar Ray Leonard wins gold in the light welterweight class. Anita De Franz becomes the first black to win an Olympic medal in rowing. Lloyd Keaser wins silver in freesylte wrestling. In track and field, no African Americans win medals in any sprints, but blacks nevertheless win 10 gold, 8 silver, and 3 bronze medals. Read more... Residents of Soweto and other black townships begin violent protests against apartheid. Read more... President-elect Carter appoints Andrew Young as chief delegate to the United Nations and Patricia Roberts Harris as secretary of housing and urban development; more than sixty African Americans receive executive and administrative positions in the Carter White House. Read more... The National Alliance of Black Feminists is formed. Read more... Clara Stanton Jones is the first African American to be president of the American Library Association. Read more... Ntozake Shange's for colored girls who have considered suicide/when the rainbow is enuf appears on Broadway. Read more... African Americans own forty-one insurance companies. There are 1,800 insurance companies in the country. The New Jersey Supreme Court unanimously overturns the murder conviction of the boxer Rubin “Hurricane” Carter. William (Bill) Lucas becomes director of player personnel for the Atlanta Braves. This makes him the first black in a top executive position in major league baseball. Black voters play a significant role in Jimmy Carter's victory over the Republican Gerald Ford in the presidential election; Cater receives about 94 percent of the African American vote. Chancellery court in Mississippi orders the NAACP to pay the sum of $1,250,058 to twelve Port Gibson merchants as compensation for the financial hardships inflicted on the merchants during the successful boycott of white businesses in 1966. Alex Haley publishes his autobiographical novel Roots, which traces his family history for seven generations. More than 1.6 million copies of the work are sold within the first six months of its publication and it is translated into 22 languages, becoming a cultural phenomenon. In 1977 Haley will receive a special Pulitzer Prize citation for work, as well as a National Book Award. Later, the book will be made into an enormously successful television miniseries. Read more... Gayl Jones publishes her second novel, Eva's Man. Like her previous novel, a principal theme is the sexual abuse of women and their lack of control over their own bodies. Read more... Maya Angelou publishes the autobiographical Singin' and Swingin' and Gettin' Merry Like Christmas, the story of her failed marriage to a Greek sailor. Read more... Toni Morrison's novel Song of Solomon becomes a Book-of-the-Month Club selection, the first by a black author since Richard Wright's Native Son (1940). Read more... Roy Wilkins, a forty-two-year veteran of the NAACP, announces his retirement during the organization's sixty-eighth annual convention. Read more... President Carter appoints Eleanor Holmes Norton to chair the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission; Mary Frances Berry becomes the assistant secretary for education in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Read more... Patricia Roberts Harris becomes the first black woman in the U.S. cabinet, when she is appointed secretary of housing and urban development (HUD) by President Jimmy Carter. Read more... The Cincinnati Reds outfielder George Foster is named National League Most Valuable Player. Read more... Eddie Murray, the Baltimore Orioles designated hitter, is named the American League Rookie of the Year; Andre Dawson, the Montreal Expos outfielder is the National League Rookie of the Year. It is the first time that African Americans win the award in both leagues in the same year. Read more... Charles “Tarzan” Cooper, who spent his career playing for all-black teams, is elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame. Elgin Baylor is also elected; he is the second black NBA player in Hall of Fame. Read more... African American businesses listed on the BE 100 earn $787.4 million; they employ 11,897 people. Read more... The black Latino Rod Carew, who is the Minnesota Twins first baseman, wins the American League Most Valuable Player award. Read more... In the World Series the New York Yankees outfielder Reggie Jackson hits four home runs in a row, over two games, including three home runs in one game. The manager of the losing Los Angeles Dodgers, Tommy Lasorda calls Jackson's three home runs in one game “the greatest performance I've ever seen in a world series.” Jackson is named World Series Most Valuable Player for the second time. Read more... Lusia Harris is the first African American woman to be drafted by a National Basketball Association (NBA) team, but she declines offers from the New Orleans Jazz and the Milwaukee Bucks. Read more... The Women's Basketball League is organized. Read more... Azie Taylor Morton becomes the first and only black person to serve as U.S. Treasurer. Read more... Joan Scott Wallace is named assistant secretary of agriculture, becoming the first African American to hold this post since it was created by Abraham Lincoln in 1862. Read more... Alex Haley receives the National Book Award and a special Pulitzer Prize citation for Roots, the part-fact, part-fiction epic that traces his maternal lineage back to an enslaved West African ancestor; the book is later turned into a successful television miniseries. Read more... Consolidated Edison grants its first million-dollar contract to an African American company. Kenwood Commercial Furniture is contracted to install carpet in all of the utility company's New York City and Westchester County offices. Sulton-Campbell and Associates build the first hotel in Washington, D.C., designed and constructed by blacks, the Harambee House. People's Involvement Corporation, a local civic group, owns the hotel and will later sell it to Howard University. The E. G. Bowman Company, founded by Ernesta Procope, is the first African American commercial insurance brokerage firm on Wall Street. Jewel Prestage, the first African American woman to receive a PhD in political science in the United States, becomes a member of the Judicial Council of the national Democratic Party. Jewell Jackson McCabe becomes president of the Coalition of 100 Black Women and launches a national movement in 1981. President Carter appoints Carolyn Robertson Payton to the position of Peace Corps director. She is the first woman, the first black, and the first psychologist to serve in this capacity. In cutting off Medicaid funds for abortions, the Hyde Amendment effectively denies minority women their right to terminate a pregnancy. Gayl Jones publishes White Rat, a collection of short stories dealing with power, coercion, and sexual relationships. Read more... Mildred Taylor wins the Newberry Medal for her children’s book Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry. Read more... Toni Cade Bambara publishes Sea-Birds are Still Alive, a collection of short stories influenced by her foreign travel, and stressing that people must come together and organize—a theme that becomes increasingly important in her work. Read more... Muhammad Ali defeats Leon Spinks to regain the heavyweight boxing championship, becoming the first boxer to win the title three times. Ali is thirty-six at the time, eleven years older than Spinks. Read more... When appointed brigadier general in the U.S. Army Nurse Corps, Hazel Johnson-Brown becomes the first black woman general in the history of the U.S. military, she is also appointed chief of the Army Nurse Corps, the first African American to hold that position. Read more... Rosa Parks is awarded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's Spingarn Medal. Read more... President Jimmy Carter gives the aging Olympic star Jesse Owens a Living Legends Award. Read more... Dorothy E. Brunson becomes the first African American woman to own a radio station when she purchases WEBB in Baltimore. By 1990, she will own three more radio stations and WGTV, a television station in Philadelphia. Read more... The Sugar Hill Gang issues the first commercially successful rap single. Read more... In an attempt to eliminate “manifest racial imbalance” in traditionally white jobs, the Supreme Court rules that companies can use quotas to aid minorities in employment. Read more... Don Baylor, the California Angels designated hitter, wins the American League Most Valuable Player. Read more... Willie Stargell, the Pittsburgh Pirates first baseman, is named the National League Most Valuable Player and is also voted the World Series Most Valuable Player. Read more... Wilt Chamberlain, the only player to score 100 points in a single game, is elected to Basketball Hall of Fame. Also inducted is John McLendon, who compiled a record of 523 wins and 165 losses while coaching teams at various black colleges and universities, historically white colleges, and three integrated professional teams. Read more... African American businesses listed on the BE 100 surpass the billion dollar mark, with revenues of $1.053 billion for the year. Read more... Congressional Black Caucus and delegates from eleven southern states set up an “action alert communications network” to exert pressure on white congressional representatives from predominantly black districts to vote with the caucus on issues of concern to black and minority citizens. Read more... The golfer Lee Elder plays on the U.S. Ryder Cup team. Read more... Patricia Roberts Harris becomes Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. Read more... The Ford Foundation appoints Franklin Thomas president and CEO. He is the first African American appointed to the highest ranking position within a major charity. Read more... Andrew Young resigns as chief U.S. delegate to the United Nations after being publicly criticized for holding unauthorized talks with the Palestine Liberation Organization; his resignation sets off a storm of controversy. Read more... The Association of Black Women Historians is founded. Read more... The National Archives for Black Women's History and the Mary McLeod Bethune Memorial Museum open in Washington, D.C. Read more... Number of African American women earning doctorates in mathematics, science, and engineering exceeds that of black men for the first time, setting a trend that continues to the present. Read more... Jenny Patrick is the first black woman in the U.S. to earn a PhD in chemical engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Read more... Barbara Chase-Riboud’s Sally Hemings wins the Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize for the best novel by an American woman. The work is a historical romance based on the relationship between the U.S. president Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings, one of his slaves. Read more... A Small Business Administration study reports that 20 percent of federal aid recipients listed as minority-owned are actually fronts for white-owned businesses whose owners believed they would receive preferential treatment as a minority business. The first African American railway, the Kent-Barry-Eaton Connection Railway Company, begins service between Grand Rapids and Vermontville, Michigan. By a vote of 408 to 1, the U.S. House of Representatives decides to place a bust of Martin Luther King Jr. in the Capitol, the first time a work of art honoring an African American has been placed in the building. Study conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau indicates that although African Americans have made advances in employment, income, political power, and other measures of social well being, they are still far behind white Americans. Lance Jeffers publishes Grandsire, a collection of poems inspired by his grandfather, reflecting Jeffers' strong interest in recognizing and reclaiming African heritage. Read more... Lucille Clifton is named poet laureate of Maryland. Read more... Robert Maynor becomes the first black editor-publisher of a daily newspaper whose readership is predominantly white. He changes the paper’s name from the Oakland Tribune-East Bay Today to the Oakland Tribune. Zimbabwe becomes independent. Read more... Vernon Jordan, the executive director of the National Urban League, is shot in the back; a suspect is tried and acquitted on the charge of violating Jordan's civil rights, not attempted murder. Read more... President Jimmy Carter appoints Judge Norma Holloway Johnson to the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. She is the first African American woman appointed to a federal court in the District of Columbia. Read more... With $15,000 Robert Johnson founds Black Entertainment Television (BET), the first and only black-owned cable television network. Read more... The Congressional Black Caucus criticizes President Carter's 1981 budget for reducing the funding for social programs, pronouncing the budget proposal “an unmitigated disaster for the poor, the unemployed, and minorities.” Read more... Schools in Saint Louis, Missouri, are integrated peacefully after eight years of struggle; government officials in Cincinnati, Ohio, agree to hire and promote more blacks and women within the police department. Read more... Oscar Robertson, the "Big O,” is elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame. Read more... The Schomberg Center for Research in Black Culture opens a $3.8-million building in Harlem. Read more... Toni Cade Bambara receives the American Book Award for Salt Eaters. Read more... African American oil companies like Grimes Oil in Boston benefit from increased oil prices; the company reports sales of $30 million. In the first leveraged buyout of an African American company, Raymond V. Haysbert Sr. buys out Parks Sausage Company's white investors. The National Museum of American History asks Wally “Famous” Amos, who created a $250-million cookie business, to donate his trademark Panama hat to its American Collection. It is the first time a national museum has made such a request of an African American businessperson. Of all black women in the labor force, 6.5 percent are employed in domestic service, 24.3 percent are in other service work, 32.4 percent are in clerical and sales positions, and 14.8 percent are in professional positions. With Harris v. McRae, the U.S. Supreme Court upholds the cutoff of Medicaid funds for abortion. Black population of the United States is 26,495,025, or 11.7 percent of the total population. There are 14,071,000 women. The U.S. Department of Labor announces that black unemployment is at 14 percent. Despite widespread protest from civil rights groups, Ronald Reagan is elected president. J.B. Stoner, a white supremacist, is convicted for the 1958 bombing of a black church in Birmingham, Alabama. Lucille Clifton is nominated for a Pulitzer Prize for her book of poetry Two-Headed Woman. Read more... Rita Dove publishes Yellow House on the Corner, her first book of poetry with a major press. Read more... Rube Foster, a Negro League player, owner, and entrepreneur, is elected to the Baseball Hall of FameRead more... Lena Horne's The Lady and Her Music opens on Broadway and becomes the longest-running one-woman show in Broadway history; the show wins several awards, including a Tony, Drama Desk Award, and Drama Critics Circle citation. Read more... Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) first gains national media attention; initially regarded as a disease affecting gay white men, it soon becomes clear that scores of African Americans are also at risk for the disease. Read more... African American companies on the BE 100 report revenues of $1.53 billion for the year. Read more... Vernon Jordan resigns as executive director of the National Urban League to join a law firm in Washington, D.C. Read more... The Reagan administration fails to prevent a third extension of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. Read more... Zina Garrison, at age seventeen, is the first black player to win the junior singles tennis championship at Wimbledon (England). Read more... The African American lawyer Arnetta R. Hubbard is the first woman to become president of the National Bar Association. Read more... Albert Johnson opens the first black-owned Saab dealership. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) launches “Operation Fair Share,” a program aimed at promoting entrepreneurship among African Americans, increasing job opportunities at white-owned companies, and ensuring that African American businesses are awarded a fair share of government contracts. Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press, co-founded by the feminist critic Barbara Smith, begins publishing in New York. The press will publish works by Smith and the poet Audre Lorde, among others. Charlie Sampson becomes the first black bullrider to qualify for the national rodeo finals. He will do so for the next four years. The Labor Department proposes revisions to Executive Order 11246 (which prohibits employment discrimination by federal contractors) aimed at weakening affirmative action requirements for small contractors. William Bradford Reynolds, an assistant attorney general in the civil rights division of the Justice Department, announces a plan to seek a Supreme Court ruling that would find it unconstitutional to give minorities and women preferential treatment in hiring and promotion. David Bradley publishes his second novel, Chaneysville Incident, based on the true story of thirteen runaway slaves who chose to die rather than be recaptured. The novel is awarded the PEN/Faulkner Prize and becomes an alternative selection for the Book-of-the-Month Club. Read more... Gayl Jones publishes Song for Anninho, a prose poem about a romance between two escaped slaves in seventeenth-century Brazil. Read more... Mari Evans publishes Nightstar 1973–1978, a collection of poems that progresses from the personal to the political. Read more... Toni Morrison publishes the novel Tar Baby. It is an instant commercial success, appearing on the New York Times best-seller list less than a month after publication. Read more... The Washington Post reporter Janet Cooke wins the Pulitzer Prize for “Jimmy’s World,” her profile of an eight-year-old drug addict. Three days later, the prize is withdrawn when Cooke admits the story was fabricated. Read more... Pamela Johnson becomes publisher of the Ithaca Journal. She is the first black woman publisher of a periodical since Julia Ringwood Coston (1891). Read more... Harold Washington is sworn in as the first African American mayor of Chicago. Read more... NBA stars Willis Reed and Hal Greer are elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame. Also elected is Clarence E. “Big House” Gaines, the second winningest coach in college basketball during his career at Winston-Salem State University. Read more... The top African American businesses on the BE 100 bring in $1.9 billion in revenues for the year. Motown remains number one on the list, with $91.7 million in revenue. “Miscellaneous retail businessess” comprise the largest segment of African American businesses, numbering 53,981 firms and gross revenues of $993 million. Read more... A fight to block a toxic waste dump in Warren County, North Carolina, launches a nationwide movement against environmental racism. Read more... The University of Georgia running back Herschel Walker wins the Heisman Trophy. He is the seventh college junior to win this award. Read more... The Justice Department proposes that the city of Chicago be allowed to integrate its schools according to a plan that relies on voluntary student transfers rather than mandatory busing. Read more... The Combahee River Collective issues “A Black Feminist Statement.” Read more... The first national conference on black women's health issues is sponsored by the National Black Women's Health Project under the direction of Byllye Y. Avery. Read more... All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave, a pioneering collection of essays in black women's studies, is edited by Gloria T. Hull, Patricia Bell-Scott, and Barbara Smith. Read more... Kathleen Collins is the first African American woman to direct a feature-length film, Losing Ground, which she also wrote. Read more... Alice Walker publishes Color Purple, which wins the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award in 1983 and is made into a movie in 1985. Read more... There are 3,448 African American car dealerships and service stations. They make $1.3 billion in annual revenues. Mildred Glenn is elected president at the only black-owned bank in Pennsylvania, New World National Bank; she is the first African American woman bank president in the state. Corporations make up only 1.8 percent of African American businesses; sole proprietorships make up more than 95 percent. The bullrider Charlie Sampson becomes the first black to win the Winton Rodeo Series and the world championship in a rodeo event. Gloria Naylor publishes her first novel, Women of Brewster Place, a representation of the multiple perspectives of black women. The book will win the National Book Award the following year. Read more... Ntozake Shange publishes the novel Sassafras, Cypress, and Indigo, the story of three sisters. Read more... Robert E. Hayden publishes an expanded version of his 1977 book American Journal while he is dying of cancer. Read more... Sporting News names the North Carolina basketball player Michael Jordan the college player of the year. Read more... Darryl Strawberry, the New York Mets outfielder, is named National League Rookie of the Year. Read more... Majority of members of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights charge that the Reagan administration's Justice Department has been moving in the direction of ending affirmative action; the president's attempt to reconfigure the commission is thwarted when Mary Frances Berry and Blandina Cardenas Ramirez, both members of the commission, bring suit. Read more... African American businesses on the BE 100 list pass the $2 billion mark in total revenues for the year, but only three companies had earned more than $100 million: Motown at $104.3 million; H. J. Russell Construction at $103.85 million; and Johnson Publishing at $102.65 million. Read more... Business administration accounts for 25 percent of all American college undergraduates, including whites and African Americans. Read more... Kitchen Table Press publishes Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology, edited by Barbara Smith. The work is a pioneering collection of writings by black feminist and lesbian activists. Read more... Benjamin Hooks, executive director of the NAACP, is suspended indefinitely by the organization's chairman, Margaret Bush Wilson, who accuses Hooks of mismanagement, although the charges are never proved; a majority of the members supp
7734	dbpedia	2	74	https://www.cooperhewitt.org/education/design-competition-judges/	en	Meet the Judges	https://www.cooperhewitt…1/Artboard-1.png	https://www.cooperhewitt…1/Artboard-1.png	[ "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1586287898094979&ev=PageView&noscript=1", "https://www.cooperhewitt.org/wp-content/themes/cooperhewitt/assets/images/cooper-hewitt-logo.svg", "https://www.cooperhewitt.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Artboard-1.png", "https://www.cooperhewitt.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/KatherineDarnstadt_Headshot-low_crop.jpg", "https://www.cooperhewitt.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/IMG_6416_C_crop.jpg", "https://www.cooperhewitt.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Sam-Kass-Headshot-High-Res_crop.jpg", "https://www.cooperhewitt.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Jason_FC_crop.png", "https://www.cooperhewitt.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Mbeauty-eve-smokey-eyes-108-d111728_crop.jpg", "https://www.cooperhewitt.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Todd-Waterbury_crop.jpg", "https://www.cooperhewitt.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Alice_Waters_Amanda_Marsalis_crop.jpg", "https://www.cooperhewitt.org/wp-content/themes/cooperhewitt/assets/images/socialicon-white-facebook.svg", "https://www.cooperhewitt.org/wp-content/themes/cooperhewitt/assets/images/socialicon-white-instagram.svg", "https://www.cooperhewitt.org/wp-content/themes/cooperhewitt/assets/images/socialicon-white-twitter.svg", "https://www.cooperhewitt.org/wp-content/themes/cooperhewitt/assets/images/socialicon-white-youtube.svg", "https://www.cooperhewitt.org/wp-content/themes/cooperhewitt/assets/images/cooper-hewitt-logo-horizontal.svg", "https://www.cooperhewitt.org/wp-content/themes/cooperhewitt/assets/images/cooper-hewitt-logo-horizontal.svg", "https://logs1.smithsonian.museum/dcsdhx9bjadzpxzjy6fg4rgpx_7m6q/njs.gif?dcsuri=/nojavascript&WT.js=No&WT.tv=9.4.0&dcssip=www.cooperhewitt.org" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2017-01-31T20:30:52-05:00	MEET THE 2017 JUDGES A diverse panel of creative experts met with the finalists in New York City to review and discuss their designs. The judges deliberated to select the winner, who was announced on June 4, 2017!	en	https://www.cooperhewitt.org/wp-content/themes/cooperhewitt/favicon.ico	Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum	https://www.cooperhewitt.org/education/design-competition-judges/	Katherine Darnstadt is the founder and principal architect of Latent Design, a progressive architecture, urbanism, and interiors firm leveraging civic innovation and social impact to design more equitable spaces and systems. Since founding her practice in 2010, Katherine and her firm have been published, exhibited, and featured widely, most notably at the International Venice Architecture Biennale, Core 77 Design Awards, Architizer A+ Awards, Chicago Ideas Week, NPR, American Institute of Architects Young Architects Honor Award winner, and Crain’s Chicago 40 Under 40. She currently teaches at Northwestern University. Siggi Hilmarsson moved to the US from Iceland to attend Columbia Business School. Adjusting to the American diet, he found American yogurt excessively sweet, so he started making his own in his New York City apartment based on Icelandic traditions and using less sugar. A year later he started selling his yogurts at an outdoor farmers market in downtown Manhattan. Today, siggi’s yogurt is available in 25,000 outlets around the US including major grocers such as Target, Whole Foods, Wegmans and Kroger. In 2016 Starbucks launched siggi’s yogurt into 7,000 of their stores nationwide. Siggi’s passion for healthy eating and decreasing sugar in our diets has gotten him recognized by Food & Wine Magazine’s 40 Under 40, Goldman Sachs 100 Most Intriguing Entrepreneurs and Paper Magazine’s cheeky Beautiful People issue. Sam Kass is a food entrepreneur and former White House Chef and Senior Policy Advisor for Nutrition. He is the founder of TROVE and a partner in Acre Venture Partners. During his White House tenure, Sam took on several additional roles including Executive Director of First Lady Michelle Obama’s “Let’s Move!” campaign and Senior White House Policy Advisor for Nutrition. Sam is the first person in the history of the White House to have a position in the Executive Office of the President and the Residence. In 2011, Fast Company named Sam to their list of 100 Most Creative People, and in 2012, Sam helped create the American Chef Corps, which is dedicated to promoting diplomacy through culinary initiatives. Jason Mayden is a designer and entrepreneur-in-residence at Accel Partners, assisting with the development of Accel’s brand position among the global community of entrepreneurs while working with portfolio companies on deepening and extending their knowledge and ability to create cultures of curiosity. He is also CEO and founder of Super Heroic, a business focused on providing quality play-performance footwear, apparel, and technology for elementary school aged children. During his 13+ year career at Nike, he served as Senior Global Design Director and Global Director of Innovation for Nike Digital Sport, Jason led and contributed to the creation of innovative sport performance products for athletes and cultural icons such as Carmelo Anthony, Chris Paul, Russell Westbrook, Derek Jeter, and Michael Jordan. Jason is a d.Fellow and Media Design Lecturer at the Stanford Hasso Plattner School of Design; a lecturer at Stanford’s Graduate School of Business, where he holds a Master’s in General Management and Social Innovation; a regular columnist for Hypebeast Magazine and hypebeast.com; an advisory board member to his alma mater the College for Creative Studies; and an advisor of Slyce, a company created by Bryant Barr and Stephen Curry. Martha Stewart is an Emmy Award-winning television show host, entrepreneur, bestselling author of 88 books, and America’s most trusted lifestyle expert and teacher. Millions of people rely on Martha Stewart for “how-to” information on all aspects of everyday living—cooking, entertaining, gardening, home renovating, collecting, organizing, crafting, holidays, healthy living, and pets. The Martha Stewart brand reaches over 100 million consumers across all media and merchandising platforms each month. A pioneer in bringing high-quality products to mass market, Martha’s branded products can now be found in over 70 million households and thousands of retail locations. Martha developed a passion for cooking, gardening, and homekeeping at an early age, and went on to earn a bachelor’s degree in history and architectural history at Barnard College. She then became a stockbroker on Wall Street, where she gained her early business training. Martha has been awarded numerous honors and distinctions from the worlds of business, education, media, culinary arts, animal welfare, and retail, including being named one of the “50 Most Powerful Women” by Fortune magazine 5 times; inclusion in TIME magazine’s annual “TIME 100” list in 2005; 18 Daytime Emmy Awards; and 5 James Beard Foundation Awards. Todd Waterbury is Target’s Chief Creative Officer. In his role, Todd establishes the creative direction of Target’s marketing efforts, leading an internal team of art directors, designers, developers, writers and producers, as well as its external agency and design partners, who, together, craft creative content for the Target brand. Todd has extensive experience in creating strategic, highly integrated marketing and design work for a broad roster of clients. He joined Target in January 2013 from the consulting company he established, during which time he worked with national and international clients including Uniqlo and Twitter. Prior to that, Todd served as co-executive creative director at Wieden+Kennedy New York, an agency where he oversaw campaigns for brands ranging from Nike to Delta Airlines. Todd’s work has received numerous design and advertising awards, and is included in the permanent collections of the Guggenheim and the Museum of Modern Art. Todd is also proud to serve on the board of Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum. Alice Waters is a chef, author, food activist, and the founder and owner of Chez Panisse Restaurant in Berkeley, California. She has been a champion of local sustainable agriculture for over four decades. In 1995 she founded the Edible Schoolyard Project, which advocates for a free school lunch for all children and a sustainable food curriculum in every public school. She has been Vice President of Slow Food International since 2002. She conceived and helped create the Yale Sustainable Food Project in 2003, and the Rome Sustainable Food Project at the American Academy in Rome in 2007. Her honors include election as a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2007; the Harvard Medical School’s Global Environmental Citizen Award, which she shared with Kofi Annan in 2008; and her induction into the French Legion of Honor in 2010. In 2015 she was awarded the National Humanities Medal by President Obama, proving that eating is a political act, and that the table is a powerful means to social justice and positive change. Alice is the author of fifteen books, including New York Times bestsellers The Art of Simple Food I & II, and The Edible Schoolyard: A Universal Idea.
7734	dbpedia	1	21	https://www.washingtoninformer.com/kofi-annan-former-un-secretary-general-dies-at-80/	en	Kofi Annan, Former UN Secretary-General, Dies at 80	https://i0.wp.com/www.wa…=500%2C333&ssl=1	https://i0.wp.com/www.wa…=500%2C333&ssl=1	[ "https://i0.wp.com/www.washingtoninformer.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/1-Logo-Red-on-White.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1", "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f5a639f23f3c00432b50b2da905906d2?s=80&d=mm&r=g", "https://i0.wp.com/www.washingtoninformer.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/9B8F254C-D7C5-4F63-902B-55DEE7FB9549.jpeg?fit=500%2C333&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.washingtoninformer.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Informer_logo_new3.png?resize=250%2C93&ssl=1", "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f5a639f23f3c00432b50b2da905906d2?s=80&d=mm&r=g", "https://i0.wp.com/www.washingtoninformer.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/8-15-2024-Informer-Edition-1.jpg?fit=780%2C886&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.washingtoninformer.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/2024-Back-To-School-Supplement-1.jpg?fit=1650%2C1875&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.washingtoninformer.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/washington-informer-charities.jpg?fit=780%2C551&ssl=1", "https://i0.wp.com/www.washingtoninformer.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/1-Logo-Red-on-White.png?fit=1024%2C1024&ssl=1" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Sarafina Wright –Washington Informer Staff" ]	2018-08-18T14:45:27+00:00	Former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, the first Black African to serve in the role, died Saturday in Switzerland after battling a brief illness. He was 80.	en	https://www.washingtonin…e-Icon-32x32.png	The Washington Informer	https://www.washingtoninformer.com/kofi-annan-former-un-secretary-general-dies-at-80/	Former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, the first Black African to serve in the role, died Saturday in Switzerland after battling a brief illness. He was 80. As the head of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006, Annan left an indelible impression receiving the co-award for the Nobel Peace Prize alongside the U.N. in 2001. Born on April 8, 1938, in Kumasi, Ghana, known then as the Gold Coast, Annan’s family held regal positions in the Kofandros section of the country with both of his grandfathers holding chief titles in the Ashanti and Fante tribe. In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. In 1961 he came to the United States to attend Macalester College in St. Paul, Minn. According to his biography, he went on to study international relations at the Graduate Institute Geneva and management at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In 1962, he began work at the United Nations in Geneva. Throughout his career he held several roles at the U.N. headquarters, including serving as the third-highest ranking official as under-secretary-general for peacekeeping between 1992 and 1996. In 1996, Annan was appointed secretary-general by the UN’s Security Council, making him the first officeholder to be elected from the U.N.’s staff and the first Black African to do so. Annan went on to serve two terms, focusing on HIV/AIDS and corruption. He also launched the U.N. Global Compact, an initiative to encourage businesses worldwide to adopt sustainable and socially responsible policies, and to report on their implementation. In 2007, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation in Switzerland, which works to promote better global governance and strengthen the capacities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more peaceful world. In 2012, Annan with Nader Mousavizadeh wrote a memoir, “Interventions: A Life in War and Peace,” which has been described as a “personal biography of global statecraft.” He is survived by wife Nane and their children Ama, Kojo and Nina.
