identifier
stringlengths 1
43
| dataset
stringclasses 3
values | question
stringclasses 4
values | rank
int64 0
99
| url
stringlengths 14
1.88k
| read_more_link
stringclasses 1
value | language
stringclasses 1
value | title
stringlengths 0
200
| top_image
stringlengths 0
125k
| meta_img
stringlengths 0
125k
| images
listlengths 0
18.2k
| movies
listlengths 0
484
| keywords
listlengths 0
0
| meta_keywords
listlengths 1
48.5k
| tags
null | authors
listlengths 0
10
| publish_date
stringlengths 19
32
⌀ | summary
stringclasses 1
value | meta_description
stringlengths 0
258k
| meta_lang
stringclasses 68
values | meta_favicon
stringlengths 0
20.2k
| meta_site_name
stringlengths 0
641
| canonical_link
stringlengths 9
1.88k
⌀ | text
stringlengths 0
100k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2246
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 32
|
http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/content/oil-gas
|
en
|
Russian-American Business
|
http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---OPEC-asked-U.S..gif
|
[
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/logo_large.png",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/imageblock/ban_BUSN.jpg",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russian%20Oil%20%26%20Gas%20Market%20Set%20for%20Moderate%20Growth%2C%20Reaching%20%24556.9%20Billion%20by%202027.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---SOCAR%2C%20Tatneft%20Sign%20Cooperation_0.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Turkish%20Terminal%20Halts%20Russian%20Oil%20Imports.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Germany%20Prolongs%20Rosneft%20Trusteeship%20Amid%20Search%20for%20Buyer.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Demands%20Over%20%24900%20Million%20from%20Polish%20Companies.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Activates%20Gasification%20Projects%20in%20Novosibirsk.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Enhances%20Gas%20Access%20in%20Kursk%20Region.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%E2%80%99s%20Gas%20Infrastructure%20Expansion%20Across%20Russia.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Explosion%20Damages%20Oil%20Reservoir%20in%20Russia%E2%80%99s%20Belgorod%20Region.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---India%E2%80%99s%20Substantial%20Oil%20Imports%20from%20Russia.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Kazakhstan%20Increases%20Russian%20Gas%20Transit%20to%20Uzbekistan.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Ukraine%20Maintains%20Russian%20Gas%20Transit%20Potential%20Through%202027.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Commissions%2014%20KM%20Gas%20Pipeline%20in%20Razvyazka%20Village%2C%20Chelyabinsk%20Region.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Ukraine%20Open%20to%20Continuing%20Gas%20Transit%20From%20Russia%20Post-2024%20Upon%20European%20Request.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%20to%20Further%20Reduce%20Oil%20Production%20While%20Softening%20Export%20Constraints%20in%20Q2%202024.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russian%20Government%20Anticipates%20Early%20Completion%20of%20Kamchatka%20Regasification%20Terminal.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Initiates%20Sale%20of%20North%20Sea%20Assets%20Starting%20at%20344%20Million%20Euros.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Commissions%20Gas%20Pipeline%20in%20Komi%20Republic%20for%20Enhanced%20Gasification.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%20Extends%20Offer%20for%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Exploration%20Cooperation%20to%20Nigeria.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Turkey%20and%20Bulgaria%20Assure%20Hungary%20of%20Continued%20Russian%20Gas%20Transit.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Republika%20Srpska%20Commits%20to%20Enhancing%20Gas%20Supplies%20with%20Gazprom.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Launches%20Gas%20Pipeline%20in%20Pskov%20Region%2C%20Russia.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Enhances%20Gas%20Infrastructure%20in%20Pskov%20Region%E2%80%99s%20Lapinki%20Microdistrict.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%20Anticipates%20Oil%20Output%20of%20520-530%20Million%20Tons%20in%202024.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Completes%20Construction%20of%20Inter-Settlement%20Gas%20Pipeline%20In%20Priozersky%20District%20of%20Leningrad%20Region.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%E2%80%99s%20Gas%20Production%20and%20LNG%20Output%20Rise%20in%20January%202024.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Dobycha%20Tomsk%20Initiates%20Trial%20Production%20at%20North-Trassovoye%20Oil%20Field.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Enhances%20Gas%20Supply%20in%20Yaroslavl%20Region.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%20Implements%20Six-Month%20Ban%20on%20Gasoline%20Exports%20to%20Stabilize%20Domestic%20Market.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---KazMunayGas%20Reports%20Operational%20Achievements%20for%20the%20Full%20Year%20of%202023.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---South%20Africa%20Explores%20Russian%20Crude%20Oil%20Imports.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Enhances%20Gasification%20Efforts%20in%20Vologda%20Region.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Denmark%20Concludes%20Investigation%20into%20Nord%20Stream%20Pipeline%20Explosion%20with%20Sabotage%20Finding.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Tatneft%20to%20Explore%20for%20Hydrocarbons%20in%20Kazakhstan.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Commissions%20Inter-Settlement%20Gas%20Pipeline%20In%20Grigorovo%20Village%20of%20Oryol%20Region%2C%20Russia.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Sakhalin%20Energy%20Continues%20Selling%2060%25%20of%20Sakhalin-2%20Project%20LNG%20to%20Japan.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%E2%80%99s%20New%20Gas%20Pipeline%20Ventures%20Boost%20Local%20Infrastructure.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Rosneft%E2%80%99s%20RN-Purneftegaz%20Hits%20Gas%20Production%20Milestone.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Syzran%20Refinery%20Enhances%20Operational%20Efficiency%20and%20Environmental%20Impact.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Uztransgaz%20To%20Invest%20%24470%20Million%20in%20Gas%20Pipelines%20Modernization%20To%20Enhance%20Imports%20From%20Russia.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Update%20On%20Russian%20Oil%20Production%20in%20Eastern%20Siberia%20in%202023.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russian%20Oil%20Producer%20Rosneft%E2%80%99s%20Annual%20Profit%20Surges%20to%20%2414%20Billion.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%20May%20Boost%20LNG%20Production%20in%20Sakhalin%20to%2015%20Mln%20Metric%20Tons.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%E2%80%99s%20Offshore%20Oil%20Production%20in%202023%20to%20Reach%2024mln%20Tons.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%20to%20Boost%20LNG%20Production%20to%20110%20Mln%20Tons%20in%202030%20From%2033%20Mln%20Tons%20in%202023.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%20May%20Produce%20523%20Mln%20Metric%20Tons%20of%20Gas%20in%202024.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Novatek%20Resumes%20Shipment%20of%20Petroleum%20Products%20From%20Ust-Luga%20Terminal.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%20Reduces%20Oil%20Refining%20by%207%25%2C%20Expects%20to%20Maintain%202023%20Level%20in%202024.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---RussNeft%20Boosts%20Oil%20Reserves%20by%20130%25%20in%202023.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Bashneft%20Expands%20Hydrocarbon%20Reserves%20in%202023.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Rosneft%20Produces%20193.6%20Million%20Tons%20of%20Liquid%20Hydrocarbons.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2023.03.01---Why%20Europe%20was%20not%20frozen.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2023.03.01---Hydrocarbons%20sales.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---Oil.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---YamalShelf.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---MillerAlekperov.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---PetroNeft.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---HMS.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---VolgaGas.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---Transneft.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---Tatneft.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---OmskRefinery.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---Forum.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---SalymPetroleum.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.02---Gazprom-reviews-shale.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.02---Rosneft.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.02---Lukoil_1.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.02---Novatek.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.02---Gazprom.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.01---Rick-Perry-praises-FRONT.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.01---Investor-Day.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.01---Alexey-Miller-and-Dmitry-Rogozin.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.01---Rosneft-Deutschland.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.01---Rosneft-increases-bunker-oil.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.01---Minister-Novak-co-chairs-5th-OPEC.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.01---Gazprom-brings-energy-security-of-Kaliningrad.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.01---Lukoil%E2%80%99s-proven-reserves.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.01---NOVATEK-announces.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---TurkStream-Black-Sea.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Reliable-gas.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Gazprom-and-Austria_0.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Gazprom-and-BASF.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Documents-signed-for-TurkStream.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Gazprom-and-Edison.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Gazprom-%26-Siemens.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Credit-Agricole.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Gazprom-releases.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Gazprom-proposes.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Rosneft%E2%80%99s-operating-results.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Rosneft.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Bashneftegeofizika.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Rosneft-discovers-new-oilfield.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Rosneft-opened.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Lukoil-reports.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Wellhead-platform-topside-at-Korchagin.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Lukoil-announces.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Lukoil%E2%80%99s-cumulative.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Lukoil-completes.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Novatek-creates-maritime-Arctic-transport.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Novatek-%26-Total.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Novatek-shipped.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Novatek%E2%80%99s-Q1-2018-results.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Transneft.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Tatneft%E2%80%99s-management.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Transneft%E2%80%99s-commissions-Yug.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Tatneft-published.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Tatneft%E2%80%99s-results.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.0X---Rosneft.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.0X---Price-of-Urals-oil.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.0X---Defense-companies.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.0X---Gazprom-Neft.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---Gazprom-increases-exports.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---ExxonMobil-challenges.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---Russia-is-leading.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---OPEC-asked-U.S..gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---Gazprom-increased-gas-exports.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---Rosneft-to-invest.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---White-House-to-block.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---Western-companies.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---Oil-prices-expected.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---Rosgeo.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---Russia%E2%80%99s-E.U.-envoy.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---Schroder.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russian%20New%20Cars%20Market%20Set%20to%20Double%20by%202027%20Amid%20Recovery%20Efforts.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russian%20Automotive%20Manufacturing%20Industry%20to%20Surge%20by%2093.1%25%20to%20%2425.3%20Billion%20by%202027%20Amidst%20Recovery%20Efforts.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russian%20Airlines%20Industry%20Set%20for%20Remarkable%20Recovery.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---TSAT%20Rostec%20Set%20to%20Launch%20Advanced%20Domestic%203D%20Printer%20for%20Aircraft%20Engine%20Parts%20in%202024.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Moscow%20Training%20Center%20UEC%20to%20Amplify%20Workforce%20Training%20for%20Aircraft%20Engine%20Production.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---UEC-Saturn%20and%20RSATU%20Launch%20New%20Intake%20for%20Wings%20of%20Rostec%20Program.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Citro%C3%ABn%20Models%20Made%20in%20Russia%20Had%20%E2%80%98Immaterial%E2%80%99%20Impact%20on%20Stellantis%20Financials.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Mercedes-Benz%20Sells%20Stake%20in%20Russian%20Truckmaker%20Kamaz.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Rostec%20Begins%20Serial%20Production%20of%20Domestic%20Glazing%20for%20MS-21%20Aircraft.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Chinese%20Automakers%20Lead%20Russia%E2%80%99s%20New%20Car%20Sales%20in%202023%20Amid%20Western%20Withdrawal.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/imageblock/logo.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/flag-png-picture.png
|
http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/content/oil-gas
|
The Russian oil and gas sector saw substantial growth in 2022, with a 40.1% increase, reaching a market value of $491,875.1 million. Despite challenges, including global sanctions due to geopolitical tensions, the sector is forecasted to grow further, reaching $556,902.4 million by 2027, marking a 13.2% increase since 2022.
In 2022, the market’s volume grew marginally by 0.5% to 4,353.5 million barrels of oil equivalent (BoE), with predictions indicating a rise to 4,546.7 million BoE by 2027, a 4.4% increase from 2022. Natural gas remains the dominant segment, representing 60.7% of the market’s total value, underscoring Russia’s significant role as a major player in the European oil and gas market with a 24.7% share.
On March 8, 2024, SOCAR, the Azerbaijani state-owned oil and gas company, and Tatneft, a leading Russian oil and gas entity, entered into a cooperation agreement in the petrochemical sector. This collaboration was formalized after discussions between SOCAR’s President Rovshan Najaf and Tatneft’s Head Nail Maganov, marking a significant step towards strengthening ties in the petrochemical industry between the two companies.
On February 28, 2024, SOCAR’s Rovshan Najaf and Gazprom’s Alexei Miller held discussions on enhancing cooperation in the gas sector, amidst ongoing contractual engagements with Gazprom Export.
In a significant shift on March 7, 2024, the Dörtyol oil terminal in Türkiye’s Hatay province announced its decision to stop accepting Russian crude oil imports. This move comes as a direct response to the tightening of U.S. sanctions against Russia following its invasion of Ukraine in early 2022. The Dörtyol terminal, previously known for its business with Iraqi crude, had seen an influx of Russian oil as Europe imposed restrictions and Russia sought alternative trade routes. In 2023, the terminal reported record levels of Russian crude passing through Türkiye to Europe, in direct contravention of EU sanctions. Global Terminal Services (GTS), which operates Dörtyol, stated that this cessation is an added precaution to ensure compliance with international sanctions, despite all previous operations fully adhering to them, including the G7’s price cap on transporting Russian oil.
On March 4, 2024, Ukrainian Prime Minister Denis Shmygal announced Ukraine’s willingness to continue the transit of Russian gas through its territory beyond 2024, conditional on requests from European countries. This statement underscores Ukraine’s role in the European energy landscape and its openness to facilitating gas supply despite ongoing tensions.
"If the European countries act as a consortium or one of the European partners will act as a transit country for their gas -- we are ready to provide such a service," Shmyhal told a press conference.
Ukraine can seal a deal on gas transit with the European Commission or a group of European countries that are interested in maintaining the transit, Shmyhal said.
He stressed that Ukraine will not extend the existing gas transit contract or sign a new contract with Russia.
In a strategic move to stabilize domestic gasoline prices and meet the increased consumer and agricultural demand, Russia declared a six-month suspension of gasoline exports starting March 1, 2024. This decision, as reported by Reuters on February 27, 2024, aims to address the seasonal surge in fuel requirements, particularly during spring agricultural activities, refinery maintenance periods, and the summer holiday season.
Alexander Novak, Russia’s Deputy Prime Minister, confirmed the prohibition, which was officially sanctioned by Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin. This regulatory action was propelled by Novak’s insights on impending fuel demand challenges outlined in a proposal dated February 21, 2024. The ban is anticipated to mitigate domestic gasoline price volatility, a matter of significant concern for Russian motorists and the agricultural sector, especially leading up to the presidential election set for March 15–17, 2024.
On February 27, 2024, KazMunayGas (“KMG”), Kazakhstan’s national oil and gas company, detailed its full-year operational results for 2023. Under the leadership of Magzum Mirzagaliyev, Chairman of the Management Board, KMG successfully pursued its strategic initiatives, benefiting a wide range of stakeholders from shareholders and investors to employees, regional operations, and the country at large.
In 2023, KMG’s notable endeavors included the initiation of three new fields to boost gas production. May saw the start of the Aksai Yuzhny field, followed by the Vostochny Urikhtau field in early December, and the year concluded with the Rozhkovskoye field’s commencement. Additionally, in November, KMG finalized the acquisition of a 60% interest from French TotalEnergies in the Dunga oil and gas field in Mangistau region, contributing 547 thousand tons of oil production for the year, with KMG’s share amounting to 40 thousand tons since joining the project.
On February 21, 2024, Gazprom announced the commissioning of new gas pipelines in various regions of Russia, marking significant progress in the nation’s gasification efforts. In the Novospassky district of the Ulyanovsk region, a 4.7 km gas distribution network was introduced, providing gas to 89 households in the villages of Samaykino and Fabrichnye Vyselki. Similarly, the village of Sidelnikovo in the Republic of Mari El celebrated the completion of its gasification, with a newly built pipeline under the Program for the Development of Gas Supply and Gasification of the Republic. Another noteworthy development was in the Leninsky district of Tomsk, where gas distribution networks spanning 4.9 km were launched to serve 132 households. These projects underscore Gazprom’s commitment to enhancing regional gas supply and infrastructure.
RussNeft achieved a significant increase in oil reserves in 2023, adding 8.3 million tons, primarily through its operations at the Tagrinskoye field. The company reported an impressive reserve replacement rate of 174%, producing 6.434 million tons of oil and 2.11 billion cubic meters of gas with a 96.6% APG utilization rate. New technological advancements have led to the commissioning of 69 oil wells and a notable increase in the overhaul period of the mechanized well stock to 834 days.
Since the end of February 2022, the Russian oil and gas industry has faced continuous pressure. While Europe initially expected the process of reducing dependence on Russian hydrocarbons to take several years, by mid-autumn it became clear that European countries had nearly eliminated their total reliance on Russian oil and gas. In a recent interview, Aleksey Belogoriev, Deputy Chief Director for Energy at the Institute of Energy and Finance (IEF), discussed how the oil and gas industry has developed since the start of Russia’s military operation in Ukraine and what to anticipate in the future.
According to the Center for Energy and Clean Air Research (CREA), Russia currently earns more than $551 million a day from the sale of oil and gas, despite attempts by the U.S., EU, and other countries to limit its revenue from fossil fuel exports.
However, CREA analysts predict that the ceiling of Russian oil prices may be lowered to $30 per barrel in the future, which could lead to a drop in Russia’s fossil fuel revenue to $340 million a day. Europe may also completely abandon LNG and pipeline oil supplies from Russia, further reducing its revenue.
Russia’s current fossil fuel revenues are only slightly below what the country was earning on average in May 2021, despite some countries boycotting Russian raw materials. The EU has banned maritime imports of Russian oil and oil products, but EU countries continue to import Russian oil and gas via pipeline or in the form of LNG.
The value of the Russian oil and gas market fell by 15.2 percent in 2019 due to a decline in oil and gas prices this year. This decrease marked the end of a period of double-digit growth recorded in 2017 and 2018. A sharper decline is expected in 2020, amid weaker demand and a sharp decline in oil prices. For the rest of the next five years, the market is expected to return to double-digit growth rates, as oil and gas prices are expected to pick up again after 2020, in line with the recovery in demand and a reduced supply.
The mean price of Brent, WTI, and Dubai crude oil fell by an average of 10.2 percent in 2019. Specifically, the price of Brent international benchmark crude oil in 2019 was USD64 per barrel, almost USD7 per barrel below the 2018 average. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) U.S. crude averaged USD57 per barrel in 2019, almost USD8 lower than in 2018, while the price of Dubai crude oil averaged USD63.2, USD6 lower than in 2018.
A new gas deposit was discovered at the Leningradskoye field of the Yamal gas production center, Gazprom said on October 8, 2020.
As a result of drilling and testing of an exploratory well, commercial gas inflow of approximately 600,000 cubic meters per day has been achieved. This proves that the new deposit contains considerable volumes of gas. The commercial value of the field is therefore much higher today than in the past.
This is the fourth major discovery made by Gazprom in the past two years on the Yamal Peninsula shelf in the Kara Sea.
The company will calculate the newly discovered reserves of the Leningrad Field and submit the results to the State Reserves Commission for registration in the State Register.
A working meeting between Alexei Miller, chairman of the Gazprom Management Committee, and Vagit Alekperov, president of Lukoil, took place in St. Petersburg on October 1, 2020.
The parties discussed current issues of cooperation, including further steps to prepare the development of the Vaneyvisskoye and Layavozhskoye fields.
Gazprom and Lukoil are bound by the General Agreement on Strategic Partnership from 2014 to 2024, under which Lukoil supplies gas to Gazprom’s gas transmission system.
In 2018, Gazprom and Lukoil signed an agreement setting out the parties’ intention to jointly develop the Vaneyvisskoye and Layavozhskoye fields in the Nenets autonomous district.
PetroNeft, an oil and gas exploration company operating in Russia’s Tomsk region, has announced the successful test of a mini-oil refinery ahead of the projected timeline. The company owns and operates 50 percent of licenses 61 and 67 in the region. The successful test of a mini-refinery processing unit took place on license area 61, with regulatory approval expected by the first quarter of 2021. The project significantly reduces operating costs.
In January 2020, the company started the construction of a mini-oil processing plant on license area 61 to obviate having to purchase significant quantities of diesel fuel needed for machinery and power generation in production facilities, especially in the winter months. The project will reduce operational costs by more than USD600,000 by 2021. It will also further improve the profitability of the company by allowing the sale of surplus products on the local market at a significant premium to unrefined barrels.
On October 8, 2020, HMS Group, the leading manufacturer of pumping, oil and gas equipment, compressors and flow control solutions, and related systems in Russia and the C.I.S., announced its financial results for the six months ending June 30, 2020.
Financial highlights for first six months of 2020
• Turnover: 19.5 billion rubles (minus 17 percent against previous year);
• EBITDA: 2.1 billion rubles (plus eight percent against previous year), EBITDA margin at 10.8 percent;
• Operating profit: 524 million rubles (minus 13 percent);
• Loss for the period: 314 million rubles;
• Total debt: 22.8 billion rubles (plus 14 percent against previous year);
• Net debt: 16.2 billion rubles (plus 4.0 percent against previous year);
• Net debt to EBITDA LTM (most recently completed 12-month period): 3.25x.
On October 6, 2020, Volga Gas plc, the oil and gas exploration and production company operating in the Volga region of Russia, announced the potentially significant discovery of a new oilfield as part of its ongoing exploration drilling program.
As announced on August 14, 2020 and published in the interim report of September 30, 2020, the Group is conducting a program to drill six exploration wells within its Karpenskiy License Area in structures separate from its existing oil reserves in the Uzen Field.
The presence of oil has been detected in a Triassic sandstone formation in a well in the north of the Uzen field.
Transneft, the world’s largest oil pipeline company, published consolidated IFRS interim results for the second quarter of 2020 and the first half of the year on its official website for investors and shareholders on October 2, 2020.
A particular feature of the first half of 2020 was the combination of strong results in the first quarter of 2020 and a significant reduction in key operational and financial indicators in the second quarter of 2020 due to a significant decrease in Russian oil production and, therefore, in the transport volume through the Transneft system under the OPEC+ agreement of May 1, 2020.
Crude oil shipments declined by 7.1 million tons, or six percent year-on-year, and by 11.2 million tons, or nine percent year-on-year, to 109.0 million tons in the second quarter of 2020.
The Tatneft Group produced 2,104 thousand tons of crude oil in September, and the production volume since the beginning of the year amounted to 19,548 thousand tons, which was 2,803.7 thousand tons less than in the same period of 2019.
Tatneft’s production in September amounted to 2,078 thousand tons of crude oil, and the company’s production since the beginning of the year amounted to 19,307 thousand tons (a decrease of 2,799 thousand tons compared to the corresponding period of 2019). Tatneft’s production from license areas outside Tatarstan amounted to 25,000 tons in September and since the beginning of the year to 240.7 thousand tons, a decrease of 4.05 thousand tons compared to the corresponding production volume in 2019. The production volume of high-viscosity oil in September was 284.9 thousand tons and since the beginning of the year 2,468 thousand tons, which is 501.1 thousand tons more than the volume for the corresponding period of 2019.
The Omsk oil refinery of Gazpromneft in Siberia, Russia, has significantly reduced its air emissions through the use of BELCO wet washing technology licensed from DuPont Clean Technologies, the Russian company announced on October 1, 2020. With an installed capacity of 22.23 million tons of oil per year, the Omsk oil refinery is one of Russia’s leading refineries.
The BELCO wet scrubbing technology was installed in Omsk during the conversion of the Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU). It efficiently removes contaminants from the exhaust gases emitted by the FCCU, thereby reducing air emissions well below the detection limit.
On September 23, 2020, Lukoil shared its successful experience in integrating digital technologies into hydrocarbon production with Russian experts and businessmen at the 11th Tyumen Oil and Gas Forum. The project to digitize the company’s production offers integrated field models that enable the management of oil and gas facilities to be optimized. These digital models contribute to the efficient production of hydrocarbons in the fields of the Bolshevik basin (Yamal-Nenets autonomous district) and the Yuzhno-Yagunskoye field (Khanty-Mansi autonomous district, Yugra), where an integrated operations center has been established. Similar centers are being built at the production facilities of Povkhneftegaz and Pokachevneftegaz in Western Siberia.
In September 2020, Salym Petroleum Development drilled its 1,500th well since the Salym Group began exploring oilfields in 2003. The anniversary well is 2,493 meters deep and has an S-shaped profile. It was drilled in an area of the upper Salym field developed as part of the South Hub project. Sibirskaya Servisnaya Kompaniya (SSK), one of the drilling companies of the SPD group, carried out the drilling.
Shale gas production is expected to continue in just a few countries around the world besides the United States.
On November 19, 2019, the Gazprom board of directors took note of the information regarding the growth prospects of the shale gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry across the world, as well as the opportunities and the threats facing the company.
It was highlighted that the share of the United States in the global shale gas production exceeded 95 percent in 2018. According to current forecasts, the U.S. will remain the main producer of shale gas for the long term.
It is expected that shale gas production outside of North America will not have a significant impact on the global gas market configuration and Gazprom’s future export activities, as far out as 2030.
Rosneft’s nine-month net income jumped by 25 percent year-on-year to RUB550 billion, including a quarter-on-quarter increase to RUB225 billion in the third quarter of 2019.
In the third quarter of 2019, the EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) increased by 7.6 percent quarter-on-quarter to RUB554 billion with a margin improvement to 24.4 percent. In the third quarter, FCF (free cash flow) more than doubled quarter-on-quarter to RUB281 billion. Financial debt and trading liabilities decreased by RUB820 billion since the year’s beginning.
Q3 & 9M 2019 IFRS results
Novatek announces consolidated IFRS results for Q3 and 9M 2019.
In the third quarter of 2019, Novatek’s total revenues and its normalized EBITDA, including the company’s share in the EBITDA of its joint ventures, amounted to RUB189.2 billion and RUB104.5 billion, respectively, representing decreases of 13.8 percent and 11.5 percent as compared to the prior year’s corresponding period. The decreases were primarily due to lower hydrocarbons sales prices on international markets in 2019, which were largely offset by an increase in the company’s natural gas sales volumes due to the production launch at the second and third LNG trains at Yamal LNG in July and November 2018, respectively.
Gazprom posts IFRS net profit of RUB1.10 trillion in 9M 2019.
On November 29, 2019, PJSC Gazprom issued its unaudited consolidated interim condensed financial information prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34 Interim Financial Reporting (IAS 34) for the nine months ended on September 30, 2019.
Sales (net of excise tax, VAT, and customs duties) decreased by RUB203,252 million, or three percent, to RUB5,698,339 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the corresponding period of the prior year. The decrease in sales was mainly due to a change in volumes sold and a change in average prices.
The U.S. Secretary of Energy and former Texas Governor Rick Perry told reporters at the CERAWeek Energy Conference (hosted by IHS Markit), which was held in Houston from March 11 to 15, that the United States does not rule out introducing new sanctions against Russia and other countries supporting the Maduro government in Venezuela.
In answering a question from a TASS reporter, Rick Perry first spoke fondly of his time in Russia and praised Smoke BBQ restaurant in St. Petersburg, which he visited on his prior trip. In what amounted to an advertisement of the Russian restaurant, the Energy Secretary said that the barbecue at Smoke BBQ was simply superb, suggesting that the owners must have traveled to Texas to learn how to make real barbecue.
Gazprom held its 14th annual Investor Day in Hong Kong (February 26) and Singapore (February 28).
Taking part in the events were Andrey Kruglov, deputy chairman of Gazprom’s management committee, Oleg Aksyutin, member of the management committee and department head at Gazprom, Elena Burmistrova, director general of Gazprom Export, and representatives of the company’s relevant subdivisions and its subsidiaries Gazprom Neft and Gazprom Energoholding.
The events were once again attended by representatives of the world’s leading investment funds and banks, as well as credit organizations from the Asia-Pacific region, continental Europe, the U.K., the U.S., and Russia, including analysts from Bank of America Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, Sova Capital Limited, and Gazprombank.
The livestream of the Investor Day was also available on the internet.
On February 27, 2019, Alexey Miller, chairman of Gazprom’s management committee, and Dmitry Rogozin, director general of State Space Corporation Roscosmos, held a joint meeting in Moscow on the prospects for further cooperation. The event was attended by heads of the relevant subdivisions and subsidiaries of the company and the state corporation. The cooperation between Gazprom and Roscosmos is strategic in nature. Specifically, Russia’s Unified Gas Supply System operates with the use of about 500 gas compressor units developed by RPA Iskra (part of Roscosmos).
Rosneft Deutschland GmbH, a Rosneft subsidiary, started direct marketing operations in order to increase the company’s efficiency. The company markets all refined products produced by Rosneft Deutschland at three refineries in Germany. The products range includes gasoline, diesel, heating oil, jet fuel, LPG, bitumen, fuel oil, and petrochemical products.
Rosneft Deutschland markets oil products not only from the three refineries directly, but also from more than 30 lifting locations throughout Germany via road, rail, and barge. Rosneft Deutschland has an established client base of more than 500 customers in Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Switzerland, Austria, and France.
In 2018, RN-Bunker, a subsidiary of Rosneft Oil Company, increased its bunker oil sales by 10 percent year-on-year to 3.2 million tons.
The increase in the bunker oil sales volumes was due to the company’s efficient operations, customer service expansion, and cooperation development with major foreign and Russian consumers, including those in the Far East ports.
Furthermore, in 2018, RN-Bunker managed to increase its bunkering volume in ports of Kaliningrad (2.6x) and the Caucasus (almost 1.5x). In addition, last year long-term contracts were signed with key domestic consumers, such as Rosmorport, Russian Fishery Company, and Morspassluzhba.
The Fifth OPEC and non-OPEC Ministerial Meeting was held in Vienna, Austria, on December 7, 2018, under the co-chairmanship of OPEC’s President, HE Suhail Mohamed Al Mazrouei, Minister of Energy and Industry of the United Arab Emirates and head of its delegation, and Alexander Novak, Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation.
The meeting recalled the rights of the peoples and nations to permanent sovereignty over their natural wealth and resources.
Lukoil announced the results of the reserves assessment and independent audit as of December 31, 2018.
According to the SEC classification, the company’s proven hydrocarbon reserves totaled 15.9 billion barrels of oil equivalent, 76 percent of which stood for liquids. The proven reserves replacement ratio for liquids totaled 101 percent. In Russia, the main region of Lukoil’s operations, the replacement ratio reached 127 percent. The company’s proven hydrocarbon reserves life is 19 years.
As a result of geological exploration and production drilling conducted in 2018, Lukoil added 576 million barrels of oil equivalent to proven reserves with the largest contribution from production drilling in West Siberia and Timan-Pechora.
In 2018, NOVATEK’s total revenues amounted to RUB831.8 billion and the normalized EBITDA, including the share in the EBITDA of the entity’s joint ventures, totaled RUB415.3 billion, representing year-on-year increases of 42.6 percent and 61.9 percent, respectively. The increases in total revenues and the normalized EBITDA were largely due to a production launch at the first three LNG trains at Yamal LNG and a favorable macro-economic environment with increases in average realized liquids and natural gas prices.
On April 30, 2018, the deep-water pipelay for the first line of the TurkStream offshore gas pipeline has been completed off Turkey’s Black Sea coast.
The average rate of the deep-water pipelay carried out by the pipelaying vessel Pioneering Spirit was 4.3 kilometers per day. The maximum pipelaying rate of 5.6 kilometers per day was reached two times in February 2018.
In accordance with the schedule, the project is being simultaneously implemented onshore in Russia and Turkey and in the Black Sea. The receiving terminal is being constructed near the settlement of Kiyikoy, Turkey. Upon the completion of the landfall sections, work on the first line will be completed. Following the schedule, Pioneering Spirit will continue the deep-water pipelay of line two in the third quarter of 2018.
On May 31, 2018, Gazprom’s management committee completed the review of operating results of the company’s subsidiaries over the period of months spanning the fall of 2017 and the winter of 2018, finalizing the discussion of measures to be taken to ensure uninterrupted gas supplies to consumers during the upcoming winter.
The committee noted that in the past winter Gazprom provided reliable gas deliveries to consumers in Russia and abroad.
Gazprom supplied gas to domestic consumers without restrictions. Particular attention was paid to gas deliveries for socially significant facilities, public utility enterprises, and the general population.
From October 2017 through March 2018, gas demand showed considerable growth in Europe and in Turkey. Overall gas supplies rose by 3.8 percent compared to the previous fall/winter season, reaching 107.4 billion cubic meters.
On June 5, 2018, the chairman of Gazprom’s management committee Alexey Miller and the chairman of OMV’s executive board Rainer Seele signed an agreement to extend until 2040 the existing contract between Gazprom Export and OMV Gas Marketing & Trading GmbH for Russian gas supplies to Austria. The original contract was valid until 2028.
Russia’s President Vladimir Putin and Austria’s Federal Chancellor Sebastian Kurz attended the signing as part of celebrations marking 50 years of supplies of Russian gas to Austria.
“The Agreement signed today is yet another testament to the growing need for gas imports both in Austria and in Europe in general – the need that Gazprom is ready to satisfy. By implementing the construction project for the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline, we will make gas deliveries even more reliable for the benefit of consumers,” Alexey Miller said.
The chairman of Gazprom’s management committee Alexey Miller and the chairman of the board of executive directors of BASF Martin Brudermueller had a working meeting in St. Petersburg on May 28, 2018. The meeting covered a broad range of issues related to the companies’ cooperation, including joint projects for hydrocarbon development in Russia.
Alexey Miller and Martin Brudermueller discussed the Nord Stream gas pipeline that has been brought into operation. It was noted that the pipeline provided reliable supplies of Russian gas to thousands of companies and millions of households across Europe every day. The parties also addressed the implementation of the Nord Stream 2 project.
BASF is a leader in the global chemical industry. The company’s portfolio includes oil and gas, chemicals, synthetics, and petroleum derivatives.
On May 26, 2018, Gazprom and the government of Turkey signed a protocol for the construction of the onshore section of the TurkStream gas pipeline. The pipeline will deliver Russian gas to European consumers. As a follow-up to the protocol, Gazprom and Botas inked an agreement detailing the terms and conditions of the construction work. TurkAkim Gaz Tasima A.S., a joint venture that will be established on equal terms, will build the onshore section.
In addition, Gazprom Export and Botas signed documents to settle out of court the ongoing arbitration dispute on the contract terms of Russia’s gas supplies to Turkey. The arbitration will be resolved shortly.
A working meeting between the chairman of Gazprom’s management committee Alexey Miller and the CEO of Edison and executive vice president of the EDF Group Marc Benayoun took place on May 25, 2018 at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum.
The parties addressed the ongoing interaction in the energy sector, in particular the implementation of the two sides’ cooperation agreement and the status of the TurkStream and the Poseidon projects.
Edison is a part of the EDF Group. Its core businesses include the procurement, production, and sale of electricity, the provision of energy and environmental services, as well as exploration and production.
On May 25, 2018, director general of Gazprom Energoholding Denis Fyodorov and the chief financial officer of Siemens Alexander Liberov signed a strategic cooperation agreement. The agreement sets out the main directions and principles of cooperation in the field of technological upgrades of Gazprom Energoholding’s generating facilities with the use of Siemens-manufactured innovative electrical equipment. Specifically, one of the priority areas of joint work is the introduction of vacuum generator switches and high-tech components in the construction and upgrading of power units.
Siemens plans to set up its manufacturing facilities to make that equipment in Russia and bring the local content of its finished products to at least 50 percent by 2020, with an option for a phased increase to 75 percent by 2022.
On April 26, 2018, Gazprom published its audited consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for the year that ended on December 31, 2017.
Total sales (net of excise tax, VAT, and customs duties) increased by RUB435,092 million, or seven percent, to RUB6,546,143 million for the year that ended on December 31, 2017 compared to the year that ended on December 31, 2016. The increase in sales was mainly driven by an increase in sales of refined products and crude oil.
On April 12, 2018, Gazprom’s management committee endorsed the proposal to convene the company’s annual general shareholders meeting in St. Petersburg. In addition, the management committee approved the proposals on the format and the content of voting ballots and the wording of decisions on the meeting’s agenda.
The management committee submitted to the Gazprom’s board of directors the company’s annual accounting statements for 2017 compiled in accordance with the Russian law, as well as the drafts of the shareholders’ meeting agenda and the distribution sheet allocating Gazprom’s profit based on the 2017 operating results.
On May 14, 2018, Rosneft released its first quarter results for 2018. The company’s average daily hydrocarbon production stood at 5.71 million barrels of oil equivalent (mmboe), which is a figure close to the level observed in the first quarter of 2017. Liquids production increased 0.3 percent quarter-on-quarter. Gas production in the reporting period amounted to 16.9 billion cubic meters (bcm). The company also managed to achieve refining quality improvement with the light products yield reaching 58.8 percent and the refining depth increasing to 75.4 percent.
Upstream
Hydrocarbon production at Rosneft reached 5.71 mmboed in the first quarter of 2018, remaining close to the level observed in the fourth quarter of 2017.
On May 1, 2018, Rosneft’s board of directors approved additional provisions to Rosneft-2022 strategy that followed the annual address of Russia’s President Vladimir Putin to the Federal Assembly.
As previously announced, the key strategic focus of Rosneft-2022 is to increase the company’s profitability and the oil major’s returns on existing assets. The company’s portfolio is comprised of high-yield investments having the primary objectives of ensuring delivery on time and on budget. Rosneft’s other initiatives include employee development programs, educational and social projects, regional development programs, as well as accelerated technological advancement.
On May 25, 2018, during the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, Rosneft and Bashneftegeofizika signed an agreement for working together in developing high-tech LWD (logging while drilling) equipment for horizontal well drilling, as well as equipment for pay zone well testing in the exploration drilling of oil and gas wells.
The volume and complexity of the construction of horizontal wells at Rosneft’s fields in recent years has been constantly increasing. The share of horizontal wells in the overall number of the wells drilled increased to 36 percent in 2017. The number of new horizontal wells with multistage hydraulic fracturing increased by 67 percent. For instance, in the first quarter of 2018, the number of new horizontal wells with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing that were put into operation increased by more than 65 percent compared to the first quarter of 2017.
Bashneft International B.V., a Rosneft subsidiary, has discovered a new oilfield named Salman, following the drilling of the first exploration well in Block 12 in Iraq, the oil major announced on May 23, 2018.
The exploration well was successfully drilled to the depth of 4,277 meters, resulting in an oil flow that makes reserves apparent.
The company considers this discovery an important landmark in upstream projects abroad.
Block 12 is located in southwest Iraq, in an unexplored area of the Arabian Plate, approximately 80 km to the south of the city of As-Samawah and 130 km to the west of the city of Nasiriyah. It has an area of 7,680 sq. km. Bashneft International B.V. is an operator of the project.
Rosneft has opened an international research and development (R&D) center in Qatar, which will become a full-scale representative office of the company. The new office will perform scientific and technical activities, as well as promote the company’s business in the region.
The research and development center will be located at the Qatar Science and Technology Park (QSTP), which is a part of the Qatar Foundation (QF).
QSTP is one of the world’s leading science incubators that provides a unique economic environment for enterprises engaged in the development and the implementation of new technologies, including those in the energy sector.
On May 28, 2018, Lukoil released its condensed interim consolidated financial statements for the three-month period that ended on March 31, 2018 prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
In the first quarter of 2018 the company’s sales were RUB1,630.7 billion, 13.9 percent higher year-on-year, mainly as a result of higher hydrocarbon prices. Lower refined products trading volumes, inventory build-up and a stronger ruble negatively impacted sales dynamics. The company’s sales decreased by 1.9 percent quarter-on-quarter as a consequence of lower oil trading volumes.
EBITDA
On April 27, 2018, Lukoil announced that the company completed the installation of a wellhead platform’s topside at the Yury Korchagin field. The Korchagin field, which is now in phase two of its development, lies within the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea.
The wellhead platform is a satellite platform designed to drill wells in the eastern part of the field. Drilling at phase two sites is expected to start by the summer months.
Apart from hosting processing equipment, the platform is equipped with safety systems, living personnel quarters, and a helideck. As most of the operations are automated, only eight workspaces are designed for the temporary stay of the personnel.
The oil and gas produced will be transported to the host platform through subsea pipelines and treated for delivery onshore.
Lukoil’s cumulative production of oil in Russia exceeded two billion tons, the company reported on February 1, 2018. The company’s Russian projects produced jointly no less than 80 million tons of oil annually in the past 14 years.
The first billion tons of oil was produced by Lukoil in 2006, fifteen years after the company was established. The milestone of two billion tons was reached eleven years later.
The uptick in production can be attributed to the recent commissioning of major oilfields, including the Vladimir Filanovsky field in the Caspian Sea, the Pyakyakhinskoye field on the Yamal Peninsula, and the Imilorskoye field in Western Siberia. New technologies have made it possible to increase significantly the production of hard-to-extract hydrocarbons, for instance the super-viscous oil at the Yarega field within the Komi republic.
On February 16, 2018, Lukoil announced the results of the company’s oil and gas reserves assessment done as part of an independent audit. According to the SEC (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission) standards, the company’s proved hydrocarbon reserves as of December 31, 2017 totaled 16.0 billion barrels of oil equivalent, 75 percent of which were oil reserves. The company’s proved reserves life is 19 years.
On May 18, 2018, the board of directors of Novatek resolved to create a transportation subsidiary called Maritime Arctic Transport LLC to manage and optimize transportation costs, build up Arctic navigation skills, and provide for centralized management of the company’s Arctic fleet.
Novatek’s management board chairman Leonid Mikhelson said, “Novatek’s long-term development strategy envisages a significant growth in LNG production from the company’s vast hydrocarbon resource base located on the Yamal and the Gydan peninsulas in the Arctic zone of more than 55 million tons per annum by 2030. Therefore, establishing an efficient Northern Sea Route shipping model is one of the company’s key priorities to realize the long-term strategy. Creating the company’s own shipping company fully supports this goal and will optimize transportation cost and ensure a well-balanced, centralized management structure to improve the competitiveness of Novatek’s Arctic projects.”
On May 24, 2018, Novatek’s management board chairman Leonid Mikhelson and Total’s chairman and chief executive officer Patrick Pouyannе signed a binding agreement for working together on the Arctic LNG 2 project.
The agreement provides for Total’s acquisition of a 10-percent participation interest in the project, together with a five-percent option that may be exercised in case Novatek decides to decrease its participation interest below 60 percent. The project’s value has been estimated at 25.5 billion dollars.
On March 27, 2018, Novatek announced that Novatek Gas and Power Asia Pte. Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of the company, shipped its first cargo of LNG produced by the Yamal LNG project to the Indian market.
Novatek’s first deputy chairman of the management board Lev Feodosyev said, “One of the company’s core priorities enumerated in the company’s corporate strategy 2030 is the expansion of the supply geography and the growth of the company’s presence in key Asian markets. The first cargo delivered to the growing Indian market is an important development step in this direction.”
On April 25, 2018, Novatek released its consolidated interim condensed financial statements for the three months that ended on March 31, 2018 prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
In the first quarter of 2018, the company’s total revenues amounted to RUB179.4 billion and its normalized EBITDA, including the company’s share in the EBITDA of the joint ventures, totaled RUB76.3 billion. These figures represented year-on-year increases of 16.0 percent and 11.9 percent, respectively. The increases in the company’s total revenues and the normalized EBITDA were largely due to the launch of production at the first LNG train at Yamal LNG at the end of 2017 and an increase in the average realized liquids and natural gas prices.
On June 1, 2018, Transneft released consolidated interim condensed financial statements prepared according to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for the three months that ended on March 31, 2018. Crude oil delivery for the three months that ended on March 31, 2018 amounted to 116.5 million tons, 1.2 million tons or 1.0 percent down year-on-year. Oil freight turnover decreased by 1.8 billion ton-km or by 0.6 percent.
Petroleum products deliveries for the three months that ended on March 31, 2018 came to 9.9 million tons. The growth year-on-year amounted to 1.8 million tons, or 22.2 percent.
Transneft’s revenue grew by RUB6.2 billion, or 2.8 percent, mainly due to higher revenues from oil transportation, exports, and other earnings.
On May 29, 2018, Tatneft’s management, headed by the company’s general director Nail Maganov held a meeting with institutional investors in Kazan. Investors were represented by managers and analysts of large investment companies from the U.S., Great Britain, Germany, Sweden, and Singapore. Investment bank Goldman Sachs organized the group’s visit to Tatarstan.
During the meeting, which was held in an open discussion format, the participants talked about the company’s operational and financial results, its production and investment plans, its dividend policy, as well as other issues.
On April 5, 2018, Transneft announced that it commissioned the Volgograd Refinery – Tinguta – Tikhoretsk – Novorossiysk petroleum products trunk pipelines (PPTPs), a part of the company’s Yug project.
The implementation of the Yug project entails creating an infrastructure suitable for both pipeline transportation of diesel fuel in the direction of Novorossiysk, a Russian port, and for exporting up to six million tons of crude oil per year from Russia’s Black Sea coast to European countries. The commissioning of the Yug project’s PPTPs was preceded by successful system tests at peak oil pumping modes using an agent, with a number of technical measures taken during the trial.
On May 8, 2018, Tatneft published its unaudited consolidated interim condensed financial statements for the three months that ended March 31, 2018, prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) and a related financial analysis done by company management (“MD&A”).
In the first quarter of 2018, Tatneft produced 7.1 million tons, or 50.6 million barrels (MMbbl) of crude oil and 223.3 million cubic meters of gas. The TANECO refinery’s output in the first quarter of 2018 was 2.2 million tons of refined products.
The company said that the gas produced will be exported in the form of liquefied natural gas.
Rosneft plans to carry on production at two fields offshore Venezuela for 15 years, averaging at 6.5 billion cubic meters of gas per year. The gas produced will be exported in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG), the Russian oil company reported on December 17.
According to the company’s statement, Venezuelan authorities gave a Rosneft subsidiary, a license to develop the offshore fields of Patan and Mejillones for 30 years.
According to the license, Groupo Rosneft will be the project operator and will be able to export all the volumes produced, in the form of LNG among other options. The gas reserves in place for the two fields are 180 billion cubic meters. The targeted production level is 6.5 billion cubic meters of gas per year for 15 years,” the company stated.
At the same time, Ministry of Economic Development predicts a gradual decline in oil prices in 2018.
The average price of the Urals-brand crude oil totaled 52.17 dollars per barrel from January to November 2017, according to a report by the Russian Ministry of Finance published on December 1.
In the corresponding period of the previous year, the average price of a barrel of the Urals-brand crude oil stood at 41.02 dollar. As such, on an annualized basis, for the first 11 months of the current year, the increase in the average price of the Urals oil was 27.2 percent.
The average price of the Urals-brand oil in November 2017 was 61.97 dollars per barrel, which is 1.41 times higher than a year earlier.
The chairman of Gazprom’s board of directors Viktor Zubkov said that the concern relies on companies from the defense industry.
Gazprom relies on the Russian defense industry to develop technologies and equipment for offshore operations, the chairman of Gazprom’s board of directors Viktor Zubkov said while taking part in launching the Leaders of Russia competition in Rostov-on-Don on December 11, 2017.
“We did not have all of these technologies [for gas production at sea]. Now, through the association of Russian companies that are developing equipment for Gazprom and with the involvement of defense sector companies, we are creating these technologies. We need to get all the thinking, all research, all development knowhow to produce on deep shelves,” Zubkov said.
Processing volumes in the reporting period will stand at 39.7 million tons.
By the end of 2017, Gazprom Neft plans to increase the production of hydrocarbons some 4.2 percent relative to the previous year. Volumes are expected to go up to 89.8 million tons of oil equivalent, the company said on December 25, 2017.
“In 2017, the volume of hydrocarbon production of Gazprom Neft will be 89.8 million tons of oil equivalent, which is 4.2 percent higher than the volume of production registered in 2016. The annual volume of processing according to preliminary estimates is expected to reach 39.7 million tons,” the company’s statement said.
The development of new large-scale projects in the Arctic region, such as the Novoportovskoye, the East Messoyakhskoye, and the Prirazlomnoye fields have made the largest contribution to increasing hydrocarbon production in 2017.
From January 1 to August 15, 2017, Gazprom’s gas supplies to the countries that will be serviced by the future Turkish Stream pipeline rose up markedly. In particular, Russian gas supplies to Turkey, Southern, and Southeastern Europe increased against the corresponding period of 2016 as follows: exports to Turkey increased by 22.4 percent, to Greece by 13.2 percent, to Serbia by 40.8 percent, to Bulgaria by 11.1 percent, and to Hungary by 24.4 percent.
The volume of Russian gas exports to foreign countries increased from January 1 to August 15, 2017 by 12.7 billion cubic meters, or 12 percent, relative to the corresponding period of the prior year, up to 118.3 billion cubic meters (4.17 tcf).
The U.S.-based oil giant ExxonMobil has challenged the decision of the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the U.S. Treasury Department that imposed a fine on the company for violating the sanctions against Russia, the company said in a statement on July 20, 2017.
The U.S. Department of the Treasury fined ExxonMobil a total of two million dollars for violating anti-Russian sanctions related to Ukraine. OFAC’s statement said that the company was punished for signing eight documents in May 2014 with the president of Rosneft Igor Sechin, who had been included on the American sanctions list. The divisions of the U.S. company involved in the deals with Rosneft are ExxonMobil Development Co. and ExxonMobil Oil Corp.
The U.S. State Department later said that the former head of ExxonMobil and the U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson did not participate in the Treasury Department’s imposition of penalties against the company.
In August 2017, Russia maintained the leading position in world oil production, producing on average 10.608 million barrels of oil per day, Rosstat data released on October 23, 2017 demonstrate. Russia’s daily production stood ahead of Saudi Arabia’s output for the sixth month in a row. Saudi Arabia’s extraction volume in August was in the second place, with 10.022 million barrels of oil per day.
In the reporting period, the OPEC countries produced 32.755 million barrels a day on average. Iraq’s production stood at 4.448 million barrels. Experts believe that Saudi oil exports will continue decreasing because the country’s crude stockpiles are being drawn down.
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) has called on shale oil producing companies in the U.S. to join the agreement on reducing production. The OPEC’s Secretary General Muhammad Barkindo made the request in a speech at the CERAWeek conference in New Delhi on September 26, 2017. He has called on producers in the U.S. “to show responsibility” and not to allow for the collapse of the price of oil.
“We urge our friends in the shale basins of North America to take this shared responsibility with all seriousness it deserves, as one of the key lessons learned from the current unique supply-driven cycle,” Secretary General Barkindo said at the conference.
He explained that the need to decrease production comes as a result of the market’s oversaturation. In Mr. Barkindo’s words, the oil supply hasn’t reached a balance in the nine months that the Russia-OPEC agreement has been in effect.
In the timeframe from January 1 to July 15, 2017, Gazprom increased gas production by 18.8 percent against the corresponding period of the previous year. The company extracted 248.8 billion cubic meters of gas (8.7 tcf), which is 39.3 billion cubic meters (1.3 tcf) more than the figure reported last year, the gas company’s July 17, 2017 press release said.
Over the reporting period, exports of Russia’s gas to foreign countries increased by 11.3 billion cubic meters (0.4 tcf), or 12.3 percent year-on-year. Deliveries to the countries of Northwest and Central Europe have increased overall. In particular, supplies to Germany rose by 16.7 percent, to Austria by 77.2 percent, to the Czech Republic by 24.8 percent, and to Slovakia by 25.8 percent.
According to Rosneft’s published materials, the company’s program until the year 2022 entails drilling ten search wells and undertaking exploratory works at license areas in the Far East and on the East Arctic shelf. Rosneft’s total spending for exploration and production in the region are anticipated to reach RUB140 billion (USD2.37 billion) in the planning period, the company’s materials released September 8, 2017 suggest.
In the beginning of April, Rosneft started drilling a well at the northernmost Central Olginskaya-1 offshore field in the Khatanga license area in the East Arctic.
Rosneft intends to speed up exploratory drilling on the Arctic shelf, drilling four search wells in the Laptev Sea, and eight wells in the Karsky and the Barents seas. Rosneft now has 28 license areas on the Arctic shelf with total resources of 34 billion tons of oil equivalent. Rosneft’s share comprises 78 percent of total licensed areas in the Arctic.
Authorities in the U.S. are ready to prohibit the transfer of actual control over the Citgo oil refining company to Russia’s Rosneft, The Wall Street Journal reported on September 1, 2017. According to The Wall Street Journal, the White House stands ready to block the transaction for Rosneft’s receiving control over Citgo, which is the U.S.-based subsidiary of Venezuela’s state oil and gas company PDVSA. Moreover, some U.S. officials think that the report of Rosneft’s receiving a controlling stake in the company is likely to engender adverse legal consequences for Citgo.
While the U.S. implemented restrictive measures targeting Russia in connection with the situation in Ukraine, it did not absolutely prohibit American companies from participating in all unconventional projects.
Unconventional reserves include hard-to-extract resources that typically necessitate such techniques as hydraulic fracturing. In the years past, Russian oil companies looked to Western firms to supply the technology for effectively recovering unconventionals.
Despite the sanctions, the Norwegian multinational oil and gas company Statoil still develops Russian unconventional reserves. BP is also looking to undertake a similar project. The reason that the Western companies’ participation in Russia’s unconventional plays is not in breach of U.S. sanctions is that those Southeast Russian sites constitute limestone formations.
Rosneft predicts very low oil prices of USD40 to USD43 per barrel in 2018. Shale oil producers and also U.S. financial markets are likely to exert an impact on oil prices.
“One of the most essential factors, along with the active work of shale oil producers, is the great influence of U.S. financial markets on oil prices. The devaluation of the dollar is now at about 20 percent. To use the corresponding coefficients, the true price of oil is about USD40 per barrel,” Rosneft’s CEO Igor Sechin summed up on September 11, 2017.
At the beginning of 2015, the price of Brent crude oil fell to USD40 per barrel. This year, the lowest price of oil was USD44.3 per barrel, and the maximum price has been recorded at the beginning of this year at USD58.37 per barrel.
During the 9th BRICS Summit in China, Rosgeo and South Africa’s PetroSA agreed to work together on shelf projects, the Russian geological company announced on September 4, 2017.
In particular, the contract provides for exploration and development of blocks 9 and 11A of the southern continental shelf off the coast of South Africa. The agreement envisions a considerable exploratory phase. Three-dimensional seismic prospecting will cover more than 4,000 square kilometers, while gravity-magnetic prospecting will span over 13,000 kilometers. Rosgeo will also drill exploratory wells. The estimated volume of investment is about USD400 million.
Reserves in the region have been estimated at over 50 million tons of oil and over 400 billion cubic meters (14 tcf) of gas. Expected gas resources can reach as much as 1.2 trillion cubic meters (42.3 tcf).
The U.S. would not be able to replace Russia’s gas supplies to Europe, the Permanent Representative of Russia to the E.U. Vladimir Chizhov said on August 17, 2017. “Even if the U.S. delivered the liquefied gas (LNG) to Europe free of charge, they just wouldn’t have a chance to replace Russia’s deliveries,” Ambassador Chizhov elaborated.
The Permanent Representative named three reasons for why the U.S. couldn’t become an alternative to Russia.
“In the United States, the export terminal for the shipment of LNG is in Louisiana. The U.S. is yet to construct a half-dozen terminals in different parts of the country. Second, there is not enough gas. Third, in Europe there aren’t a lot of terminals that are ready to accept the liquefied gas, and there aren’t a lot of tankers for transporting it,” Ambassador Chizhov noted.
Gerhard Schröder confirmed his intention to hold a position on Rosneft’s board of directors. The ex-chancellor from the Social Democratic Party (SPD) said that the answer to his decision lay in his desire to make Germany and Europe energy-independent. He left open the question of whether he will hold the position as the chairman of Rosneft’s supervisory board.
The ex-politician called unreasonable the attempts to isolate Russia. “The demonizing of Russia won’t bring benefit to anybody,” he has emphasized. Mr. Schröder rejected the opinion that Rosneft is “a hand of the Russian government,” noting that the shareholders of the world’s largest oil company also include BP, Qatar, and Glencore. He has also emphasized that Russian representatives do not dominate Rosneft’s supervisory board.
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 93
|
https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kazakhstans-oil-and-gas-upstream-214755531.html
|
en
|
Kazakhstan's Oil and Gas Upstream
|
[
"https://www.prnewswire.com/content/dam/prnewswire/homepage/prn_cision_logo_desktop.png",
"https://www.prnewswire.com/content/dam/prnewswire/homepage/prn_cision_logo_mobile.png",
"https://www.prnewswire.com/content/dam/prnewswire/subject-and-industry-code-images/OIL.jpg",
"https://www.prnewswire.com/content/dam/prnewswire/subject-and-industry-code-images/GAS.jpg",
"https://www.prnewswire.com/content/dam/prnewswire/subject-and-industry-code-images/SVY.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Reportlinker"
] | null |
[] |
2013-07-09T11:32:00-04:00
|
/PRNewswire/ -- Reportlinker.com announces that a new market research report is available in its catalogue: Kazakhstan's Oil and Gas Upstream...
|
en
|
/content/dam/prnewswire/icons/2019-Q4-PRN-Icon-32-32.png
|
https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kazakhstans-oil-and-gas-upstream-214755531.html
|
http://www.reportlinker.com/p01543947/Kazakhstan's-Oil-and-Gas-Upstream.html#utm_source=prnewswire&utm_medium=pr&utm_campaign=Oil_and_Gas_energy
This is a report on petroleum exploration and production in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the companies engaged in that work. It provides comprehensive, practical information from contact details and historical performance of the companies to forecasts of drilling, production, and hydrocarbon exports for Kazakhstan as a whole.
Kazakhstan's Oil and Gas Upstream 2013 is the latest in annual reports based on RPI's many years of extensive experience and expertise monitoring and evaluating the region's petroleum industry. We have updated and released reports annually for six years. Like earlier reports, this 2013 issue provides insights into Kazakhstan's current petroleum market as well as areas of growth and contraction and their extent. The report forecasts production, exports, and development drilling in Kazakhstan, presenting over 50 maps with license blocks, proximity, and access to the oil and gas pipeline system operated by the Kazakh Committee for Geology and Subsoil Protection.
This new report offers detailed statistics on oil and gas exports by destination market, with data from 2011 and 2012 and brief forecasts for 2013-2020.
This report bases assumptions and projections of scenarios on indepth analysis of proprietary information.
Key sections of the report address the following:
Kazakhstan's petroleum market: production, refining, internal consumption, export, industry trends, and forecasts
The oil and gas pipeline system: condition, usage rates, and expansion projects
Investment climate in Kazakhstan: regulations, risks, and prospects for industry participants
Profiles of the 50 production companies operating in Kazakhstan: licenses, reserves, access to oil and gas infrastructure, production and export data, political and economic factors impinging on or promoting a company's growth
Kazakhstan's exploration and production drilling: scope of drilling, major customers and contractors, and forecasts of drilling to 2020
The study is indispensable for those evaluating opportunities to build or expand operations in Kazakhstan:
Oil and gas companies
Oilfield service companies
Equipment manufacturers and suppliers
Investment and financial institutions
Construction and engineering companies
Trading companies
Governmental and international energy bodies
This product is an important tool
For strategic decision-making by companies seeking to grow their businesses in Kazakhstan
For managerial decision-making by companies already present in Kazakhstan
For other disciplines seeking comprehensive, reliable information on Kazakhstan's petroleum sector
The study outlines the main trends in Kazakhstan's upstream sector in the period through 2020.
Chapter 1: Overview of Kazakhstan Oil and Gas Industry
1.1 Oil
Oil reserves and resources reserves
Oil production
Oil refining
Oil exports
Oil production outlook
Export potential
1.2 Gas
Gas reserves and resources
Gas production
Gas processing capacity
Gas consumption
Gas utilization
Gas export
Gas production outlook
Outlook for gas consumption, gas exports
1.3 Oil and gas transportation infrastructure
Oil transportation infrastructure
Outlook for development of export capacities
Gas transportation infrastructure
Key transport infrastructure projects
1.4 Investment Climate
Legislation
Taxation of subsoil users
Risks
Chapter 2: Kazakhstan's oil and gas companies
2.1. Aksai LLP JV
2.2. Altius Petroleum
2.3. ANACO LLP
2.4. Aral Petroleum Capital LLP
2.5. Arman LLP
2.6. Atyraumunaigas
2.7. Block N Consortium
2.8. Buzachi Operating Ltd.
2.9. Caspi Meruerty Operating Company B.V.
2.10. CNPC-Ai-Dan-Munai
2.11. CNPC-Aktobemunaigas JSC
2.12. Condor Petroleum Inc
2.13. Emir Oil LLC
2.14. Jupiter Energy Ltd.
2.15. Karachaganak Petroleum Operating (KPO)
2.16. Karakudukmunai LLP
2.17. Karazhanbasmunai JSC (CCEL)
2.18. Kazakhmys Petroleum
2.19. Kazakhoil-Aktobe LLP
2.20. Kazgermunai JV
2.21. KazKorMunai LLP (South Karpovsky block)
2.22. KazMunaiGas Exploration and Production (KMG EP)
2.23. Kazpetrol Group LLP
2.24. Kazpolmunai LLP and Tolkynneftegas LLP
2.25. Ken-Sary LLP
2.26. KMK Munai (former Lancaster Petroleum) JSC
2.27. KuatAmlonMunai JV (KAM)
2.28. Maersk Oil Kazakhstan GmbH
2.29. Maten Petroleum
2.30. Max Petroleum PLC
2.31. Meerbusch LLP
2.32. Mangistaumunaigas JV
2.33. MOL Hungarian Oil and Gas Plc.
2.34. North Caspian Operating Company B.V. (NCOC)
2.35. North Caspian Petroleum Ltd.
2.36. PETROLINVEST S.A.
2.37. Petrom S.A.
2.38. PetroKazakhstan Kumkol Resources JSC
2.39. Potential Oil
2.40. Roxi Petroleum PLC
2.41. Sagiz Petroleum Co
2.42. Saigak Kazakhstan B.V.
2.43. Sauts-Oil LLP
2.44. Tengizchevroil JV (TCO)
2.45. Tethys Petroleum Ltd. (TPL)
2.46. Turgai Petroleum CJSC
2.47. Urikhtau Operating LLP
2.48. Zhaikmunai LLP
2.49. Zhalgiztobemunai LLP
2.50. Zhambyl Petroleum LLP
Chapter 3: Drilling Market in Kazakhstan
3.1 Production drilling
3.2 Exploration drilling
3.3 Contractors
3.4 Drilling market prospects in Kazakhstan
APPENDIX 1: Maps of licensed deposits and blocks of hydrocarbon
West-Kazakhstan province
Aktobe province
Atyrau province
Mangistau province
Kostanai province
Kyzylorda province
Karaganda province
Zhambyl province
Almaty province
East-Kazakhstan province
South-Kazakhstan province
APPENDIX 2: Maps of main pipelines
West-Kazakhstan, Atyrau, Aktyubinsk provinces
Mangistau province
Kostanai, North-Kazakhstan, Akmolinsk, Karaganda provinces
Kyzylorda, South-Kazakhstan, Zhambyl province
Almaty province
Pavlodar, East-Kazakhstan provinces
APPENDIX 3: Table of abbreviations used in the report
APPENDIX 4: Comparative Classification of Hydrocarbon Reserves/Resources
Companies Mentioned
Aksai LLP JV
Altius Petroleum
ANACO LLP
Aral Petroleum Capital LLP
Arman LLP
Atyraumunaigas
Block N Consortium
Buzachi Operating Ltd.
Caspi Meruerty Operating Company B.V.
CNPC-Ai-Dan-Munai
CNPC-Aktobemunaigas JSC
Condor Petroleum Inc
Emir Oil LLC
Jupiter Energy Ltd.
Karachaganak Petroleum Operating (KPO)
Karakudukmunai LLP
Karazhanbasmunai JSC (CCEL)
Kazakhmys Petroleum
Kazakhoil-Aktobe LLP
Kazgermunai JV
KazKorMunai LLP (South Karpovsky block)
KazMunaiGas Exploration and Production (KMG EP)
Kazpetrol Group LLP
Kazpolmunai LLP and Tolkynneftegas LLP
Ken-Sary LLP
KMK Munai (former Lancaster Petroleum) JSC
KuatAmlonMunai JV (KAM)
Maersk Oil Kazakhstan GmbH
Maten Petroleum
Max Petroleum PLC
Meerbusch LLP
Mangistaumunaigas JV
MOL Hungarian Oil and Gas Plc.
North Caspian Operating Company B.V. (NCOC)
North Caspian Petroleum Ltd.
PETROLINVEST S.A.
Petrom S.A.
PetroKazakhstan Kumkol Resources JSC
Potential Oil
Roxi Petroleum PLC
Sagiz Petroleum Co
Saigak Kazakhstan B.V.
Sauts-Oil LLP
Tengizchevroil JV (TCO)
Tethys Petroleum Ltd. (TPL)
Turgai Petroleum CJSC
Urikhtau Operating LLP
Zhaikmunai LLP
Zhalgiztobemunai LLP
Zhambyl Petroleum LLP
To order this report:
Oil_and_Gas_energy Industry: Kazakhstan's Oil and Gas Upstream
__________________________
Contact Clare: [email protected]
US: (339) 368 6001
Intl: +1 339 368 6001
SOURCE Reportlinker
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 29
|
https://ipo.sk.kz/en/companies/kmg/
|
en
|
IPO АО «Самрук-Қазына»
|
https://ipo.sk.kz/en/favicon.ico?v1
|
https://ipo.sk.kz/en/favicon.ico?v1
|
[
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/91413749",
"https://ipo.sk.kz/local/templates/ipo_sk_main/img/logo.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"АО «Самрук-Қазына»",
"портал",
"новости",
"Фонд",
"инвестиционный холдинг"
] | null |
[] | null |
АО «Самрук-Қазына» представляет собой коммерческую структуру — инвестиционный холдинг, миссия которого заключается в повышении национального благосостояния Республики Казахстан и обеспечении долгосрочной устойчивости для будущих поколений
|
en
|
/en/favicon.ico?v1
| null | ||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 85
|
https://en.inform.kz/news/gas-production-increase-and-its-commercialization-in-spotlight-of-kmg-6f5917/
|
en
|
Gas production increase and its commercialization in spotlight of KMG
|
[
"https://en.inform.kz/static/img/plug.webp",
"https://en.inform.kz/static/img/plug-author.svg",
"https://en.inform.kz/static/img/enx.png",
"https://an.inform.kz/matomo.php?idsite=1&rec=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-02-29T14:38:00+00:00
|
Apart from active geological exploration and oil production stabilization, JSC KazMunayGas focuses on gas production increase and its commercialization. Chairman of the KMG Management Board Magzum Mirzagaliyev said it in an interview with the company’s press service, Kazinform News Agency reports.
|
en
|
/static/img/favicon16x16.svg
|
en.inform.kz
|
https://en.inform.kz/news/gas-production-increase-and-its-commercialization-in-spotlight-of-kmg-6f5917/
|
“KazMunayGas is actively working on exploration and launch of new [gas - edit] fields. We understand the importance of gas production for Kazakhstan. Gas consumption in the country increases at rapid paces due to active gasification and using gas for heating purposes by retail consumers,” Magzum Mirzagaliyev said.
According to him, the company set to elaborating its gas strategy, as per which gas production both from operating and exploration assets will be raised.
“At the moment, growth potential, according to our estimates, could amount to additional 6.7 billion cubic meters of gas per year by 2030, without consideration of large projects - Tengiz, Karachaganak and Kashagan,” he noted.
He reminded of the launch of three new gas fields last year – Rozhkovskoye in West Kazakhstan region, Aksai Yuzhny in Kyzylorda region, and Vostochnyi Urikhtau in Aktobe region.
In his words, the introduction of the Improved Model Contract significantly contributed to increasing the gas projects’ attractiveness.
Apart from the abovementioned projects, the Gas Strategy includes Central Urikhtau gas field with the production potential at 900 million cubic meters per year, Zapadnaya Prorva and Kalamkas fields with the annual capacity of 1.1 billion cubic meters.
Besides, KMG implements a number of exploration projects which may hugely raise the country’s natural gas output. They are Karaton Podsolevoy and Turgai Paleozoi fields, where exploration well drilling works will be carried out in 2024
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 24
|
https://www.zacks.com/stock/news/2296816/chevron-cvx-qazaqgaz-sign-a-gas-exploration-agreement
|
en
|
Chevron (CVX), QazaqGaz Sign a Gas Exploration Agreement
|
[
"https://staticx.zacks.com/images/zacks/logos/zacks_logo_200x57.png",
"https://staticx.zacks.com/images/zacks/logos/zacks_logo_200x57.png",
"https://staticx.zacks.com/images/zacks/logos/zacks_logo_200x57.png",
"https://staticx.zacks.com/images/zacks/logos/logo2014_tagstack-sitehead_232x92_2x.png",
"https://staticx.zacks.com/images/icons/general/trans.png",
"https://staticx-tuner.zacks.com/woas/adv/ztrade/zt-icon.png",
"https://staticx.zacks.com/images/zacks/icons/mobile_follow_btn.png",
"https://staticx.zacks.com/images/zacks/icons/st_icon.png",
"https://staticx.zacks.com/images/zacks/icons/mobile_follow_btn.png",
"https://staticx.zacks.com/images/icons/general/trans.png",
"https://staticx.zacks.com/images/icons/general/trans.png",
"https://staticx.zacks.com/images/icons/general/trans.png",
"https://staticx.zacks.com/images/icons/general/trans.png",
"https://staticx.zacks.com/images/icons/general/trans.png",
"https://staticx.zacks.com/images/icons/general/trans.png",
"https://staticx.zacks.com/images/zacks/logos/app_Store_Badge_US-UK_RGB_blk_092917.svg",
"https://play.google.com/intl/en_us/badges/images/generic/en_badge_web_generic.png",
"https://staticx.zacks.com/images/zacks/badges/Reviewed-by-Allyant-for-Accessibility-Badge-White.png",
"https://seal-chicago.bbb.org/seals/blue-seal-250-52-bbb-86000393.png",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=532984783731823&ev=PageView&noscript=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"stock",
"stocks",
"investment",
"investment advice",
"investing",
"online trading",
"online investment",
"online stock trading",
"stock market",
"financial",
"financial planning",
"quote",
"quotes",
"stock quotes"
] | null |
[
"Zacks Equity Research",
"Zacks Investment Research"
] |
2024-07-04T00:00:00
|
Chevron's (CVX) subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc. and QazaqGaz join forces to explore gas resources in Kazakhstan, strengthening a three-decade relationship and boosting economic growth.
|
en
|
https://staticx.zacks.com/images/zacks/logos/favicon_1x_16x16.ico
|
Zacks Investment Research
|
https://www.zacks.com/stock/news/2296816/chevron-cvx-qazaqgaz-sign-a-gas-exploration-agreement
|
Chevron Corporation ( - Free Report) , a leading multinational energy company, has entered into a significant cooperation agreement through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc. with QazaqGaz, Kazakhstan's national gas company. This partnership is focused on the geological exploration of potential gas resources at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe region, near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields. The agreement marks a key moment in CVX's longstanding relationship with Kazakhstan, spanning over three decades.
Background of the Agreement
Negotiations and Preparation: In the past year, CVX and QazaqGaz have engaged in detailed negotiations and technical preparations for the Zhalibek project. This collaborative effort highlights the companies’ commitment to advancing Kazakhstan's energy sector through strategic gas exploration and development.
Scope of the Project: In the initial phase, CVX plans to reprocess existing seismic data and conduct thorough technical interpretations at the Zhalibek site. This step is crucial for identifying potential gas condensate or oil and gas condensate fields, which can enhance Kazakhstan's commercial gas resource base.
Chevron's Perspective
Strategic Importance: Derek Magness, managing director for Chevron’s Eurasia Business Unit, emphasized the strategic importance of the partnership with QazaqGaz, stating that the partnership has driven mutual growth and created new opportunities in the region's energy landscape.
Commitment to Gas Development: CVX recognizes the growing importance of gas development in Kazakhstan. The agreement with QazaqGaz aligns with CVX's broader strategy to capitalize on emerging opportunities in the global energy market, particularly in regions that are rich in natural resources like Kazakhstan.
QazaqGaz's Vision
Economic Impact: Sanzhar Zharkeshov, chairman of QazaqGaz's Management Board, emphasized the expected economic benefits of the Zhalibek project, stating that the exploration and development of gas condensate fields are anticipated to boost Kazakhstan's economic growth, which is in line with national directives.
Attracting International Investment: Zharkeshov further emphasized that Kazakhstan's robust gas industry potential is increasingly attracting international investors and multinational corporations like CVX. This trend highlights Kazakhstan's attractiveness as a strategic hub for energy investments in Central Asia.