7734	dbpedia	1	60	https://www.projectclue.com/history-and-international-relations/project-topics-materials-for-undergraduate-students/the-united-nations-under-kofi-annan-1992-%2525E2%252580%252593-2006	en	Page Not Found	https://www.projectclue.…icon/favicon.png	https://www.projectclue.…icon/favicon.png	[ "https://www.projectclue.com/images/logo_pproject-topics-materials-nigeria1.webp", "https://www.projectclue.com/images/whatsapp.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "Undergraduate Project Topics", "economics project topics", "education project topics" ]	null	[ "ProjectClue Web Team" ]	null	Largest Undergraduate Projects Repository, Research Works and Materials. Download Undergraduate Projects Topics and Materials Accounting, Economics, Education	en	https://www.projectclue.…icon/favicon.png		null	404 Page Not Found. The page you are looking for does not exist
7734	dbpedia	1	37	https://journal.culanth.org/index.php/ca/article/view/ca29.2.10/303	en	View of Ironies of Laboratory Work during Ghana's Second Age of Optimism	https://journal.culanth.…avicon_en_US.png	https://journal.culanth.…avicon_en_US.png	[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en	https://journal.culanth.…avicon_en_US.png		null
7734	dbpedia	2	58	https://www.nellis.af.mil/News/Article/2536568/air-force-leader-reflects-on-his-time-at-mit/	en	Air Force leader reflects on his time at MIT	https://media.defense.go…F-F3456-2005.JPG	https://media.defense.go…F-F3456-2005.JPG	[ "https://www.nellis.af.mil/Portals/104/ICE.png?ver=maIcF2ovH_f6CT0cLrihdQ%3d%3d", "https://www.nellis.af.mil/Portals/_default/Skins/AirForce3/Assets/images/af-logo-seal.png", "https://www.nellis.af.mil/portals/104/Images/2300817-F-AQ084-1001 (2).jpg?ver=cpsBwgIs9TLqDvgSnPYNmQ%3d%3d", "https://media.defense.gov/2021/Mar/14/2002600300/2000/2000/0/210314-F-F3456-2005.JPG", "https://media.defense.gov/2021/Mar/14/2002600299/2000/2000/0/210314-F-F3456-2001.JPG", "https://media.defense.gov/2021/Mar/14/2002600301/2000/2000/0/210314-F-F3456-2003.JPG", "https://media.defense.gov/2021/Mar/14/2002600305/2000/2000/0/210314-F-F3456-2002.JPG", "https://www.nellis.af.mil/desktopmodules/articlecs/Assets/airforce/images/af-logo-seal.png", "https://media.defense.gov/2024/Aug/22/2003531023/300/300/0/240805-F-KO637-4101.JPG", "https://media.defense.gov/2024/Aug/22/2003531004/300/300/0/240802-F-OA359-1057.JPG", "https://media.defense.gov/2024/Aug/22/2003530992/300/300/0/240731-F-CQ040-2041.JPG", "https://media.defense.gov/2024/Aug/21/2003530397/300/300/0/240718-F-KO637-1052.JPG", "https://www.nellis.af.mil/Portals/104/ICE.png?ver=maIcF2ovH_f6CT0cLrihdQ%3d%3d" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2021-03-14T00:00:00	Uprooting from Dayton, Ohio to spend a year as a student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology or MIT, was an experience of a life-time for John Bailey, an engineer and deputy director of the	en	/Portals/104/ACC_favicon.ico?ver=KPI2AS7UcR_W9exUUbb91A%3d%3d	Nellis Air Force Base	https://www.nellis.af.mil/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aflcmc.af.mil%2FNEWS%2FArticle-Display%2FArticle%2F2536568%2Fair-force-leader-reflects-on-his-time-at-mit%2F	WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, Ohio – Uprooting from Dayton, Ohio to spend a year as a student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology or MIT, was an experience of a life-time for John Bailey, an engineer and deputy director of the Agile Development Office within the Fighters and Advanced Aircraft Directorate. Nominated by the U.S. Air Force in 2019, Bailey was one of 103 individuals ultimately selected for the prestigious and highly competitive MIT Sloan Fellows MBA Program, class of 2020. The origins of the fellowship program go back more than 80 years to Alfred P. Sloan an automotive and management pioneer and legendary president of General Motors. In the 1920s Sloan had a problem. His high performing mid-level engineers at GM were not turning into good managers and leaders. Reaching out to his alma mater, MIT, Sloan helped established a program for talented engineers to develop the business and leadership skills needed to become successful company executives. Today, the fellowship draws not only engineers but successful individuals from a variety of professions and industries from all over the world and count many distinguished alumni including former United Nations Secretary-General and Nobel Peace Prize recipient Kofi Annan. During a recent interview, Bailey reflected on his time at MIT and the impact on his career. Q: Tell me about your experience in the MIT Sloan Fellows MBA Program? Bailey: It was an amazing experience. I had a lot of flexibility and was able to design a curriculum for the year. During my time in the program, I focused on enterprise leadership, artificial intelligence, and innovation. Some of the classes I took were strategic organizational design, strategic communication, and all of the core business classes; financial management, corporate finance, accounting, and micro-economics. I also had a couple of special focus areas, with analytics and artificial intelligence, and was able to write codes and scripts for deep learning algorithms and look at different business applications for them. One of my favorite projects was writing an optimization algorithm for figuring out where to place different warehouses and retail stores for a shoe company that was looking to expand in a new region. Another focus area was entrepreneurship. That ended up being a lot of fun. Having the opportunity to create your own business and building a business strategy, business plan and speaking to potential investors and getting them to buy in or not on your idea and tell you what’s working or not working. It was just a fun class and really helped demystify what it would be like to start a business. Q: What did class assignments look like? Bailey: Just about everything was group work, and they [MIT] really prioritized collaboration in diverse teams. I remember my first week, one of the professors said that great creativity comes out of conflict and collaboration and that one of the key skills he wanted everyone to leave with was the ability to construct and resolve conflict with people from different backgrounds, experiences, perspectives, providing their unique insight to what the solution should be. So every setting was a team setting and every setting was with someone from a different background. I would say that of all the things about the program that I love, this was perhaps the most unique and special. Q: How has your experience at MIT helped you in your current job? Bailey: I currently work in the Agile Development Office, which is pioneering digital acquisition and how the Air Force can modernize the way we buy aircraft. Having the opportunity to take a year and detach from my role with the Air Force, and reflect on how I worked then and what my leadership values are, has made me more open minded towards new ideas, and new ways of doing business. I also learned a lot about artificial intelligence and data analytics. As we studied the state of the world, the state of business, the trajectory that all of this is moving, it gave me convictions that we [Air Force] need to digitize. The Air Force has to modernize and move towards software defined capabilities to become a leader in analytics and artificial intelligence, because that’s what will accelerate decision making. So much of winning wars comes down to the speed of making decisions. Q: How was the move or transition from Dayton to Massachusetts? Bailey: The kids [four girls], wife and I had some trepidation leaving our home here in Dayton, but there was also a lot of excitement. Of course it was a big transition for the kids. My oldest daughter was in eighth grade, and switching junior high schools was a big challenge. But they [kids] got to experience much more diversity in their classes and curriculum that will make them better, more open minded people. They flourished socially and academically, and I’m very proud of how well they did. A big part of our year was the transition to remote learning. That was significant part of our experience. We basically went from an experience that was very outdoors, that was surrounded by lots of people, experiencing new things, new locations, to being locked into our rental house in a place very far from our home. That required a lot of adaptation for us, like everyone. But overall, we had a positive experience. Q: What’s next for you? Bailey: I started working my current job back in June of 2020, three days after graduating from the MIT Program. I’ve been working on some challenging and new programs for the Air Force, including Next-Generation Air Dominance and Skyborg. I know I want to keep serving, and I’m passionate about our mission, modernizing Air Force systems and the way we do business. Right now, I’m in a spot where I’m using every bit of what I learned both in my previous jobs and year at MIT.
7734	dbpedia	3	43	https://www.booksforafrica.org/news/2018-kofi-annan-reception.html	en	Kofi Annan Delivers Keynote Speech at Books For Africa Reception	https://www.booksforafri…png?v=Nmmj760G50	https://www.booksforafri…png?v=Nmmj760G50	[ "https://dc.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=188337&fmt=gif", "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=132514434220833&ev=PageView&noscript=1", "https://www.booksforafrica.org/news/assets/images/design/bfa-logo-2017.png", "https://farm2.staticflickr.com/1752/42433653191_f8912e6415_z.jpg", "https://www.booksforafrica.org/news/assets/images/photos/success_stories_photos/annan1.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "kofi", "annan", "literacy", "africa", "books", "charity", "non-profit", "law", "democracy" ]	null	[]	null	Kofi Annan and Walter Mondale highlight Books For Africa Law and Democracy event		https://www.booksforafri…png?v=Nmmj760G50	Books For Africa	https://www.booksforafrica.org/news/2018-kofi-annan-reception.html	Books For Africa was thrilled to host a reception honoring former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan on May 7th, 2018. Over one hundred key supporters gathered at the University Club of St. Paul for the reception, which was held in recognition of the 30th anniversary of Books For Africa and the 10th anniversary of our law book program, the Jack Mason Law & Democracy Initiative. Mr. Annan spoke and answered questions for over half an hour, primarily on the topics of literacy and of rule of law. On education, he said in part: "Numerous studies have shown that no development tool is more effective than education and literacy. When people are able to access education they can break free from the cycle of poverty. This is why the on-going education and literacy crisis in Africa is such a serious concern. Over the past 30 years Books For Africa has made tremendous progress in helping to extend this right, and I urge you to redouble your efforts in the decades ahead." On the topic of rule of law, his remarks included this: The rule of law is fundamental for a healthy democracy, good governance and a prosperous society. No society can long remain prosperous without the rule of law and respect for human rights. I am therefore particularly pleased that, ten years ago, Books For Africa launched the Jack Mason Law & Democracy Initiative to further the rule of law across Africa. So let me thank Books For Africa and Thomson Reuters for establishing such a unique and successful program". Former Vice President Walter Mondale, co-chair of the Law & Democracy Initiative with Mr. Annan, attended and was also honored. Sharon Sayles Belton, Vice President for Government Affairs and Community Relations for Thomson Reuters, also spoke as did BFA Board President Jote Taddese, former Board President Rosemond Sarpong Owens, and BFA founder Tom Warth. Following the event, Mr. Annan wrote to thank BFA for 30 years of working to end the book famine in Africa. In his letter addressed to Founder Tom Warth, Executive Director Patrick Plonski, and Lane Ayres, Director of the Law & Democracy Initiative, Mr. Annan wrote “you are to be congratulated for the valuable work you have done over the last thirty years, and I am sure you will continue to make a much needed difference in the years to come.” See a copy of Mr. Annan's letter here.
7734	dbpedia	2	5	https://themacweekly.com/74597/news/annan-lived-colleges-mission-leaves-towering-legacy/	en	Annan lived college’s mission, leaves towering legacy	https://themacweekly.com…ic-relations.jpg	https://themacweekly.com…ic-relations.jpg	[ "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/macweekly.png", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/macweekly.png", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/macweekly.png", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Screen-Shot-2024-04-25-at-8.58.38-PM-600x404.png", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/n8oVVv2H_400x400-1-300x300.jpg", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/n8oVVv2H_400x400-1-300x300.jpg", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/IMG_1192-e1714155603928-600x550.jpg", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/n8oVVv2H_400x400-1-300x300.jpg", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/n8oVVv2H_400x400-1-300x300.jpg", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/DSC_8346-600x401.jpg", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/n8oVVv2H_400x400-1.jpg", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Screen-Shot-2020-11-19-at-8.35.24-PM-300x199.png", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/w1500_49181292_fp-300x128.jpg", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Screen-Shot-2022-11-10-at-3.40.00-PM-300x345.png", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Comfort-Shows-300x400.jpg", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/kofi-annan-communications-and-public-relations-1024x683.jpg", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/IMG_1192-e1714155603928-1200x1100.jpg", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/n8oVVv2H_400x400-1.jpg", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Screen-Shot-2024-04-25-at-7.32.56-PM.png", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Screen-Shot-2024-04-25-at-7.14.48-PM.png", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/n8oVVv2H_400x400-1.jpg", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/n8oVVv2H_400x400.jpg", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/n8oVVv2H_400x400-1.jpg", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/beet-mcsg.jpg", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/beet-mcsg.jpg", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/n8oVVv2H_400x400-1.jpg", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/20230927_mac_1343-1-900x1200.jpg", "https://themacweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/n8oVVv2H_400x400-1.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "The Mac Weekly", "Abe Asher" ]	2018-09-14T04:04:55+00:00	Kofi Annan ‘61 in coversation with President Brian Rosenberg at the Leonard Center in May. Annan died in August, leaving a towering legacy at his alma mater. Photo courtesy of Macalester Communications and Marketing. [/caption] On August 18, just over three months after he appeared for the final time on this campus for the renaming...	en	/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Screen-Shot-2019-09-12-at-3.32.30-PM.png	The Mac Weekly	https://themacweekly.com/74597/news/annan-lived-colleges-mission-leaves-towering-legacy/	Kofi Annan ‘61 in coversation with President Brian Rosenberg at the Leonard Center in May. Annan died in August, leaving a towering legacy at his alma mater. Photo courtesy of Macalester Communications and Marketing. [/caption] On August 18, just over three months after he appeared for the final time on this campus for the renaming of the Institute of Global Citizenship (IGC) in his honor, Kofi Annan ’61, Macalester’s most famous son, died in Switzerland. He was 80 years old. Perhaps more than any other figure, the former Secretary-General of the United Nations (U.N.) and world-renowned diplomat best embodied the college’s mission and ambition: to unrelentingly pursue the causes of peace and justice, with courage and grace, on the global stage. In some ways for Macalester, he was a northern star. Beyond any collection of words, the college could simply point to Annan and say: this is who we are. Born in what is now Ghana, Annan arrived as a student in St. Paul with the benefit of a Ford Foundation grant in the fall of 1959 – nine years after then-college president Charles Turck first raised the United Nations flag beneath the U.S. flag on campus. It was a time of important growth for Macalester, which, against the backdrop of the Cold War, was recommitting itself to the liberal arts and continuing to establish itself as a proponent of internationalism amongst American colleges. Annan fit in well. Studying economics and working with the likes of Theodore Mitau and J. Huntley Dupre he was taken both with the intellectual rigor of the college and the diversity of the people he found. In addition to playing soccer for Yahya Armajani, Annan ran track and was an avid ping-pong player – regularly competing in and placing at tournaments held across campus. One of the biggest adjustments he made in transitioning to life at Macalester had to do with the weather. According to a 2008 college publication, Annan reportedly found earmuffs unattractive and refused to wear them during his first winter at the college – but quickly changed course. “Never walk into an environment,” he later said, “and assume that you understand it better than the people who live there.” In August of 1960, after completing his first year at the college, Annan and three other international students drove with a professor and his wife some 50,000 miles across the United States as part of a DeWitt Wallace-backed program called “Ambassadors for Friendship.” When he returned to campus in the fall, Annan continued to flourish. His final year at Macalester would see him become a state champion orator at what is now St. Catherine University, and go on to represent Minnesota at a regional oratorical contest at Northwestern University. In addition to his speaking and athletic endeavors, Annan served as president of the college’s young Cosmopolitan Club, promoting friendship between U.S. and international students, and worked as a staff member of The Mac Weekly before graduating in May of 1961. The very next year, Annan took his first job with the United Nations as a budget officer for the World Health Organization in Geneva. Though he earned a Master’s degree in management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology a decade later, he never worked anywhere else. Over the next three decades, as Annan worked his way up to become Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping at the UN, he had little contact with his alma mater. Then, suddenly, with a phone call to then-Macalester president Robert Gavin from another of the college’s most notable figures, that changed. “I think it was in the fall of ’93, I got a call from Fritz Mondale – who had just been named US ambassador to Japan,” Gavin said. “And Fritz said that they had just had a reception for him in New York, and a man came up to him and told him he was a Macalester graduate.” Furthermore, Mondale said, he’d learned that this man was “‘an important person at the UN – in fact, he’s in charge of peacekeeping operations. His name is Kofi Annan, do you know him?’” Gavin did not. But, soon after, he gave Annan’s office a call. “In a couple of seconds he came on the phone,” Gavin said. “We introduced ourselves to each other, and I said I’d really like to get together with you at some time. I [told him] I was going to be in New York in a few days on business, and he said, ‘why don’t we have lunch?’” The two met several days later in the U.N. lunchroom, and it became immediately clear to Gavin that he was dealing with a person who was held in very high regard by those who knew him. “It was obvious in walking over to the table with him that not only did he know everybody, but he had dealings with everyone,” Gavin said. “Every table we walked by, people were saying ‘Hello, Kofi,’ [and] ‘I look forward to working with you on this.’ “So I said to Kofi, ‘we’d really like to get you involved with the college. I know you’ve got a lot [going on], but if there’s anything you’re willing to do, we’d love to have you do it.’” Shortly thereafter, Gavin came back with a concrete proposal: to add Annan to the college’s Board of Trustees. “He asked how many meetings per year,” Gavin said, “and how many days per meeting, and then said ‘definitely, I’ll do it.’ “That was ’93,” Gavin continued. “I left in ’96. In those three years, he made every trustee meeting but one. That one he called me ahead of time, and said there had a been a flare up and he just had to go to the Balkans to handle some things. And he apologized. Then he sent a letter to the Board Chair apologizing for missing the meeting. That’s how committed he was.” It was a commitment that he expressed often. Annan’s tenure on the board coincided with the college’s hiring of professor Ahmed Samatar as its Dean of International Studies and Programming and Chair of the international studies department, and the two men talked often when Annan visited. “[He was] quite passionate about the education he had gotten here, and the impact that Macalester College had on his life,” Samatar said. “And grateful to the college for that. And [he] always wanted to bring honor to the college. “He would repeat that every time I had a conversation with him,” Samatar continued, “and when I talked to him about the students there would be a gleam in his eyes.” Annan interacted with those students often when he had the chance. In 1994, he spoke outside of the Weyerhaeuser Memorial Chapel about how he came to Macalester “thirty years before the end of Apartheid, a decade before the Civil Rights movement – and found a celebration of diversity.” On New Year’s Day, 1997, Annan became the seventh Secretary-General of the UN. He left the board of trustees at that point, but continued to return to Macalester – receiving an honorary degree and speaking at commencement in 1998 – and to keep up with one of its signature events. “Kofi would get the [International Roundtable] publications,” Samatar said, “and he would send me notes: ‘this is fantastic, this is magnificent, this is splendid work’ – always he would send a note when he received the Roundtable publication.” In 2001, for his work in revitalizing the UN around a steadfast commitment to human rights, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Macalester bought advertising space in The New York Times and on both National and Minnesota Public Radio to congratulate him. Around this time, there was talk of the college opening an institute committed to civic and international engagement. When Macalester appointed a new president in 2003, the project got a significant boost. “Brian Rosenberg was adamant that we should raise the funds, build the place, and get going with this,” Samatar said. That’s what the college did. The IGC opened, with Samatar serving as its inaugural dean, in 2005. “In that time, [Kofi] was always asking about how it was going, and [was] quite attached to the institute because he thought, as President Rosenberg also thought, and I thought, that the institute sooner or later will become the crystallization of Macalester’s global identity,” Samatar said. From the beginning, Rosenberg and Samatar talked about when the time would come to name the IGC for Annan. As it happened, that time finally arrived in May. “I met him when he was here, and I think he was overjoyed and humbled by the recognition of his own college,” Samatar said. “That his name now belongs to the ages.” On that visit, in which the former ping-pong devotee signed a pair of paddles that will soon be displayed in the Leonard Center, it was in private moments, just as much as it was in public ones, that Annan made an impression on those who spent time with him. “What was really striking to me was that he interacted with every person in an incredibly human, individual way,” current Dean of the IGC Donna Maeda said. “He greeted staff people, security people – everybody was someone [who] he wanted to talk to.” During those days, Annan appeared healthy and vigorous. His illness this summer was short, and his death relatively sudden. At convocation a week ago Thursday, Rosenberg called him “the most impressive and wisest person I’ve ever met,” and his death “a deep, deep loss.” “Macalester people may be surprised to learn that Macalester is not the best known college in the world,” Gavin said. “But it is known around the world, because of Kofi. “His commitment to peace, his commitment to international understanding, his commitment to people, his willingness to serve – these are all things that represent the highest ideals of Macalester,” he continued. Samatar agreed. “It’s the culture of the place,” he said. “There’s a particular kind of Macalester that shows whether [students] are from a small town in Oregon or whether they are from a small town in India, or Nigeria, or Sweden. And he typified that.” For his part, Annan said his experience at Macalester was “fundamental” to what he became later in life. For a college, there must be no greater compliment. “To live is to choose,” Annan said. “But to choose well, you must know who you are and what you stand for, where you want to go – and why you want to get there.”
7734	dbpedia	3	34	https://www.twincities.com/2018/05/07/former-un-secretary-general-and-macalester-grad-kofi-annan-talks-politics-books-in-st-paul/	en	Former UN secretary-general Kofi Annan talked politics, books in St. Paul in May	https://www.twincities.c…jpg?w=1024&h=576	https://www.twincities.c…jpg?w=1024&h=576	[ "https://www.twincities.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/TwinCitiesPioneerPress_HighRes.jpg", "https://www.twincities.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/kofi-annan1.jpg?w=620", "https://www.twincities.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/NickWoltman.jpg?w=85", "https://www.twincities.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/FBI_Child_Sexual_Abuse_84114.jpg?w=519", "https://www.twincities.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Delta-Air-Lines-Explosion_30240.jpg?w=564", "https://www.twincities.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/TCFallback.jpg", "https://www.twincities.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Election_2024_DNC_67558.jpg?w=523", "https://www.twincities.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/US-NEWS-MED-WALZ-SON-GET.jpg?w=508", "https://www.twincities.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Federal_Reserve_Powell_80826.jpg?w=525", "https://www.twincities.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/TwinCitiesPioneerPress_HighRes.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Nick Woltman" ]	2018-05-07T00:00:00	Decrying a recent trend toward authoritarianism in western politics, Kofi Annan urged mainstream politicians "to stop thinking of the next election and think of the next generation."	en	https://www.twincities.c…te-copy.jpg?w=32	Twin Cities	https://www.twincities.com/2018/05/07/former-un-secretary-general-and-macalester-grad-kofi-annan-talks-politics-books-in-st-paul/	To place an obituary, please include the information from the obituary checklist below in an email to obits@pioneerpress.com. There is no option to place them through our website. Feel free to contact our obituary desk at 651-228-5263 with any questions. General Information: Your full name, Address (City, State, Zip Code), Phone number, And an alternate phone number (if any) Obituary Specification: Name of Deceased, Obituary Text, A photo in a JPEG or PDF file is preferable, TIF and other files are accepted, we will contact you if there are any issues with the photo. Ad Run dates There is a discount for running more than one day, but this must be scheduled on the first run date to apply. If a photo is used, it must be used for both days for the discount to apply, contact us for more information. Policies: Verification of Death: In order to publish obituaries a name and phone number of funeral home/cremation society is required. We must contact the funeral home/cremation society handling the arrangements during their business hours to verify the death. 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Cash: Accepted at our FRONT COUNTER Monday – Friday from 8:00AM – 3:30PM Rates: The minimum charge is $162 for the first 10 lines. Every line after the first 10 is $12.20. If the ad is under 10 lines it will be charged the minimum rate of $162. On a second run date, the lines are $8.20 per line, starting w/ the first line. For example: if first run date was 20 lines the cost would be $164. Each photo published is $125 per day. For example: 2 photos in the paper on 2 days would be 4 photo charges at $500. Deadlines: Please follow deadline times to ensure your obituary is published on the day requested. Hours Deadline (no exceptions) Ad Photos MEMORIAM (NON-OBITUARY) REQUEST Unlike an obituary, Memoriam submissions are remembrances of a loved one who has passed. The rates for a memoriam differ from obituaries. Please call or email us for more memoriam information Please call 651-228-5280 for more information. HOURS: Monday – Friday 8:00AM – 5:00PM (CLOSED WEEKENDS and HOLIDAYS) Please submit your memoriam ad to memoriams@pioneerpress.com or call 651-228-5280. Decrying a recent trend toward authoritarianism in western politics, Kofi Annan on May 7 urged mainstream politicians “to stop thinking of the next election and think of the next generation.” The former secretary-general of the United Nations was the keynote speaker at a reception celebrating the 30th anniversary of Books for Africa, a St. Paul-based nonprofit that collects and ships books to that continent. Annan attended the event at the University Club with his wife, Nane Annan, and former vice president Walter Mondale. “People will tell you that democracy is receding and we are seeing autocrats come into power all over,” Annan said. “I would hope that the pendulum will swing back — swing back to the sensible middle.” Annan said economic inequality — such as after the 2008 financial crisis — left many people susceptible to easy promises from strongman leaders, but he added that he hopes this will be a passing phase. “I would also urge mainstream politicians to have a bit of courage,” he said. “I would urge them to stop thinking of the next election and think of the next generation.” In prepared remarks, Annan also stressed the importance of literacy and education in promoting global stability, praising the progress made by Books for Africa, which ships more books to the continent than any other organization. “An educated literate population makes a remarkable impact on national health, development and growth, particularly if successful efforts are made to close the gender gap in … the education of girls,” Annan said. A 1961 graduate of Macalester College, Annan was also in town for the dedication of the Kofi Annan Institute for Global Citizenship at his alma mater earlier in the day. “It all started here,” he told the crowd at an unveiling ceremony. “It started here in 1959 when I came as a student. Macalester was an exciting place … The lessons I picked up here stayed with me throughout my career and my life.” At both events, Annan said he finds hope in young people, citing the high school students who took to the streets in March to protest for changes in gun laws. “I have believed for a long time, and I’ve repeated it time and again, that you’re never too young to lead,” he said at the University Club. Originally Published: May 7, 2018 at 10:00 p.m.
7734	dbpedia	0	36	https://opinion.premiumtimesng.com/2015/05/13/lincoln-o-lincoln-our-guiding-star-by-toyin-falola/	en				[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2015-05-13T00:00:00					null
7734	dbpedia	3	0	https://www.snappywords.com/crossword-solver/kofi-annan-alma-mater	en	ᐅ KOFI ANNAN ALMA MATER crossword clue 3 letters	https://www.snappywords.…-16-8037678c.png	https://www.snappywords.…-16-8037678c.png	[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	KOFI ANNAN ALMA MATER crossword puzzle solution 3 letters - 1 answers available in the Puzzle Help for the crossword puzzle question/clue KOFI ANNAN ALMA MATER	en	https://www.snappywords.…-16-8037678c.png		https://www.snappywords.com/crossword-solver/kofi-annan-alma-mater
7734	dbpedia	3	75	https://wenr.wes.org/2003/01/wenr-januaryfebruary-2003-africa	en	WENR, January/February 2003: Africa	https://wenr.wes.org/wp-…c-options-v1.png	https://wenr.wes.org/wp-…c-options-v1.png	[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Michelle Pollock" ]	2003-01-01T08:02:17+00:00	Regional International Donors Set 7 Nations on Education Fast-Track Representatives of the international donor community agreed recently in Brussels to help seven developing countries in Africa and Latin America make their education plans a reality. Work is now proceeding to build the required capacity and...	en	https://wenr.wes.org/wp-…go/logo-icon.png	WENR	https://wenr.wes.org/2003/01/wenr-januaryfebruary-2003-africa	Regional International Donors Set 7 Nations on Education Fast-Track Representatives of the international donor community agreed recently in Brussels to help seven developing countries in Africa and Latin America make their education plans a reality. Work is now proceeding to build the required capacity and to close a finance gap, estimated at US$400 million over the next three years. The agreement under the Education For All Fast Track Initiative is designed to ensure that developing countries reach the United Nation’s Millennium Development Goal: to provide every girl and boy with a complete primary school education by 2015. The seven countries — Burkina Faso, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Mauritania, Nicaragua and Niger — are the first group of developing countries to benefit from the initiative, launched in June 2002. A further five high-population countries — India, Pakistan, DR Congo, Nigeria and Bangladesh — were also invited to carry out additional policy work so they can join the initiative in the future. — This Day (Lagos) Dec. 2, 2002 Angola Construction Begins on University Expansion Construction for the first stage of the Luanda campus of Agostinho Neto University started recently just south of the capital in the district of Kilamba Kiaxi. The first stage will see the construction of four departments: chemistry, physics, mathematics and information technology. Construction of a central library will also be included in this first stage. Construction of the first stage is expected to be completed by the end of 2004. The new campus will increase the state-run university’s student body from 8,000 to 17,000. The whole project should be finished in five years and will ultimately include nine new departments, the construction of a 350-bed hospital, a secondary school, a geology museum and accommodation for up to 5,100 students. — Angola Press Agency (Luanda) Jan. 21, 2003 Ghana Kofi Annan University to be Established The United Nations Association of Ghana is to establish a university in the Greater Accra Region to be named after Ghana’s favorite son, U.N. Secretary-General Dr. Kofi Annan. The university will follow Annan’s example by training students in conflict resolution and peace-keeping operations, among other programs. — Ghanaian Chronicle Jan. 16, 2003 Kenya New President Pledges Free Primary Education for All The Kenya National Union of Teachers has pledged to support newly elected President Mwai Kibaki. Kibaki won a landslide victory on a platform promising free primary-school education for all and improved human rights. Sworn in Dec. 30, he promised to rebuild a country brought to its knees by decades of corrupt rule by Daniel arap Moi. The National Union of Teachers, Kenya’s largest teacher’s union, offered to support and assist the government’s policy of free education on the understanding that Kibaki remains true to his campaign promises, elects a new and competent national staff and implements a promised 1997 pay increase that the previous administration had stalled for years. The union secretary-general, Francis Nganga, stressed that “political sycophants should no longer be made to head such a crucial ministry.” George Saitoti has been appointed the new minister of education. He said recently that parents would have to pay for school uniforms, but the government would handle other expenses, including textbooks. He warned that school officials would face unspecified sanctions should any students be turned away. The start of the new academic term Jan. 7 saw the fulfillment of Kibaki’s promise as students returning from vacation to the country’s 17,000 primary schools found that fees had indeed been abolished. But students also found overflowing classrooms in some parts of the country as many parents who could previously not afford school tuition took advantage of the new laws. Enrollment at public schools in the last year of Moi’s rule was 85 percent, down from 95 percent in 1990; levies had excluded an estimated 3 million children from school. Conservative estimates put the cost of implementing free primary school education at Sh5 billion (US$65 million). Kibaki’s government is confident it will be able to meet the costs, saying the previous government was so corrupt and inefficient that by simply running Kenya honestly, sufficient funds would be available. The government has already released Sh519 million to be shared among primary schools nationwide. Furthermore, UNICEF has pledged US$2.5 million to programs promoting female child education and rehabilitation of street children. The United Nations and the Kenyan government have also signed an agreement under the U.N. Development Assistance Framework to enhance collaboration and cooperation of various funds, to be implemented from 2004-2008. — East Africa Standard January 2003 articles Nigeria Applications Flood Open University for First Term Approximately 1.3 million prospective students have applied to National Open University for its first academic year, which begins the first quarter of 2003. The university is a federal government program aimed at providing equal and adequate educational opportunities for all Nigerians. According to President Olusegun Obasanjo, the institution will only offer courses deemed most relevant to national development. The university plans to use the Virtual Library Project, established in February 2002 by several of the country’s universities, to combat the problem of limited and outdated books. Courses will be offered in information technology and computer science, agricultural science, business administration and management studies, engineering and building studies, education, science and technology, health sciences and legal studies, as well as vocational and continuing education studies. — Business Day Nov. 12, 2002 1,000 Students Accused of Degree Forgery Authorities have discovered that about 1,000 final-year students at the University of Port Harcourt gained admission to the institution with fake West African Examination Council, certificates. Some staff at the institution are said to be at the center of the racket. The fake certificates — mostly West African School Certificates and General Certificates of Education — were uncovered after the council made available the master list of exam results from the 1997-98 academic year. — Newswatch Dec. 15, 2002 Pankshin College of Education Re-Opens The Pankshin College of Education, shut down for four months after violent student demonstrations, reopened to normal academic activities Nov. 27. — This Day (Lagos) Dec. 3, 2002 Unions Bring Universities to Standstill There seems to be no end to the strike of the Academic Staff Union of Universities, now in its third month of protest. The university teachers are insisting they will not go back to work until the federal government implements the agreement it entered into on June 30, 2001. The country’s tertiary institutions received another blow at the end of January, when the Senior Staff Association of Nigerian Universities, a union representing nonacademic staff, joined the strike, which it described as “total and indefinite” until all outstanding entitlements are paid. Despite government attempts to force university employees back to work, no progress has been made. The academic calendar will likely be pushed even further back, and students longing for a return to the classroom will have to wait until the unions and the government can come to an agreement. Currently, there seems to be no guarantee that this will happen soon. — Newswatch Feb. 28, 2003 Private University Welcomes First Intake of Students Covenant University opened its doors to its first 1,404 students in February. The university, based in Ota, Ogun state, with a satellite campus in Lagos, was issued an operating license from the Nigerian Universities Commission in February 2002. The three colleges that make up the university – College of Business and Social Sciences, College of Human Development and College of Science and Technology – are offering 20 programs in six departments. — Daily Trust Feb. 4, 2003 South Africa Mandela’s Alma Mater Gets New Lease of Life The University of Fort Hare, where Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo and Chris Hani studied, was under threat of extinction barely two years ago. In 2000, the South African government responded to falling enrollments by threatening the disappearance of Fort Hare as an independent institution. But a working party committee recommended a merger with Rhodes University, a former liberal white university. Now, in a remarkable change of fortunes, Fort Hare is moving from remote Alice in one of South Africa’s poorest provinces to East London, where it will take over the Rhodes East London campus. It is hoped the university will help regenerate East London, a major seaport and industrial city. Concentrating mainly on the arts, with some science and in particular, agriculture, Fort Hare, like many formerly black universities, suffered a decline in student enrollment, to just 2,500. That number has risen dramatically to 7,200. The institution’s urban-centric programs, much better suited to a big-city setting, such as its MBA and other commercial programs will be moving from Alice to East London. — The Times Higher Education Supplement Nov. 29, 2002 Medical Training to be Restructured As of 2005, medical students in South Africa will undergo a minimum of five years of medical training, followed by a two-year internship. The current curriculum provides six years of academic training and a one-year internship. The rationale behind the curriculum change is that the current system is too theoretical and interns do not gain all exit competencies for service delivery. — BuaNews Dec. 10, 2002 Merger Creates Durban Institute of Technology A merger of M. L. Sultan Technikon and Natal Technikon on April 1 created the Durban Institute for Technology. Setting a precedent, the institute is the first merged institution of higher education in South Africa. For a complete listing of proposed institutional mergers and closures, as laid out by the National Working Group in February 2002, please visit HERE. — Study South Africa New Grading, Exam Await Students Starting this year, ninth-graders can expect to take a new exam to attain the General Education and Training Certificate (GETC). The certificate marks the conclusion of the “general band” of school education and serves as an entry point into the “Further Education and Training” band, which students can either follow at school or at a further education and training college, which used to be called a technical college. It was due to be implemented countrywide last year, but was postponed for a year after some provinces said they were not ready yet. The GETC exchanges sit-down written exams for a mix of different tasks, group work and other exercises that are monitored and marked throughout the year. The “grade” pupils receive will no longer be dependent on an end-of-year exam, as in the past, but in their performance throughout the year, in addition to an exam set by a national committee. That grade will be between one and four, with four being the highest. The new exam will be conducted at the end of the school year, pending approval from the nine heads of provincial education in March. — Cape Argus (Cape Town) Jan. 28, 2003 Uganda Nkozi University Opens Kabale Branch Nkozi University has opened a branch campus in the Kabale district. The university offers distance-learning degree courses in primary education and a diploma in advanced educational management. The branch opened with 105 students and intends to offer more courses in the future. — The Monitor Dec. 23, 2002 Millennium Institute to Upgrade The Millennium Institute of Science and Information Technology is to become a university this year. It will be the first private university in Uganda to offer classes in computer science and information technology. — The Monitor Dec. 24, 2002 Zambia Lecturers Threaten Strike Academics at the University of Zambia are preparing to go on strike to improve pay and conditions. The protest, set for Feb. 17, could paralyze the university unless lecturers’ demands for a 100 percent pay increase, payment of a backlog of benefits and a package of basic perks are met. Lecturers claim they are the most poorly paid in southern Africa and state that it is no surprise that the university lost more than 300 staff between 1999 and 2001. Most left for the Zambian private sector, the United States, South Africa or Botswana, making the brain drain in Zambia a national concern. The University of Zambia is often beset by strikes owing to late payment of salaries and nonpayment of benefits, which typically extend the length of time students take to complete a degree from four years to six. — The Times of Zambia Nov. 29, 2002 Strike Goes Ahead University of Zambia lecturers went on strike Feb. 17 and remained on strike after inconclusive talks with the Government March 3. The university was officially closed March 8 and students were asked to go home until an agreement between the government and the union could be worked out. University of Zambia Lecturers and Researchers Union President Trywell Kalusopa said the strike would continue until all arrears are paid. — The Times of Zambia March 10, 2003 Zimbabwe Examinations Delayed A monthlong strike by lecturers postponed end-of-year examinations at the National University of Science and Technology until January. Examinations should have started Dec. 2. However, lecturers went on strike Oct. 30 and ended the protest Nov. 22. According to the teachers union, lecturers went back to work on condition that salary negotiations for 2003 continued. Union officials are confident of reaching an agreement with the government, as more and more qualified academics leave the country for better paying positions abroad, leaving the nation’s universities manned by part-time lecturers and expatriates. — The Daily News (Harare) Nov. 28, 2002 University Opening Delayed by Strike The University of Zimbabwe failed to open for the 2003 academic year when nearly 600 lecturers went on an indefinite strike Feb. 21. The teachers are demanding a 50 percent retention allowance on their basic salaries. Students, who were due to start their semester Feb. 24, have been loitering on campus, unsure whether they will be able to sit their already-delayed exams.
7734	dbpedia	0	20	https://anishaffar.org/2023/06/05/mfantsipim-mourns-two-favourite-sons/	en	Mfantsipim mourns two favourite sons	https://anishaffar.org/w…365214138979.jpg	https://anishaffar.org/w…365214138979.jpg	[ "https://anishaffar.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/cropped-education-matters-logo.png", "https://anishaffar.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/black-star-square.jpg", "https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/8333845b7c302b5944b30b6fa0c9e9c0732f527a12e5c9110d34668cc680b338?s=32&d=identicon&r=G", "https://anishaffar.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/squarequick_202365214138979.jpg?w=1024", "https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/8333845b7c302b5944b30b6fa0c9e9c0732f527a12e5c9110d34668cc680b338?s=125&d=identicon&r=G", "https://anishaffar.files.wordpress.com/2023/05/handbill-7.jpg?w=490", "https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/eb950594378f3cb700878f068f6d3d70a665caf2c4625fa01078e422dcb3a4df?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png", "https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/eb950594378f3cb700878f068f6d3d70a665caf2c4625fa01078e422dcb3a4df?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png", "https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Anis Haffar" ]	2023-06-05T00:00:00	Ambassador E.M. Debrah and Dr Joe Abbey Appropriate quotations tend to incite many people to persevere. For some Mfantsipim alumni - rather than flattering the vanity - the quote by Rev R.A Lockhart, ignites a sense of pride and purpose. [He served as the headmaster from 1926 to 1936.] During a particular speech day, he…	en	https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/eb950594378f3cb700878f068f6d3d70a665caf2c4625fa01078e422dcb3a4df?s=32		https://anishaffar.org/2023/06/05/mfantsipim-mourns-two-favourite-sons/	Ambassador E.M. Debrah and Dr Joe Abbey Appropriate quotations tend to incite many people to persevere. For some Mfantsipim alumni – rather than flattering the vanity – the quote by Rev R.A Lockhart, ignites a sense of pride and purpose. [He served as the headmaster from 1926 to 1936.] During a particular speech day, he prophesied that, “In a few years the people of this country (the Gold Coast) will be amazed at the number of its influential citizens who owe allegiance to this school.” For Rev Lockhart – the day Alex Quaison-Sackey (attired in a rich Kente cloth) sat in the United Nations dais in New York, in 1964, to preside over the General Assembly – his ghost must have nodded with knowing smiles. With the former school perfect’s spectacular presence in full glare, the African personality was at its peak. Mr Sackey was the first black African to hold that august position. For many in the Mfantsipim fraternity, the historical link as custodians of a noble inheritance is deeply appreciated. Passed on through a proud genealogy, we refer to our alma mater as “The School”. Another Lockhart protege, R.P. Baffour, was to become the first Ghanaian Vice-Chancellor of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST). Two other genial examples of the alumni included Ambassador E.M. Debrah (1928 – 2023) and Dr Joe Abbey (1940 – 2023). I first met Ambassador Debrah in 2013 at a function to celebrate the 100th birthday of our illustrious headmaster, Francis L. Bartels, at the College of Physicians and Surgeons. With the former secretary general of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, as the special guest, the event was organized by the F.L. Bartels Foundation chaired by Dr Andrew Arkutu (Moba 1955). Dr Joe Abbey happened to be a member of the foundation including the late Prof Kwame Gyekye and Bob Yaasi, Ebow Essandoh, Dr Sylvia Boye, Carlin Bartels, and yours truly. Dr Arkutu remembered young Abbey, his junior by two years, from Lockhart House. He described Abbey as an outstanding student: small in stature but with a large brain. He was recognised as destined for greater things by his sheer intellect. Dr Arkutu’s memories of Amb Debrah stretches as far as Namibia, Zimbabwe, and Papua New Guinea where the ambassador trained their diplomats after their independence. He demonstrated himself as a distinguished ambassador. And as a natural born diplomat, Amb Debrah was soft spoken with a demeanour particularly suited for the work he was born to do. It’s often said that truly successful people agree with sentiments that their career do not feel like work but rather something they love to do. That obsession seemed to fit the careers of both Ambassador Debrah and Dr Abbey as their brief profiles show: Ambassador Debrah Following his studies at the University College of the Gold Coast, E.M. Debrah joined the Gold Coast Information Services. He was with the first officers that formed the nucleus of the foreign cadets trained abroad to steer Ghana’s Foreign Missions after Ghana’s independence in 1957. After his studies at the London School of Economics, he served in the Ministry of Defence, and External Affairs. Debrah was posted to the Ghana Embassy in Monrovia, Liberia as its first Secretary. In 1959, he served in the Embassy of Ghana in Cairo. A year later, he was a Counselor at the Embassy of Ghana in Washington, D.C. He returned to Ghana to now serve as the Director in Charge of Asia and Middle East Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In 1965, Debrah was appointed Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Ethiopia, and later as Ghana’s ambassador to the United States of America. In December 1973, he was made Secretary to the National Redemption Council and to the Supreme Military Council in 1975. In 1977 Debrah was appointed Ghana’s High Commissioner to Australia and a year later, Ghana’s High Commissioner to the United Kingdom till 1980. Dr Joe Abbey After a bachelor’s degree from London School of Economics, young Abbey joined the Central Bureau of Statistics. Following his studies at the Iowa State University, Abbey joined the University of Ghana as a lecturer in economics, and later worked at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in New York as a research fellow. In Ghana in 1974, he was appointed by the then Supreme Military Council (SMC) government to serve in the Economic Planning Commission while doubling as a government statistician. Following the retirement of Robert K. A. Gardiner in May 1978, Abbey was appointed Commissioner for Economic Planning (now Finance and Economic Planning). He later became the chairman of the Premier Bank and an economic consultant for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA). In June 1983 he became the Executive Secretary of the Policy Monitoring and Implementation Committee, and acting Secretary for Trade in the Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC) government. On 6 March 1984, he was appointed Ghana’s High Commissioner to Canada and held that post until he was made Ghana’s High Commissioner to the United Kingdom. In 1990 he was appointed Ghana’s Ambassador to the United States of America. He served in this capacity until 1994. Ambassador E.M. Debrah and Dr Joe Abbey Email: anishaffar@gmail.com copyright© 2016-2023, anishaffar.org
7734	dbpedia	3	22	https://crossword-solver.io/clue/kofi-annan-s-alma-mater/	en	Kofi Annan's alma mater Crossword Clue	https://api.crossword-solver.io/v1/clue-image/Kofi%20Annan's%20alma%20mater	https://api.crossword-solver.io/v1/clue-image/Kofi%20Annan's%20alma%20mater	[ "https://crossword-solver.io/_app/immutable/assets/Logo-header-desktop.DDYUi1fL.svg", "https://api.crossword-solver.io/v1/clue-image/Kofi%20Annan's%20alma%20mater", "https://crossword-solver.io/_app/immutable/assets/Logo-desktop.bRoc59_S.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "CrosswordSolver IO" ]	null	Here is the answer for the crossword clue Kofi Annan's alma mater. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database.	en	../../favicon/apple-icon-57x57.png		https://crossword-solver.io/clue/kofi-annan-s-alma-mater/	Here is the answer for the crossword clue Kofi Annan's alma mater . We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 98% match which has a length of 3 letters. We think the likely answer to this clue is MIT. Crossword Answer For Kofi Annan's alma mater:
7734	dbpedia	0	77	https://fowler.ucla.edu/video/	en	Fowler Museum at UCLA	https://fowler.ucla.edu/…Banner-image.jpg	https://fowler.ucla.edu/…Banner-image.jpg	[ "https://fowler.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/ucla-fowler-primary-logo.svg", "https://fowler.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/ucla-fowler-primary-logo.svg", "https://fowler.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/ucla-fowler-primary-logo.svg", "https://fowler.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/ucla-fowler-primary-logo.svg", "https://fowler.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/ucla-fowler-primary-logo-mobile.svg", "https://huzzaz.com/images/hzload.gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "FM-admin" ]	2021-05-25T06:26:47-07:00	Search the archive below to try recipes shared by trailblazing chefs; accept challenges from thought leaders in the field of social justice; and experience visual and performing arts with contemporary artists, curators, and scholars who have remained resiliently creative in this time of safe distancing.	en	https://fowler.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Fowler-FavIcon.ico	Fowler Museum at UCLA	https://fowler.ucla.edu/video/	Search the archive by clicking the magnifying glass to the right of the PLAY button below. Search “global cuisine” to try recipes shared by trailblazing chefs; accept challenges from thought leaders in the field of social justice; and experience visual and performing arts with contemporary artists, curators, and scholars.