Conclusion
The cooperation agreement between CVX and QazaqGaz marks a significant milestone in Kazakhstan's gas exploration landscape. It reflects CVX's commitment to sustainable energy development and its strategic partnership with Kazakhstan. Moving forward, the reprocessing of seismic data and technical interpretations at the Zhalibek site will open the way for potential discoveries, which will contribute to the country's economic prosperity and energy security.
Zacks Rank and Other Key Picks
Currently, CVX carries a Zacks Rank #2 (Buy).
Investors interested in the energy sector might look at some other top-ranked stocks like Sunoco LP ( - Free Report) , sporting a Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy) and SM Energy Company ( - Free Report) and Coterra Energy Inc. ( - Free Report) , each carrying a Zacks Rank #2, at present. You can see the complete list of today’s Zacks #1 Rank stocks here.
Sunoco is valued at $5.66 billion. It is a major wholesale motor fuel distributor in the United States, distributing over 10 fuel brands through long-term contracts with more than 10,000 convenience stores, ensuring consistent cash flow.
SUN’s extensive distribution network across 40 states provides a robust and reliable source of income and the Brownsville terminal expansion should add to its revenue diversification.
Denver, CO-based SM Energyis valued at $5.1 billion. The company currently pays a dividend of 72 cents per share, or 1.62%, on an annual basis.
SM, an independent energy company, engages in the acquisition, exploration, development and production of oil, gas and natural gas liquids in the state of Texas.
Coterra Energy is valued at $19.93 billion. The company currently pays a dividend of 84 cents per share, or 3.14%, on an annual basis.
CTRA is an independent upstream operator engaged in the exploration, development and production of natural gas, crude oil and natural gas liquids.
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 71
|
https://www.tendersontime.com/tenders-details/services-for-the-prevention-of-gas-and-oil-manifestations-emissionsservices-for-the-prevention-of-g-252879a/
|
en
|
Kazakhstan Govt Tender for Services For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifes...
|
[
"https://www.tendersontime.com/images/tenders-on-time-logo.png",
"https://www.tendersontime.com/images/google_g_logo.svg.webp",
"https://www.tendersontime.com/images/google_g_logo.svg.webp",
"https://www.tendersontime.com/images/expired.webp"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"www.facebook.com"
] | null |
Kazakhstan government tender for Services For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissionsservices For The Prevention Of G..., TOT Ref No: 38963098, Tender Ref No: 366936, Deadline: 23rd Dec 2019, Register to view latest Online Global Tenders, E-Tender, E-Procurement.
|
en
|
TendersOnTime
|
https://www.tendersontime.com/tenders-details/services-for-the-prevention-of-gas-and-oil-manifestations-emissionsservices-for-the-prevention-of-g-252879a/
|
Urichtau Operating Partnership has floated a tender for Services For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissionsservices For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissions. The project location is Kazakhstan and the tender is closing on 23 Dec 2019. The tender notice number is 366936, while the TOT Ref Number is 38963098. Bidders can have further information about the Tender and can request the complete Tender document by Registering on the site.
Procurement Summary
Country : Kazakhstan
Summary : Services For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissionsservices For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissions
Deadline : 23 Dec 2019
Other Information
Notice Type : Tender
TOT Ref.No.: 38963098
Document Ref. No. : 366936
Competition : ICB
Financier : Self Financed
Purchaser Ownership : -
Tender Value : Refer Document
Purchaser's Detail
Purchaser : Urichtau Operating Partnership
Kazakhstan Aktobe Region Urikhtau Field
Phone: +7 (713) 274-4134
Kazakhstan
Email :a.Kopzhassar@urikhtau.kz
Tender Details
Title: Services For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissionsservices For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissions
Tender Detail No:
ENC TRU Code: 842511.000.000002
Brief description: Services To Prevent The Occurrence Of Open Gas And Oil Fountains Of The Fund Of Producing And Injection Wells
Status: Posted By
Amount: 1
Unit of measurement:
Unit Price: 5 812 380 ?
Amount: 5 812 380 5 812 380
Month Of Carrying Out: 12.2019
Terms: From The Date Of Signing The Contract To 12.2020from The Date Of Signing The Contract To 12.2020
Terms Of Payments: Prepayment 0%, Interim payment 100%, Final payment 0%,
Terms: Open tender
The total amount of lots: 5 812 380 ?
Contact Details
Kazakhstan Aktobe Region Urikhtau Field
Phone: +7 (713) 274-4134
Email: a.Kopzhassar@urikhtau.kz
Documents
Tender Notice
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 44
|
https://en.trend.az/business/energy/2219498.html
|
en
|
Kazakh KazMunaiGas company implements subsalt drilling program
|
https://en.trend.az/imagen/2219498
|
https://en.trend.az/imagen/2219498
|
[
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/5765395",
"https://en.trend.az/assets/img/logo.svg?v555",
"https://en.trend.az/assets/img/flower_icon.png?v3",
"https://en.trend.az/assets/img/whatsapp_btn.svg?v5",
"https://en.trend.az/assets/img/telegram_btn.svg?v4",
"https://en.trend.az/assets/img/facebook_btn.svg?v4",
"https://en.trend.az/assets/img/twitter_btn.svg?v5",
"https://en.trend.az/assets/img/googlenews_btn.svg?v3",
"https://en.trend.az/assets/img/logo.svg",
"https://counter.yadro.ru/logo?15.2"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Azerbaijan's news",
"Georgia's news",
"Kazakhstan's news",
"Turkmenistan's news",
"Uzbekistan's news",
"Iran's news",
"Turkey's news",
"oil and gas news",
"politics",
"the Caspian Sea",
"Caspian news",
"Central Asia",
"the CIS news",
"economy",
"analytics",
"business news",
"financial news",
"company news",
"Breaking News",
"World News"
] | null |
[] |
2013-12-09T09:18:00+04:00
|
The Kazakh national oil and gas company KazMunaiGas (KMG) is implementing its own subsalt drilling program, a source on the Kazakh oil and gas market told Trend on Thursday.
|
en
|
/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png?v=2022011801
|
Trend.Az
|
https://en.trend.az/business/energy/2219498.html
|
Astana, Kazakhstan, Dec. 8
By Daniyar Mukhtarov - Trend:
The Kazakh national oil and gas company KazMunaiGas (KMG) is implementing its own subsalt drilling program, a source on the Kazakh oil and gas market told Trend on Thursday.
"KazMunayGas national company is implementing its own subsalt drilling program," a source said. "The areas, where the wells will be drilled at a greater depth, have been determined. All subsalt sites are located in Atyrau and Aktobe regions of the country."
The matter rests in the Temir block where French Total partner will be KazMunaiGas's partner, as well as Darkhan and Makhambet blocks located in the Kazakh sector of the Caspian shelf.
"A deep well is being drilled on the Urikhtau block," a source said. "There are plans on well drilling at a depth of 5.5 kilometers in the Uzen-Karamandybas field where the drilling operations are planned to be launched in May 2014."
"A drilling rig is being searched," a source said.
Temir block is in Aktobe region, while Karamandybas - in the area of Ozenmunaigas's activity in Mangistau region of Kazakhstan.
Urikhtau gas condensate field is in Aktobe region. KazMunaiGas has a 30-year contract for the hydrocarbon exploration and production in this field. It was signed in December 2008 following the direct negotiations with the competent body.
The initial free gas, condensate, oil and dissolved gas in place in the amount of 39.815 billion cubic meters, 11.623 million tons, 6.493 billion tons, and 2.389 billion cubic meters in the Urikhtau oil and gas field were approved in the State Reserves Committee of the USSR (SRC's protocol No. 10526 of 28 October 1988).
Darkhan oil and gas field is located in the Kazakh sector of the north Caspian Sea. Its geological reserves can hit 480 million tons of fuel equivalent. It is located 11 km west of the Bozashy peninsula and 60 km south of the port of Bautino. The water dept where work is being carried out is three-five metres.
Atyraumunaygaz will drill a subsalt well at a depth of 6,000 meters in the Caspian Sea section Makhambet in 2014. This is the extreme point on the western part of the so-called Kashagan-Tengiz area. At this point, there are favorable conditions for discovering oil deposits.
Atyraumunaygaz company is a subsidiary of the Chinese-Kazakh company Mangistaumunaigas. It has the license for Makhambet and Bobek sites in the northern part of the Caspian Sea.
|
||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 4
|
https://www.azernews.az/region/228061.html
|
en
|
Chevron and Kazakhstan agreed to work together on new gas fields
|
[
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/15751309",
"https://www.azernews.az/assets/images/logo/logo.svg",
"https://www.azernews.az/media/2024/07/01/49ee6dfc-cc9f-3c38-aa26-4b672a76c476_850.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Azerbaijan",
"SOCAR",
"Baku",
"Turkey",
"oil and gas news",
"politics",
"economy",
"analytics",
"business news",
"financial news",
"company news",
"Breaking News",
"World News",
"AzerNews"
] | null |
[] |
2024-07-01T21:50:00+04:00
|
The Kazakh national company QazaqGaz and the American Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc., signed an agreement on cooperation on exploration work at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe region of Kazakhstan near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields, Azernews reports.
|
en
|
/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png?v=20220612
|
Azernews.Az
|
https://www.azernews.az/region/228061.html
|
By Alimat Aliyeva
The Kazakh national company QazaqGaz and the American Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc., signed an agreement on cooperation on exploration work at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe region of Kazakhstan near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields, Azernews reports.
“Negotiations and technical preparations for this project have been conducted over the past year. At the initial stage, Chevron will re-process existing seismic data and develop technical interpretations. The parties consider the signed agreement as a potential starting point for broader cooperation,” the information says.
"We are pleased to start working with Chevron on new gas fields. It is expected that further exploration and development of a potential gas and gas condensate field at the Zhalibek site in the future will contribute to the development of the resource base of commercial gas and the economic growth of the country," said Sanzhar Zharkeshov, Chairman of the Board of QazaqGaz, quoted in a press release.
QazaqGaz manages the infrastructure for gas transportation through main gas pipelines and gas distribution networks, provides international transit and sells gas on domestic and foreign markets, develops, finances, builds and operates pipelines and gas storage facilities.
---
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 50
|
https://www.business-humanrights.org/de/neuste-meldungen/kazakhstan-ngos-urge-cnpc-to-take-actions-in-response-to-allegations-of-pollution-caused-by-oil-production-activities/
|
en
|
Kazakhstan: NGOs urge CNPC to take actions in response to allegations of pollution caused by oil production activities
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
de
|
Business & Human Rights Resource Centre
|
https://www.business-humanrights.org/de/neuste-meldungen/kazakhstan-ngos-urge-cnpc-to-take-actions-in-response-to-allegations-of-pollution-caused-by-oil-production-activities/
|
We are writing to you and the Board to express our deep concern for the CNPC [China National Petroleum Corporation] associated oil production and the threat to one of the largest and most unique underground freshwater desposit Kokzhide in Kazakhstan. This letter addresses impacts, and pollution caused by the oil exploration and production of CNPC-Aktobemunaigas JSC and KMK Munai JSC, which are subsidiaries of the CNPC…
… the Kokzhide massif is currently affected due to the exploration and production of oil. Seven oil producing companies operating within the Kokzhide massif are: Kazakhoil Aktobe LLP, KMK Munai JSC… Ada Oil Firm LLP… CNPC-Aktobemunaigas JSC… LLP "Urikhtau Operating", LLP JV "Fial" and LLP "MGK". CNPC-Aktobemunaigas JSC is a subsidiary of CNPC (85.42% of the shares) and is developing the Kenkiyak-Podsolevoye oil and gas field within Kokzhide … CNPC subsidiaries account for almost 60% of production wells within the Kokzhide underground water field.
The main factor in the underground water pollution of Kokzhide is the activity of oil companies…
… Back in 2012, public authorities found CNPC-Aktobemunaigas oil exploration activities were in violation of the requirements of the Environmental Code and contractual obligations… In response, representatives of CNPC-Aktobemunaigas assured and continue to assure that they were doing everything possible so as not to pollute groundwater. The company claims that an observation network of wells was set up on Kokzhide to monitor groundwater, and that there had not been any discharge exceeding oil product standards since 2007. However, contrary to the claims by the company, the results of state monitoring for the period 2010-2017 confirm levels of water contamination as an outcome of earlier oil exploration activities still affects the quality of groundwater in Kokzhide in 2017…
… Prime Minister Bakytzhan Sagintayev said in May 2018 that the Kokzhide underground water field belongs to specially protected natural areas where any activity that threatens their safety is prohibited…
According to the Department of Ecology of Aktobe Oblast, currently the largest impact on Kokzhide is exerted by the companies CNPC-Aktobemunaigas JSC, KMK Munai JSC, Kazakhoil Aktobe LLP and Ada Oil Firm LLP, as they produce uninterrupted oil production…
While PetroChina, the publicly traded arm of CNPC, has stated in its Sustainability Report for Kazakhstan that all projects under the company’s implementation conforms with the “precautionary principle” and meets all environmental protection requirements...However, official Kazakh authorities have identified several violations in connection with CNPC’s activities in the Aktobe region, which raise serious concerns about the company’s fiduciary responsibility, and highlights CNPC - a Chinese state-owned enterprise - and its ability to comply with environmental and social due diligence requirements and the national law in Kazakhstan…
In connection with the foregoing, we ask you to convey to the Board of Directors of the CNPC to:
1. Conduct, together with representatives of companies, authorized state bodies, the public and specialists of the Republic of Kazakhstan, a verification of the facts of the negative impact of subsidiaries of CNPC-Aktobemunaigas JSC and KMK Munai JSC on the state of the Kokzhide underground water field,
2. Conduct public consultations for concerned citizens and professionals who have appealed on the state of Kokzhide watershed;
3. Publish the results of the public consultations and the audit in the media…
|
||||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 72
|
https://www.world-energy.org/article/43254.html
|
en
|
Qazaqgaz, Chevron to Cooperate on Potential Geological Exploration at Kazakh Zhalibek Site
|
[
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/cpu/images/001.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/Facebook.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/Twitter.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/Instagram.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/weibo.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/Facebook.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/Twitter.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/LinkedIn.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/weibo.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2024/0702/20240702020704318.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2024/0520/20240520091133759.jpeg",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2024/0322/20240322090051612.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2024/0429/20240429022444787.jpg",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2024/0420/20240420114349866.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2024/0506/20240506041425177.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2024/0626/20240626105622644.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2023/1109/20231109052142246.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/cpu/images/002.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Hydropower Plant"
] | null |
[] | null |
QazaqGaz national company and Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc., signed a cooperation agreement on July 1 regarding potential geological exploration at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe Region, near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau
| null |
QazaqGaz national company and Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc., signed a cooperation agreement on July 1 regarding potential geological exploration at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe Region, near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields.
According to the QazaqGaz press service, negotiations and technical preparations for this project have been ongoing for the past year. In the initial phase, Chevron will reprocess existing seismic data and develop technical interpretations. The parties view the signed agreement as a potential starting point for more extensive collaboration.
The agreement was signed by Derek Magness, Managing Director for Chevron’s Eurasia Business Unit, and Sanzhar Zharkeshov, Chairman of the Management Board of QazaqGaz. The signing ceremony was held with the participation of Samruk Kazyna Sovereign Wealth Fund Chairman Nurlan Zhakupov.
“We are pleased to strengthen our cooperation with QazaqGaz through this important gas project. Our strategic partnership with Kazakhstan has spanned more than three decades, and this agreement creates new opportunities for potentially advancing Kazakhstan’s energy sector. Chevron recognizes the importance of gas development and related potential opportunities within Kazakhstan’s gas industry,” said Magness.
The project is being implemented with the support of the Samruk Kazyna and the Kazakh Energy Ministry.
“We look forward to working with Chevron to find possible new gas prospects. Further geological exploration and development of a potential gas condensate or oil and gas condensate field at the Zhalibek site is expected to enhance the commercial gas resource base and drive economic growth in the country. In line with the Kazakh President’s directive to accelerate exploration projects in the gas sector, we are pleased to announce that Kazakhstan’s gas industry potential is increasingly attracting international investors and multinational companies,” said Zharkeshov.
|
|||||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 84
|
https://www.ice.it/it/news/notizie-dal-mondo/253875
|
en
|
PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
|
[
"https://www.ice.it/it/themes/custom/ice/logo.png",
"https://www.ice.it/it/themes/custom/ice/logo_flat.png",
"https://www.ice.it/it/themes/custom/ice/images/logo.png",
"https://www.ice.it/it/sites/default/files/cta/9001_IT_col.jpg",
"https://www.ice.it/it/sites/default/files/cta/pagopa-logo-white-sm_0.png",
"https://dc.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=6665529&fmt=gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"ICE",
"Agenzia",
"Commercio estero",
"promozione",
"aziende",
"italia",
"Ice",
"www.ice.it"
] | null |
[] | null |
ICE - Agenzia per la promozione all'estero e l'internazionalizzazione delle imprese italiane organismo attraverso cui il Governo favorisce lo sviluppo delle imprese
|
it
|
/it/themes/custom/ice/favicon.ico
|
https://www.ice.it/it/news/notizie-dal-mondo/253875
|
Kazakhstan government approved oil and gas projects development planThe Government of Kazakhstan has approved a Comprehensive Plan for the development of the largest oil and gas and petrochemical projects in 2023-2027, the press service of the Prime Minister reported.The decree was signed by the country's Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov.The adopted Comprehensive Plan is aimed at implementing 20 significant projects in the oil and gas industry, oil and gas refining, as well as petrochemistry with an expected 37.3 billion dollars investment volume.“In particular, the document provides for the implementation of large oil and gas projects in the Tengiz, Karachaganak and Kashagan fields, aimed at increasing oil production to 105.5 million tonnes and gas to 82.1 billion cubic meters by 2027,” the information says.The document also outlines a plan to double the capacity of the Shymkent oil refinery up to 12 million tonnes by 2029. As a result, the country will produce 18 million tonnes of petroleum products per year.In order to ensure oil supplies to the plant, projects will be implemented to increase the capacity of Kenkiyak - Atyrau oil pipelines from 6 to 15 million tonnes per year and Kenkiyak – Kumkol pipelines - from 10 to 20 million tonnes per year, the press release says.Regarding the petrochemical industry the construction of the first integrated gas and chemical complex for producing polyethylene with a capacity of 1.25 million tonnes with an infrastructure project for gas separation with 9.1 billion cubic meters processing capacity will significantly increase the production volumes of petrochemical products, attract large investments and utilize the full potential of the Tengiz field raw materials.In addition, seven geological exploration and field development projects with a total investment volume of about 10 billion dollars are envisaged.The key projects are the construction and preparation for production at the Kalamkas-Sea and Khazar fields, the development of the Urikhtau gas condensate field, as well as the Karaton-Podsolevoy geological exploration project.According to Minister of National Economy Alibek Kuantyrov, Kazakhstan intends to increase oil production to 102 million tonnes per year in 2024-2028 by speeding up the development of Kashagan, Karachaganak and Tengiz fields. (ICE ALMATY)
Fonte notizia: INTERFAX
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 25
|
https://primeminister.kz/en/news/comprehensive-plan-for-further-development-of-major-oil-and-gas-and-petrochemical-projects-in-kazakhstan-approved-by-government-26555
|
en
|
Comprehensive plan for further development of major oil and gas and petrochemical projects in Kazakhstan approved by Government
|
[
"https://primeminister.kz/new/img/logo.png",
"https://primeminister.kz/assets/media/zaglushka-vtoroy-variant.jpg",
"https://primeminister.kz/new/img/logo.png",
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/34776285",
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/34776285",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=414339145587501&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/viewthroughconversion/874196692/?guid=ON&script=0"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Government",
"Government of Kazakhstan",
"Prime Minister of Kazakhstan",
"Website of the Government of Kazakhstan",
"Prime Minister's Website",
"Prime Minister of Kazakhstan"
] | null |
[] | null |
The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan approved a comprehensive plan for the development of major oil and gas and petrochemical projects for 2023 - 2027. The corresponding decree was signed by Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov.
|
en
|
/new/img/favicon.ico
|
https://primeminister.kz/en/news/comprehensive-plan-for-further-development-of-major-oil-and-gas-and-petrochemical-projects-in-kazakhstan-approved-by-government-26555
|
The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan approved a comprehensive plan for the development of major oil and gas and petrochemical projects for 2023 - 2027. The corresponding decree was signed by Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov.
The adopted Comprehensive Plan is aimed at the implementation of 20 significant projects in the oil and gas industry, oil and gas refining, as well as oil and gas chemical industry with an expected investment of $37.3 billion.
In particular, the document provides for the implementation of major oil and gas projects at Tengiz, Karachaganak and Kashagan fields, aimed at increasing oil production to 105.5 million tons and gas production to 82.1 billion m3 by 2027.
It is also worth noting that the construction of gas processing plants envisioned by the Comprehensive Plan will have a significant impact on meeting the needs of the domestic market.
In addition, three projects are envisaged to supply the domestic market with petroleum products. It is planned that by 2029 production capacity at the Shymkent refinery will be increased from 6 to 12 million tons. As a result, the country will produce 18 million tons of oil products per year. In turn, to ensure oil supplies to the refinery, projects will be implemented to expand the Kenkiyak-Atyrau oil pipeline from 6 to 15 million tons per year and Kenkiyak-Kumkol from 10 to 20 million tons per year.
As for the oil and gas chemical industry, it should be noted that the implementation of such projects as construction of the first integrated gas chemical complex for polyethylene production with a capacity of 1.25 million tons and the infrastructure project of gas separation complex with a processing capacity of 9.1 billion m3 will significantly increase the production of oil and gas chemical products, attract large investments and use the full potential of raw materials of the Tengiz field.
At the same time, 7 projects with total investments of about $10 bln are envisaged within the framework of geological exploration projects and field development. The key projects are development and preparation for production at Kalamkas-more and Khazar fields, development of Urikhtau gas condensate field, as well as Karaton-Podsolovoye geological exploration project.
#Alikhan Smailov #The Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan #Fuels and lubricants #Government Resolutions #Oil & Gas
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 70
|
https://newsline.kz/article/1159604/
|
en
|
KazMunayGas puts 3 new gas fields into operation in 2023
|
[
"https://newsline.kz/local/templates/newsline/images/kn_logo.png",
"https://newsline.kz/upload/badges/google-play-badge.png",
"https://newsline.kz/upload/badges/Logo_ios.png",
"https://newsline.kz/upload/badges/appstore-badge.svg",
"https://newsline.kz/local/templates/newsline/images/ajax-loader.gif",
"https://newsline.kz/local/templates/newsline/images/ajax-loader.gif",
"https://newsline.kz/upload/badges/google-play-badge.png",
"https://newsline.kz/upload/badges/Logo_ios.png",
"https://newsline.kz/upload/badges/appstore-badge.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Kazakhstan's KazMunayGas (KMG, national oil and gas company) commissioned three new gas fields in 2023 in order to increase gas supplies to the domestic market, according to the company's annual report.
Thus, the Aksai Yuzhny, Eastern Urikhtau and Rozhkovskoye fields were put into operation.
Production at the Aksai Yuzhny gas condensate field (recoverable...
|
en
|
/local/templates/newsline/favicon.ico
| null |
Kazakhstan's KazMunayGas (KMG, national oil and gas company) commissioned three new gas fields in 2023 in order to increase gas supplies to the domestic market, according to the company's annual report.
Thus, the Aksai Yuzhny, Eastern Urikhtau and Rozhkovskoye fields were put into operation.
Production at the Aksai Yuzhny gas condensate field (recoverable...
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 66
|
https://ipo.sk.kz/en/companies/kmg/
|
en
|
IPO АО «Самрук-Қазына»
|
https://ipo.sk.kz/en/favicon.ico?v1
|
https://ipo.sk.kz/en/favicon.ico?v1
|
[
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/91413749",
"https://ipo.sk.kz/local/templates/ipo_sk_main/img/logo.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"АО «Самрук-Қазына»",
"портал",
"новости",
"Фонд",
"инвестиционный холдинг"
] | null |
[] | null |
АО «Самрук-Қазына» представляет собой коммерческую структуру — инвестиционный холдинг, миссия которого заключается в повышении национального благосостояния Республики Казахстан и обеспечении долгосрочной устойчивости для будущих поколений
|
en
|
/en/favicon.ico?v1
| null | ||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 1
|
https://www.azernews.az/region/228061.html
|
en
|
Chevron and Kazakhstan agreed to work together on new gas fields
|
[
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/15751309",
"https://www.azernews.az/assets/images/logo/logo.svg",
"https://www.azernews.az/media/2024/07/01/49ee6dfc-cc9f-3c38-aa26-4b672a76c476_850.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Azerbaijan",
"SOCAR",
"Baku",
"Turkey",
"oil and gas news",
"politics",
"economy",
"analytics",
"business news",
"financial news",
"company news",
"Breaking News",
"World News",
"AzerNews"
] | null |
[] |
2024-07-01T21:50:00+04:00
|
The Kazakh national company QazaqGaz and the American Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc., signed an agreement on cooperation on exploration work at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe region of Kazakhstan near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields, Azernews reports.
|
en
|
/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png?v=20220612
|
Azernews.Az
|
https://www.azernews.az/region/228061.html
|
By Alimat Aliyeva
The Kazakh national company QazaqGaz and the American Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc., signed an agreement on cooperation on exploration work at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe region of Kazakhstan near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields, Azernews reports.
“Negotiations and technical preparations for this project have been conducted over the past year. At the initial stage, Chevron will re-process existing seismic data and develop technical interpretations. The parties consider the signed agreement as a potential starting point for broader cooperation,” the information says.
"We are pleased to start working with Chevron on new gas fields. It is expected that further exploration and development of a potential gas and gas condensate field at the Zhalibek site in the future will contribute to the development of the resource base of commercial gas and the economic growth of the country," said Sanzhar Zharkeshov, Chairman of the Board of QazaqGaz, quoted in a press release.
QazaqGaz manages the infrastructure for gas transportation through main gas pipelines and gas distribution networks, provides international transit and sells gas on domestic and foreign markets, develops, finances, builds and operates pipelines and gas storage facilities.
---
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 92
|
https://www.gem.wiki/Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent_Gas_Pipeline
|
en
|
Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent Gas Pipeline
|
[
"https://www.gem.wiki/w/resources/assets/GEMWIKIlogo_V2.png",
"https://www.gem.wiki/w/resources/assets/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa.png",
"https://www.gem.wiki/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png",
"https://www.gem.wiki/w/resources/assets/Powered-by-Canasta.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Global Energy Monitor"
] |
2024-08-19T15:38:27+00:00
|
Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent Gas Pipeline (also referred to as the Beineu–Shymkent (Gas) Pipeline; Russian: МГ Бейнеу-Бозой-Шымкент; МГ Бейнеу-Шымкент) is an operating natural gas pipeline in Kazakhstan.[1]
|
en
|
/w/resources/assets/GEMWIKIlogo_V2_favicon.png
|
Global Energy Monitor
|
https://www.gem.wiki/Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent_Gas_Pipeline
|
This article is part of the Global Fossil Infrastructure Tracker, a project of Global Energy Monitor. Sub-articles:
FrackSwarm portal
Coal terminals
Coal transport and infrastructure
Oil and gas pipelines
LNG terminals
Pipeline construction costs
Methodology and data notes
Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent Gas Pipeline (also referred to as the Beineu–Shymkent (Gas) Pipeline; Russian: МГ Бейнеу-Бозой-Шымкент; МГ Бейнеу-Шымкент) is an operating natural gas pipeline in Kazakhstan.[1]
Location
The pipeline starts in Beyneu (Beineu), Mangystau Region, Kazakhstan, and runs to Shymkent, Turkistan Region, Kazakhstan.[2][3]
Loading map...
{"type":"ROADMAP","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"400px","height":"300px","centre":{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":46.4716422,"lon":61.1507172,"icon":""},"title":"","label":"","icon":"","lines":[{"text":"","title":"","link":"","strokeColor":"#FF0000","strokeOpacity":"1","strokeWeight":"2","pos":[{"lat":45.3393786,"lon":55.1912904},{"lat":45.5212191,"lon":56.1251774},{"lat":45.6403388,"lon":56.7820376},{"lat":45.7492483,"lon":57.3980568},{"lat":45.7968962,"lon":57.7758365},{"lat":45.8309304,"lon":57.9323939},{"lat":45.8206956,"lon":58.6192583},{"lat":45.9002557,"lon":58.9953607},{"lat":45.9725831,"lon":59.2485066},{"lat":46.0449105,"lon":59.5812127},{"lat":46.1027725,"lon":59.7258675},{"lat":46.2329618,"lon":59.9283842},{"lat":46.2980564,"lon":60.0079443},{"lat":46.4065475,"lon":60.6950546},{"lat":46.4644094,"lon":61.0422261},{"lat":46.4716422,"lon":61.1507172},{"lat":46.4427112,"lon":61.3532339},{"lat":46.3993148,"lon":61.599147},{"lat":46.392082,"lon":61.7221036},{"lat":45.4590586,"lon":62.2066972},{"lat":45.3794985,"lon":62.5394032},{"lat":45.2420764,"lon":62.9661348},{"lat":45.1769818,"lon":63.2265135},{"lat":45.169749,"lon":63.3133063},{"lat":45.2637747,"lon":63.7834344},{"lat":45.0178615,"lon":64.1233732},{"lat":44.7430174,"lon":64.5067084},{"lat":44.6055953,"lon":64.6513632},{"lat":44.4392423,"lon":65.5482229},{"lat":44.3596822,"lon":65.8302998},{"lat":43.7299711,"lon":66.9952979},{"lat":43.504644,"lon":67.4459521},{"lat":43.2842153,"lon":67.974981},{"lat":43.0441929,"lon":68.5578925},{"lat":42.8776468,"lon":68.9987499},{"lat":42.7551864,"lon":69.4102168},{"lat":42.6719133,"lon":69.7384107},{"lat":42.6376244,"lon":70.0470109}]}],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"visitedicon":"","wmsoverlay":false,"zoom":4,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview","rotate"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"cluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","fullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[]}
Project details
Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent I Gas Pipeline
Operator: Beineu-Shymkent Gas Pipeline LLP[4], Intergas Central Asia[5]
Owner: QazaqGaz JSC (50%); Trans-Asia Gas Pipeline Cоmpany Ltd. (50%)[6][7]
Parent company: Samruk-Kazyna SWF JSC[8], China Reform Holdings Corp.[9]
Capacity: 15 bcm/year[10][11]
Length: 1,449 km[10][11]
Diameter: 1,067 mm[10][11]
Status: Operating[10][11]
Start year: 2013[11]
Cost: USD 3.6 billion[12]
Financing: China Development Bank Corporation[12]; Bank of China[12]; KazTransGaz JSC[1]
Associated infrastructure: Central Asia–China Gas Pipeline, Saryarka Gas Pipeline, Zhanazhol Oil and Gas Field, Kenkiyak Oil and Gas Field, Urikhtau Oil and Gas Project, Central Asia-Center Gas Pipeline, Bukhara-Ural Gas Pipeline, Bukhara-Tashkent-Bishkek-Almaty Gas Pipeline
Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent II Gas Pipeline
Operator: Intergas Central Asia[5]
Owner: QazaqGaz JSC, UCC Holding[13]
Parent company: Samruk-Kazyna SWF JSC[8], Power International Holding[14]
Capacity: 10 bcm/year[11]
Length: 1,449 km[10]
Diameter:
Status: Proposed[15][16]
Start year: 2026[15][16]
Cost: USD 2.2 billion/KZT 1 trillion[11]
Financing:
Associated infrastructure: Central Asia–China Gas Pipeline, Saryarka Gas Pipeline, Zhanazhol Oil and Gas Field, Kenkiyak Oil and Gas Field, Urikhtau Oil and Gas Project
Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent II Gas Pipeline, Capacity expansion
Operator: Intergas Central Asia[5]
Owner: QazaqGaz JSC, UCC Holding[13]
Parent company: Samruk-Kazyna SWF JSC[8], Power International Holding[14]
Capacity: 15 bcm/year (additional 5 bcm/year)[11]
Length: Capacity expansion only[11]
Diameter:
Status: Proposed[11][17][18]
Start year:
Cost: USD 2.2 billion/KZT 1 trillion[11]
Financing:
Associated infrastructure: Central Asia–China Gas Pipeline, Saryarka Gas Pipeline, Zhanazhol Oil and Gas Field, Kenkiyak Oil and Gas Field, Urikhtau Oil and Gas Project
Background
The route of the pipeline passes through the Mangistau, Aktobe, Kyzylorda and Turkistan regions in Kazakhstan. This project is considered a part of the Central Asia–China Gas Pipeline, to which it connects in Shymkent. This project's importance is in that it connects several existing pipelines in Kazakhstan into a unified network, allowing gas to be delivered for the first time to the southern regions of the country (Central Asia-Center Gas Pipeline in the west, Bukhara-Ural Gas Pipeline in the center and the Bukhara-Tashkent-Bishkek-Almaty Gas Pipeline in the south of Kazakhstan), as well for export to China via the Central Asia–China Gas Pipeline. The pipeline is supplied by gas from the oil and gas fields in West Kazakhstan,[10] including Zhanazhol, Kenkiyak, and Urikhtau.[19]
The project started in January 18, 2011, when, on an equal share basis, Kazakh and Chinese companies KazTransGas JSC (rebranded to QazaqGaz in 2021)[7] and Trans-Asia Gas Pipeline Company Ltd created the Beineu - Shymkent Gas Pipeline LLP.[6] Construction started in September 2011 and the Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent I pipeline was commissioned in November 2015.[19] Originally the pipeline had the operational capacity of 10 bcm/year.[19] In September 2020, construction of an additional (fourth) compressor station was finished, which allowed to increase pipeline capacity to 15 bcm/year.[1][20]
In February 2023, Minister of Energy of Kazakhstan Bolat Akchulakov suggested developing a feasibility study for construction of the second pipeline as the Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent I pipeline was operating above its design capacity - at 106%. Reliability of gas supply of southern Kazakhstan with its growing population is also dependent on the construction of the additional segment of the pipeline.[21] In June 2023, Samruk Kazyna and China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) discussed participation of CNPC in the project. An agreement was reached to establish a joint task force, develop a feasibility study by December 31, 2023 and identify preliminary sources of financing.[22] In July 2023, QazaqGaz, CNPC, PetroChina International и TapLine discussed further implementation of the project.[22] As of August 2023, the pipeline is expected to be built by the end of 2026.[23] Based on research, it appears that Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent I and Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent II will run parallel to each other.
In February 2024, the feasibility study for the construction of the second stage of the Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent pipeline was still being developed and was expected to be completed in Q2 2024. The estimated completion date for the construction is the end of 2026.[15][16]
In February 2024, it was reported that an agreement had been signed with Qatari investors, specifically with Power International Holding, to jointly implement the project.[17] In May 2024, the terms of the deal with Qatar, including for implementation of three other joint gas projects, were approved at a government meeting. According to the agreement, Qatari UCC Holding (a subsidiary of Power International Holding) will build two gas processing plants, a new compressor station KS-14, the main gas pipeline KS-14 - Kostanay - Aktobe, and the second line of the Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent pipeline. QazaqGaz and UCC Holding reached a consensus on all four projects. Their joint implementation is expected to begin in the near future.[18]
Capacity expansion
The Roadmap for Development of Gas Infrastructure of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2015-2030 released in September 2023 mentions that the initial capacity of the new segment will be up to 10 bcm/year in the first stage. The transit capacity of the pipeline will be increased to 15 bcm/year through the construction of compressor stations.[11]
Financing
The project is operated by Beineu-Shymkent Gas Pipeline LLP, which is a 50/50 percent joint venture between QazaqGaz JSC and Trans-Asia Gas Pipeline Limited Company.[4] KazTransGas JSC was a subsidiary of JSC NC KazMunayGas, the state-owned oil and gas company of Kazakhstan.[24] Rebranded, QazaqGaz is a subsidiary of Samruk-Kazyna SWF JSC.[8] Trans-Asia Gas Pipeline Company Ltd. is a subsidiary of China Reform Holdings Corp.[25][9] In 2015, KazTransGas JSC has signed a loan agreement with China Development Bank Corporation and Bank of China for a sum of USD $2.5 billion for a period until 2028 to finance the construction of the pipeline.[8]
Opposition
The workers of Zhanazhol and Kenkiyak oil and gas fields went on a strike in November 2021 to demand a salary increase in front of the offices of CNPC-AMG (СНПС - АктобеМунайГаз) and CNPC - Aktobe Transport Company (СНПС - Актюбинская транспортная компания).[26]
Articles and resources
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 64
|
https://daryo.uz/en/2023/12/08/kazakhstan-plans-to-achieve-1055mn-tons-annual-oil-output-by-2027
|
en
|
Kazakhstan plans to achieve 105.5mn tons annual oil output by 2027
|
[
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/91360584",
"https://daryo.uz/logo/logo-white.svg",
"https://daryo.uz/logo/logo.svg",
"https://daryo.uz/logo/logo-white.svg",
"https://daryo.uz/logo/logo-white.svg",
"https://daryo.uz/logo/logo.svg",
"https://daryo.uz/static/2023/12/08/14-12-1536x864.webp",
"https://daryo.uz/static/2023/12/08/zaglushka-vtoroy-variant.jpg",
"https://daryo.uz/logo/logo-white.svg",
"https://cnt0.www.uz/counter/collect?id=30377&pg=http%3A//uzinfocom.uz&col=340F6E&t=ffffff&p=BD6F6F"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"News",
"Uzbekistan News",
"Uzbekistan",
"Articles",
"Posts",
"Culture",
"Sports",
"Latest News",
"Breaking News",
"Latest Breaking News",
"Video News",
"Economic News",
"Daryo",
"Exclusive Interviews",
"Photos",
"Videos",
"Podcasts",
"Interesting News"
] | null |
[
"Daryo.uz",
"Daryo uz"
] |
2023-12-08T00:00:00
|
Askhat Khassenov, Kazakhstan's Vice Minister of Energy, revealed that the country is on track to produce 89mn tons of oil in the current year. — Daryo News
|
en
|
/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png
|
Daryo.uz
|
https://daryo.uz/en/2023/12/08/kazakhstan-plans-to-achieve-1055mn-tons-annual-oil-output-by-2027
|
Kazakhstan's government has endorsed a comprehensive plan aimed at advancing major oil and gas projects from 2023 to 2027, Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov's press service reports.
The plan targets a surge in oil production from the current 89mn tons annually to 105.5mn tons by 2027. Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov signed the decree, outlining the production increase within key fields such as Tengiz, Karachaganak, and Kashagan. The plan also encompasses 20 significant projects in oil and gas production, refining, and petrochemicals, requiring an estimated $37.3bn in investments.
The government's focus includes constructing new gas-processing plants and executing three substantial oil refinery projects, notably the extensive modernization of the Shymkent refinery by 2029, doubling its output to 12mn tons yearly. To support this, enhancements to the Kenkiyan-Atyrau and Kenkiyak-Kumkol oil pipelines are planned, increasing capacities to 15mn and 20mn tons per year, respectively.
Additionally, Kazakhstan aims to invigorate its petrochemical industry through the establishment of an integrated petrochemical plant producing 1.25mn tons of polyethylene annually. Geological exploration projects, with a combined investment of $10bn, are outlined, featuring key initiatives such as preparing for production in the Kalamkas-Sea and Khazar oil fields and the development of the Urikhtau gas field.
Askhat Khassenov, Kazakhstan's Vice Minister of Energy, revealed that the country is on track to produce 89mn tons of oil in the current year, slightly below the initial plan of 90.5mn tons. He cited maintenance work on major projects as a factor influencing production schedules, expressing optimism that completing overhauls earlier could help bridge the output gap. Khassenov acknowledged the possibility of a decline in production to 89mn tons but emphasized the potential for improvement through operational efficiencies.
In 2022, Kazakhstan reported 84.2mn tons of oil, with a slight increase recorded in 2023. The Vice Minister of National Economy, Azamat Amrin, noted a 6.6% rise in oil output from January to August 2023, reaching 56.09mn tons of oil and gas condensate. Minister of Energy Almasadam Satkaliyev previously adjusted the 2023 oil output forecast to 89.4mn tons on August 15.
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 8
|
https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/kazmunaygas-is-preparing-for-the-full-scale-development-of-the-central-and-east-urikhtau-deposits/
|
en
|
KazMunayGas Is Preparing for the Full-Scale Development of the Central and East Urikhtau Deposits
|
[
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/en.png",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/ru.png",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ROGTEC-logo-300-1.gif",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KDR-2024.gif",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SDUK-Upstream-Banner-750-x-100-1.png",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KDR-2024-ENG.gif",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e6631ace7bd2882531d9714bc5081a72?s=26&d=mm&r=g",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/kazmunajgaz-i-lukojl-obsudili-sotrudnichestvo-po-proektu-22kalamkas-more-hazar-auezov22-bizmedia.kz_-750x375.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/shale-60x60.jpeg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/240422-Transocean-Hero-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/st_20160929_jeopec29_2630269.jpg-60x60.webp",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/650808852250a56040016e98-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/5apd4jjo8ptnzzp5wou1pl6spv2gx3i2-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/2-1-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/i-15-60x60.webp",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1721207506302-60x60.webp",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1424035538_5-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ROGTEC-Issue-68-cover-Home-Wide.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/баннер-big4-для-Rogtec-Английский-gif.gif",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/KIOGE24_360х100_ru.gif",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Yury-Kichigin-WNOG-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Kamil-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Winershall-Featured-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Boris-Ivanov-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/GDS-Top-Drive-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Proppants-Roundtable-ROGTEC-Featured-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Technology-Roundtable-Drilling-Contractors-PNG-Drilling-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Drilling-Fluids-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Wellbore-Cementing-Featured-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/rogtech_logo_white.png",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/rdcr_logo_white-2018.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Doug Robson",
"Saul Haslam"
] |
2024-06-25T16:03:44+00:00
|
ROGTEC Magazine – Russian Oil and Gas Technologies Magazine is Russia's and the Caspian's leading, independent, upstream publication
|
en
|
ROGTEC
|
https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/kazmunaygas-is-preparing-for-the-full-scale-development-of-the-central-and-east-urikhtau-deposits/
|
The Chairman of the Board of KazMunayGas (KMG) A. Khasenov during a working trip on June 21, 2024 visited the production facilities of Urikhtau Operating, Kazakhoil Aktobe LLP and Kazakhturkmunay in the Aktobe region.
This was reported by the press service of the company.
Currently, KMG is preparing the concept of full-scale development of the central and East Urikhtau deposits.
Urikhtau project
Suggests a 2-stage development of the field:
Phase 1 – includes the development of the oil and gas field of East Urikhtau. In December 2023, the company introduced a field into industrial operation, which made it possible to obtain additional volumes of commodity and liquefied gas for the Aktobe region. In 2024, in East Urikhtau, production is expected in the amount of: 89 thousand tons of oil and about 46 million m3 of gas.
Phase 2 – involves the full-scale development of the Urikhtau deposit, including areas of the Eastern and Central Urikhtau: Central Urikhtau is a gas condensate field (GCF), which contains significant reserves of natural gas. In this section of the subsoil, extraction is planned. Currently, according to GCF, Central Urikhtau KMG is developing a feasibility study (feasibility study) of various options for the outbreak of industrial development.
The objects of the Central and East Urikhtau are technologically interconnected, and after the launch of the Central Urikhtau, the subsoil plots will have common infrastructure objects. Project operator – Urikhtau Operation, 100% subsidiary of KMG.
Following the meeting, A. Khasenov instructed the leadership of Urikhtau Operations: to pay special attention to industrial safety, labor protection and environmental issues, as well as ensure measures to achieve planned production at the East Urikhtau field in 2024.
Geological exploration work on Karazhara
According to the company, during a visit to the objects of Kazakhoil Aktobe and Kazakhturkmunay (KTM), the issues of execution of the production program in 2024, compliance with safety safety, labor discipline, labor protection and environment within groups and contracting organizations were considered.
On June 4, 2024, the KMG received a contract for reconnaissance and prey for a promising section of the subsoil Karazhar, the geological resources (P50) of which are 32 million tons.
On June 19, 2024, the KMG transferred the rights of subsoil use by the subsoil section of Karazhar in favor of KTM for the purpose of conducting exploration for the development of the resource base of hydrocarbons.
To date, development is underway:
exploration project;
exploration liquidation project;
technical project for the construction of a search well.
A. Khasenov instructed to start the drilling of a search well with a depth of 3 thousand m until the end of 2024. KMG reports that the KTM for a free basis provides gas with the residents of the village. Zharkamy of the Bayganinsky district of the Aktobe region.
The volume of deliveries is about 4 million m3/year.
The total volume of such supplies from 2007 to 2023 amounted to about 30 million m3 of gaz.
In addition, since 2015, the company transfers excess electricity that is generated at its own power plant for two peasant peasants households of the district.
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 12
|
https://globuc.com/news/jsc-kazmunaygas-update/
|
en
|
JSC NC KazMunayGas 2023 trading update
|
[
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/DCA_ENG2024_01_400_400.png",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/224d2c724a2975bf4b54a54cc8f83483.png",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/224d2c724a2975bf4b54a54cc8f83483.png",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_Kazakhstans-KazMunayGas-Chinese-energy-giants-push-forward-with-strategic-projects2024_08_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_Kazakhstans-KazMunayGas-Chinese-energy-giants-push-forward-with-strategic-projects2024_08_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-plans-to-use-the-_utilizing-gas-fractions_-of-Kashagan2024_08_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-plans-to-use-the-_utilizing-gas-fractions_-of-Kashagan2024_08_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-and-French-Air-Liquide-discuss-progress-of-hydrogen-project-at-Pavlodar-Oil-Chemistry-Refinery2024_08_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-and-French-Air-Liquide-discuss-progress-of-hydrogen-project-at-Pavlodar-Oil-Chemistry-Refinery2024_08_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-and-French-Air-Liquide-discuss-progress-of-hydrogen-project-at-Pavlodar-Oil-Chemistry-Refinery2024_08_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-and-French-Air-Liquide-discuss-progress-of-hydrogen-project-at-Pavlodar-Oil-Chemistry-Refinery2024_08_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-CITIC-Group-discuss-project-to-expand-capacity-of-Aktau-bitumen-plant-012024_07_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-CITIC-Group-discuss-project-to-expand-capacity-of-Aktau-bitumen-plant-012024_07_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-and-Chevron-discuss-renewable-energy-and-gas-processing-plant-developments-at-Tengiz-field2024_06_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-and-Chevron-discuss-renewable-energy-and-gas-processing-plant-developments-at-Tengiz-field2024_06_326_194.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-02-29T10:03:51+00:00
|
KazMunaiGas shows its operating results for the entire past year.
|
en
|
/wp-content/themes/globuc/favion.png
|
Globuc
|
https://globuc.com/news/jsc-kazmunaygas-update/
|
Joint-stock (JSC) National Company (NC) KazMunayGas (“KMG” or “Company”), Kazakhstan's national oil and gas company, announces its operating full year results for 2023.
Source: KazMunayGas
The company successfully continues its strategic course and achieves planned goals, the implementation of which is in the interests of all KMG stakeholders, including shareholders and investors, employees and partners, regions of operations and the country as a whole.
Magzum Mirzagaliyev, Chairman of the Management Board of KMG
As part of the initiative to increase gas production at operating and exploration assets, we managed to launch three new fields in the reporting year. In May, we launched the Aksai Yuzhny field, in early December the Vostochny Urikhtau field, and completed 2023 with the commissioning of the Rozhkovskoye field.
At the end of November 2023, the deal to acquire a 60% stake from the French TotalEnergies in the Dunga oil and gas field, located in the Mangistau region, was completed. Oil production at the field for the reporting year amounted to 547 thous. tonnes, of which KMG’s share since entering the project is 40 thous. tonnes.
As part of the development of the trans-Caspian international transport route, we have started transporting oil towards Baku and further to the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, through which about 1 mln tonnes were shipped in 2023. Also, as part of the diversification of routes, we began transporting oil through the Atyrau-Samara oil pipeline and further through Transneft pipelines in the direction of Germany. At the end of 2023, we supplied about 1 mln tonnes of oil to Germany.
A significant event in January of the reporting year was the creation of a joint venture with partners from the United Arab Emirates, the Abu Dhabi Ports company, and the acquisition of two tankers Taraz and Liwa with a deadweight of 8 thous. tonnes. They are already involved in transporting Kazakh oil in the Caspian Sea.
Also, among the strategic goals, the Company systematically implements the planned tasks in the field of sustainable development, including its low-carbon development programme. For example, we are completing a feasibility study on the Mirny wind farm project with a capacity of 1 GW with Total Eren. Tender procedures for the selection of a contractor for the construction of facilities are planned for the hybrid power plant with Eni this year.
Highlights for 2023 compared to 2022:
KMG's proven and probable hydrocarbon reserves (2P) increased by 3.7% and amounted to 733 mln tonnes of oil equivalent;
Oil and gas condensate production increased by 6.9% and amounted to 23,532 thous. tonnes;
Oil transportation volumes increased by 7.6% and amounted to 80,359 thous. tonnes;
Hydrocarbons refining volumes at the Kazakh and Romanian refineries amounted to 19,593 thous. tonnes compared to 19,900 thous. tonnes.
Hydrocarbon reserves
According to reserves report prepared in compliance with international PRMS standards by the international independent firm DeGolyer&MacNaughton, KMG’s proved plus probable hydrocarbon reserves (2P) amounted to 733 mln tonnes of oil equivalent (5,680 mln boe) as of 31 December 2023. Compared to 2022, the level of 2P reserves increased by 3.7%. The growth in indicators was due to the actual measures taken to increase the volume of geological and technical measures, drilling wells and changing development plans aimed at replenishing production at operating assets, as well as clarifying the development plans at Kashagan and Karachaganak fields.
Net reserves under PRMS as of 31 December 2023
Upstream
Oil and gas condensate production volume for 2023 amounted to 23,532 thous. tonnes (486 kbopd) representing an increase of 6.9%. Production volume of associated and natural gas raised by 14.8% to 9,460 mln m³.
1 KMG’s share in the project increased to 16.88% after 15 September 2022
Oil production at Tengiz decreased by 1.0% and amounted to 5,779 thous. tonnes (126 kbopd). The decrease in production was due to the suspension of oil intake from the CPC oil intake system during scheduled maintenance of the oil pipeline and shutdowns of the marine terminal due to adverse weather conditions in the fourth quarter of 2023. Associated gas production decreased by 0.9%, and amounted to 3,202 mln m3.
Oil production at Kashagan for the share of KMG amounted to 3,108 thous. tonnes (68 kbopd), showing an increase of 121.8%, gas production amounted to 1,963 mln m3, an increase of 123.8%. The increase in production was mainly due to an increase in KMG's share in the project from 8.44% to 16.88% as a result of the completion of the transaction for the repurchase of a 50% stake in KMG Kashagan BV from Samruk-Kazyna in September 2022, as well as due to the shutdown of production in the summer of 2022 and capital and restoration work repairs of marine and land complexes.
Oil and condensate production at Karachaganak increased by 7.1% and amounted to 1,086 thous. tonnes (23 kbopd). Gas production increased by 15.1% and amounted to 2,239 mln m3. The increase in the possibility of receiving sour gas from the Orenburg Gas Processing Plant led to an increase in oil and condensate production.
The volume of oil and condensate production at operating assets decreased by 1.5% to 13,559 thous. tonnes (269 kbopd). Emergency power outages and capacity limitations by the Mangystau Nuclear Power Plant (MAEK) from July to September of the reporting year significantly affected the decline in production at the Ozenmunaigas fields and a number of other fields. Also, a decrease in production was observed in mature fields as a result of a natural drop in production. At the same time, the decline was partially offset by an increase in oil production at Embamunaigas, where successful geological and technical measures were carried out at mature fields and the Eastern Wing of the S. Nurzhanov field and the UAZ Severnoye were put into development.
In November 2023, the acquisition of KMG from TotalEnergies EP Danmark A/S (a subsidiary of TotalEnergies S.E.) of 100% of shares in the authorized capital of Total E&P Dunga GmbH, which owns the right of subsurface use in the Dunga project, was completed. Thus, KMG's share in the Dunga subsoil use project became 60%. The Dunga oil and gas field is located in the Tupkaragan district of the Mangystau region. The deposit was discovered in 1966. Geological reserves amount to 93 mln tonnes of oil and more than 7 bln cubic meters of gas.
Three gas projects were launched in the reporting year. On May 10, 2023, Kazgermunai began supplying gas from the Aksai Yuzhny field. The field is being developed by Kazgermunai, where JSC NC KazMunaiGas owns 50%.
On November 29 of the reporting year, Urikhtau Operating, with 100% KMG participation, commissioned the East Urikhtau field, which was the first in the Republic of Kazakhstan to use the Improved Model Contract.
On December 21, 2023, Ural Oil and Gas, 50% of which belongs to KMG, put into commercial operation the Rozhkovskoye gas condensate field in the West Kazakhstan region.
Midstream
The total volume of oil trunk pipelines and sea transportation increased by 7.6% to 80,359 thous. tonnes.
The volume of oil transportation through trunk pipelines increased by 6.5% and amounted to 69,581 thous. tonnes. The growth is due to an increase in the transportation of oil for export through the KazTransOil system towards Germany, the shipment of oil through the port of Aktau in the direction of Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan, as well as an increase in the delivery of oil from the Kashagan field to the CPC system.
The total volume of offshore oil transportation in the reporting year increased by 15.4% to 10,778 thous. tonnes. The increase in transportation volumes was mainly due to an increase in the export of Kazakh oil along the route Aktau port - Baku port and further along the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline.
Trading
Sales volumes of KMG's own produced oil and gas condensate increased by 7.1% and amounted to 23,695 thous. tonnes, of which 64.9% was exported.
Supplies of own produced oil and gas condensate volumes to cover the needs of the domestic market amounted to 8,311 thous. tonnes, including deliveries of crude oil from operating assets (Ozenmunaigas, Embamunaigas, Kazakhturkmunai and Urikhtau Operating) in the amount of 4,980 thous. tonnes to Atyrau, Pavlodar and Shymkent refineries for further oil refining and sales of oil products.
Downstream
The total volume of hydrocarbon processing compared to the same period in 2022 decreased by 1.5% and amounted to 19,593 thous. tonnes:
The volume of hydrocarbon refining at Kazakh refineries decreased by 0.4% and amounted to 14,206 thous. tonnes. The reduction in processing occurred mainly at the Shymkent refinery due to a decrease in load in the middle of the reporting year on the back of unscheduled repairs of the heat exchanger at the catalytic reforming and catalyst regeneration plant. The increase in refining volumes at the Atyrau refinery partially offset the decrease in the volumes at the Shymkent refinery.
The refining volume at KMG International's plants (Petromidia, Vega) in Romania decreased by 4.3% and amounted to 5,387 thous. tonnes. The reduction in the volume of processing occurred after the incident at the soft hydrocracking plant in mid-summer 2023. Restoration work continues at the facility, the completion of which has been postponed to the end of the first quarter of 2024, due to the large volume of repair work on the restoration of reactors related to ensuring the integrity of equipment and further safe operation of the facility.
The volume of production of oil products at Kazakh and Romanian refineries decreased by 2.7% and amounted to 18,138 thous. tonnes:
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 10
|
https://astanatimes.com/2023/12/kazakh-government-approves-development-plan-of-major-oil-gas-petrochemical-projects/
|
en
|
Kazakh Government Approves Development Plan of Major Oil
|
[
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/67106500",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/uploads/worldnomadgames.jpeg",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/themes/astanatimes/build/images/layout/kazakhstan-news.png",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/c2c97c8881b454761b8484e580e4ee3e.jpeg",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/themes/astanatimes/build/images/layout/astana-kazakhstan-news.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Aruzhan Ualikhanova"
] |
2023-12-07T08:00:01+00:00
|
Kazakh Government Approves Development Plan of Major Oil-Gas, Petrochemical Projects
|
en
|
https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/themes/astanatimes/assets/images/icons/news-in-kazakhstan.ico
|
The Astana Times
|
https://astanatimes.com/2023/12/kazakh-government-approves-development-plan-of-major-oil-gas-petrochemical-projects/
|
ASTANA – Kazakh Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov signed a government decree approving a comprehensive plan for developing major oil and gas and petrochemical projects for 2023-2027, the Prime Minister’s press service reported.
The plan is aimed at meeting the needs of the domestic market. The document encompasses 20 projects in the oil and gas industry, oil and gas processing, and petrochemistry, with an expected investment volume of $37.3 billion. It implies large-scale works at the Tengiz, Karachaganak, and Kashagan fields, Kazakhstan’s three major oil and gas fields.
By 2027, the Kazakh government plans to increase oil production to 105.5 million tons and gas production to 82.1 billion tons.
The government envisaged implementing three projects to provide the internal market with petroleum products. The major one will increase the capacities of the Shymkent refinery from six to 12 million tons by 2029. As a result, the country will produce 18 million tons of petroleum products per year.
To ensure oil supplies to the Shymkent plant, the government will expand the capacities of Kenkiyak-Atyrau oil pipelines from six to 15 million tons per year and Kenkiyak-Kumkol oil pipelines from ten to 20 million tons per year.
Kazakhstan is also considering constructing the first integrated gas chemical complex to produce polyethylene with a capacity of 1.25 million tons. On top of that, the country plans to develop an infrastructure project for a gas separation complex with a processing capacity of 9.1 billion. The goal is to boost the production of petrochemical products, stimulate investment flows, and reveal the potential of the Tengiz field.
There are also seven exploration and field development projects with a total investment of nearly $10 billion, including the development and preparation for production at the Kalamkas-Sea and Khazar fields, the development of the Urikhtau gas condensate field, and the geological prospecting on Karaton-Podsolevoy field.
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 2
|
https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/mi/country-industry-forecasting.html%3Fid%3D1065929070
|
en
|
Page Not Found
|
[
"https://www.spglobal.com/_media/images/logo-spglobal.svg",
"https://www.spglobal.com/_assets/images/logos/marketplace.png",
"https://www.spglobal.com/_assets/images/icons/login.register.png 1x, /_assets/images/icons/login.register.-2x.png 2x",
"https://www.spglobal.com/_media/images/logo-spglobal.svg",
"https://www.spglobal.com/_assets/images/marketintelligence/logo-mi.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Error Page - Page not found
|
S&P Global
|
https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/mi/error.html
|
Featured Events
WebinarFiber Investments in the Spotlight Navigating the Data Center Frenzy and Tower Asset Evolution
09/04/2024
Live, Online
2:00 - 3:00 PM BST / 9:00 - 10:00 AM EDT
In Person8th Annual European Perspectives Seminar: The Big Picture
09/26/2024
The Charles Hotel Sophienstraße 28 München, 80333
10:00 -17:00 CEST
|
||||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 11
|
https://www.worldoil.com/news/2024/7/1/chevron-to-reprocess-seismic-data-in-kazakhstan-with-potential-gas-exploration-plans-in-sight/
|
en
|
Chevron to reprocess seismic data in Kazakhstan with potential gas exploration plans in sight
|
[
"https://www.worldoil.com/images/logo.png",
"https://www.worldoil.com/media/bc2hgomj/668238c0ac8fc969979683.jpg?width=300",
"https://www.worldoil.com/images/logo.png",
"https://www.worldoil.com/images/ice.png",
"https://www.worldoil.com/images/cme_group.png",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1359141014132410&ev=PageView&noscript=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Chevron",
"Kazakhstan",
"exploration",
"seismic"
] | null |
[] |
2024-07-01T00:00:00
|
NC JSC QazaqGaz (QazaqGaz) and Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc., have signed a cooperation agreement which will entail potential geological exploration at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe region, near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields.
|
en
|
/images/favicon/favicon-32x32.png
| null |
(WO) – NC JSC QazaqGaz (QazaqGaz) and Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc., have signed a cooperation agreement which will entail potential geological exploration at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe region, near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields.
Negotiations and technical preparations for this project have been ongoing for the past year. In the initial phase, Chevron will reprocess existing seismic data and develop technical interpretations. The respective parties view the signed agreement as a potential starting point for more extensive collaboration.
"We are pleased to strengthen our cooperation with QazaqGaz through this important gas project. Our strategic partnership with Kazakhstan has spanned more than three decades, and this agreement creates new opportunities for potentially advancing Kazakhstan's energy sector. Chevron recognizes the importance of gas development and related potential opportunities within Kazakhstan's gas industry", said Derek Magness, Managing Director for Chevron’s Eurasia Business Unit.
"We look forward to working with Chevron to find possible new gas prospects. Further geological exploration and development of a potential gas condensate or oil and gas condensate field at the Zhalibek site is expected to enhance the commercial gas resource base and drive economic growth in the country. In line with the Head of State's directive to accelerate exploration projects in the gas sector, we are pleased to announce that Kazakhstan's gas industry potential is increasingly attracting international investors and multinational companies", said Sanzhar Zharkeshov, Chairman of the Management Board of QazaqGaz.
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 13
|
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/chevron-cvx-qazaqgaz-sign-gas-095300065.html
|
en
|
Chevron (CVX), QazaqGaz Sign a Gas Exploration Agreement
|
https://media.zenfs.com/en/zacks.com/47a5c91ee32230c2f83ce3b58ad1263c
|
https://media.zenfs.com/en/zacks.com/47a5c91ee32230c2f83ce3b58ad1263c
|
[
"https://finance.yahoo.com/_td_api/beacon/info?beaconType=noJSenabled&bucket=finance-US-en-US-def&code=pageRender&device=desktop&lang=en-US&pageName=deeplink®ion=US&rid=047eqvpjcr1n6&site=finance&t=1724745446781",
"https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/Qv0MBb59ODnEjFUVEDOeVQ--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNjtoPTQ4/https://s.yimg.com/os/creatr-uploaded-images/2020-11/3bc15d30-250e-11eb-bffb-472fe5eb11fe",
"https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/MvnnYndyqz9WFqnpwJwu.w--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTk2MDtoPTYwNQ--/https://media.zenfs.com/en/zacks.com/47a5c91ee32230c2f83ce3b58ad1263c",
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=7241469&c5=1183300001&c7=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fchevron-cvx-qazaqgaz-sign-gas-095300065.html&c14=-1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Zacks Equity Research"
] |
2024-07-04T09:53:00+00:00
|
Chevron's (CVX) subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc. and QazaqGaz join forces to explore gas resources in Kazakhstan, strengthening a three-decade relationship and boosting economic growth.
|
en
|
https://s.yimg.com/rz/l/favicon.ico
|
Yahoo Finance
|
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/chevron-cvx-qazaqgaz-sign-gas-095300065.html
|
Chevron Corporation CVX, a leading multinational energy company, has entered into a significant cooperation agreement through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc. with QazaqGaz, Kazakhstan's national gas company. This partnership is focused on the geological exploration of potential gas resources at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe region, near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields. The agreement marks a key moment in CVX's longstanding relationship with Kazakhstan, spanning over three decades.
Background of the Agreement
Negotiations and Preparation: In the past year, CVX and QazaqGaz have engaged in detailed negotiations and technical preparations for the Zhalibek project. This collaborative effort highlights the companies’ commitment to advancing Kazakhstan's energy sector through strategic gas exploration and development.
Scope of the Project: In the initial phase, CVX plans to reprocess existing seismic data and conduct thorough technical interpretations at the Zhalibek site. This step is crucial for identifying potential gas condensate or oil and gas condensate fields, which can enhance Kazakhstan's commercial gas resource base.
Chevron's Perspective
Strategic Importance: Derek Magness, managing director for Chevron’s Eurasia Business Unit, emphasized the strategic importance of the partnership with QazaqGaz, stating that the partnership has driven mutual growth and created new opportunities in the region's energy landscape.
Commitment to Gas Development: CVX recognizes the growing importance of gas development in Kazakhstan. The agreement with QazaqGaz aligns with CVX's broader strategy to capitalize on emerging opportunities in the global energy market, particularly in regions that are rich in natural resources like Kazakhstan.
QazaqGaz's Vision
Economic Impact: Sanzhar Zharkeshov, chairman of QazaqGaz's Management Board, emphasized the expected economic benefits of the Zhalibek project, stating that the exploration and development of gas condensate fields are anticipated to boost Kazakhstan's economic growth, which is in line with national directives.
Attracting International Investment: Zharkeshov further emphasized that Kazakhstan's robust gas industry potential is increasingly attracting international investors and multinational corporations like CVX. This trend highlights Kazakhstan's attractiveness as a strategic hub for energy investments in Central Asia.
Conclusion
The cooperation agreement between CVX and QazaqGaz marks a significant milestone in Kazakhstan's gas exploration landscape. It reflects CVX's commitment to sustainable energy development and its strategic partnership with Kazakhstan. Moving forward, the reprocessing of seismic data and technical interpretations at the Zhalibek site will open the way for potential discoveries, which will contribute to the country's economic prosperity and energy security.
Zacks Rank and Other Key Picks
Currently, CVX carries a Zacks Rank #2 (Buy).
Investors interested in the energy sector might look at some other top-ranked stocks like Sunoco LP SUN, sporting a Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy) and SM Energy Company SM and Coterra Energy Inc. CTRA, each carrying a Zacks Rank #2, at present. You can see the complete list of today’s Zacks #1 Rank stocks here.
Sunoco is valued at $5.66 billion. It is a major wholesale motor fuel distributor in the United States, distributing over 10 fuel brands through long-term contracts with more than 10,000 convenience stores, ensuring consistent cash flow.
SUN’s extensive distribution network across 40 states provides a robust and reliable source of income and the Brownsville terminal expansion should add to its revenue diversification.
Denver, CO-based SM Energyis valued at $5.1 billion. The company currently pays a dividend of 72 cents per share, or 1.62%, on an annual basis.
SM, an independent energy company, engages in the acquisition, exploration, development and production of oil, gas and natural gas liquids in the state of Texas.
Coterra Energy is valued at $19.93 billion. The company currently pays a dividend of 84 cents per share, or 3.14%, on an annual basis.
CTRA is an independent upstream operator engaged in the exploration, development and production of natural gas, crude oil and natural gas liquids.
Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days. Click to get this free report
Chevron Corporation (CVX) : Free Stock Analysis Report
Sunoco LP (SUN) : Free Stock Analysis Report
SM Energy Company (SM) : Free Stock Analysis Report
Coterra Energy Inc. (CTRA) : Free Stock Analysis Report
To read this article on Zacks.com click here.
|
||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 9
|
https://www.kmg.kz/en/company/projects/all/urikhtau/
|
en
|
Oriktau
|
[
"https://www.kmg.kz/upload/iblock/2d3/z0axm9nlxjdepaub1u8dgldn6bzlzipk/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82.JPG",
"https://www.kmg.kz/local/templates/main/assets/img/otinish.svg",
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/47598820"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
| null |
The project is divided into two Phases:
Phase 1 – Stage 1: commissioning of 2 wells at the Eastern Urikhtau field with oil treatment and transportation facilities – commissioned (November 2020);
Stage 2: drilling and commissioning of 4 wells at the Eastern Urikhtau field with gas treatment and transportation facilities - under implementation (May 2023).
Phase 2 – full-scale development of the Central Urikhtau field - the Concept is being developed (June 2022).
|
||||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 49
|
https://www.insightturkey.com/articles/kazakhstans-multi-vectorism-and-sino-russian-relations
|
en
|
Kazakhstan’s Multi-Vectorism and Sino-Russian Relations, Articles Ruoxi Du, Mariya Y. Omelicheva
|
[
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/46912515",
"https://www.insightturkey.com/articles/templates/insight/img/logo.png",
"https://www.insightturkey.com/articles/images/news/2018/11/14/rs-omelichevadu-1.jpg",
"https://www.insightturkey.com/images/news/2018/11/14/rs-omelichevadu-2.jpg",
"https://www.insightturkey.com/images/news/2018/11/14/rs-omelichevadu-3.jpg",
"https://www.insightturkey.com/articles/images/banner/it-oncalibro.jpg",
"https://www.insightturkey.com/articles/images/banner/3d-350x601.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Mariya Y. Omelicheva",
"Ruoxi Du"
] |
2018-11-14T14:55:24+03:00
|
Using the case of Sino-Russian competition over Central Asian energy and transportation networks, this study asks why Russia has refrained from...
|
en
|
https://www.insightturkey.com/templates/insight/img/favicon.ico
|
Insight Turkey
|
https://www.insightturkey.com/articles/kazakhstans-multi-vectorism-and-sino-russian-relations
|
Introduction1
Little-known to the outside world in the wake of the Soviet Union’s dissolution, Central Asia occupies a more prominent place in international affairs today. Its strategic importance in the geopolitical and energy calculi of Russia, China, and the United States, in addition to India, Turkey, Iran, and countries of Europe and Asia has grown in the recent decade. Among the five Central Asian republics, three have extensive oil and natural gas deposits. Kazakhstan’s Tengiz oil and gas field is the sixth largest oil field in the world. With over 170 oil fields, the country possesses nearly three percent of global oil reserves,2 and its proven gas reserves rank 15th in the world.3 In 2011, auditors from Gaffney, Cline & Associates estimated Turkmenistan’s gas reserves as second only to Russia’s proven natural gas reserves. The volume of Uzbekistan’s natural gas deposits is modest compared to the natural endowments of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. It nonetheless has an abundance of fossil fuels available for domestic consumption and export.
The growing presence of China, the world’s largest energy consumer, in the Central Asian energy sector has been disconcerting to Russia, whose political clout in the region has been largely contingent on its access to energy resources and exclusive control over energy transportation routes. Many analysts have predicted that the colliding interests of Russia and China in Central Asia would inevitably lead to a rupture in the relationship between the two great powers.4 Contrary to these grim predictions, Moscow and Beijing have been able to avoid political disputes. The dominant explanations for the placidity of Sino-Russian relations have given little heed to the role played by “secondary” states caught in the midst of the greater powers’ competition over power, resources, and influence. Yet history is replete with examples of these less-powerful states escalating great powers’ tensions and contributing to regional and global crises. The Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych’s refusal to sign an association agreement with the EU prompted mass protests in Ukraine that deposed the president but also provided a pretext for Russia’s eventual annexation of Crimea. The Georgia-Russia “gas and wine wars” pitted Moscow against Europe and the U.S. These and other examples demonstrate how “secondary” states’ foreign policy choices can have wider consequences and implications.5
By making tactical concessions to Moscow, while expanding its cooperation with Beijing, Kazakhstan has been able to deflate Russia’s fear of losing its relative power position in the region
This study illuminates the role of Kazakhstan’s multi-vector foreign policy in preempting the emergence of issues conducive to the rise of tensions in Sino-Russian relations. By making tactical concessions to Moscow, while expanding its cooperation with Beijing, Kazakhstan has been able to deflate Russia’s fear of losing its relative power position in the region. By leveraging big partners against each other, Astana has contributed to a balance of power in Central Asia where neither state has been able to have an upper hand in either the military-political or economic realm.
The article begins with an overview of the heightened competition over Central Asian energy resources followed by a brief discussion of explanations of cooperation between Moscow and Beijing. In the second part, we examine the concrete strategies employed by the Kazakh government to safeguard its independence and to mitigate tensions in relations between Russia and China by means of multi-vectorism.
Conditions for Sino-Russian Rivalry in Central Asia
Central Asia has always mattered to Moscow. In the 1990s, Russia’s economic, political, and military problems stymied the realization of the Kremlin’s goal of regaining influence in the former Soviet states. The global economic situation at the beginning of the 21st century was favorable to Russia’s Central Asian ambitions, while the post-9/11 context provided Moscow with a pretext for stepping up its involvements in the region’s security realm. During Vladimir Putin’s tenure as President and Prime Minister of Russia, Moscow significantly expanded its security and economic cooperation with the Central Asian states. Russia leveraged its access to Central Asian natural resources and control over energy transportation routes to promote its geopolitical and economic interests in the region.
From an economic standpoint, the resale of cheap Central Asian gas and oil to European customers, and the use of imported energy for government-subsidized domestic consumption, afforded Russia considerable direct benefits at a time of high world market prices for energy resources. The Russian monopoly over gas and oil transportation routes provided the Kremlin with a powerful bargaining chip in negotiations for lower import prices on Central Asian gas and oil.6 From a geopolitical perspective, exerting control over Central Asian energy resources became a viable strategy for reasserting Russian influence not only over the Central Asian republics, but also Ukraine and Georgia by means of rerouting cheap natural gas to these energy-dependent republics trying to escape Moscow’s orbit of influence. The domination of Central Asian energy exports also awarded the Russian government significant leverage vis-à-vis member-states of the European Union dependent on Russia’s energy supplies.
Russia’s monopolistic aspiration in the Central Asian energy sector has been challenged by China’s rapidly growing energy demands.7 While the bulk of China’s oil imports originate in the Middle East, Central Asian energy resources have become increasingly attractive to the Chinese government due to the ongoing political instability in the Persian Gulf region and the remoteness of the Middle East petroleum wells. Beijing has invested heavily in oil and gas field development in Central Asia, as well as in constructing or renovating the pipelines’ infrastructure to meet its demand for energy resources. Simultaneously with China’s growing presence in the Central Asian fossil fuels market, Chinese state enterprises have made inroads into various economic and industrial sectors of the Central Asian states. By 2007, China had surpassed Russia as the major trade partner in Central Asia with Astana becoming Beijing’s largest trading partner in the region.8 The 2008 global financial crisis further undermined Russia’s dominant position in the Central Asian energy sector. The diversification of energy networks allowed the Central Asian governments to strengthen their bargaining position vis-à-vis Moscow, which had been forced to pay near market price for Central Asian gas and oil.
Most of the analyses of Russian foreign policy consider it as an exemplar of realpolitik behavior explainable by the tenets of political realism.9 Realists of all genres characterize international politics in zero-sum terms and emphasize the enduring propensity for conflict among states vying for power and domination.10 The extent to which a state engages in power politics depends on its relative power position. In other words, a state’s foreign policy is ultimately driven by shifts in the distribution of power within an international system. In Central Asia, China’s rise has resulted in changes in Russia’s relative power position in the region. Given the centrality of energy politics to Russia’s international and regional standing, China, which has broken Russia’s monopoly on the transportation networks and eroded its share of the Central Asian energy market, represents a geopolitical rival to Moscow in the region.11 Subsequently, Russia and China have long been expected to experience increased tension in their bilateral relations.12 Why hasn’t Russia resorted to the familiar power politics consistent with realpolitik in its relations with Beijing?
Russia and China’s shared interests in maintaining a broader strategic partnership have been frequently noted as a mitigating factor to their conflicting aspirations. Signed into the 2001 Sino-Russia Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation, the strategic partnership between Moscow and Beijing was fueled by fears of NATO’s eastward expansion. The Sino-Russian cooperation was cemented by shared apprehension and dismay over Western meddling in the domestic politics of sovereign states in the wake of the “color” revolutions in Georgia (2003), Ukraine (2004-2005), and Kyrgyzstan (2005). Today, Russia and China continue challenging the U.S.-led liberal international order by establishing and promulgating their own rules for managing international relations and global security.
The lack of attention to the Chinese vector in Russian foreign policy has also been accounted for by the peculiarities of Russia’s geopolitical thinking and reasons of national identity that led Moscow to construe the West, especially the U.S., as its primary Other
The lack of attention to the Chinese vector in Russian foreign policy has also been accounted for by the peculiarities of Russia’s geopolitical thinking and reasons of national identity that led Moscow to construe the West, especially the U.S., as its primary Other.13 In addition, both Russia and China share common concerns about regional security, cross-border stability, and the inviolability of regimes, including authoritarian ones.14 The regional multilateral institutions, particularly the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), have been noted for their ability to provide forums for facilitating regional cooperation, particularly in counteracting the “three evil forces” of terrorism, extremism, and separatism.15
Critics of these explanations point out that a full-fledged alliance between Russia and China against the U.S. is out of the question as China, in particular, has strong disincentives for breaking its ties with the U.S. The Russian leadership has lingering fears of Chinese hegemony and a degree of distrust for the Chinese. The Russian political discourse has long tried to project the image of Russia as a Western and European nation, and many in the Russian political establishment question the suitability of Russia’s strategic partnership with China to Moscow’s national interests.16 The two countries have ongoing disagreements over the military vs. economic emphasis in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The Chinese leadership has also expressed disappointment with the Kremlin’s strengthening of its military ties with India, which has unresolved long-standing border issues, growing economic concerns, and lingering suspicions of China that resulted in the militarization of the shared border regions in both states.
To these critiques of the dominant explanations of Sino-Russian relations, we add their neglect of the role played by the Central Asian republics themselves. The latter has been deemed to have little autonomy in international relations except as the allies of great power states. Functioning in the shadow of the larger states, these “secondary” countries have been expected to comply with the great powers’ interests (i.e., “bandwagon”), ally with other states in an attempt to counterbalance the power of a preponderant state,17 or “hedge” by cultivating a middle position that forestalls or avoids having to choose one side at the expense of another.18
Contrary to this prevailing understanding, we argue that the Central Asian republics have grown the capacity to develop and employ strategies which have allowed them to overcome many of the handicaps of their lesser power status. One of these strategies is that of multi-vectorism. This refers to a type of foreign policy based on the principles of pragmatism, rejection of permanent alliances with any other nation, and a non-preferential and non-ideological basis of foreign relations.19 Multi-vectorism is different from both balancing and bandwagoning. It includes an ever-increasing range of approaches designed to increase a smaller state’s bargaining power in relations with greater powers by means of tactical maneuvering. In that, it resembles a “hedging” strategy, but is not limited to it since “wedging” tactics may be employed as part of the smaller state’s mutli-vector foreign policy strategy.20
In the following section, we demonstrate how several tactics utilized by Kazakhstan as part of its multi-vector foreign policy approach –in particular, the strategies of inclusion, tactical concessions, and diplomatic persuasion– have helped Astana maintain the perception of a strategic and geopolitical balance among the power players in Central Asia. These tactics have assisted Kazakhstan in enhancing its bargaining power in relations with Moscow and attaining greater autonomy in its foreign policy actions toward other states as well.
Kazakhstan’s Multi-Vector Strategies
The multi-vector approach to foreign policy has been the cornerstone of Kazakhstan’s foreign relations since its independence. Announced by Kazakhstan’s president Nursultan Nazarbayev in 1992 as part of the republic’s first foreign policy concept, it was designed with an explicit purpose of enabling the government of the newly independent state to pursue cooperative and non-ideological relations with other states in all directions of Kazakhstan’s foreign policy.21 Establishing relations with regional and global partners was imperative for Kazakhstan’s development. Its landlocked position and extensive borders with Russia and China imposed significant geopolitical constraints on Kazakhstan that were reinforced by its economic dependence on exports of natural resources, particularly oil and gas. By some estimates, energy exports account for nearly 70 percent of Kazakhstan’s total exports and constitute about 40 percent of government revenue.22 European consumers import around three-quarters of Kazakhstan’s crude oil, but delivering energy to the European partners ultimately depends on pipeline routes controlled by Russia. Thus, the Kazakh government has sought to offset Russia’s influence through the diversification of political and economic ties with other power centers in the region, including China, the U.S. and the European states. Under these conditions, Kazakhstan has engaged in what some have termed “opportunistic multi-alignment,” in which it simultaneously pursues “positive relations and advantages via-a-vis greater powers” and plays greater powers against each other.23
Astana’s strategy of inclusion has been used to ensure that no single country could attain exclusive rights to Kazakhstan’s energy sector
Consistent with its multi-vector principles, Kazakhstan has established cooperative and beneficial relations with Russia, China, the U.S., European countries, and other states with existing or potential bearing on the economic and political relations of the republic. In the economic and energy sector, for example, Kazakhstan has supported Moscow’s efforts at economic integration in the post-Soviet space and granted Russian companies control over the majority of Kazakhstan’s oil exports and a substantial share in the development of oil and gas fields.24 In 2014, Astana joined the Eurasian Economic Union along with Russia, Belarus, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan. Kazakhstan has also been central to Beijing’s economic initiatives in Central Asia. In late 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping unveiled his “One Belt, One Road” strategy. Encompassing the land-based Silk Road Economic Belt and the Maritime Silk Road, the strategy pursues greater connectivity and cooperation between China and Central Asia through economic and transportation integration as well as cultural exchange.25 The Khorgos Gateway, a dry port connecting Kazakhstan to China by rail, has placed Astana at the center of Beijing’s initiative to construct the Europe-China rail link.
The framework of multi-vectorism has also been applied in Kazakhstan’s security relations. The republic has maintained strong defense ties with Moscow and has been a key player in the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) spearheaded by the Kremlin. Astana provides important military facilities for Moscow, leasing more than 11 million hectares of the republic’s land for this aim, and partakes systematically in joint military exercises and training with other CSTO members. In 2010, the Kazakh government agreed to the establishment of the Collective Rapid Reaction Force (CRRF) of the CSTO advocated by Russia. Parallel to defense and military cooperation with Russia, Kazakhstan has intensified its cooperation with the U.S./NATO and Beijing. Using the framework of the Partnership for Peace program as the basis for cooperation with NATO, Kazakhstan has participated in numerous joint military events, exercises, and forums with NATO, and education and military training with the U.S.26 It is the only Central Asian republic whose peacekeeping battalion (KAZBAT) achieved an interoperability status with NATO’s peacekeeping force in 2008. Kazakhstan has also pursued military cooperation with China through the framework of the SCO. In December 2012, Kazakhstan and China agreed to enhance military-to-military cooperation in order to “deepen military ties.”27
The government of Kazakhstan has skillfully employed diplomatic tools and persuasion to reduce the Kremlin’s concerns over the loss of its footing in Central Asia
How has Astana’s multi-vector foreign policy strategy contributed to the mitigation of great power competition? To avoid antagonizing Kazakhstan’s larger neighbors, particularly Russia, while simultaneously pursuing its own national aims, the government of Kazakhstan has relied on the following tactics. First, the strategy of inclusion has always been a part of its multi-vector foreign policy, especially in the energy sector. The Kazakh government invited companies from Russia, China, and other interested countries to important tenders for energy development contracts, but it also capitalized on the temporary absence or weakness of one partner for developing economic and political ties with others states. For example, in the early 1990s, Russia almost completely disengaged from Central Asia, opting to forge a partnership with the West. The resulting vacuum of power and resources provided both an imperative and an opportunity for the Kazakh government to seek and establish foreign relations with other partners. During this time, Kazakhstan was able to secure Washington’s financial assistance and political backing for procuring financial aid from other Western countries and international financial institutions, which were indispensable to keeping the shattered Kazakh economy afloat.28 The established cooperative relations with the U.S. were later used as leverage in Kazakhstan’s difficult relations with Russia. During that time, Kazakhstan sustained its economic and military ties with the Russian state and invited its companies to participate in the energy tenders. In 1997, for example, the Kazakh government held an auction for developing the Aktobe oil field. The state-owned Chinese National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) made the best offer and won the tender for Aktobe, but other companies from Russia and China were also invited to take part in the bid.29 All in all, Astana’s strategy of inclusion has been used to ensure that no single country could attain exclusive rights to Kazakhstan’s energy sector. This strategy has helped to alleviate Russia’s fears of deception and cheating on what Moscow deemed as its own legitimate interests in the region since it effectively prevented other states from gaining a relative advantage in the republic’s energy sector.30
Chinese Vice Premier Gaoli (R) and Russia’s Deputy PM Dvorkovich (L) attend a signing ceremony after the annual meeting of the China-Russia Energy Cooperation Committee on September 20, 2017 in Beijing, China.SONG JIHE / CHINA NEWS SERVICE / Getty Images
Two other strategies that allowed Kazakhstan to keep the great powers’ tensions at bay and pursue its independent foreign policy goals have been tactical concessions to its partners to deflate their fears of losing their relative power position in the region and leveraging big partners against each other as a means of circumventing the dominance of either one of them. Kazakhstan’s maneuvering in the dispute over the demarcation of the Caspian Sea exemplifies the skillful application of tactical concessions and leveraging by its government. Although Astana preferred to see the Caspian Sea divided into several national sectors with each littoral state exercising exclusive authority over its sea segment, it informally conceded to Russia’s demands for establishing joint control of all littoral states over the Caspian Sea. This was done to conciliate Moscow, and thereby ensure an uninterrupted inflow of foreign direct investment into Kazakhstan’s oil and gas sectors. Later, the Kazakh government reverted to its favored position, having secured support from Western oil companies which began drilling in the Kazakhstan sector of the Caspian Sea. Pressure from Western companies interested in having the Caspian basin divided into national economic zones compelled the Russian government to backtrack on its initial position.31 In the end, an agreement reached in Aktau, Kazakhstan, in August 2018, between the five countries with shorelines on the Caspian Sea, reflects a compromise that treats the surface as international water and divides the seabed into territorial zones. An added stipulation that bans any country without Caspian shoreline from deploying military vessels in the sea has been perceived as a major victory for Moscow.32
The distribution of oil contracts for the Tengiz oil field, the largest proven onshore field in the post-Soviet territory, also exemplifies the use of tactical concessions by Kazakhstan. Following the creation of Tengizchevroil, a joint venture between the Kazakh government and American Chevron, which received the first oil contract for the Tengiz onshore field, Russia began obstructing the transfer of Tengiz oil through its Atyrau-Samara pipeline under the pretext of finding sulphur compounds in Kazakh oil. The Russian restrictions almost forced Chevron to drop out of the contract. The situation improved once the Kazakh government agreed to sell half of its share in the Tengizchevroil project to the Russian oil firm Lukoil. To avoid similar problems on another oil and gas project in Karachaganak, the Kazakh authorities invited Russia’s Lukoil into the Karachaganak project in 1995.33
Kazakhstan’s multi-vectorism reveals the ability of a less powerful state to engage with and moderate relations among dominant actors with competing interests
In other energy projects, including those signed with Chinese firms, the Kazakh government made sure to keep significant stakes in the joint ventures to guarantee state control over the petroleum resources and maintain some ‘wiggle room’ to maneuver for accommodating competitors’ interests and averting their reprisals to Kazakhstan’s foreign policy choices.34 For instance, in 2005, when the CNPC was finalizing the purchase of PetroKazakhstan, the government of President Nazarbayev managed to take into its possession a third of PetroKazakhstan’s shares through the state-owned firm, KazMunayGas, which also serves as a regulator of the gas and oil industry in the republic.35 To assuage Russia’s concerns over China’s accession to Kazakhstan’s oil sector, the Kazakh government relied on its administrative control over the Kazakh court system to allow Russia’s Lukoil to acquire a controlling share in Turgai Petroleum, a subsidiary of PetroKazakhstan, in addition to awarding the Russian company with a lump sum of money in settlements over sharing Turgai Petroleum’s oil revenues.36 The case of Turgai Petroleum, which is jointly owned by Chinese and Kazakhstani state-owned companies (50 percent) and a Russian state-owned firm (50 percent), is exemplary, in that it demonstrates Kazakhstan’s ability to mitigate conflicting interests between great powers while simultaneously attaining its own domestic and foreign policy aims. As a result of these concessions, Russia was able to develop a robust position in Kazakhstan’s fuel and energy sector. Russia’s Lukoil operates seven projects in Kazakhstan and has shares in the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC). Two other Russian companies –Rosneft and Transneft– transport Kazakh oil through the Atasu-Alashankou and Atyrau-Samara pipelines. Russia’s Gazprom has a 50 percent stake in LLP KazRosGas established to consolidate efforts across a number of energy projects.37
Finally, the government of Kazakhstan has skillfully employed diplomatic tools and persuasion to reduce the Kremlin’s concerns over the loss of its footing in Central Asia. The Kazakh authorities have regularly assured the Russian government that Russian energy firms would be able to take part in multinational ventures operating in Kazakhstan.38 The Nazarbayev government has been careful to avoid antagonizing the Kremlin over Kazakhstan’s dealings with other states. In their public statements, Kazakh officials emphasize the positive dimensions in the mixture of cooperative-competitive interests characterizing Kazakhstan-Russia relations.39 For instance, the CPC pipeline, in which Russia holds a controlling 24 percent stake, has been presented as a model of cooperation between Kazakhstan and Russia. The expansion of the CPC pipeline formalized in 2011 has been portrayed as a sign of commitment to growing the commercial ties between these two countries and a symbol of confidence shared by these states in the long-term cooperation over oil transportation from Caspian Sea oil fields.40 With its increasing crude oil production, Kazakhstan has also been promoting pipeline expansion projects simultaneously with different parties –deals were signed to expand CPC and Kazakhstan-China oil pipelines respectively in January and April 2013.41
Another example of Kazakhstan’s diplomacy in the energy sector may be seen in the back-to-back visits of president Nazarbayev to China and Russia in 2011. Kazakhstan’s leader first paid a three-day state visit to China, where he met with Chinese president Hu Jintao, and the two sides signed a number of agreements in the spheres of energy, industrial financing, and transport.42 This visit also secured CNPC’s right to tap the Urikhtau gas field in western Kazakhstan.43 Several days later, the Kazakh president traveled to Moscow, where he held talks with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and vowed to boost strategic bilateral cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan.44 In particular, Nazarbayev claimed that nearly all the oil produced in Kazakhstan would be transited through Russia.45 Both Russia and China understand that Nazarbayev’s words should be treated primarily as diplomatic rhetoric rather than solid promises. However, it is clear that his skillful discourse and activities have been effective in sustaining non-antagonistic relations with Kazakhstan’s great power neighbors on its northern and eastern borders.
Conclusion
We began this study by highlighting a puzzle in Sino-Russian relations in the energy sector in Central Asia. We asked why, despite its competing interests with China, Russia has been able to avoid political disputes with Beijing. While acknowledging the importance of the global great power dynamics and the presence of mutual interests that reinforce strategic cooperation between Moscow and Beijing, this study showed how the multi-vector foreign policy of Kazakhstan has contributed to mitigating potential conflict in Sino-Russian relations. Kazakhstan’s tactical concessions, strategies of inclusion, and diplomatic persuasion have allowed it to sustain a perception of balance in the relative power capabilities of dominant powers in Central Asia and foster a sense of legitimacy and acceptance of changes in the regional order. Kazakhstan’s multi-vectorism reveals the ability of a less powerful state to engage with and moderate relations among dominant actors with competing interests. Russia’s foreign policy toward Kazakhstan has changed as well. Its influence has become more conciliatory than forceful and increasingly reliant on soft power tools, rather than threats or neglect of Kazakhstan’s interests.46
Presidents of China, Kazakhstan and Russia pose for a group photo after a meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Heads of State Council on June 9, 2017. MIKHAIL METZEL / Getty Images
Kazakhstan’s multi-vectorism has been gauged as largely successful. Astana has skillfully navigated relations with Russia and developed burgeoning ties with Beijing. It has remained the most reliable partner of the U.S. and an acclaimed partner of the countries in Europe. The Nazarbayev government has managed to sustain its multi-vector foreign policy orientation in the wake of the heightened political competition in the region unfolding against the backdrop of the divergent integration projects sponsored by the major players in Central Asia. Russia has been pushing for the Moscow-led integration, especially in the economic domain, through the Eurasian Economic Union, which was established in May 2013 and is comprised of Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, and Armenia. Beijing has been advancing its China-centric Silk Road Economic Belt project. Washington has not renounced its New Silk Road Initiative announced by the Obama Administration in 2011.
Kazakhstan has not been alone in its pursuit of balanced relationships with the major regional and global powers without discrimination or special privileges conferred on any of them. Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Kyrgyzstan, among several other post-Soviet states, have proclaimed that multi-vectorism would serve as the guiding principle in their foreign policy conduct. No other state, however, has succeeded to date in the practical realization of the principle of multi-vectorism.
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Kyrgyzstan, among several other post-Soviet states, have proclaimed that multi-vectorism would serve as the guiding principle in their foreign policy conduct
The success of Kazakhstan’s multi-vector approach is certainly attributable to its ownership of valuable natural resources in high demand by other states. The overlapping energy dependences and interests of Kazakhstan, on one side, and Russia, China, and certain European countries, on the other, awarded the Nazarbayev government with an important trump in its relations with the regional and global powers that could be used for extracting concessions and spurring collaboration in the energy sector, as well as other areas of foreign relations. Furthermore, Kazakhstan’s strategic location as a gateway between Europe and Asia has been conducive to playing a balancing act between Russia and China. This unique intercontinental position has shaped Kazakhstan’s image as a “transcontinental economic bridge” between the West and the East and its identity as a Eurasian nation that, in turn, has helped to cement the state’s doctrine of multi-vector foreign policy.47
Kazakhstan’s energy resources awarded the Kazakh government with both capabilities and leverage in foreign relations, but it is the skillful diplomacy, personal ambitions and character of Kazakhstan’s longstanding president, and the health and robustness of state power institutions that put these capabilities to service of Kazakhstan’s interests and needs. The aptitude of the Kazakh government in navigating the overlapping and often conflicting interests of many global actors with considerable tact and skill has been an important factor in Kazakhstan’s achievements not only in its foreign policy, but also in fostering economic dynamism, opening capital markets, and encouraging the regional integration that has made this republic attractive as an economic partner.
Endnotes
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 93
|
http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/content/oil-gas
|
en
|
Russian-American Business
|
http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---OPEC-asked-U.S..gif
|
[
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/logo_large.png",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/imageblock/ban_BUSN.jpg",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russian%20Oil%20%26%20Gas%20Market%20Set%20for%20Moderate%20Growth%2C%20Reaching%20%24556.9%20Billion%20by%202027.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---SOCAR%2C%20Tatneft%20Sign%20Cooperation_0.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Germany%20Prolongs%20Rosneft%20Trusteeship%20Amid%20Search%20for%20Buyer.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Demands%20Over%20%24900%20Million%20from%20Polish%20Companies.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Activates%20Gasification%20Projects%20in%20Novosibirsk.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Turkish%20Terminal%20Halts%20Russian%20Oil%20Imports.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Enhances%20Gas%20Access%20in%20Kursk%20Region.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%E2%80%99s%20Gas%20Infrastructure%20Expansion%20Across%20Russia.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Kazakhstan%20Increases%20Russian%20Gas%20Transit%20to%20Uzbekistan.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Ukraine%20Maintains%20Russian%20Gas%20Transit%20Potential%20Through%202027.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Explosion%20Damages%20Oil%20Reservoir%20in%20Russia%E2%80%99s%20Belgorod%20Region.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---India%E2%80%99s%20Substantial%20Oil%20Imports%20from%20Russia.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Commissions%2014%20KM%20Gas%20Pipeline%20in%20Razvyazka%20Village%2C%20Chelyabinsk%20Region.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Ukraine%20Open%20to%20Continuing%20Gas%20Transit%20From%20Russia%20Post-2024%20Upon%20European%20Request.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%20to%20Further%20Reduce%20Oil%20Production%20While%20Softening%20Export%20Constraints%20in%20Q2%202024.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Initiates%20Sale%20of%20North%20Sea%20Assets%20Starting%20at%20344%20Million%20Euros.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Commissions%20Gas%20Pipeline%20in%20Komi%20Republic%20for%20Enhanced%20Gasification.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%20Extends%20Offer%20for%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Exploration%20Cooperation%20to%20Nigeria.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Turkey%20and%20Bulgaria%20Assure%20Hungary%20of%20Continued%20Russian%20Gas%20Transit.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Republika%20Srpska%20Commits%20to%20Enhancing%20Gas%20Supplies%20with%20Gazprom.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Launches%20Gas%20Pipeline%20in%20Pskov%20Region%2C%20Russia.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russian%20Government%20Anticipates%20Early%20Completion%20of%20Kamchatka%20Regasification%20Terminal.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Enhances%20Gas%20Infrastructure%20in%20Pskov%20Region%E2%80%99s%20Lapinki%20Microdistrict.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Dobycha%20Tomsk%20Initiates%20Trial%20Production%20at%20North-Trassovoye%20Oil%20Field.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%20Anticipates%20Oil%20Output%20of%20520-530%20Million%20Tons%20in%202024.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Completes%20Construction%20of%20Inter-Settlement%20Gas%20Pipeline%20In%20Priozersky%20District%20of%20Leningrad%20Region.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%E2%80%99s%20Gas%20Production%20and%20LNG%20Output%20Rise%20in%20January%202024.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Enhances%20Gas%20Supply%20in%20Yaroslavl%20Region.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%20Implements%20Six-Month%20Ban%20on%20Gasoline%20Exports%20to%20Stabilize%20Domestic%20Market.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---KazMunayGas%20Reports%20Operational%20Achievements%20for%20the%20Full%20Year%20of%202023.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---South%20Africa%20Explores%20Russian%20Crude%20Oil%20Imports.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Enhances%20Gasification%20Efforts%20in%20Vologda%20Region.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Denmark%20Concludes%20Investigation%20into%20Nord%20Stream%20Pipeline%20Explosion%20with%20Sabotage%20Finding.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Tatneft%20to%20Explore%20for%20Hydrocarbons%20in%20Kazakhstan.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%20Commissions%20Inter-Settlement%20Gas%20Pipeline%20In%20Grigorovo%20Village%20of%20Oryol%20Region%2C%20Russia.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Sakhalin%20Energy%20Continues%20Selling%2060%25%20of%20Sakhalin-2%20Project%20LNG%20to%20Japan.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Syzran%20Refinery%20Enhances%20Operational%20Efficiency%20and%20Environmental%20Impact.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Gazprom%E2%80%99s%20New%20Gas%20Pipeline%20Ventures%20Boost%20Local%20Infrastructure.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Rosneft%E2%80%99s%20RN-Purneftegaz%20Hits%20Gas%20Production%20Milestone.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%20May%20Boost%20LNG%20Production%20in%20Sakhalin%20to%2015%20Mln%20Metric%20Tons.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%E2%80%99s%20Offshore%20Oil%20Production%20in%202023%20to%20Reach%2024mln%20Tons.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%20to%20Boost%20LNG%20Production%20to%20110%20Mln%20Tons%20in%202030%20From%2033%20Mln%20Tons%20in%202023.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%20May%20Produce%20523%20Mln%20Metric%20Tons%20of%20Gas%20in%202024.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Novatek%20Resumes%20Shipment%20of%20Petroleum%20Products%20From%20Ust-Luga%20Terminal.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russia%20Reduces%20Oil%20Refining%20by%207%25%2C%20Expects%20to%20Maintain%202023%20Level%20in%202024.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Uztransgaz%20To%20Invest%20%24470%20Million%20in%20Gas%20Pipelines%20Modernization%20To%20Enhance%20Imports%20From%20Russia.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Update%20On%20Russian%20Oil%20Production%20in%20Eastern%20Siberia%20in%202023.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russian%20Oil%20Producer%20Rosneft%E2%80%99s%20Annual%20Profit%20Surges%20to%20%2414%20Billion.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---RussNeft%20Boosts%20Oil%20Reserves%20by%20130%25%20in%202023.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Bashneft%20Expands%20Hydrocarbon%20Reserves%20in%202023.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Rosneft%20Produces%20193.6%20Million%20Tons%20of%20Liquid%20Hydrocarbons.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2023.03.01---Why%20Europe%20was%20not%20frozen.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2023.03.01---Hydrocarbons%20sales.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---Oil.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---YamalShelf.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---MillerAlekperov.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---PetroNeft.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---HMS.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---VolgaGas.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---Transneft.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---Tatneft.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---OmskRefinery.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---Forum.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2020.01---SalymPetroleum.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.02---Gazprom-reviews-shale.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.02---Rosneft.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.02---Lukoil_1.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.02---Novatek.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.02---Gazprom.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.01---Rick-Perry-praises-FRONT.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.01---Investor-Day.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.01---Alexey-Miller-and-Dmitry-Rogozin.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.01---Rosneft-Deutschland.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.01---Rosneft-increases-bunker-oil.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.01---Minister-Novak-co-chairs-5th-OPEC.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.01---Gazprom-brings-energy-security-of-Kaliningrad.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.01---Lukoil%E2%80%99s-proven-reserves.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2019.01---NOVATEK-announces.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---TurkStream-Black-Sea.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Reliable-gas.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Gazprom-and-Austria_0.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Gazprom-and-BASF.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Documents-signed-for-TurkStream.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Gazprom-and-Edison.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Gazprom-%26-Siemens.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Credit-Agricole.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Gazprom-releases.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Gazprom-proposes.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Rosneft%E2%80%99s-operating-results.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Rosneft.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Bashneftegeofizika.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Rosneft-discovers-new-oilfield.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Rosneft-opened.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Lukoil-reports.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Wellhead-platform-topside-at-Korchagin.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Lukoil-announces.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Lukoil%E2%80%99s-cumulative.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Lukoil-completes.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Novatek-creates-maritime-Arctic-transport.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Novatek-%26-Total.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Novatek-shipped.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Novatek%E2%80%99s-Q1-2018-results.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Transneft.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Tatneft%E2%80%99s-management.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Transneft%E2%80%99s-commissions-Yug.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Tatneft-published.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2018.01---Tatneft%E2%80%99s-results.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.0X---Rosneft.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.0X---Price-of-Urals-oil.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.0X---Defense-companies.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.0X---Gazprom-Neft.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---Gazprom-increases-exports.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---ExxonMobil-challenges.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---Russia-is-leading.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---OPEC-asked-U.S..gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---Gazprom-increased-gas-exports.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---Rosneft-to-invest.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---White-House-to-block.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---Western-companies.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---Oil-prices-expected.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---Rosgeo.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---Russia%E2%80%99s-E.U.-envoy.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2017.02---Schroder.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russian%20New%20Cars%20Market%20Set%20to%20Double%20by%202027%20Amid%20Recovery%20Efforts.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russian%20Automotive%20Manufacturing%20Industry%20to%20Surge%20by%2093.1%25%20to%20%2425.3%20Billion%20by%202027%20Amidst%20Recovery%20Efforts.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Russian%20Airlines%20Industry%20Set%20for%20Remarkable%20Recovery.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---TSAT%20Rostec%20Set%20to%20Launch%20Advanced%20Domestic%203D%20Printer%20for%20Aircraft%20Engine%20Parts%20in%202024.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Moscow%20Training%20Center%20UEC%20to%20Amplify%20Workforce%20Training%20for%20Aircraft%20Engine%20Production.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---UEC-Saturn%20and%20RSATU%20Launch%20New%20Intake%20for%20Wings%20of%20Rostec%20Program.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Citro%C3%ABn%20Models%20Made%20in%20Russia%20Had%20%E2%80%98Immaterial%E2%80%99%20Impact%20on%20Stellantis%20Financials.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Rostec%20Begins%20Serial%20Production%20of%20Domestic%20Glazing%20for%20MS-21%20Aircraft.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Mercedes-Benz%20Sells%20Stake%20in%20Russian%20Truckmaker%20Kamaz.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/2024.03.01---Chinese%20Automakers%20Lead%20Russia%E2%80%99s%20New%20Car%20Sales%20in%202023%20Amid%20Western%20Withdrawal.gif",
"http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/imageblock/logo.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/flag-png-picture.png
|
http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/content/oil-gas
|
The Russian oil and gas sector saw substantial growth in 2022, with a 40.1% increase, reaching a market value of $491,875.1 million. Despite challenges, including global sanctions due to geopolitical tensions, the sector is forecasted to grow further, reaching $556,902.4 million by 2027, marking a 13.2% increase since 2022.
In 2022, the market’s volume grew marginally by 0.5% to 4,353.5 million barrels of oil equivalent (BoE), with predictions indicating a rise to 4,546.7 million BoE by 2027, a 4.4% increase from 2022. Natural gas remains the dominant segment, representing 60.7% of the market’s total value, underscoring Russia’s significant role as a major player in the European oil and gas market with a 24.7% share.
On March 8, 2024, SOCAR, the Azerbaijani state-owned oil and gas company, and Tatneft, a leading Russian oil and gas entity, entered into a cooperation agreement in the petrochemical sector. This collaboration was formalized after discussions between SOCAR’s President Rovshan Najaf and Tatneft’s Head Nail Maganov, marking a significant step towards strengthening ties in the petrochemical industry between the two companies.
On February 28, 2024, SOCAR’s Rovshan Najaf and Gazprom’s Alexei Miller held discussions on enhancing cooperation in the gas sector, amidst ongoing contractual engagements with Gazprom Export.
In a significant shift on March 7, 2024, the Dörtyol oil terminal in Türkiye’s Hatay province announced its decision to stop accepting Russian crude oil imports. This move comes as a direct response to the tightening of U.S. sanctions against Russia following its invasion of Ukraine in early 2022. The Dörtyol terminal, previously known for its business with Iraqi crude, had seen an influx of Russian oil as Europe imposed restrictions and Russia sought alternative trade routes. In 2023, the terminal reported record levels of Russian crude passing through Türkiye to Europe, in direct contravention of EU sanctions. Global Terminal Services (GTS), which operates Dörtyol, stated that this cessation is an added precaution to ensure compliance with international sanctions, despite all previous operations fully adhering to them, including the G7’s price cap on transporting Russian oil.
On March 4, 2024, Ukrainian Prime Minister Denis Shmygal announced Ukraine’s willingness to continue the transit of Russian gas through its territory beyond 2024, conditional on requests from European countries. This statement underscores Ukraine’s role in the European energy landscape and its openness to facilitating gas supply despite ongoing tensions.
"If the European countries act as a consortium or one of the European partners will act as a transit country for their gas -- we are ready to provide such a service," Shmyhal told a press conference.
Ukraine can seal a deal on gas transit with the European Commission or a group of European countries that are interested in maintaining the transit, Shmyhal said.
He stressed that Ukraine will not extend the existing gas transit contract or sign a new contract with Russia.
In a strategic move to stabilize domestic gasoline prices and meet the increased consumer and agricultural demand, Russia declared a six-month suspension of gasoline exports starting March 1, 2024. This decision, as reported by Reuters on February 27, 2024, aims to address the seasonal surge in fuel requirements, particularly during spring agricultural activities, refinery maintenance periods, and the summer holiday season.
Alexander Novak, Russia’s Deputy Prime Minister, confirmed the prohibition, which was officially sanctioned by Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin. This regulatory action was propelled by Novak’s insights on impending fuel demand challenges outlined in a proposal dated February 21, 2024. The ban is anticipated to mitigate domestic gasoline price volatility, a matter of significant concern for Russian motorists and the agricultural sector, especially leading up to the presidential election set for March 15–17, 2024.
On February 27, 2024, KazMunayGas (“KMG”), Kazakhstan’s national oil and gas company, detailed its full-year operational results for 2023. Under the leadership of Magzum Mirzagaliyev, Chairman of the Management Board, KMG successfully pursued its strategic initiatives, benefiting a wide range of stakeholders from shareholders and investors to employees, regional operations, and the country at large.
In 2023, KMG’s notable endeavors included the initiation of three new fields to boost gas production. May saw the start of the Aksai Yuzhny field, followed by the Vostochny Urikhtau field in early December, and the year concluded with the Rozhkovskoye field’s commencement. Additionally, in November, KMG finalized the acquisition of a 60% interest from French TotalEnergies in the Dunga oil and gas field in Mangistau region, contributing 547 thousand tons of oil production for the year, with KMG’s share amounting to 40 thousand tons since joining the project.
On February 21, 2024, Gazprom announced the commissioning of new gas pipelines in various regions of Russia, marking significant progress in the nation’s gasification efforts. In the Novospassky district of the Ulyanovsk region, a 4.7 km gas distribution network was introduced, providing gas to 89 households in the villages of Samaykino and Fabrichnye Vyselki. Similarly, the village of Sidelnikovo in the Republic of Mari El celebrated the completion of its gasification, with a newly built pipeline under the Program for the Development of Gas Supply and Gasification of the Republic. Another noteworthy development was in the Leninsky district of Tomsk, where gas distribution networks spanning 4.9 km were launched to serve 132 households. These projects underscore Gazprom’s commitment to enhancing regional gas supply and infrastructure.
RussNeft achieved a significant increase in oil reserves in 2023, adding 8.3 million tons, primarily through its operations at the Tagrinskoye field. The company reported an impressive reserve replacement rate of 174%, producing 6.434 million tons of oil and 2.11 billion cubic meters of gas with a 96.6% APG utilization rate. New technological advancements have led to the commissioning of 69 oil wells and a notable increase in the overhaul period of the mechanized well stock to 834 days.
Since the end of February 2022, the Russian oil and gas industry has faced continuous pressure. While Europe initially expected the process of reducing dependence on Russian hydrocarbons to take several years, by mid-autumn it became clear that European countries had nearly eliminated their total reliance on Russian oil and gas. In a recent interview, Aleksey Belogoriev, Deputy Chief Director for Energy at the Institute of Energy and Finance (IEF), discussed how the oil and gas industry has developed since the start of Russia’s military operation in Ukraine and what to anticipate in the future.
According to the Center for Energy and Clean Air Research (CREA), Russia currently earns more than $551 million a day from the sale of oil and gas, despite attempts by the U.S., EU, and other countries to limit its revenue from fossil fuel exports.
However, CREA analysts predict that the ceiling of Russian oil prices may be lowered to $30 per barrel in the future, which could lead to a drop in Russia’s fossil fuel revenue to $340 million a day. Europe may also completely abandon LNG and pipeline oil supplies from Russia, further reducing its revenue.
Russia’s current fossil fuel revenues are only slightly below what the country was earning on average in May 2021, despite some countries boycotting Russian raw materials. The EU has banned maritime imports of Russian oil and oil products, but EU countries continue to import Russian oil and gas via pipeline or in the form of LNG.
The value of the Russian oil and gas market fell by 15.2 percent in 2019 due to a decline in oil and gas prices this year. This decrease marked the end of a period of double-digit growth recorded in 2017 and 2018. A sharper decline is expected in 2020, amid weaker demand and a sharp decline in oil prices. For the rest of the next five years, the market is expected to return to double-digit growth rates, as oil and gas prices are expected to pick up again after 2020, in line with the recovery in demand and a reduced supply.
The mean price of Brent, WTI, and Dubai crude oil fell by an average of 10.2 percent in 2019. Specifically, the price of Brent international benchmark crude oil in 2019 was USD64 per barrel, almost USD7 per barrel below the 2018 average. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) U.S. crude averaged USD57 per barrel in 2019, almost USD8 lower than in 2018, while the price of Dubai crude oil averaged USD63.2, USD6 lower than in 2018.
A new gas deposit was discovered at the Leningradskoye field of the Yamal gas production center, Gazprom said on October 8, 2020.
As a result of drilling and testing of an exploratory well, commercial gas inflow of approximately 600,000 cubic meters per day has been achieved. This proves that the new deposit contains considerable volumes of gas. The commercial value of the field is therefore much higher today than in the past.
This is the fourth major discovery made by Gazprom in the past two years on the Yamal Peninsula shelf in the Kara Sea.
The company will calculate the newly discovered reserves of the Leningrad Field and submit the results to the State Reserves Commission for registration in the State Register.
A working meeting between Alexei Miller, chairman of the Gazprom Management Committee, and Vagit Alekperov, president of Lukoil, took place in St. Petersburg on October 1, 2020.
The parties discussed current issues of cooperation, including further steps to prepare the development of the Vaneyvisskoye and Layavozhskoye fields.
Gazprom and Lukoil are bound by the General Agreement on Strategic Partnership from 2014 to 2024, under which Lukoil supplies gas to Gazprom’s gas transmission system.
In 2018, Gazprom and Lukoil signed an agreement setting out the parties’ intention to jointly develop the Vaneyvisskoye and Layavozhskoye fields in the Nenets autonomous district.
PetroNeft, an oil and gas exploration company operating in Russia’s Tomsk region, has announced the successful test of a mini-oil refinery ahead of the projected timeline. The company owns and operates 50 percent of licenses 61 and 67 in the region. The successful test of a mini-refinery processing unit took place on license area 61, with regulatory approval expected by the first quarter of 2021. The project significantly reduces operating costs.
In January 2020, the company started the construction of a mini-oil processing plant on license area 61 to obviate having to purchase significant quantities of diesel fuel needed for machinery and power generation in production facilities, especially in the winter months. The project will reduce operational costs by more than USD600,000 by 2021. It will also further improve the profitability of the company by allowing the sale of surplus products on the local market at a significant premium to unrefined barrels.
On October 8, 2020, HMS Group, the leading manufacturer of pumping, oil and gas equipment, compressors and flow control solutions, and related systems in Russia and the C.I.S., announced its financial results for the six months ending June 30, 2020.
Financial highlights for first six months of 2020
• Turnover: 19.5 billion rubles (minus 17 percent against previous year);
• EBITDA: 2.1 billion rubles (plus eight percent against previous year), EBITDA margin at 10.8 percent;
• Operating profit: 524 million rubles (minus 13 percent);
• Loss for the period: 314 million rubles;
• Total debt: 22.8 billion rubles (plus 14 percent against previous year);
• Net debt: 16.2 billion rubles (plus 4.0 percent against previous year);
• Net debt to EBITDA LTM (most recently completed 12-month period): 3.25x.
On October 6, 2020, Volga Gas plc, the oil and gas exploration and production company operating in the Volga region of Russia, announced the potentially significant discovery of a new oilfield as part of its ongoing exploration drilling program.
As announced on August 14, 2020 and published in the interim report of September 30, 2020, the Group is conducting a program to drill six exploration wells within its Karpenskiy License Area in structures separate from its existing oil reserves in the Uzen Field.
The presence of oil has been detected in a Triassic sandstone formation in a well in the north of the Uzen field.
Transneft, the world’s largest oil pipeline company, published consolidated IFRS interim results for the second quarter of 2020 and the first half of the year on its official website for investors and shareholders on October 2, 2020.
A particular feature of the first half of 2020 was the combination of strong results in the first quarter of 2020 and a significant reduction in key operational and financial indicators in the second quarter of 2020 due to a significant decrease in Russian oil production and, therefore, in the transport volume through the Transneft system under the OPEC+ agreement of May 1, 2020.
Crude oil shipments declined by 7.1 million tons, or six percent year-on-year, and by 11.2 million tons, or nine percent year-on-year, to 109.0 million tons in the second quarter of 2020.
The Tatneft Group produced 2,104 thousand tons of crude oil in September, and the production volume since the beginning of the year amounted to 19,548 thousand tons, which was 2,803.7 thousand tons less than in the same period of 2019.
Tatneft’s production in September amounted to 2,078 thousand tons of crude oil, and the company’s production since the beginning of the year amounted to 19,307 thousand tons (a decrease of 2,799 thousand tons compared to the corresponding period of 2019). Tatneft’s production from license areas outside Tatarstan amounted to 25,000 tons in September and since the beginning of the year to 240.7 thousand tons, a decrease of 4.05 thousand tons compared to the corresponding production volume in 2019. The production volume of high-viscosity oil in September was 284.9 thousand tons and since the beginning of the year 2,468 thousand tons, which is 501.1 thousand tons more than the volume for the corresponding period of 2019.
The Omsk oil refinery of Gazpromneft in Siberia, Russia, has significantly reduced its air emissions through the use of BELCO wet washing technology licensed from DuPont Clean Technologies, the Russian company announced on October 1, 2020. With an installed capacity of 22.23 million tons of oil per year, the Omsk oil refinery is one of Russia’s leading refineries.
The BELCO wet scrubbing technology was installed in Omsk during the conversion of the Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU). It efficiently removes contaminants from the exhaust gases emitted by the FCCU, thereby reducing air emissions well below the detection limit.
On September 23, 2020, Lukoil shared its successful experience in integrating digital technologies into hydrocarbon production with Russian experts and businessmen at the 11th Tyumen Oil and Gas Forum. The project to digitize the company’s production offers integrated field models that enable the management of oil and gas facilities to be optimized. These digital models contribute to the efficient production of hydrocarbons in the fields of the Bolshevik basin (Yamal-Nenets autonomous district) and the Yuzhno-Yagunskoye field (Khanty-Mansi autonomous district, Yugra), where an integrated operations center has been established. Similar centers are being built at the production facilities of Povkhneftegaz and Pokachevneftegaz in Western Siberia.
In September 2020, Salym Petroleum Development drilled its 1,500th well since the Salym Group began exploring oilfields in 2003. The anniversary well is 2,493 meters deep and has an S-shaped profile. It was drilled in an area of the upper Salym field developed as part of the South Hub project. Sibirskaya Servisnaya Kompaniya (SSK), one of the drilling companies of the SPD group, carried out the drilling.
Shale gas production is expected to continue in just a few countries around the world besides the United States.
On November 19, 2019, the Gazprom board of directors took note of the information regarding the growth prospects of the shale gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry across the world, as well as the opportunities and the threats facing the company.
It was highlighted that the share of the United States in the global shale gas production exceeded 95 percent in 2018. According to current forecasts, the U.S. will remain the main producer of shale gas for the long term.
It is expected that shale gas production outside of North America will not have a significant impact on the global gas market configuration and Gazprom’s future export activities, as far out as 2030.
Rosneft’s nine-month net income jumped by 25 percent year-on-year to RUB550 billion, including a quarter-on-quarter increase to RUB225 billion in the third quarter of 2019.
In the third quarter of 2019, the EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) increased by 7.6 percent quarter-on-quarter to RUB554 billion with a margin improvement to 24.4 percent. In the third quarter, FCF (free cash flow) more than doubled quarter-on-quarter to RUB281 billion. Financial debt and trading liabilities decreased by RUB820 billion since the year’s beginning.
Q3 & 9M 2019 IFRS results
Novatek announces consolidated IFRS results for Q3 and 9M 2019.
In the third quarter of 2019, Novatek’s total revenues and its normalized EBITDA, including the company’s share in the EBITDA of its joint ventures, amounted to RUB189.2 billion and RUB104.5 billion, respectively, representing decreases of 13.8 percent and 11.5 percent as compared to the prior year’s corresponding period. The decreases were primarily due to lower hydrocarbons sales prices on international markets in 2019, which were largely offset by an increase in the company’s natural gas sales volumes due to the production launch at the second and third LNG trains at Yamal LNG in July and November 2018, respectively.
Gazprom posts IFRS net profit of RUB1.10 trillion in 9M 2019.
On November 29, 2019, PJSC Gazprom issued its unaudited consolidated interim condensed financial information prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34 Interim Financial Reporting (IAS 34) for the nine months ended on September 30, 2019.
Sales (net of excise tax, VAT, and customs duties) decreased by RUB203,252 million, or three percent, to RUB5,698,339 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the corresponding period of the prior year. The decrease in sales was mainly due to a change in volumes sold and a change in average prices.
The U.S. Secretary of Energy and former Texas Governor Rick Perry told reporters at the CERAWeek Energy Conference (hosted by IHS Markit), which was held in Houston from March 11 to 15, that the United States does not rule out introducing new sanctions against Russia and other countries supporting the Maduro government in Venezuela.
In answering a question from a TASS reporter, Rick Perry first spoke fondly of his time in Russia and praised Smoke BBQ restaurant in St. Petersburg, which he visited on his prior trip. In what amounted to an advertisement of the Russian restaurant, the Energy Secretary said that the barbecue at Smoke BBQ was simply superb, suggesting that the owners must have traveled to Texas to learn how to make real barbecue.
Gazprom held its 14th annual Investor Day in Hong Kong (February 26) and Singapore (February 28).
Taking part in the events were Andrey Kruglov, deputy chairman of Gazprom’s management committee, Oleg Aksyutin, member of the management committee and department head at Gazprom, Elena Burmistrova, director general of Gazprom Export, and representatives of the company’s relevant subdivisions and its subsidiaries Gazprom Neft and Gazprom Energoholding.
The events were once again attended by representatives of the world’s leading investment funds and banks, as well as credit organizations from the Asia-Pacific region, continental Europe, the U.K., the U.S., and Russia, including analysts from Bank of America Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, Sova Capital Limited, and Gazprombank.
The livestream of the Investor Day was also available on the internet.
On February 27, 2019, Alexey Miller, chairman of Gazprom’s management committee, and Dmitry Rogozin, director general of State Space Corporation Roscosmos, held a joint meeting in Moscow on the prospects for further cooperation. The event was attended by heads of the relevant subdivisions and subsidiaries of the company and the state corporation. The cooperation between Gazprom and Roscosmos is strategic in nature. Specifically, Russia’s Unified Gas Supply System operates with the use of about 500 gas compressor units developed by RPA Iskra (part of Roscosmos).
Rosneft Deutschland GmbH, a Rosneft subsidiary, started direct marketing operations in order to increase the company’s efficiency. The company markets all refined products produced by Rosneft Deutschland at three refineries in Germany. The products range includes gasoline, diesel, heating oil, jet fuel, LPG, bitumen, fuel oil, and petrochemical products.
Rosneft Deutschland markets oil products not only from the three refineries directly, but also from more than 30 lifting locations throughout Germany via road, rail, and barge. Rosneft Deutschland has an established client base of more than 500 customers in Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Switzerland, Austria, and France.
In 2018, RN-Bunker, a subsidiary of Rosneft Oil Company, increased its bunker oil sales by 10 percent year-on-year to 3.2 million tons.
The increase in the bunker oil sales volumes was due to the company’s efficient operations, customer service expansion, and cooperation development with major foreign and Russian consumers, including those in the Far East ports.
Furthermore, in 2018, RN-Bunker managed to increase its bunkering volume in ports of Kaliningrad (2.6x) and the Caucasus (almost 1.5x). In addition, last year long-term contracts were signed with key domestic consumers, such as Rosmorport, Russian Fishery Company, and Morspassluzhba.
The Fifth OPEC and non-OPEC Ministerial Meeting was held in Vienna, Austria, on December 7, 2018, under the co-chairmanship of OPEC’s President, HE Suhail Mohamed Al Mazrouei, Minister of Energy and Industry of the United Arab Emirates and head of its delegation, and Alexander Novak, Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation.
The meeting recalled the rights of the peoples and nations to permanent sovereignty over their natural wealth and resources.
Lukoil announced the results of the reserves assessment and independent audit as of December 31, 2018.
According to the SEC classification, the company’s proven hydrocarbon reserves totaled 15.9 billion barrels of oil equivalent, 76 percent of which stood for liquids. The proven reserves replacement ratio for liquids totaled 101 percent. In Russia, the main region of Lukoil’s operations, the replacement ratio reached 127 percent. The company’s proven hydrocarbon reserves life is 19 years.
As a result of geological exploration and production drilling conducted in 2018, Lukoil added 576 million barrels of oil equivalent to proven reserves with the largest contribution from production drilling in West Siberia and Timan-Pechora.
In 2018, NOVATEK’s total revenues amounted to RUB831.8 billion and the normalized EBITDA, including the share in the EBITDA of the entity’s joint ventures, totaled RUB415.3 billion, representing year-on-year increases of 42.6 percent and 61.9 percent, respectively. The increases in total revenues and the normalized EBITDA were largely due to a production launch at the first three LNG trains at Yamal LNG and a favorable macro-economic environment with increases in average realized liquids and natural gas prices.
On April 30, 2018, the deep-water pipelay for the first line of the TurkStream offshore gas pipeline has been completed off Turkey’s Black Sea coast.
The average rate of the deep-water pipelay carried out by the pipelaying vessel Pioneering Spirit was 4.3 kilometers per day. The maximum pipelaying rate of 5.6 kilometers per day was reached two times in February 2018.
In accordance with the schedule, the project is being simultaneously implemented onshore in Russia and Turkey and in the Black Sea. The receiving terminal is being constructed near the settlement of Kiyikoy, Turkey. Upon the completion of the landfall sections, work on the first line will be completed. Following the schedule, Pioneering Spirit will continue the deep-water pipelay of line two in the third quarter of 2018.
On May 31, 2018, Gazprom’s management committee completed the review of operating results of the company’s subsidiaries over the period of months spanning the fall of 2017 and the winter of 2018, finalizing the discussion of measures to be taken to ensure uninterrupted gas supplies to consumers during the upcoming winter.
The committee noted that in the past winter Gazprom provided reliable gas deliveries to consumers in Russia and abroad.
Gazprom supplied gas to domestic consumers without restrictions. Particular attention was paid to gas deliveries for socially significant facilities, public utility enterprises, and the general population.
From October 2017 through March 2018, gas demand showed considerable growth in Europe and in Turkey. Overall gas supplies rose by 3.8 percent compared to the previous fall/winter season, reaching 107.4 billion cubic meters.
On June 5, 2018, the chairman of Gazprom’s management committee Alexey Miller and the chairman of OMV’s executive board Rainer Seele signed an agreement to extend until 2040 the existing contract between Gazprom Export and OMV Gas Marketing & Trading GmbH for Russian gas supplies to Austria. The original contract was valid until 2028.
Russia’s President Vladimir Putin and Austria’s Federal Chancellor Sebastian Kurz attended the signing as part of celebrations marking 50 years of supplies of Russian gas to Austria.
“The Agreement signed today is yet another testament to the growing need for gas imports both in Austria and in Europe in general – the need that Gazprom is ready to satisfy. By implementing the construction project for the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline, we will make gas deliveries even more reliable for the benefit of consumers,” Alexey Miller said.
The chairman of Gazprom’s management committee Alexey Miller and the chairman of the board of executive directors of BASF Martin Brudermueller had a working meeting in St. Petersburg on May 28, 2018. The meeting covered a broad range of issues related to the companies’ cooperation, including joint projects for hydrocarbon development in Russia.
Alexey Miller and Martin Brudermueller discussed the Nord Stream gas pipeline that has been brought into operation. It was noted that the pipeline provided reliable supplies of Russian gas to thousands of companies and millions of households across Europe every day. The parties also addressed the implementation of the Nord Stream 2 project.
BASF is a leader in the global chemical industry. The company’s portfolio includes oil and gas, chemicals, synthetics, and petroleum derivatives.
On May 26, 2018, Gazprom and the government of Turkey signed a protocol for the construction of the onshore section of the TurkStream gas pipeline. The pipeline will deliver Russian gas to European consumers. As a follow-up to the protocol, Gazprom and Botas inked an agreement detailing the terms and conditions of the construction work. TurkAkim Gaz Tasima A.S., a joint venture that will be established on equal terms, will build the onshore section.
In addition, Gazprom Export and Botas signed documents to settle out of court the ongoing arbitration dispute on the contract terms of Russia’s gas supplies to Turkey. The arbitration will be resolved shortly.
A working meeting between the chairman of Gazprom’s management committee Alexey Miller and the CEO of Edison and executive vice president of the EDF Group Marc Benayoun took place on May 25, 2018 at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum.
The parties addressed the ongoing interaction in the energy sector, in particular the implementation of the two sides’ cooperation agreement and the status of the TurkStream and the Poseidon projects.
Edison is a part of the EDF Group. Its core businesses include the procurement, production, and sale of electricity, the provision of energy and environmental services, as well as exploration and production.
On May 25, 2018, director general of Gazprom Energoholding Denis Fyodorov and the chief financial officer of Siemens Alexander Liberov signed a strategic cooperation agreement. The agreement sets out the main directions and principles of cooperation in the field of technological upgrades of Gazprom Energoholding’s generating facilities with the use of Siemens-manufactured innovative electrical equipment. Specifically, one of the priority areas of joint work is the introduction of vacuum generator switches and high-tech components in the construction and upgrading of power units.
Siemens plans to set up its manufacturing facilities to make that equipment in Russia and bring the local content of its finished products to at least 50 percent by 2020, with an option for a phased increase to 75 percent by 2022.
On April 26, 2018, Gazprom published its audited consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for the year that ended on December 31, 2017.
Total sales (net of excise tax, VAT, and customs duties) increased by RUB435,092 million, or seven percent, to RUB6,546,143 million for the year that ended on December 31, 2017 compared to the year that ended on December 31, 2016. The increase in sales was mainly driven by an increase in sales of refined products and crude oil.
On April 12, 2018, Gazprom’s management committee endorsed the proposal to convene the company’s annual general shareholders meeting in St. Petersburg. In addition, the management committee approved the proposals on the format and the content of voting ballots and the wording of decisions on the meeting’s agenda.
The management committee submitted to the Gazprom’s board of directors the company’s annual accounting statements for 2017 compiled in accordance with the Russian law, as well as the drafts of the shareholders’ meeting agenda and the distribution sheet allocating Gazprom’s profit based on the 2017 operating results.
On May 14, 2018, Rosneft released its first quarter results for 2018. The company’s average daily hydrocarbon production stood at 5.71 million barrels of oil equivalent (mmboe), which is a figure close to the level observed in the first quarter of 2017. Liquids production increased 0.3 percent quarter-on-quarter. Gas production in the reporting period amounted to 16.9 billion cubic meters (bcm). The company also managed to achieve refining quality improvement with the light products yield reaching 58.8 percent and the refining depth increasing to 75.4 percent.
Upstream
Hydrocarbon production at Rosneft reached 5.71 mmboed in the first quarter of 2018, remaining close to the level observed in the fourth quarter of 2017.
On May 1, 2018, Rosneft’s board of directors approved additional provisions to Rosneft-2022 strategy that followed the annual address of Russia’s President Vladimir Putin to the Federal Assembly.
As previously announced, the key strategic focus of Rosneft-2022 is to increase the company’s profitability and the oil major’s returns on existing assets. The company’s portfolio is comprised of high-yield investments having the primary objectives of ensuring delivery on time and on budget. Rosneft’s other initiatives include employee development programs, educational and social projects, regional development programs, as well as accelerated technological advancement.
On May 25, 2018, during the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, Rosneft and Bashneftegeofizika signed an agreement for working together in developing high-tech LWD (logging while drilling) equipment for horizontal well drilling, as well as equipment for pay zone well testing in the exploration drilling of oil and gas wells.
The volume and complexity of the construction of horizontal wells at Rosneft’s fields in recent years has been constantly increasing. The share of horizontal wells in the overall number of the wells drilled increased to 36 percent in 2017. The number of new horizontal wells with multistage hydraulic fracturing increased by 67 percent. For instance, in the first quarter of 2018, the number of new horizontal wells with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing that were put into operation increased by more than 65 percent compared to the first quarter of 2017.
Bashneft International B.V., a Rosneft subsidiary, has discovered a new oilfield named Salman, following the drilling of the first exploration well in Block 12 in Iraq, the oil major announced on May 23, 2018.
The exploration well was successfully drilled to the depth of 4,277 meters, resulting in an oil flow that makes reserves apparent.
The company considers this discovery an important landmark in upstream projects abroad.
Block 12 is located in southwest Iraq, in an unexplored area of the Arabian Plate, approximately 80 km to the south of the city of As-Samawah and 130 km to the west of the city of Nasiriyah. It has an area of 7,680 sq. km. Bashneft International B.V. is an operator of the project.
Rosneft has opened an international research and development (R&D) center in Qatar, which will become a full-scale representative office of the company. The new office will perform scientific and technical activities, as well as promote the company’s business in the region.
The research and development center will be located at the Qatar Science and Technology Park (QSTP), which is a part of the Qatar Foundation (QF).
QSTP is one of the world’s leading science incubators that provides a unique economic environment for enterprises engaged in the development and the implementation of new technologies, including those in the energy sector.
On May 28, 2018, Lukoil released its condensed interim consolidated financial statements for the three-month period that ended on March 31, 2018 prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
In the first quarter of 2018 the company’s sales were RUB1,630.7 billion, 13.9 percent higher year-on-year, mainly as a result of higher hydrocarbon prices. Lower refined products trading volumes, inventory build-up and a stronger ruble negatively impacted sales dynamics. The company’s sales decreased by 1.9 percent quarter-on-quarter as a consequence of lower oil trading volumes.
EBITDA
On April 27, 2018, Lukoil announced that the company completed the installation of a wellhead platform’s topside at the Yury Korchagin field. The Korchagin field, which is now in phase two of its development, lies within the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea.
The wellhead platform is a satellite platform designed to drill wells in the eastern part of the field. Drilling at phase two sites is expected to start by the summer months.
Apart from hosting processing equipment, the platform is equipped with safety systems, living personnel quarters, and a helideck. As most of the operations are automated, only eight workspaces are designed for the temporary stay of the personnel.
The oil and gas produced will be transported to the host platform through subsea pipelines and treated for delivery onshore.
Lukoil’s cumulative production of oil in Russia exceeded two billion tons, the company reported on February 1, 2018. The company’s Russian projects produced jointly no less than 80 million tons of oil annually in the past 14 years.
The first billion tons of oil was produced by Lukoil in 2006, fifteen years after the company was established. The milestone of two billion tons was reached eleven years later.
The uptick in production can be attributed to the recent commissioning of major oilfields, including the Vladimir Filanovsky field in the Caspian Sea, the Pyakyakhinskoye field on the Yamal Peninsula, and the Imilorskoye field in Western Siberia. New technologies have made it possible to increase significantly the production of hard-to-extract hydrocarbons, for instance the super-viscous oil at the Yarega field within the Komi republic.
On February 16, 2018, Lukoil announced the results of the company’s oil and gas reserves assessment done as part of an independent audit. According to the SEC (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission) standards, the company’s proved hydrocarbon reserves as of December 31, 2017 totaled 16.0 billion barrels of oil equivalent, 75 percent of which were oil reserves. The company’s proved reserves life is 19 years.
On May 18, 2018, the board of directors of Novatek resolved to create a transportation subsidiary called Maritime Arctic Transport LLC to manage and optimize transportation costs, build up Arctic navigation skills, and provide for centralized management of the company’s Arctic fleet.
Novatek’s management board chairman Leonid Mikhelson said, “Novatek’s long-term development strategy envisages a significant growth in LNG production from the company’s vast hydrocarbon resource base located on the Yamal and the Gydan peninsulas in the Arctic zone of more than 55 million tons per annum by 2030. Therefore, establishing an efficient Northern Sea Route shipping model is one of the company’s key priorities to realize the long-term strategy. Creating the company’s own shipping company fully supports this goal and will optimize transportation cost and ensure a well-balanced, centralized management structure to improve the competitiveness of Novatek’s Arctic projects.”
On May 24, 2018, Novatek’s management board chairman Leonid Mikhelson and Total’s chairman and chief executive officer Patrick Pouyannе signed a binding agreement for working together on the Arctic LNG 2 project.
The agreement provides for Total’s acquisition of a 10-percent participation interest in the project, together with a five-percent option that may be exercised in case Novatek decides to decrease its participation interest below 60 percent. The project’s value has been estimated at 25.5 billion dollars.
On March 27, 2018, Novatek announced that Novatek Gas and Power Asia Pte. Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of the company, shipped its first cargo of LNG produced by the Yamal LNG project to the Indian market.
Novatek’s first deputy chairman of the management board Lev Feodosyev said, “One of the company’s core priorities enumerated in the company’s corporate strategy 2030 is the expansion of the supply geography and the growth of the company’s presence in key Asian markets. The first cargo delivered to the growing Indian market is an important development step in this direction.”
On April 25, 2018, Novatek released its consolidated interim condensed financial statements for the three months that ended on March 31, 2018 prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
In the first quarter of 2018, the company’s total revenues amounted to RUB179.4 billion and its normalized EBITDA, including the company’s share in the EBITDA of the joint ventures, totaled RUB76.3 billion. These figures represented year-on-year increases of 16.0 percent and 11.9 percent, respectively. The increases in the company’s total revenues and the normalized EBITDA were largely due to the launch of production at the first LNG train at Yamal LNG at the end of 2017 and an increase in the average realized liquids and natural gas prices.
On June 1, 2018, Transneft released consolidated interim condensed financial statements prepared according to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for the three months that ended on March 31, 2018. Crude oil delivery for the three months that ended on March 31, 2018 amounted to 116.5 million tons, 1.2 million tons or 1.0 percent down year-on-year. Oil freight turnover decreased by 1.8 billion ton-km or by 0.6 percent.
Petroleum products deliveries for the three months that ended on March 31, 2018 came to 9.9 million tons. The growth year-on-year amounted to 1.8 million tons, or 22.2 percent.
Transneft’s revenue grew by RUB6.2 billion, or 2.8 percent, mainly due to higher revenues from oil transportation, exports, and other earnings.
On May 29, 2018, Tatneft’s management, headed by the company’s general director Nail Maganov held a meeting with institutional investors in Kazan. Investors were represented by managers and analysts of large investment companies from the U.S., Great Britain, Germany, Sweden, and Singapore. Investment bank Goldman Sachs organized the group’s visit to Tatarstan.
During the meeting, which was held in an open discussion format, the participants talked about the company’s operational and financial results, its production and investment plans, its dividend policy, as well as other issues.
On April 5, 2018, Transneft announced that it commissioned the Volgograd Refinery – Tinguta – Tikhoretsk – Novorossiysk petroleum products trunk pipelines (PPTPs), a part of the company’s Yug project.
The implementation of the Yug project entails creating an infrastructure suitable for both pipeline transportation of diesel fuel in the direction of Novorossiysk, a Russian port, and for exporting up to six million tons of crude oil per year from Russia’s Black Sea coast to European countries. The commissioning of the Yug project’s PPTPs was preceded by successful system tests at peak oil pumping modes using an agent, with a number of technical measures taken during the trial.
On May 8, 2018, Tatneft published its unaudited consolidated interim condensed financial statements for the three months that ended March 31, 2018, prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) and a related financial analysis done by company management (“MD&A”).
In the first quarter of 2018, Tatneft produced 7.1 million tons, or 50.6 million barrels (MMbbl) of crude oil and 223.3 million cubic meters of gas. The TANECO refinery’s output in the first quarter of 2018 was 2.2 million tons of refined products.
The company said that the gas produced will be exported in the form of liquefied natural gas.
Rosneft plans to carry on production at two fields offshore Venezuela for 15 years, averaging at 6.5 billion cubic meters of gas per year. The gas produced will be exported in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG), the Russian oil company reported on December 17.
According to the company’s statement, Venezuelan authorities gave a Rosneft subsidiary, a license to develop the offshore fields of Patan and Mejillones for 30 years.
According to the license, Groupo Rosneft will be the project operator and will be able to export all the volumes produced, in the form of LNG among other options. The gas reserves in place for the two fields are 180 billion cubic meters. The targeted production level is 6.5 billion cubic meters of gas per year for 15 years,” the company stated.
At the same time, Ministry of Economic Development predicts a gradual decline in oil prices in 2018.
The average price of the Urals-brand crude oil totaled 52.17 dollars per barrel from January to November 2017, according to a report by the Russian Ministry of Finance published on December 1.
In the corresponding period of the previous year, the average price of a barrel of the Urals-brand crude oil stood at 41.02 dollar. As such, on an annualized basis, for the first 11 months of the current year, the increase in the average price of the Urals oil was 27.2 percent.
The average price of the Urals-brand oil in November 2017 was 61.97 dollars per barrel, which is 1.41 times higher than a year earlier.
The chairman of Gazprom’s board of directors Viktor Zubkov said that the concern relies on companies from the defense industry.
Gazprom relies on the Russian defense industry to develop technologies and equipment for offshore operations, the chairman of Gazprom’s board of directors Viktor Zubkov said while taking part in launching the Leaders of Russia competition in Rostov-on-Don on December 11, 2017.
“We did not have all of these technologies [for gas production at sea]. Now, through the association of Russian companies that are developing equipment for Gazprom and with the involvement of defense sector companies, we are creating these technologies. We need to get all the thinking, all research, all development knowhow to produce on deep shelves,” Zubkov said.
Processing volumes in the reporting period will stand at 39.7 million tons.
By the end of 2017, Gazprom Neft plans to increase the production of hydrocarbons some 4.2 percent relative to the previous year. Volumes are expected to go up to 89.8 million tons of oil equivalent, the company said on December 25, 2017.
“In 2017, the volume of hydrocarbon production of Gazprom Neft will be 89.8 million tons of oil equivalent, which is 4.2 percent higher than the volume of production registered in 2016. The annual volume of processing according to preliminary estimates is expected to reach 39.7 million tons,” the company’s statement said.
The development of new large-scale projects in the Arctic region, such as the Novoportovskoye, the East Messoyakhskoye, and the Prirazlomnoye fields have made the largest contribution to increasing hydrocarbon production in 2017.
From January 1 to August 15, 2017, Gazprom’s gas supplies to the countries that will be serviced by the future Turkish Stream pipeline rose up markedly. In particular, Russian gas supplies to Turkey, Southern, and Southeastern Europe increased against the corresponding period of 2016 as follows: exports to Turkey increased by 22.4 percent, to Greece by 13.2 percent, to Serbia by 40.8 percent, to Bulgaria by 11.1 percent, and to Hungary by 24.4 percent.
The volume of Russian gas exports to foreign countries increased from January 1 to August 15, 2017 by 12.7 billion cubic meters, or 12 percent, relative to the corresponding period of the prior year, up to 118.3 billion cubic meters (4.17 tcf).
The U.S.-based oil giant ExxonMobil has challenged the decision of the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the U.S. Treasury Department that imposed a fine on the company for violating the sanctions against Russia, the company said in a statement on July 20, 2017.
The U.S. Department of the Treasury fined ExxonMobil a total of two million dollars for violating anti-Russian sanctions related to Ukraine. OFAC’s statement said that the company was punished for signing eight documents in May 2014 with the president of Rosneft Igor Sechin, who had been included on the American sanctions list. The divisions of the U.S. company involved in the deals with Rosneft are ExxonMobil Development Co. and ExxonMobil Oil Corp.
The U.S. State Department later said that the former head of ExxonMobil and the U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson did not participate in the Treasury Department’s imposition of penalties against the company.
In August 2017, Russia maintained the leading position in world oil production, producing on average 10.608 million barrels of oil per day, Rosstat data released on October 23, 2017 demonstrate. Russia’s daily production stood ahead of Saudi Arabia’s output for the sixth month in a row. Saudi Arabia’s extraction volume in August was in the second place, with 10.022 million barrels of oil per day.
In the reporting period, the OPEC countries produced 32.755 million barrels a day on average. Iraq’s production stood at 4.448 million barrels. Experts believe that Saudi oil exports will continue decreasing because the country’s crude stockpiles are being drawn down.
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) has called on shale oil producing companies in the U.S. to join the agreement on reducing production. The OPEC’s Secretary General Muhammad Barkindo made the request in a speech at the CERAWeek conference in New Delhi on September 26, 2017. He has called on producers in the U.S. “to show responsibility” and not to allow for the collapse of the price of oil.
“We urge our friends in the shale basins of North America to take this shared responsibility with all seriousness it deserves, as one of the key lessons learned from the current unique supply-driven cycle,” Secretary General Barkindo said at the conference.
He explained that the need to decrease production comes as a result of the market’s oversaturation. In Mr. Barkindo’s words, the oil supply hasn’t reached a balance in the nine months that the Russia-OPEC agreement has been in effect.
In the timeframe from January 1 to July 15, 2017, Gazprom increased gas production by 18.8 percent against the corresponding period of the previous year. The company extracted 248.8 billion cubic meters of gas (8.7 tcf), which is 39.3 billion cubic meters (1.3 tcf) more than the figure reported last year, the gas company’s July 17, 2017 press release said.
Over the reporting period, exports of Russia’s gas to foreign countries increased by 11.3 billion cubic meters (0.4 tcf), or 12.3 percent year-on-year. Deliveries to the countries of Northwest and Central Europe have increased overall. In particular, supplies to Germany rose by 16.7 percent, to Austria by 77.2 percent, to the Czech Republic by 24.8 percent, and to Slovakia by 25.8 percent.
According to Rosneft’s published materials, the company’s program until the year 2022 entails drilling ten search wells and undertaking exploratory works at license areas in the Far East and on the East Arctic shelf. Rosneft’s total spending for exploration and production in the region are anticipated to reach RUB140 billion (USD2.37 billion) in the planning period, the company’s materials released September 8, 2017 suggest.
In the beginning of April, Rosneft started drilling a well at the northernmost Central Olginskaya-1 offshore field in the Khatanga license area in the East Arctic.
Rosneft intends to speed up exploratory drilling on the Arctic shelf, drilling four search wells in the Laptev Sea, and eight wells in the Karsky and the Barents seas. Rosneft now has 28 license areas on the Arctic shelf with total resources of 34 billion tons of oil equivalent. Rosneft’s share comprises 78 percent of total licensed areas in the Arctic.
Authorities in the U.S. are ready to prohibit the transfer of actual control over the Citgo oil refining company to Russia’s Rosneft, The Wall Street Journal reported on September 1, 2017. According to The Wall Street Journal, the White House stands ready to block the transaction for Rosneft’s receiving control over Citgo, which is the U.S.-based subsidiary of Venezuela’s state oil and gas company PDVSA. Moreover, some U.S. officials think that the report of Rosneft’s receiving a controlling stake in the company is likely to engender adverse legal consequences for Citgo.
While the U.S. implemented restrictive measures targeting Russia in connection with the situation in Ukraine, it did not absolutely prohibit American companies from participating in all unconventional projects.