7734	dbpedia	2	81	http://www.worldgenweb.org/lkawgw/ajjoseph.html	en	Andrew James Joseph			[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null	In appreciation of his contribution to his country, the expatriate Sri Lankan community around the world and his alma-mater, St. Joseph's College, Colombo, a memorial service for Andrew James Joseph former Under-Secretary-General and Associate Administrator of UNDP New York USA, will be held on Friday May 31, 2002 at the Chapel of St. Joseph's College, Colombo at 6 p.m. It is organised by the Old Boy's Union of St. Joseph's College with the co-operation of friends of Andrew Joseph in the US. A condolence book will be available at the chapel for attendees to sign. Secretary General of the United Nations Kofi Annan in his message for the memorial service for Andrew James Joseph states: 'We meet today to remember and honour an international civil servant who could himself be called an institution. 'Andrew James Joseph - "AJJ", as many of us knew him - had a formative influence on the United Nations. As if that were not enough, he also changed the lives of those around him, and helped them see the future in a hopeful light. 'Andrew served the United Nations with devotion and distinction from 1958 until his retirement in 1990. Most of us - myself included - would come up short were we to try summarise, in one sitting, his myriad achievements and extraordinary traits as a leader. But one milestone comes easily to mind. In 1979, when many other international organisations left Afghanistan, he insisted on remaining in Kabul, thus demonstrating not only his courage, but also what many of his peers remember as his most extraordinary gift, his shrewd political foresight. 'Those of us who had the good fortune to work with Andrew also remember his great intellect, and a gentleman of integrity and honesty. These gifts were not limited to the workplace. I don't think Andrew would object if I were to stress that, in addition to this achievements as a civil servant, Andrew was also a family man par excellence. 'To Sue, Ravindra, Nilufer, Peter, Ann and Andrew's six grandchildren, the past few weeks will have been a time of great sadness. But it is my hope that this day will not pass without due recognition of Andrew's multi-sided legacy. Indeed, while we are gathered here on an occasion of mourning, we cannot but also feel a sense of admiration as we remember his life. Such is the passing of a truly great man that death conjures not only sorrow but a sense of pride among all those who had the benefit to share in his legacy. It is in this light that all of us can be proud - that we had the privilege to learn from such a talented leader, and that we could come to know, and be inspired by, an extraordinary human being. Administrator, United Nations Development Program, Mark Malloch Brown states: 'Andrew James Joseph, died on March 23, 2002 after a brief illness. He was 78 years. 'Andrew Joseph, or 'AJJ' as he was known to legions of staff in the Organisation who had served with him in his beloved Asia Bureau, joined the United Nations System in 1958, after a distinguished ten years in the Ceylon Civil Service (CCS), holding various senior positions in the Ministries of Finance, Health, and Food and Agriculture. In 1959 he was appointed to the World Health Organisation (WHO), and served both at WHO headquarters and in WHO's Regional Office in Alexandria, Egypt. 'Andrew Joseph joined the United Nations Technical Assistance Board, UNDP's precursor organisation, in 1963. 'In 1989, Administrator William H. Draper III appointed him as Under-Secretary-General and Associate Administrator of UNDP, where he served until his retirement the following year in 1990. Indefatigable and dedicated in his service to the UN system, Andrew Joseph accepted the request of the then Director-General of WHO to return to serve his old agency as Director of the WHO Office to the United Nations in New York in 1992, retiring for a second and final time in 1998.
7734	dbpedia	0	98	https://ekownelson.wordpress.com/category/ghana/	en	reimagining	https://s0.wp.com/i/blank.jpg	https://s0.wp.com/i/blank.jpg	[ "https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/twentyten/images/headers/concave.jpg", "https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/d08c87b11dac11be050776a797e3e831368d2214b281e75a65fff5c5d3c356d5?s=48&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/c13574fac6f0858e4b95f123f62d5b9e273fddb9be4afa9c9d9a30bc09f61721?s=48&d=identicon&r=G", "https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/32ad8c4e689dfc2d590e9dc3daa1f039ad20bd62896e289b67d0dc3cc9de18c6?s=48&d=identicon&r=G", "https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/82ef55fcad7a2f0ecff5c15bf28a8f97bbb3e43061cb2b10d5d1cf044736d748?s=48&d=identicon&r=G", "https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png", "https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png", "https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Posts about Ghana written by Ekow	en	https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico	reimagining	https://ekownelson.wordpress.com/category/ghana/	Ekow Nelson In July 1965, Fenner Brockway, the radical UK Labour Party politician, caused an uproar with an exposé in the UK Houses of Parliament that proved beyond reasonable doubt that the Ghanaian opposition and UK rightwing press were engaged … Continue reading → Constitutional democracy bequeathed us by Britain has failed. But we have nothing to replace it withEkow Nelson Across former European colonies particularly in Africa, constitutional democracy was introduced as the system of governance at the fag-end of colonial rule. Western … Continue reading → Ekow Nelson Sixty six years ago, Ghana became the first British colony in Africa to achieve independence. The clamour for independence intensified during the 1940s, particularly after the second world war and demobilisation when the colonial authorities shut down military … Continue reading → Fifty years on*, older and wiser Younger at heart, we return to these shores Visions of our boyhood float before us As we wonder what we were like at 11, 12 and 13 Growing pains through study and play Soon … Continue reading → John Mensah Sarbah, Gold Coast Statesman “nothing nobler was ever uttered from the heart of [this] patriot“ – Dr. JB Danquah A few years ago, Mr. Tsatsu Tsikata triggered a debate about Dr. J.B. Danquah’s legacy and profile when he … Continue reading → Nkrumah declaring independence at the Old Polo Grounds, Accra, 6th March 1957 Ekow Nelson Last week the President sought to put the obsessive debate raging over the placement of the apostrophe in ‘Founders Day’ to rest. And he did so, … Continue reading → Ekow Nelson July 2013 I am minded to correct some of the misrepresentations on the Cocoa Marketing Board (CMB) and the claims of opposition to it in the 1950s. First, the CMB was established in 1947, prior to Nkrumah’s long … Continue reading → Ekow Nelson August 2013 I’d like to elaborate a little more on my brief contribution to the creation of the Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana. This issue keeps coming up, and the CPP and Nkrumah are always accused, wrongly in my … Continue reading → Ekow Nelson, December 2012 “Perchance he for whom this bell tolls may be so ill as that he knows not it tolls for him. ” – John Donne, 1624. The recent 2012 elections in Ghana finally exposed the minority parties … Continue reading → Ekow Nelson July 2008, London In a report published on Ghanaweb on 14th July 2008 (“NPP has “poverty of vision” – CPP”, 14th July 2008)), Dr. Nii Moi Thompson is reported to have lamented about the state of our nation … Continue reading →
7734	dbpedia	3	59	https://www.americanambassadors.org/publications/ambassadors-review/fall-2000/the-united-nations-the-european-union-and-the-united-states	en	Council of American Ambassadors	https://www.americanamba…org/og-image.png	https://www.americanamba…org/og-image.png	[ "https://www.americanambassadors.org/assets/identity/header-black.png", "https://www.americanambassadors.org/assets/identity/footer-black.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en	https://www.americanambassadors.org/favicon.ico	Council of American Ambassadors	https://www.americanambassadors.org/publications/ambassadors-review/fall-2000/the-united-nations-the-european-union-and-the-united-states	The Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN), Kofi Annan, addressed the closing session of the Millennium Summit in New York on September 8th. He expressed appreciation to the 160 chiefs of state and heads of government for the Declaration they adopted defining the goals to be achieved in the next 15 years—by 2015. Their Declaration said that it is intolerable that millions of innocent people, especially women and children, should still fall victim to brutal conflict. It reaffirmed the vital importance of international law; it called for a comprehensive reform of the Security Council and for action and results to make the United Nations more effective. Kofi Annan then spoke these crucial words to the assembled member states, words which are basic to any hope or possibility of making the UN more relevant and effective: “...You are yourselves the United Nations. It lies in your power, and therefore it is your responsibility, to reach the goals you have defined. Only you can determine whether the United Nations rises to the challenge...” The Secretary-General has wisely welcomed and promoted growing links with international business and with non-governmental organizations that give hope of a constituency of support that the UN desperately needs. But it is the 189 member states that are in fact the United Nations; their governments must determine if the UN will be an important instrument of international governance. The great power and energy of the United States (US) is not available to lead this historic mission. We can regret that reality but we must confront it—and the results of the presidential elections in November will not change that reality. In this paper, I will discuss the future of the UN in the context of the United States and the European Union (EU). I will argue that America’s faltering and provocatively negative role in the UN can now be transformed into opportunity by the European Union—an opportunity to bring the economic and military power of the member states of the European Union together for a universal purpose and in so doing give form and substance to the new Europe—an opportunity for the European Union to offer the leadership that is desperately needed and that the United States cannot presently give. The strategic and diplomatic decisions are complicated. They need intense effort and commitment by the European Union to be formulated and executed. If the EU accepts the challenge and carries it out successfully, it will give the 21st century an incomparable prospect of peace, purpose, and historic progress in achieving social justice. Let me begin by discussing the American relationship to the United Nations. It is important to understand some fundamentals as to how our government works. The US is not a parliamentary democracy where the executive power is an extension of the legislative power. We are a constitutional republic, founded by men whom experience and learning had taught to be distrustful of power, especially the concentration of power. The result is a commitment to the concept of balance of power with three branches of government—the executive, legislative and judicial, given express and implied powers, which 210 years of experience as a nation have defined, enlarged, and distilled. It is a remarkable system and it works for our country, now the oldest constitutional democracy in the world. Protected and isolated by two oceans, America has lived its history free of the destructive violence of foreign enemies that has diminished and destroyed other nations. Now, for more than 50 years, America has been the dominant military, economic and political force in the world. It reluctantly accepted the responsibility of international leadership. It has certainly been as generous and benign as any predecessor nation in world history, which has had its opportunity of power and leadership. Self-interest, national interest, sometimes arrogant self-confidence have all been a part of its decisions affecting other nations, but it has responded greatly to the challenges to humanity and democracy in the 20th century. The relationship of the US to the UN since its founding has been creative, intense, often supportive, frequently insulting, sometimes disruptive, often undiplomatic, and increasingly destructive. The Americans who participated in the creation of the United Nations were tough, pragmatic politicians who, having witnessed the collapse of the League of Nations, were determined to avoid its weaknesses, yet build upon its ideals. The terrible cost to humanity—in life, in wealth, in spiritual values—of the Second World War and the advent of the nuclear age made age-old ideals of international governance into pragmatic necessities. The Holocaust showed us the depth of human evil. The Second World War cost more than 60 million lives, an overwhelming percentage of them innocent civilian lives. The great cities and countryside of Europe and Asia lay in the ashes of horrific destruction. The nuclear age provided the curtain to this awful episode of history. For the first time Mankind had a capacity to destroy itself and to make the world uninhabitable. The world was blessed to have an extraordinary generation of men and women of ideals and vision available to it. The United Nations was the last great achievement of the President whom most agree was the greatest American leader of the 20th century. Franklin Roosevelt understood the history of American isolationism and the powerful forces that would resist US participation in international organizations. He was determined to avoid the political mistakes of Woodrow Wilson, creating a universal organization which would bring all nations together but where the most powerful nations, designated as permanent members of the Security Council, had a special responsibility for collective security and the obligations of the UN Charter. The Charter was not done by decrees from heaven. It was carefully crafted, with national interests and attitudes often in conflict. There was endless negotiation of the various proposals even as the war continued. Idealism and cynicism confronted each other but in the end, an intelligent, pragmatic, imperfect agreement was negotiated. In the midst of hope and with the echo of every political argument that still has resonance today, the UN Charter was adopted. The founders understood that a civil society needs to be built on law and order—that civilization needs a policeman. Since no single nation—and certainly not the United States—wanted to be that policeman, the Security Council was organized to carry out an important part of that responsibility through collective action. The Charter became an instrument by which the principle of self-determination could be realized. It insisted on respect for human rights, and encouraged economic, social, cultural and humanitarian cooperation among all nations. And every nation was signatory to that Charter—51 in 1945, 189 today. The founders knew—and we know—the gross imperfections of the world but they knew—and we know—what had to be done to make it better. America made its commitment in 1945. President Harry Truman expressed it in his address to the delegates in San Francisco who adopted the Charter of the United Nations: “If we fail to use the Charter and the organization that we have created with it, we shall betray all of those who have died in order that we might meet here in freedom and in safety to create it. If we seek to use it selfishly for the advantage of one nation or small group of nations, we shall be equally guilty of that betrayal, but what a great day in history this can be. This Charter is no more perfect than our own constitution, but like the constitution it must be made to live. The powerful nations must accept the responsibility for leadership toward a world of peace.” Sitting at President Truman’s right hand was Arthur Vandenberg, the most powerful Republican member of the Senate of the United States. This was not the commitment of a party or of a person. This was a commitment of a nation, proposed by its President and ratified by the Senate in the solemn manner ordained by our Constitution. Only two members of the Senate voted in opposition. The United States understood that it had to lead in organizing the community of nations if the United Nations was to succeed. The depth and continuance of that commitment is a decision that each generation must make anew. Is the United Nations an instrument of international governance that serves American interests? Germany’s interests? Europe’s interests? The interests of the Atlantic community? Not to mention the countries separated from us by ideology and poverty and systemic failure? The question presupposes that we know what those interests are. Let us frame the question in terms of the countries of the Atlantic Alliance both individually and collectively. Is the international control of nuclear proliferation in our interest? Were their interests served by de-colonization, a process that has taken place for the most part peacefully because the United Nations served as the bridge that old Empires could cross so that new nations would emerge? Is it in their interest to advance the Rule of Law, to encourage respect for human rights, to ameliorate humanitarian crises so that the millions of refugees wandering the earth, devastated by famine and despair, have at least the option of surviving and resettling in their own countries and regions? And what does UN peacekeeping and peacemaking mean to their interests? Let us consider only some of the interventions since the fall of the Berlin Wall. Consider Cambodia, where in the 1970s the world witnessed the killing fields where two million innocent people were murdered and did nothing to stop the slaughter. Because of United Nations intervention, because of the end of the Cold War, because of the leadership of Australia and Japan, because of the support of the European Union and the United States, the violence has ended in Cambodia and there is hope for democracy. A United Nations force did not liberate South Africa, but its condemnation of Apartheid and its sanctions helped force the release of Nelson Mandela, a transforming event in the history of South Africa. Americans especially should remember what peace in El Salvador means, having spent billions of dollars taking sides in a civil war that cost the lives of 80,000 people— 80,000 dead in one decade in one small Central American country in our own hemisphere. Was it in our interest to have the diplomatic intervention of the Secretary-General of the United Nations that brought an end to that struggle? How could Iraq’s aggression have been repulsed and the principle of collective security sustained without a Security Council mandate which allowed both Arab nations and Israel to support the liberation of Kuwait—and which made its $100 billion cost a shared responsibility? In 1992, American forces, under the flag of the UN, brought a quick end to the suffering in Somalia where 400,000 people a year were dying of starvation. The mismanagement of the subsequent military role by both the UN and the US in Somalia, instead of being a painful lesson in future preparations and restraints, became a political liability that President Clinton was unwilling to accept, permitting the UN to become the scapegoat of defeat. When the crisis exploded in Bosnia, none of our countries wanted to face the costs of peace, costs that Benjamin Disraeli calculated with extraordinary precision 114 years before. In a speech in 1878 in the House of Lords, Prime Minister Disraeli said: “No language can describe adequately the condition of that portion of the Balkan Peninsula— Serbia, Bosnia, Herzegovina. No words can describe the political intrigue, the constant rivalries, a total absence of all public spirit, a hatred of all races, animosities of rival religions, absence of any controlling power. Nothing short,” Disraeli said, “of an army of 50,000 of Europe’s best troops would produce anything like order in those parts.” We have seen the Serbs and the Croats and the Muslims kill each other with heartrending results six different times since 1878. Hundreds of thousands of innocent people have been murdered. In 1992, no country wanted to send their ground troops to be involved in another civil war among the Balkan nations. The United Nations was given an impossible mission. The Security Council sent unarmed peacekeepers into a shooting war with a mandate to be neutral in the face of criminal violence. Nevertheless, their very presence stopped the wholesale slaughter, which before their arrival had taken 250,000 lives. When the Security Council created the safe havens such as Sbrinica, it did the right thing. The obligation was to save innocent people. The concept was not wrong. The failure was the Security Council’s unwillingness to provide the resources to protect those safe havens despite the pleas of Secretary-General Boutros Boutros Ghali. The world was outraged by the massacre at Sbrinica. The UN Secretariat, as its recent reports candidly state, bears an important responsibility but the Security Council, which refused it the proper mandate and resources also bears the responsibility. The Dayton Accord, brilliantly negotiated by Richard Holbrooke, brought an end to the fighting. But peace is a process, not an event. The Balkan cauldron seethes with 600 years of hatred. The United Nations can have a critical role in reconciling ancient enemies and building the framework of a civil society. But this is the work of a generation and undoubtedly longer—and the very possibility of success depends on dedicated leadership, such as that being provided by Bernard Kouchner, and a willingness of Europe and America to make the necessary resources available. Ronald Reagan in a speech at Oxford University in December 1992 spoke to the future of the United Nations: “And now the United Nations has been liberated by the end of the Cold War. We are at last able to recognize the vision of its founding fathers. Just as the world’s democracies banded together to advance the cause of freedom in the face of totalitarianism, might we not now unite to impose civilized standards of behavior on those who flout every measure of human decency? Are we not nearing a point in world history where civilized nations can in unison stand up to the most immoral and deadly excesses against humanity?”