Unconventional reserves include hard-to-extract resources that typically necessitate such techniques as hydraulic fracturing. In the years past, Russian oil companies looked to Western firms to supply the technology for effectively recovering unconventionals.
Despite the sanctions, the Norwegian multinational oil and gas company Statoil still develops Russian unconventional reserves. BP is also looking to undertake a similar project. The reason that the Western companies’ participation in Russia’s unconventional plays is not in breach of U.S. sanctions is that those Southeast Russian sites constitute limestone formations.
Rosneft predicts very low oil prices of USD40 to USD43 per barrel in 2018. Shale oil producers and also U.S. financial markets are likely to exert an impact on oil prices.
“One of the most essential factors, along with the active work of shale oil producers, is the great influence of U.S. financial markets on oil prices. The devaluation of the dollar is now at about 20 percent. To use the corresponding coefficients, the true price of oil is about USD40 per barrel,” Rosneft’s CEO Igor Sechin summed up on September 11, 2017.
At the beginning of 2015, the price of Brent crude oil fell to USD40 per barrel. This year, the lowest price of oil was USD44.3 per barrel, and the maximum price has been recorded at the beginning of this year at USD58.37 per barrel.
During the 9th BRICS Summit in China, Rosgeo and South Africa’s PetroSA agreed to work together on shelf projects, the Russian geological company announced on September 4, 2017.
In particular, the contract provides for exploration and development of blocks 9 and 11A of the southern continental shelf off the coast of South Africa. The agreement envisions a considerable exploratory phase. Three-dimensional seismic prospecting will cover more than 4,000 square kilometers, while gravity-magnetic prospecting will span over 13,000 kilometers. Rosgeo will also drill exploratory wells. The estimated volume of investment is about USD400 million.
Reserves in the region have been estimated at over 50 million tons of oil and over 400 billion cubic meters (14 tcf) of gas. Expected gas resources can reach as much as 1.2 trillion cubic meters (42.3 tcf).
The U.S. would not be able to replace Russia’s gas supplies to Europe, the Permanent Representative of Russia to the E.U. Vladimir Chizhov said on August 17, 2017. “Even if the U.S. delivered the liquefied gas (LNG) to Europe free of charge, they just wouldn’t have a chance to replace Russia’s deliveries,” Ambassador Chizhov elaborated.
The Permanent Representative named three reasons for why the U.S. couldn’t become an alternative to Russia.
“In the United States, the export terminal for the shipment of LNG is in Louisiana. The U.S. is yet to construct a half-dozen terminals in different parts of the country. Second, there is not enough gas. Third, in Europe there aren’t a lot of terminals that are ready to accept the liquefied gas, and there aren’t a lot of tankers for transporting it,” Ambassador Chizhov noted.
Gerhard Schröder confirmed his intention to hold a position on Rosneft’s board of directors. The ex-chancellor from the Social Democratic Party (SPD) said that the answer to his decision lay in his desire to make Germany and Europe energy-independent. He left open the question of whether he will hold the position as the chairman of Rosneft’s supervisory board.
The ex-politician called unreasonable the attempts to isolate Russia. “The demonizing of Russia won’t bring benefit to anybody,” he has emphasized. Mr. Schröder rejected the opinion that Rosneft is “a hand of the Russian government,” noting that the shareholders of the world’s largest oil company also include BP, Qatar, and Glencore. He has also emphasized that Russian representatives do not dominate Rosneft’s supervisory board.
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 88
|
https://twitter.com/NatGasAsia/status/1809199315392327854
|
en
|
x.com
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
X (formerly Twitter)
| null | ||||||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 32
|
https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/zarubezhneft-may-start-exploration-in-kazakhstan/
|
en
|
Zarubezhneft: May Start Exploration in Kazakhstan
|
[
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/en.png",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/ru.png",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ROGTEC-logo-300-1.gif",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KDR-2024.gif",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SDUK-Upstream-Banner-750-x-100-1.png",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KDR-2024-ENG.gif",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e6631ace7bd2882531d9714bc5081a72?s=26&d=mm&r=g",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Zarubezhneft-750-ROGTEC-750x375.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG_5695-60x60.webp",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG-20240817-WA0048_PNgHBekzf7Hy03iE4Si2ca3Kzvj257-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/emba-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/668b9f788c4e4674159718-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/980e883e64b14f0a4b9b9d4416c-60x60.webp",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/kazmunajgaz-i-lukojl-obsudili-sotrudnichestvo-po-proektu-22kalamkas-more-hazar-auezov22-bizmedia.kz_-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/62-nam-1-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/yg31w0mjiqa0dcobfzjbvacivghw5naz-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/МЛСК-им.-В.-Филановского-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/scale_1200-1-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ROGTEC-Issue-68-cover-Home-Wide.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/баннер-big4-для-Rogtec-Английский-gif.gif",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/KIOGE24_360х100_ru.gif",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Yury-Kichigin-WNOG-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Kamil-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Winershall-Featured-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Boris-Ivanov-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/GDS-Top-Drive-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Proppants-Roundtable-ROGTEC-Featured-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Technology-Roundtable-Drilling-Contractors-PNG-Drilling-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Drilling-Fluids-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Wellbore-Cementing-Featured-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/rogtech_logo_white.png",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/rdcr_logo_white-2018.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Doug Robson",
"Saul Haslam"
] |
2021-10-11T11:01:11+00:00
|
ROGTEC Magazine – Russian Oil and Gas Technologies Magazine is Russia's and the Caspian's leading, independent, upstream publication
|
en
|
ROGTEC
|
https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/zarubezhneft-may-start-exploration-in-kazakhstan/
|
The state company Zarubezhneft is discussing with the NC KazMunayGas participation in onshore exploration projects in Kazakhstan. Possible options include Urikhtau and Ural Oil & Gas in Aktobe and West Kazakhstan regions.
“We have opened a data room for some new exploration projects. The Russian company has experience of working in different countries, at sea and, which is very important, the opportunity to attract investments, “said Alik Aidarbayev, Chairman of the Board of the Kazakhstani company, Kommersant.
According to him, “in the project in the west of Kazakhstan we have partners – the Chinese, and we wanted to see a Russian company there, because there are gas issues”.
The form and shares of participation have not been determined and are under consideration by the parties, as well as other conditions for entering potential projects. Gas production projects are one of the company’s long-term development focuses, therefore Kazakhstan is viewed as a promising area.
The Urikhtau project includes the Central Urikhtau, East Urikhtau and South Urikhtau fields with reserves of 12 million tons of oil and 40 billion cubic meters. m of gas. Expected annual production is 500 thousand tons of oil and 1.5 billion cubic meters. m of gas. Ural Oil & Gas includes the Fedorovsky block, where the Rozhkovskoye field was discovered, recoverable reserves of condensate and gas were estimated at 15 million tons of oil and 62 billion cubic meters. m of gas. Commercial production at the field is expected in 2023.
Earlier in September, Zarubezhneft and KazMunayGas signed an agreement of intent to implement joint investment projects, but they were not named.
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 71
|
https://www.world-energy.org/article/39175.html
|
en
|
Kazakhstan Starts Gas Production at Rozhkovskoye Field
|
[
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/cpu/images/001.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/Facebook.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/Twitter.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/Instagram.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/weibo.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/Facebook.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/Twitter.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/LinkedIn.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/weibo.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2023/1222/20231222013843331.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2023/1222/20231222013916611.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2023/1222/20231222013945598.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2023/1222/20231222014027480.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2023/1222/20231222014100862.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2024/0520/20240520091133759.jpeg",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2024/0626/20240626105622644.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2024/0420/20240420114349866.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2024/0429/20240429022444787.jpg",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2024/0506/20240506041425177.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2024/0322/20240322090051612.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2023/1109/20231109052142246.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/cpu/images/002.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Oil & Gas"
] | null |
[] | null |
Photo credit: primeminister.kzWest Kazakhstan’s major gas condensate field Rozhkovskoye was put into operation with Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov participating in the ceremony via a videoconference, Kazinform News Agency reports.The gas and con
| null |
Photo credit: primeminister.kz
West Kazakhstan’s major gas condensate field Rozhkovskoye was put into operation with Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov participating in the ceremony via a videoconference, Kazinform News Agency reports.
The gas and condensate field was discovered in 2008 as a result of geological exploration works. 14.2 billion cubic meters of raw gas and 7.1 million tons of condensate are set to be produced here by 2040.
Photo credit: primeminister.kz
The field is developed by a joint venture comprising KazMunayGas (50%), Hungary’s MOL Group (27.5%) and China’s Sinopec (22.5%), according to primeminister.kz.
$534 million have been invested into the project to date.
The national budget is expected to be replenished by 501 billion tenge, while 100 billion tenge will go to the local budget due to the project's implementation. The shareholders also plan to spend at least 3.1 billion tenge on socio-economic development of the region and allocate 1% from the investments to the local personnel training.
Alikhan Smailov emphasized strategic importance of the project launched in pursue of the Presidential instruction on attraction of investments to the exploration and development of new gas fields.
Photo credit: primeminister.kz
In his words, several more gas projects will be launched in a mid-term perspective, such as Urikhtau Centralnyi in Aktobe region, Zapadnaya Prorva in Atyrau region and Kalamkas in Mangistau region.
The development of this field will let produce, on average, over 2 billion cubic meters of gas per annum.
Photo credit: primeminister.kz
Additionally, the country is developing 12 promising geological survey projects together with international companies.
Chairman of the Board of JSC NC KazMunayGas Magzum Mirzagaliyev, Vice President of MOL Group Zsombor Marton from Budapest and Chairman of Sinopec International Petroleum Exploration & Production Corporation Guo Yueliang from Beijing participated in the ceremony in a videoconference format.
|
|||||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 26
|
https://astanatimes.com/2023/12/kazakhstans-energy-sector-surges-this-year/
|
en
|
Kazakhstan’s Energy Sector Surges This Year
|
[
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/67106500",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/uploads/worldnomadgames.jpeg",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/themes/astanatimes/build/images/layout/kazakhstan-news.png",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IMG_0815.jpeg",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/themes/astanatimes/build/images/layout/astana-kazakhstan-news.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Aruzhan Ualikhanova"
] |
2023-12-27T07:38:39+00:00
|
Kazakhstan’s Energy Sector Surges This Year
|
en
|
https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/themes/astanatimes/assets/images/icons/news-in-kazakhstan.ico
|
The Astana Times
|
https://astanatimes.com/2023/12/kazakhstans-energy-sector-surges-this-year/
|
ASTANA – Reviewing the accomplishments in Kazakhstan’s energy sector over this year, the Prime Minister’s press service issued an overview on Dec. 26, highlighting significant achievements.
Oil and gas production
In January-November, oil and gas condensate production reached 82.2 million tons, an 8% increase compared to the previous year. Gas production rose by 12% to 53.8 billion cubic meters, with commercial gas production increasing by 6% to 26.9 billion cubic meters. Meanwhile, oil exports grew by 10% to 64.3 million tons, and natural gas rose by 8% to 5.3 billion cubic meters.
Domestic oil refineries exceeded their target by producing 11.2 million tons of petroleum products in January-October, with plans to produce 13.4 million tons by year-end.
Gas fields launch
The large Rozhkovskoye field in the West Kazakhstan Region commenced commercial operation, set to produce 14.2 billion cubic meters of raw gas and 7.1 million tons of condensate until 2040.
Kazakhstan commissioned the Aksai South and Eastern Urikhtau fields this year and is planning to launch a few more gas projects soon, including Urikhtau Central in the Aktobe Region, Western Prorva in the Atyrau Region, and Kalamkas in the Mangystau Region.
Gas pipelines launch
The launch of the second line of the Beineu-Zhanaozen gas pipeline, with an investment of about 180 billion tenge ($391.6 million), will ensure a stable gas supply to populated areas and industrial facilities. A gas distribution pipeline, estimated at 8.3 billion tenge ($18 million), was built for the Sarsha area and the Warm Beach resort area in the Mangystau Region.
Completing the Makat-North Caucasus gas pipeline looping worth about 100 billion tenge ($217.5 million) in the Atyrau Region made it possible to meet regional gas demands.
Foreign investors, renewable energy, and the western zone
A strategically important project has been implemented to strengthen the energy network of the western zone, with five 780-kilometer-long 220-kilovolt power transmission lines built. As a result, the reliability of the western zone network has been doubled.
Renewable energy initiatives also witnessed progress, with the approval of a 5-year auction schedule and the operation of 16 facilities with a total capacity of 495.6 megawatts and an investment cost of nearly $450 million.
Agreements with foreign investors from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Total Energies, and China Power International Holding for large-scale projects aim to build three wind power plants totaling three gigawatts, further contributing to the country’s sustainable energy goals.
The first-ever contract for the supply of natural uranium was concluded with an energy company from the UAE, as well as a long-term contract for the supply of natural uranium with an energy company from China.
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 73
|
https://kazservice.kz/en/info/faces_en/outlook-for-gas-growth/
|
en
|
Kazservice
|
[
"https://kazservice.kz/bitrix/templates/aspro-allcorp_new/themes/color7/images/logo.png",
"https://kazservice.kz/upload/resize_cache/iblock/574/325_230_2/Магзум Мирзагалиев CMYK.JPG",
"https://kazservice.kz/upload/resize_cache/iblock/746/325_230_2/новая CMYK.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Официальный сайт ОЮЛ Союза нефтесервисных компаний Казахстана
|
/en/favicon.ico
|
Kazservice
|
https://kazservice.kz/en/info/faces_en/outlook-for-gas-growth/
|
In the medium run, Kazakhstan intends to strike and commission both new and suspended gas fields. The infrastructure of gas distribution among the regions is expected to expand further, which will reduce coal consumption and benefit the environment. By 2030, Kazakhstan will cut its air pollutant emissions by 60 to 70 thousand tons per year, preliminary estimated. Magzum MIRZAGALIYEV, Vice-Minister of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, will give us an insight into the development of the national gas sector and the current construction status of the Saryarka gas pipeline.
Could you please share the Ministry’s plans for bolstering the gas supply infrastructure in Central and Northern Kazakhstan?
The country witnesses a dynamic growth of gas consumption. To date, utility gas is accessible to 49.68% of the country’s population or about 9 million people. At year-end 2018, this indicator increased by 511,769 people. That way, we are working towards the strategic objective of stable supply of the domestic market with our own gas. Natural gas is delivered to 11 of the country’s 17 regions. However, the gas distribution infrastructure in Central and Northern Kazakhstan is still missing. In this regard, the head of state instructed us to build the Saryarka main gasline (Stage I, Kyzylorda-Astana Section) along the route Kyzylorda—Zhezkazgan—Karaganda—Temirtau—Astana. Thus we will make sure the population in the Central and Northern regions, including Astana, has access to gas.
To be specific, the pipeline construction will gradually distribute natural gas to 171 settlements (Astana, 119 in Karaganda Region and 51 in Akmola Region) along its route. Moreover, the number of new production facilities that use natural gas are expected to grow. 1,690 jobs will be created during the construction phase. The operational period will give rise to about 200 work positions. The shift to gas consumption in the Central and Northern regions will benefit the environment in Zhezkazgan, Karaganda, Temirtau and Astana, as well as replace coal heating. According to preliminary estimates, the level of air pollutant emissions will decrease by 60,000 to 70,000 tons per year by 2030.
What is the planned timeframe to run the Saryarka pipeline? What will be the consumption volume and how will industrial and civil gas supply be distributed?
As scheduled, the first phase construction of the Saryarka pipeline is to be completed in December 2019. The design, construction and phased commissioning of gas grids to be connected to the pipeline will start in 2019 and go further as funds are allocated by investors as well as the national and local budgets.
As specified in the project’s feasibility study, the annual consumption volume in Astana, Karaganda, Akmola Regions will be about 805 million cubic meters in 2025; in 2030, it will be as high as around 1.5 billion cubic meters per year. More accurate figures will be known when the design and estimate documentation for the gas infrastructure development in settlements along the Saryarka pipeline route is finally elaborated. In Astana, hot water boilers at CHPs 1, 2 and 3 will be supplied with gas in the first place.
Who will supply gas for the Saryarka pipeline? Is Karachaganak, being a gas-condensate field, a major gas supplier or will there be any swaps? What is the scheme of obtaining gas for the gas branch?
KazTransGas JSC, the national operator in the area of gas and gas supply, is engaged in wholesales of commercial gas in the domestic market for each region, city of national status and the capital.
The construction project of the Saryarka pipeline envisages to supply gas from the cluster of fields located in Western Kazakhstan (Karachaganak, Kashagan, Tengiz, Zhanazhol and Urikhtau) by connecting to the existing main pipeline Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent in Kyzylorda region.
Could you please mention the investment amount? Where do the national interests lie in this project?
In August 2018, the State Commission for Economic Modernization approved and accepted the following financing scheme for the construction of the Saryarka pipeline: Samruk-Kazyna Fund and national holding Baiterek replenished the charter capital owned by the project company, AstanaGaz KMG, by 80.3 billion tenge (40,15 billion tenge each); 102 billion tenge were borrowed from the Eurasian Development Bank (51 billion tenge) and the Development Bank of Kazakhstan (51 billion tenge); Unified Accumulative Pension Fund JSC (UAPF) invested retirement assets in AstanaGaz KMG bonds to the amount of 85 billion tenge.
In August 2018, the State Commission for the Economic Modernization reviewed and approved the above scheme and terms of the project financing, including the use of anti-crisis funds and raising funds of UAPF JSC. In October last year, the project company’s charter capital was replenished, and in December the second part of the financing was performed with the use of UAPF JSC funds. The rest of the funds from the Development Bank of Kazakhstan and the Eurasian Development Bank is planned to be received in May-June 2019.
Please share the Ministry’s vision on the further development of the gas industry. Will new gas fields be stricken? What are the prospects for the application of gas produced at Kashagan?
Today, the gas sector in Kazakhstan and in the world is one of the most dynamically developing industries, as compared to oil and coal. Expanding opportunities of gas usage will put it and alternative energetics on a par with the main energy sources in the future.
Kazakhstan boasts the world’s 22nd and CIS’ 3rd largest gas reserves (after Russia and Turkmenistan). The approved recoverable reserves amount to 4 trillion cubic meters, including 2.2 trillion cubic meters of associated and 1.8 trillion cubic meters of non-associated gas.
During the years of independence, the level of gas production has increased more than six times, amounting to 55.5 billion cubic meters in 2018. In 2018, the main share of gas production was ensured by the following large fields: Karachaganak—34%, Tengiz—28% and Kashagan—14%.
The prospects for Kazakhstan’s gas industry are promising. In the medium-term, we plan to complete the formation of the EAEU (Eurasian Economic Union) common gas market and expand the opportunities for mutual gas trade by 2025.
By 2030, according to the general scheme, the share of the population having access to natural gas will grow from the current 49.68% to 56%.
In 2019, the liquefied gas market will be gradually deregulated. Sales will be implemented on electronic trading platforms. Given the high level of investment activity in the oil and gas sector, both new and suspended gas fields are expected to be stricken and put into operation in the medium run.
Among gas fields, the following ones can be noted: the Shagyrly-Shomyshty field (KazAzot LLP) with an annual gas production of 1 billion cubic meters, Sarybulak (Tarbagatai Munai LLP) with 505 million cubic meters, Amangeldy (AmangeldyGaz LLP) with 360 million cubic meters and Kzyloi (TetisAralGaz LLP) with 153 million cubic meters. All the gas produced in these fields will be upgraded to commercial quality and sold to consumers, except for a small amount to be inevitably burned and used for own technological needs.
The gas produced at Kashagan is planned to be used to increase the commercial gas volume to 2.4 to 2.6 billion cubic meters per year. Also, we are currently considering options for marketing of liquefied gas as a commodity product in the domestic market according to the Production Sharing Agreement.
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 10
|
https://www.globaldata.com/store/report/urikhtau-project-field-kazakhstan-profile-innovation-and-trend-analysis/
|
en
|
Urikhtau Project Field
|
[
"https://www.globaldata.com/store/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/05/gd_blue-logo.webp",
"https://www.globaldata.com/store/wp-content/themes/html5blank/assets/img/logo/gd_blue.png",
"https://www.globaldata.com/store/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/02/image-2-1.png",
"https://www.globaldata.com/store/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/02/image-2-1.png",
"https://www.globaldata.com/store/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/11/tesal.webp",
"https://www.globaldata.com/store/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/11/liebherr.webp",
"https://www.globaldata.com/store/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/11/saab.webp",
"https://www.globaldata.com/store/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/11/p-foods.webp",
"https://www.globaldata.com/store/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/11/standrad.webp",
"https://www.globaldata.com/store/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/11/givaudan.webp",
"https://www.globaldata.com/store/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/11/tsys.webp",
"https://www.globaldata.com/store/code/wp-content/themes/html5blank/industry-images/Oil_and_Gas/Oil_Gas9.jpg",
"https://www.globaldata.com/store/code/wp-content/themes/html5blank/industry-images/Oil_and_Gas/Oil_Gas.jpg",
"https://www.globaldata.com/store/code/wp-content/themes/html5blank/industry-images/Oil_and_Gas/Oil_Gas8.jpg",
"https://www.globaldata.com/store/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/04/gd_blue-logo.webp"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2023-05-16T18:35:36+00:00
|
GDOGAP02982-MP
|
en
|
https://www.globaldata.com/store/wp-content/themes/html5blank/assets/img/icon/favicon.ico
|
Market Research Reports & Consulting | GlobalData UK Ltd.
|
https://www.globaldata.com/store/report/urikhtau-project-field-kazakhstan-profile-innovation-and-trend-analysis/
|
“The GlobalData platform is our go-to tool for intelligence services. GlobalData provides an easy way to access comprehensive intelligence data around multiple sectors, which essentially makes it a one-for-all intelligence platform, for tendering and approaching customers.
GlobalData is very customer orientated, with a high degree of personalised services, which benefits everyday use. The highly detailed project intelligence and forecast reports can be utilised across multiple departments and workflow scopes, from operational to strategic level, and often support strategic decisions. GlobalData Analytics and visualisation solutions has contributed positively when preparing management presentations and strategic papers.”
Your daily news has saved me a lot of time and keeps me up-to-date with what is happening in the market, I like that you almost always have a link to the source origin. We also use your market data in our Strategic Business Process to support our business decisions. By having everything in one place on the Intelligence Center it has saved me a lot of time versus looking on different sources, the alert function also helps with this.
Our experience with GlobalData has been very good, from the platform itself to the people. I find that the analysts and the account team have a high level of customer focus and responsiveness and therefore I can always rely on. The platform is more holistic than other providers. It is convenient and almost like a one stop shop. The pricing suite is highly competitive and value for our organisation.
I like reports that inform new segments such as the analysis on generation Z, millennials, the impact of COVID 19 to our banking customers and their new channel habits. Secondly the specialist insight on affluent sector significantly increases our understanding about this group of customers. The combination of those give us depth and breadth of the evolving market.
I’m in the business of answering and helping people make decisions so with the intelligence center I can do that, effectively and efficiently. I can share quickly key insights that answer and satisfy our country stakeholders by giving them many quality studies and primary research about competitive landscape beyond the outlook of our bank. It helps me be seen as an advisory partner and that makes a big difference. A big benefit of our subscription is that no one holds the whole data and because it allows so many people, so many different parts of our organisation have access, it enables all teams to have the same level of knowledge and decision support.
“I know that I can always rely on Globaldata’s work when I’m searching for the right consumer and market insights. I use Globaldata insights to understand the changing market & consumer landscape and help create better taste & wellbeing solutions for our customers in food, beverage and healthcare industries.
Globaldata has the right data and the reports are of very high quality compared to your competitors. Globaldata not only has overall market sizes & consumer insights on food & beverages but also provides insights at the ingredient & flavour level. That is key for B2B companies like Givaudan. This way we understand our customers’ business and also gain insight to our unique industry”
GlobalData provides a great range of information and reports on various sectors that is highly relevant, timely, easy to access and utilise. The reports and data dashboards help engagement with clients; they provide valuable industry and market insights that can enrich client conversations and can help in the shaping of value propositions. Moreover, using GlobalData products has helped increase my knowledge of the finance sector, the players within it, and the general threats and opportunities.
I find the consumer surveys that are carried out to be extremely beneficial and not something I have seen anywhere else. They provided an insightful view of why and which consumers take (or don’t) particular financial products. This can help shape conversations with clients to ensure they make the right strategic decisions for their business.
One of the challenges I have found is that data in the payments space is often piecemeal. With GD all of the data I need is in one place, but it also comes with additional market reports that provide useful extra context and information. Having the ability to set-up alerts on relevant movements in the industry, be it competitors or customers, and have them emailed directly to me, ensures I get early sight of industry activity and don’t have to search for news.
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 12
|
https://astanatimes.com/2024/03/kmgs-production-highlights-in-2023-new-fields-enhanced-shipments-sustainable-growth/
|
en
|
KMG's Production Highlights in 2023: New Fields, Enhanced Shipments, Sustainable Growth
|
[
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/67106500",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/uploads/worldnomadgames.jpeg",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/themes/astanatimes/build/images/layout/kazakhstan-news.png",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Screen_Shot_2024-03-01_at_16.32.45.png",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Screen_Shot_2024-03-01_at_16.33.03.png",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/themes/astanatimes/build/images/layout/astana-kazakhstan-news.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Fatima Kemelova"
] |
2024-03-04T05:28:08+00:00
|
KMG's Production Highlights in 2023: New Fields, Enhanced Shipments, Sustainable Growth
|
en
|
https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/themes/astanatimes/assets/images/icons/news-in-kazakhstan.ico
|
The Astana Times
|
https://astanatimes.com/2024/03/kmgs-production-highlights-in-2023-new-fields-enhanced-shipments-sustainable-growth/
|
ASTANA – The KazMunayGas (KMG) national oil and gas company published production results over the past year on the company’s official website in late February. Recent accomplishments include the opening of new fields, the increase in the shipment and diversification of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), and the implementation of sustainable development projects.
“Looking back, I can say that today’s KMG encompasses the entire spectrum of oil and gas activities within its structure, from exploration and production to transportation and refining of oil,” said KMG Chairman Magzum Mirzagaliyev in an interview with the company’s press service.
Last year, as part of the initiative to increase gas production at operational and exploration assets, KMG launched three new fields – the Aksai Yuzhny field, the Vostochny Urikhtau field, and the Rozhkovskoye field.
The company concluded the acquisition deal with France’s TotalEnergies for a 60% stake in the Dunga oil and gas field in the Mangystau Region in November 2023. Oil production for the reporting year at the field amounted to 547,000 tons, with KMG contributing 40,000 tons since its involvement in the project.
The development of the TITR is now of particular importance for the Kazakh government in enhancing the country’s transit potential linking it to the global transport network. In 2023, KMG shipped approximately 1 million tons in 2023 through the corridor via the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline. As part of route diversification efforts, the company delivered nearly 1 million tons of oil to Germany through the Atyrau-Samara pipeline.
In terms of oil trading, Mirzagaliyev noted the launch of the Kazakhstan Export Blend Crude Oil (KEBCO) brand, “a significant event not only for the company but for the entire oil and gas industry of Kazakhstan.”
“Historically, Kazakhstan traded two brands of oil: a blend of oils in the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC), and Urals, which is transported through the Atyrau-Samara pipeline. Regarding the Urals, it should be noted that Kazakhstan’s oil is mixed with Russia’s oil during transportation to the Russian seaports,” said Mirzagaliyev.
“Therefore, the introduction of the KEBCO brand marks a pivotal moment in the country’s oil trading landscape, signifying Kazakhstan’s growing prominence as an independent player in the global oil market,” he noted.
Another noteworthy achievement is the formation of a joint venture in cooperation with Abu Dhabi Ports (ADP), and the acquisition of two tankers, Taraz and Liwa, each boasting a deadweight of 8,000 tons. The vessels are now operating in the transportation of Kazakh oil across the Caspian Sea.
“In addition, we have initiated the first-ever transportation of Tengiz oil in open seas. Historically, this task was exclusively managed by Chevron Tankers. Today, the joint fleet of tankers operated by KMG and ADP is already transporting oil from the Tengiz field from the marine port of Novorossiysk to destinations worldwide,” said Mirzagaliyev.
In terms of strategic objectives, the company is implementing sustainable development projects, including its low-carbon development program. KMG is finalizing the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the one-gigawatt (GW) Mirny wind power in partnership with Total Eren, the French renewables producer.
In comparison with 2022, the proven and probable hydrocarbon reserves of the KMG increased by 3.7% in 2023, reaching 733 million tons of oil equivalent.
The volume of oil and gas condensate production has also increased by 6.9%, reaching 23,532 tons. Apart from that, the company demonstrated a notable growth in the volume of oil transportation, which rose by 7.6%, totaling 80,359 tons.
According to Mirzagaliyev, many of the aforementioned socio-economic initiatives undertaken and systematically implemented by KMG, stem from a deep appreciation for the unique value of the many skilled professionals within the company’s workforce, comprising the thousands-strong labor collective of its enterprises. The figures over the past year indicate the strengthening of the company’s position in the global oil and gas industry and the remaining vast potential for significant discoveries in Kazakhstan.
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 47
|
https://turkic.world/en/articles/kazakhstan/256961
|
en
|
KazMunayGas, CNPC discuss prospects for co-op in geological exploration
|
[
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/83445739",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/logo_new.png",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/countries/EN.svg?v1",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/countries/AZ.svg?v1",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/countries/RU.svg?v1",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/countries/TR.svg?v1",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/countries/KG.svg?v1",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/countries/TM.svg?v1",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/countries/UZ.svg?v1",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/countries/KZ.svg?v1",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/logo_new.png",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/countries/EN.svg?v1",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/countries/AZ.svg?v1",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/countries/RU.svg?v1",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/countries/TR.svg?v1",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/countries/KG.svg?v1",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/countries/TM.svg?v1",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/countries/UZ.svg?v1",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/countries/KZ.svg?v1",
"https://turkic.world/media/2024/05/21/kazmunaygas_official.jpg",
"https://turkic.world/assets/ads/study_in_turkiye_527x600.jpg",
"https://turkic.world/media/2024/02/27/600x410/ilham_aliyev_main_photo_200320_3.jpg",
"https://turkic.world/media/2024/06/03/320x220/ilham_aliyev_main_photo_200320_2-1536x1025.jpg",
"https://turkic.world/media/2024/06/01/320x220/ilham_aliyev_main_photo_200320_2.jpg",
"https://turkic.world/media/2024/08/01/320x220/ilham_aliyev.jpg",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/image_cap.jpg",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/image_cap.jpg",
"https://turkic.world/media/2024/07/25/600x410/socar.jpg",
"https://turkic.world/media/2024/05/21/600x410/kazmunaygas_official.jpg",
"https://turkic.world/media/2024/05/21/600x410/kazmunaygas_official.jpg",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/image_cap.jpg",
"https://turkic.world/media/2024/07/10/600x410/kasmunaygas.jpg",
"https://turkic.world/media/2024/05/21/600x410/kazmunaygas_official.jpg",
"https://turkic.world/media/2021/11/30/600x410/kazmunay.jpg",
"https://turkic.world/media/2024/05/21/600x410/kazmunaygas_official.jpg",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/tw_logo_white.png",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/image_cap.jpg",
"https://turkic.world/media/2024/06/18/320x220/georgia.jpg",
"https://turkic.world/assets/img/image_cap.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Narmin Agayeva"
] |
2024-07-02T11:03:43+04:00
|
Negotiations on this topic took place between the Chairman of the Board of KMG, Askhat Khassenov, and Houliang Dai, Chairperson of CNPC.
|
en
|
/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png?v=20230714
|
TurkicWorld
|
https://turkic.world/en/articles/kazakhstan/256961
|
ASTANA, Kazakhstan, July 2. KazMunayGas (KMG, Kazakhstan's national oil and gas company) and China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) have discussed prospects for cooperation in the field of geological exploration, TurkicWorld reports.
Negotiations on this topic took place between the Chairman of the Board of KMG, Askhat Khassenov, and Houliang Dai, Chairperson of CNPC.
The parties also reviewed the activities of joint production assets in the Mangystau and Kyzylorda regions and opportunities for further gas redistribution.
Taking into account the importance of the accelerated launch of gas projects in Kazakhstan, the parties are exploring opportunities for processing hydrocarbons from the Central Urikhtau field at the Zhanazhol oil and gas refining complex.
In addition, the parties spoke positively about the activities of the annual Kazakh-Chinese technical seminars on the exchange of technologies for the exploration and development of oil and gas fields.
Furthermore, Kazakhstan produced 90 million tons of oil in 2023, which is 6.9 percent higher than in 2022. Oil exports also increased and amounted to 70.5 million tons, which is 9.6 percent more than the previous year. Moreover, Kazakhstan plans to increase oil production in 2024 to 90.3 million tons.
In 2023, gas production in Kazakhstan amounted to 59.063 billion cubic meters, including large fields such as Tengiz (16.009 billion cubic meters), Karachaganak (22.385 billion cubic meters), Kashagan (11.856 billion cubic meters), and others (8.813 billion cubic meters). Kazakhstan is projected to produce 60.456 billion cubic meters of raw natural gas in 2024.
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 86
|
https://qazaqgaz.kz/en/novosti-kompanii/qazaqgaz-zhne-shevron-zhlibek-uchaskesinde-geologiyaly-barlau-zhmystaryn-zhrgizu-bojynsha-seriktestik-ornatandary-turaly-habarlady
|
en
|
АО «НК «QazaqGaz»
|
[
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/logo.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/logo-act.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content1-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content2-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content3-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content4-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content5-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content6-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/press-center-header-image.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/media/site/icons/share-icon.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/media/site/icons/print-icon.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/668/238/c0a/668238c0ac8fc969979683.jpg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/668/238/c0a/668238c0ac8fc969979683.jpg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/668/238/c07/668238c077a09894162896.jpg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/668/238/c0d/668238c0db2a0984193976.jpg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66b/c4f/039/66bc4f0395619235206925.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66c/33b/167/66c33b16701a2273731122.jpeg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66b/dcf/e36/66bdcfe36af15364650131.jpg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66b/9e2/752/66b9e2752c1db338145485.jpeg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66b/210/0f4/66b2100f48fbd816343973.jpg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66a/cd0/626/66acd06261410673207422.jpeg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66a/b27/ee9/66ab27ee9cdbe191370609.jpg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66a/36f/af2/66a36faf2ed86210547501.jpeg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66a/24c/b73/66a24cb73c751900513594.jpeg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66a/254/b14/66a254b14dcd7475405275.jpeg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/banners/banner-1.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/banners/banner-2.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/banners/banner-6.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/banners/banner-3.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/banners/banner-4.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/media/logo.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/banners/banner-5.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/logo2--white-1.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/footer-banners/img2.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/media/uploaded-files/qazaqgazlogotypenew.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/footer-banners/img4.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/footer-banners/img5.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/footer-banners/img6.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/footer-banners/img7.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/media/gallery/2.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content1-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content2-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content3-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content4-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content5-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content6-img.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"JSC NC «QazaqGaz»"
] | null |
"QazaqGaz" provides current information for the media and journalists, including company news, press releases, media resources and contact information for communication with company representatives.
|
en
| null |
NC JSC QazaqGaz (QazaqGaz) and Chevron Corporation (NYSE: CVX), through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc. (Chevron) have signed a cooperation agreement which will entail potential geological exploration at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe region, near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields.
Negotiations and technical preparations for this project have been ongoing for the past year. In the initial phase, Chevron will reprocess existing seismic data and develop technical interpretations. The respective parties view the signed agreement as a potential starting point for more extensive collaboration.
The agreement was signed by Derek Magness, Managing Director for Chevron’s Eurasia Business Unit, and Sanzhar Zharkeshov, Chairman of the Management Board of QazaqGaz. The signing ceremony was held with the participation of Chairman of the Board of JSC "Samruk-Kazyna" Nurlan Zhakupov.
"We are pleased to strengthen our cooperation with QazaqGaz through this important gas project. Our strategic partnership with Kazakhstan has spanned more than three decades, and this agreement creates new opportunities for potentially advancing Kazakhstan's energy sector. Chevron recognizes the importance of gas development and related potential opportunities within Kazakhstan's gas industry", said Derek Magness.
The project is being implemented with the support of “Samruk-Kazyna” JSC and Ministry of Energy.
"We look forward to working with Chevron to find possible new gas prospects. Further geological exploration and development of a potential gas condensate or oil and gas condensate field at the Zhalibek site is expected to enhance the commercial gas resource base and drive economic growth in the country. In line with the Head of State's directive to accelerate exploration projects in the gas sector, we are pleased to announce that Kazakhstan's gas industry potential is increasingly attracting international investors and multinational companies", said Sanzhar Zharkeshov.
|
||||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 69
|
https://timesca.com/four-new-gas-processing-plants-to-be-commissioned-in-kazakhstan/
|
en
|
Four New Gas Processing Plants to be Commissioned in Kazakhstan
|
[
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Hamburger-button-01.webp",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Icon.png",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Icon.png",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/new_timeca_TC_C.svg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/new_timeca_TC_C.svg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Hamburger-button-01.webp",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/new_timeca_TC_C.svg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/new_timeca_TC_C.svg",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b899763bd4ba8241d9ffc5baac1a67d2?s=32&d=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesca.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F12%2FNo-photo-author.png&r=g",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/photo_2024-07-18-16.04.26.jpeg",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7f513bb681e0adebea6f6925ea497cd5?s=64&d=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesca.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F12%2FNo-photo-author.png&r=g",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/iStock-458225919-1024x683.jpg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/photo_2024-08-08-15.40.50-1024x576.jpeg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/photo_2024-07-25-15.45.11-1024x683.jpeg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/photo_2024-07-24-16.13.05.jpeg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/pQLKutUGhqIMzWX6BTYF.jpg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/photo_2024-07-19-15.04.44-1024x576.jpeg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/photo_2024-07-17-13.31.13-1024x666.jpeg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/photo_2024-07-17-12.39.42-1024x576.jpeg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/TCA-bottom-piece.png",
"https://c.statcounter.com/13009764/0/06c658e8/1/",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Send-a-confidential-news-tip-1.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Times of Central Asia"
] |
2024-07-18T11:28:47+00:00
|
Four new gas processing plants will be gradually operated in Kazakhstan until 2030. According to the Ministry of Energy forecasts, the volume of marketable
|
en
|
The Times Of Central Asia
|
https://timesca.com/four-new-gas-processing-plants-to-be-commissioned-in-kazakhstan/
|
Four new gas processing plants will be gradually operated in Kazakhstan until 2030. According to the Ministry of Energy forecasts, the volume of marketable gas production in Kazakhstan will steadily grow from 22.5 billion cubic meters in 2023 to 36.6 billion cubic meters by 2030.
To attract investment in the exploration and development of new gas fields, QazaqGaz and Chevron signed an agreement on joint implementation of geological exploration works at the Zhalibek area in the Aktobe region. The Road Map aims to increase the resource base of marketable gas. In 2023, the Rozhkovskoye, Urikhtau Vostochny, and Anabai fields, which have total recoverable gas reserves of 35.5 billion cubic meters, were put into commercial operation.
Four gas processing plants are planned for commissioning from 2026 to 2030: two at the Kashagan field with annual capacities of 1 and 2.5 billion cubic meters (Qatari investor UCC Holding was involved), one at the Karachaganak field with a capacity of 4 billion cubic meters per year, and KazGPZ in Zhanaozen with a capacity of 900 mln cubic meters per year.
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 25
|
https://www.newscentralasia.net/2023/12/23/kazakhstan-commissions-major-gas-field-securing-domestic-energy-future/
|
en
|
Kazakhstan Commissions Major Gas Field, Securing Domestic Energy Future
|
[
"https://www.newscentralasia.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/twitter.jpg",
"https://www.newscentralasia.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/instagram.jpg",
"https://www.newscentralasia.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/telegram.jpg",
"https://www.newscentralasia.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/rozhk-1.jpg",
"https://www.newscentralasia.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/rozhk-2.jpg",
"https://www.newscentralasia.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/rozhk-3.jpg",
"https://www.newscentralasia.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/rozhk-6.jpg",
"https://www.newscentralasia.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Magtymguly-emblem-2024.jpg",
"https://www.newscentralasia.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Dashoguz-Balkan-electricity-line-1.jpg",
"https://www.newscentralasia.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/TESC-2024_main-page.jpg",
"https://www.newscentralasia.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/819-Central-Asian-southern-desert-David-Stanley.jpg",
"https://www.newscentralasia.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/nCa-Publications.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Admin"
] |
2023-12-23T00:00:00
|
Friday, 22 December 2023, marked the historic commissioning of the Rozhkovskoye gas condensate field, a giant in western part of Kazakhstan that promises to forge regional development and strengthen domestic energy security through its immense hydrocarbon reserves. The field is being developed by a joint venture, which includes KazMunaiGas (50%), the Hungarian company MOL Group […]
|
en
|
https://newscentralasia.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/favicon.ico
|
News Central Asia (nCa)
|
https://www.newscentralasia.net/2023/12/23/kazakhstan-commissions-major-gas-field-securing-domestic-energy-future/
|
Friday, 22 December 2023, marked the historic commissioning of the Rozhkovskoye gas condensate field, a giant in western part of Kazakhstan that promises to forge regional development and strengthen domestic energy security through its immense hydrocarbon reserves.
The field is being developed by a joint venture, which includes KazMunaiGas (50%), the Hungarian company MOL Group (27.5%) and the Chinese Sinopec (22.5%). To date, $534 million has been invested in the project.
The field is expected to produce 14.2 billion cubic meters of crude gas and 7.1 million tons of condensate until 2040.
At the maximum level, production will amount to about 1 billion cubic meters of gas and over 500,000 tons of condensate per year, more than 150,000 tons of liquefied petroleum gas per year. The produced commercial gas will feed the domestic market. (KazMunayGas, 22 Dec 2023)
Moreover, the Rozhkovskoye field will pump an additional 501 billion tenge ($1.09 billion) into Kazakhstan’s National Fund and boost local budget by 110 billion tenge ($240 million).
Demonstrating strong commitment to the region, the shareholders will direct 3.1 billion tenge $6.7 million and 1% of annual investments towards socio-economic development and local workforce training.
“Rozhkovskoye unlocks additional natural gas volumes. The raw materials produced at the field will be processed at the facilities of the Zhaikmunai company. The development is carried out in partnership with foreign partners, which has already allowed us to apply their experience in the preparation and implementation of the necessary design solutions,” Kazakhstan Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov said, speaking online at the field launch ceremony.
The gas condensate field was discovered in 2008.
Kazakhstan plans to increase gas production
Earlier, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev instructed the government to increase the commercial gas production to 30 billion cubic meters by 2030.
To implement these plans, new gas processing plants will be built at the Kashagan and Karachaganak fields, as well as in Zhanaozen.
The growing economy, needs of the population and industry expansion drive an increase in gas resources and its processing capacity.
At the ceremony, Smailov said that several more gas projects are expected to be launched in the medium term, including Urikhtau Tsentralny (Aktobe region), Zapadnaya Prorva (Atyrau region) and Kalamkas (Mangystau region).
These fields will add over 2 billion cubic meters per year.
“Together with international companies, 12 more promising exploration projects are being worked out, as well as projects for additional exploration of existing fields,” the Prime Minister stressed. ///nCa, 23 December 2023
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 27
|
https://iclg.com/practice-areas/oil-and-gas-laws-and-regulations/kazakhstan
|
en
|
Oil & Gas Laws and Regulations Report 2024 Kazakhstan
|
[
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/basket.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/mail.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/logo.png",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/search.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/user.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/alb.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/cdr.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/gli.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/iclg.svg",
"https://iclg.com/uploads/publications/images/small/Iz47BueUDoLRBHZ0NBcCgAOcGfwRMj6wBfWOYakm.png",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/social/mail-icon.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/linkedin-icon.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/twitter-icon.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/facebook-icon.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/iman_white.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/ibook_white.svg",
"https://iclg.com/uploads/contributors/eueQIT1n28jZIrzBCD3mhWtlTylPJjs234wtwxZL.png",
"https://iclg.com/uploads/contributors/T8bBpX2G5AOMdNsPKBA1eHv4fKd4vWTWN7wsr2Tp.png",
"https://iclg.com/uploads/contributors/f2IFOUjOxOunLFRhE5SQyNzzlj7edU2MfuxdE7cN.png",
"https://iclg.com/uploads/contributors/EcC9RjohseM4y8akFMEbKAkUSZo4HSLWEgvvcNa0.png",
"https://iclg.com/uploads/organisations/KRp9YKmyfiHNqwjiGO0vKmWbJmkPrW98eew383Ny.png",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/linkedin-icon-white.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/logo.png",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/linkedin-icon.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/twitter-icon.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/facebook-icon.svg",
"https://www.glgroup.co.uk/skin/images/glg2023/GLG-logo-full-primary-all-white-245px.png",
"https://ws.zoominfo.com/pixel/6NommDdv9yDemgFTfko4",
"https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=464386&fmt=gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Kurmangazy Talzhanov",
"Svetlana Shtopol",
"Chingis Yessupov",
"Tolkynay Shynazarova",
"Global Legal Group"
] |
2024-02-13T11:12:00
|
Oil & Gas Laws and Regulations covering issues in Kazakhstan of Overview of Natural Gas Sector, Overview of Oil Sector, Development of Oil and Natural Gas
|
en
|
https://iclg.com/theme/assets/favicon/iclg/favicon.ico?t=20230801
|
International Comparative Legal Guides International Business Reports
|
https://iclg.com/practice-areas/oil-and-gas-laws-and-regulations/kazakhstan
|
1. Overview of Natural Gas Sector
2. Overview of Oil Sector
3. Development of Oil and Natural Gas
4. Import / Export of Natural Gas (including LNG)
5. Import / Export of Oil
6. Transportation
7. Gas Transmission / Distribution
8. Natural Gas Trading
9. Liquefied Natural Gas
10. Downstream Oil
11. Competition
12. Foreign Investment and International Obligations
13. Dispute Resolution
14. Updates
Production Editor's Note
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 84
|
http://archives.mees.com/issues/79/articles/3000
|
en
|
KMG And CNPC To Build Intra-Kazakh Link To Central Asia Gas Pipeline
|
http://archives.mees.com/favicon.ico
|
http://archives.mees.com/favicon.ico
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/favicon.ico
| null |
Middle East Economic Survey
VOL. LIII
No 25
21-Jun-2010
CASPIAN
KMG And CNPC To Build Intra-Kazakh Link To Central Asia Gas Pipeline
Kazakh state firm KazMunaiGaz (KMG) and Chinas CNPC signed a number of energy agreements on 12 June during a visit to Astana by Chinas President Hu Jintao. The most important of these agreements, which include a feasibility study on the doubling of oil exports to 400,000 b/d through the Caspian-Xinjiang pipeline and a uranium supply pact, is for the construction of a...
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 7
|
https://iclg.com/practice-areas/oil-and-gas-laws-and-regulations/kazakhstan
|
en
|
Oil & Gas Laws and Regulations Report 2024 Kazakhstan
|
[
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/basket.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/mail.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/logo.png",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/search.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/user.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/alb.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/cdr.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/gli.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/iclg.svg",
"https://iclg.com/uploads/publications/images/small/Iz47BueUDoLRBHZ0NBcCgAOcGfwRMj6wBfWOYakm.png",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/social/mail-icon.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/linkedin-icon.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/twitter-icon.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/facebook-icon.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/iman_white.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/ibook_white.svg",
"https://iclg.com/uploads/contributors/eueQIT1n28jZIrzBCD3mhWtlTylPJjs234wtwxZL.png",
"https://iclg.com/uploads/contributors/T8bBpX2G5AOMdNsPKBA1eHv4fKd4vWTWN7wsr2Tp.png",
"https://iclg.com/uploads/contributors/f2IFOUjOxOunLFRhE5SQyNzzlj7edU2MfuxdE7cN.png",
"https://iclg.com/uploads/contributors/EcC9RjohseM4y8akFMEbKAkUSZo4HSLWEgvvcNa0.png",
"https://iclg.com/uploads/organisations/KRp9YKmyfiHNqwjiGO0vKmWbJmkPrW98eew383Ny.png",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/linkedin-icon-white.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/logo.png",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/linkedin-icon.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/twitter-icon.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/facebook-icon.svg",
"https://www.glgroup.co.uk/skin/images/glg2023/GLG-logo-full-primary-all-white-245px.png",
"https://ws.zoominfo.com/pixel/6NommDdv9yDemgFTfko4",
"https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=464386&fmt=gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Kurmangazy Talzhanov",
"Svetlana Shtopol",
"Chingis Yessupov",
"Tolkynay Shynazarova",
"Global Legal Group"
] |
2024-02-13T11:12:00
|
Oil & Gas Laws and Regulations covering issues in Kazakhstan of Overview of Natural Gas Sector, Overview of Oil Sector, Development of Oil and Natural Gas
|
en
|
https://iclg.com/theme/assets/favicon/iclg/favicon.ico?t=20230801
|
International Comparative Legal Guides International Business Reports
|
https://iclg.com/practice-areas/oil-and-gas-laws-and-regulations/kazakhstan
|
1. Overview of Natural Gas Sector
2. Overview of Oil Sector
3. Development of Oil and Natural Gas
4. Import / Export of Natural Gas (including LNG)
5. Import / Export of Oil
6. Transportation
7. Gas Transmission / Distribution
8. Natural Gas Trading
9. Liquefied Natural Gas
10. Downstream Oil
11. Competition
12. Foreign Investment and International Obligations
13. Dispute Resolution
14. Updates
Production Editor's Note
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 31
|
https://en.inform.kz/news/gas-production-increase-and-its-commercialization-in-spotlight-of-kmg-6f5917/
|
en
|
Gas production increase and its commercialization in spotlight of KMG
|
[
"https://en.inform.kz/static/img/plug.webp",
"https://en.inform.kz/static/img/plug-author.svg",
"https://en.inform.kz/static/img/enx.png",
"https://an.inform.kz/matomo.php?idsite=1&rec=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-02-29T14:38:00+00:00
|
Apart from active geological exploration and oil production stabilization, JSC KazMunayGas focuses on gas production increase and its commercialization. Chairman of the KMG Management Board Magzum Mirzagaliyev said it in an interview with the company’s press service, Kazinform News Agency reports.
|
en
|
/static/img/favicon16x16.svg
|
en.inform.kz
|
https://en.inform.kz/news/gas-production-increase-and-its-commercialization-in-spotlight-of-kmg-6f5917/
|
“KazMunayGas is actively working on exploration and launch of new [gas - edit] fields. We understand the importance of gas production for Kazakhstan. Gas consumption in the country increases at rapid paces due to active gasification and using gas for heating purposes by retail consumers,” Magzum Mirzagaliyev said.
According to him, the company set to elaborating its gas strategy, as per which gas production both from operating and exploration assets will be raised.
“At the moment, growth potential, according to our estimates, could amount to additional 6.7 billion cubic meters of gas per year by 2030, without consideration of large projects - Tengiz, Karachaganak and Kashagan,” he noted.
He reminded of the launch of three new gas fields last year – Rozhkovskoye in West Kazakhstan region, Aksai Yuzhny in Kyzylorda region, and Vostochnyi Urikhtau in Aktobe region.
In his words, the introduction of the Improved Model Contract significantly contributed to increasing the gas projects’ attractiveness.
Apart from the abovementioned projects, the Gas Strategy includes Central Urikhtau gas field with the production potential at 900 million cubic meters per year, Zapadnaya Prorva and Kalamkas fields with the annual capacity of 1.1 billion cubic meters.
Besides, KMG implements a number of exploration projects which may hugely raise the country’s natural gas output. They are Karaton Podsolevoy and Turgai Paleozoi fields, where exploration well drilling works will be carried out in 2024
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 89
|
https://qazaqgaz.kz/en/novosti-kompanii/qazaqgaz-zhne-shevron-zhlibek-uchaskesinde-geologiyaly-barlau-zhmystaryn-zhrgizu-bojynsha-seriktestik-ornatandary-turaly-habarlady
|
en
|
АО «НК «QazaqGaz»
|
[
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/logo.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/logo-act.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content1-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content2-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content3-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content4-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content5-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content6-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/press-center-header-image.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/media/site/icons/share-icon.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/media/site/icons/print-icon.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/668/238/c0a/668238c0ac8fc969979683.jpg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/668/238/c0a/668238c0ac8fc969979683.jpg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/668/238/c07/668238c077a09894162896.jpg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/668/238/c0d/668238c0db2a0984193976.jpg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66b/c4f/039/66bc4f0395619235206925.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66c/33b/167/66c33b16701a2273731122.jpeg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66b/dcf/e36/66bdcfe36af15364650131.jpg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66b/9e2/752/66b9e2752c1db338145485.jpeg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66b/210/0f4/66b2100f48fbd816343973.jpg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66a/cd0/626/66acd06261410673207422.jpeg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66a/b27/ee9/66ab27ee9cdbe191370609.jpg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66a/36f/af2/66a36faf2ed86210547501.jpeg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66a/24c/b73/66a24cb73c751900513594.jpeg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/uploads/public/66a/254/b14/66a254b14dcd7475405275.jpeg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/banners/banner-1.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/banners/banner-2.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/banners/banner-6.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/banners/banner-3.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/banners/banner-4.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/media/logo.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/banners/banner-5.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/logo2--white-1.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/footer-banners/img2.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/media/uploaded-files/qazaqgazlogotypenew.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/footer-banners/img4.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/footer-banners/img5.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/footer-banners/img6.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/footer-banners/img7.svg",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/storage/app/media/gallery/2.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content1-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content2-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content3-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content4-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content5-img.png",
"https://qazaqgaz.kz/themes/qgaz/assets/images/menu/menu-content6-img.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"JSC NC «QazaqGaz»"
] | null |
"QazaqGaz" provides current information for the media and journalists, including company news, press releases, media resources and contact information for communication with company representatives.
|
en
| null |
NC JSC QazaqGaz (QazaqGaz) and Chevron Corporation (NYSE: CVX), through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc. (Chevron) have signed a cooperation agreement which will entail potential geological exploration at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe region, near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields.
Negotiations and technical preparations for this project have been ongoing for the past year. In the initial phase, Chevron will reprocess existing seismic data and develop technical interpretations. The respective parties view the signed agreement as a potential starting point for more extensive collaboration.
The agreement was signed by Derek Magness, Managing Director for Chevron’s Eurasia Business Unit, and Sanzhar Zharkeshov, Chairman of the Management Board of QazaqGaz. The signing ceremony was held with the participation of Chairman of the Board of JSC "Samruk-Kazyna" Nurlan Zhakupov.
"We are pleased to strengthen our cooperation with QazaqGaz through this important gas project. Our strategic partnership with Kazakhstan has spanned more than three decades, and this agreement creates new opportunities for potentially advancing Kazakhstan's energy sector. Chevron recognizes the importance of gas development and related potential opportunities within Kazakhstan's gas industry", said Derek Magness.
The project is being implemented with the support of “Samruk-Kazyna” JSC and Ministry of Energy.
"We look forward to working with Chevron to find possible new gas prospects. Further geological exploration and development of a potential gas condensate or oil and gas condensate field at the Zhalibek site is expected to enhance the commercial gas resource base and drive economic growth in the country. In line with the Head of State's directive to accelerate exploration projects in the gas sector, we are pleased to announce that Kazakhstan's gas industry potential is increasingly attracting international investors and multinational companies", said Sanzhar Zharkeshov.
|
||||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 74
|
https://petrocouncil.kz/en/will-kazakhstan-become-regional-leader-in-gas-production-and-what-is-the-role-of-qazaqgaz/
|
en
|
Will Kazakhstan become regional leader in gas production? And what is the role of QazaqGaz?
|
[
"https://petrocouncil.kz/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/logo-petrocouncil.png",
"https://petrocouncil.kz/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/qazaqgaz_200722-1.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Daniyar"
] |
2023-10-16T13:04:44+05:00
|
Kazakhstan can and will become a regional leader in the gas industry. A gas boom is expected in the country according to the chairman of the national company QazaqGaz Sanzhar Zharkeshov. Kazakhstan does indeed possess large reserves of natural gas but declaring leadership in the region (in the presence of Russia and Turkmenistan which occupy
|
en
|
Petrocouncil.kz
|
https://petrocouncil.kz/en/will-kazakhstan-become-regional-leader-in-gas-production-and-what-is-the-role-of-qazaqgaz/
|
Kazakhstan can and will become a regional leader in the gas industry. A gas boom is expected in the country according to the chairman of the national company QazaqGaz Sanzhar Zharkeshov.
Kazakhstan does indeed possess large reserves of natural gas but declaring leadership in the region (in the presence of Russia and Turkmenistan which occupy first and fifth places in the world ranking for gas reserves) is perhaps a little reckless. Kazakhstan can significantly increase available raw and processed commercial gas resources, but it is necessary to invest in the exploration of gas fields, in the construction of gas processing plants (GPPs) as well as adopt a few legislative amendments to make investments profitable.
Question of price
Zharkeshov says that Kazakhstan is now in 15th place in the world in terms of gas reserves: proved and recoverable – 4 trillion cubic meters, forecasted – 62 trillion cubic meters.
“If we can convert these 62 trillion cubic meters in proven intelligence data, we will easily enter the top 10 countries. Yes, we have a lot of associated gas, and we know it. There are also potential fields that require additional exploration. In this regard, Kazakhstan can and will become a regional leader in the gas industry” says the chairman of QazaqGaz.
According to OPECб the top 5 countries in terms of proven gas reserves include Russia – 48 trillion cubic meters, Iran – 34 trillion, Qatar – 24 trillion, USA – 16.4 trillion and Turkmenistan – 14 trillion. In total, at the end of 2022, the volume of proven gas reserves in the world exceeded 210 trillion cubic meters.
Last year, Zharkeshov predicted that in 2023 there would be a gas shortage in Kazakhstan and called on the authorities to limit the new industrial consumers as well as to increase gas tariffs on the domestic market. He believed that last year, due to a lack of resources and rising consumption, gas exports would fall to 2 billion cubic meters. But sales abroad decreased to 4.6 billion cubic meters or by 36% compared to the previous year.
What has changed in a year? During this time, a new formula for determining the price of gas purchases from subsoil users was introduced in Kazakhstan. QazaqGaz, as a national gas operator has a priority right to purchase gas from operators. It almost completely owns the internal gas distribution network, export, and main gas pipelines. The price for the purchase of commercial gas from subsoil users was set by the government according to the formula: production cost + preparation costs + transportation costs to the point of sale to the national operator + profitability level of 10%. But operators consider this model to be insufficiently profitable to invest in the production and processing of associated gas. The authorities decided to meet their demand. Now the price will consist of 70% of the cost of export gas at the border of Kazakhstan and China and 30% of the maximum wholesale prices on the domestic market.
The Ministry of Energy expects that after the adoption of the new formula, the average price of gas in the country will increase by 2.5 times from approximately $50 to $120 per 1 thousand cubic meters. This should attract investment in exploration and development of gas fields.
In May, QazaqGaz already signed offtake contracts for the purchase of additional volumes of gas with 30 companies including CNPC-Aktobemunai, Kazgermunai, Kazakhoil Aktobe and Zhaiykmunai. The companies promised to increase gas production.
From July 1, 2023, the maximum wholesale prices for commercial gas were increased by an average of 15% by the order of the Ministry of Energy and the Ministry noted that the average retail price for commercial gas in Kazakhstan for the population is 22 tenge per 1 cubic meter and they will grow by 2.7 tenge. The cost of gas will increase annually for five years. Depending on the region the size of the increase will vary. For example, in Almaty this year the maximum price for 1 thousand cubic meters excluding VAT increased to 25.1 thousand tenge. During 2023-2028 it will grow annually by 12-15 percent and in five years will increase to 42.7 thousand tenge per 1 thousand cubic meters. During this period the wholesale cost of gas for Almaty residents will increase by more than 70%. In the Atyrau region the cost of gas will increase by 18.5% – from 9.6 thousand tenge to 11.4 thousand tenge per 1 thousand cubic meters over the same period. A separate, higher tariff has been approved for industrial consumers purchasing raw gas to produce compressed and (or) liquefied natural gas.
In addition, authorities introduced two new categories of consumers – large commercial companies and miners. They will be supplied at market price linked to the prices of gas exports to China.
E&P
Last year, Kazakhstan adopted a Comprehensive Gas Industry Development Plan for 2022-2026. It defines the main approaches to the gradual reform of the industry until 2030. The document proposes several initiatives that should help increase commercial gas resources. It is proposed to increase the production of raw and commercial gas primarily through explored areas such as Kalamkas-Sea, the Prorvinskaya group of fields and Urikhtau.
Several promising fields where additional exploration needs to be carried out include Aktoty, Ortalyk, Kairan, Lebyazhiy, Yuzhnoye Pridorozhnoye, Rakushechnoye, S. Nurzhanov, Yuzhny Urikhtau, Kalamkas-susha, Khvalynskoye and Imashevskoye. Their geological reserves are estimated at 950 billion cubic meters.
The volume of commercial gas production is also planned to increase through processing of associated gas. According to data from the State Commission on Reserves, out of 3.9 trillion cubic meters of recoverable gas reserves, 2.6 trillion are associated gas.
Gradually, associated gas is becoming a valuable resource. The authorities even propose to install raw gas meters to remotely monitor gas production.
Every year, about 50-55% of the produced raw gas is processed, the rest is reinjected back into the reservoir. In 2022, for example, a total of 53.3 billion cubic meters produced and only 27.8 billion cubic meters of commercial gas produced. More than 75% of production comes from Karachaganak, Kashagan and Tengiz fields. It would be logical to increase processing by reducing reinjection. But, according to the forecast of the comprehensive plan, in 2030 only 42.1 billion cubic meters will be processed into commercial gas (48%) out of 87 billion cubic meters of gas produced. The rest will be used for the subsoil user’s own needs or injected back into the reservoir. The production of commercial gas will even decrease.
The government has high hopes for Kashagan where a gas processing plant with a capacity of 1 billion cubic meters is already being built. It is expected that the plant will grow to at least 6 billion cubic meters. But the authorities are not sure what concept for further development the investors will choose.
The comprehensive plan contains a list of possible preferences that can be applied to gas projects to ensure profitability of at least 12%. Gas production projects are proposed to be exempt from property tax, mineral extraction tax, value added tax, export duties and income taxes. Similar benefits are offered to gas processing projects, plus zero duty on imports of equipment and reagents and the ability to fully export by-products (liquefied petroleum gas and condensate).
Profitable business
It is still unclear how Kazakhstan will be able to enter the top ten countries with the highest proven gas reserves. The proposed fields for development do not have large reserves. Sanzhar Zharkeshov’s statements about a “gas boom” are rather a PR move aimed at attracting investors to the industry. Large investments in gas production and processing are critical. The reference to Shell and CNPC whose experience will help provide a larger volume of gas for the market could indicates agreements with them on cooperation.
Industry sources indicate that the NCOC consortium was dissatisfied with QazaqGaz’s negotiations with CNPC on new gas processing plants based on Kashagan gas without notifying the consortium. Also, the management of NCOC is clearly dissatisfied with the current situation regarding the construction of a gas processing plant with a capacity of 1 billion m3 in the Atyrau region.
After the publication of Petrocouncil on the implementation of the gas processing plant project in the Atyrau region https://t.me/Petro_council/6921, Samruk-Kazyna in internal compliance report pointed out reputational and other risks due to the untransparent of changing the founder of the current general contractor. Industry experts express doubts about the project’s implementation on time.
Earlier, it became known that QazaqGaz offered CNPC to take part in the construction of the next Kashagan gas processing plant with a capacity of 4 billion cubic meters per year. The Chinese company is also considering the possibility of conducting joint geological exploration at the Zhalibek field with expected reserves of 200 billion cubic meters. The surface boundaries of the field close to Zhanazhol field owned by CNPC Aktobemunaigas.
The adopted amendments to purchase prices, an increase in maximum wholesale gas prices and the adoption of separate tariffs for large industrial consumers and miners should finally help QazaqGaz make a profit from sales in the domestic market or at least not lose it. Export earnings can be used to build processing plants.
In 2022, according to the operator’s report, revenues from gas sales amounted to 824.6 billion tenge, exports to China profited 483 billion tenge. The company supplied 18.4 billion cubic meters to the domestic market and to external market 4.3 billion cubic meters which make the export business profitable. The cost of gas was 338.2 billion tenge and natural gas production was 277.6 million cubic meters.
QazaqGaz managed to have a net profit (386.6 billion tenge) by the end of the year. This was achieved through revenues from gas exports. Despite a reduction in export volumes of more than a third, revenue from sales abroad increased by 11%, mainly due to rising prices.
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 21
|
https://astanatimes.com/2023/12/kazakh-government-approves-development-plan-of-major-oil-gas-petrochemical-projects/
|
en
|
Kazakh Government Approves Development Plan of Major Oil
|
[
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/67106500",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/uploads/worldnomadgames.jpeg",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/themes/astanatimes/build/images/layout/kazakhstan-news.png",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/c2c97c8881b454761b8484e580e4ee3e.jpeg",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/themes/astanatimes/build/images/layout/astana-kazakhstan-news.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Aruzhan Ualikhanova"
] |
2023-12-07T08:00:01+00:00
|
Kazakh Government Approves Development Plan of Major Oil-Gas, Petrochemical Projects
|
en
|
https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/themes/astanatimes/assets/images/icons/news-in-kazakhstan.ico
|
The Astana Times
|
https://astanatimes.com/2023/12/kazakh-government-approves-development-plan-of-major-oil-gas-petrochemical-projects/
|
ASTANA – Kazakh Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov signed a government decree approving a comprehensive plan for developing major oil and gas and petrochemical projects for 2023-2027, the Prime Minister’s press service reported.
The plan is aimed at meeting the needs of the domestic market. The document encompasses 20 projects in the oil and gas industry, oil and gas processing, and petrochemistry, with an expected investment volume of $37.3 billion. It implies large-scale works at the Tengiz, Karachaganak, and Kashagan fields, Kazakhstan’s three major oil and gas fields.
By 2027, the Kazakh government plans to increase oil production to 105.5 million tons and gas production to 82.1 billion tons.
The government envisaged implementing three projects to provide the internal market with petroleum products. The major one will increase the capacities of the Shymkent refinery from six to 12 million tons by 2029. As a result, the country will produce 18 million tons of petroleum products per year.
To ensure oil supplies to the Shymkent plant, the government will expand the capacities of Kenkiyak-Atyrau oil pipelines from six to 15 million tons per year and Kenkiyak-Kumkol oil pipelines from ten to 20 million tons per year.
Kazakhstan is also considering constructing the first integrated gas chemical complex to produce polyethylene with a capacity of 1.25 million tons. On top of that, the country plans to develop an infrastructure project for a gas separation complex with a processing capacity of 9.1 billion. The goal is to boost the production of petrochemical products, stimulate investment flows, and reveal the potential of the Tengiz field.
There are also seven exploration and field development projects with a total investment of nearly $10 billion, including the development and preparation for production at the Kalamkas-Sea and Khazar fields, the development of the Urikhtau gas condensate field, and the geological prospecting on Karaton-Podsolevoy field.
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 23
|
https://www.globalcapital.com/asia/article/28mxltriilqs8ilnwk4jk/emerging-market-loans/kazmunaigas-urikhtau-loan-will-not-close-before-year-end
|
en
|
KazMunaiGas’ Urikhtau loan will not close before year end
|
https://assets.euromoneydigital.com/dims4/default/a18862a/2147483647/strip/true/crop/227x119+0+15/resize/1200x630!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Feuromoney-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F41%2Fcf%2F2b87190970fd97e4524ecd82bdc9%2Falmaty-for-web.jpg
|
https://assets.euromoneydigital.com/dims4/default/a18862a/2147483647/strip/true/crop/227x119+0+15/resize/1200x630!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Feuromoney-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F41%2Fcf%2F2b87190970fd97e4524ecd82bdc9%2Falmaty-for-web.jpg
|
[
"https://assets.euromoneydigital.com/dims4/default/625e9dd/2147483647/strip/true/crop/5905x1097+0+0/resize/212x39!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Feuromoney-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F63%2F42%2F6fd6d21b446080ef8828c6ae1c3f%2Fglobalcapital-logo.png",
"https://assets.euromoneydigital.com/dims4/default/c53d6bf/2147483647/strip/true/crop/227x150+0+0/resize/840x555!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Feuromoney-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F41%2Fcf%2F2b87190970fd97e4524ecd82bdc9%2Falmaty-for-web.jpg",
"https://assets.euromoneydigital.com/dims4/default/7b82153/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3456x3456+576+0/resize/120x120!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Feuromoney-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F29%2Fd9%2F3d2c4ef041749698b83e9374a067%2Fercc4x.jpg",
"https://assets.euromoneydigital.com/dims4/default/4f6b01b/2147483647/strip/true/crop/4042x4042+823+0/resize/120x120!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Feuromoney-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F9b%2Fd5%2F0b9dbf7e4e28a3e67cec2a1aeb1b%2Fbfm7t2.jpg",
"https://assets.euromoneydigital.com/dims4/default/5f1a283/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3525x3525+871+0/resize/120x120!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Feuromoney-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F43%2F54%2Fb4fe6055400cb641efeca94a07c3%2Fah1bge.jpg",
"https://assets.euromoneydigital.com/dims4/default/fd48874/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3411x3411+854+0/resize/120x120!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Feuromoney-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F2c%2Fc3%2F420ec1364d4d849e58c1a002977a%2Fcw1p19.jpg",
"https://assets.euromoneydigital.com/dims4/default/1adef29/2147483647/strip/true/crop/3694x3694+703+0/resize/120x120!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Feuromoney-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F96%2F6c%2Ff75235ec4b0988243e83d3ad4a0a%2Fc38fh2.jpg",
"https://assets.euromoneydigital.com/dims4/default/47cd005/2147483647/strip/true/crop/1280x242+0+0/resize/264x50!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Feuromoney-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fd0%2Ffe%2F418b8d7a446b80f44757af0993eb%2Fmicrosoftteams-image-5.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Elly Whittaker"
] |
2014-12-18T13:00:00
|
KazMunaiGas is still arranging its $600m loan through operating subsidiary, Urikhtau. The deal will likely close early next year, said a banker on the deal. A banker away from the deal said the deal may be struggling.
|
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
|
GlobalCapital
|
https://www.globalcapital.com/asia/article/28mxltriilqs8ilnwk4jk/emerging-market-loans/kazmunaigas-urikhtau-loan-will-not-close-before-year-end
|
KazMunaiGas is still arranging its $600m loan through operating subsidiary, Urikhtau. The deal will likely close early next year, said a banker on the deal. A banker away from the deal said the deal may be struggling.
Unlock this article.
The content you are trying to view is exclusive to our subscribers.
To unlock this article:
Request a Free Trial or Login
EW
Elly Whittaker
As a premium subscriber, you can gift this article for free
https://www.demo.com/demo-article/
Link copied to clipboard
You have reached the limit for gifting for this month
There was an error processing the request. Please try again later.
You have 10 article gifts to share each month
|
||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 60
|
https://www.insightturkey.com/articles/kazakhstans-multi-vectorism-and-sino-russian-relations
|
en
|
Kazakhstan’s Multi-Vectorism and Sino-Russian Relations, Articles Ruoxi Du, Mariya Y. Omelicheva
|
[
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/46912515",
"https://www.insightturkey.com/articles/templates/insight/img/logo.png",
"https://www.insightturkey.com/articles/images/news/2018/11/14/rs-omelichevadu-1.jpg",
"https://www.insightturkey.com/images/news/2018/11/14/rs-omelichevadu-2.jpg",
"https://www.insightturkey.com/images/news/2018/11/14/rs-omelichevadu-3.jpg",
"https://www.insightturkey.com/articles/images/banner/it-oncalibro.jpg",
"https://www.insightturkey.com/articles/images/banner/3d-350x601.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Mariya Y. Omelicheva",
"Ruoxi Du"
] |
2018-11-14T14:55:24+03:00
|
Using the case of Sino-Russian competition over Central Asian energy and transportation networks, this study asks why Russia has refrained from...
|
en
|
https://www.insightturkey.com/templates/insight/img/favicon.ico
|
Insight Turkey
|
https://www.insightturkey.com/articles/kazakhstans-multi-vectorism-and-sino-russian-relations
|
Introduction1
Little-known to the outside world in the wake of the Soviet Union’s dissolution, Central Asia occupies a more prominent place in international affairs today. Its strategic importance in the geopolitical and energy calculi of Russia, China, and the United States, in addition to India, Turkey, Iran, and countries of Europe and Asia has grown in the recent decade. Among the five Central Asian republics, three have extensive oil and natural gas deposits. Kazakhstan’s Tengiz oil and gas field is the sixth largest oil field in the world. With over 170 oil fields, the country possesses nearly three percent of global oil reserves,2 and its proven gas reserves rank 15th in the world.3 In 2011, auditors from Gaffney, Cline & Associates estimated Turkmenistan’s gas reserves as second only to Russia’s proven natural gas reserves. The volume of Uzbekistan’s natural gas deposits is modest compared to the natural endowments of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. It nonetheless has an abundance of fossil fuels available for domestic consumption and export.
The growing presence of China, the world’s largest energy consumer, in the Central Asian energy sector has been disconcerting to Russia, whose political clout in the region has been largely contingent on its access to energy resources and exclusive control over energy transportation routes. Many analysts have predicted that the colliding interests of Russia and China in Central Asia would inevitably lead to a rupture in the relationship between the two great powers.4 Contrary to these grim predictions, Moscow and Beijing have been able to avoid political disputes. The dominant explanations for the placidity of Sino-Russian relations have given little heed to the role played by “secondary” states caught in the midst of the greater powers’ competition over power, resources, and influence. Yet history is replete with examples of these less-powerful states escalating great powers’ tensions and contributing to regional and global crises. The Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych’s refusal to sign an association agreement with the EU prompted mass protests in Ukraine that deposed the president but also provided a pretext for Russia’s eventual annexation of Crimea. The Georgia-Russia “gas and wine wars” pitted Moscow against Europe and the U.S. These and other examples demonstrate how “secondary” states’ foreign policy choices can have wider consequences and implications.5
By making tactical concessions to Moscow, while expanding its cooperation with Beijing, Kazakhstan has been able to deflate Russia’s fear of losing its relative power position in the region
This study illuminates the role of Kazakhstan’s multi-vector foreign policy in preempting the emergence of issues conducive to the rise of tensions in Sino-Russian relations. By making tactical concessions to Moscow, while expanding its cooperation with Beijing, Kazakhstan has been able to deflate Russia’s fear of losing its relative power position in the region. By leveraging big partners against each other, Astana has contributed to a balance of power in Central Asia where neither state has been able to have an upper hand in either the military-political or economic realm.
The article begins with an overview of the heightened competition over Central Asian energy resources followed by a brief discussion of explanations of cooperation between Moscow and Beijing. In the second part, we examine the concrete strategies employed by the Kazakh government to safeguard its independence and to mitigate tensions in relations between Russia and China by means of multi-vectorism.
Conditions for Sino-Russian Rivalry in Central Asia
Central Asia has always mattered to Moscow. In the 1990s, Russia’s economic, political, and military problems stymied the realization of the Kremlin’s goal of regaining influence in the former Soviet states. The global economic situation at the beginning of the 21st century was favorable to Russia’s Central Asian ambitions, while the post-9/11 context provided Moscow with a pretext for stepping up its involvements in the region’s security realm. During Vladimir Putin’s tenure as President and Prime Minister of Russia, Moscow significantly expanded its security and economic cooperation with the Central Asian states. Russia leveraged its access to Central Asian natural resources and control over energy transportation routes to promote its geopolitical and economic interests in the region.
From an economic standpoint, the resale of cheap Central Asian gas and oil to European customers, and the use of imported energy for government-subsidized domestic consumption, afforded Russia considerable direct benefits at a time of high world market prices for energy resources. The Russian monopoly over gas and oil transportation routes provided the Kremlin with a powerful bargaining chip in negotiations for lower import prices on Central Asian gas and oil.6 From a geopolitical perspective, exerting control over Central Asian energy resources became a viable strategy for reasserting Russian influence not only over the Central Asian republics, but also Ukraine and Georgia by means of rerouting cheap natural gas to these energy-dependent republics trying to escape Moscow’s orbit of influence. The domination of Central Asian energy exports also awarded the Russian government significant leverage vis-à-vis member-states of the European Union dependent on Russia’s energy supplies.
Russia’s monopolistic aspiration in the Central Asian energy sector has been challenged by China’s rapidly growing energy demands.7 While the bulk of China’s oil imports originate in the Middle East, Central Asian energy resources have become increasingly attractive to the Chinese government due to the ongoing political instability in the Persian Gulf region and the remoteness of the Middle East petroleum wells. Beijing has invested heavily in oil and gas field development in Central Asia, as well as in constructing or renovating the pipelines’ infrastructure to meet its demand for energy resources. Simultaneously with China’s growing presence in the Central Asian fossil fuels market, Chinese state enterprises have made inroads into various economic and industrial sectors of the Central Asian states. By 2007, China had surpassed Russia as the major trade partner in Central Asia with Astana becoming Beijing’s largest trading partner in the region.8 The 2008 global financial crisis further undermined Russia’s dominant position in the Central Asian energy sector. The diversification of energy networks allowed the Central Asian governments to strengthen their bargaining position vis-à-vis Moscow, which had been forced to pay near market price for Central Asian gas and oil.
Most of the analyses of Russian foreign policy consider it as an exemplar of realpolitik behavior explainable by the tenets of political realism.9 Realists of all genres characterize international politics in zero-sum terms and emphasize the enduring propensity for conflict among states vying for power and domination.10 The extent to which a state engages in power politics depends on its relative power position. In other words, a state’s foreign policy is ultimately driven by shifts in the distribution of power within an international system. In Central Asia, China’s rise has resulted in changes in Russia’s relative power position in the region. Given the centrality of energy politics to Russia’s international and regional standing, China, which has broken Russia’s monopoly on the transportation networks and eroded its share of the Central Asian energy market, represents a geopolitical rival to Moscow in the region.11 Subsequently, Russia and China have long been expected to experience increased tension in their bilateral relations.12 Why hasn’t Russia resorted to the familiar power politics consistent with realpolitik in its relations with Beijing?
Russia and China’s shared interests in maintaining a broader strategic partnership have been frequently noted as a mitigating factor to their conflicting aspirations. Signed into the 2001 Sino-Russia Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation, the strategic partnership between Moscow and Beijing was fueled by fears of NATO’s eastward expansion. The Sino-Russian cooperation was cemented by shared apprehension and dismay over Western meddling in the domestic politics of sovereign states in the wake of the “color” revolutions in Georgia (2003), Ukraine (2004-2005), and Kyrgyzstan (2005). Today, Russia and China continue challenging the U.S.-led liberal international order by establishing and promulgating their own rules for managing international relations and global security.
The lack of attention to the Chinese vector in Russian foreign policy has also been accounted for by the peculiarities of Russia’s geopolitical thinking and reasons of national identity that led Moscow to construe the West, especially the U.S., as its primary Other
The lack of attention to the Chinese vector in Russian foreign policy has also been accounted for by the peculiarities of Russia’s geopolitical thinking and reasons of national identity that led Moscow to construe the West, especially the U.S., as its primary Other.13 In addition, both Russia and China share common concerns about regional security, cross-border stability, and the inviolability of regimes, including authoritarian ones.14 The regional multilateral institutions, particularly the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), have been noted for their ability to provide forums for facilitating regional cooperation, particularly in counteracting the “three evil forces” of terrorism, extremism, and separatism.15
Critics of these explanations point out that a full-fledged alliance between Russia and China against the U.S. is out of the question as China, in particular, has strong disincentives for breaking its ties with the U.S. The Russian leadership has lingering fears of Chinese hegemony and a degree of distrust for the Chinese. The Russian political discourse has long tried to project the image of Russia as a Western and European nation, and many in the Russian political establishment question the suitability of Russia’s strategic partnership with China to Moscow’s national interests.16 The two countries have ongoing disagreements over the military vs. economic emphasis in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The Chinese leadership has also expressed disappointment with the Kremlin’s strengthening of its military ties with India, which has unresolved long-standing border issues, growing economic concerns, and lingering suspicions of China that resulted in the militarization of the shared border regions in both states.
To these critiques of the dominant explanations of Sino-Russian relations, we add their neglect of the role played by the Central Asian republics themselves. The latter has been deemed to have little autonomy in international relations except as the allies of great power states. Functioning in the shadow of the larger states, these “secondary” countries have been expected to comply with the great powers’ interests (i.e., “bandwagon”), ally with other states in an attempt to counterbalance the power of a preponderant state,17 or “hedge” by cultivating a middle position that forestalls or avoids having to choose one side at the expense of another.18
Contrary to this prevailing understanding, we argue that the Central Asian republics have grown the capacity to develop and employ strategies which have allowed them to overcome many of the handicaps of their lesser power status. One of these strategies is that of multi-vectorism. This refers to a type of foreign policy based on the principles of pragmatism, rejection of permanent alliances with any other nation, and a non-preferential and non-ideological basis of foreign relations.19 Multi-vectorism is different from both balancing and bandwagoning. It includes an ever-increasing range of approaches designed to increase a smaller state’s bargaining power in relations with greater powers by means of tactical maneuvering. In that, it resembles a “hedging” strategy, but is not limited to it since “wedging” tactics may be employed as part of the smaller state’s mutli-vector foreign policy strategy.20
In the following section, we demonstrate how several tactics utilized by Kazakhstan as part of its multi-vector foreign policy approach –in particular, the strategies of inclusion, tactical concessions, and diplomatic persuasion– have helped Astana maintain the perception of a strategic and geopolitical balance among the power players in Central Asia. These tactics have assisted Kazakhstan in enhancing its bargaining power in relations with Moscow and attaining greater autonomy in its foreign policy actions toward other states as well.
Kazakhstan’s Multi-Vector Strategies
The multi-vector approach to foreign policy has been the cornerstone of Kazakhstan’s foreign relations since its independence. Announced by Kazakhstan’s president Nursultan Nazarbayev in 1992 as part of the republic’s first foreign policy concept, it was designed with an explicit purpose of enabling the government of the newly independent state to pursue cooperative and non-ideological relations with other states in all directions of Kazakhstan’s foreign policy.21 Establishing relations with regional and global partners was imperative for Kazakhstan’s development. Its landlocked position and extensive borders with Russia and China imposed significant geopolitical constraints on Kazakhstan that were reinforced by its economic dependence on exports of natural resources, particularly oil and gas. By some estimates, energy exports account for nearly 70 percent of Kazakhstan’s total exports and constitute about 40 percent of government revenue.22 European consumers import around three-quarters of Kazakhstan’s crude oil, but delivering energy to the European partners ultimately depends on pipeline routes controlled by Russia. Thus, the Kazakh government has sought to offset Russia’s influence through the diversification of political and economic ties with other power centers in the region, including China, the U.S. and the European states. Under these conditions, Kazakhstan has engaged in what some have termed “opportunistic multi-alignment,” in which it simultaneously pursues “positive relations and advantages via-a-vis greater powers” and plays greater powers against each other.23
Astana’s strategy of inclusion has been used to ensure that no single country could attain exclusive rights to Kazakhstan’s energy sector
Consistent with its multi-vector principles, Kazakhstan has established cooperative and beneficial relations with Russia, China, the U.S., European countries, and other states with existing or potential bearing on the economic and political relations of the republic. In the economic and energy sector, for example, Kazakhstan has supported Moscow’s efforts at economic integration in the post-Soviet space and granted Russian companies control over the majority of Kazakhstan’s oil exports and a substantial share in the development of oil and gas fields.24 In 2014, Astana joined the Eurasian Economic Union along with Russia, Belarus, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan. Kazakhstan has also been central to Beijing’s economic initiatives in Central Asia. In late 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping unveiled his “One Belt, One Road” strategy. Encompassing the land-based Silk Road Economic Belt and the Maritime Silk Road, the strategy pursues greater connectivity and cooperation between China and Central Asia through economic and transportation integration as well as cultural exchange.25 The Khorgos Gateway, a dry port connecting Kazakhstan to China by rail, has placed Astana at the center of Beijing’s initiative to construct the Europe-China rail link.
The framework of multi-vectorism has also been applied in Kazakhstan’s security relations. The republic has maintained strong defense ties with Moscow and has been a key player in the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) spearheaded by the Kremlin. Astana provides important military facilities for Moscow, leasing more than 11 million hectares of the republic’s land for this aim, and partakes systematically in joint military exercises and training with other CSTO members. In 2010, the Kazakh government agreed to the establishment of the Collective Rapid Reaction Force (CRRF) of the CSTO advocated by Russia. Parallel to defense and military cooperation with Russia, Kazakhstan has intensified its cooperation with the U.S./NATO and Beijing. Using the framework of the Partnership for Peace program as the basis for cooperation with NATO, Kazakhstan has participated in numerous joint military events, exercises, and forums with NATO, and education and military training with the U.S.26 It is the only Central Asian republic whose peacekeeping battalion (KAZBAT) achieved an interoperability status with NATO’s peacekeeping force in 2008. Kazakhstan has also pursued military cooperation with China through the framework of the SCO. In December 2012, Kazakhstan and China agreed to enhance military-to-military cooperation in order to “deepen military ties.”27
The government of Kazakhstan has skillfully employed diplomatic tools and persuasion to reduce the Kremlin’s concerns over the loss of its footing in Central Asia
How has Astana’s multi-vector foreign policy strategy contributed to the mitigation of great power competition? To avoid antagonizing Kazakhstan’s larger neighbors, particularly Russia, while simultaneously pursuing its own national aims, the government of Kazakhstan has relied on the following tactics. First, the strategy of inclusion has always been a part of its multi-vector foreign policy, especially in the energy sector. The Kazakh government invited companies from Russia, China, and other interested countries to important tenders for energy development contracts, but it also capitalized on the temporary absence or weakness of one partner for developing economic and political ties with others states. For example, in the early 1990s, Russia almost completely disengaged from Central Asia, opting to forge a partnership with the West. The resulting vacuum of power and resources provided both an imperative and an opportunity for the Kazakh government to seek and establish foreign relations with other partners. During this time, Kazakhstan was able to secure Washington’s financial assistance and political backing for procuring financial aid from other Western countries and international financial institutions, which were indispensable to keeping the shattered Kazakh economy afloat.28 The established cooperative relations with the U.S. were later used as leverage in Kazakhstan’s difficult relations with Russia. During that time, Kazakhstan sustained its economic and military ties with the Russian state and invited its companies to participate in the energy tenders. In 1997, for example, the Kazakh government held an auction for developing the Aktobe oil field. The state-owned Chinese National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) made the best offer and won the tender for Aktobe, but other companies from Russia and China were also invited to take part in the bid.29 All in all, Astana’s strategy of inclusion has been used to ensure that no single country could attain exclusive rights to Kazakhstan’s energy sector. This strategy has helped to alleviate Russia’s fears of deception and cheating on what Moscow deemed as its own legitimate interests in the region since it effectively prevented other states from gaining a relative advantage in the republic’s energy sector.30
Chinese Vice Premier Gaoli (R) and Russia’s Deputy PM Dvorkovich (L) attend a signing ceremony after the annual meeting of the China-Russia Energy Cooperation Committee on September 20, 2017 in Beijing, China.SONG JIHE / CHINA NEWS SERVICE / Getty Images
Two other strategies that allowed Kazakhstan to keep the great powers’ tensions at bay and pursue its independent foreign policy goals have been tactical concessions to its partners to deflate their fears of losing their relative power position in the region and leveraging big partners against each other as a means of circumventing the dominance of either one of them. Kazakhstan’s maneuvering in the dispute over the demarcation of the Caspian Sea exemplifies the skillful application of tactical concessions and leveraging by its government. Although Astana preferred to see the Caspian Sea divided into several national sectors with each littoral state exercising exclusive authority over its sea segment, it informally conceded to Russia’s demands for establishing joint control of all littoral states over the Caspian Sea. This was done to conciliate Moscow, and thereby ensure an uninterrupted inflow of foreign direct investment into Kazakhstan’s oil and gas sectors. Later, the Kazakh government reverted to its favored position, having secured support from Western oil companies which began drilling in the Kazakhstan sector of the Caspian Sea. Pressure from Western companies interested in having the Caspian basin divided into national economic zones compelled the Russian government to backtrack on its initial position.31 In the end, an agreement reached in Aktau, Kazakhstan, in August 2018, between the five countries with shorelines on the Caspian Sea, reflects a compromise that treats the surface as international water and divides the seabed into territorial zones. An added stipulation that bans any country without Caspian shoreline from deploying military vessels in the sea has been perceived as a major victory for Moscow.32
The distribution of oil contracts for the Tengiz oil field, the largest proven onshore field in the post-Soviet territory, also exemplifies the use of tactical concessions by Kazakhstan. Following the creation of Tengizchevroil, a joint venture between the Kazakh government and American Chevron, which received the first oil contract for the Tengiz onshore field, Russia began obstructing the transfer of Tengiz oil through its Atyrau-Samara pipeline under the pretext of finding sulphur compounds in Kazakh oil. The Russian restrictions almost forced Chevron to drop out of the contract. The situation improved once the Kazakh government agreed to sell half of its share in the Tengizchevroil project to the Russian oil firm Lukoil. To avoid similar problems on another oil and gas project in Karachaganak, the Kazakh authorities invited Russia’s Lukoil into the Karachaganak project in 1995.33
Kazakhstan’s multi-vectorism reveals the ability of a less powerful state to engage with and moderate relations among dominant actors with competing interests
In other energy projects, including those signed with Chinese firms, the Kazakh government made sure to keep significant stakes in the joint ventures to guarantee state control over the petroleum resources and maintain some ‘wiggle room’ to maneuver for accommodating competitors’ interests and averting their reprisals to Kazakhstan’s foreign policy choices.34 For instance, in 2005, when the CNPC was finalizing the purchase of PetroKazakhstan, the government of President Nazarbayev managed to take into its possession a third of PetroKazakhstan’s shares through the state-owned firm, KazMunayGas, which also serves as a regulator of the gas and oil industry in the republic.35 To assuage Russia’s concerns over China’s accession to Kazakhstan’s oil sector, the Kazakh government relied on its administrative control over the Kazakh court system to allow Russia’s Lukoil to acquire a controlling share in Turgai Petroleum, a subsidiary of PetroKazakhstan, in addition to awarding the Russian company with a lump sum of money in settlements over sharing Turgai Petroleum’s oil revenues.36 The case of Turgai Petroleum, which is jointly owned by Chinese and Kazakhstani state-owned companies (50 percent) and a Russian state-owned firm (50 percent), is exemplary, in that it demonstrates Kazakhstan’s ability to mitigate conflicting interests between great powers while simultaneously attaining its own domestic and foreign policy aims. As a result of these concessions, Russia was able to develop a robust position in Kazakhstan’s fuel and energy sector. Russia’s Lukoil operates seven projects in Kazakhstan and has shares in the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC). Two other Russian companies –Rosneft and Transneft– transport Kazakh oil through the Atasu-Alashankou and Atyrau-Samara pipelines. Russia’s Gazprom has a 50 percent stake in LLP KazRosGas established to consolidate efforts across a number of energy projects.37
Finally, the government of Kazakhstan has skillfully employed diplomatic tools and persuasion to reduce the Kremlin’s concerns over the loss of its footing in Central Asia. The Kazakh authorities have regularly assured the Russian government that Russian energy firms would be able to take part in multinational ventures operating in Kazakhstan.38 The Nazarbayev government has been careful to avoid antagonizing the Kremlin over Kazakhstan’s dealings with other states. In their public statements, Kazakh officials emphasize the positive dimensions in the mixture of cooperative-competitive interests characterizing Kazakhstan-Russia relations.39 For instance, the CPC pipeline, in which Russia holds a controlling 24 percent stake, has been presented as a model of cooperation between Kazakhstan and Russia. The expansion of the CPC pipeline formalized in 2011 has been portrayed as a sign of commitment to growing the commercial ties between these two countries and a symbol of confidence shared by these states in the long-term cooperation over oil transportation from Caspian Sea oil fields.40 With its increasing crude oil production, Kazakhstan has also been promoting pipeline expansion projects simultaneously with different parties –deals were signed to expand CPC and Kazakhstan-China oil pipelines respectively in January and April 2013.41
Another example of Kazakhstan’s diplomacy in the energy sector may be seen in the back-to-back visits of president Nazarbayev to China and Russia in 2011. Kazakhstan’s leader first paid a three-day state visit to China, where he met with Chinese president Hu Jintao, and the two sides signed a number of agreements in the spheres of energy, industrial financing, and transport.42 This visit also secured CNPC’s right to tap the Urikhtau gas field in western Kazakhstan.43 Several days later, the Kazakh president traveled to Moscow, where he held talks with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and vowed to boost strategic bilateral cooperation between Russia and Kazakhstan.44 In particular, Nazarbayev claimed that nearly all the oil produced in Kazakhstan would be transited through Russia.45 Both Russia and China understand that Nazarbayev’s words should be treated primarily as diplomatic rhetoric rather than solid promises. However, it is clear that his skillful discourse and activities have been effective in sustaining non-antagonistic relations with Kazakhstan’s great power neighbors on its northern and eastern borders.
Conclusion
We began this study by highlighting a puzzle in Sino-Russian relations in the energy sector in Central Asia. We asked why, despite its competing interests with China, Russia has been able to avoid political disputes with Beijing. While acknowledging the importance of the global great power dynamics and the presence of mutual interests that reinforce strategic cooperation between Moscow and Beijing, this study showed how the multi-vector foreign policy of Kazakhstan has contributed to mitigating potential conflict in Sino-Russian relations. Kazakhstan’s tactical concessions, strategies of inclusion, and diplomatic persuasion have allowed it to sustain a perception of balance in the relative power capabilities of dominant powers in Central Asia and foster a sense of legitimacy and acceptance of changes in the regional order. Kazakhstan’s multi-vectorism reveals the ability of a less powerful state to engage with and moderate relations among dominant actors with competing interests. Russia’s foreign policy toward Kazakhstan has changed as well. Its influence has become more conciliatory than forceful and increasingly reliant on soft power tools, rather than threats or neglect of Kazakhstan’s interests.46
Presidents of China, Kazakhstan and Russia pose for a group photo after a meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation Heads of State Council on June 9, 2017. MIKHAIL METZEL / Getty Images
Kazakhstan’s multi-vectorism has been gauged as largely successful. Astana has skillfully navigated relations with Russia and developed burgeoning ties with Beijing. It has remained the most reliable partner of the U.S. and an acclaimed partner of the countries in Europe. The Nazarbayev government has managed to sustain its multi-vector foreign policy orientation in the wake of the heightened political competition in the region unfolding against the backdrop of the divergent integration projects sponsored by the major players in Central Asia. Russia has been pushing for the Moscow-led integration, especially in the economic domain, through the Eurasian Economic Union, which was established in May 2013 and is comprised of Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, and Armenia. Beijing has been advancing its China-centric Silk Road Economic Belt project. Washington has not renounced its New Silk Road Initiative announced by the Obama Administration in 2011.
Kazakhstan has not been alone in its pursuit of balanced relationships with the major regional and global powers without discrimination or special privileges conferred on any of them. Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Kyrgyzstan, among several other post-Soviet states, have proclaimed that multi-vectorism would serve as the guiding principle in their foreign policy conduct. No other state, however, has succeeded to date in the practical realization of the principle of multi-vectorism.
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Kyrgyzstan, among several other post-Soviet states, have proclaimed that multi-vectorism would serve as the guiding principle in their foreign policy conduct
The success of Kazakhstan’s multi-vector approach is certainly attributable to its ownership of valuable natural resources in high demand by other states. The overlapping energy dependences and interests of Kazakhstan, on one side, and Russia, China, and certain European countries, on the other, awarded the Nazarbayev government with an important trump in its relations with the regional and global powers that could be used for extracting concessions and spurring collaboration in the energy sector, as well as other areas of foreign relations. Furthermore, Kazakhstan’s strategic location as a gateway between Europe and Asia has been conducive to playing a balancing act between Russia and China. This unique intercontinental position has shaped Kazakhstan’s image as a “transcontinental economic bridge” between the West and the East and its identity as a Eurasian nation that, in turn, has helped to cement the state’s doctrine of multi-vector foreign policy.47
Kazakhstan’s energy resources awarded the Kazakh government with both capabilities and leverage in foreign relations, but it is the skillful diplomacy, personal ambitions and character of Kazakhstan’s longstanding president, and the health and robustness of state power institutions that put these capabilities to service of Kazakhstan’s interests and needs. The aptitude of the Kazakh government in navigating the overlapping and often conflicting interests of many global actors with considerable tact and skill has been an important factor in Kazakhstan’s achievements not only in its foreign policy, but also in fostering economic dynamism, opening capital markets, and encouraging the regional integration that has made this republic attractive as an economic partner.
Endnotes
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 19
|
https://globuc.com/news/jsc-kazmunaygas-update/
|
en
|
JSC NC KazMunayGas 2023 trading update
|
[
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/DCA_ENG2024_01_400_400.png",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/224d2c724a2975bf4b54a54cc8f83483.png",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/224d2c724a2975bf4b54a54cc8f83483.png",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_Kazakhstans-KazMunayGas-Chinese-energy-giants-push-forward-with-strategic-projects2024_08_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_Kazakhstans-KazMunayGas-Chinese-energy-giants-push-forward-with-strategic-projects2024_08_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-plans-to-use-the-_utilizing-gas-fractions_-of-Kashagan2024_08_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-plans-to-use-the-_utilizing-gas-fractions_-of-Kashagan2024_08_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-and-French-Air-Liquide-discuss-progress-of-hydrogen-project-at-Pavlodar-Oil-Chemistry-Refinery2024_08_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-and-French-Air-Liquide-discuss-progress-of-hydrogen-project-at-Pavlodar-Oil-Chemistry-Refinery2024_08_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-and-French-Air-Liquide-discuss-progress-of-hydrogen-project-at-Pavlodar-Oil-Chemistry-Refinery2024_08_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-and-French-Air-Liquide-discuss-progress-of-hydrogen-project-at-Pavlodar-Oil-Chemistry-Refinery2024_08_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-CITIC-Group-discuss-project-to-expand-capacity-of-Aktau-bitumen-plant-012024_07_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-CITIC-Group-discuss-project-to-expand-capacity-of-Aktau-bitumen-plant-012024_07_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-and-Chevron-discuss-renewable-energy-and-gas-processing-plant-developments-at-Tengiz-field2024_06_326_194.jpg",
"https://globuc.com/wp-content/uploads/thumbs/crop_KazMunayGas-and-Chevron-discuss-renewable-energy-and-gas-processing-plant-developments-at-Tengiz-field2024_06_326_194.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-02-29T10:03:51+00:00
|
KazMunaiGas shows its operating results for the entire past year.
|
en
|
/wp-content/themes/globuc/favion.png
|
Globuc
|
https://globuc.com/news/jsc-kazmunaygas-update/
|
Joint-stock (JSC) National Company (NC) KazMunayGas (“KMG” or “Company”), Kazakhstan's national oil and gas company, announces its operating full year results for 2023.
Source: KazMunayGas
The company successfully continues its strategic course and achieves planned goals, the implementation of which is in the interests of all KMG stakeholders, including shareholders and investors, employees and partners, regions of operations and the country as a whole.
Magzum Mirzagaliyev, Chairman of the Management Board of KMG
As part of the initiative to increase gas production at operating and exploration assets, we managed to launch three new fields in the reporting year. In May, we launched the Aksai Yuzhny field, in early December the Vostochny Urikhtau field, and completed 2023 with the commissioning of the Rozhkovskoye field.
At the end of November 2023, the deal to acquire a 60% stake from the French TotalEnergies in the Dunga oil and gas field, located in the Mangistau region, was completed. Oil production at the field for the reporting year amounted to 547 thous. tonnes, of which KMG’s share since entering the project is 40 thous. tonnes.
As part of the development of the trans-Caspian international transport route, we have started transporting oil towards Baku and further to the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, through which about 1 mln tonnes were shipped in 2023. Also, as part of the diversification of routes, we began transporting oil through the Atyrau-Samara oil pipeline and further through Transneft pipelines in the direction of Germany. At the end of 2023, we supplied about 1 mln tonnes of oil to Germany.
A significant event in January of the reporting year was the creation of a joint venture with partners from the United Arab Emirates, the Abu Dhabi Ports company, and the acquisition of two tankers Taraz and Liwa with a deadweight of 8 thous. tonnes. They are already involved in transporting Kazakh oil in the Caspian Sea.
Also, among the strategic goals, the Company systematically implements the planned tasks in the field of sustainable development, including its low-carbon development programme. For example, we are completing a feasibility study on the Mirny wind farm project with a capacity of 1 GW with Total Eren. Tender procedures for the selection of a contractor for the construction of facilities are planned for the hybrid power plant with Eni this year.
Highlights for 2023 compared to 2022:
KMG's proven and probable hydrocarbon reserves (2P) increased by 3.7% and amounted to 733 mln tonnes of oil equivalent;
Oil and gas condensate production increased by 6.9% and amounted to 23,532 thous. tonnes;
Oil transportation volumes increased by 7.6% and amounted to 80,359 thous. tonnes;
Hydrocarbons refining volumes at the Kazakh and Romanian refineries amounted to 19,593 thous. tonnes compared to 19,900 thous. tonnes.
Hydrocarbon reserves
According to reserves report prepared in compliance with international PRMS standards by the international independent firm DeGolyer&MacNaughton, KMG’s proved plus probable hydrocarbon reserves (2P) amounted to 733 mln tonnes of oil equivalent (5,680 mln boe) as of 31 December 2023. Compared to 2022, the level of 2P reserves increased by 3.7%. The growth in indicators was due to the actual measures taken to increase the volume of geological and technical measures, drilling wells and changing development plans aimed at replenishing production at operating assets, as well as clarifying the development plans at Kashagan and Karachaganak fields.
Net reserves under PRMS as of 31 December 2023
Upstream
Oil and gas condensate production volume for 2023 amounted to 23,532 thous. tonnes (486 kbopd) representing an increase of 6.9%. Production volume of associated and natural gas raised by 14.8% to 9,460 mln m³.
1 KMG’s share in the project increased to 16.88% after 15 September 2022
Oil production at Tengiz decreased by 1.0% and amounted to 5,779 thous. tonnes (126 kbopd). The decrease in production was due to the suspension of oil intake from the CPC oil intake system during scheduled maintenance of the oil pipeline and shutdowns of the marine terminal due to adverse weather conditions in the fourth quarter of 2023. Associated gas production decreased by 0.9%, and amounted to 3,202 mln m3.
Oil production at Kashagan for the share of KMG amounted to 3,108 thous. tonnes (68 kbopd), showing an increase of 121.8%, gas production amounted to 1,963 mln m3, an increase of 123.8%. The increase in production was mainly due to an increase in KMG's share in the project from 8.44% to 16.88% as a result of the completion of the transaction for the repurchase of a 50% stake in KMG Kashagan BV from Samruk-Kazyna in September 2022, as well as due to the shutdown of production in the summer of 2022 and capital and restoration work repairs of marine and land complexes.
Oil and condensate production at Karachaganak increased by 7.1% and amounted to 1,086 thous. tonnes (23 kbopd). Gas production increased by 15.1% and amounted to 2,239 mln m3. The increase in the possibility of receiving sour gas from the Orenburg Gas Processing Plant led to an increase in oil and condensate production.
The volume of oil and condensate production at operating assets decreased by 1.5% to 13,559 thous. tonnes (269 kbopd). Emergency power outages and capacity limitations by the Mangystau Nuclear Power Plant (MAEK) from July to September of the reporting year significantly affected the decline in production at the Ozenmunaigas fields and a number of other fields. Also, a decrease in production was observed in mature fields as a result of a natural drop in production. At the same time, the decline was partially offset by an increase in oil production at Embamunaigas, where successful geological and technical measures were carried out at mature fields and the Eastern Wing of the S. Nurzhanov field and the UAZ Severnoye were put into development.
In November 2023, the acquisition of KMG from TotalEnergies EP Danmark A/S (a subsidiary of TotalEnergies S.E.) of 100% of shares in the authorized capital of Total E&P Dunga GmbH, which owns the right of subsurface use in the Dunga project, was completed. Thus, KMG's share in the Dunga subsoil use project became 60%. The Dunga oil and gas field is located in the Tupkaragan district of the Mangystau region. The deposit was discovered in 1966. Geological reserves amount to 93 mln tonnes of oil and more than 7 bln cubic meters of gas.
Three gas projects were launched in the reporting year. On May 10, 2023, Kazgermunai began supplying gas from the Aksai Yuzhny field. The field is being developed by Kazgermunai, where JSC NC KazMunaiGas owns 50%.
On November 29 of the reporting year, Urikhtau Operating, with 100% KMG participation, commissioned the East Urikhtau field, which was the first in the Republic of Kazakhstan to use the Improved Model Contract.
On December 21, 2023, Ural Oil and Gas, 50% of which belongs to KMG, put into commercial operation the Rozhkovskoye gas condensate field in the West Kazakhstan region.
Midstream
The total volume of oil trunk pipelines and sea transportation increased by 7.6% to 80,359 thous. tonnes.
The volume of oil transportation through trunk pipelines increased by 6.5% and amounted to 69,581 thous. tonnes. The growth is due to an increase in the transportation of oil for export through the KazTransOil system towards Germany, the shipment of oil through the port of Aktau in the direction of Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan, as well as an increase in the delivery of oil from the Kashagan field to the CPC system.
The total volume of offshore oil transportation in the reporting year increased by 15.4% to 10,778 thous. tonnes. The increase in transportation volumes was mainly due to an increase in the export of Kazakh oil along the route Aktau port - Baku port and further along the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline.
Trading
Sales volumes of KMG's own produced oil and gas condensate increased by 7.1% and amounted to 23,695 thous. tonnes, of which 64.9% was exported.
Supplies of own produced oil and gas condensate volumes to cover the needs of the domestic market amounted to 8,311 thous. tonnes, including deliveries of crude oil from operating assets (Ozenmunaigas, Embamunaigas, Kazakhturkmunai and Urikhtau Operating) in the amount of 4,980 thous. tonnes to Atyrau, Pavlodar and Shymkent refineries for further oil refining and sales of oil products.
Downstream
The total volume of hydrocarbon processing compared to the same period in 2022 decreased by 1.5% and amounted to 19,593 thous. tonnes:
The volume of hydrocarbon refining at Kazakh refineries decreased by 0.4% and amounted to 14,206 thous. tonnes. The reduction in processing occurred mainly at the Shymkent refinery due to a decrease in load in the middle of the reporting year on the back of unscheduled repairs of the heat exchanger at the catalytic reforming and catalyst regeneration plant. The increase in refining volumes at the Atyrau refinery partially offset the decrease in the volumes at the Shymkent refinery.
The refining volume at KMG International's plants (Petromidia, Vega) in Romania decreased by 4.3% and amounted to 5,387 thous. tonnes. The reduction in the volume of processing occurred after the incident at the soft hydrocracking plant in mid-summer 2023. Restoration work continues at the facility, the completion of which has been postponed to the end of the first quarter of 2024, due to the large volume of repair work on the restoration of reactors related to ensuring the integrity of equipment and further safe operation of the facility.
The volume of production of oil products at Kazakh and Romanian refineries decreased by 2.7% and amounted to 18,138 thous. tonnes:
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 58
|
https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/imqq/bizchina/2011-02/25/content_12078395.htm
|
en
|
SOEs will expand foreign business
|
[
"http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/imqq/bizchina/tplimages/25970.files/logo.gif",
"https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/imqq/bizchina/attachement/jpg/site1/20110225/002713b603850ed148810b.jpg",
"http://chinadaily.allyes.com/main/adfshow?user=ChinaDailyNetwork|QQI|QQI_News_710_90&db=chinadaily"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2011-02-25T00:00:00
| null |
BEIJING - China's central State-owned enterprises (SOEs) will try to expand their business abroad over the next five years, despite public concern about their earning abilities and ongoing political turmoil in some overseas markets, said a senior official in charge of the State assets.
"Central SOEs should concentrate on completing their industry chains, increasing market share and developing into top-ranking enterprises in the international market during the 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015)," said Shao Ning, vice-chairman of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC).
As those enterprises have had good returns from overseas investment in recent years, Shao said, the SASAC encourages them to take further steps investing in foreign countries.
Established in 2003, SASAC supervises China's 121 central SOEs, including China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), China Mobile and China National Coal Corporation, each of which is a leader in the country's core industries.
Datang Telecom Technology Co Ltd, the State-owned microelectronics, terminals, communication application and service supplier, said it will establish telecommunication base stations in Africa in the next few years.
"We will continue to enter markets in Southeast Asia and Africa to improve the Chinese telecommunication industry's international competitiveness," said Chen Shanzhi, vice-president of Datang Telecom.
Earlier this month, CNPC signed an agreement with KazMunayGas on a cooperative project in Urikhtau, Kazakhstan.
Under to the agreement, the two parties will establish on equal equities a joint venture to develop the Urikhtau gas field, securing the gas supply for the phase-II Kazakhstan-China Gas Pipeline.
According to the SASAC, 37 percent of central SOEs' total profits in 2009 came from their overseas business and overseas assets of those enterprises account for 19 percent of their total assets.
Central SOEs generated profits of 815.1 billion yuan ($123.9 billion) in 2009, with assets totaling 21 trillion yuan.
Returns on assets of central SOEs' overseas investment was 7.54 percent in 2009, compared with 3.87 percent of their total assets in the same year.
The 21st Century Business Herald has reported that State-owned overseas assets have incurred great losses in the past few years, resulting in public concern about Chinese SOEs' profit-making abilities abroad.
"Statistics on asset returns of domestic and overseas investments show that the level of returns on central SOEs' overseas business is higher than those enterprises' average overall level," said Wang Zhile, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of International Trade & Economic Cooperation under the Ministry of Commerce.
Zhou Fangzhou, an expert on State-owned enterprises, said greater efforts should be made in supervising overseas business, for the risk of investing abroad is much higher than investing domestically.
By the end of 2009, 108 central SOEs had entered foreign markets with assets of more than 4 trillion yuan.
According to the SASAC, most of the central SOEs' businesses abroad are located in places where both political and economic situations are often unstable.
|
||||||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 16
|
https://astanatimes.com/2024/03/kmgs-production-highlights-in-2023-new-fields-enhanced-shipments-sustainable-growth/
|
en
|
KMG's Production Highlights in 2023: New Fields, Enhanced Shipments, Sustainable Growth
|
[
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/67106500",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/uploads/worldnomadgames.jpeg",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/themes/astanatimes/build/images/layout/kazakhstan-news.png",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Screen_Shot_2024-03-01_at_16.32.45.png",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Screen_Shot_2024-03-01_at_16.33.03.png",
"https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/themes/astanatimes/build/images/layout/astana-kazakhstan-news.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Fatima Kemelova"
] |
2024-03-04T05:28:08+00:00
|
KMG's Production Highlights in 2023: New Fields, Enhanced Shipments, Sustainable Growth
|
en
|
https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/themes/astanatimes/assets/images/icons/news-in-kazakhstan.ico
|
The Astana Times
|
https://astanatimes.com/2024/03/kmgs-production-highlights-in-2023-new-fields-enhanced-shipments-sustainable-growth/
|
ASTANA – The KazMunayGas (KMG) national oil and gas company published production results over the past year on the company’s official website in late February. Recent accomplishments include the opening of new fields, the increase in the shipment and diversification of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), and the implementation of sustainable development projects.
“Looking back, I can say that today’s KMG encompasses the entire spectrum of oil and gas activities within its structure, from exploration and production to transportation and refining of oil,” said KMG Chairman Magzum Mirzagaliyev in an interview with the company’s press service.
Last year, as part of the initiative to increase gas production at operational and exploration assets, KMG launched three new fields – the Aksai Yuzhny field, the Vostochny Urikhtau field, and the Rozhkovskoye field.
The company concluded the acquisition deal with France’s TotalEnergies for a 60% stake in the Dunga oil and gas field in the Mangystau Region in November 2023. Oil production for the reporting year at the field amounted to 547,000 tons, with KMG contributing 40,000 tons since its involvement in the project.
The development of the TITR is now of particular importance for the Kazakh government in enhancing the country’s transit potential linking it to the global transport network. In 2023, KMG shipped approximately 1 million tons in 2023 through the corridor via the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline. As part of route diversification efforts, the company delivered nearly 1 million tons of oil to Germany through the Atyrau-Samara pipeline.
In terms of oil trading, Mirzagaliyev noted the launch of the Kazakhstan Export Blend Crude Oil (KEBCO) brand, “a significant event not only for the company but for the entire oil and gas industry of Kazakhstan.”
“Historically, Kazakhstan traded two brands of oil: a blend of oils in the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC), and Urals, which is transported through the Atyrau-Samara pipeline. Regarding the Urals, it should be noted that Kazakhstan’s oil is mixed with Russia’s oil during transportation to the Russian seaports,” said Mirzagaliyev.
“Therefore, the introduction of the KEBCO brand marks a pivotal moment in the country’s oil trading landscape, signifying Kazakhstan’s growing prominence as an independent player in the global oil market,” he noted.
Another noteworthy achievement is the formation of a joint venture in cooperation with Abu Dhabi Ports (ADP), and the acquisition of two tankers, Taraz and Liwa, each boasting a deadweight of 8,000 tons. The vessels are now operating in the transportation of Kazakh oil across the Caspian Sea.
“In addition, we have initiated the first-ever transportation of Tengiz oil in open seas. Historically, this task was exclusively managed by Chevron Tankers. Today, the joint fleet of tankers operated by KMG and ADP is already transporting oil from the Tengiz field from the marine port of Novorossiysk to destinations worldwide,” said Mirzagaliyev.
In terms of strategic objectives, the company is implementing sustainable development projects, including its low-carbon development program. KMG is finalizing the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the one-gigawatt (GW) Mirny wind power in partnership with Total Eren, the French renewables producer.
In comparison with 2022, the proven and probable hydrocarbon reserves of the KMG increased by 3.7% in 2023, reaching 733 million tons of oil equivalent.
The volume of oil and gas condensate production has also increased by 6.9%, reaching 23,532 tons. Apart from that, the company demonstrated a notable growth in the volume of oil transportation, which rose by 7.6%, totaling 80,359 tons.
According to Mirzagaliyev, many of the aforementioned socio-economic initiatives undertaken and systematically implemented by KMG, stem from a deep appreciation for the unique value of the many skilled professionals within the company’s workforce, comprising the thousands-strong labor collective of its enterprises. The figures over the past year indicate the strengthening of the company’s position in the global oil and gas industry and the remaining vast potential for significant discoveries in Kazakhstan.
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 5
|
https://www.rigzone.com/news/chevron_qazaqgas_tie_up_for_gas_exploration_in_western_kazakhstan-04-jul-2024-177299-article/
|
en
|
Chevron, QazaqGas Tie Up for Gas Exploration in Western Kazakhstan
|
[
"https://images.rigzone.com/images/news/articles/Chevron-QazaqGas-Tie-Up-for-Gas-Exploration-in-Western-Kazakhstan-177299-582x327.webp",
"https://www.rigzone.com/oil/Areas/localimg/twitter_icon_black_64x64.png",
"https://www.rigzone.com/oil/Areas/localimg/facebook_icon_black_64x64.png",
"https://www.rigzone.com/oil/Areas/localimg/linkedin_icon_black_64x64.png",
"https://www.rigzone.com/oil/Areas/localimg/reddit_icon_black_64x64.png",
"https://www.rigzone.com/oil/Areas/localimg/email-button.png",
"https://www.rigzone.com/oil/Areas/localimg/print-button.png",
"https://www.rigzone.com/oil/Areas/localimg/logo02.svg",
"https://www.rigzone.com/oil/Areas/localimg/reddit_icon_black_64x64.png",
"https://www.rigzone.com/oil/Areas/localimg/facebook_icon_black_64x64.png",
"https://www.rigzone.com/oil/Areas/localimg/twitter_icon_black_64x64.png",
"https://www.rigzone.com/oil/Areas/localimg/linkedin_icon_black_64x64.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"oil and gas petroleum news events stories articles analysis commentary headlines stocks finance commodities maps pictures"
] | null |
[
"Jov Onsat"
] |
2024-07-04T08:45:25+00:00
|
Kazakhstan's national gas company and Chevron Munaigas signed a cooperation agreement for natural gas exploration in the Aktobe region.
|
en
|
https://www.rigzone.com/news/chevron_qazaqgas_tie_up_for_gas_exploration_in_western_kazakhstan-04-jul-2024-177299-article/
|
JSC NC QazaqGaz and Chevron Munaigas Inc. have signed a cooperation agreement for natural gas exploration in the Aktobe region in western Kazakhstan.
The Chevron Corp. subsidiary will in the initial phase reprocess seismic data for the target area, which is near the already proven Urikhtau and Zhanazhol fields, Kazakhstan’s national gas company said in a statement.
“The respective parties view the signed agreement as a potential starting point for more extensive collaboration”, QazaqGaz said.
The exploration campaign is also supported by Samruk-Kazyna JSC and the Central Asian country’s Energy Ministry, according to the statement.
QazaqGas chair Sanzhar Zharkeshov said in the statement, “Further geological exploration and development of a potential gas condensate or oil and gas condensate field at the Zhalibek site is expected to enhance the commercial gas resource base and drive economic growth in the country”.
Zharkeshov added the agreement for gas exploration with the United States oil and gas giant signals an increasing attractiveness of Kazakhstan to international gas players.
“Our strategic partnership with Kazakhstan has spanned more than three decades, and this agreement creates new opportunities for potentially advancing Kazakhstan's energy sector”, Chevron managing director for Eurasia Derek Magness commented. “Chevron recognizes the importance of gas development and related potential opportunities within Kazakhstan's gas industry".
In 2022 Chevron Munaigas and QazaqGaz inked a memorandum of understanding for collaboration in hydrocarbon exploration and production, gas processing and energy transition.
Last year Kazakhstan produced 30.8 billion cubic meters (1.1 trillion cubic feet) of gas, while its gas consumption stood at 21.4 Bcm (755.7 Bcf), according to the Energy Institute’s Statistical Review of World Energy.
Chevron is the first multinational to enter Kazakhstan, in 1993, according to the San Ramon, California-based integrated energy company.
Currently it holds a 50 percent stake in the Tengizchevroil joint venture, which develops the Tengiz field and the nearby Korolev field. Chevron estimates 25.5 billion barrels of oil in place in Tengiz and 1.6 billion barrels in Korolev. Chevron pegs recoverable oil from the two at 7.1 billion to 10.9 billion barrels. Tengizchevroil contributed 358,000 oil-equivalent barrels per day to Chevron’s net production last year, according to the company’s supplemental report to its annual report for 2023.
Chevron also owns an 18 percent interest in the Karachaganak gas condensate field.
Downstream, Chevron holds a 15 percent stake in the Caspian Pipeline Consortium, which operates a 1,505-kilometer (935.2 miles) conduit that carries petroleum from Tengiz and Karachaganak for export overseas, Chevron says on its website.
Chevron also owns the Atyrau Polyethylene Pipe Plant.
To contact the author, email jov.onsat@rigzone.com
|
||||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 95
|
http://mergersandacquisitionreviewcom.blogspot.com/2011_02_24_archive.html
|
en
|
Oil and Gas - Mergers and Acquisition Review
|
http://mergersandacquisitionreviewcom.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
|
http://mergersandacquisitionreviewcom.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
|
[
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-5THiqwL9GoaU-4FjcnVUWlQkNU1XBQYO28DNMqKJ2OiwU8R0f6zXvzrUT546orM9vpXWGGhdWMQIOx8NCIkTMl3YPVhHg9H4D9jhyphenhyphenYXn-R1AnXrA4I1aacD-M7461rjXw0Q78lVcTq4/s640/Map+1.jpg",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgznTjlhhUYYE-1gBjSLynBLu09QZ_tZ3KqHcdNJB54rUX1cmENh9b5K5X67nWnVQNx98JRFEWaIuJFLSvyidvdbk6uYDJMU9vQOqMfkom_MI7_5X0B9Ie1RRuXUn7kpacqgytbwLimyN8/s640/Blog+-+24+Feb+2011-1.JPG",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYCHtEr0Oa2QK9PWL8dlcjTRYAjMZLUiO9oJJK08Qj2b4ZFukfp5ZqunL6TzO0QtxVPPtUNgaCJ2SlKyQtrW8lpY0-n-MfULagHoid26lDydy2gdChA66jJMHapb1WLbB2TzrxWj9Q4is/s640/Blog+-+24+Feb+2011+-+2.JPG",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiQbrr27IoC6ma-OpjjvuNLwdiS9rIEZ6pUNijnVUJwVLM-F6Dc65zefLZlSxO_xYx1E-E3Dci34WLMwXV4VAxPiqITKRmN3-51S0uYLZPo5KL3yOThc9SPJiNIgyhctMs5WDr9xdZRno/s640/Blog+-+24+Feb+2011+-+3.JPG",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW2u1voI0TS3RGdoteFKZc9RHxbmoGPUUhukA0tMCol5JVRvZfVrh1x-IECv_OdLAvB3Ofxh0riY5VcTPOswib1yFVPHn0yjhs6iZX4jFTvCa9apedAETOwOBxp0F89wN_LANHG1Cq_r8/s640/Permian+lead.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgskhukXr5y9muMQm2Jy-XA2iNTGvLUCC4PNtp2LRR_Ph1oIDrow075xMplLO0Ejiry9O1W_FpJCqjuxoUPGAdt_L6ZLv5_ijKxkZU2cE3-wgM0uHV41ajmgMQE77RuvbbSN37Rc0E4iyU/s640/Statoil+GoM.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif",
"http://www.linkwithin.com/pixel.png",
"http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-s6594FMbOlI/TeChHeZ-pMI/AAAAAAAAACc/1DDRBMk0SJg/s150/Logo.jpg",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-netvibes.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-yahoo.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-netvibes.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-yahoo.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH9af8z5qY32WbTWiskzjLurbfXdgi09DJ0Ktt_ajTq4chAWP9ERz3C9bQ7cjNBh8NEr-V8tcy96VcH5qlgVpsQXET3No3qWe90kl1CPbY9PqJyXZPkhQYZtU3trPcT9EYVLWzRjZI1MI/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/Map.jpg",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_sbxvUCDr7zkN22mL9UbQuBdIfWHSFn1NONbWycMjRWP9lgOp8KFsw44iE0ZYRSmVAOpRN9fmIZ-oPYQaiYoTV4QSJ_zsf6KmaSah-Rri1CcNgxzxFBWHSWpaNUb1t15_WQOUQZ3J9TarvGpro=w72-h72-p-k-no-nu",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvBEME2E58DH08MKsI6_Ls4RX58uwxl3NRaY-aQlJhhU4uVtaPtFyJky9c2_dbBaG2ETeYQLCm2Bq6qmRQLTpscpiO56Hhh5QO3TIu7I0gMjraCXwXc7GvALEJBDk7NvUZmsVPMPb0BkQ/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/END-Divestiture.JPG",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdXSKeIiNZj1NQ8eT8i0oPCCZQZKc_YOEqGMNcvxpgGL7kGPo7e2vcg8LnRxWVJ84Bn2tPo87_4C7RL1e32CU2r_Y21yi1VDCWrXHhuNNK_zPhoKYr_DMK0uMBm_qg7VVIia7ZZTc-58Y/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/untitled.JPG",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj-1EJ46ydgSZgoayBCnCtEowS19xtOPbP6Ie1LY1Cdv-j9Agj_gnl5MUNWvHXfXPXw5G0JwG45VAysxgycMvT0O7H95eSkanEkkLSoLyHLLJkwbRL_WFIpi0H-D3Ql1cEE4rMIci6snw/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/114707.JPG",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_mkfDj4QA4715iQDT233Mt_frcsNBvv08alJe5MsWERWVTBBtvypdX3TwbHEL5aJlscxFp-iwKCHLRShKTF0DNqc0l6iL34XAdiU1N72GxOoC4rI-CBH-5WnoZtP0frBpWDDWuQKJfoI/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/BG1.JPG",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgiKZYMnLB8RBV488v5Rw0HM-Zl2m64k2KVfw6COiIIjgx6BnAw9qt_xsBgGU2LApBB0wa-eZQLacbM1SkrjokKEWRIVQIc3p_gewx3JFkYf4W8s0Y2GMT9iPBUHxwtSZDY9XdYZN9lc4/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/Map.jpg",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_tB7A8Jwvb71Rvn4ZStjHFgYJ3gBBQQCpBTgSEDHB6mmktA33yDnoMeWmR_IKxFOTkxbhp7QLfC0ALtXIIFML04Ou9JtcVQLPoa4qo7y-SJINr7FLfiVo4rQl6uhnk395VyHHBIWv-koZWqEwg=w72-h72-p-k-no-nu",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_v5xKP3QOF5d3_75c8lYo5wcuo2n_4CMzBD2MR0UtOR5EXP9x12Q1UtZwllTUpUQG3-b9lZ32SQdazWbmvLmK7R-6WsGh53Jfj8MoUYIQL6xlTFQkYVUZMv3Fbwql7jX1jrBPvsn9AxlGaBS-5OuaGiDBM=w72-h72-p-k-no-nu"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Anitha Bharathi",
"Sanjay Samuel",
"Rupesh Govindan"
] | null |
en
|
http://mergersandacquisitionreviewcom.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
|
http://mergersandacquisitionreviewcom.blogspot.com/2011_02_24_archive.html
| |||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 0
|
https://www.gem.wiki/Urikhtau_Oil_and_Gas_Project_(Kazakhstan)
|
en
|
Urikhtau Oil and Gas Project (Kazakhstan)
|
[
"https://www.gem.wiki/w/resources/assets/GEMWIKIlogo_V2.png",
"https://www.gem.wiki/w/resources/assets/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa.png",
"https://www.gem.wiki/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png",
"https://www.gem.wiki/w/resources/assets/Powered-by-Canasta.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Global Energy Monitor"
] |
2024-03-20T22:38:37+00:00
|
Urikhtau Oil and Gas Project is an operating oil and gas project in Kazakhstan.
|
en
|
/w/resources/assets/GEMWIKIlogo_V2_favicon.png
|
Global Energy Monitor
|
https://www.gem.wiki/Urikhtau_Oil_and_Gas_Project_(Kazakhstan)
|
This article is part of the Global Oil and Gas Extraction Tracker, a Global Energy Monitor project. Related categories:
Oil and gas extraction
Oil and gas pipelines
LNG terminals
Urikhtau Oil and Gas Project is an operating oil and gas project in Kazakhstan.
Urikhtau is a part of the Urikhtau Oil and Gas Project complex.
Project Details
Main Data
Table 1: Project-level project details for Urikhtau Oil and Gas Project
*Final Investment Decision Unit name Status Operator Owner Discovery year FID* year Production start year Urikhtau Operating[1] KazMunayGas[1] KazMunayGas (100.0%)[1] 1983[2] – –
Production and Reserves
Table 2: Reserves of Urikhtau Oil and Gas Project
million m³ = million cubic meters million bbl = million barrels of oil Fuel Description Reserve Classification Quantity Units Data Year Source associated gas recoverable volumes 2378.59 million m³ 2011 [2] condensate recoverable volumes 85 million bbl 2011 [2] gas recoverable volumes 39643.21 million m³ 2011 [2] oil recoverable volumes 47 million bbl 2011 [2] oil recoverable resources 265.43 million bbl 2019 [3]
Table 3: Production from Urikhtau Oil and Gas Project
million bbl/y = million barrels of oil per year Category Fuel Description Quantity Units Data Year Source production oil and gas condensate 0.0 million bbl/y 2020 [1]
Location
Table 4: project-level location details for Urikhtau Oil and Gas Project
Location Coordinates (WGS 84) Unknown, Kazakhstan No location data found
Articles and Resources
Additional data
To access additional data, including an interactive map of oil and gas extraction sites, a downloadable dataset, and summary data, please visit the Global Oil and Gas Extraction Tracker on the Global Energy Monitor website.
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 83
|
https://kz.kursiv.media/en/2023-12-08/kazakhstan-wants-to-boost-its-oil-output-by-a-quarter/
|
en
|
Kazakhstan wants to boost its oil output by a quarter
|
[
"https://vk.com/rtrg?p=VK-RTRG-1319564-86nS5",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1371498819954962&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/35588175",
"https://cdn-kz.kursiv.media/wp-content/themes/kursiv/dist/img/image-placeholder.svg",
"https://cdn-kz.kursiv.media/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/14-12-1024x576.jpg",
"https://cdn-kz.kursiv.media/wp-content/themes/kursiv/dist/img/image-placeholder.svg",
"https://counter.yadro.ru/logo?58.6"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Zhanbolat Mamyshev"
] |
2023-12-08T00:00:00
|
Kazakhstan’s cabinet has approved a comprehensive plan for further development of big oil and gas projects in 2023-2027, which implies that the oil output must be boosted from the current 89 million tons per year to 105. 5 million tons by 2027.
|
en
|
https://cdn-kz.kursiv.media/wp-content/themes/kursiv/dist/favicon.ico
|
Kursiv Media Kazakhstan
|
https://kz.kursiv.media/en/2023-12-08/kazakhstan-wants-to-boost-its-oil-output-by-a-quarter/
|
Kazakhstan’s cabinet has approved a comprehensive plan for further development of big oil and gas projects in 2023-2027, which implies that the oil output must be boosted from the current 89 million tons per year to 105.5 million tons by 2027.
«The government of Kazakhstan has approved the comprehensive plan on evolving big oil and gas projects over the period from 2023 to 2027. Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov has signed the corresponding decree. According to this document, the production of oil within fields such as Tengiz, Karachaganak and Kashagan must be increased up to 105.5 million tons of oil and 82.1 cubic meters of gas by 2027,» the press service of the prime minister said in a statement.
In addition, the comprehensive plan also implies the implementation of 20 big projects in the sphere of oil and gas production, oil refinery and petrochemicals with expected investments off $37.3 billion. For instance, the government wants to build new gas-processing plants and implement three big projects in the area of oil refineries. Modernization of the Shymkent refinery by 2029 is the biggest one. The plant is expected to boost its output from six to twelve million tons per year. To provide the facility with additional crude oil, the government will facilitate works on the Kenkiyan-Atyrau and Kenkiyak-Kumkol oil pipelines. Their capacity is expected to be increased from 6 to 15 million tons and from 10 to 20 million tons per year, respectively.
The government also plans to boost Kazakhstan’s petrochemical industry with the help of the construction of the first integrated petrochemical plant designed to produce polyethylene. The plant is going to have a capacity of 1.25 million tons of product per year. It will also include a gas-absorption facility with a capacity of 9.1 billion cubic meters of gas a year. In the sphere of geological exploration, the plan covers seven different projects with total investments of $10 billion. Among the most vital projects in this sphere are the preparation to start production of the Kalamkas-Sea and Khazar oil fields; the development of the Urikhtau gas field and the Karaton-Podsolevoy exploration project.
According to Askhat Khassenov, vice minister of energy of Kazakhstan, the country is about to produce 89 million tons of oil this year compared to a plan of 90.5 million tons.
«There might be some changes. Our initial plan, designed up to the end of 2023, implied that we would produce 90.5 million tons of oil this year. However, over the first eight months of 2023, we fell behind the schedule. If nothing bad happens until the end of the year, we’ll do our best to catch up with the initial plan. We probably won’t reach 90.5 million tons but’ll produce 89 million tons of oil. That’s for sure,» he told reporters.
As the official noted, almost all big oil and gas projects currently conduct maintenance work that can affect their production results. However, if they manage to complete those overhauls earlier by several days, it will help us to bridge the gap between the plan and actual oil output.
«Even one or two days can make a difference. I mean this would help us to boost oil output. In 2023, we were supposed to produce 90.5 million tons of oil but this figure will likely decline to 89 million tons. Yes. The decline is possible,» the vice energy minister emphasized.
Last year, Kazakhstan reported 84.2 million tons of oil compared to 85.7 million tons produced in 2022. On September 23, 2023, Vice Minister of National Economy Azamat Amrin said that the country’s oil output rose by 6.6% from January to August 2023, although he didn’t provide any details in absolute figures. According to the Bureau of National Statistics under the Ministry of National Economy of Kazakhstan, over the first eight months of 2023, the country produced 56.09 million tons of oil and gas condensate.
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 20
|
https://www.world-energy.org/article/39175.html
|
en
|
Kazakhstan Starts Gas Production at Rozhkovskoye Field
|
[
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/cpu/images/001.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/Facebook.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/Twitter.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/Instagram.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/weibo.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/Facebook.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/Twitter.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/LinkedIn.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/share_icon/weibo.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2023/1222/20231222013843331.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2023/1222/20231222013916611.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2023/1222/20231222013945598.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2023/1222/20231222014027480.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2023/1222/20231222014100862.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2024/0520/20240520091133759.jpeg",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2024/0626/20240626105622644.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2024/0420/20240420114349866.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2024/0429/20240429022444787.jpg",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2024/0506/20240506041425177.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2024/0322/20240322090051612.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/uploadfile/2023/1109/20231109052142246.png",
"https://www.world-energy.org/statics/images/cpu/images/002.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Oil & Gas"
] | null |
[] | null |
Photo credit: primeminister.kzWest Kazakhstan’s major gas condensate field Rozhkovskoye was put into operation with Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov participating in the ceremony via a videoconference, Kazinform News Agency reports.The gas and con
| null |
Photo credit: primeminister.kz
West Kazakhstan’s major gas condensate field Rozhkovskoye was put into operation with Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov participating in the ceremony via a videoconference, Kazinform News Agency reports.
The gas and condensate field was discovered in 2008 as a result of geological exploration works. 14.2 billion cubic meters of raw gas and 7.1 million tons of condensate are set to be produced here by 2040.
Photo credit: primeminister.kz
The field is developed by a joint venture comprising KazMunayGas (50%), Hungary’s MOL Group (27.5%) and China’s Sinopec (22.5%), according to primeminister.kz.
$534 million have been invested into the project to date.
The national budget is expected to be replenished by 501 billion tenge, while 100 billion tenge will go to the local budget due to the project's implementation. The shareholders also plan to spend at least 3.1 billion tenge on socio-economic development of the region and allocate 1% from the investments to the local personnel training.
Alikhan Smailov emphasized strategic importance of the project launched in pursue of the Presidential instruction on attraction of investments to the exploration and development of new gas fields.
Photo credit: primeminister.kz
In his words, several more gas projects will be launched in a mid-term perspective, such as Urikhtau Centralnyi in Aktobe region, Zapadnaya Prorva in Atyrau region and Kalamkas in Mangistau region.
The development of this field will let produce, on average, over 2 billion cubic meters of gas per annum.
Photo credit: primeminister.kz
Additionally, the country is developing 12 promising geological survey projects together with international companies.
Chairman of the Board of JSC NC KazMunayGas Magzum Mirzagaliyev, Vice President of MOL Group Zsombor Marton from Budapest and Chairman of Sinopec International Petroleum Exploration & Production Corporation Guo Yueliang from Beijing participated in the ceremony in a videoconference format.
|
|||||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 39
|
https://iclg.com/practice-areas/oil-and-gas-laws-and-regulations/kazakhstan
|
en
|
Oil & Gas Laws and Regulations Report 2024 Kazakhstan
|
[
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/basket.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/mail.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/logo.png",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/search.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/user.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/alb.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/cdr.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/gli.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/iclg.svg",
"https://iclg.com/uploads/publications/images/small/Iz47BueUDoLRBHZ0NBcCgAOcGfwRMj6wBfWOYakm.png",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/social/mail-icon.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/linkedin-icon.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/twitter-icon.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/facebook-icon.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/iman_white.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/ibook_white.svg",
"https://iclg.com/uploads/contributors/eueQIT1n28jZIrzBCD3mhWtlTylPJjs234wtwxZL.png",
"https://iclg.com/uploads/contributors/T8bBpX2G5AOMdNsPKBA1eHv4fKd4vWTWN7wsr2Tp.png",
"https://iclg.com/uploads/contributors/f2IFOUjOxOunLFRhE5SQyNzzlj7edU2MfuxdE7cN.png",
"https://iclg.com/uploads/contributors/EcC9RjohseM4y8akFMEbKAkUSZo4HSLWEgvvcNa0.png",
"https://iclg.com/uploads/organisations/KRp9YKmyfiHNqwjiGO0vKmWbJmkPrW98eew383Ny.png",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/linkedin-icon-white.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/logo.png",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/linkedin-icon.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/twitter-icon.svg",
"https://iclg.com/skin/images/facebook-icon.svg",
"https://www.glgroup.co.uk/skin/images/glg2023/GLG-logo-full-primary-all-white-245px.png",
"https://ws.zoominfo.com/pixel/6NommDdv9yDemgFTfko4",
"https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=464386&fmt=gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Kurmangazy Talzhanov",
"Svetlana Shtopol",
"Chingis Yessupov",
"Tolkynay Shynazarova",
"Global Legal Group"
] |
2024-02-13T11:12:00
|
Oil & Gas Laws and Regulations covering issues in Kazakhstan of Overview of Natural Gas Sector, Overview of Oil Sector, Development of Oil and Natural Gas
|
en
|
https://iclg.com/theme/assets/favicon/iclg/favicon.ico?t=20230801
|
International Comparative Legal Guides International Business Reports
|
https://iclg.com/practice-areas/oil-and-gas-laws-and-regulations/kazakhstan
|
1. Overview of Natural Gas Sector
2. Overview of Oil Sector
3. Development of Oil and Natural Gas
4. Import / Export of Natural Gas (including LNG)
5. Import / Export of Oil
6. Transportation
7. Gas Transmission / Distribution
8. Natural Gas Trading
9. Liquefied Natural Gas
10. Downstream Oil
11. Competition
12. Foreign Investment and International Obligations
13. Dispute Resolution
14. Updates
Production Editor's Note
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 77
|
https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/markets/chevron-cvx-qazaqgaz-sign-a-gas-exploration-agreement/ar-BB1poWPv
|
en
|
MSN
|
https://assets.msn.com/statics/icons/Microsoft_16_SVG.ico
|
https://assets.msn.com/statics/icons/Microsoft_16_SVG.ico
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
https://assets.msn.com/statics/icons/Microsoft_16_SVG.ico
| null | |||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 15
|
https://en.trend.az/casia/kazakhstan/3869329.html
|
en
|
Kazakhstan's KazMunayGas plans to increase gas production
|
[
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/5765395",
"https://en.trend.az/assets/img/logo.svg?v555",
"https://en.trend.az/assets/img/flower_icon.png?v3",
"https://cdn.trend.az/2015/02/16/trend_oil_gas_main.jpg",
"https://en.trend.az/assets/img/whatsapp_btn.svg?v5",
"https://en.trend.az/assets/img/telegram_btn.svg?v4",
"https://en.trend.az/assets/img/facebook_btn.svg?v4",
"https://en.trend.az/assets/img/twitter_btn.svg?v5",
"https://en.trend.az/assets/img/googlenews_btn.svg?v3",
"https://cdn.trend.az/2020/07/22/yeni_logo_trend_agency_220720.jpg",
"https://en.trend.az/assets/img/logo.svg",
"https://counter.yadro.ru/logo?15.2"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Azerbaijan's news",
"Georgia's news",
"Kazakhstan's news",
"Turkmenistan's news",
"Uzbekistan's news",
"Iran's news",
"Turkey's news",
"oil and gas news",
"politics",
"the Caspian Sea",
"Caspian news",
"Central Asia",
"the CIS news",
"economy",
"analytics",
"business news",
"financial news",
"company news",
"Breaking News",
"World News"
] | null |
[
"Madina Usmanova Read more"
] |
2024-03-02T07:25:00+04:00
|
en
|
/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png?v=2022011801
|
Trend.Az
|
https://en.trend.az/casia/kazakhstan/3869329.html
|
BAKU, Azerbaijan, March 2. KazMunayGas JSC (KMG, Kazakhstan's national oil and gas company) plans to increase gas production, as stated in a statement of the Chairman of the Board of KMG Magzum Mirzagaliyev, published by the press service of the joint-stock company, Trend reports.
"In addition to active geological exploration and stabilization of oil production levels, the company’s priority is to increase gas production and its commercialization. KMG is actively working to explore and launch new fields. We understand the importance of gas production for Kazakhstan. Consumption in the country is growing rapidly. Therefore, we have now begun developing the company’s Gas Strategy, within the framework of which it is planned to increase gas production from both operating and exploration assets," he said.
As Mirzagaliyev noted, at the moment, the growth potential, according to KMG estimates, could amount to an additional 6.7 billion cubic meters of gas per year by 2030, excluding large projects (Tengiz, Karachaganak, Kashagan).
"Last year, we already launched three new gas fields: Rozhkovskoye in the West Kazakhstan region, Aksay Yuzhny in the Kyzylorda region and Eastern Urikhtau in the Aktobe region," he said.
According to him, in addition to the listed projects, the Gas Strategy includes the Central Urikhtau field with a production potential of up to 900 million cubic meters of gas per year, the Western Prorva and Kalamkas fields (up to 1.1 billion cubic meters per year).
"KMG is also implementing exploration projects that could potentially increase the level of natural gas production: the Karaton Podsolevoy and Turgay Paleozoy areas, where, as I have already noted, exploration wells are planned to be drilled in 2024," Mirzagaliyev noted.
Meanwhile, the volume of oil and gas condensate production by KazMunayGas amounted to 23.5 million tons (486,000 barrels per day) in 2023. The volume of oil and gas condensate production grew by 6.5 percent from 2022.
At the same time, natural and related gas output climbed by 14.8 percent over the reporting period, reaching 9.45 billion cubic meters.