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Annan belonged to that group.	en	//d1jcea4y7xhp7l.cloudfront.net/2016/02/cropped-the_s_logo-1-32x32.png	The Sun Nigeria	https://thesun.ng/kofi-annan-african-personality/	A believer in the philosophy of African personality, Nkrumah identified a crop of bright young men whom he nurtured… Annan belonged to that group. Obadiah Mailafia The distinguished Ghanaian diplomat and international civil servant, Kofi Annan, passed away on Saturday, August 18, in Bern, Switzerland, after a brief illness. He was aged 80. READ ALSO: Kofi Annan (1938 – 2018) In January 1997, he was sworn in as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations, taking over from the hapless Egyptian Boutrous Boutrous-Ghali, whose hectoring professorial style had alienated the Americans. The organisation was on the verge of financial bankruptcy. Having risen to Under Secretary-General and head of Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), he never expected to be considered for the ultimate prize. The hand of destiny. He was the first to have risen through the ranks, having joined the organisation as a lowly budget officer in the WHO in 1962. Kofi Atta Annan was born in Kumasi, Ghana, on April 8, 1938, from a long line of Ashanti tribal chiefs. He had a twin sister, Effua Atta, who predeceased him in 1991. He attended the famous Methodist Boarding School, Mfantsipim, from 1954 to 1957. In 1958, he enrolled as an undergraduate student of economics at Kumasi College of Science and Technology, later renamed Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. My wife and I once drove from Abidjan through Kumasi, Accra and Aflao, across the border through Togo and Benin to Lagos. We discovered a West African countryside that was both enchanting and spiritually inspiring. I was deeply moved when I beheld Mfantsipim serenely perched on the ancient savannah hills; an institution that since the 1870s has nurtured generations of boys who have gone on to accomplish mighty exploits for God and country. Ghana became independent in 1957 under the leadership of the great pan-Africanist statesman, Kwame Nkrumah. A believer in the philosophy of African personality, Nkrumah identified a crop of bright young men whom he nurtured and groomed. He aimed to raise high royal princes who could hold their own at any court in the world. Among them were Kenneth Dadzie, scholar of Queens College, Cambridge, who later became Secretary-General of UNCTAD; distinguished philosopher, William Abraham, first African to win the coveted Prize Fellowship of All Souls College, Oxford; and the remarkable Alexander Kwapong, who graduated with a starred First in Classics at Cambridge and went on to become Deputy Rector of the UN University in Tokyo. Kofi Annan belonged to that group. In 1958, Annan enrolled at Macalester College in Minnesota on a Ford Foundation Fellowship, graduating with honours in economics in 1961. He was reputed to have been a good student and a keen sportsman. In 1962/1963, he earned a master’s degree at the Geneva Graduate Institute of International Studies; subsequently earning a mid-career management master’s degree at the Sloan School at MIT. One of the first things he did, as Secretary-General, was to institute a commission to investigate failure of the DPKO to prevent genocide in Rwanda and the massacres in Srebrenica in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was a damning report. Annan could brutally be honest with others as he was with himself. With regard to his failure to prevent the Rwanda genocide as head of DPKO, he lamented: “I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support.” His time as Secretary-General coincided with some of the most turbulent years in our post-Cold War era. The war in Yugoslavia, the Iraq crisis and the attacks on the Twin Towers in New York tested the institutions of global governance to their ultimate limit. The position of UN Secretary-General has been described as “the most impossible job in the world.” While the permanent members expect the incumbent to be more of secretary than general, the demands of the job and the expectations of the international public require that he acts more as a general. The most successful have been those who managed to achieve an Aristotelian balance between the two opposing expectations. No one faced that challenge more than Dag Hammarskjöld of Sweden – a highly accomplished political economist, statesman and mystic – who perished in a mysterious plane crash on his way to finding a lasting peace in the Congo in 1965. It was the peak of the Cold War and he found himself in a classic game-theoretic prisoner’s dilemma. The lot fell on him to redefine the very meaning and purpose of international service and assert the role and independence of the Secretary-General and his special offices in the name of humanity and the global interest. When asked about the impact of the 1789 French revolution, Chinese Premier Zhou En-Lai famously replied that it was “too early to say.” It might be too early to say whether Annan was a great Secretary- General or even a successful one. Perhaps, no one understood the system inside out as much as he did. He brought those insights to bear upon the far-reaching reforms that he implemented. No other scribe has done more to reform the Secretariat, with the possible exception of my favourite, the remarkable Dag Hammarskjöld. Annan promoted the doctrine of Responsibility to Protect, R2P; enshrining the principle of humanitarian intervention in the jurisprudence of international law. He created the Office of Deputy Secretary-General, whose pioneer incumbent was Louise Fréchette of Canada, partly, according to one insider, to assure Western interests that were not altogether persuaded that a black African could run the UN successfully. Racism remains endemic in the world body. The Global Compact and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were his idea. He also created the Global Funds to fight AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. READ ALSO: Nigeria and the challenges of MDGs A champion of peace, human rights and the rule of law, he set up the Peacebuild- ing Commission and the Human Rights Council. He opposed the 2003 American invasion of Iraq, condemning it as “illegal.” To punish him for his effrontery, the George Bush administration instituted investigations into alleged corruption by UN officials in the Iraq “oil-for-food” programme. Although Annan was personally exonerated, his son, Kojo, was indicted for “unethical” dealings with one of the firms that had won the lucrative contracts. Annan was an astute international civil servant, an effective administrator and a global statesman of courage and calmness under fire. When he and the UN were awarded the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize, no one could say that it was undeserved. What stood him out was his open-minded cosmopolitanism. One of the lowest moments in his illustrious career was in August 2003 when his protégé and friend, Sérgio Vieira de Mello of Brazil and several colleagues were killed in a bomb blast in the UN mission building in Baghdad. An- nan had been grooming the Brazilian to be his successor. During his December 2006 farewell speech, given to the UN Association in Kansas City, he identified three major glob- al challenges: “an unjust world economy, world disorder, and widespread contempt for human rights and the rule of law.” He also expressed worries about violence in Africa and the Arab-Israeli conflict as is- sues needing world attention. With a calm but firm voice, he asserted: “The responsi- bility of the great states is to serve and not dominate the peoples of the world.” Following retirement, he championed several good causes. He set up the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre in Accra and the Kofi Annan Foundation, which played a key role in establishing the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa. He was chair of The Elders, an organisation founded by Nelson Mandela to address some of the world’s critical challenges. He also led several UN peace missions, notably to Syria, Kenya and Myanmar. He was on the boards of a major bank, a global private equity firm and several international agencies. READ ALSO: Ghana flag at half-mast for Kofi Annan in Abuja He is survived by three children and his widow, Nane Maria Lagergren, a jurist from the distinguished Wallenberg family of Sweden. One of the brightest stars, no doubt, in the African galaxy. • Dr. Mailafia worked at the United Nations, under Annan
7734	dbpedia	2	9	https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/wp/k/Kofi_Annan.htm	en	Kofi Annan			[ "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/checked-content.png", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/images/1709/170907.jpg", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/images/1709/170908.jpg", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/images/1709/170912.jpg", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/images/1x1white.gif", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/images/1709/170916.jpg", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/images/1x1white.gif", "https://samplecontents.library.ph/wikipedia/schools-wikipedia-logo.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "SOS Children" ]	null	An article about Kofi Annan hand selected for the Wikipedia for Schools by SOS Children	en			http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/k/Kofi_Annan.htm	Kofi Atta Annan (pron.: / ˈ k oʊ f i ˈ æ n ə n /; born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations, from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2006. Annan and the United Nations were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize for his founding of the Global AIDS and Health Fund to support developing countries in their struggle to care for their people. From 23 February until 31 August 2012, Annan was the UN–Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria, to help find a resolution to ongoing conflict there. Annan quit after becoming frustrated with the UN's lack of progress with regard to conflict resolution, stating that "when the Syrian people desperately need action, there continues to be finger-pointing and name-calling in the Security Council." Early years and education Kofi Annan was born in Kumasi in the Gold Coast on 8 April 1938. His twin sister Efua Ataa, who died in 1991, shares the middle name Atta, which in Fante and Akan means 'twin'. Annan and his sister were born into one of the country's aristocratic families; both their grandfathers and their uncle were tribal chiefs. In the Akan names tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week on which they were born, and/or in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday. Pronunciation: Annan has said his surname rhymes with "cannon" in English. From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim school, a Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan has said that the school taught him "that suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere". In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, the Gold Coast gained independence from Britain and began using the name "Ghana". In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, in 1961. Annan then did a DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961–62. After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a Master of Science (M.S.) degree. Annan is fluent in English, French, Akan, some Kru languages and other African languages. Early career In 1962, Kofi Annan started working as a Budget Officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN). From 1974 to 1976, he worked as the Director of Tourism in Ghana. In the late 1980s, Annan returned to work for the UN, where he was appointed as an Assistant Secretary-General in three consecutive positions: Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator (1987–1990); Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller (1990–1992); and Peacekeeping Operations (March 1993 – December 1996). The Rwandan Genocide took place in 1994 while Annan directed UN Peacekeeping Operations. In 2003 Canadian ex-General Roméo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide. In his book Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003), General Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict, and from providing more logistical and material support. Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to provide responses to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository; such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis. In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said, "I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support." Annan served as Under-Secretary-General from March 1994 to October 1995. He was appointed a Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving for five months before returning to his duties as Under-Secretary-General in April 1996. Secretary-General of the United Nations Appointment On 13 December 1996, the United Nations Security Council recommended Annan to replace the previous Secretary-General, Dr. Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt, whose second term faced the veto of the United States. Confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly, he started his first term as Secretary-General on 1 January 1997. Activities In April 2001, Annan issued a five-point "Call to Action" to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Stating it was a "personal priority", Annan proposed a Global AIDS and Health Fund to stimulate the increased international spending needed to help developing countries confront the HIV/AIDS crisis. On 10 December 2001, Annan and the United Nations were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world". In the years after 1998 when UNSCOM was kicked out by the government of Saddam Hussein and during the Iraq disarmament crisis, in which the United States blamed UNSCOM and former IAEA director Hans Blix for failing to properly disarm Iraq, Scott Ritter the former UNSCOM chief weapons inspector, blamed Annan for being slow and ineffective in enforcing Security Council resolutions on Iraq and was overtly submissive to the demands of the Clinton administration for regime removal and inspection of sites, often Presidential palaces, that were not mandated in any resolution and were of questionable intelligence value, which severely hampered UNSCOM's ability to cooperate with the Iraqi government and contributed to their expulsion from the country. Ritter also claimed that Annan regularly interfered with the work of the inspectors and diluted the chain of command by trying to micromanage all of the activities of UNSCOM, which caused intelligence processing (and the resulting inspections) to be backed up and caused confusion with the Iraqis as to who was in charge and as a result, they generally refused to take orders from Ritter or Rolf Ekéus without explicit approval from Annan, which could have taken days, if not weeks. He later believed that Annan was oblivious to the fact the Iraqis took advantage of this in order to delay inspections. He claimed that on one occasion, Annan refused to implement a no-notice inspection of the SSO headquarters and instead tried to negotiate access, but the negotiation ended up taking nearly six weeks, giving the Iraqis more than enough time to clean out the site. During the build-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Annan called on the United States and the United Kingdom not to invade without the support of the United Nations. In a September 2004 interview on the BBC, when questioned about the legal authority for the invasion, Annan said he believed it was not in conformity with the UN charter and was illegal. Annan and Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad disagreed sharply on Iran's nuclear program, on an Iranian exhibition of cartoons mocking the Holocaust, and on the then upcoming International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust, an Iranian Holocaust denial conference in 2006. During a visit to Iran instigated by continued Iranian uranium enrichment, Annan said "I think the tragedy of the Holocaust is an undeniable historical fact and we should really accept that fact and teach people what happened in World War II and ensure it is never repeated." Annan supported sending a UN peacekeeping mission to Darfur, Sudan. He worked with the government of Sudan to accept a transfer of power from the African Union peacekeeping mission to a UN one. Annan also worked with several Arab and Muslim countries on women's rights and other topics. Beginning in 1998, Annan convened an annual UN "Security Council Retreat" with the 15 States' representatives of the Council. It was held at the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF) Conference Centre at the Rockefeller family estate at Pocantico, and was sponsored by both the RBF and the UN. Lubbers sexual-harassment investigation In June 2004, Annan was given a copy of the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) report on the complaint brought by four women workers against Ruud Lubbers, UN High Commissioner for Refugees for sexual harassment, abuse of authority, and retaliation. The report also reviewed a long-serving staff member's allegations of sexual harassment and misconduct against Werner Blatter, Director of UNHCR Personnel. The investigation found Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment; no mention was made publicly of the other charge against a senior