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 18
|
http://mergersandacquisitionreviewcom.blogspot.com/2011_02_24_archive.html
|
en
|
Oil and Gas - Mergers and Acquisition Review
|
http://mergersandacquisitionreviewcom.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
|
http://mergersandacquisitionreviewcom.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
|
[
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-5THiqwL9GoaU-4FjcnVUWlQkNU1XBQYO28DNMqKJ2OiwU8R0f6zXvzrUT546orM9vpXWGGhdWMQIOx8NCIkTMl3YPVhHg9H4D9jhyphenhyphenYXn-R1AnXrA4I1aacD-M7461rjXw0Q78lVcTq4/s640/Map+1.jpg",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgznTjlhhUYYE-1gBjSLynBLu09QZ_tZ3KqHcdNJB54rUX1cmENh9b5K5X67nWnVQNx98JRFEWaIuJFLSvyidvdbk6uYDJMU9vQOqMfkom_MI7_5X0B9Ie1RRuXUn7kpacqgytbwLimyN8/s640/Blog+-+24+Feb+2011-1.JPG",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYCHtEr0Oa2QK9PWL8dlcjTRYAjMZLUiO9oJJK08Qj2b4ZFukfp5ZqunL6TzO0QtxVPPtUNgaCJ2SlKyQtrW8lpY0-n-MfULagHoid26lDydy2gdChA66jJMHapb1WLbB2TzrxWj9Q4is/s640/Blog+-+24+Feb+2011+-+2.JPG",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiQbrr27IoC6ma-OpjjvuNLwdiS9rIEZ6pUNijnVUJwVLM-F6Dc65zefLZlSxO_xYx1E-E3Dci34WLMwXV4VAxPiqITKRmN3-51S0uYLZPo5KL3yOThc9SPJiNIgyhctMs5WDr9xdZRno/s640/Blog+-+24+Feb+2011+-+3.JPG",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW2u1voI0TS3RGdoteFKZc9RHxbmoGPUUhukA0tMCol5JVRvZfVrh1x-IECv_OdLAvB3Ofxh0riY5VcTPOswib1yFVPHn0yjhs6iZX4jFTvCa9apedAETOwOBxp0F89wN_LANHG1Cq_r8/s640/Permian+lead.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgskhukXr5y9muMQm2Jy-XA2iNTGvLUCC4PNtp2LRR_Ph1oIDrow075xMplLO0Ejiry9O1W_FpJCqjuxoUPGAdt_L6ZLv5_ijKxkZU2cE3-wgM0uHV41ajmgMQE77RuvbbSN37Rc0E4iyU/s640/Statoil+GoM.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif",
"http://www.linkwithin.com/pixel.png",
"http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-s6594FMbOlI/TeChHeZ-pMI/AAAAAAAAACc/1DDRBMk0SJg/s150/Logo.jpg",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-netvibes.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-yahoo.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-netvibes.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-yahoo.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG05mk0hOldJp3euEmYhXSH1cOaARNnU9lG-2VWRgttn-5ot1rJyJgG-HMddgzyus3uaQqjx2Gx8nfUwOxnLD9msdup3fHElS4VFwBvKREN8CPsT2Ii8-9Qvs6KpMEsr64A_5QEM3hXj8/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/Blog+-+01+March+2011-1.JPG",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9XqckoLxkDaOQvC4lWePCltvc7jPgpAg_IjRjqhhkGPL2gQ1gEdTCFmvcKxsS2_jK5jsi6_B0JkiZxIFm4MmXsa7GgF-oLH2mcCp38kLCP7v-arcps-cO6HZwaEVpfsytN9_0T8OmzOc/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/Cote+D%2527Ivoire.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEBtfkEokbje3z0QqeEa2GVarOo98gQaOYDgZem5J34oFezQv3Osk1GRqnk2iGOJ6LRKXzPp7lR2tuJ5JlskwKr5UhhNMjd7xRN-f62r1qHrrmyGOhTfIoexCe3D9T3Wgxzh8IirOAJP0/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/Woodside+assets.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnFOq5OixEgxG7owEHCnzuekfnS2GqBWIXkWN_caaTRrOaVBtsHUctBZ3CKqvlmY7jvTIt-WYzptCKFL-XYF905JnKB8oK51raN0lnZcubHDK8US6J_6-48JAuBUqqMsmxismnsLhHffs/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/Albania+Map+1.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipo3-DVp5ICEur5mty5dHk8oqbZM54PqeXewZ8oxwGCnSmmGDYlSElrG_KM245GJLeoUgTpv3qHOdGhic8gCkdiGo-NcAftBjYoKFzcmgbfyrRHlYb52Mds8S9nuCDC6YT61KoPIb8W1Q/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/Heritage+Map.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPAI8-SziZAbbAlaaooveIegIQQTM0Ju8q_TrGOBWMwHSfFh3x9EicJGNMb5jbRUC5Da8rKuoYAlhNSXQ5p5kcE2Z8liKcBUPFyD4_VCP4CXSIHdwb0RIHRvsa1BThhCYP1JGiU_Ogy8c/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/Santos-Bangladesh.JPG",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLjD-Adz17PWoYaQo5OXdFb7MgSOuNSt_c4uemZOQ8cmpFyBqD1ykM9aLJZYeuQlm1DnbI4wyIHjhM7MWtygGRaqw4Nu2R1zJYXPogjbTECInXbuJyXTCFGPvC8fRdsqeq_QK79fLUEWs/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/falkland_islands_map.gif",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifBiIT5irYp4YN4nsRsUg5Bu_WhG9DeFBCyKCGB_IDUOQp_CRSFUI_K9g6vGfMseSeYOyokgkVst0qixuEwsAkKuzHBO7gXSfP89D5lS06Tko2_4PVOlIRNqqXO-Edk5mx0HQpkOXUVSM/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/Mozambique+concessions+v3G+%2528Wentworth%2529.JPG"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Anitha Bharathi",
"Sanjay Samuel",
"Rupesh Govindan"
] | null |
en
|
http://mergersandacquisitionreviewcom.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
|
http://mergersandacquisitionreviewcom.blogspot.com/2011_02_24_archive.html
| |||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 2
|
https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/kazmunaygas-commissioned-the-eastern-urikhtau-field/
|
en
|
KazMunayGas Commissioned the Eastern Urikhtau Field
|
[
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/en.png",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/ru.png",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ROGTEC-logo-300-1.gif",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KDR-2024.gif",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SDUK-Upstream-Banner-750-x-100-1.png",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KDR-2024-ENG.gif",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e6631ace7bd2882531d9714bc5081a72?s=26&d=mm&r=g",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/kazmunaygas-750x375.webp",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/shale-60x60.jpeg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/240422-Transocean-Hero-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/st_20160929_jeopec29_2630269.jpg-60x60.webp",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/650808852250a56040016e98-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/5apd4jjo8ptnzzp5wou1pl6spv2gx3i2-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/2-1-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/i-15-60x60.webp",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1721207506302-60x60.webp",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1424035538_5-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ROGTEC-Issue-68-cover-Home-Wide.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/баннер-big4-для-Rogtec-Английский-gif.gif",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/KIOGE24_360х100_ru.gif",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Yury-Kichigin-WNOG-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Kamil-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Winershall-Featured-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Boris-Ivanov-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/GDS-Top-Drive-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Proppants-Roundtable-ROGTEC-Featured-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Technology-Roundtable-Drilling-Contractors-PNG-Drilling-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Drilling-Fluids-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Wellbore-Cementing-Featured-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/rogtech_logo_white.png",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/rdcr_logo_white-2018.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Doug Robson",
"Saul Haslam"
] |
2023-12-05T17:59:25+00:00
|
ROGTEC Magazine – Russian Oil and Gas Technologies Magazine is Russia's and the Caspian's leading, independent, upstream publication
|
en
|
ROGTEC
|
https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/kazmunaygas-commissioned-the-eastern-urikhtau-field/
|
In the Mugalzharsky district of the Aktobe region, the commissioning of the Eastern Urikhtau field took place on December 4, Kazinform reports.
As the official Telegram channel of the Samruk-Kazyna Foundation reported, the launch of the field will allow obtaining additional volumes of commercial and liquefied gas for the Aktobe region.
As part of the further development of the Eastern Urikhtau field, it is expected to drill 9 more wells, which will increase oil production to 200 thousand tons per year, and associated gas production to 100 million cubic meters per year.
In 2024, oil and gas production in Eastern Urikhtau is expected to amount to 89 thousand tons of oil and about 46 million cubic meters of gas.
The commissioning of the Eastern Urikhtau is a significant step towards the full-scale development of the Central Urikhtau field – a gas condensate field containing significant reserves of natural gas. Gas production in the amount of 1 billion cubic meters per year is planned here.
By the way, Urikhtau Operating LLP was one of the first in Kazakhstan to make the transition to industrial development of the field under the Improved Model Contract, which had a significant positive effect on the economics of the Urikhtau project, noted the Samruk-Kazyna Fund.
The East Urikhtau oil and gas field was discovered in 2015. Recoverable oil reserves are 4.7 million tons, dissolved gas reserves are 2.5 billion cubic meters. It refers to complex hydrocarbon production projects due to the high content of hydrogen sulfide in the product (3.5% or more).
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 54
|
https://inspenet.com/en/noticias/chevron-gas-exploration-agreement-kazakhstan/
|
en
|
Chevron signs agreement for possible gas exploration in Kazakhstan
|
[
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/LOGO-BLANCO-DEREC-1-300x59.png",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/Inspenet-TV.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/Inspenet-TV.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/Inspenet-TV-1.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/Inspenet-TV.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/Inspenet-TV.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/avatars/8403/65cf84f450597-bpthumb.png",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/Chevron-firma-acuerdo-para-posible-exploracion-de-gas-en-Kazajstan-624x351.webp",
"https://inspenet.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/stars/rating_off.gif",
"https://inspenet.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/stars/rating_off.gif",
"https://inspenet.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/stars/rating_off.gif",
"https://inspenet.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/stars/rating_off.gif",
"https://inspenet.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/stars/rating_off.gif",
"https://inspenet.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/stars/rating_off.gif",
"https://inspenet.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/stars/rating_off.gif",
"https://inspenet.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/stars/rating_off.gif",
"https://inspenet.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/stars/rating_off.gif",
"https://inspenet.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/stars/rating_off.gif",
"https://inspenet.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/loading.gif",
"https://inspenet.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/images/loading.gif",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/La-nave-espacial-Starliner-regresa-sin-los-astronautas-300x169.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/Elon-Musk-revela-a-Cortex-el-cerebro-de-Inteligencia-Artificial-de-Tesla-300x169.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/Elon-Musk-revela-a-Cortex-el-cerebro-de-Inteligencia-Artificial-de-Tesla-300x169.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/IMG-P-Sizing-Corrosion-under-Simple-Pipe-Supports-300x169.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/IMG-P-Sizing-Corrosion-under-Simple-Pipe-Supports-300x169.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/1-IMG-P-ING-shutterstock_2033388194-Effective-shift-handover-management-for-operators-in-the-framework-of-the-Systematic-and-Structured-Operation-of-process-plants_resultado-1-300x169.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/1-IMG-P-ING-shutterstock_2033388194-Effective-shift-handover-management-for-operators-in-the-framework-of-the-Systematic-and-Structured-Operation-of-process-plants_resultado-1-300x169.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/%C2%BFSe-te-antoja-un-waffle-El-robot-S1-de-Astribot-jugando-basket-300x169.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/%C2%BFSe-te-antoja-un-waffle-El-robot-S1-de-Astribot-jugando-basket-300x169.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/Starpath-extraera-agua-de-la-Luna-gracias-a-una-financiacion-300x169.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/Starpath-extraera-agua-de-la-Luna-gracias-a-una-financiacion-300x169.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/05044928/Pete-Gallus-1620-300x200.jpg",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/05044928/Pete-Gallus-1620-300x200.jpg",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/Ecopetrol-estrena-modelo-de-exportacion-de-petroquimicos-hacia-Latinoamerica-624x351.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/Ecopetrol-estrena-modelo-de-exportacion-de-petroquimicos-hacia-Latinoamerica-624x351.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/El-descubrimiento-de-gas-en-el-bloque-PL-1194-624x351.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/El-descubrimiento-de-gas-en-el-bloque-PL-1194-624x351.webp",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/05060822/CORTE-LOGO-INSPENET.png",
"https://cdn.inspenet.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/05060822/CORTE-LOGO-INSPENET.png",
"https://inspenet.com/wp-content/uploads/flags/spain.png",
"https://inspenet.com/wp-content/uploads/flags/spain.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Isbel Lázaro"
] |
2024-07-06T14:04:00-04:00
|
Chevron and QazaqGaz cooperate on gas exploration in Kazakhstan, reprocessing seismic data at the Zhalibek site.
|
en
|
Inspenet
|
https://inspenet.com/en/noticias/chevron-gas-exploration-agreement-kazakhstan/
|
QazaqGaz and Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc. have formalized a cooperation agreement that could lead to geological exploration at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe region near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields.
Initially, Chevron will be responsible for reprocessing existing seismic data and developing detailed technical interpretations. Negotiations and technical preparations for this project have been carried out over the past year. The parties involved believe that this agreement could be the beginning of a broader collaboration.
The vision of companies regarding gas exploration
Derek Magness, General Manager of Chevron’s Eurasia Business Unit, expressed his satisfaction at strengthening cooperation with QazaqGaz through this gas project. He highlighted that Chevron’s strategic partnership with Kazakhstan has endured for more than three decades and this new agreement opens up significant opportunities for the advancement of the country’s energy sector.
According to Magness, Chevron recognizes the importance of gas development and the potential opportunities this sector offers in Kazakhstan.
It may interest you
For his part, Sanzhar Zharkeshov, Chairman of the Board of Directors of QazaqGaz, expressed his anticipation of working with Chevron to discover new gas prospects. Zharkeshov indicated that geological exploration and development of a potential gas condensate or oil and gas field at Zhalibek could enhance the commercial gas resource base and boost the country’s economic growth.
He also stressed that, following the Head of State’s directive to accelerate exploration projects in the gas sector, the potential of Kazakhstan’s gas industry is increasingly attracting international investors and multinational companies.
This project at the Zhalibek site is part of a broader plan to expand gas capacity and infrastructure in Kazakhstan. The collaboration between QazaqGaz and Chevron is a significant step towards harnessing the country’s natural resources, which is crucial to its long-term economic development.
Follow us on social networks and don’t miss any of our publications!
YouTube LinkedIn Facebook Instagram X
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 9
|
https://www.eurasian-research.org/publication/natural-gas-industry-of-kazakhstan-key-features-and-future-prospects/
|
en
|
Natural Gas Industry of Kazakhstan: Key Features and Future Prospects
|
[
"https://www.eurasian-research.org/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/en.png",
"https://www.eurasian-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/ERI_logo.png",
"https://www.eurasian-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/ERI_logo.png",
"https://www.eurasian-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/ERI_logo.png",
"https://www.eurasian-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/ERI_logo.png",
"https://www.eurasian-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/58-scaled.jpg",
"https://eurasian-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/58-1.png",
"https://eurasian-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/58-2.png",
"https://eurasian-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/58-3.jpg",
"https://www.eurasian-research.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/lidiya.jpg",
"https://www.eurasian-research.org/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/en.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Eurasian Research Institute"
] | null |
[] | null |
ERI | Eurasian Research Institute
|
en
|
https://www.eurasian-research.org/publication/natural-gas-industry-of-kazakhstan-key-features-and-future-prospects/
|
Among the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Kazakhstan has the 2rd largest liquid hydrocarbon fields after Russia. (ROGTEC, 2015) According to the Ministry of Energy of Kazakhstan, the recoverable natural gas reserves in the country are estimated at 4.03 cubic meters[1]. Therefore, on natural gas reserves, Kazakhstan ranks the 22th in the world and 3rd in the CIS. According to the Minister of Energy, K. Bozumbayev, the total gas production in Kazakhstan amounted to 45.3 billion cubic meters in 2015 (Kazakhstan 2050, 2016) and the oil companies of the country produced 29.9 billion cubic meters of natural gas in January-August 2016. (Committee on Statistics, 2016)
Over the past few years, Kazakhstan was constantly increasing its gas production. For instance, as it shown in Figure 1, the country’s gas production volume increased from 11.6 billion cubic meters in 2003 to 32.9 billion cubic meters in 2010 with further growth to 45.3 billion cubic meters in 2015. Therefore, the production level of natural gas in 2015 at over 290% higher than the 2003 volume. Moreover, Kazakhstan could manage to increase the production of liquefied petroleum gas by 2.3% and reach 2.5 million tons in 2015.
Figure 1. Kazakhstan’s natural gas production
Source: The Ministry of Energy of Kazakhstan
The natural gas exports amounted to 12.7 billion cubic meters in 2015, which is 14.4% increase compared to 2014, and reached 6.4 billion cubic meters in the first half of 2016. (Kazakhstan 2050, 2016) The Kazakh natural gas is mainly exported to Russia and Kyrgyzstan. The volume of international gas transit through the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2015 amounted to 87.1 billion cubic meters, which is 5% decrease compared to 2014. For instance, in 2015 the volumes of the Russian, Turkmen and Uzbek natural gas transported via the Kazakh gas pipelines infrastructure amounted to 53 billion cubic meters, 27.2 billion cubic meters and 7 billion cubic meters respectively. (Ministry of Energy of Kazakhstan, 2016)
Most of Kazakhstan’s natural gas reserves or over 98% are located in the west of the country. The approximate allocation of total gas reserves is as follows: 34.5% is the Kashagan field associated gas, 23.2% are the Karachaganak field gas and 17.3% are the Tengiz field gas, the remaining part is shared between smaller deposits such as the Korolevskoye, Zhanazhol, Urikhtau, and others. (KAZENERGY, 2011) Therefore, commercial exploration of natural gas in Kazakhstan is conducted on over 70 gas, gas condensate and oil-gas fields out of 228 hydrocarbon fields. Since natural gas production at the Kashagan field would start only at the end of 2016, the first place among the companies in terms of gas production is still held by Karachaganak Petroleum Operating with 42% of the country’s total gas output. TengizChevroil holds the second place with 34% of total gas production and CNPC-AktobeMunaiGas ranks third among the leaders with 8% of total gas production.
Figure 2. Kazakhstan’s gross natural gas production by sources
Source: IHS Energy, EOEO
It can be clearly seen that Kazakhstan’s gas industry has positive statistics. However, there are a number of issues that need to be addressed. For instance, the lion’s share of the Kazakh natural gas is produced in association with oil as either associated gas or condensate-related gas. To date, only over 20 deposits contain non-associated gas. This is why up to recent time gas production was an integral part of the oil producing companies’ activity. Since Kazakhstan’s economy focused on generating oil revenues, the increase of the natural gas commercial production remains secondary to the need to maximize oil output[2]. Therefore, in 2014 Kazakhstan re-injected about 18.4 billion cubic meters or 40% of its associated gas output to maintain reservoir pressure and realized only about 60% of its gross gas output as commercial volumes. (KAZENERGY, 2015)
Moreover, since gas is produced simultaneously with crude oil and condensates a significant part of the natural gas is characterized by multi-component composition and high sulfur content, which greatly complicates its exploration and processing.[3] For instance, the Tengiz and Kashagan fields’ sulfur content is about 18-19%. Therefore, before sending the gas to market it should be processed in order to remove sulfur and other impurities, which makes the production of commercial gas, which could be further delivered to consumers and enterprises, much more costly.[4]
Actually, domestic consumption of the natural gas remained relatively low accounting for only about 17.5 % of the country’s primary energy balance in 2015. One of the reasons for low level of consumption is lack of gas pipeline infrastructure in Kazakhstan. To date, a significant part of oil and gas fields in the country are not connected to Gas-supply Unique System (GUS). For instance, only 15 fields or about 7% of total amount are connected to GUS. The natural gas pipelines are presently available in 10 out of 14 regions of Kazakhstan. At the end of 2015, only 42.98% of the population of Kazakhstan has access to the natural gas supply. (Ministry of Energy of Kazakhstan, 2016)
In order to promote domestic gas consumption, Kazakhstan’s authorities decided to create the county’s single-buyer model under the responsibility of KazTransGaz (KTG) designated as national gas operator, which has rights to purchase associated gas from producers, sell gas on the local market and export gas. The main critical task of KTG is to provide 100% gasification coverage of population of the republic by reforming and complex development of Kazakhstan’s gas industry.
A major initiative toward the gasification of the country is the construction of the Beyneu – Bozoy – Shymkent pipeline with passing capacity up to 10 billion cubic meters, which will increase the energy security of Kazakhstan and allow delivering gas from the western gas production regions of the country to the southern parts. As a result, Kazakhstan could decrease its dependency on the gas supplies from Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. The project implementation will definitely cause positive multiplicative effect expressed in gasification of the Kyzylorda, Southern Kazakhstan, Zhambyl and Almaty regions. (KazTransGaz, 2016)
Figure 3. Map of Kazakhstan’s gas fields and pipelines
Source: SEEPX Energy, IHS Energy
It is obvious that the dynamic growth of gas production is impossible without a developed pipeline infrastructure. Currently, the main transit lines, which are used for transit of Turkmen and Uzbek gas, are Central Asia-Center, Bukhara – Ural, Orenburg – Novopskov. Moreover, the natural gas is supplied to the southern regions of the country and the Kostanay region oblast under the SWAP-operations with the Russian gas giant Gazprom by using the Uzbek gas resources via BGA-TBA and Gazly-Shymkent gas pipelines. Moreover, the Uzbek and/or Turkmen gas is transported via Turkmenistan – Uzbekistan – Kazakhstan – China main pipeline.[5] (KazMunayGaz, 2015)
Therefore, it could be concluded that it is important for Kazakhstan to keep the gas production in 2016 at least at the 2014 volumes. Moreover, KTG should continue developing transportation routes on transit and export delivery of the natural gas taking into account the fact that because of the constantly increasing level of internal consumption and the significant volume of reinjection the gas export potential of Kazakhstan remains at the low level.
References
Kazakhstan 2050. (2016). In 2016 Kazakhstan produced 22.7 billion cubic meters of oil. Retrieved from https://strategy2050.kz/en/news/37908/
KAZENERGY. (2011). Gas Industry of Kazakhstan. The growth is sustained. KAZENERGY Journal(5), 44-47.
KAZENERGY. (2015). The National Energy Report. 2015: Astana.
KazMunayGaz. (2015). KAZMUNAYGAS ANNUAL REPORT 2015. Astana.
KazTransGaz. (2016). KazTransGas JSC Annual Report for 2015. Astana.
Ministry of Energy of Kazakshtan. (2016). Background on the Ministry of Energy of Kazakshtan Activity in 2015 and 2016 Plans. Astana.
ROGTEC. (2015). Kazakhstan Oil & Gas. 2014 Results and 2015 Industry Development Outlook. ROGTEC. Russian Oil & Gas Technologies(41), 46-53.
[1] The CIA World Factbook lists Kazakhstan’s proven natural gas reserves as 2.4 trillion cubic meters as of January 1, 2014.
[2] Karachaganak became Kazakhstan’s first upstream project to introduce gas reinjection to enhance liquids production in 2004.
[3] As of the end of October 2013, Kazakhstan has 14 gas processing plants.
[4] The largest gas processing plants in Kazakhstan are the Kazakh, Tengiz, Karachaganak, and Zhanazhol.
|
||||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 8
|
https://www.worldoil.com/news/2024/7/1/chevron-to-reprocess-seismic-data-in-kazakhstan-with-potential-gas-exploration-plans-in-sight/
|
en
|
Chevron to reprocess seismic data in Kazakhstan with potential gas exploration plans in sight
|
[
"https://www.worldoil.com/images/logo.png",
"https://www.worldoil.com/media/bc2hgomj/668238c0ac8fc969979683.jpg?width=300",
"https://www.worldoil.com/images/logo.png",
"https://www.worldoil.com/images/ice.png",
"https://www.worldoil.com/images/cme_group.png",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1359141014132410&ev=PageView&noscript=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Chevron",
"Kazakhstan",
"exploration",
"seismic"
] | null |
[] |
2024-07-01T00:00:00
|
NC JSC QazaqGaz (QazaqGaz) and Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc., have signed a cooperation agreement which will entail potential geological exploration at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe region, near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields.
|
en
|
/images/favicon/favicon-32x32.png
| null |
(WO) – NC JSC QazaqGaz (QazaqGaz) and Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc., have signed a cooperation agreement which will entail potential geological exploration at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe region, near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields.
Negotiations and technical preparations for this project have been ongoing for the past year. In the initial phase, Chevron will reprocess existing seismic data and develop technical interpretations. The respective parties view the signed agreement as a potential starting point for more extensive collaboration.
"We are pleased to strengthen our cooperation with QazaqGaz through this important gas project. Our strategic partnership with Kazakhstan has spanned more than three decades, and this agreement creates new opportunities for potentially advancing Kazakhstan's energy sector. Chevron recognizes the importance of gas development and related potential opportunities within Kazakhstan's gas industry", said Derek Magness, Managing Director for Chevron’s Eurasia Business Unit.
"We look forward to working with Chevron to find possible new gas prospects. Further geological exploration and development of a potential gas condensate or oil and gas condensate field at the Zhalibek site is expected to enhance the commercial gas resource base and drive economic growth in the country. In line with the Head of State's directive to accelerate exploration projects in the gas sector, we are pleased to announce that Kazakhstan's gas industry potential is increasingly attracting international investors and multinational companies", said Sanzhar Zharkeshov, Chairman of the Management Board of QazaqGaz.
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 55
|
https://www.theasset.com/article/20652/investors-eye-abundance-of-oil%3Fid%3D20652%26subm%3Darticle
|
en
|
Investors eye abundance of oil
|
[
"https://theasset.com/img/logo.svg",
"https://www.theasset.com/storage/uploaded_image/170910708025yearslogo.png",
"https://www.theasset.com/img/person_black_24dp.svg",
"https://www.theasset.com/img/search_black_24dp.svg",
"https://theasset.com/img/logo.svg",
"http://adserver.theasset.com/www/delivery/avw.php?zoneid=956&cb=Random_key_voGlBTJO9G&n=adedbae5",
"https://www.theasset.com/storage/uploaded_image/1496723142assetlogo.png",
"https://www.theasset.com/storage/uploaded_image/1722927983BruceJohnson.png",
"https://www.theasset.com/storage/uploaded_image/1496723142assetlogo.png",
"https://theasset.com/event/2022/abrdn/images/Danielle%20Welsh-Rose.jpg",
"http://adserver.theasset.com/www/delivery/avw.php?zoneid=1011&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&n=a4c1e1ed",
"http://adserver.theasset.com/www/delivery/avw.php?zoneid=993&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&n=a8e419a4",
"http://adserver.theasset.com/www/delivery/avw.php?zoneid=979&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&n=a705fb34",
"http://adserver.theasset.com/www/delivery/avw.php?zoneid=957&cb=INSERT_RANDOM_NUMBER_HERE&n=abf7f58f",
"https://www.theasset.com/storage/Image/2024/Aug/1724132738telecommunicationselectrician.jpg",
"https://www.theasset.com/storage/Image/2024/Aug/1724132654windfarmwebsite(1).jpg",
"https://www.theasset.com/storage/Image/2024/Aug/1724132573solarpanelfactoryie.jpg",
"https://www.theasset.com/storage/uploaded_image/170910708025yearslogo.png",
"https://www.theasset.com/storage/uploaded_image/1709110518x-social-media-black-icon.svg",
"https://www.theasset.com/img/appstore.svg",
"https://www.theasset.com/img/playstore.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Jackie Cheung"
] | null |
Kazakhstan has vast oil reserves and is ramping up production. The prospects for foreign investors look bright, but there are risks too
|
en
|
/images/favicon.ico
|
https://www.theasset.com/theasset.com
| ||||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 14
|
https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/103876/
|
en
|
QazaqGaz to team up with Chevron for exploration project at Zhalibek block in Kazakhstan
|
[
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/84702142",
"https://interfax.com/img/repost-twitter.png",
"https://interfax.com/img/repost-insta.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
/img/favicon/favicon.ico
| null |
ASTANA. July 1 (Interfax) - National Company QazaqGaz JSC and Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc., have agreed to cooperate in geological exploration at the Zhalibek Block in Kazakhstan's Aktobe region near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau oil fields, QazaqGaz said in a press release.
The agreement of cooperation was signed by QazaqGaz CEO Sanzhar Zharkeshov and Chevron's Managing Director for Eurasia Derek Magness.
"During the first stage, Chevron will analyze a second time and interpret the available seismic data. The parties view the signed agreement as a potential start of their cooperation on a larger scale," the press release says.
According to QazaqGaz, negotiations and technical preparations for this project were carried out last year; the project will be implemented with the support of Kazakhstan's National Wealth Fund Samruk-Kazyna JSC, which is the sole shareholder of National Company QazaqGaz JSC.
"We are pleased to strengthen our cooperation with QazaqGaz through this important gas project. Our strategic partnership with Kazakhstan has spanned more than three decades, and this agreement creates new opportunities for potentially advancing Kazakhstan's energy sector. Chevron recognizes the importance of gas development and related potential opportunities within Kazakhstan's gas industry", said Derek Magness.
"We look forward to working with Chevron to find possible new gas prospects. Further geological exploration and development of a potential gas condensate or oil and gas condensate field at the Zhalibek site is expected to enhance the commercial gas resource base and drive economic growth in the country," said Sanzhar Zharkeshov.
The agreement "creates new opportunities for potentially advancing Kazakhstan's energy sector," said Derek Magness. "Chevron recognizes the importance of gas development and related potential opportunities within Kazakhstan's gas industry," he said.
QazaqGaz, formerly KazTransGas, is the national gas operator in Kazakhstan, including gas exploration, production, transportation and distribution. QazaqGaz operates gas pipelines totaling about 76,000 km in length, including 20,000 km of large pipelines with a yearly throughput capacity of 267.8 billion cubic meters of gas and 56,000 km of gas distribution networks.
|
|||||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 21
|
https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/103876/
|
en
|
QazaqGaz to team up with Chevron for exploration project at Zhalibek block in Kazakhstan
|
[
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/84702142",
"https://interfax.com/img/repost-twitter.png",
"https://interfax.com/img/repost-insta.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
/img/favicon/favicon.ico
| null |
ASTANA. July 1 (Interfax) - National Company QazaqGaz JSC and Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc., have agreed to cooperate in geological exploration at the Zhalibek Block in Kazakhstan's Aktobe region near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau oil fields, QazaqGaz said in a press release.
The agreement of cooperation was signed by QazaqGaz CEO Sanzhar Zharkeshov and Chevron's Managing Director for Eurasia Derek Magness.
"During the first stage, Chevron will analyze a second time and interpret the available seismic data. The parties view the signed agreement as a potential start of their cooperation on a larger scale," the press release says.
According to QazaqGaz, negotiations and technical preparations for this project were carried out last year; the project will be implemented with the support of Kazakhstan's National Wealth Fund Samruk-Kazyna JSC, which is the sole shareholder of National Company QazaqGaz JSC.
"We are pleased to strengthen our cooperation with QazaqGaz through this important gas project. Our strategic partnership with Kazakhstan has spanned more than three decades, and this agreement creates new opportunities for potentially advancing Kazakhstan's energy sector. Chevron recognizes the importance of gas development and related potential opportunities within Kazakhstan's gas industry", said Derek Magness.
"We look forward to working with Chevron to find possible new gas prospects. Further geological exploration and development of a potential gas condensate or oil and gas condensate field at the Zhalibek site is expected to enhance the commercial gas resource base and drive economic growth in the country," said Sanzhar Zharkeshov.
The agreement "creates new opportunities for potentially advancing Kazakhstan's energy sector," said Derek Magness. "Chevron recognizes the importance of gas development and related potential opportunities within Kazakhstan's gas industry," he said.
QazaqGaz, formerly KazTransGas, is the national gas operator in Kazakhstan, including gas exploration, production, transportation and distribution. QazaqGaz operates gas pipelines totaling about 76,000 km in length, including 20,000 km of large pipelines with a yearly throughput capacity of 267.8 billion cubic meters of gas and 56,000 km of gas distribution networks.
|
|||||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 38
|
https://www.petroleumjournal.kz/index.php%3Fp%3Darticle%26aid1%3D142%26aid2%3D776%26id%3D1792%26outlang%3D3
|
en
|
ÐналиÑиÑеÑкий жÑÑнал
|
[
"https://www.petroleumjournal.kz//cover/img/company_ru.gif",
"https://www.petroleumjournal.kz//cover/img/logotipe-petroluem.png",
"https://www.petroleumjournal.kz/cover/img/chervinskij-o-chernaja-krov-kazahstana-epoha-nazarbaeva.gif",
"https://www.petroleumjournal.kz//imgdb/banner/banner_25_0_15.gif",
"https://www.petroleumjournal.kz//imgdb/banner/banner_25_0_314.png",
"https://www.petroleumjournal.kz//imgdb/banner/banner_25_0_319.gif",
"https://www.petroleumjournal.kz//imgdb/banner/banner_25_0_302.gif",
"https://www.petroleumjournal.kz//imgdb/banner/banner_25_0_318.jpg",
"https://www.petroleumjournal.kz//imgdb/banner/banner_25_0_317.gif",
"https://www.petroleumjournal.kz//imgdb/banner/banner_25_0_316.gif",
"https://www.petroleumjournal.kz//imgdb/banner/banner_25_0_320.jpg",
"https://informer.yandex.ru/informer/11113675/3_0_FFFFFFFF_EFEFEFFF_0_pageviews",
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/11113675"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"ÐеÑÑолеÑм"
] | null |
[] | null |
ru
|
https://www.petroleumjournal.kz//favicon.ico
| null | |||||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 1
|
https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/kazmunaygas-is-preparing-for-the-full-scale-development-of-the-central-and-east-urikhtau-deposits/
|
en
|
KazMunayGas Is Preparing for the Full-Scale Development of the Central and East Urikhtau Deposits
|
[
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/en.png",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/ru.png",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ROGTEC-logo-300-1.gif",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KDR-2024.gif",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SDUK-Upstream-Banner-750-x-100-1.png",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/KDR-2024-ENG.gif",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e6631ace7bd2882531d9714bc5081a72?s=26&d=mm&r=g",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/kazmunajgaz-i-lukojl-obsudili-sotrudnichestvo-po-proektu-22kalamkas-more-hazar-auezov22-bizmedia.kz_-750x375.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/shale-60x60.jpeg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/240422-Transocean-Hero-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/st_20160929_jeopec29_2630269.jpg-60x60.webp",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/650808852250a56040016e98-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/5apd4jjo8ptnzzp5wou1pl6spv2gx3i2-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/2-1-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/i-15-60x60.webp",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1721207506302-60x60.webp",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1424035538_5-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ROGTEC-Issue-68-cover-Home-Wide.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/баннер-big4-для-Rogtec-Английский-gif.gif",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/KIOGE24_360х100_ru.gif",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Yury-Kichigin-WNOG-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Kamil-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Winershall-Featured-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Boris-Ivanov-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/GDS-Top-Drive-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Proppants-Roundtable-ROGTEC-Featured-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Technology-Roundtable-Drilling-Contractors-PNG-Drilling-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Drilling-Fluids-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Wellbore-Cementing-Featured-60x60.jpg",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/rogtech_logo_white.png",
"https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/rdcr_logo_white-2018.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Doug Robson",
"Saul Haslam"
] |
2024-06-25T16:03:44+00:00
|
ROGTEC Magazine – Russian Oil and Gas Technologies Magazine is Russia's and the Caspian's leading, independent, upstream publication
|
en
|
ROGTEC
|
https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/kazmunaygas-is-preparing-for-the-full-scale-development-of-the-central-and-east-urikhtau-deposits/
|
The Chairman of the Board of KazMunayGas (KMG) A. Khasenov during a working trip on June 21, 2024 visited the production facilities of Urikhtau Operating, Kazakhoil Aktobe LLP and Kazakhturkmunay in the Aktobe region.
This was reported by the press service of the company.
Currently, KMG is preparing the concept of full-scale development of the central and East Urikhtau deposits.
Urikhtau project
Suggests a 2-stage development of the field:
Phase 1 – includes the development of the oil and gas field of East Urikhtau. In December 2023, the company introduced a field into industrial operation, which made it possible to obtain additional volumes of commodity and liquefied gas for the Aktobe region. In 2024, in East Urikhtau, production is expected in the amount of: 89 thousand tons of oil and about 46 million m3 of gas.
Phase 2 – involves the full-scale development of the Urikhtau deposit, including areas of the Eastern and Central Urikhtau: Central Urikhtau is a gas condensate field (GCF), which contains significant reserves of natural gas. In this section of the subsoil, extraction is planned. Currently, according to GCF, Central Urikhtau KMG is developing a feasibility study (feasibility study) of various options for the outbreak of industrial development.
The objects of the Central and East Urikhtau are technologically interconnected, and after the launch of the Central Urikhtau, the subsoil plots will have common infrastructure objects. Project operator – Urikhtau Operation, 100% subsidiary of KMG.
Following the meeting, A. Khasenov instructed the leadership of Urikhtau Operations: to pay special attention to industrial safety, labor protection and environmental issues, as well as ensure measures to achieve planned production at the East Urikhtau field in 2024.
Geological exploration work on Karazhara
According to the company, during a visit to the objects of Kazakhoil Aktobe and Kazakhturkmunay (KTM), the issues of execution of the production program in 2024, compliance with safety safety, labor discipline, labor protection and environment within groups and contracting organizations were considered.
On June 4, 2024, the KMG received a contract for reconnaissance and prey for a promising section of the subsoil Karazhar, the geological resources (P50) of which are 32 million tons.
On June 19, 2024, the KMG transferred the rights of subsoil use by the subsoil section of Karazhar in favor of KTM for the purpose of conducting exploration for the development of the resource base of hydrocarbons.
To date, development is underway:
exploration project;
exploration liquidation project;
technical project for the construction of a search well.
A. Khasenov instructed to start the drilling of a search well with a depth of 3 thousand m until the end of 2024. KMG reports that the KTM for a free basis provides gas with the residents of the village. Zharkamy of the Bayganinsky district of the Aktobe region.
The volume of deliveries is about 4 million m3/year.
The total volume of such supplies from 2007 to 2023 amounted to about 30 million m3 of gaz.
In addition, since 2015, the company transfers excess electricity that is generated at its own power plant for two peasant peasants households of the district.
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 94
|
https://www.ice.it/it/news/notizie-dal-mondo/253875
|
en
|
PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
|
[
"https://www.ice.it/it/themes/custom/ice/logo.png",
"https://www.ice.it/it/themes/custom/ice/logo_flat.png",
"https://www.ice.it/it/themes/custom/ice/images/logo.png",
"https://www.ice.it/it/sites/default/files/cta/9001_IT_col.jpg",
"https://www.ice.it/it/sites/default/files/cta/pagopa-logo-white-sm_0.png",
"https://dc.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=6665529&fmt=gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"ICE",
"Agenzia",
"Commercio estero",
"promozione",
"aziende",
"italia",
"Ice",
"www.ice.it"
] | null |
[] | null |
ICE - Agenzia per la promozione all'estero e l'internazionalizzazione delle imprese italiane organismo attraverso cui il Governo favorisce lo sviluppo delle imprese
|
it
|
/it/themes/custom/ice/favicon.ico
|
https://www.ice.it/it/news/notizie-dal-mondo/253875
|
Kazakhstan government approved oil and gas projects development planThe Government of Kazakhstan has approved a Comprehensive Plan for the development of the largest oil and gas and petrochemical projects in 2023-2027, the press service of the Prime Minister reported.The decree was signed by the country's Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov.The adopted Comprehensive Plan is aimed at implementing 20 significant projects in the oil and gas industry, oil and gas refining, as well as petrochemistry with an expected 37.3 billion dollars investment volume.“In particular, the document provides for the implementation of large oil and gas projects in the Tengiz, Karachaganak and Kashagan fields, aimed at increasing oil production to 105.5 million tonnes and gas to 82.1 billion cubic meters by 2027,” the information says.The document also outlines a plan to double the capacity of the Shymkent oil refinery up to 12 million tonnes by 2029. As a result, the country will produce 18 million tonnes of petroleum products per year.In order to ensure oil supplies to the plant, projects will be implemented to increase the capacity of Kenkiyak - Atyrau oil pipelines from 6 to 15 million tonnes per year and Kenkiyak – Kumkol pipelines - from 10 to 20 million tonnes per year, the press release says.Regarding the petrochemical industry the construction of the first integrated gas and chemical complex for producing polyethylene with a capacity of 1.25 million tonnes with an infrastructure project for gas separation with 9.1 billion cubic meters processing capacity will significantly increase the production volumes of petrochemical products, attract large investments and utilize the full potential of the Tengiz field raw materials.In addition, seven geological exploration and field development projects with a total investment volume of about 10 billion dollars are envisaged.The key projects are the construction and preparation for production at the Kalamkas-Sea and Khazar fields, the development of the Urikhtau gas condensate field, as well as the Karaton-Podsolevoy geological exploration project.According to Minister of National Economy Alibek Kuantyrov, Kazakhstan intends to increase oil production to 102 million tonnes per year in 2024-2028 by speeding up the development of Kashagan, Karachaganak and Tengiz fields. (ICE ALMATY)
Fonte notizia: INTERFAX
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 4
|
https://www.azernews.az/region/228061.html
|
en
|
Chevron and Kazakhstan agreed to work together on new gas fields
|
[
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/15751309",
"https://www.azernews.az/assets/images/logo/logo.svg",
"https://www.azernews.az/media/2024/07/01/49ee6dfc-cc9f-3c38-aa26-4b672a76c476_850.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Azerbaijan",
"SOCAR",
"Baku",
"Turkey",
"oil and gas news",
"politics",
"economy",
"analytics",
"business news",
"financial news",
"company news",
"Breaking News",
"World News",
"AzerNews"
] | null |
[] |
2024-07-01T21:50:00+04:00
|
The Kazakh national company QazaqGaz and the American Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc., signed an agreement on cooperation on exploration work at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe region of Kazakhstan near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields, Azernews reports.
|
en
|
/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png?v=20220612
|
Azernews.Az
|
https://www.azernews.az/region/228061.html
|
By Alimat Aliyeva
The Kazakh national company QazaqGaz and the American Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc., signed an agreement on cooperation on exploration work at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe region of Kazakhstan near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields, Azernews reports.
“Negotiations and technical preparations for this project have been conducted over the past year. At the initial stage, Chevron will re-process existing seismic data and develop technical interpretations. The parties consider the signed agreement as a potential starting point for broader cooperation,” the information says.
"We are pleased to start working with Chevron on new gas fields. It is expected that further exploration and development of a potential gas and gas condensate field at the Zhalibek site in the future will contribute to the development of the resource base of commercial gas and the economic growth of the country," said Sanzhar Zharkeshov, Chairman of the Board of QazaqGaz, quoted in a press release.
QazaqGaz manages the infrastructure for gas transportation through main gas pipelines and gas distribution networks, provides international transit and sells gas on domestic and foreign markets, develops, finances, builds and operates pipelines and gas storage facilities.
---
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 17
|
https://kz.kursiv.media/en/2023-12-08/kazakhstan-wants-to-boost-its-oil-output-by-a-quarter/
|
en
|
Kazakhstan wants to boost its oil output by a quarter
|
[
"https://vk.com/rtrg?p=VK-RTRG-1319564-86nS5",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1371498819954962&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/35588175",
"https://cdn-kz.kursiv.media/wp-content/themes/kursiv/dist/img/image-placeholder.svg",
"https://cdn-kz.kursiv.media/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/14-12-1024x576.jpg",
"https://cdn-kz.kursiv.media/wp-content/themes/kursiv/dist/img/image-placeholder.svg",
"https://counter.yadro.ru/logo?58.6"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Zhanbolat Mamyshev"
] |
2023-12-08T00:00:00
|
Kazakhstan’s cabinet has approved a comprehensive plan for further development of big oil and gas projects in 2023-2027, which implies that the oil output must be boosted from the current 89 million tons per year to 105. 5 million tons by 2027.
|
en
|
https://cdn-kz.kursiv.media/wp-content/themes/kursiv/dist/favicon.ico
|
Kursiv Media Kazakhstan
|
https://kz.kursiv.media/en/2023-12-08/kazakhstan-wants-to-boost-its-oil-output-by-a-quarter/
|
Kazakhstan’s cabinet has approved a comprehensive plan for further development of big oil and gas projects in 2023-2027, which implies that the oil output must be boosted from the current 89 million tons per year to 105.5 million tons by 2027.
«The government of Kazakhstan has approved the comprehensive plan on evolving big oil and gas projects over the period from 2023 to 2027. Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov has signed the corresponding decree. According to this document, the production of oil within fields such as Tengiz, Karachaganak and Kashagan must be increased up to 105.5 million tons of oil and 82.1 cubic meters of gas by 2027,» the press service of the prime minister said in a statement.
In addition, the comprehensive plan also implies the implementation of 20 big projects in the sphere of oil and gas production, oil refinery and petrochemicals with expected investments off $37.3 billion. For instance, the government wants to build new gas-processing plants and implement three big projects in the area of oil refineries. Modernization of the Shymkent refinery by 2029 is the biggest one. The plant is expected to boost its output from six to twelve million tons per year. To provide the facility with additional crude oil, the government will facilitate works on the Kenkiyan-Atyrau and Kenkiyak-Kumkol oil pipelines. Their capacity is expected to be increased from 6 to 15 million tons and from 10 to 20 million tons per year, respectively.
The government also plans to boost Kazakhstan’s petrochemical industry with the help of the construction of the first integrated petrochemical plant designed to produce polyethylene. The plant is going to have a capacity of 1.25 million tons of product per year. It will also include a gas-absorption facility with a capacity of 9.1 billion cubic meters of gas a year. In the sphere of geological exploration, the plan covers seven different projects with total investments of $10 billion. Among the most vital projects in this sphere are the preparation to start production of the Kalamkas-Sea and Khazar oil fields; the development of the Urikhtau gas field and the Karaton-Podsolevoy exploration project.
According to Askhat Khassenov, vice minister of energy of Kazakhstan, the country is about to produce 89 million tons of oil this year compared to a plan of 90.5 million tons.
«There might be some changes. Our initial plan, designed up to the end of 2023, implied that we would produce 90.5 million tons of oil this year. However, over the first eight months of 2023, we fell behind the schedule. If nothing bad happens until the end of the year, we’ll do our best to catch up with the initial plan. We probably won’t reach 90.5 million tons but’ll produce 89 million tons of oil. That’s for sure,» he told reporters.
As the official noted, almost all big oil and gas projects currently conduct maintenance work that can affect their production results. However, if they manage to complete those overhauls earlier by several days, it will help us to bridge the gap between the plan and actual oil output.
«Even one or two days can make a difference. I mean this would help us to boost oil output. In 2023, we were supposed to produce 90.5 million tons of oil but this figure will likely decline to 89 million tons. Yes. The decline is possible,» the vice energy minister emphasized.
Last year, Kazakhstan reported 84.2 million tons of oil compared to 85.7 million tons produced in 2022. On September 23, 2023, Vice Minister of National Economy Azamat Amrin said that the country’s oil output rose by 6.6% from January to August 2023, although he didn’t provide any details in absolute figures. According to the Bureau of National Statistics under the Ministry of National Economy of Kazakhstan, over the first eight months of 2023, the country produced 56.09 million tons of oil and gas condensate.
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 18
|
https://www.kmg.kz/en/press-center/press-releases/pr-KMG-2023/
|
en
|
JSC NC KazMunayGas 2023 Trading Update
|
[
"https://www.kmg.kz/upload/cache_img/1280_1280/iblock/476/kxvasz5fqgu9ahevza3vuulut8vjxxu2/109.webp",
"https://www.kmg.kz/local/templates/main/assets/img/kmg_logo.png",
"https://www.kmg.kz/local/templates/main/assets/img/otinish.svg",
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/47598820"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"JSC NC KazMunayGas"
] |
2024-02-27T00:00:00
|
Joint-stock (JSC) National Company (NC) KazMunayGas (“KMG” or “Company”), Kazakhstan's national oil and gas company, announces its operating full year results for 2023.
|
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
| null |
Joint-stock (JSC) National Company (NC) KazMunayGas (“KMG” or “Company”), Kazakhstan's national oil and gas company, announces its operating full year results for 2023.
Magzum Mirzagaliyev, Chairman of the Management Board of KMG:
“The company successfully continues its strategic course and achieves planned goals, the implementation of which is in the interests of all KMG stakeholders, including shareholders and investors, employees and partners, regions of operations and the country as a whole.
As part of the initiative to increase gas production at operating and exploration assets, we managed to launch three new fields in the reporting year. In May, we launched the Aksai Yuzhny field, in early December the Vostochny Urikhtau field, and completed 2023 with the commissioning of the Rozhkovskoye field.
At the end of November 2023, the deal to acquire a 60% stake from the French TotalEnergies in the Dunga oil and gas field, located in the Mangistau region, was completed. Oil production at the field for the reporting year amounted to 547 thous. tonnes, of which KMG’s share since entering the project is 40 thous. tonnes.
As part of the development of the trans-Caspian international transport route, we have started transporting oil towards Baku and further to the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, through which about 1 mln tonnes were shipped in 2023. Also, as part of the diversification of routes, we began transporting oil through the Atyrau-Samara oil pipeline and further through Transneft pipelines in the direction of Germany. At the end of 2023, we supplied about 1 mln tonnes of oil to Germany.
A significant event in January of the reporting year was the creation of a joint venture with partners from the United Arab Emirates, the Abu Dhabi Ports company, and the acquisition of two tankers Taraz and Liwa with a deadweight of 8 thous. tonnes. They are already involved in transporting Kazakh oil in the Caspian Sea.
Also, among the strategic goals, the Company systematically implements the planned tasks in the field of sustainable development, including its low-carbon development programme. For example, we are completing a feasibility study on the Mirny wind farm project with a capacity of 1 GW with Total Eren. Tender procedures for the selection of a contractor for the construction of facilities are planned for the hybrid power plant with Eni this year."
Highlights for 2023 compared to 2022:
KMG's proven and probable hydrocarbon reserves (2P) increased by 3.7% and amounted to 733 mln tonnes of oil equivalent;
Oil and gas condensate production increased by 6.9% and amounted to 23,532 thous. tonnes;
Oil transportation volumes increased by 7.6% and amounted to 80,359 thous. tonnes;
Hydrocarbons refining volumes at the Kazakh and Romanian refineries amounted to 19,593 thous. tonnes compared to 19,900 thous. tonnes.
2023 (net to KMG) 2022 (net to KMG) % Proved plus Probable (2P), mln. toe 733 707 +3.7% Oil production, thous. tonnes 23,532 22,012 +6.9% Gas production, mln m³ 9,459 8,241 +14.8% Oil transportation, thous. tonnes 80,359 74,658 +7.6% Oil refining, thous. tonnes 19,593 19,900 -1.5%
Operating results are represented in accordance with KMG's ownership interest in joint ventures and associates and 100% of results for consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise stated.
Hydrocarbon reserves
According to reserves report prepared in compliance with international PRMS standards by the international independent firm DeGolyer&MacNaughton, KMG’s proved plus probable hydrocarbon reserves (2P) amounted to 733 mln tonnes of oil equivalent (5,680 mln boe) as of 31 December 2023. Compared to 2022, the level of 2P reserves increased by 3.7%. The growth in indicators was due to the actual measures taken to increase the volume of geological and technical measures, drilling wells and changing development plans aimed at replenishing production at operating assets, as well as clarifying the development plans at Kashagan and Karachaganak fields.
Net reserves under PRMS as of 31 December 2023
Reserves, mln toe 2023 (net to KMG) 2022 (net to KMG) % Proved (1P) 507 486 +4.4% Proved plus Probable (2P) 733 707 +3.7% Proved plus Probable plus Possible (3P) 842 816 +3.3%
Reserves, mln boe 2023 (net to KMG) 2022 (net to KMG) % Proved (1P) 3,943 3,775 +6.7% Proved plus Probable (2P) 5,680 5,478 +3.7% Proved plus Probable plus Possible (3P) 6,502 6,294 +3.3%
Upstream
Oil and gas condensate production volume for 2023 amounted to 23,532 thous. tonnes (486 kbopd) representing an increase of 6.9%. Production volume of associated and natural gas raised by 14.8% to 9,460 mln m³.
Oil and condensate production, thous. tonnes 2023 (net to KMG) 2022 (net to KMG) % OMG 4,877 5,096 -4.3% MMG 3,075 3,049 +0.9% EMG 2,722 2,581 +5.5% Tegniz 5,779 5,836 -1.0% Kashagan1 3,108 1,402 +121.8% Karachaganak 1,086 1,013 +7.1% Others 2,885 3,036 -5.0% Total 23,532 22,012 +6.9%
1 KMG’s share in the project increased to 16.88% after 15 September 2022
Oil production at Tengiz decreased by 1.0% and amounted to 5,779 thous. tonnes (126 kbopd). The decrease in production was due to the suspension of oil intake from the CPC oil intake system during scheduled maintenance of the oil pipeline and shutdowns of the marine terminal due to adverse weather conditions in the fourth quarter of 2023. Associated gas production decreased by 0.9%, and amounted to 3,202 mln m3.
Oil production at Kashagan for the share of KMG amounted to 3,108 thous. tonnes (68 kbopd), showing an increase of 121.8%, gas production amounted to 1,963 mln m3, an increase of 123.8%. The increase in production was mainly due to an increase in KMG's share in the project from 8.44% to 16.88% as a result of the completion of the transaction for the repurchase of a 50% stake in KMG Kashagan BV from Samruk-Kazyna in September 2022, as well as due to the shutdown of production in the summer of 2022 and capital and restoration work repairs of marine and land complexes.
Oil and condensate production at Karachaganak increased by 7.1% and amounted to 1,086 thous. tonnes (23 kbopd). Gas production increased by 15.1% and amounted to 2,239 mln m3. The increase in the possibility of receiving sour gas from the Orenburg Gas Processing Plant led to an increase in oil and condensate production.
The volume of oil and condensate production at operating assets decreased by 1.5% to 13,559 thous. tonnes (269 kbopd). Emergency power outages and capacity limitations by the Mangystau Nuclear Power Plant (MAEK) from July to September of the reporting year significantly affected the decline in production at the Ozenmunaigas fields and a number of other fields. Also, a decrease in production was observed in mature fields as a result of a natural drop in production. At the same time, the decline was partially offset by an increase in oil production at Embamunaigas, where successful geological and technical measures were carried out at mature fields and the Eastern Wing of the S. Nurzhanov field and the UAZ Severnoye were put into development.
In November 2023, the acquisition of KMG from TotalEnergies EP Danmark A/S (a subsidiary of TotalEnergies S.E.) of 100% of shares in the authorized capital of Total E&P Dunga GmbH, which owns the right of subsurface use in the Dunga project, was completed. Thus, KMG's share in the Dunga subsoil use project became 60%. The Dunga oil and gas field is located in the Tupkaragan district of the Mangystau region. The deposit was discovered in 1966. Geological reserves amount to 93 mln tonnes of oil and more than 7 bln cubic meters of gas.
Three gas projects were launched in the reporting year. On May 10, 2023, Kazgermunai began supplying gas from the Aksai Yuzhny field. The field is being developed by Kazgermunai, where JSC NC KazMunaiGas owns 50%.
On November 29 of the reporting year, Urikhtau Operating, with 100% KMG participation, commissioned the East Urikhtau field, which was the first in the Republic of Kazakhstan to use the Improved Model Contract.
On December 21, 2023, Ural Oil and Gas, 50% of which belongs to KMG, put into commercial operation the Rozhkovskoye gas condensate field in the West Kazakhstan region.
Midstream
The total volume of oil trunk pipelines and sea transportation increased by 7.6% to 80,359 thous. tonnes.
Oil transportation1, thous. tonnes 2023 (100%) 2023 (net to KMG) 2022 (net to KMG) % Oil transportation1, thous. tonnes 2023 (100%) 2023 (net to KMG) 2022 (net to KMG) % KazTransOil 44,188 44,188 40,656 +8.7% Kazakhstan-China Pipeline 18,806 9,403 9,618 -2.2% MunaiTas2 5,527 2,819 2,859 -1.4% Caspian Pipeline Consortium 63,474 13,171 12,183 +8.1% Kazmortransflot 10,778 10,778 9,343 +15.4% Total - 80,359 74,658 +7.6% 1 Part of the volume of oil can be transported by two or three pipeline companies, and correspondingly these volumes are counted more than once in the consolidated volume of oil transportation. 2 MunaiTas is an equity-consolidated joint venture and transportation volumes are quoted at a 51% ownership interest.
The volume of oil transportation through trunk pipelines increased by 6.5% and amounted to 69,581 thous. tonnes. The growth is due to an increase in the transportation of oil for export through the KazTransOil system towards Germany, the shipment of oil through the port of Aktau in the direction of Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan, as well as an increase in the delivery of oil from the Kashagan field to the CPC system.
The total volume of offshore oil transportation in the reporting year increased by 15.4% to 10,778 thous. tonnes. The increase in transportation volumes was mainly due to an increase in the export of Kazakh oil along the route Aktau port - Baku port and further along the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline.
Trading
Sales volumes of KMG's own produced oil and gas condensate increased by 7.1% and amounted to 23,695 thous. tonnes, of which 64.9% was exported.
Supplies of own produced oil and gas condensate volumes to cover the needs of the domestic market amounted to 8,311 thous. tonnes, including deliveries of crude oil from operating assets (Ozenmunaigas, Embamunaigas, Kazakhturkmunai and Urikhtau Operating) in the amount of 4,980 thous. tonnes to Atyrau, Pavlodar and Shymkent refineries for further oil refining and sales of oil products.
Downstream
Hydrocarbon refining, thous. tonnes1 2023 (net to KMG) 2022 (net to KMG) % Atyrau refinery 5,475 5,224 +4.8% Pavlodar refinery 5,434 5,480 -0.9% Shymkent refinery 2,870 3,103 -7.5% Caspi Bitum 427 461 -7.4% Petromidia 5,012 5,258 -4.7% Vega 374 373 +0.4% Total 19,593 19,900 -1.5% 1Shymkent refinery and Caspi Bitum refining volumes are indicated at a share of 50%, other refineries — 100%.
The total volume of hydrocarbon processing compared to the same period in 2022 decreased by 1.5% and amounted to 19,593 thous. tonnes:
The volume of hydrocarbon refining at Kazakh refineries decreased by 0.4% and amounted to 14,206 thous. tonnes. The reduction in processing occurred mainly at the Shymkent refinery due to a decrease in load in the middle of the reporting year on the back of unscheduled repairs of the heat exchanger at the catalytic reforming and catalyst regeneration plant. The increase in refining volumes at the Atyrau refinery partially offset the decrease in the volumes at the Shymkent refinery.
The refining volume at KMG International's plants (Petromidia, Vega) in Romania decreased by 4.3% and amounted to 5,387 thous. tonnes. The reduction in the volume of processing occurred after the incident at the soft hydrocracking plant in mid-summer 2023. Restoration work continues at the facility, the completion of which has been postponed to the end of the first quarter of 2024, due to the large volume of repair work on the restoration of reactors related to ensuring the integrity of equipment and further safe operation of the facility.
The volume of production of oil products at Kazakh and Romanian refineries decreased by 2.7% and amounted to 18,138 thous. tonnes:
Kazakhstani refineries produced 12,951 thous. tonnes of oil products, which is 1.3% less than the same period in 2022 due to a decrease in load at the Shymkent refinery;
KMG International refineries (Petromidia, Vega) produced 5.3% less of oil products with total production of 5,221 thous. tonnes compared to 5,512 thous. tonnes year-on-year.
For further information, please visit kmg.kz
Contacts: Email: ir@kmg.kz, Tel: +7 7172 78 64 34
About JSC National Company KazMunayGas:
JSC National Company KazMunayGas (KMG) is Kazakhstan's leading vertically integrated oil and gas company, operating assets across the entire production cycle from the exploration and production of hydrocarbons to transportation, refining and specialized services. Established in 2002, the company represents Kazakhstan’s interests in the national oil and gas industry.
KMG’s main assets are as follows:
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 6
|
https://timesca.com/four-new-gas-processing-plants-to-be-commissioned-in-kazakhstan/
|
en
|
Four New Gas Processing Plants to be Commissioned in Kazakhstan
|
[
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Hamburger-button-01.webp",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Icon.png",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Icon.png",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/new_timeca_TC_C.svg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/new_timeca_TC_C.svg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Hamburger-button-01.webp",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/new_timeca_TC_C.svg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/new_timeca_TC_C.svg",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b899763bd4ba8241d9ffc5baac1a67d2?s=32&d=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesca.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F12%2FNo-photo-author.png&r=g",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/photo_2024-07-18-16.04.26.jpeg",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7f513bb681e0adebea6f6925ea497cd5?s=64&d=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesca.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F12%2FNo-photo-author.png&r=g",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/iStock-458225919-1024x683.jpg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/photo_2024-08-08-15.40.50-1024x576.jpeg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/photo_2024-07-25-15.45.11-1024x683.jpeg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/photo_2024-07-24-16.13.05.jpeg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/pQLKutUGhqIMzWX6BTYF.jpg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/photo_2024-07-19-15.04.44-1024x576.jpeg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/photo_2024-07-17-13.31.13-1024x666.jpeg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/photo_2024-07-17-12.39.42-1024x576.jpeg",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/TCA-bottom-piece.png",
"https://c.statcounter.com/13009764/0/06c658e8/1/",
"https://timesca.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Send-a-confidential-news-tip-1.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Times of Central Asia"
] |
2024-07-18T11:28:47+00:00
|
Four new gas processing plants will be gradually operated in Kazakhstan until 2030. According to the Ministry of Energy forecasts, the volume of marketable
|
en
|
The Times Of Central Asia
|
https://timesca.com/four-new-gas-processing-plants-to-be-commissioned-in-kazakhstan/
|
Four new gas processing plants will be gradually operated in Kazakhstan until 2030. According to the Ministry of Energy forecasts, the volume of marketable gas production in Kazakhstan will steadily grow from 22.5 billion cubic meters in 2023 to 36.6 billion cubic meters by 2030.
To attract investment in the exploration and development of new gas fields, QazaqGaz and Chevron signed an agreement on joint implementation of geological exploration works at the Zhalibek area in the Aktobe region. The Road Map aims to increase the resource base of marketable gas. In 2023, the Rozhkovskoye, Urikhtau Vostochny, and Anabai fields, which have total recoverable gas reserves of 35.5 billion cubic meters, were put into commercial operation.
Four gas processing plants are planned for commissioning from 2026 to 2030: two at the Kashagan field with annual capacities of 1 and 2.5 billion cubic meters (Qatari investor UCC Holding was involved), one at the Karachaganak field with a capacity of 4 billion cubic meters per year, and KazGPZ in Zhanaozen with a capacity of 900 mln cubic meters per year.
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 61
|
https://centralasianlight.org/news/kazakhstan-to-begin-gas-production-at-3-new-fields-in-4-years/
|
en
|
Kazakhstan to begin gas production at 3 new fields in 4 years
|
[
"https://centralasianlight.org/upload/cal.png",
"https://centralasianlight.org/upload/cross.svg",
"https://centralasianlight.org/site/assets/files/16870/c4.730x0.jpg",
"https://centralasianlight.org/site/assets/files/17748/c6.95x80.jpg",
"https://centralasianlight.org/site/assets/files/17746/c4.95x80.jpg",
"https://centralasianlight.org/site/assets/files/17744/c2.95x80.jpg",
"https://centralasianlight.org/site/assets/files/17740/c3.95x80.jpg",
"https://centralasianlight.org/site/assets/files/17739/c2.95x80.jpg",
"https://centralasianlight.org/site/assets/files/17735/c5.95x80.jpg",
"https://centralasianlight.org/site/assets/files/17726/c1.95x80.jpg",
"https://centralasianlight.org/site/assets/files/17724/c4.95x80.jpg",
"https://centralasianlight.org/site/assets/files/17721/c1.95x80.jpg",
"https://centralasianlight.org/site/assets/files/17719/c5.95x80.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
zh
|
/icon/apple-icon-57x57.png
| null |
The state company of Kazakhstan, "KazMunayGas," plans to increase natural gas production to 6.7 billion cubic meters per year by 2030 by launching new deposits, Vlast.kz reports.
"KazMunayGas is developing a gas strategy within which it plans to increase natural gas production to 6.7 billion cubic meters per year by 2030 (excluding major projects such as Tengiz, Karachaganak, and Kashagan)," the statement says.
In 2024, the operation of three new fields started: Aksai South, East Urikhtau, and Rozhkovskoye. In the next 3-4 years, production is planned to commence at the Central Urikhtau field, which is expected to yield around 1 billion cubic meters of gas per year. In 2027, the West Proval and Kalamkas fields are scheduled to start production, with an anticipated gas extraction volume of 1.1 billion cubic meters per year.
Additionally, 12 promising geological exploration projects and projects for further exploration of existing fields are being developed jointly with international companies.
CentralasianLIGHT.org
January 5, 2024
|
||||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 78
|
https://www.ice.it/it/news/notizie-dal-mondo/253875
|
en
|
PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
|
[
"https://www.ice.it/it/themes/custom/ice/logo.png",
"https://www.ice.it/it/themes/custom/ice/logo_flat.png",
"https://www.ice.it/it/themes/custom/ice/images/logo.png",
"https://www.ice.it/it/sites/default/files/cta/9001_IT_col.jpg",
"https://www.ice.it/it/sites/default/files/cta/pagopa-logo-white-sm_0.png",
"https://dc.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=6665529&fmt=gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"ICE",
"Agenzia",
"Commercio estero",
"promozione",
"aziende",
"italia",
"Ice",
"www.ice.it"
] | null |
[] | null |
ICE - Agenzia per la promozione all'estero e l'internazionalizzazione delle imprese italiane organismo attraverso cui il Governo favorisce lo sviluppo delle imprese
|
it
|
/it/themes/custom/ice/favicon.ico
|
https://www.ice.it/it/news/notizie-dal-mondo/253875
|
Kazakhstan government approved oil and gas projects development planThe Government of Kazakhstan has approved a Comprehensive Plan for the development of the largest oil and gas and petrochemical projects in 2023-2027, the press service of the Prime Minister reported.The decree was signed by the country's Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov.The adopted Comprehensive Plan is aimed at implementing 20 significant projects in the oil and gas industry, oil and gas refining, as well as petrochemistry with an expected 37.3 billion dollars investment volume.“In particular, the document provides for the implementation of large oil and gas projects in the Tengiz, Karachaganak and Kashagan fields, aimed at increasing oil production to 105.5 million tonnes and gas to 82.1 billion cubic meters by 2027,” the information says.The document also outlines a plan to double the capacity of the Shymkent oil refinery up to 12 million tonnes by 2029. As a result, the country will produce 18 million tonnes of petroleum products per year.In order to ensure oil supplies to the plant, projects will be implemented to increase the capacity of Kenkiyak - Atyrau oil pipelines from 6 to 15 million tonnes per year and Kenkiyak – Kumkol pipelines - from 10 to 20 million tonnes per year, the press release says.Regarding the petrochemical industry the construction of the first integrated gas and chemical complex for producing polyethylene with a capacity of 1.25 million tonnes with an infrastructure project for gas separation with 9.1 billion cubic meters processing capacity will significantly increase the production volumes of petrochemical products, attract large investments and utilize the full potential of the Tengiz field raw materials.In addition, seven geological exploration and field development projects with a total investment volume of about 10 billion dollars are envisaged.The key projects are the construction and preparation for production at the Kalamkas-Sea and Khazar fields, the development of the Urikhtau gas condensate field, as well as the Karaton-Podsolevoy geological exploration project.According to Minister of National Economy Alibek Kuantyrov, Kazakhstan intends to increase oil production to 102 million tonnes per year in 2024-2028 by speeding up the development of Kashagan, Karachaganak and Tengiz fields. (ICE ALMATY)
Fonte notizia: INTERFAX
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 77
|
https://kazservice.kz/en/info/faces_en/outlook-for-gas-growth/
|
en
|
Kazservice
|
[
"https://kazservice.kz/bitrix/templates/aspro-allcorp_new/themes/color7/images/logo.png",
"https://kazservice.kz/upload/resize_cache/iblock/574/325_230_2/Магзум Мирзагалиев CMYK.JPG",
"https://kazservice.kz/upload/resize_cache/iblock/746/325_230_2/новая CMYK.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Официальный сайт ОЮЛ Союза нефтесервисных компаний Казахстана
|
/en/favicon.ico
|
Kazservice
|
https://kazservice.kz/en/info/faces_en/outlook-for-gas-growth/
|
In the medium run, Kazakhstan intends to strike and commission both new and suspended gas fields. The infrastructure of gas distribution among the regions is expected to expand further, which will reduce coal consumption and benefit the environment. By 2030, Kazakhstan will cut its air pollutant emissions by 60 to 70 thousand tons per year, preliminary estimated. Magzum MIRZAGALIYEV, Vice-Minister of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, will give us an insight into the development of the national gas sector and the current construction status of the Saryarka gas pipeline.
Could you please share the Ministry’s plans for bolstering the gas supply infrastructure in Central and Northern Kazakhstan?
The country witnesses a dynamic growth of gas consumption. To date, utility gas is accessible to 49.68% of the country’s population or about 9 million people. At year-end 2018, this indicator increased by 511,769 people. That way, we are working towards the strategic objective of stable supply of the domestic market with our own gas. Natural gas is delivered to 11 of the country’s 17 regions. However, the gas distribution infrastructure in Central and Northern Kazakhstan is still missing. In this regard, the head of state instructed us to build the Saryarka main gasline (Stage I, Kyzylorda-Astana Section) along the route Kyzylorda—Zhezkazgan—Karaganda—Temirtau—Astana. Thus we will make sure the population in the Central and Northern regions, including Astana, has access to gas.
To be specific, the pipeline construction will gradually distribute natural gas to 171 settlements (Astana, 119 in Karaganda Region and 51 in Akmola Region) along its route. Moreover, the number of new production facilities that use natural gas are expected to grow. 1,690 jobs will be created during the construction phase. The operational period will give rise to about 200 work positions. The shift to gas consumption in the Central and Northern regions will benefit the environment in Zhezkazgan, Karaganda, Temirtau and Astana, as well as replace coal heating. According to preliminary estimates, the level of air pollutant emissions will decrease by 60,000 to 70,000 tons per year by 2030.
What is the planned timeframe to run the Saryarka pipeline? What will be the consumption volume and how will industrial and civil gas supply be distributed?
As scheduled, the first phase construction of the Saryarka pipeline is to be completed in December 2019. The design, construction and phased commissioning of gas grids to be connected to the pipeline will start in 2019 and go further as funds are allocated by investors as well as the national and local budgets.
As specified in the project’s feasibility study, the annual consumption volume in Astana, Karaganda, Akmola Regions will be about 805 million cubic meters in 2025; in 2030, it will be as high as around 1.5 billion cubic meters per year. More accurate figures will be known when the design and estimate documentation for the gas infrastructure development in settlements along the Saryarka pipeline route is finally elaborated. In Astana, hot water boilers at CHPs 1, 2 and 3 will be supplied with gas in the first place.
Who will supply gas for the Saryarka pipeline? Is Karachaganak, being a gas-condensate field, a major gas supplier or will there be any swaps? What is the scheme of obtaining gas for the gas branch?
KazTransGas JSC, the national operator in the area of gas and gas supply, is engaged in wholesales of commercial gas in the domestic market for each region, city of national status and the capital.
The construction project of the Saryarka pipeline envisages to supply gas from the cluster of fields located in Western Kazakhstan (Karachaganak, Kashagan, Tengiz, Zhanazhol and Urikhtau) by connecting to the existing main pipeline Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent in Kyzylorda region.
Could you please mention the investment amount? Where do the national interests lie in this project?
In August 2018, the State Commission for Economic Modernization approved and accepted the following financing scheme for the construction of the Saryarka pipeline: Samruk-Kazyna Fund and national holding Baiterek replenished the charter capital owned by the project company, AstanaGaz KMG, by 80.3 billion tenge (40,15 billion tenge each); 102 billion tenge were borrowed from the Eurasian Development Bank (51 billion tenge) and the Development Bank of Kazakhstan (51 billion tenge); Unified Accumulative Pension Fund JSC (UAPF) invested retirement assets in AstanaGaz KMG bonds to the amount of 85 billion tenge.
In August 2018, the State Commission for the Economic Modernization reviewed and approved the above scheme and terms of the project financing, including the use of anti-crisis funds and raising funds of UAPF JSC. In October last year, the project company’s charter capital was replenished, and in December the second part of the financing was performed with the use of UAPF JSC funds. The rest of the funds from the Development Bank of Kazakhstan and the Eurasian Development Bank is planned to be received in May-June 2019.
Please share the Ministry’s vision on the further development of the gas industry. Will new gas fields be stricken? What are the prospects for the application of gas produced at Kashagan?
Today, the gas sector in Kazakhstan and in the world is one of the most dynamically developing industries, as compared to oil and coal. Expanding opportunities of gas usage will put it and alternative energetics on a par with the main energy sources in the future.
Kazakhstan boasts the world’s 22nd and CIS’ 3rd largest gas reserves (after Russia and Turkmenistan). The approved recoverable reserves amount to 4 trillion cubic meters, including 2.2 trillion cubic meters of associated and 1.8 trillion cubic meters of non-associated gas.
During the years of independence, the level of gas production has increased more than six times, amounting to 55.5 billion cubic meters in 2018. In 2018, the main share of gas production was ensured by the following large fields: Karachaganak—34%, Tengiz—28% and Kashagan—14%.
The prospects for Kazakhstan’s gas industry are promising. In the medium-term, we plan to complete the formation of the EAEU (Eurasian Economic Union) common gas market and expand the opportunities for mutual gas trade by 2025.
By 2030, according to the general scheme, the share of the population having access to natural gas will grow from the current 49.68% to 56%.
In 2019, the liquefied gas market will be gradually deregulated. Sales will be implemented on electronic trading platforms. Given the high level of investment activity in the oil and gas sector, both new and suspended gas fields are expected to be stricken and put into operation in the medium run.
Among gas fields, the following ones can be noted: the Shagyrly-Shomyshty field (KazAzot LLP) with an annual gas production of 1 billion cubic meters, Sarybulak (Tarbagatai Munai LLP) with 505 million cubic meters, Amangeldy (AmangeldyGaz LLP) with 360 million cubic meters and Kzyloi (TetisAralGaz LLP) with 153 million cubic meters. All the gas produced in these fields will be upgraded to commercial quality and sold to consumers, except for a small amount to be inevitably burned and used for own technological needs.
The gas produced at Kashagan is planned to be used to increase the commercial gas volume to 2.4 to 2.6 billion cubic meters per year. Also, we are currently considering options for marketing of liquefied gas as a commodity product in the domestic market according to the Production Sharing Agreement.
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 22
|
http://mergersandacquisitionreviewcom.blogspot.com/2011_02_24_archive.html
|
en
|
Oil and Gas - Mergers and Acquisition Review
|
http://mergersandacquisitionreviewcom.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
|
http://mergersandacquisitionreviewcom.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
|
[
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-5THiqwL9GoaU-4FjcnVUWlQkNU1XBQYO28DNMqKJ2OiwU8R0f6zXvzrUT546orM9vpXWGGhdWMQIOx8NCIkTMl3YPVhHg9H4D9jhyphenhyphenYXn-R1AnXrA4I1aacD-M7461rjXw0Q78lVcTq4/s640/Map+1.jpg",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgznTjlhhUYYE-1gBjSLynBLu09QZ_tZ3KqHcdNJB54rUX1cmENh9b5K5X67nWnVQNx98JRFEWaIuJFLSvyidvdbk6uYDJMU9vQOqMfkom_MI7_5X0B9Ie1RRuXUn7kpacqgytbwLimyN8/s640/Blog+-+24+Feb+2011-1.JPG",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYCHtEr0Oa2QK9PWL8dlcjTRYAjMZLUiO9oJJK08Qj2b4ZFukfp5ZqunL6TzO0QtxVPPtUNgaCJ2SlKyQtrW8lpY0-n-MfULagHoid26lDydy2gdChA66jJMHapb1WLbB2TzrxWj9Q4is/s640/Blog+-+24+Feb+2011+-+2.JPG",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiQbrr27IoC6ma-OpjjvuNLwdiS9rIEZ6pUNijnVUJwVLM-F6Dc65zefLZlSxO_xYx1E-E3Dci34WLMwXV4VAxPiqITKRmN3-51S0uYLZPo5KL3yOThc9SPJiNIgyhctMs5WDr9xdZRno/s640/Blog+-+24+Feb+2011+-+3.JPG",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW2u1voI0TS3RGdoteFKZc9RHxbmoGPUUhukA0tMCol5JVRvZfVrh1x-IECv_OdLAvB3Ofxh0riY5VcTPOswib1yFVPHn0yjhs6iZX4jFTvCa9apedAETOwOBxp0F89wN_LANHG1Cq_r8/s640/Permian+lead.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgskhukXr5y9muMQm2Jy-XA2iNTGvLUCC4PNtp2LRR_Ph1oIDrow075xMplLO0Ejiry9O1W_FpJCqjuxoUPGAdt_L6ZLv5_ijKxkZU2cE3-wgM0uHV41ajmgMQE77RuvbbSN37Rc0E4iyU/s640/Statoil+GoM.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif",
"http://www.linkwithin.com/pixel.png",
"http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-s6594FMbOlI/TeChHeZ-pMI/AAAAAAAAACc/1DDRBMk0SJg/s150/Logo.jpg",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-netvibes.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-yahoo.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-netvibes.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-yahoo.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH9af8z5qY32WbTWiskzjLurbfXdgi09DJ0Ktt_ajTq4chAWP9ERz3C9bQ7cjNBh8NEr-V8tcy96VcH5qlgVpsQXET3No3qWe90kl1CPbY9PqJyXZPkhQYZtU3trPcT9EYVLWzRjZI1MI/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/Map.jpg",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_sbxvUCDr7zkN22mL9UbQuBdIfWHSFn1NONbWycMjRWP9lgOp8KFsw44iE0ZYRSmVAOpRN9fmIZ-oPYQaiYoTV4QSJ_zsf6KmaSah-Rri1CcNgxzxFBWHSWpaNUb1t15_WQOUQZ3J9TarvGpro=w72-h72-p-k-no-nu",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvBEME2E58DH08MKsI6_Ls4RX58uwxl3NRaY-aQlJhhU4uVtaPtFyJky9c2_dbBaG2ETeYQLCm2Bq6qmRQLTpscpiO56Hhh5QO3TIu7I0gMjraCXwXc7GvALEJBDk7NvUZmsVPMPb0BkQ/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/END-Divestiture.JPG",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdXSKeIiNZj1NQ8eT8i0oPCCZQZKc_YOEqGMNcvxpgGL7kGPo7e2vcg8LnRxWVJ84Bn2tPo87_4C7RL1e32CU2r_Y21yi1VDCWrXHhuNNK_zPhoKYr_DMK0uMBm_qg7VVIia7ZZTc-58Y/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/untitled.JPG",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj-1EJ46ydgSZgoayBCnCtEowS19xtOPbP6Ie1LY1Cdv-j9Agj_gnl5MUNWvHXfXPXw5G0JwG45VAysxgycMvT0O7H95eSkanEkkLSoLyHLLJkwbRL_WFIpi0H-D3Ql1cEE4rMIci6snw/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/114707.JPG",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_mkfDj4QA4715iQDT233Mt_frcsNBvv08alJe5MsWERWVTBBtvypdX3TwbHEL5aJlscxFp-iwKCHLRShKTF0DNqc0l6iL34XAdiU1N72GxOoC4rI-CBH-5WnoZtP0frBpWDDWuQKJfoI/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/BG1.JPG",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgiKZYMnLB8RBV488v5Rw0HM-Zl2m64k2KVfw6COiIIjgx6BnAw9qt_xsBgGU2LApBB0wa-eZQLacbM1SkrjokKEWRIVQIc3p_gewx3JFkYf4W8s0Y2GMT9iPBUHxwtSZDY9XdYZN9lc4/w72-h72-p-k-no-nu/Map.jpg",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_tB7A8Jwvb71Rvn4ZStjHFgYJ3gBBQQCpBTgSEDHB6mmktA33yDnoMeWmR_IKxFOTkxbhp7QLfC0ALtXIIFML04Ou9JtcVQLPoa4qo7y-SJINr7FLfiVo4rQl6uhnk395VyHHBIWv-koZWqEwg=w72-h72-p-k-no-nu",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_v5xKP3QOF5d3_75c8lYo5wcuo2n_4CMzBD2MR0UtOR5EXP9x12Q1UtZwllTUpUQG3-b9lZ32SQdazWbmvLmK7R-6WsGh53Jfj8MoUYIQL6xlTFQkYVUZMv3Fbwql7jX1jrBPvsn9AxlGaBS-5OuaGiDBM=w72-h72-p-k-no-nu"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Anitha Bharathi",
"Sanjay Samuel",
"Rupesh Govindan"
] | null |
en
|
http://mergersandacquisitionreviewcom.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
|
http://mergersandacquisitionreviewcom.blogspot.com/2011_02_24_archive.html
| |||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 20
|
https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/96578/
|
en
|
KazMunayGas, China's CGGC could build gas processing plant at Urikhtau field
|
[
"https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/84702142",
"https://interfax.com/img/repost-twitter.png",
"https://interfax.com/img/repost-insta.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
/img/favicon/favicon.ico
| null |
ASTANA. Nov 16 (Interfax) - KazMunayGas (KMG) and China Gezhouba Group Company Limited (CGGC) could build gas processing plant at the Urikhtau field in Kazakhstan's Aktobe region.
KMG Deputy CEO Serikkali Brekeshev held a meeting with CGGC Vice President Yinqi Deng at which they discussed prospects for cooperation in KMG's projects, KMG said in a press release.
"In particular, they discussed construction of a gas processing plant at the Urikhtau field, implementation of sludge separation technology at the fields of KazMunayGas subsidiaries, renewable energy sources as necessary to achieve the low-carbon policy goals and other issues," the press release says.
|
|||||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
2
| 7
|
https://arecklessventure.wordpress.com/book-review-the-demolished-man-by-alfred-bester/
|
en
|
Book Review: The Demolished Man by Alfred Bester
|
http://www.sfreviews.com/graphics/Alfred%20Bester_1953_The%20Demolished%20Man.jpg
|
http://www.sfreviews.com/graphics/Alfred%20Bester_1953_The%20Demolished%20Man.jpg
|
[
"https://arecklessventure.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/cropped-new-picture-e1429817421453.png",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.sfreviews.com/graphics/Alfred%20Bester_1953_The%20Demolished%20Man.jpg",
"https://arecklessventure.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/3a035-alfredbesterconcretepoetry1.gif?w=320&h=203",
"https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png",
"https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2015-12-27T03:35:49+00:00
|
Alfred Bester is an odd landmark in science fiction history. On one hand he’s indisputably a pulp author who put a heavy emphasis on pacing and excitement. On the other his experiments with typography and form prefigured New Wave Science Fiction and are occasionally credited with birthing the movement. He was a white man writing in…
|
en
|
https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico
|
A Reckless Venture
|
https://arecklessventure.wordpress.com/book-review-the-demolished-man-by-alfred-bester/
|
Alfred Bester is an odd landmark in science fiction history. On one hand he’s indisputably a pulp author who put a heavy emphasis on pacing and excitement. On the other his experiments with typography and form prefigured New Wave Science Fiction and are occasionally credited with birthing the movement. He was a white man writing in the 1950s, so when describing a black woman’s skin color in The Stars my Destination he uses the word “negro” (which is unacceptable in modern culture but at the time was considered the “proper” way to say “black person”) but the actual character is independent, intelligent and holds a respectable job as a hospital worker who rehabilitates accident victims.
It’s Bester’s contradictions that make him so fascinating to watch, even when he’s not entirely successful. However good he is (or however bad he became after his hiatus), in his prime Bester was always delivering an experience that was somehow unique and strange. Case in point: The Demolished Man, a Freudian thriller.
In the 24th century, where a small fraction of humanity has developed telepathic powers, corporate executive Ben Reich is being out-competed by a rival company. Desperate to hold onto his power, Reich decides to murder the opposing CEO and take control of the market by force. The problem is that, thanks to the presence of telepaths in the populace, there hasn’t been a successful premeditated murder for 70 years. Armed with only his wits, a telepathic partner-in-crime and a very catchy tune Reich must cheat a seemingly flawless system and win a battle of wits with the police prefect, Lincoln Powell, one of the most powerful telepaths in the solar system.
It’s a great premise for a suspense story, but the execution is not what you’d expect. If you don’t have at least a passing familiarity with Freudian psychology then the book will make very little sense to you because the characters’ traits and behaviors are written for the express purpose of being in line with Freud’s theories. It’s similar to a magic system except instead of deciding which spells a character can cast it determines what a character does and how they behave.
It’s an interesting concept, but in some ways it’s the book’s main issue. In theory there isn’t a reason why one can’t change the psychological system by which characters operate in the same way that one changes a setting or, again, a magic system. In practice, however, tampering with character psychology means altering the system that has allowed works of fiction to function for the past millennia. If characters’ behaviors and traits don’t obey the psychological system that all people operate by then it becomes difficult to sympathize or get invested in their struggles (which is not to say that characters have to reflect the audience’s opinions). Some writers choose to take this to its extreme and create characters who are so utterly alien that they fascinate rather than endear, but Bester does not go this far, and so his characters are stuck in a limbo where they come off as strange but in a contrived way rather than a natural one. Then again, Bester’s strong suit is not psychology, which under him tended to be slapdash even when he wasn’t evoking Freud. Probably because he didn’t care about making sure everything lined up from one chapter to the next.
Bester’s approach to worldbuilding seems to be taking everything that he thought might be cool or help the plot and cramming it into this story with wanton disregard for consistency. People who obsess over inconsistencies and plot holes in fiction might end up frustrated by Bester, but I appreciate that in his universe there’s always an interesting idea just around the corner, which complements the breakneck pace very well. Even when he’s contradicting what he established previously he’s still delivering an exciting story.
There are some truly standout sequences in this book, even if the pace is too quick to tell the terrifying and claustrophobic tale that the premise implies. The writing can get a bit repetitive because the book was originally serialized—each chapter was a stand-alone story and the book is simply a collection of them—but on the whole Bester’s writing is every bit as precise and laconic as I’ve come to expect from him (I wouldn’t have it any other way). It’s a thrilling and strange mystery novel that at times even manages to be funny, but I must say that it loses steam by the end thanks to a twist ending that will come off as either absurd or lackluster depending on how much you buy into the setting’s Freudian cosmology and an unconvincing philosophical conclusion. The story is wrapped up a bit too neatly where an open-ended conclusion would have been preferable.
And now an obligatory comment about the book’s gender politics.
In this respect the book hasn’t aged particularly well. There’s nothing outright insulting in the book’s portrayal of women, but it’s not what I’d call “progressive,” either. Some of this might be attributable to the book’s Freudian themes and feminist icons in the 1950s aging poorly (I’m just guessing; I haven’t done research into the matter) but coming to this from The Stars my Destination was disappointing.
Ultimately, for all its merits, The Demolished Man falls short of the high mark Bester set for himself with The Stars my Destination. It isn’t as tight, the ending isn’t nearly as good and Bester’s famed experiments aren’t as fascinating here. Bester’s attempts to portray telepathic conversations through designs created entirely out of words (right) is interesting, but even if it’s a more complex technique than anything he did in Stars it’s still not as memorable as the chapter where Bester uses changing font sizes and arrangement of letters in order to show a character experiencing synesthesia.
After all that, however, I do recommend The Demolished Man. It’s a weird, fun and exciting little book that I appreciate in part because it’s well-constructed but also because it’d be very difficult to find anything like it in any medium.
|
||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
3
| 16
|
https://sffremembrance.com/2022/08/20/serial-review-the-demolished-man-by-alfred-bester-part-3-3/
|
en
|
Serial Review: The Demolished Man by Alfred Bester (Part 3/3)
|
[
"https://sffremembrance.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/galmar1952.jpg?w=442",
"https://external-preview.redd.it/HSjXS6tuQkADhWNxgmknCnpishE5iLjkYqAmbCkws7o.jpg?auto=webp&s=76117ee4f0ce9cc3a4ba13b182d800cfba849896",
"https://sffremembrance.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/cropped-a1whsjvdqcl-2.jpg?w=32",
"https://sffremembrance.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/cropped-a1whsjvdqcl-2.jpg?w=50",
"https://sffremembrance.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/cropped-a1whsjvdqcl-2.jpg?w=50",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/dyIilW_eBjc?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2022-08-20T00:00:00
|
(Cover by Richard Arbib. Galaxy, March 1952.) Who Goes There? We've come to the final part of Alfred Bester's debut novel, The Demolished Man. Bester arrived to novel-writing late, already being deep in his 30s when his debut was serialized, and truth be told, he wasn't much of a novelist; he only wrote a handful…
|
en
|
Science Fiction & Fantasy Remembrance
|
https://sffremembrance.com/2022/08/20/serial-review-the-demolished-man-by-alfred-bester-part-3-3/
|
Who Goes There?
We’ve come to the final part of Alfred Bester’s debut novel, The Demolished Man. Bester arrived to novel-writing late, already being deep in his 30s when his debut was serialized, and truth be told, he wasn’t much of a novelist; he only wrote a handful of novels in his lifetime, and his first two remain by far the most famous. Like some of his contemporaries, (Theodore Sturgeon, C. M. Kornbluth), Bester hit a remarkable stride in the ’50s, starting with “Oddy and Id” in 1950 and ending with “The Pi Man” in 1959. I have to assume the broadening of the SF market in the early ’50s, namely the premieres of Galaxy Science Fiction and The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, coaxed Bester back to genre writing, after a near-decade-long break from the field.
Placing Coordinates
Do I really need to tell you? Part 3 of The Demolished Man was published in the March 1952 issue of Galaxy, and yes, it’s on the Archive.
What strikes me about this particular issue of Galaxy is that there are at least two stories here that not only come off stronger than the serial, but give a more accurate impression of what the newfangled magazine was all about. Yeah, I’m letting you know this early on that I wasn’t a big fan of the conclusion to Bester’s novel, but I would still recommend checking out the issue it appears in. We get a certified hood classic from Robert Heinlein with his novelette “The Year of the Jackpot” (the subject of one of Galaxy‘s first great covers imo) and we also get a pretty funny outing from Damon Knight with “Catch That Martian.” Early Galaxy is so good that it’s honestly hard to go wrong.
Enhancing Image
You may recall that last time on The Demolished Man, we get two twists for the price of one, one of them interesting, the other horrendous. When searching the depths of Barbara D’Courtney’s unconscious, once she’s taken into the safety of his home, Preston Powell discovers that not only are Barbara and Ben Reich related in some way (implicitly connected to the late Craye D’Courtney, whom Reich had murdered), but that Barbara (who, keep in mind, is consciously at the mental level of a toddler at this point) has a big crush on Powell—which Powell reciprocates.
The horror…
Much of Part 3 concerns Reich’s last-ditch attempt to evade Powell, who knows he had committed murder but can’t prove it objectively. To make a long story short, it’s not enough legally to have an Esper peep on a crime suspect’s deepest thoughts; presumably this is to prevent Espers from having too much power, but even so, the future society of the novel works such that it has become nigh-impossible to commit a crime and get away with it. Powell needs three things to bag Reich: motive, method, and opportunity. We know Reich was at Maria Beaumont’s party from the end of Part 1 (still the novel’s highlight imo), where Craye D’Courtney was hiding, and we know how he could’ve killed the old man.
The means are rather convoluted, but Reich had acquired an “ancient” 20th century pistol and removed the cartridges. Wouldn’t this mean Reich would be shooting blanks? Technically yes, but as Powell explains:
“With a powder charge, you can shoot an ounce of water with enough muzzle velocity to blow out the back of a head if you fire through the victim’s palate. That’s why Reich had to shoot through the mouth. That’s why Kr1/2t found that bit of gel and nothing else. The Projectile, of course, was gone.”
People forget (or don’t know) that even shooting blanks in an enclosed space can still be harmful; in the case of D’Courtney, firing the gun in his mouth was enough to kill him. Powell’s figured out the method.
The opportunity was easy enough to discern. The police team already knew Reich was at the party where D’Courtney had been killed, while everyone else was playing the Sardine game, and you may recall that in Part 2 Powell got a confession out of Gus T8 (Reich’s Esper accomplice) shortly before his death. Reich could’ve figured out where D’Courtney was by way of a peeper. There’s your opportunity.
The big problem Powell runs into is the motive. Now, I won’t give away the details in this section, but I’ll say that Reich’s motive for killing D’Courtney was not what we thought it was. Without a motive, they can’t connect Reich to the crime with objective evidence, and without that, Reich goes free. It looks like Reich is about to win, but Powell, being a top-level Esper (meaning he can fully read a person’s unconscious psyche), does have one last trick up his sleeve…
The cat-and-mouse game that took up much of Part 2 now comes to a head in the serial’s finale, and my feelings on it are quite mixed. The stuff with Powell and Reich is still great. Bester has a special talent for writing wiley and despicable characters, and few are more wiley or despicable than Ben Reich. Much like Gully Foyle, his marginally less evil counterpart in The Stars My Destination, Reich is relentless in his ruthlessness; there is nobody he won’t fuck over to get what he wants. Bester’s snappy style still retains its magic, too, with many passages being just dialogue exchanges with the bare minimum of description, yet rarely if ever is the reader lost in all this. Bester really is one of the writers of dialogue when it comes to ’50s SF.
When he’s good.
When he’s not, we get shit like this (yes it’s the Powell/Barbara subplot):
He kissed her forehead. “You’re growing up fast,” he smiled. “You were just baby-talking yesterday.”
“I’m growing up fast because you promised to wait for me.”
This is BULLSHIT.
I wonder if Piers Anthony is a fan of this novel. Just a thought. Much like Reich himself, the novel is half angel and half louse, and I’m trying to separate one from the other. When it’s good, it’s pretty great; it’s witty, inventive, and as I’ll elaborate on in a bit, the ending is a fair bit thought-provoking. But when it’s not good… it’s almost unreadable. I get the impression that writing at novel-length forced Bester to give into his worst impulses—stuff he wouldn’t normally indulge in at shorter lengths. Some authors, especially in SF, benefit from more succinct writing (opinion, sure, but I really do think SF works best in the novella mode), and Bester is one of those. Part 1 of The Demolished Man shows the novel at its best partly because it focuses the most on its two best assets: Ben Reich, and the way Espers contribute to this future interplanetary society.
There Be Spoilers Here
The problem with Reich’s motive for killing D’Courtney is that it doesn’t make sense. In Part 1, Reich offers to merge his company with D’Courtney’s, but D’Courtney refuses; this turns out to not be true. Upon interrogating Reich about the rejection, the teams finds that Reich had misinterpreted D’Courtney’s response. Now why would Reich take D’Courtney’s acceptance as a rejection? We know now that D’Courtney, when confronted by his killer, was not lying; he really did accept Reich’s offer to merge their companies. Reich’s true motive will have to be uncovered with some weapons-grade mundfuckery, and that’s what Powell does at the climax of Part 3.
The climax of Part 3 is a wild ride that almost rivals the climax of Part 1, even anticipating the mind games Philip K. Dick would play on us with his later novels. Just when Reich is convinced he’s gotten away with murder, his world starts to shrink—literally. People and places Reich knows start to disappear, even including entire planets, and he fears he may be losing his mind (sort of right) or that Powell’s pulling an epic prank on him (absolutely right). Even the sun, for no reason, disappears, and nobody he asks even knows what the sun is anymore. Even confessing to the murder of D’Courtney out of desparation does not release him.
The police looked at each other in surprise. One of them drifted to a corner and picked up an old-fashioned hand phone: “Captain? Got a character here. Calls himself Ben Reich of Sacrament. Claims he killed a party named Craye D’Courtney last month.” After a pause, he grunted and hung up. “A nut,” he said.
“Listen—” Reich began.
“Is he alright?” the policeman asked the doctor.
“Just shaken a little.”
“Listen!” Reich shouted.
The policeman yanked him to his feet and propelled him toward the door of the station. “There ain’t no Preston Powell on the force. There ain’t no D’Courtney killing on the books. Now, out!” And he hurled Reich into the street.
It’s a lot of fun. Eventually the world shrinks to the point where there’s only Reich left—and the one thing that’s scared him since the beginning, the Man With No Face. As it turns out, the Man With No Face is a representation of Reich’s guilt, just as we’ve suspected this whole time, though not quite for the reasons one would’ve assumed. You see, Reich and Barbara are half-siblings; their father is Craye D’Courtney. Through some convoluted backstory we learn that the Reich and D’Courtney family trees intertwined at one point, and not only is Barbara old man D’Courtney’s secret child, but so is Reich. D’Courntey didn’t resist Reich because he felt immense guilt about never acknowledging Reich as his son, and Reich tricked himself into wanting to kill D’Courtney because of some… Oedipal… thing…
So Reich is finished; it almost cost Powell his life, but it was worth it. Only at the very end do we find out what Demolition means, and it’s basically a memory wipe. The society of the novel hasn’t implemented the death penalty in decades, and correctly they regard such a practice as barbaric. Reich lives, in some way, but from now on he will be effectivelybecome a different person—the louse having been separated from the angel, or maybe the other way around. The novel makes an argument regarding criminals that I don’t think I’ve heard before, which is that someone who goes against societal norms must be at least of some value, therefore it’d be a waste to execute that person. It’s a curious argument against the death penalty, and I have to wonder how readers circa 1952 would’ve taken it.
A Step Farther Out
The Demolished Man could just as easily be titled The Diminishing Returns. Not to say it goes downhill exactly, but Part 2 introduces a certain subplot that I would consider the opposite of great; by Part 3 this same subplot was driving me up the fucking wall. I’m not even sure if the “romance” between Powell and Barbara is a product of the novel’s time as it is a quirk of what seems to be Bester’s actual honest-to-goodness worldview; he really did seem to believe in the legitimacy of Freudian psychology. Not to say Freud didn’t do much to advance how we as a species try to understand our own minds, our own desires, and so on, but The Demolished Man may be the most obnoxiously Freudian novel in existence, ultimately much to its detriment. I can see why, between Bester’s first two novels, The Stars My Destination has become the more popular one; the truth is that it holds up better to scrutiny.
I have yet to read the book version of The Demolished Man, but from what I’ve heard it might actually be an improvement over the serialized version, which doesn’t happen too often. Usually the differences between a novel’s serial run and its book incarnation are negligible, but Bester apparently revised his novel to a substantial degree between versions. The result is (from what I’ve heard anyway) a short novel that was made even more concise, even cutting out some of the stuff between Powell and Barbara that makes me feel all shitty inside. Even so, the serial is worth reading; historically it’s nothing short of essential, of course, but it’s still an ultimately statisfying experience, made more palpable by being split into smaller chunks.
Well, the next serial I cover is also something I’ve not read before, despite it being by one of my favorite authors, and like The Demolished Man it also won a Hugo—a Retro Hugo.
See you next time.
|
|||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
0
| 5
|
https://dianagabaldon.com/wordpress/2010/12/bloody-men/
|
en
|
DianaGabaldon.com
|
[
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/270fe3ac3ee9be5906e62e5dc300abfb?s=48&d=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D48&r=G",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/be28fdd11156d3f34266239954ab77b5?s=48&d=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D48&r=G",
"https://dianagabaldon.com/wordpress/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5ccf563bdb3d21dcb31f456bda0cee22?s=48&d=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D48&r=G",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a9b72266bcac785137882ea5608070a1?s=48&d=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D48&r=G",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7ef4f01b74117543441b0f18906ec430?s=48&d=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D48&r=G",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a9b72266bcac785137882ea5608070a1?s=48&d=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D48&r=G"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"",
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Y’all have asked some good questions in the comments to the last post, but most of them will require a bit of time and thought to respond to properly. Since I’m working madly this weekend to fill up the remaining holes in the new website (which I _hope_ to reveal to public view sometime next week), I thought for today, I’d just give you a bit of Book Eight, which I notice a number of people had asked for, too. {g} Book Eight Copyright 2010 Diana Gabaldon “Stay,” he said sternly to Rollo, turning back for an instant. The dog, who had not stirred from his comfortable spot at Rachel’s feet, twitched one ear. William was standing by the roadside, looking hot, tired, disheveled, and thoroughly unhappy. As well he might, Ian thought with some sympathy. William was likely bound for England—if he was lucky—or for parole in some rough lodging somewhere far to the south. In either case, his active role as a soldier was over for some time. […]
|
en
|
https://dianagabaldon.com/wordpress/wp-content/themes/dianagabaldon/images/favicon.ico
|
https://dianagabaldon.com/wordpress/2010/12/bloody-men/
|
Y’all have asked some good questions in the comments to the last post, but most of them will require a bit of time and thought to respond to properly. Since I’m working madly this weekend to fill up the remaining holes in the new website (which I _hope_ to reveal to public view sometime next week), I thought for today, I’d just give you a bit of Book Eight, which I notice a number of people had asked for, too. {g}
Book Eight
Copyright 2010 Diana Gabaldon
“Stay,” he said sternly to Rollo, turning back for an instant. The dog, who had not stirred from his comfortable spot at Rachel’s feet, twitched one ear.
William was standing by the roadside, looking hot, tired, disheveled, and thoroughly unhappy. As well he might, Ian thought with some sympathy. William was likely bound for England—if he was lucky—or for parole in some rough lodging somewhere far to the south. In either case, his active role as a soldier was over for some time.
His face changed abruptly at sight of Ian. Surprise, the beginnings of indignation, then a quick glance round, decision clamping down upon his features. Ian was surprised for a moment that he could read William’s face so easily, but then remembered why. Uncle Jamie guarded his own expression in company—but not with Ian. Ian’s own face didn’t show his knowledge, though, anymore than William’s now showed more than an irritable acknowledgement.
“Scout,” William said, with the briefest of nods. The officer to whom he had been talking gave Ian a brief, incurious look, then saluted William and plunged back into the trudging stream.
“What the bloody hell do you want?” William drew a grubby sleeve across his sweating face. Ian was mildly surprised at this evident hostility; they’d parted on good terms the last time they had seen each other—though there had been little conversation at the time, William having just put a pistol-ball through the brain of a madman trying to kill Rachel, Ian, or both, with an axe. Ian’s left arm had healed enough to dispense with a sling, but it was still stiff.
“There’s a lady who’d like to speak with ye,” he said, ignoring William’s narrowed eyes. The eyes relaxed a little.
“Miss Hunter?” A small gleam of pleasure lit William’s eyes, and Ian’s own narrowed slightly.Aye, well, he thought, let her tell him, then.
William waved to a corporal down the line, who waved back, then stepped off the road after Ian. A few soldiers glanced at Ian, but he was unremarkable, the double line of dotted tattooing on his cheeks, his buckskin breeches, and his sun-browned skin marking him as an Indian scout—a good many of these had deserted the British army, but there were still a good many left, mostly Loyalists like Joseph Brant who held land in Pennysylvania and New York, though there were still some ranging parties from the Iroquois nations who had come down to fight at Saratoga.
“William!” Rachel flew across the little clearing and clasped the tall captain’s hands, beaming up at him with such joy that he smiled back at her, all irritability vanished. Ian hung back a little, to give her time. There hadn’t been any, really, what with Rollo roaring and tearing at Arch Bug’s miserable auld carcass, Rachel sprawled on the floor, frozen with horror, himself lying on the floor pouring blood, and half the street outside screaming bloody murder.
William had pulled Rachel to her feet and thrust her into the arms of the first woman available, who as it happened, was Marsali.
“Get her out of here!” William had snapped. But Rachel, Ian’s nut-brown maiden—her brownness much splattered with blood—had pulled herself together in an instant, and gritting her teeth—he’d seen her do it, bemused by shock as he lay on the floor, watching things happen as though in a dream—as she stepped over auld Arch’s body, had fallen to her knees in the mess of brains and blood, wrapped her apron tight about his wounded arm and tied it with her kerchief, and then with Marsali, had dragged him bodily out of the print-shop and into the street, where he’d promptly passed out, waking only when Auntie Claire began stitching his arm.
Ian hadn’t had time to thank William, even had he been able to speak, and he meant to convey his own thanks as soon as he might. But clearly Rachel wanted to talk to him first, and he waited, thinking how beautiful she looked, her eyes the clouded hazel of thicket and green-brier, face clever and quick as flame.
“But thee is tired, William, and thin,” she was saying, drawing a finger disapprovingly down the side of his face. “Do they not feed thee? I’d thought it was only the Continentals who went short of rations.”
“Oh. I—I haven’t had time of late.” The happiness that had lit William’s face while he talked with Rachel faded noticeably. “We—well, you see.” He waved an arm toward the invisible road, where the hoarse chants of the sergeants rang like the calling of disgruntled crows above the shuffle of feet.
“I do see. Where is thee going?”
William rubbed the back of his hand across his mouth, and glanced at Ian.
“I suppose he oughtn’t to say,” Ian said, coming across and touching Rachel’s arm, smiling at William in apology. “We’re the enemy, a nighean donn.”
William looked sharply at Ian, catching the tone of his voice, then back at Rachel, whose hand he was still holding.
“We are betrothed, William—Ian and I,” she said, gently pulling her hand out of his and putting it on Ian’s.
William’s face changed abruptly, losing its look of happiness altogether. He eyed Ian with something remarkably close to dislike.
“Are you,” he said flatly. “I suppose I must wish you every happiness, then. Good day.” He turned on his heel, and Ian, surprised, reached out to pull him back.
“Wait—“ he said, and then William turned and hit him in the mouth.
He was lying on his back in the leaves, blinking in disbelief, as Rollo hurtled over him and sank his teeth in some soft part of William, judging by the yelp and the brief cry of startlement from Rachel.
“Rollo!Bad dog—and thee is a bad dog, too, William Ransom! What the devil does thee mean by this?”
Ian sat up, tenderly fingering his lip, which was bleeding. Rollo had retreated a little under Rachel’s scolding, but kept a yellow eye fixed on William and a curled lip raised over bared teeth, the faintest rumble of a growl coming from his huge chest.
“Sheas,” Ian said to him briefly, and got to his feet. William had sat down and was examining the calf of his leg, which was bleeding through his torn silk hose, though not badly. When he saw Ian, he scrambled to his feet. His face was bright red and he looked as though he meant either to do murder or burst into tears.Maybe both, Ian thought in surprise.
He was careful not to touch William again, but stood back a bit—in front of Rachel, just in case the man meant to go off again. He was armed, after all; there was a pistol and sword at his belt.
“Are ye all right, man?” he asked, in the same tone of mild concern he’d heard his Da use now and then on his Mam or Uncle Jamie. Evidently it was in fact the right tone to take with a Fraser about to go berserk, for William breathed like a grampus for a moment or two, then got himself under control.
“I ask your pardon, sir,” he said, back stiff as a stick of rock-maple. “That was unforgiveable. I shall…leave you. I—Miss Hunter…I–” He turned, stumbling a little, and that gave Rachel time to dart round in front of him.
“William!” Her face was full of distress. “What is it? Have I—“
He looked down at her, his face contorted, but shook his head.
“You haven’t done anything,” he said, with an obvious effort. “You…you could never do anything that…” He swung round toward Ian, fist clenched on his sword. “But you, you fucking bas— you son-of-a-bitch!Cousin!”
“Oh,” said Ian, stupidly. “Ye know, then.”
“Yes, I bloody know! You could have fucking told me!”
“Know what?” Rachel stepped round Ian, looking from him to William and back again.
“Don’t you bloody tell her!” William snapped.
“Don’t be silly,” Rachel said reasonably. “Of course he’ll tell me, the minute we’re alone. Does thee not wish to tell me thyself? I think perhaps thee might not trust Ian to say it aright.” Her eye rested on Ian’s lip, and her own mouth twitched. Ian might have taken offense at this, save that William’s distress was so apparent.
“It isna really a disgrace…” he began, but then stepped hastily back as William’s clenched fist drew back.
“You think not?” William was so furious, his voice was nearly inaudible. “To discover that I am—am—the…the get of a Scottish criminal? That I am a fucking bastard?”
Despite his resolve to be patient, Ian felt his own dander start to rise.
“Criminal, forbye!” he snapped. “Any man might be proud to be the son of Jamie Fraser!”
“Oh,” said Rachel, forestalling William’s next heated remark. “That.”
“What?” He glared down at her. “What the devil do you mean, ‘that’?”
“We thought it must be the case, Denny and I.” She lifted one shoulder, though keeping a close watch on William, who looked as though he was about to go off like a twelve-pound mortar. “But we supposed that thee didn’t wish the matter talked about. I didn’t know that thee—how could thee not have known?” she asked curiously. “The resemblance—“
“Fuck the resemblance!”
|
|||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
3
| 94
|
https://www.bookleggers.com/pages/books/001542C/alfred-bester/the-demolished-man-frederik-pohls-bookplate
|
en
|
THE DEMOLISHED MAN Frederik Pohl's Bookplate
|
[
"https://www.bookleggers.com/images/logo.png",
"https://bookleggers.cdn.bibliopolis.com/pictures/001542C.jpg?width=768&height=1000&fit=bounds&auto=webp&v=1669819637",
"https://bookleggers.cdn.bibliopolis.com/pictures/001542C_2.jpg?width=320&height=427&fit=bounds&auto=webp&v=1669819637"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"ALFRED BESTER",
"www.bibliopolis.com"
] | null |
Norwalk Ct. The Easton Press, 1986. The Easton Press. Very Fine. Item #001542C A very fine copy of the Collector's Edition bound in full leather by The Easton Press. A nice association copy from the library of Frederik Pohl. Bookplate of Science Fiction writer Frederik Pohl appears on inside front board. A very nice copy. No bumped corners to book. Notes are laid in. Gold gilt edges are
|
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
|
Bookleggers
|
https://www.bookleggers.com/pages/books/001542C/alfred-bester/the-demolished-man-frederik-pohls-bookplate
|
Norwalk Ct. The Easton Press, 1986. The Easton Press. Very Fine. Item #001542C
A very fine copy of the Collector's Edition bound in full leather by The Easton Press. A nice association copy from the library of Frederik Pohl. Bookplate of Science Fiction writer Frederik Pohl appears on inside front board. A very nice copy. No bumped corners to book. Notes are laid in. Gold gilt edges are clean and bright with no marks or scratches. A unique copy.
|
||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
1
| 0
|
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/69377/an-essay-of-dramatic-poesy
|
en
|
An Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden
|
[
"https://www.poetryfoundation.org/assets/media/images/logo-print.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"John Dryden"
] | null |
It was that memorable day, in the first Summer of the late War, when our Navy engaged the Dutch: a day wherein the two most mighty and best appointed…
|
en
|
//www.poetryfoundation.org/assets/media/images/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?=1.2.12
|
Poetry Foundation
|
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/69377/an-essay-of-dramatic-poesy
|
It was that memorable day, in the first Summer of the late War, when our Navy engaged the Dutch: a day wherein the two most mighty and best appointed Fleets which any age had ever seen, disputed the command of the greater half of the Globe, the commerce of Nations, and the riches of the Universe. While these vast floating bodies, on either side, moved against each other in parallel lines, and our Country men, under the happy conduct of his Royal Highness, went breaking, by little and little, into the line of the Enemies; the noise of the Cannon from both Navies reached our ears about the City: so that all men, being alarmed with it, and in a dreadful suspense of the event, which we knew was then deciding, every one went following the sound as his fancy led him; and leaving the Town almost empty, some took towards the Park, some cross the River, others down it; all seeking the noise in the depth of silence.
Amongst the rest, it was the fortune of Eugenius, Crites, Lisideius and Neander, to be in company together: three of them persons whom their wit and Quality have made known to all the Town: and whom I have chose to hide under these borrowed names, that they may not suffer by so ill a relation as I am going to make of their discourse.
Taking then a Barge which a servant of Lisideus had provided for them, they made haste to shoot the Bridge, and left behind them that great fall of waters which hindered them from hearing what they desired: after which, having disengaged themselves from many Vessels which rode at Anchor in the Thames, and almost blocked up the passage towards Greenwich, they ordered the Watermen to let fall their Oars more gently; and then every one favoring his own curiosity with a strict silence, it was not long ere they perceived the Air break about them like the noise of distant. Thunder, or of Swallows in a Chimney: those little undulations of sound, though almost vanishing before they reached them, yet still seeming to retain somewhat of their first horror which they had betwixt the Fleets: after they had attentively listened till such time as the sound by little and little went from them; Eugenius lifting up his head, and taking notice of it, was the first who congratulated to the rest that happy Omen of our Nations Victory adding, we had but this to desire in confirmation of it, that we might hear no more of that noise which was now leaving the English Coast. When the rest had concurred in the same opinion, Crites, a person of a sharp judgment, and somewhat too delicate a taste in wit, which the world have mistaken in him for ill nature, said, smiling to us, that if the concernment of this battle had not been so exceeding great, he could scarce have wished the Victory at the price he knew must pay for it, in being subject to the reading and hearing of so many ill verses as he was sure would be made upon it; adding, that no Argument could scape some of those eternal Rhymers, who watch a Battle with more diligence than the Ravens and birds of Prey; and the worst of them surest to be first in upon the quarry, while the better able, either out of modesty writ not at all, or set that due value upon their Poems, as to let them be often called for and long expected! “There are some of those impertinent people you speak of,” answered Lisideius, “who to my knowledge, are already so provided, either way, that they can produce not only a Panegyric upon the Victory, but, if need be, a funeral elegy upon the Duke: and after they have crowned his valor with many Laurels, at last deplore the odds under which he fell, concluding that his courage deserved a better destiny.” All the company smiled at the conceit of Lisideius, but Crites, more eager than before, began to make particular exceptions against some Writers, and said the public Magistrate ought to send betimes to forbid them; and that it concerned the peace and quiet of all honest people, that ill Poets should be as well silenced as seditious Preachers. “In my opinion,” replied Eugenius, “you pursue your point too far; for as to my own particular, I am so great a lover of Poesy, that I could wish them all rewarded who attempt but to do well; at least I would not have them worse used than Sylla the Dictator did one of their brethren heretofore: Quem in concione vidimus (says Tully speaking of him) cum ei libellum malus poeta de populo subjecisset, quod epigramma in eum fecisset tantummodo alternis versibus longiuculis, statim ex iis rebus quæ tunc vendebat jubere ei præmium tribui, sub ea conditione ne quid postea scriberet.” [We saw him once in an assembly, when out of the crowd a bad poet offered him an epigram in elegiac verse that he had just written as an attack on Sylla; he immediately ordered that the poet be given a reward out of the articles that he was selling, with the condition that he never again write anything—ed.] “I could wish with all my heart,” replied Crites, “that many whom we know were as bountifully thanked upon the same condition, that they would never trouble us again. For amongst others, I have a mortal apprehension of two Poets, whom this victory with the help of both her wings will never be able to escape.” “’Tis easy to guess whom you intend,” said Lisideius; “and without naming them, I ask you if one of them does not perpetually pay us with clenches upon words and a certain clownish kind of raillery? if now and then he does not offer at a Catachresis or Clevelandism, wresting and torturing a word into another meaning: In fine, if he be not one of those whom the French would call un mauvais buffon; one that is so much a well-willer to the Satire, that he spares no man; and though he cannot strike a blow to hurt any, yet ought to be punished for the malice of the action, as our Witches are justly hanged because they think themselves so; and suffer deservedly for believing they did mischief, because they meant it.” “You have described him,” said Crites, “so exactly, that I am afraid to come after you with my other extremity of Poetry: He is one of those who having had some advantage of education and converse, knows better than the other what a Poet should be, but puts it into practice more unluckily than any man; his stile and matter are every where alike; he is the most calm, peaceable. Writer you ever read: he never disquiets your passions with the least concernment, but still leaves you in as even a temper as he found you; he is a very Leveller in Poetry, he creeps along with ten little words in every line, and helps out his Numbers with For to, and Unto, and all the pretty Expletives he can find, till he drags them to the end of another line; while the Sense is left tired half way behind it; he doubly starves all his Verses, first for want of thought, and then of expression; his Poetry neither has wit in it, nor seems to have it; like him in Martial: Pauper videri Cinna vult, et est pauper [Cinna wants to seem to be a pauper; and, sure enough, he is a pauper]: He affects plainness, to cover his want of imagination: when he writes the serious way, the highest flight of his fancy is some miserable Antithesis, or seeming contradiction; and in the Comic he is still reaching at some thin conceit, the ghost of a Jest, and that too flies before him, never to be caught; these Swallows which we see before us on the Thames, are just resemblance of his wit: you may observe how near the water they stoop, how many proffers they make to dip, and yet how seldom they touch it: and when they do, ’tis but the surface: they skim over it but to catch a gnat, and then mount into the air and leave it.”
“Well Gentlemen,” said Eugenius, “you may speak your pleasure of these Authors; but though I and some few more about the Town may give you a peaceable hearing, yet, assure yourselves, there are multitudes who would think you malicious and them injured: especially him who you first described; he is the very Withers of the City: they have bought more Editions of his Works than would serve to lay under all the Pies at the Lord Mayor’s Christmas. When his famous Poem first came out in the year, I have seen them reading it in the midst of Change-time; many so vehement they were at it, that they lost their bargain by the Candles ends: but what will you say, if he has been received amongst the great Ones? I can assure you he is, this day, the envy of a great person, who is Lord in the Art of Quibbling; and who does not take it well, that any man should intrude so far into his Province.” “All I would wish,” replied Crites, “is, that they who love his Writings, may still admire him, and his fellow Poet: Qui Bavium non odit, etc. [who does not hate Bavius—ed.] is curse sufficient.” “And farther,” added Lisideius, “I believe there is no man who writes well, but would think himself very hardly dealt with, if their Admirers should praise anything of his: Nam quos contemnimus eorum quoque laudes contemnimus [For we detest praise that comes from those we detest—ed.]” “There are so few who write well in this Age,” said Crites, “that methinks any praises should be welcome; then neither rise to the dignity of the last Age, nor to any of the Ancients; and we may cry out of the Writers of this time, with more reason than Petronius of his, Pace vestra liceat dixisse, primi omnium eloquentiam perdidistis [If I may be permitted to say so, you were, of all, the first to lose the old eloquence]: you have debauched the true old Poetry so far, that Nature, which is the soul of it, is not in any of your Writings.”
“If your quarrel,” said Eugenius, “to those who now write, be grounded only upon your reverence to Antiquity, there is no man more ready to adore those great Greeks and Romans than I am: but on the other side, I cannot think so contemptibly of the Age I live in, or so dishonorably of my own Country, as not to judge we equal the Ancients in most kinds of Poesy, and in some surpass them; neither know I any reason why I may not be as zealous for the Reputation of our Age, as we find the Ancients themselves in reference to those who lived before them. For you hear your Horace saying,
Indignor quidquam reprehendi, non quia crassé
Compositum, illepidève putetur, sed quia nuper
[I bristle when something is condemned, not because
it is badly or obscurely written, but just because it is new—ed.].
And after,
Si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,
Scire velim pretium chartis quotus arroget annus?
[If books, like wines, improve with age, tell me
in what year they achieve value?—ed.].
“But I see I am engaging in a wide dispute, where the arguments are not like to reach close on either side; for Poesy is of so large extent, and so many both of the Ancients and Moderns have done well in all kinds of it, that, in citing one against the other, we shall take up more time this Evening, than each man’s occasions will allow him: therefore I would ask Crites to what part of Poesy he would confine his Arguments, and whether he would defend the general cause of the Ancients against the Moderns, or oppose any Age of the Moderns against this of ours?”
Crites a little while considering upon this Demand, told Eugenius he approved his Propositions, and, if he pleased, he would limit their Dispute to Dramatic Poesy; in which he thought it not difficult to prove, either that the Ancients were superior to the Moderns, or the last Age to this of ours.
Eugenius was somewhat surprised, when he heard Crites make choice of that Subject; “For ought I see,” said he, “I have undertaken a harder Province than I imagined; for though I never judged the Plays of the Greek or Roman Poets comparable to ours; yet on the other side those we now see acted, come short of many which were written in the last Age: but my comfort is if we are o’ercome, it will be only by our own Countrymen: and if we yield to them in this one part of Poesy, we more surpass them in all the other; for in the Epic or Lyric way it will be hard for them to show us one such amongst them, as we have many now living, or who lately were so. They can produce nothing so courtly writ, or which expresses so much the Conversation of a Gentleman, as Sir John Suckling; nothing so even, sweet, and flowing as Mr. Waller; nothing so Majestic, so correct as Sir John Denham; nothing so elevated, so copious, and full of spirit, as Mr. Cowley; as for the Italian, French, and Spanish Plays, I can make it evident that those who now write, surpass them; and that the Drama is wholly ours.”
All of them were thus far of Eugenius’s opinion, that the sweetness of English Verse was never understood or practiced by our Fathers; even Crites himself did not much oppose it: and every one was willing to acknowledge how much our Poesy is improved, by the happiness of some Writers yet living; who first taught us to mould our thoughts into easy and significant words; to retrench the superfluities of expression, and to make our Rime so properly a part of the Verse, that it should never mislead the sense, but itself be led and governed by it.
Eugenius was going to continue this Discourse, when Lisideius told him it was necessary, before they proceeded further, to take a standing measure of their Controversy; for how was it possible to be decided who writ the best Plays, before we know what a Play should be? but, this once agreed on by both Parties, each might have recourse to it, either to prove his own advantages, or discover the failings of his Adversary.
He had no sooner said this, but all desired the favor of him to give the definition of a Play; and they were the more importunate, because neither Aristotle, nor Horace, nor any other, who writ of that Subject, had ever done it.
Lisideius, after some modest denials, at last confessed he had a rude Notion of it; indeed rather a Description than a Definition: but which served to guide him in his private thoughts, when he was to make a judgment of what others writ: that he conceived a Play ought to be, A just and lively Image of Humane Nature, representing its Passions and Humors, and the Changes of Fortune to which it is subject; for the Delight and Instruction of Mankind.
This Definition, though Crites raised a Logical Objection against it; that it was only a genere et fine [that is, too broadly, according to category and purpose—as though one defined “shirt” as “a garment to keep one warm”—ed.], and so not altogether perfect; was yet well received by the rest: and after they had given order to the Water-men to turn their Barge, and row softly, that they might take the cool of the Evening in their return; Crites, being desired by the Company to begin, spoke on behalf of the Ancients, in this manner:
“If Confidence presage a Victory, Eugenius, in his own opinion, has already triumphed over the Ancients; nothing seems more easy to him, than to overcome those whom it is our greatest praise to have imitated well: for we do not only build upon their foundation; but by their models. Dramatic Poesy had time enough, reckoning from Thespis (who first invented it) to Aristophanes, to be born, to grow up, and to flourish in Maturity. It has been observed of Arts and Sciences, that in one and the same Century they have arrived to a great perfection; and no wonder, since every Age has a kind of Universal Genius, which inclines those that live in it to some particular Studies: the Work then being pushed on by many hands, must of necessity go forward.
“Is it not evident, in these last hundred years (when the Study of Philosophy has been the business of all the Virtuosi in Christendom) that almost a new Nature has been revealed to us? that more errors of the School have been detected, more useful Experiments in Philosophy have been made, more Noble Secrets in Optics, Medicine, Anatomy, Astronomy, discovered, than in all those credulous and doting Ages from Aristotle to us? so true it is that nothing spreads more fast than Science, when rightly and generally cultivated.
“Add to this the more than common emulation that was in those times of writing well; which though it be found in all Ages and all Persons that pretend to the same Reputation; yet Poesy being then in more esteem than now it is, had greater Honors decreed to the Professors of it; and consequently the Rival-ship was more high between them; they had Judges ordained to decide their Merit, and Prizes to reward it: and Historians have been diligent to record of Aeschylus, Euripides, Sophocles, Lycophron, and the rest of them, both who they were that vanquished in these Wars of the Theater, and how often they were crowned: while the Asian Kings, and Grecian Commonwealths scarce afforded them a Nobler Subject than the unmanly Luxuries of a Debauched Court, or giddy Intrigues of a Factious City. Alit æmulatio ingenia (says Paterculus) et nunc invidia, nunc admiratio incitationem accendit: Emulation is the Spur of Wit, and sometimes Envy, sometimes Admiration quickens our Endeavors.
“But now since the Rewards of Honor are taken away, that Virtuous Emulation is turned into direct Malice; yet so slothful, that it contents itself to condemn and cry down others, without attempting to do better: ’Tis a Reputation too unprofitable, to take the necessary pains for it; yet wishing they had it, is incitement enough to hinder others from it. And this, in short, Eugenius, is the reason, why you have now so few good Poets; and so many severe Judges: Certainly, to imitate the Ancients well, much labor and long study is required: which pains, I have already shown, our Poets would want encouragement to take, if yet they had ability to go through with it. Those Ancients have been faithful Imitators and wise Observers of that Nature, which is so torn and ill represented in our Plays, they have handed down to us a perfect resemblance of her; which we, like ill Copiers, neglecting to look on, have rendered monstrous and disfigured. But, that you may know how much you are indebted to those your Masters, and be ashamed to have so ill requited them: I must remember you that all the Rules by which we practice the Drama at this day, either such as relate to the justness and symmetry of the Plot; or the Episodical Ornaments, such as Descriptions, Narrations, and other Beauties, which are not essential to the Play; were delivered to us from the Observations that Aristotle made, of those Poets, which either lived before him, or were his Contemporaries: we have added nothing of our own, except we have the confidence to say our wit is better; which none boast of in our Age, but such as understand not theirs. Of that Book which Aristotle has left us, Peri tes Poiekes, Horace’s Art of Poetry is an excellent Comment, and, I believe, restores to us that Second Book of his [Aristotle’s—ed.] concerning Comedy, which is wanting [missing—ed.] in him.
“Out of these two has been extracted the Famous Rules which the French call, Des Trois Unitez, or, The Three Unities, which ought to be observed in every Regular Play; namely, of Time, Place, and Action.
“The unity of Time they comprehend in hours, the compass of a Natural Day; or as near it as can be contrived: and the reason of it is obvious to every one, that the time of the feigned action, or fable of the Play, should be proportioned as near as can be to the duration of that time in which it is represented; since therefore all Plays are acted on the Theater in a space of time much within the compass of hours, that Play is to be thought the nearest imitation of Nature, whose Plot or Action is confined within that time; and, by the same Rule which concludes this general proportion of time, it follows, that all the parts of it are to be equally subdivided; as namely, that one act take not up the supposed time of half a day; which is out of proportion to the rest: since the other four are then to be straitened within the compass of the remaining half; for it is unnatural that one Act, which being spoke or written, is not longer than the rest, should be supposed longer by the Audience; ’Tis therefore the poet’s duty, to take care that no Act should be imagined to exceed the time in which it is represented on the Stage, and that the intervals and inequalities of time be supposed to fall out between the Acts.
“This Rule of Time how well it has been observed by the Ancients, most of their Plays will witness; you see them in their Tragedies (wherein to follow this Rule is certainly most difficult) from the very beginning of their Plays, falling close into that part of the Story which they intend for the action or principal object of it; leaving the former part to be delivered by Narration: so that they set the Audience, as it were, at the Post where the Race is to be concluded: and, saving them the tedious expectation of seeing the Poet set out and ride the beginning of the Course) you behold him not, till he is in sight of the Goal, and just upon you.
“For the Second Unity, which is that of place, the Ancients meant by it, That the Scene ought to be continued through the Play, in the same place where it was laid in the beginning: for the Stage, on which it is represented, being but one and the same place, it is unnatural to conceive it many; and those far distant from one another. I will not deny but by the variation of painted Scenes, the Fancy (which in these cases will contribute to its own deceit) may sometimes imagine it several places, with some appearance of probability; yet it still carries the greater likelihood of truth, if those places be supposed so near each other, as in the same Town or City; which may all be comprehended under the larger Denomination of one place: for a greater distance will bear no proportion to the shortness of time, which is allotted in the acting, to pass from one of them to another; for the Observation of this, next to the Ancients, the French are to be most commended. They tie themselves so strictly to the unity of place, that you never see in any of their Plays a Scene changed in the middle of the Act: if the Act begins in a Garden, a Street, or Chamber, ’tis ended in the same place; and that you may know it to be the same, the Stage is so supplied with persons that it is never empty all the time: he that enters the second has business with him who was on before; and before the second quits the Stage, a third appears who has business with him. This Corneille calls La Liaison des Scenes, the continuity or joining of the Scenes; and ’tis a good mark of a well contrived Play when all the Persons are known to each other, and every one of them has some affairs with all the rest.
“As for the third Unity which is that of Action, the Ancients meant no other by it than what the Logicians do by their Finis, the end or scope of an action that which is the first in Intention, and last in Execution: now the Poet is to aim at one great and complete action, to the carrying on of which all things in his Play, even the very obstacles, are to be subservient; and the reason of this is as evident as any of the former.
“For two Actions equally labored and driven on by the Writer, would destroy the unity of the Poem; it would be no longer one Play, but two: not but that there may be many actions in a Play, as Ben Jonson has observed in his Discoveries; but they must be all subservient to the great one, which our language happily expresses in the name of under-plots: such as in Terence’s Eunuch is the difference and reconcilement of Thais and Phædria, which is not the chief business of the Play, but promotes; the marriage of Chærea and Chreme’s Sister, principally intended by the Poet. There ought to be one action, says Corneille, that is one complete action which leaves the mind of the Audience in a full repose: But this cannot be brought to pas but by many other imperfect ones which conduce to it, and hold the Audience in a delightful suspense of what will be.
“If by these Rules (to omit many other drawn from the Precepts and Practice of the Ancients) we should judge our modern Plays; ’Tis probable, that few of them would endure the trial: that which should be the business of a day, takes up in some of them an age; instead of one action they are the Epitomes of a man’s life,; and for one spot of ground (which the Stage should represent) we are sometimes in more Countries than the Map can show us.
“But if we will allow the Ancients to have contrived well, we must acknowledge them to have writ better; questionless we are deprived of a great stock of wit in the loss of Meander among the Greek Poets, and of Caeilius, Affranius and Varius, among the Romans: we may guess of Menander’s Excellency by the Plays of Terence, who translated some of his, and yet wanted so much of him that he was called by C. Cæsar the Half-Menander, and of Varius, by the Testimonies of Horace Martial, and Velleus Paterculus: ’Tis probable that these, could they be recovered, would decide the controversy; but so long as Aristophanes in the old Comedy, and Plautus in the new are extant; while the Tragedies of Euripides, Sophocles, and Seneca are to be had, I can never see one of those Plays which are now written, but it increases my admiration of the Ancients; and yet I must acknowledge further, that to admire them as we ought, we should understand them better than we do. Doubtless many things appear flat to us, whose wit depended upon some custom or story which never came to our knowledge, or perhaps upon some Criticism in their language, which being so long dead, and only remaining in their Books, ’tis not possible they should make us know it perfectly. To read Macrobius, explaining the propriety and elegancy of many words in Virgil, which I had before passed over without consideration, as common things, is enough to assure me that I ought to think the same of Terence; and that in the purity of his style (which Tully so much valued that he ever carried his works about him) there is yet left in him great room for admiration, if I knew but where to place it. In the mean time I must desire you to take notice, that the greatest man of the last age (Ben Jonson) was willing to give place to them in all things: He was not only a professed Imitator of Horace, but a learned Plagiary of all the others; you track him every where in their Snow: If Horace, Lucan, Petronius Arbiter, Seneca, and Juvenal, had their own from him, there are few serious thoughts which are new in him; you will pardon me therefore if I presume he loved their fashion when he wore their clothes. But since I have otherwise a great veneration for him, and you Eugenius, prefer him above all other Poets, I will use no farther argument to you than his example: I will produce Father Ben to you, dressed in all the ornaments and colors of the Ancients, you will need no other guide to our Party if you follow him; and whether you consider the bad Plays of our Age, or regard the good ones of the last, both the best and worst of the Modern Poets will equally instruct you to esteem the Ancients.”
Crites had no sooner left speaking, but Eugenius who waited with some impatience for it, thus began:
“I have observed in your Speech that the former part of it is convincing as to what the Moderns have profited by the rules of the Ancients, but in the latter you are careful to conceal how much they have excelled them: we own all the helps we have from them, and want neither veneration nor gratitude while we acknowledge that to overcome them we must make use of the advantages we have received from them; but to these assistances we have joined our own industry; for (had we sat down with a dull imitation of them) we might then have lost somewhat of the old perfection, but never acquired any that was new. We draw not therefore after their lines, but those of Nature; and having the life before us, besides the experience of all they knew, it is no wonder if we hit some airs and features which they have missed: I deny not what you urge of Arts and Sciences, that they have flourished in some ages more than others; but your instance in Philosophy makes for me: for if Natural Causes be more known now than in the time of Aristotle, because more studied, it follows that Poesy and other Arts may with the same pains arrive still nearer to perfection, and, that granted, it will rest for you to prove that they wrought more perfect images of human life than we; which, seeing in your Discourse you have avoided to make good, it shall now be my task to show you some part of their defects, and some few Excellencies of the Moderns; and I think there is none among us can imagine I do it enviously, or with purpose to detract from them; for what interest of Fame or Profit can the living lose by the reputation of the dead? on the other side, it is a great truth which Velleius Paterculus affirms. Audita visis libentius laudemus; et præsentia invidia, prœterita admiratione prosequimur; a his nos obrui, illis instrui credimus [we praise what we have heard more readily than what we have seen, and we regard the present with envy and the past with admiration; we feel weighed down by the former, lifted up by the latter]: That praise or censure is certainly the most sincere which unbribed posterity shall give us.
“Be pleased then in the first place to take notice, that the Greek Poesy, which Crites has affirmed to have arrived to perfection in the Reign of the old Comedy, was so far from it, that the distinction of it into Acts was not known to them; or if it were, it is yet so darkly delivered to us that we can not make it out.
“All we know of it is from the singing of their Chorus, and that too is so uncertain that in some of their Plays we have reason to conjecture they sung more than five times: Aristotle indeed divides the integral parts of a Play into four: First, The Protasis or entrance, which gives light only to the Characters of the persons, and proceeds very little into any part of the action: Secondly, The Epitasis, or working up of the Plot where the Play grows warmer: the design or action of it is drawing on, and you see something promising that it will come to pass: Thirdly, the Catastasis, or Counterturn, which destroys that expectation, embroils the action in new difficulties, and leaves you far distant from that hope in which it found you, as you may have observed in a violent stream resisted by a narrow passage; it runs round to an eddy, and carries back the waters with more swiftness than it brought them on: Lastly, the Catastrophe, which the Grecians called lysis, the French le denouement, and we the discovery or unraveling of the Plot: there you see all things settling again upon their first foundations, and the obstacles which hindered the design or action of the Play once removed, it ends with that resemblance of truth and nature, that the audience are satisfied with the conduct of it. Thus this great man delivered to us the image of a Play, and I must confess it is so lively that from thence much light has been derived to the forming it more perfectly into Acts and Scenes; but what Poet first limited to five the number of the Acts I know not; only we see it so firmly established in the time of Horace, that he gives it for a rule in Comedy; Neu brevior quinto, neu sit productior actu [let it be neither shorter nor longer than five acts—ed.]: So that you see the Grecians cannot be said to have consummated this Art; writing rather by Entrances than by Acts, and having rather a general indigested notion of a Play, than knowing how and where to bestow the particular graces of it.
“But since the Spaniards at this day allow but three Acts, which they call Jornadas, to a Play; and the Italians in many of theirs follow them, when I condemn the Ancients, I declare it is not altogether because they have not five Acts to every Play, but because they have not confined themselves to one certain number; ’Tis building an House without a Model: and when the succeeded in such undertakings, they ought to have sacrificed to Fortune, not to the Muses.
“Next, for the Plot, which Aristotle called to mythos and often Tōn pragmatōn synthesis [the ordering of the actions—ed.], and from him the Romans Fabula, it has already been judiciously observed by a late Writer, that in their Tragedies it was only some Tale derived from Thebes or Troy, or at least some thing that happened in those two Ages; which was worn so threadbare by the Pens of all the Epic Poets, and even by Tradition itself of the Talkative Greeklings (as Ben Jonson calls them) that before it came upon the Stage, it was already known to all the Audience: and the people so soon as ever they heard the Name of Oedipus, knew as well as the Poet, that he had killed his Father by mistake, and committed Incest with his Mother, before the Play; that they were now to hear of a great Plague, an Oracle, and the Ghost of Laius: so that they sat with a yawning kind of expectation, till he was to come with his eyes pulled out, and speak a hundred or two of Verses in a Tragic tone, in complaint of his misfortunes. But one Oedipus, Hercules, or Medea, had been tolerable; poor people they scaped not so good cheap: they had still the Chapon Bouillé [boiled capon, a delicacy and a luxury—ed.] set before them, till their appetites were cloyed with the same dish, and the Novelty being gone, the pleasure vanished: so that one main end of Dramatic Poesy in its Definition, which was to cause Delight, as of consequence destroyed.
“In their Comedies, the Romans generally borrowed their Plots from the Greek Poets; and theirs was commonly a little Girl stolen or wandered from her Parents, brought back unknown to the same City, there got with child by some lewd young fellow; who, by the help of his servant, cheats his father, and when her time comes, to cry Juno Lucina fer opem [Juno, goddess of childbirth, bring help—ed.]; one or other sees a little Box or Cabinet which was carried away with her, and so discovers her to her friends, if some God do not prevent it, by coming down in a Machine, and take the thanks of it to himself.
“By the Plot you may guess much of the Characters of the Persons. An Old Father that would willingly before he dies see his Son well married; his Debauched Son, kind in his Nature to his Wench, but miserably in want of Money, a Servant or Slave, who has so much wit to strike in with him, and help to dupe his Father, a Braggadochio, Captain, a Parasite, and a Lady of Pleasure.
“As for the poor honest Maid, whom all the Story is built upon, and who ought to be one of the principal Actors in the Play, she is commonly a Mute in it: She has the breeding of the Old Elizabeth way, for Maids to be seen and not to be heard; and it is enough you know she is willing to be married, when the Fifth Act requires it.
“These are Plots built after the Italian Mode of Houses, you see through them all at once; the Characters are indeed the Imitations of Nature, but so narrow as if they had imitated only an Eye or an Hand, and did not dare to venture on the lines of a Face, or the Proportion of a Body.
“But in how straight a compass soever they have bounded their Plots and Characters, we will pass in by, if they have regularly pursued them, and perfectly observed those three Unities of Time, Place, and Action: the knowledge of which you say is derived to us from them. But in the first place give me leave to tell you, that the Unity of Place, how ever it might be practiced by them, was never any of their Rules: We neither find it in Aristotle, Horace, of any who have written of it, till in our age the French Poets first made it a Precept of the Stage. The unity of time, even Terence himself (who was the best and the most regular of them) has neglected: His Heautontimoroumenos or Self-Punisher takes up visibly two days; therefore says Scaliger, the two first Acts concluding the first day, were acted over-night; the three last on the ensuing day: and Euripides, in trying himself to one day, has committed an absurdity never to be forgiven him: for in one of his Tragedies he has made Theseus go from Athens to Thebes, which was about forty English miles, under the walls of it to give battle, and appear victorious in the next Act; and yet from the time of his departure to the return of the Nuntius, who gives the relation of his Victory, Æthra and the Chorus have but Verses; that is not for every Mile a Verse.
“The like error is as evident in Terence’s Eunuch, when Laches, the old man, enters in a mistake the house of Thais, where betwixt his Exit and the entrance of Pythias, who comes to give an ample relation of the Garboyles he has raised within, Parmeno who was left upon the Stage, has not above five lines to speak: C’est bien employé un temps si court [It is well to employ such a short time—Corneille, Troisième Discours—ed.], says the French Poet, who furnished me with one of the observations; And almost all their Tragedies will afford us examples of the like nature.
“’Tis true, they have kept the continuity, or as you called it Liaison des Scenes somewhat better: two do not perpetually come in together, talk, and go out together; and other two succeed them, and do the same throughout the Act, which the English call by the name of single Scenes; but the reason is, because they have seldom above two or three Scenes, properly so called, in every act; for it is to be accounted a new Scene, not every time the Stage is empty, but every person who enters, though to others, makes it so: because he introduces a new business: Now the Plots of their Plays being narrow, and the persons few, one of their Acts was written in a less compass than one of our well wrought Scenes, and yet they are often deficient even in this: To go no further than Terence, you find in the Eunuch, Antipho entering single in the midst of the third Act, after Chremes and Pythias were gone off: In the same Play you have likewise Dorias beginning the fourth Act alone; and after she has made a relation of what was done at the Soldier’s entertainment (which by the way was very inartificial to do, because she was presumed to speak directly to the Audience, and to acquaint them with what was necessary to be known, but yet should have been so contrived by the Poet as to have been told by persons of the Drama to one another, and so by them to have come to the knowledge of the people) she quits the Stage, and Phœdria enters next, alone likewise: He also gives you an account of himself, and of his returning from the Country in Monologue, his Adelphi or Brothers, Syrus and Demea enter; after the Scene was broken by the departure of Sostrata, Geta and Cathara; and indeed you can scarce look into any of his Comedies, where you will not presently discover the same interruption.
“But as they have failed both in laying of their Plots, and managing of them, swerving from the Rules of their own Art, by misrepresenting Nature to us, in which they have ill satisfied one intention of a Play, which was delight, so in the instructive part they have erred worse: instead of punishing Vice and rewarding Virtue, they have often shown a Prosperous Wickedness, and Unhappy Piety: They have set before us a bloody image of revenge in Medea, and given her Dragons to convey her safe from punishment. A Priam and Astyanax murdered, and Cassandra ravished, and the lust and murder ending in the victory of him that acted them: In short, there is no indecorum in any of our modern Plays, which if I would excuse, I could not shadow with some Authority from the Ancients.
“And one farther note of them let me leave you: Tragedies and Comedies were not writ then as they are now, promiscuously, by the same person; but he who found his genius bending to the one, never attempted the other way. This is so plain, that I need not instance to you, that Aristophanes, Plautus, Terence, never any of them writ a Tragedy; Æschylus, Euripides, Sophocles and Seneca, never meddled with Comedy; the Sock and Buskin were not worn by the same Poet: having then so much care to excel in one kind, very little is to be pardoned them if they miscarried in it; and this would lead me to the consideration of their wit, had not Crites given me sufficient warning not to be too bold in my judgment of it; because the languages being dead, and many of the Customs and little accidents on which it depended, lost to us, we are not competent judges of it. But though I grant that here and there we may miss the application of a Proverb or a Custom, yet a thing well said will be wit in all Languages; and though it may lose something in the Translation, yet, to him who reads it in the Original, ’tis still the same; He has an Idea of its excellency, though it cannot pass from his mind into any other expression or words than those in which he finds it. When Phœdria, in the Eunuch, had a command from his Mistress to be absent two days; and encouraging himself to go through with it, said; Tandem ego non illa caream, si opus sit, vel totum triduum? [Shall I not do without her, if need be, even for three whole days?—ed.] Parmeno to mock the softness of his Master, lifting up his hands and eyes, cries out as it were in admiration; Hui! universum triduum! [Alas! all of three days!—ed.] the elegancy of which universum, though it cannot be rendered in our language, yet leaves an impression of the wit upon our souls: but this happens seldom in him, in Plautus oftener; who is infinitely too bold in his Metaphors and coining words; out of which many times his wit is nothing, which questionless was one reason why Horace falls upon him so severely in those Verses:
Sed Proavi nostri Plautinos et numeros, et
Laudavere sales, nimium patienter utrumque,
Ne dicam stolidè.
[Our forebears praised both the versification
and the witticisms of Plautus—all too indulgently,
not to say stupidly—ed.]
For Horace himself was cautious to obtrude a new word upon his Readers, and makes custom and common use the best measure of receiving it into our writings.
Multa renascentur quæ nunc cecidere, cadentque
Quœ nunc sunt in honore vocabula, si volet usus,
Quem penes, arbitrium est, et jus, et norma loquendi.
[Many words now fallen into disuse will be revived,
Many now accepted will fall into disuse, according to the
demands
Of practice, which governs the choice, the right, and the norm
of speech—ed.]
“The not observing this Rule is that which the world has blamed in our Satirist Cleveland; to express a thing hard and unnaturally, is his new way of Elocution: ’Tis true, no Poet but may sometimes use a Catachresis; Virgil does it—
Mistaque ridenti Colocasia fundet Acantho
[And the colocasia will spread forth, mingled with the
laughing acanthus—ed.]
—in his Eclogue of Pollio, and in his 7th Æneid.
miratur et undœ,
Miratur nemus, insuetum fulgentia longe,
Scuta virum fiuvio, pictasque innare carinas
[The woods and waters wonder at the gleam
Of shields, and painted ships, that stem the stream
(trans. Dryden’s)].
And Ovid once so modestly, that he asks leave to do it:
quem si verbo audacia detur,
Haud metuam summi dixisse Palatia cœli
[if I may use such a bold figure,
I should not hesitate to call it the palace of the sky—ed.]
—calling the Court of Jupiter by the name of Augustus’s Palace, though in another place he is more bold, where he says, Et longas visent Capitolia pompas [And the capitol will see long processions—ed.]. But to do this always, and never be able to write a line without it, though it may be admired by some few Pedants, will not pass upon those who know that wit is best conveyed to us in the most easy language; and is most to be admired when a great thought comes dressed in words so commonly received that it is understood by the meanest apprehensions, as the best meat is the most easily digested: but we cannot read a verse of Cleveland’s without making a face at it, as if every word were a Pill to swallow: he gives us many times a hard Nut to break our Teeth, without a Kernel for our pains. So that there is this difference betwixt his Satires and Doctor Donne’s: That the one gives us deep thought in common language, though rough cadence; the other gives us common thoughts in abstruse words: ’Tis true, in some places his wit is independent of his words, as in that of the Rebel Scot:
Had Cain been Scot God would have changed his doom;
Not forced him wander, but confined him home.
“Si sic, omnia dixisset! [If only he had said everything thus—ed.] This is within all languages: ’Tis like Mercury, never to be lost or killed; and so that other—
For Beauty like White-powder makes no noise,
And yet the silent Hypocrite destroys.
You see the last line is highly Metaphorical, but it is so soft and gentle, that it does not shock us as we read it.