official, or two subsequent complaints filed later that year. In the course of the official investigation, Lubbers wrote a letter which some considered was a threat to the female worker who had brought the charges. On 15 July 2004, Annan cleared Lubbers of the accusations, saying they were not substantial enough legally. His decision held until November 2004. When the OIOS issued its annual report to the UN General Assembly, it stated that it had found Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment. These events were widely reported and weakened Annan's influence. On 17 November 2004, Annan accepted an OIOS report clearing Dileep Nair, UN Under-Secretary-General for Internal Oversight Services, of political corruption and sexual harassment charges. Some UN staff in New York disagreed with this conclusion, leading to extended debate on 19 November. The internal UNn-OIOS report on Lubbers was leaked, and sections accompanied by an article by Kate Holt were published in a British newspaper. In February 2005, he resigned as head of the UN refugee agency. Lubbers said he wanted to relieve political pressure on Annan. Oil-for-Food scandal In December 2004, reports surfaced that the Secretary-General's son Kojo Annan received payments from the Swiss company Cotecna Inspection SA, which had won a lucrative contract under the UN Oil-for-Food Program. Kofi Annan called for an investigation to look into the allegations. Annan appointed the Independent Inquiry Committee, which was led by former US Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker, then the director of the United Nations Association of the US. In his first interview with the Inquiry Committee, Annan denied having had a meeting with Cotecna. Later in the inquiry, he recalled that he had met with Cotecna's chief executive Elie-Georges Massey twice. In a final report issued on 27 October, the committee found insufficient evidence to indict Kofi Annan on any illegal actions, but did find fault with Benan Sevan, a Cypriot national who had worked for the UN for about 40 years. Appointed by Annan to the Oil-For-Food role, Sevan repeatedly asked Iraqis for allocations of oil to the African Middle East Petroleum Company. Sevan's behaviour was "ethically improper", Volcker said to reporters. Sevan repeatedly denied the charges and argued that he was being made a "scapegoat". The Volcker report was highly critical of the UN management structure and the Security Council oversight. It strongly recommended a new position be established of Chief Operating Officer (COO), to handle the fiscal and administrative responsibilities than under the Secretary General's office. The report listed the companies, both Western and Middle Eastern, that benefited illegally from the program. Relations between the United States and the United Nations Kofi Annan supported his deputy Secretary-General Mark Malloch Brown, who openly criticized the United States in a speech on 6 June 2006: "[T]he prevailing practice of seeking to use the UN almost by stealth as a diplomatic tool while failing to stand up for it against its domestic critics is simply not sustainable. You will lose the UN one way or another. [...] [That] the US is constructively engaged with the UN [...] is not well known or understood, in part because much of the public discourse that reaches the US heartland has been largely abandoned to its loudest detractors such as Rush Limbaugh and Fox News." Malloch later said his talk was a "sincere and constructive critique of U.S. policy toward the U.N. by a friend and admirer." The talk was unusual because it violated unofficial policy of not having top officials publicly criticize member nations. The interim U.S. ambassador John R. Bolton, appointed by President George W. Bush, was reported to have told Annan on the phone: "I've known you since 1989 and I'm telling you this is the worst mistake by a senior UN official that I have seen in that entire time." Observers from other nations supported Malloch's view that conservative politicians in the US prevented many citizens from understanding the benefits of US involvement in the UN. UN Resolution 61/225: World Diabetes Day Kofi Annan witnessed the United Nations General Assembly's passage of UN Resolution 61/225, to establish World Diabetes Day. The Resolution was the second UN General Assembly Resolution on a health-related issue (the other being HIV/AIDS). Resolution 61/225 is the only Health-related UN Resolution to pass by consensus. Sponsored by the Republic of South Africa and Bangladesh, the Resolution was passed on 20 December 2006. Farewell addresses On 19 September 2006, Annan gave a farewell address to world leaders gathered at the UN headquarters in New York, in anticipation of his retirement on 31 December. In the speech he outlined three major problems of "an unjust world economy, world disorder, and widespread contempt for human rights and the rule of law", which he believes "have not resolved, but sharpened" during his time as Secretary-General. He also pointed to violence in Africa, and the Arab-Israeli conflict as two major issues warranting attention. On 11 December 2006, in his final speech as Secretary-General, delivered at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library in Independence, Missouri, Annan recalled Truman's leadership in the founding of the United Nations. He called for the United States to return to President Truman's multilateralist foreign policies, and to follow Truman's credo that "the responsibility of the great states is to serve and not dominate the peoples of the world". He also said that the United States must maintain its commitment to human rights, "including in the struggle against terrorism." Recommendations for UN reform Soon after taking office in 1997, Annan released two reports on management reform. On 17 March 1997, the report ‘Management and Organisational Measures’ (A/51/829) introduced new management mechanisms through the establishment of a cabinet-style body to assist him and be grouping the UN’s activities in accordance with four core missions. A comprehensive reform agenda was issued on 14 July 1997 entitled ‘Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform’ (A/51/950). Key proposals included the introduction of strategic management to strengthen unity of purpose, the establishment of the position of Deputy Secretary-General, a 10-percent reduction in posts, a reduction in administrative costs, the consolidation of the UN at the country level, and reaching out to civil society and the private sector as partners. Annan also proposed to hold a Millennium Summit in 2000. After years of research, Annan presented a progress report, In Larger Freedom, to the UN General Assembly, on 21 March 2005. Annan recommended Security Council expansion and a host of other UN reforms. On 31 January 2006, Kofi Annan outlined his vision for a comprehensive and extensive reform of the UN in a policy speech to the United Nations Association UK. The speech, delivered at Central Hall, Westminster, also marked the 60th Anniversary of the first meetings of the UN General Assembly and UN Security Council. On 7 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his proposals for a fundamental overhaul of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is entitled: "Investing in the United Nations, For a Stronger Organization Worldwide". On 30 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his analysis and recommendations for updating the entire work programme of the United Nations Secretariat over the last 60 years. The report is entitled: "Mandating and Delivering: Analysis and Recommendations to Facilitate the Review of Mandates". Regarding the UN Human Rights Council, Annan has said "declining credibility" had "cast a shadow on the reputation of the United Nations system. Unless we re-make our human rights machinery, we may be unable to renew public confidence in the United Nations itself." However, he does believe that, despite its flaws, the council can do good. Post-UN career Upon his return to Ghana, Annan was immediately suggested as a candidate to become the country's next President. He has become involved with several organizations with both global and African focuses. In 2007, Annan was named chairman of the prize committee for the Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, was chosen to lead the new formation of Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), was appointed president of the Global Humanitarian Forum in Geneva, and was selected for the MacArthur Foundation Award for International Justice. Annan is a member of The Elders, a group of independent global leaders who work together on peace and human rights issues. In November 2008, Annan and fellow Elders Jimmy Carter and Graça Machel attempted to travel to Zimbabwe to make a first-hand assessment of the humanitarian situation in the country. Refused entry, the Elders instead carried out their assessment from Johannesburg, where they met Zimbabwe- and South Africa-based leaders from politics, business, international organisations and civil society. In May 2011, following months of political violence in Côte d’Ivoire, Annan travelled to the country with Elders Desmond Tutu and Mary Robinson to encourage national reconciliation. In the beginning of 2008, as head of the Panel of Eminent African Personalities, Annan participated in the negotiations to end the civil unrest in Kenya. He threatened to leave the negotiations as mediator if a quick decision was not made. On 26 February 2008 he suspended talks to end Kenya's violent post-election crisis. On 28 February, Annan managed to have President Mwai Kibaki and Raila Odinga sign a coalition government agreement and was widely lauded by many Kenyans for this landmark achievement. That was the best deal achieved then under the mediation efforts. Annan is a member of the Club of Madrid. Annan currently serves on the board of directors of the United Nations Foundation, a public charity created in 1998 with entrepreneur and philanthropist Ted Turner's historic $1 billion USD gift to support UN causes. The UN Foundation builds and implements public-private partnerships to address the world's most pressing problems, and broadens support for the UN. Annan chairs the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa. Every year, the Panel releases a report, the Africa Progress Report, that outlines an issue of immediate importance to the continent and suggests a set of associated policies. In 2012, the Africa Progress Report highlighted issues of Jobs, Justice, and Equity. The 2013 report will outline issues relating to oil, gas, and mining in Africa. Kofi Annan was appointed the Chancellor of the University of Ghana in 2008. Annan has signed up to be one of the Counsellors at One Young World a non-profit organisation which hopes to bring together 1500 young global leaders of tomorrow from every country in the world. In May 2009 Columbia University announced that Annan will join a new program being launched by Dean John Coatsworth at the School of International and Public Affairs as one of the first group of Global Fellows. The Global Fellows program will bring students together with global practitioners to share firsthand knowledge of experiences in the life of an international or public figure. He is also a fellow of The Committee on Global Thought appointed by the University. On 2 September 2009, Annan was unveiled as the first Li Ka Shing Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy of the National University of Singapore (NUS). The announcement was made during the school's 5th anniversary celebrations. On 7 October 2010, Annan was appointed to the Board of Directors of the Global Center for Pluralism, Canada’s new international research and education center dedicated to the study and practice of pluralism worldwide. The Global Centre for Pluralism is an initiative of His Highness the Aga Khan in partnership with the Government of Canada. The Center is located at 330 Sussex Drive in Ottawa, Canada. Dedicated to the creation of successful societies, the Centre is founded on the premise that tolerance, openness and understanding towards the cultures, social structures, values and faiths of other peoples are essential to the very survival of an interdependent world. Pluralism is no longer simply an asset or a prerequisite for progress and development. A member of the Fondation Chirac's honour committee when former French president Jacques Chirac launched it in 2008, Kofi Annan participates as jury member for the Prize for Conflict Prevention awarded every year by this foundation. He also created the Kofi Annan Foundation dedicated to sustainable development and peace. Work in Syria On 23 February 2012, Annan was appointed as the UN-Arab League envoy to Syria, in an attempt to end the civil war taking place. He developed a six-point plan for peace: commit to work with the Envoy in an inclusive Syrian-led political process to address the legitimate aspirations and concerns of the Syrian people, and, to this end, commit to appoint an empowered interlocutor when invited to do so by the Envoy; commit to stop the fighting and achieve urgently an effective United Nations supervised cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties to protect civilians and stabilise the country. To this end, the Syrian government should immediately cease troop movements towards, and end the use of heavy weapons in, population centres, and begin pullback of military concentrations in and around population centres. As these actions are being taken on the ground, the Syrian government should work with the Envoy to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism. Similar commitments would be sought by the Envoy from the opposition and all relevant elements to stop the fighting and work with him to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism; ensure timely provision of humanitarian assistance to all areas affected by the fighting, and to this end, as immediate steps, to accept and implement a daily two hour humanitarian pause and to coordinate exact time and modalities of the daily pause through an efficient mechanism, including at local level; intensify the pace and scale of release of arbitrarily detained persons, including especially vulnerable categories of persons, and persons involved in peaceful political activities, provide without delay through appropriate channels a list of all places in which such persons are being detained, immediately begin organizing access to such locations and through appropriate channels respond promptly to all written requests for information, access or release regarding such persons; ensure freedom of movement throughout the country for journalists and a non-discriminatory visa policy for them; respect freedom of association and the right to demonstrate peacefully as legally guaranteed. On 2 August, he resigned as U.N. and Arab League joint special envoy to Syria, citing the intransigence of both the Assad government and the rebels, as well as the stalemate on the Security Council as preventing any peaceful resolution of the situation. He also stated that the lack of international unity and ineffective diplomacy among the world leaders has made the peaceful resolution in Syria an impossible task. Memoir On 4 September 2012, Annan published his memoir, Interventions: A Life in War and Peace, written with Nader Mousavizadeh, ISBN 978-159420420-3. The book is described as a personal biography of so-called global statecraft. Personal life In 1965 Kofi Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from a well-to-do family. Several years later they had a daughter Ama and later a son Kojo. The couple separated in the late seventies. In 1984 Annan remarried to Nane Lagergren - a Swedish lawyer at the U.N. and niece of Raoul Wallenberg. Honours and awards Honours 2000: Companion of the Order of the Star of Ghana 2000: Grand Cross Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland 2001: Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Star of Romania 2005: Grand Collar of the Order of Liberty (Portugal) 2006: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion 2007: Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria 2007: Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) from Queen Elizabeth II (UK) 2008: Grand Cross 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Awards 2000: Kora All Africa Music Awards in the category of Lifetime Achievement 2001: Nobel Foundation, The Nobel Peace Prize, jointly presented to Kofi Annan and the United Nations 2002: winner of the " Profiles in Courage Award", given by the JFK Memorial Museum 2002: The American Whig-Cliosophic Society James Madison Award for Distinguished Public Service. 2003: Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 2003: Freedom Prize of the Max Schmidheiny Foundation at the University of St. Gallen 2006: International World Order of Culture, Science and Education, Award of the European Academy of Informatization, Belgium 2006: Inter Press Service, International Achievement Award for Annan's lasting contributions to peace, security, and development 2006: Olof Palme Prize 2007: Wooden Crossbow, special award from the Swiss World Economic Forum 2007: People in Europe Award of Verlagsgruppe Passau 2007: MacArthur Foundation, MacArthur Award for International Justice 2007: North-South Prize of the Council of Europe 2008: Peace of Westphalia Prize 2008: Harvard University Honours Prize 2008: Gottlieb Duttweiler Prize 2008: Peace of Westphalia Prize – Münster (Westfalen) 2008: Open Society Award – CEU Business School Budapest 2011: Gothenburg Award Honorary degrees