“But, to return from whence I have digressed, to the consideration of the Ancients’ Writing and their Wit, (of which by this time you will grant us in some measure to be fit judges). Though I see many excellent thoughts in Seneca, yet he, of them who had a Genius most proper for the Stage, was Ovid, he had a way of writing so fit to stir up a pleasing admiration and concernment which are the objects of a Tragedy, and to show the various movements of a Soul combating betwixt two different Passions, that, had he lived in our age, or, in his own could have writ with our advantages, no man but must have yielded to him; and therefore I am confident the Medea is none of his: for, though esteem it for the gravity and sententiousness of it, which he himself concludes to be suitable to a Tragedy, Omne genus scripti gravitate Tragœdia vincit [Tragedy surpasses every kind of writing in gravity—ed.], yet it moves not my soul enough to judge that he, who in the Epic way wrote things so near the Drama as the Story of Myrrha, of Caunus and Biblis, and the rest, should stir up no more concernment where he most endeavored it. The Master piece of Seneca I hold to be that Scene in the Troades, where Ulysses is seeking for Astyanax to kill him; There you see the tenderness of a Mother, so represented in Andromache, that it raises compassion to a high degree in the Reader, and bears the nearest resemblance of any thing in their Tragedies to the excellent Scenes of Passion in Shakespeare, or in Fletcher: for Love Scenes you will find few among them, their Tragic Poets dealt not with that soft passion, but with Lust, Cruelty, Revenge, Ambition, and those bloody actions they produced; which were more capable of raising horror than compassion in an audience: leaving love untouched, whose gentleness would have tempered them, which is the most frequent of all the passions, and which being the private concernment of every person, is soothed by viewing its own image in a public entertainment.
“Among their Comedies, we find a Scene or two of tenderness, and that where you would least expect it, in Plautus; but to speak generally, their Lovers say little, when they see each other, but anima mea, vita mea [my soul, my life—ed.], zōe kai psyche [my life, my soul—ed.], as the women in Juvenal’s time used to cry out in the fury of their kindness: then indeed to speak sense were an offence. Any sudden gust of passion (as an ecstasy of love in an unexpected meeting) cannot better be expressed than in a word and a sigh, breaking one another. Nature is dumb on such occasions, and to make her speak, would be to represent her unlike her self. But there are a thousand other concernments of Lovers, as jealousies, complaints, contrivances and the like, where not to open their minds at large to each other, were to be wanting to their own love, and to the expectation of the Audience, who watch the movements of their minds, as much as the changes of their fortunes. For the imaging of the first is properly the work of a Poet, the latter he borrows of the Historian.”
Eugenius was proceeding in that part of his Discourse, when Crites interrupted him. “I see,” said he, “Eugenius and I are never like to have this Question decided betwixt us; for he maintains the Moderns have acquired a new perfection in writing, I can only grant they have altered the mode of it. Homer described his Heroes men of great appetites, lovers of beef broiled upon the coals, and good fellows; contrary to the practice of the French Romances, whose Heroes neither eat, nor drink, nor sleep, for love. Virgil makes Æneas a bold Avower of his own virtues,
Sum pius Æneas fama super athera notus;
[I am dutiful Aeneas of fame known above the heavens—ed.]
which in the civility of our Poets is the Character of a fanfaron [braggart—ed.] or Hector: for with us the Knight takes occasion to walk out, or sleep, to avoid the vanity of telling his own Story, which the trusty Squire is ever to perform for him. So in their Love Scenes, of which Eugenius spoke last, the Ancients were more hearty; we more talkative: they writ love as it was then the mode to make it, and I will grant thus much to Eugenius, that perhaps one of their Poets, had he lived in our Age, Si foret hoc nostrum fato delapsus in avum [If he had been dropped by fate into our age—ed.] (as Horace says of Lucilius), he had altered many things; not that they were not as natural before, but that he might accommodate himself to the Age he lived in: yet in the mean time we are not to conclude any thing rashly against those great men; but preserve to them the dignity of Masters, and give that honor to their memories, (Quos Libitina sacravit [which Libitina has consecrated—ed.]) part of which we expect may be paid to us in future times.”
This moderation of Crites, as it was pleasing to all the company, so it put an end to that dispute; which, Eugenius, who seemed to have the better of the Argument, would urge no farther: but Lisideius after he had acknowledged himself of Eugenius’s opinion concerning the Ancients; yet told him he had forborne, till his Discourse were ended, to ask him why he preferred the English Plays above those of other Nations? and whether we ought not to submit our Stage to the exactness of our next Neighbors?
“Though,” said Eugenius, “I am at all times ready to defend the honor of my Country against the French, and to maintain, we are as well able to vanquish them with our Pens as our Ancestors have been with their swords; yet, if you please,” added he, looking upon Neander, “I will commit this cause to my friend’s management; his opinion of our Plays is the same with mine: and besides, there is no reason, that Crites and I, who have now left the Stage, should re-enter so suddenly upon it; which is against the Laws of Comedy.”
“If the Question had been stated,” replied Lysideius, “who had writ best, the French or English, forty years ago, I should have been of your opinion, and adjudged the honor to our own Nation; but since that time,” (said he, turning towards Neander) “we have been so long together bad Englishmen, that we had not leisure to be good Poets, Beaumont, Fletcher, and Jonson (who were only capable of bringing us to that degree of perfection which we have) were just then leaving the world; as if (in an Age of so much horror) wit and those milder studies of humanity, had no farther business among us. But the Muses, who ever follow Peace, went to plant in another Country; it was then that the great Cardinal of Richelieu began to take them into his protection; and that, by his encouragement, Corneille and some other Frenchmen reformed their Theatre, (which before was as much below ours as it now surpasses it and the rest of Europe). But because Crites, in his Discourse for the Ancients, has prevented me, by touching upon many Rules of the Stage, which the Moderns have borrowed from them; I shall only, in short, demand of you, whether you are not convinced that of all Nations the French have best observed them? In the unity of time you find them so scrupulous, that it yet remains a dispute among their Poets, whether the artificial day of twelve hours more or less, be not meant by Aristotle, rather than the natural one of twenty four; and consequently whether all Plays ought not to be reduced into that compass? This I can testify, that in all their Drama’s writ within these last years and upwards, I have not observed any that have extended the time to thirty hours: in the unity of place they are full as scrupulous, for many of their Critics limit it to that very spot of ground where the Play is supposed to begin; none of them exceed the compass of the same Town or City. The unity of Action in all their Plays is yet more conspicuous, for they do not burden them with under-plots, as the English do; which is the reason why many Scenes of our Tragi-comedies carry on a design that is no thing of kin to the main Plot; and that we see two distinct webs in a Play; like those in ill wrought stuffs; and two actions, that is, two Plays carried on together, to the confounding of the Audience; who, before they are warm in their concernments for one part, are diverted to another; and by that means espouse the interest of neither. From hence likewise it arises that the one half of our Actors are not known to the other. They keep their distances as if they were Montagues and Capulets, and seldom begin an acquaintance till the last Scene of the Fifth Act, when they are all to meet upon the Stage. There is no Theatre in the world has any thing so absurd as the English Tragicomedy, ’tis a Drama of our own invention, and the fashion of it is enough to proclaim it so, here a course of mirth, there another of sadness and passion; a third of honor, and fourth a Duel: Thus in two hours and a half we run through all the fits of Bedlam. The French affords you as much variety on the same day, but they do it not so unseasonably, or mal à propos [inappropriately—ed.] as we: Our Poets present you the Play and the farce together; and our Stages still retain somewhat of the Original civility of the Red-Bull; Atque ursum et pugiles media inter carmina poscunt [they ask for a bear or boxers in the middle of plays. The end of Tragedies or serious Plays, says Aristotle, is to beget admiration, compassion, or concernment; but are not mirth and compassion things incompatible? and is it not evident that the Poet must of necessity destroy the former by intermingling of the latter? that is, he must ruin the sole end and object of his Tragedy to introduce somewhat that is forced in, and is not of the body of it: Would you not think that Physician mad, who having prescribed a Purge, should immediately order you to take restringents upon it?
“But to leave our Plays, and return to theirs, I have noted one great advantage they have had in the Plotting of their Tragedies; that is, they are always grounded upon some known History: according to that of Horace, Ex noto fictum carmen sequar [Out of a known story I should bring a poem—ed.]; and in that they have so imitated the Ancients that they have surpassed them. For the Ancients, as was observed before, took for the foundation of their Plays some Poetical Fiction, such as under that consideration could move but little concernment in the Audience, because they already knew the event of it. But the French goes farther;
Atque ita mentitur; sic veris falsæ remiscet,
Primo ne medium, medio ne discrepet imum:
[He so lies and so mingles the false with the true
that the middle will not disagree with the first, nor the last
with the middle—ed.]
He so interweaves Truth with probable Fiction, that he puts a pleasing Fallacy upon us; mends the intrigues of Fate, and dispenses with the severity of History, to reward that virtue which has been rendered to us there unfortunate. Sometimes the story has left the success so doubtful, that the Writer is free, by the privilege of a Poet, to take that which of two or more relations will best suit with his design: As for example, the death of Cyrus, whom Justin and some others report to have perished in the Scythian war, but Xenophon affirms to have died in his bed of extreme old age. Nay more, when the event is past dispute, even then we are willing to be deceived, and the Poet, if he contrives it with appearance of truth; has all the audience of his Party; at least during the time his Play is acting: so naturally we are kind to virtue, when our own interest is not in question, that we take it up as the general concernment of Mankind. On the other side, if you consider the Historical Plays of Shakespeare, they are rather so many Chronicles of Kings, or the business many times of thirty or forty years, cramped into a representation of two hours and a half, which is not to imitate or paint Nature, but rather to draw her in miniature, to take her in little; to look upon her through the wrong end of a Perspective, and receive her Images not only much less, but infinitely more imperfect than the life: this instead of making a Play delightful, renders it ridiculous.
Quodcunque ostendis mihi sic, incredulus odi.
[Unbelieving, I hate whatever you show me in this
manner—ed.]
For the Spirit of man cannot be satisfied but with truth, or at least verisimility, and a Poem is to contain, if not ta etyma [true things], yet etymoisin homoid [things like the truth—ed.], as one of the Greek Poets has expressed it.
“Another thing in which the French differ from us and from the Spaniards, is, that they do not embarrass, or cumber themselves with too much Plot: they only represent so much of a Story as will constitute one whole and great action sufficient for a Play; we, who undertake more, do but multiply adventures; which not being produced from one another, as effects from causes, but barely following, constitute many actions in the Drama, and consequently make it many Plays.
“But by pursuing close one argument, which is not cloyed with many turns, the French have gained more liberty for verse, in which they write: they have leisure to dwell upon a subject which deserves it; and to represent the passions (which we have acknowledged to be the Poet’s work) without being hurried from one thing to another, as we are in the Plays of Calderon, which we have seen lately upon our Theaters, under the name of Spanish Plots. I have taken notice but of one Tragedy of ours, whose Plot has that uniformity and unity of design in it which I have commended in the French; and that is Rollo, or rather, under the name of Rollo, the story of Bassianus and Geta in Herodian, there indeed the Plot is neither large nor intricate, but just enough to fill the minds of the Audience, not to cloy them. Besides, you see it founded upon the truth of History, only the time of the action is not reducible to the strictness of the Rules; and you see in some places a little farce mingled, which is below the dignity of the other parts; and in this all our Poets are extremely peccant, even Ben Jonson himself in Sejanus and Catiline has given us this Oleo [also Olio: a hodgepodge of many various ingredients—ed.] of a Play; this unnatural mixture of Comedy and Tragedy, which to me sounds just as ridiculously as the History of David with the merry humors of Golias. In Sejanus you may take notice of the Scene betwixt Livia and the Physician, which is a pleasant Satire upon the artificial helps of beauty: In Catiline you may see the Parliament of Women; the little envies of them to one another; and all that passes betwixt Curio and Fulvia: Scenes admirable in their kind, but of an ill mingle with the rest.
“But I return again to French Writers; who, as I have said, do not burden themselves too much with Plot, which has been reproached to them by an ingenious person of our Nation as a fault, for he says they commonly make but one person considerable in a Play; they dwell upon him, and his concernments, while the rest of the persons are only subservient to set him off. If he intends this by it, that there is one person in the Play who is of greater dignity than the rest, he must tax, not only theirs, but those of the Ancients, and which he would be loth to do, the best of ours; for ’tis impossible but that one person must be more conspicuous in it than any other, and consequently the greatest share in the action must devolve on him, We see it so in the management of all affairs; even in the most equal Aristocracy, the balance cannot be so justly poised, but some one will be superior to the rest; either in parts, fortune, interest, or the consideration of some glorious exploit; which will reduce the greatest part of business into his hands.
“But, if he would have us to imagine that in exalting of one character the rest of them are neglected, and that all of them have not some share or other in the action of the Play, I desire him to produce any of Corneille’s Tragedies, wherein every person (like so many servants in a well governed Family) has not some employment, and who is not necessary to the carrying on of the Plot, or at least to your understanding it.
“There are indeed some prosaic persons in the Ancients, whom they make use of in their Plays, either to hear, or give the Relation: but the French avoid this with great address, making their narrations only to, or by such who are some way interested in the main design. And now I am speaking of Relations, I cannot take a fitter opportunity to add this in favor of the French, that they often use them with better judgment and more à propos [to the purpose (the earliest recorded use in English)—ed.] than the English do. Not that I commend narrations in general, but there are two sorts of them; one of those things which are antecedent to the Play, and are related to make the conduct of it more clear to us, but, ’tis a fault to choose such subjects for the Stage which will enforce us upon that Rock; because we see they are seldom listened to by the Audience, and that is many times the ruin of the Play: for, being once let pass without attention, the Audience can never recover themselves to understand the Plot; and indeed it is somewhat unreasonable that they should be put to so much trouble, as, that to comprehend what passes in their sight, they must have recourse to what was done, perhaps, ten or twenty years ago.
“But there is another sort of Relations, that is, of things happening in the Action of the Play, and supposed to be done behind the Scenes: and this is many times both convenient and beautiful: for, by it, the French avoid the tumult, which we are subject to in England, by representing Duels, Battles, and the like; which renders our Stage too like the Theaters, where they fight Prizes. For what is more ridiculous than to represent an Army with a Drum and five men behind it; all which, the Hero of the other side is to drive in before him, or to see a Duel fought, and one slain with two or three thrusts of the foils, which we know are so blunted, that we might give a man an hour to kill another in good earnest with them.
“I have observed that in all our Tragedies, the Audience cannot forbear laughing when the Actors are to die; ’tis the most Comic part of the whole Play. All passions may be lively represented on the Stage, if to the well-writing of them the Actor supplies a good commanded voice, and limbs that move easily and without stiffness; but there are many actions which can never be imitated to a just height: dying especially is a thing which none but a Roman Gladiator could naturally perform upon the Stage when he did not imitate or represent, but naturally do it; and therefore it is better to omit the representation of it.
“The words of a good Writer which describe it lively, will make a deeper impression of belief in us than all the Actor can persuade us to, when he seems to fall dead before us; as a Poet in the description of a beautiful Garden, or a Meadow, will please our imagination more than the place itself can please our sight. When we see death represented we are convinced it is but Fiction; but when we hear it related, our eyes (the strongest witnesses) are wanting, which might have undeceived us; and we are all willing to favor the sleight when the Poet does not too grossly impose upon us. They therefore who imagine these relations would make no concernment in the Audience, are deceived, by confounding them with the other, which are of things antecedent to the Play; those are made often in cold blood (as I may say) to the audience; but these are warmed with our concernments, which are before awakened in the Play. What the Philosophers say of motion, that when it is once begun it continues of it self, and will do so to Eternity without some stop put to it, is clearly true on this occasion; the soul being already moved with the Characters and Fortunes of those imaginary persons, continues going of its own accord, and we are no more weary to hear what becomes of them when they are not on the Stage, then we are to listen to the news of an absent Mistress. But it is objected, That if one part of the Play may be related, then why not all? I answer, Some parts of the action are more fit to be represented, some to be related. Corneille says judiciously, that the Poet is not obliged to expose to view all particular actions which conduce to the principal: he ought to select such of them to be seen which will appear with the greatest beauty; either by the magnificence of the show, or the vehemence of passions which they produce, or some other charm which they have in them, and let the rest arrive to the audience by narration. ’Tis a great mistake in us to believe the French present no part of the action upon the Stage: every alteration or crossing of a design, every new sprung passion, and turn of it, is a part of the action, and much the noblest, except we conceive nothing to be action till they come to blows; as if the painting of the Heroes mind were not more properly the Poets work than the strength of his body. Nor does this any thing contradict the opinion of Horace, where he tells us,
Segnius irritant animos demissa per aurem
Quam quæ sunt oculis subjecta fidelibus
[Matters transmitted through the ear stir the spirit
less forcibly than those set before the trustworthy eyes]
—For he says immediately after,
Non tamen intus
Digna geri promes in scenam, multaque tolles
Ex oculis, quæ mox narret facundia præsens.
[You shall not bring on the stage
Things that should be accomplished offstage; you shall
remove from my sight
Things that resourceful eloquence will effectively narrate]
Among which many he recounts some.
Nec pueros coram populo Medea trucidet,
Aut in avem Progne mutetur, Cadmus in anguem, etc.
[Medea should not butcher her children in public,
Nor Procne be changed into a bird, Cadmus into a snake, etc.]
“That is, those actions which by reason of their cruelty will cause aversion in us, or by reason of their impossibility unbelief, ought either wholly to be avoided by a Poet, or only delivered by narration. To which, we may have leave to add such as to avoid tumult, (as was before hinted) or to reduce the Plot into a more reasonable compass of time, or for defect of Beauty in them, are rather to be related than presented to the eye. Examples of all these kinds are frequent, not only among all the Ancients, but in the best received of our English Poets. We find Ben Jonson using them in his Magnetic Lady, where one comes out from Dinner, and relates the quarrels and disorders of it to save the undecent appearing of them on the Stage, and to abbreviate the Story: and this in express imitation of Terence, who had done the same before him in his Eunuch, where Pythias makes the like relation of what had happened within at the Soldier’s entertainment. The relations likewise of Sejanus’s death, and the prodigies before it are remarkable, the one of which was hid from sight to avoid the horror and tumult of the representation; the other to shun the introducing of things impossible to be believed. In that excellent Play The King and No King, Fletcher goes yet farther; for the whole unraveling of the Plot is done by narration in the fifth Act, after the manner of the Ancients; and it moves great concernment in the Audience, though it be only a relation of what was done many years before the Play. I could multiply other instances, but these are sufficient to prove that there is no error in choosing a subject which requires this sort of narrations; in the ill managing of them, there may.
“But I find I have been too long in this discourse since the French have many other excellencies not common to use, as that you never see any of their Plays end with a conversion, or simple change of will, which is the ordinary way our Poets use to end theirs. It shows little art in the conclusion of a Dramatick Poem, when they who have hindered the felicity during the four Acts, desist from it in the fifth without some powerful cause to take them off; and though I deny not but such reasons may be found, yet it is a path that is cautiously to be trod, and the Poet is to be sure he convinces the Audience that the motive is strong enough. As for example, the conversion of the Usurer in The Scornful Lady, seems to me a little forced; for being an Usurer, which implies a lover of Money to the highest degree of covetousness, (and such the Poet has represented him) the account he gives for the sudden change is, that he has been duped by the wild young fellow, which in reason might render him more wary another time, and make him punish himself with harder fare and courser clothes to get it up again: but that he should look upon it as a judgment, and so repent, we may expect to hear of in a Sermon, but I should never endure it in a Play.
“I pass by this; neither will I insist upon the care they take, that no person after his first entrance shall ever appear, but the business which brings him upon the Stage shall be evident: which, if observed, must needs render all the events in the Play more natural; for there you see the probability of every accident, in the cause that produced it; and that which appears chance in the Play, will seem so reasonable to you, that you will there find it almost necessary; so that in the exits of their Actors you have a clear account of their purpose and design in the next entrance: (though, if the Scene be well wrought, the event will commonly deceive you) for there is nothing so absurd, says Corneille, as for an Actor to leave the Stage, only because he has no more to say.
“I should now speak of the beauty of their Rhyme, and the just reason I have to prefer that way of writing in the Tragedies before ours in Blank verse; but because it is partly received by us, and therefore not altogether peculiar to them, I will say no more of it in relation to their Plays. For our own I doubt not but it will exceedingly beautify them, and I can see but one reason why it should not generally obtain, that is, because our Poets write so ill in it. This indeed may prove a more prevailing argument than all others which are used to destroy it, and therefore I am only troubled when great and judicious Poets, and those who acknowledged such, have writ or spoke against it; as for others they are to be answered by that one sentence of an ancient Author, Sed ut primo ad consequendos eos quos priores ducimus accendimur, ita ubi autpræteriri, aut æquari eos posse desperavimus, studium cum spe senescit: quod, scilicet, assequi non potest, sequi desinit; præteritoque, eo in quo eminere no possumus, aliquid in quo nitamur conquirimus [But as we are stimulated to follow those whom we consider foremost, so, when we despair of surpassing or even equaling them, our zeal wanes with our hope; indeed, because it cannot excel, it ceases to follow. When that in which we cannot excel is in the past, we look for something worthy of striving after—ed.].”
Lisideius concluded in this manner; and Neander after a little pause thus answered him.
“I shall grant Lisideius, without much dispute, a great part of what he has urged against us, for I acknowledge the French contrive their Plots more regularly, observe the Laws of Comedy, and decorum of the Stage (to speak generally) with more exactness than the English. Farther I deny not but he has taxed us justly in some irregularities of ours which he has mentioned; yet, after all, I am of opinion that neither our faults nor their virtues are considerable enough to place them above us.
“For the lively imitation of Nature being in the definition of a Play, those which best fulfill that law ought to be esteemed superior to the others. ’Tis true, those beauties of the French-poesy are such as will raise perfection higher where it is, but are not sufficient to give it where it is not: they are indeed the Beauties of a Statue, but not of a Man, because not animated with the Soul of Poesy, which is imitation of humor and passions: and this Lisideius himself, or any other, however biased to their Party, cannot but acknowledge, if he will either compare the humors of our Comedies, or the Characters of our serious Plays with theirs. He that will look upon theirs which have been written till these last ten years or thereabouts, will find it an hard matter to pick out two or three passable humors amongst them. Corneille himself, their Arch-Poet, what has he produced except The Liar, and you know how it was cried up in France; but when it came upon the English Stage, though well translated, and that part of Dorant acted to so much advantage by Mr. Hart, as I am confident it never received in its own Country, the most favourable to it would not put in competition with many of Fletcher’s or Ben Jonson’s. In the rest of Corneille’s Comedies you have little humor; he tells you himself his way is first to show two Lovers in good intelligence with each other; in the working up of the Play to embroil them by some mistake, and in the latter end to clear it up.
“But of late years de Molière, the younger Corneille, Quinault, and some others, have been imitating of afar off the quick turns and graces of the English Stage. They have mixed their serious Plays with mirth, like our Tragicomedies since the death of Cardinal Richelieu, which Lisideius and many others not observing, have commended that in them for a virtue which they themselves no longer practice. Most of their new Plays are like some of ours, derived from the Spanish Novels. There is scarce one of them without a veil, and a trusty Diego, who drolls much after the rate of The Adventures. But their humors, if I may grace them with that name, are so thin sown that never above one of them come up in any Play: I dare take upon me to find more variety of them in some one Play of Ben Jonson’s than in all theirs together: as he who has seen The Alchemist, The Silent Woman, or Bartholomew Fair, cannot but acknowledge with me.
“I grant the French have performed what was possible on the groundwork of the Spanish Plays; what was pleasant before they have made regular; but there is not above one good Play to be writ upon all those Plots; they are too much alike to please often, which we need not the experience of our own Stage to justify. As for their new way of mingling mirth with serious Plot I do not with Lysideius condemn the thing, though I cannot approve their manner of doing it: He tells us we cannot so speedily recollect our selves after a Scene of great passion and concernment as to pass to another of mirth and humor, and to enjoy it with any relish: but why should he imagine the soul of man more heaven than his Senses? Does not the eye pass from an unpleasant object to a pleasant in a much shorter time than is required to this? and does not the unpleasantness of the first commend the beauty of the latter? The old Rule of Logic might have convinced him, that contraries when placed near, set off each other. A continued gravity keeps the spirit too much bent; we must refresh it sometimes, as we bait upon a journey, that we may go on with greater ease. A Scene of mirth mixed with Tragedy has the same effect upon us which our music has betwixt the Acts, and that we find a relief to us from the best Plots and language of the Stage, if the discourses have been long. I must therefore have stronger arguments ere I am convinced, that compassion and mirth in the same subject destroy each other; and in the mean time cannot but conclude, to the honor of our Nation, that we have invented, increased and perfected a more pleasant way of writing for the Stage than was ever known to the Ancients or Moderns of any Nation, which is Tragicomedy.
“And this leads me to wonder why Lisideius and many others should cry up the barrenness of the French Plots above the variety and copiousness of the English. Their Plots are single, they carry on one design which is pushed forward by all the Actors, every Scene in the Play contributing and moving towards it: Ours, besides the main design, have under-plots or by-concernments, of less considerable Persons, and Intrigues, which are carried on with the motion of the main Plot: just as they say the Orb of the fixed Stars, and those of the Planets, though they have motions of their own, are whirled about by the motion of the primum mobile [prime mover—ed.], in which they are contained: that similitude expresses much of the English Stage: for if contrary motions may be found in Nature to agree; if a Planet can go East and West at the same time; one way by virtue of his own motion, the other by the force of the first mover; it will not be difficult to imagine how the under Plot, which is only different, not contrary to the great design, may naturally be conducted along with it.
“Eugenius has already shown us, from the confession of the French Poets, that the Unity of Action is sufficiently preserved if all the imperfect actions of the Play are conducing to the main design: but when those petty intrigues of a Play are so ill ordered that they have no coherence with the other, I must grant Lisideius has reason to tax that want of due connection; for Coordination in a Play is as dangerous and unnatural as in a State. In the mean time he must acknowledge our variety, if well ordered, will afford a greater pleasure to the audience.
“As for his other argument, that by pursuing one single Theme they gain an advantage to express and work up the passions, I wish any example he could bring from them would make it good: for I confess their verses are to me the coldest I have ever read: Neither indeed is it possible for them, in the way they take, so to express passion, as that the effects of it should appear in the concemment of an Audience: their Speeches being so many declamations, which tire us with length; so that instead of persuading us to grieve for their imaginary Heroes, we are concerned for our own trouble, as we are in the tedious visits of bad company; we are in pain till they are gone. When the French Stage came to be reformed by Cardinal Richelieu, those long Harangues were introduced, to comply with the gravity of a Churchman. Look upon the Cinna and the Pompey, they are not so properly to be called Plays, as long discourses of reason of State: and Polieucte in matters in Religion is as solemn as the long stops upon our Organs. Since that time it is grown into a custom, and their Actors speak by the Hour-glass, as our Parsons do; nay, they account it the grace of their parts: and think themselves disparaged by the Poet, if they may not twice or thrice in a Play entertain the Audience with a Speech of an hundred or two hundred lines. I deny not but this may suit well enough with the French; for as we, who are a more sullen people, come to be diverted at our Plays; they who are of an airy and gay temper come thither to make themselves more serious: And this I conceive to be one reason why Comedy is more pleasing to us, and Tragedies to them. But to speak generally, it cannot be denied that short Speeches and Replies are more apt to more the passions, and beget concernment in us than the other: for it is unnatural for any one in a gust of passion to speak long together, or for another in the same condition, to suffer him, without interruption. Grief and Passion are like floods raised in little Brooks by a sudden rain; they are quickly up, and if the concernment be poured unexpectedly in upon us, it overflows us: But a long sober shower gives them leisure to run out as they came in, without troubling the ordinary current. As for Comedy, Repartee is one of its chiefest graces; the greatest pleasure of the Audience is a chase of wit kept up on both sides, and swiftly managed. And this our forefathers, if not we, have had in Fletcher’s Plays, to a much higher degree of perfection than the French Poets can arrive at.
“There is another part of Lisideius’s Discourse, in which he has rather excused our neighbors than commended them; that is, for aiming only to make one person considerable in their Plays. ’Tis very true what he has urged, that one character in all Plays, even without the Poet’s care, will have advantage of all the others; and that the design of the whole Drama will chiefly depend on it. But this hinders not that there may be more shining characters in the Play many persons of a second magnitude, nay, some so very near, so almost equal to the first, that greatness may be opposed to greatness, and all the persons be made considerable, not only by their quality, but their action. ’Tis evident that the more the persons are, the greater will be the variety, of the Plot. If then the parts are managed so regularly that the beauty of the whole be kept entire, and that the variety become not a perplexed and confused mass of accidents, you will find it infinitely pleasing to be led in a labyrinth of design, where you see some of your way before you, yet discern not the end till you arrive at it. And that all this is practicable, I can produce for examples many of our English Plays: as The Maid’s Tragedy, The Alchemist, The Silent Woman; I was going to have named The Fox, but that the unity of design seems not exactly observed in it; for there appears two actions in the Play; the first naturally ending with the fourth Act; the second forced from it in the fifth: which yet is the less to be condemned in him, because the disguise of Volpone, though it suited not with his character as a crafty or covetous person, agreed well enough with that of a voluptuary: and by it the Poet gained the end he aimed at, the punishment of Vice, and the reward of Virtue, which that disguise produced. So that to judge equally of it, it was an excellent fifth Act, but not so naturally proceeding from the former.
“But to leave this, and pass to the latter part of Lisideius’s discourse, which concerns relations, I must acknowledge with him, that the French have reason when they hide that part of the action which would occasion too much tumult upon the Stage, and choose rather to have it made known by the narration to the Audience. Farther I think it very convenient, for the reasons he has given, that all incredible actions were removed; but, whither custom has so insinuated it self into our Country-men, or nature has so formed them to fierceness, I know not, but they will scarcely suffer combats and other objects of horror to be taken from them. And indeed, the indecency of tumults is all which can be objected against fighting: For why may not our imagination as well suffer itself to be deluded with the probability of it, as with any other thing in the Play? For my part, I can with as great ease persuade my self that the blows which are struck are given in good earnest, as I can, that they who strike them are Kings or Princes, or those persons which they represent. For objects of incredibility I would be satisfied from Lisideius, whether we have any so removed from all appearance of truth as are those of Corneille’s Andromede? A Play which has been frequented the most of any he has writ? If the Perseus, or the Son of an Heathen God, the Pegasus and the Monster were not capable to choke a strong belief, let him blame any representation of ours hereafter. Those indeed were objects of delight; yet the reason is the same as to the probability: for he makes it not a Ballette or Masque, but a Play, which is to resemble truth. But for death, that it ought not to be represented, I have besides the Arguments alleged by Lisideius, the authority of Ben Jonson, who has forborne it in his Tragedies; for both the death of Sejanus and Catiline are related: though in the latter I cannot but observe one irregularity of that great Poet: he has removed the Scene in the same Act, from Rome to Catiline’s Army, and from thence again to Rome; and besides has allowed a very inconsiderable time, after Catiline’s Speech, for the striking of the battle, and the return of Petreius, who is to relate the event of it to the Senate: which I should not animadvert upon him, who was otherwise a painful observer of to prepon, or the decorum of the Stage, if he had not used extreme severity in his judgment upon the incomparable Shakespeare for the same fault. To conclude on this subject of Relations, if we are to be blamed for showing too much of the action, the French are as faulty for discovering too little of it: a mean betwixt both should be observed by every judicious Writer, so as the audience may neither be left unsatisfied by not seeing what is beautiful, or shocked by beholding what is either incredible or undecent.
“I hope I have already proved in this discourse, that though we are not altogether so punctual as the French, in observing the laws of Comedy; yet our errors are so few, and little, and those things wherein we excel them so considerable, that we ought of right to be preferred before them. But what will Lisideius say if they themselves acknowledge they are too strictly tied up by those laws, for breaking which he has blamed the English? I will allege Corneille’s words, as I find them in the end of his Discourse of the three Unities; ‘Il est facile aux spéculatifs d’estre sévès, &c.’ “’Tis easy for speculative persons to judge severely; but if they would produce to public view ten or twelve pieces of this nature, they would perhaps give more latitude to the Rules than I have done, when by experience they had known how much we are bound up and constrained by them, and how many beauties of the Stage they banished from it.’ To illustrate a little what he has said, by their servile observations of the unities of time and place, and integrity of Scenes, they have brought upon themselves that dearth of Plot, and narrowness of Imagination, which may be observed in all their Plays. How many beautiful accidents might naturally happen in two or three days, which cannot arrive with any probability in the compass of hours? There is time to be allowed also for maturity of design, which amongst great and prudent persons, such as are often represented in Tragedy cannot, with any likelihood of truth, be brought to pass at so short a warning. Farther, by tying themselves strictly to the unity of place, and unbroken Scenes they are forced many times to omit some beauties which cannot be shown where the Act began; but might, if the Scene were interrupted, and the Stage cleared for the persons to enter in another place; and therefore the French Poets are often forced upon absurdities: for if the Act begins in a chamber all the persons in the Play must have some business or other to come thither, or else they are not to be shown that Act, and sometimes their characters are very unfitting to appear there; As, suppose it were the King’s Bed-chamber, yet the meanest man in the Tragedy must come and dispatch his business rather than in the Lobby or Court-yard (which is fitter for him) for fear the Stage should be cleared, and the Scenes broken. Many times they fall by it into a greater inconvenience; for they keep their Scenes unbroken, and yet change the place as in one of their newest Plays, where the Act begins in the Street. There a Gentleman is to meet his Friend; he sees him with his man, coming out from his Fathers house; they talk together, and the first goes out: the second, who is a Lover, has made an appointment with his Mistress; she appears at the window and then we are to imagine the Scene lies under it. This Gentleman is called away, and leaves his servant with his Mistress: presently her Father is heard from within; the young Lady is afraid the Servingman should be discovered, and thrusts him in through a door which is supposed to be her Closet. After this, the Father enters to the Daughter, and now the Scene is in a House: for he is seeking from one room to another for this poor Philipin, or French Diego, who is heard from within, drolling [jesting—ed.] and breaking many a miserable conceit upon his sad condition. In this ridiculous manner the Play goes on, the Stage being never empty all the while: so that the Street, the Window, the two Houses, and the Closet, are made to walk about, and the Persons to stand still. Now what I beseech you is more easy than to write a regular French Play, or more difficult than to write an irregular English one, like those of Fletcher, or of Shakespeare.
“If they content themselves as Corneille did, with some flat design, which, like an ill Riddle, is found out ere it be half proposed; such Plots we can make every way regular as easily as they: but when e’er they endeavor to rise up to any quick turns and counterturns of Plot, as some of them have attempted, since Corneille’s Plays have been less in vogue, you see they write as irregularly as we, though they cover it more speciously, Hence the reason is perspicuous, why no French Plays, when translated, have, or ever can succeed upon the English Stage. For, if you consider the Plots, our own are fuller of variety, if the writing ours are more quick and fuller of spirit: and therefore ’tis a strange mistake in those who decry the way of writing Plays in Verse, as if the English therein imitated the French. We have borrowed nothing from them; our Plots are weaved in English Looms: we endeavor therein to follow the variety and greatness of characters which are derived to us from Shakespeare and Fletcher: the copiousness and well-knitting of the intrigues we have from Jonson, and for the Verse if self we have English Presidents of elder date than any of Corneille’s Plays: (not to name our old Comedies before Shakespeare, which were all writ in verse of six feet, or Alexandrines, such as the French now use) I can show in Shakespeare, many Scenes of rhyme together, and the like in Ben Jonson’s Tragedies: In Catiline and Sejanus sometimes thirty or forty lines; I mean besides the Chorus, or the Monologues, which by the way, showed Ben no enemy to this way of writing, especially is you look upon his Sad Shepherd which goes sometimes upon rhyme, sometimes upon blank Verse, like an Horse who eases himself upon Trot and Amble. You find him likewise commending Fletcher’s Pastoral of The Faithful Shepherdess; which is for the most part Rhyme, though not refined to that purity to which it hath since been brought: And these examples are enough to clear us from a servile imitation of the French.
“But to return from whence I have digressed, I dare boldly affirm these two things of the English Drama: First, That we have many Plays of ours as regular as any of theirs; and which, besides, have more variety of Plot and Characters: And secondly, that in most of the irregular Plays of Shakespeare or Fletcher (for Ben Jonson’s are for the most part regular) there is a more masculine fancy and greater spirit in all the writing, than there is in any of the French. I could produce even in Shakespeare’s and Fletcher’s Works, some Plays which are almost exactly formed; as The Merry Wives of Windsor, and The Scornful Lady: but because (generally speaking) Shakespeare, who writ first, did not perfectly observe the Laws of Comedy, and Fletcher, who came nearer to perfection, yet through carelessness made many faults; I will take the pattern of a perfect Play from Ben Jonson, who was a careful and learned observer of the Dramatic Laws, and from all his Comedies I shall select The Silent Woman; of which I will make a short Examen, according to those Rules which the French observe.”
As Neander was beginning to examine The Silent Woman, Eugenius, looking earnestly upon him; “I beseech you Neander,” said he, “gratify the company and me in particular so far, as before you speak of the Play, to give us a Character of the Author; and tell us frankly your opinion, whether you do not think all Writers, both French and English, ought to give place to him?”
“I fear,” replied Neander, “That in obeying your commands I shall draw a little envy upon my self. Besides, in performing them, it will be first necessary to speak somewhat of Shakespeare and Fletcher, his Rivals in Poesy; and one of them, in my opinion, at least his equal, perhaps his superior.
“To begin then with Shakespeare; he was the man who of all Modern, and perhaps Ancient Poets, had the largest and most comprehensive soul. All the Images of Nature were still present to him, and he drew them not laboriously, but luckily: when he describes any thing, you more than see it, you feel it too. Those who accuse him to have wanted learning, give him the greater commendation: he was naturally learned; he needed not the spectacles of Books to read Nature; he looked inwards, and found her there. I cannot say he is every where alike; were he so, I should do him injury to compare him with the greatest of Mankind. He is many times flat, insipid; his Comic wit degenerating into clenches [puns—ed.]; his serious swelling into Bombast. But he is always great when some great occasion is presented to him: no man can say he ever had a fit subject for his wit, and did not then raise himself as high above the rest of the Poets.
Quantum lenta solent, inter viburna cupressi.
[As cypresses commonly do among bending shrubs—ed.]
The consideration of this made Mr. Hales of Eaton say, That there was no subject of which any Poet ever writ, but he would produce it much better treated of in Shakespeare; and however others are now generally preferred before him yet the Age wherein he lived, which had contemporaries with him, Fletcher and Jonson never equaled them to him in their esteem: And in the last King’s Court, when Ben’s reputation was at highest, Sir John Suckling, and with him the greater part of the Courtiers, set our Shakespeare far above him.
“Beaumont and Fletcher of whom I am next to speak, had with the advantage of Shakespeare’s wit, which was their precedent, great natural gifts, improved by study. Beaumont especially being so accurate a judge of Plays, that Ben Jonson while he lived, submitted all his Writings to his Censure, and he thought, used his judgement in correcting, if not contriving all his Plots. What value he had for him, appears by the Verses he writ to him; and therefore need speak no farther of it. The first Play which brought Fletcher and him in esteem was their Philaster: for before that, they had written two or three year unsuccessfully; as the like is reported of Ben Jonson, before he writ Every Man in his Humor. Their Plots were generally more regular than Shakespeare’s especially those which were made before Beaumont’s death; and they understood and imitated the conversation of Gentlemen much better; whose wild debaucheries, and quickness of wit in repartees, no Poet can ever paint as they have done. This Humor of which Ben Jonson derived from particular persons, they made it not their business to describe: they represented all the passions very lively, but above all, Love. I am apt to believe the English Language in them arrived to its highest perfection; what words have since been taken in, are rather superfluous than necessary. Their Plays are now the most pleasant and frequent entertainments of the Stage; two of theirs being acted through the year for one of Shakespeare’s or Jonson’s: the reason is, because there is a certain gayety in their Comedies, and Pathos in their more serious Plays, which suits generally with all men’s humors. Shakespeare’s language is likewise a little obsolete, and Ben Jonson’s wit comes short of theirs.
“As for Jonson, to whose Character I am now arrived, if we look upon him while he was himself, (for his last Plays were but his dotages) I think him the most learned and judicious Writer which any Theater ever had. He was a most severe Judge of himself as well as others. One cannot say he wanted wit, but rather that he was frugal of it. In his works you find little to retrench or alter. Wit and Language, and Humor also in some measure we had before him; but something of Art was wanting to the Drama till he came. He managed his strength to more advantage than any who preceded him. You seldom find him making Love in any of his Scenes, or endeavoring to move the Passions; his genius was too sullen and saturnine to do it gracefully, especially when he knew he came after those who had performed both to such an height. Humor was his proper Sphere, and in that he delighted most to represent Mechanic [laboring, vulgar—ed.] people. He was deeply conversant in the Ancients, both Greek and Latin, and he borrowed boldly from them: there is scarce a Poet or Historian among the Roman Authors of those times whom he has not translated in Sejanus and Catiline. But he has done his Robberies so openly, that one may see he fears not to be taxed by any Law. He invades Authors like a Monarch, and what would be theft in other Poets, is only victory in him. With the spoils of these Writers he so represents old Rome to us, in its Rites, Ceremonies and Customs, that if one of their Poets had written either of his Tragedies, we had seen less of it than in him. If there was any fault in his Language, ’twas that he weaved it too closely and laboriously in his serious Plays; perhaps too, he did a little too much Romanize our Tongue, leaving the words which he translated almost as much Latin as he found them: wherein though he learnedly followed the Idiom of their language, he did not enough comply with ours. If I would compare him with Shakespeare, I must acknowledge him the more correct Poet, but Shakespeare the greater wit. Shakespeare was the Homer, or Father of our Dramatick Poets; Jonson was the Virgil, the pattern of elaborate writing; I admire him, but I love Shakespeare. To conclude of him, as he has given us the most correct Plays, so in the precepts which he has laid down in his Discoveries, we have as many and profitable Rules for perfecting the Stage as any wherewith the French can furnish us.
“Having thus spoken of the Author, I proceed to the examination of his Comedy, The Silent Woman.
EXAMEN OF THE SILENT WOMAN.
“To begin first with the length of the Action, it is so far from exceeding the compass of a Natural day, that it takes not up an Artificial one. ’Tis all included in the limits of three hours and an half, which is not more than is required for the presentment on the Stage. A beauty perhaps not much observed; if it had, we should not have looked upon the Spanish Translation of five hours with so much wonder. The Scene of it is laid in London; the latitude of place is almost as little as you can imagine: for it lies all within the compass of two Houses, and after the first Act, in one. The continuity of Scenes is observed more than in any of our Plays, excepting his own Fox and Alchemist. They are not broken above twice or thrice at most in the whole Comedy, and in the two best of Corneille’s Plays, the Cid and Cinna, they are interrupted once apiece. The action of the Play is entirely one; the end or aim of which is the settling of Morose’s Estate on Dauphine. The Intrigue of it is the greatest and most noble of any pure unmixed Comedy in any Language: you see it in many per
|
||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
0
| 59
|
https://liveanddeadly.net/2018/08/
|
en
|
August 2018 – Live and Deadly
|
[
"https://liveanddeadly.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/live-and-deadly-logo-1.png",
"https://liveanddeadly.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/edinbook.jpg?w=1086",
"https://liveanddeadly.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/the-way-of-all-flesh.jpg?w=225",
"https://liveanddeadly.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/threequarters_.jpg?w=327",
"https://liveanddeadly.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/perfectsilence_.jpg?w=326",
"https://liveanddeadly.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/take-nothing-with-you.jpg?w=325",
"https://liveanddeadly.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/overkill-667x1024.jpg?w=667",
"https://liveanddeadly.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/deepest-wounds-cover.jpg?w=1516",
"https://liveanddeadly.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/vox.jpg?w=329",
"https://liveanddeadly.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/fcbef3df-7b75-44d9-8aab-f99aacbf3f27.png?w=390",
"https://liveanddeadly.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/9282efcf-f47d-4281-95f9-39e36ecf14ad.jpeg?w=1536",
"https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/fcb91162c05bcfe265733c170ad782bd63713bad7155c41c91ea2772eaf85f0b?s=48&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/6537d8d2cf6ce2b91f880f63678996dd8e09e8b0c4231f0cbb11ff6c82fe9602?s=48&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/74cb5089cbbe88f0daafe731a236bd523a0ad02bf2fa75dc7598312cfa019b46?s=48&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/3124049dc5c7b038058d28e585816e762e30c70e09c1e5a589135140c5ae1cd3?s=48&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/d75233ec4ef4add5a942d451782bf94ebfee599d97e20848acb4f22e6e88b7e7?s=48&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://liveanddeadly.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/favorited_reviews_120.png",
"https://liveanddeadly.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/book-connector-badge-3.png",
"https://liveanddeadly.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/reviews_200_120.png",
"https://liveanddeadly.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/cropped-live-and-deadly-logo-1.png?w=50",
"https://liveanddeadly.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/cropped-live-and-deadly-logo-1.png?w=50",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2018-08-31T08:30:27+01:00
|
10 posts published by marypicken during August 2018
|
en
|
Live and Deadly
| null |
Monthly Archives: August 2018
Edinburgh International Book Festival 2018– a final round up @Edbookfest #EdBookFest
I can’t begin to tell you how rich and rewarding my Edinburgh Book Festival was. Although, in the spirit of this blog, I kept in the main to crime writing sessions, you’ll see that one or two of my other personal passions crept in. If you have ever thought about going to the Book Festival,Continue reading “Edinburgh International Book Festival 2018– a final round up @Edbookfest #EdBookFest”
The Way of All Flesh by Ambrose Parry @AmbroseParry @BeccaNice @Canongatebooks #TheWayofAllFlesh
Source: Review Copy Publication: 30th August 2018 from Canongate Pp: 416 ISBN-13: 978-1786893789 Edinburgh, 1847. City of Medicine, Money, Murder. In the city’s Old Town a number of young women have been found dead, all having suffered similarly gruesome ends. Across the city in the New Town, medical student Will Raven is aboutContinue reading “The Way of All Flesh by Ambrose Parry @AmbroseParry @BeccaNice @Canongatebooks #TheWayofAllFlesh”
The Mystery of Three Quarters by Sophie Hannah @sophiehannahCB1 @HarperCollinsUK @fictionpubteam #TheMysteryofThreeQuarters @agathachristie
Source: Netgalley Publication: 23 August 2018 from Harper Collins Pp: 400 ISBN-13: 978-0008264451 The world’s most beloved detective, Hercule Poirot – the legendary star of Agatha Christie’s Murder on the Orient Express and most recently The Monogram Murders and Closed Casket—returns in a stylish, diabolically clever mystery set in 1930’s London. Returning home after lunchContinue reading “The Mystery of Three Quarters by Sophie Hannah @sophiehannahCB1 @HarperCollinsUK @fictionpubteam #TheMysteryofThreeQuarters @agathachristie”
Perfect Silence by Helen Fields (DI Callanach#4) @AvonBooks @Helen_Fields #PerfectSilence
Perfect Silence by Helen Fields Source: Netgalley Publication: 23 August 2018 from Avon Pp: 432 ISBN-13: 978-0008275174 When silence falls, who will hear their cries? The body of a young girl is found dumped on the roadside on the outskirts of Edinburgh. When pathologists examine the remains, they make a gruesome discovery: the silhouetteContinue reading “Perfect Silence by Helen Fields (DI Callanach#4) @AvonBooks @Helen_Fields #PerfectSilence”
Take Nothing With You by Patrick Gale @PNovelistGale @PublicityBooks #TakeNothingWithYou
Source: Review copy Publication: 21 August 2018 from Tinder Press Pp: 352 ISBN-13: 978-1472205339 1970s Weston-Super-Mare and ten-year-old oddball Eustace, an only child, has life transformed by his mother’s quixotic decision to sign him up for cello lessons. Music-making brings release for a boy who is discovering he is an emotional volcano. He laps upContinue reading “Take Nothing With You by Patrick Gale @PNovelistGale @PublicityBooks #TakeNothingWithYou”
Overkill by Vanda Symon @vandasymon @OrendaBooks @annecater #overkill #bookreview
Source: Review copy Publication: 6th September 2018 in paperback. Available now in e-book Pp: 272 ISBN-13: 978-1912374274 When the body of a young mother is found washed up on the banks of the Mataura River, a small rural community is rocked by her tragic suicide. But all is not what it seems. Sam Shephard, sole-chargeContinue reading “Overkill by Vanda Symon @vandasymon @OrendaBooks @annecater #overkill #bookreview”
Deepest Wounds by Gordon Brown @GoJaBrown @StridentPublish @annecater
Source: Review Copy Publication: 28 February 2018 from Strident Press Pp: 272 ISBN-13: 978-1910829189 The past is a dangerous place. Craig McIntyre s mere presence removes people s inhibitions and turns their darkest thoughts into actions. As Craig McIntyre tries to escape bounty hunters from the Dark Web, he discovers that his details are linkedContinue reading “Deepest Wounds by Gordon Brown @GoJaBrown @StridentPublish @annecater”
#Review VOX by @CVDalcher #VoxBook #100words @LilyCapewell @HQStories
Source: Review copy Publication: 21st August 2018 from HQ Pp: 384 ISBN-13: 978-0008300630 Silence can be deafening. Jean McClellan spends her time in almost complete silence, limited to just one hundred words a day. Any more, and a thousand volts of electricity will course through her veins. Now the new government is in power,Continue reading “#Review VOX by @CVDalcher #VoxBook #100words @LilyCapewell @HQStories”
Thursday 16 August 2018 Edinburgh International Book Festival. @EdinburghBookFest #EdBookFest
Thursday was another brilliant and eclectic day at the fabulously vibrant Edinburgh Book Festival. I started my day with a panel session from Andrew Wilson and Nicola Upson. A brilliant pairing, because both writers do something really quite interesting with their crime fiction. Both are writers of what is usually called ‘Golden Age’ crimeContinue reading “Thursday 16 August 2018 Edinburgh International Book Festival. @EdinburghBookFest #EdBookFest”
|
|||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
0
| 9
|
https://slate.com/culture/2020/01/american-dirt-jeanine-cummins-mexican-experience.html
|
en
|
American Dirt is a bad book, but not because of Jeanine Cummins’ background.
|
[
"https://compote.slate.com/images/e684afd8-5f85-4eb2-9d7c-e55b70111668.jpeg?crop=1560%2C1040%2Cx0%2Cy0",
"https://compote.slate.com/images/e684afd8-5f85-4eb2-9d7c-e55b70111668.jpeg?crop=1560%2C1040%2Cx0%2Cy0",
"https://slate.com/media/components/onetrust-update/ccpa-icons/privacyoptions29x14.png",
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=18406752&cv=3.9.1&cj=1",
"https://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-fw53_-Tq3MNK1.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"León Krauze"
] |
2020-01-31T18:30:30+00:00
|
I’m a Mexican journalist and I couldn’t care less if Jeanine Cummins is white, but her book is a failure.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Slate Magazine
|
https://slate.com/culture/2020/01/american-dirt-jeanine-cummins-mexican-experience.html
|
I wanted to like American Dirt, Jeanine Cummins’ much-debated novel about a young mother and her son who, after an act of brutality, find themselves in a desperate attempt to escape the clutches of a drug cartel in southern Mexico. As a Mexican journalist living in the United States who has written extensively about both my country’s struggle with violence and the Hispanic immigrant experience, I even wanted to support it.
First, I thought Cummins had been treated unfairly. I have disagreed with many of the attempts to question her right to fictionalize Mexico’s predicament simply because she long identified as white. There is no reason, literary or otherwise, to challenge an author’s legitimacy to tackle any topic, much less based on her ethnicity or nationality. In both literature and journalism, examples abound of brilliant authors who have illuminated countries and themes that were, initially, outside their familiar milieu. (Under the Volcano is just one of many great ones.) Although I find the lack of diversity in America’s publishing industry appalling, I couldn’t care less if Cummins is white, not Mexican, or not a first-generation immigrant herself. If she wants to write about Mexico, so be it—Mexico and the Mexican immigrant experience are terrific subjects for a novel that deserves many outstanding books, perhaps even a definitive one that could surely be written from the United States by an American writer. At least for now, not many in Mexico seem to really care that a woman named Jeanine Cummins has dared to write about us.
I also found the book’s very public aspirations interesting. The possibility, for example, that Cummins’ book might, as advertised, offer an antidote to some severe afflictions in American popular culture: a chronically erroneous representation, rooted in ignorance and indifference, of Mexico, and the deluge of stereotypes about both the country and its immigrants that American Dirt promised to counter with complex, accurately developed characters. In a blurb for the book, Sandra Cisneros, the brilliant Mexican American novelist, called American Dirt “not simply the great American novel” but “the great novel of the Americas.” (She has stood by her praise.) The promise, then, was of a book that could not only be a rewarding read but a transcendental one, a novel that would be emblematic, even canonical.
The problem is, American Dirt is none of those things.
Cummins has captured the endearing importance of maternal figures in Hispanic life, and that is no small feat. The novel is also a perfectly adequate and suspenseful romance thriller. Cummins clearly did her research on Mexico minutiae. She knows Acapulco inside and out and could probably pinpoint the location of El Rollo Aquatic Park. She has dutifully taken notes and sprinkles the plot with the required quota of palabras en español, for authenticity’s sake. She knows her conchas, her fútbol, and her abuela. What Cummins does not do, though, is offer a depiction of immigrants (or drug lords, for that matter—who will speak for them?) that could be worthy of a great novel, much less a definitive one.
The book spins around two main characters: Lydia Quixano Pérez, the bereaved mother on the run, and Javier Crespo Fuentes, the drug lord who woos and pursues her. Neither one is even remotely representative of immigrant mothers nor Mexican criminals. Lydia is solidly middle class. She is a well-educated and successful owner of a bookshop in Acapulco. Up until the tragedy, she has led a peaceful life, with a happy and stable marriage. Her existence is upended by an unspeakable act of violence that is, in itself, extreme—the killing of 16 members of a single family would be national news in Mexico. It is not an everyday occurrence, contrary to what Cummins, in her demonization of the country (a useful but cynical narrative ploy to present Lydia as completely alone in a hellish world from the very first page, to get readers rooting for her to escape to the United States) would want the reader to believe.
Over the past decade I have interviewed hundreds of immigrant women for Univision and other media outlets. I have done so in Mexico and the United States; in shelters, places of worship, and on random corners across California. It has been an enlightening experience. They share Lydia’s devotion to their children, but not much else. They are escaping poverty, not financially stable family lives. They do not run bookshops with a hidden section of favorite authors, but work in the fields, often struggling to feed their families. They are often fleeing drunk, abusive, or absent husbands, not an awkward love triangle with a smitten narco dandy. Yes, there are surely immigrant women like Lydia Quixano Pérez, but Lydia Quixano Pérez is far from a worthy emblem of immigrant women.
Her antagonist is even less convincing. Gangster Javier is a debonair, book-loving Latin lover. He playfully quotes Gabriel García Márquez and seems to enjoy Sebastian Barry, to Lydia’s infinite delight. A (mediocre) poet and a romantic, Cummins’ drug lord is sophisticated to the point of parody. “In another life, he could’ve been Bill Gates,” Lydia’s husband tells her, just as proto-Gates tries to seduce his wife with a box of chocolates from Jacques Genin, straight from the 7th arrondissement in Paris.
Again: This doesn’t mean that Javier is not an amusing and often terrifying character. He is. But he is certainly not emblematic. Mexican drug lords are not aspiring poets who read Irish fiction or enjoy delicate French cocoa bites. Rather, they resemble people like Juan Ulises Laredo, known as “the Virus,” leader of one of the dominant gangs in the region that Cummins depicts. Or Nemesio Oseguera, “El Mencho,” who runs the CJNG cartel, Mexico’s most dangerous and violent criminal organization. None of these guys could have been Bill Gates, in this or any other life. Cummins might have created an interesting drug lord, but Javier is pure fiction. He is not an accurate representation of Mexico’s criminals.
Which leads to the real problem here: the decision to package and sell American Dirt not as candy, but as fiction that should be interpreted as emblematic. Flatiron Books, the otherwise remarkable writers who offered blurbs, and those who have promoted the book as if Cummins truly were the reincarnation of John Steinbeck have all insisted American Dirt is a transformational work of art, aimed to inspire a deeper debate about violence, immigration, and American nativism. That cannot happen with characters whom immigrants themselves could never relate to. The Great American Novel and the great novel of the Americas about violence, loss, and immigration is still waiting to be written. I honestly don’t care who does it.
|
||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
3
| 20
|
http://nerdymovie.blogspot.com/2020/09/on-albert-besters-demolished-man.html
|
en
|
stills from a nerdy movie: On Albert Bester's "The Demolished Man"
|
[
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtrwyYI8AxL7_u3Q8M-RG66lUcd28aXCzQbJkpPzPHBR_lqVM-FrU4Z3RnWNJX97JlqjnG0wg0BFPdfF9l1dSK7nEmcww4daO3o7FFkNKO3uMoXbDvwYLfqIgq4uCsvofv-cWo2CEuWVI/s320/sibley_demolished-man_cover-1952.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"david joyner"
] | null |
I was motivated to read this novel after hearing a story by David Mamet in his masterclass on writing. I described the story in my blog post...
|
en
|
http://nerdymovie.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
|
http://nerdymovie.blogspot.com/2020/09/on-albert-besters-demolished-man.html
|
This a personal blog of movie- and book-related musings of David Joyner. See also https://sites.google.com/site/wdjoyner/
|
|||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
3
| 77
|
https://pspublishing2.com/galaxy-sf-magazine-inc-the-demolished-man-by-alfred-bester---3-issues-pback-6885-p.asp
|
en
|
GALAXY SF MAGAZINE INC "THE DEMOLISHED MAN" BY ALFRED BESTER 3 ISSUES P
|
[
"https://files.ekmcdn.com/7b7019/resources/design/ps2-purple.png",
"https://files.ekmcdn.com/7b7019/images/galaxy-sf-magazine-inc-the-demolished-man-by-alfred-bester-3-issues-p-back-(2)-6885-p.jpg?w=118&h=9999&v=40ECA744-99A0-4158-AAD4-71AE53494C71",
"https://files.ekmcdn.com/7b7019/images/galaxy-sf-magazine-inc-the-demolished-man-by-alfred-bester-3-issues-p-back-(3)-6885-p.jpg?w=118&h=9999&v=31AC3857-EA4D-4829-94BA-95BC877855AC",
"https://files.ekmcdn.com/7b7019/images/galaxy-sf-magazine-inc-the-demolished-man-by-alfred-bester-3-issues-p-back-(4)-6885-p.jpg?w=118&h=9999&v=B7268C30-8148-4907-8E8D-2B00A1D91DF4",
"https://files.ekmcdn.com/7b7019/images/galaxy-sf-magazine-inc-the-demolished-man-by-alfred-bester-3-issues-p-back-(5)-6885-p.jpg?w=118&h=9999&v=3D2C8B30-CF9A-4046-A0F5-EBE492B32E1B",
"https://files.ekmcdn.com/7b7019/images/galaxy-sf-magazine-inc-the-demolished-man-by-alfred-bester-3-issues-p-back-6885-p.jpg?w=800&h=9999&v=CB5B7FC0-4B36-451B-B3E2-FC15B1B8F480",
"https://33.cdn.ekm.net/ekmps/assets/images/cardlogos/rounded-small/paypal.png",
"https://33.cdn.ekm.net/ekmps/assets/images/cardlogos/rounded-small/mastercard.png",
"https://33.cdn.ekm.net/ekmps/assets/images/cardlogos/rounded-small/visa.png",
"https://33.cdn.ekm.net/ekmps/assets/images/cardlogos/rounded-small/maestro.png",
"https://33.cdn.ekm.net/ekmps/assets/images/cardlogos/rounded-small/visa-electron.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"condition",
"good",
"eric",
"ambler",
"category",
"crime",
"suspense",
"publication",
"pocket",
"books",
"york",
"1944",
"edition",
"paper",
"back",
"synopsis",
"classic",
"story",
"ordinary",
"seemingly",
"depth",
"widely",
"acclaimed",
"masterpieces",
""
] | null |
[] | null |
CONDITION Very Good A NOVEL by Eric Ambler CATEGORY Crime Suspense PUBLICATION Pocket Books New York NY 1944 EDITION Paperback SYNOPSIS A classic
|
en
|
/ekmps/shops/7b7019/favicon.ico
|
PS Publishing 2
|
https://pspublishing2.com/galaxy-sf-magazine-inc-the-demolished-man-by-alfred-bester---3-issues-pback-6885-p.asp
|
CONDITION GOOD. PENCIL MARK ON FRONT OF JAN 1952 EDITION. MINOR CHIP ON SPINE OF SAME ISSUE.
A BOOK BY ALFRED BESTER
CATEGORY SCIENCE FICTION
PUBLICATIONA GALAXY PUBLICATION JAN-FEB-MARCH 1952
EDITION PAPERBACK
SYNOPSIS
SEE PHOTOS
|
||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
3
| 60
|
https://www.target.com/p/the-demolished-man-by-alfred-bester-paperback/-/A-79229572
|
en
|
By Alfred Bester (paperback) : Target
|
https://target.scene7.com/is/image/Target/GUEST_52faaaee-b990-4003-9963-b2db9cd03289
|
https://target.scene7.com/is/image/Target/GUEST_52faaaee-b990-4003-9963-b2db9cd03289
|
[
"https://target.scene7.com/is/image/Target/GUEST_52faaaee-b990-4003-9963-b2db9cd03289?wid=800&hei=800&qlt=80&fmt=pjpeg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"The Demolished Man - by Alfred Bester (Paperback)"
] | null |
[] | null |
Shop The Demolished Man - by Alfred Bester (Paperback) at Target. Choose from Same Day Delivery, Drive Up or Order Pickup. Free standard shipping with $35 orders.
|
en
|
https://assets.targetimg1.com/static/images/favicon.ico
|
https://www.target.com/p/the-demolished-man-by-alfred-bester-paperback/-/A-79229572
| ||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
3
| 3
|
https://www.lwcurrey.com/pages/books/138783/alfred-bester/the-demolished-man
|
en
|
THE DEMOLISHED MAN
|
[
"https://www.lwcurrey.com/images/logo-ghosts.gif",
"https://www.lwcurrey.com/images/logo.png",
"https://lwcurrey.cdn.bibliopolis.com/pictures/138783.jpg?width=768&height=1000&fit=bounds&auto=webp&v=1682006567",
"https://lwcurrey.cdn.bibliopolis.com/pictures/138783_1.jpg?width=320&height=427&fit=bounds&auto=webp&v=1682006567",
"https://lwcurrey.cdn.bibliopolis.com/images/upload/cat20301_1.jpg?auto=webp&v=1717277132"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Alfred Bester",
"www.bibliopolis.com"
] | null |
Chicago: Shasta Publishers, 1953 . Octavo, cloth-backed boards. First edition. Winner of the 1953 Hugo award for best novel and runner-up for the 1954 International Fantasy Award. Anatomy of Wonder 2004 II-116. Pringle, Science Fiction: The 100 Best Novels 7. Sargent, British and American Utopian Literature, 1516-1985, Additions. Survey of Science Fiction Literature II, pp. 529-32. A
|
en
|
https://www.lwcurrey.com/favicon.ico
|
L. W. Currey, Inc.
|
https://www.lwcurrey.com/pages/books/138783/alfred-bester/the-demolished-man
|
Bester, Alfred. THE DEMOLISHED MAN. Chicago: Shasta Publishers, [1953]. Octavo, cloth-backed boards. First edition. Winner of the 1953 Hugo award for best novel and runner-up for the 1954 International Fantasy Award. Anatomy of Wonder (2004) II-116. Pringle, Science Fiction: The 100 Best Novels 7. Sargent, British and American Utopian Literature, 1516-1985, Additions. Survey of Science Fiction Literature II, pp. 529-32. A fine copy in fine dust jacket. A sharp copy. (#138783).
Price: $1,000.00
|
||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
3
| 76
|
https://booksrun.com/9781596879881-the-demolished-man
|
en
|
The Demolished Man: 9781596879881
|
[
"https://booksrun.com/img/logo.svg",
"https://booksrun.com/images/header_sell_books.svg",
"https://booksrun.com/image-loader/195/https:__m.media-amazon.com_images_I_41n0aiz77IL._SL500_.jpg 195w, https://booksrun.com/image-loader/180/https:__m.media-amazon.com_images_I_41n0aiz77IL._SL500_.jpg 180w, https://booksrun.com/image-loader/215/https:__m.media-amazon.com_images_I_41n0aiz77IL._SL500_.jpg 215w",
"https://booksrun.com/images/review/rate-banner-no-review-desktop.svg",
"https://booksrun.com/images/review/rate-banner-no-review-mobile.svg",
"https://booksrun.com/images/page/bulk/bulk_success.svg",
"https://booksrun.com/images/page/shopper-approved-logo.svg",
"https://booksrun.com/img/Cookies.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"The Demolished Man",
"sell The Demolished Man",
"The Demolished Man buyback",
"buy The Demolished Man"
] | null |
[] | null |
Find The Demolished Man book by Alfred Bester. Edition: Paperback. Buy or sell a used ISBN 1596879882 at best price with free shipping.
|
en
|
/img/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png?v=2.23.76
|
BooksRun
|
https://booksrun.com/9781596879881-the-demolished-man
|
Winner of the First Hugo Award. #14 in the Millennium SF Masterworks series, a library of the finest science fiction ever written. "Bester's two superb books have stood the test of time. For nearly sixty years they've held their place on everybody's list of the ten greatest sf novels" -Robert Silverberg "One of the all-time classics of science fiction."-Isaac Asimov "Alfred Bester wrote with the pedal to the floor and the headlights on full beam. His work combined erudition with an unparalleled imaginative inventiveness. Bester was writing cyberpunk while William Gibson was still running around zapping the other kids at school with a toy raygun."-James Lovegrove In a world policed by telepaths, Ben Reich plans to commit a crime that hasn't been heard of in 70 years: murder. That's the only option left for Reich, whose company is losing a 10-year death struggle with rival D'Courtney Enterprises. Terrorized in his dreams by The Man With No Face and driven to the edge after D'Courtney refuses a merger offer, Reich murders his rival and bribes a high-ranking telepath to help him cover his tracks. But while police prefect Lincoln Powell knows Reich is guilty, his telepath's knowledge is a far cry from admissible evidence.
|
||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
1
| 14
|
http://marvin.cs.uidaho.edu/About/quotes.html
|
en
|
Quotes I Have Enjoyed
|
http://marvin.cs.uidaho.edu/Media/Pics/favicon.gif
|
http://marvin.cs.uidaho.edu/Media/Pics/favicon.gif
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
http://marvin.cs.uidaho.edu/Media/Pics/favicon.gif
| null |
If you are playing with something and you put it down, it automatically becomes mine.
-- anon
"Her life was okay. Sometimes she wished she were sleeping with the right man instead of with her dog, but she never felt she was sleeping with the wrong dog."
-- Judith Collas in "Change of Life"
"He is your friend, your defender, your dog.
You are his life, his love, his leader.
He will be yours, faithful and true, to the last beat of his heart.
You owe it to him to be worthy of such devotion"
-- anon
In order to keep a true perspective of one's importance, everyone should have a dog that will worship him and a cat that will ignore him.
-- Dereke Bruce
Mullroy: You've seen a ship with black sails that's crewed by the damned, and captained by a man so evil that Hell itself spat him back out?
Murtogg: No.
Mullroy: No.
Murtogg: But I have seen a ship with black sails. [Jack quietly slips passed them unnoticed]
Mullroy: Oh, and no ship that's not crewed by the damned and captained by a man so evil that Hell itself spat him back out could possibly have black sails, therefore couldn't possibly be any other ship than the Black Pearl. Is that what you're telling me?
Murtogg: No.
Mullroy: Like I said, there's no real ship as can match the Interceptor.
-- from the movie "The Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl"
Barbossa: First, your return to shore was not part of our negotiations nor our agreement, so I must do nothin'. And secondly, you must be a pirate for the Pirate's Code to apply, and you're not. And thirdly, the Code is more what you'd call "guidelines" than actual rules. Welcome aboard the Black Pearl, Miss Turner.
-- from the movie "The Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl"
Murtogg:...But there's no ship as can match the Interceptor for speed.
Jack Sparrow: I've heard of one, supposed to be very fast, nigh uncatchable: The Black Pearl.
-- from the movie "The Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl"
The average dog is a nicer person than the average person.
-- Andrew A. Rooney
And now to all the good dogs--
the special ones you loved best,
those of ours we still miss --
good-bye,
until, on some brighter day,
in some fairer place,
they run out again to greet us.
-- George Papshvily
"A faithful friend is the medicine of life."
-- anon
"Grief is the price of love."
-- anon
"Push on and faith will catch up with you."
-- Jean d'Alembert (1717 - 1783) (mathematician)
"A friend is someone who knows the song in your heart and can sing it back to you when you have forgotten the words"
-- anon
"Words can destroy. What we call each other ultimately becomes what we think of each other, and it matters."
-- Jeane Jordon Kirkpatrick
It was evening all afternoon.
It was snowing
And it was going to snow.
The blackbird sat
In the cedar limbs.
-- Wallace Stevens
"Neither snow, nor rain, nor heat, norgloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds."
-- Herodotus, Greek historian 5c. BC also on the facade of the NYC post office
"Citius, Altus, Fortuis" (swifter, higher, stronger)
-- Motto of the Olympics
"...the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle."
-- Part of the Olympic Creed
"The dog has got more fun out of man than man has got out of the dog, for the clearly demonstratable reason that man is the more laughable of the two animals. The dog has long been bemused by the singular activites and the curious practices of men, cocking his head inquiringly to one side, intently watching and listening to the strangest goings-on in the world. He has seen men sing together and fight one another in the same evening. He has watched them go to bed when it is time to get up, and get up when it is time to go to bed. He has observed them destroying the soil in vast areas, and nurturing it in small patches. He has stood by while men built strong and solid houses for rest and quiet and then filled them with lights and bells and machinery. His sensitive nose, which can detect what's cooking in the next township, has caught at one and the same time the bewildering smells of the hospital and the munitions factory. He has seen men raise up great cities to heaven and then blow them to hell."
-- James Thurber
"'Sensitivity Testing' is testing in which an increasing percentage of items fail, explode, or die as the serverity of the test is increased."
-- From "Statistics Manual" by Crow, Davis and Maxfield
"Brilliance is typically the act of an individual, but incredible stupidity can usually be traced to an organization."
-- anon
"You are Elastigirl! Show him you remember that he is Mr. lncredible, and you will remind him who you are! Well, you know where he is. Go! Confront the problem! Fight! Win!"
-- Edna Mode in the movie "The Incredibles"
"I never look back, darling. It distracts from the now."
-- Edna Mode in the movie "The Incredibles"
"The bitterest words ever said over graves are for deeds undone and words left unsaid."
-- H. B. Stowe
"Man will occasionally stumble across the truth, but will usually pick himself up and carry on."
-- Winston Churchill
"Success is when you try to achieve your inward vision externally and have it come off the way you see it. Then YOU feel successful about it; that's how success is measured."
-- George Lucas
"Every man has his price, they say -- but some hold bargin sales."
-- Camden County Georgia Tribune
"Save one life and you are a hero.
Save 100 lives and you are a nurse."
-- anon
"Pride Lasts Longer Than Pain"
-- Seen on the back of a cycling jersey
"Live to ride.
Ride to live."
-- Motto seen on Harley Davidson motorcyle
"If we don't have it, you don't need it."
-- Motto of McGuckin's Hardware in Boulder, CO
"To be even a marginal cyclist you must make pain your closest of friends."
-- Unknown cyclist
Camerlengo Patrick McKenna: Do you believe in God, sir?
Robert Langdon: Father, I simply believe that religion...
Camerlengo Patrick McKenna: I did not ask if you believe what man says about God. I asked if you believe in God.
Robert Langdon: I'm an academic. My mind tells me I will never understand God.
Camerlengo Patrick McKenna: And your heart?
Robert Langdon: Tells me I'm not meant to. Faith is a gift that I have yet to receive.
-- Conversation in "Angels and Demons" movie
"Jesus was not killed by atheism and anarchy. He was brought down by law and order allied with religion, which is always a deadly mix. Beware those who claim to know the mind of God and who are prepared to use force, if necessary, to make others conform. Beware those who cannot tell God's will from their own."
-- Rev. Dr. Barbara Brown Taylor
"A powerful programming language is more than just a means for instructing a computer to perform tasks. The language also serves as a framework within which we organize our ideas about processes."
-- Abelson and Sussman from "Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs"
"An idea, in the highest sense of the word, cannot be conveyed by a symbol."
-- Samuel Taylor Coleridge
"In Xanadu did Kubla Khan
A stately pleasure-dome decree:
Where Alph, the sacred river, ran
Through caverns measureless to man
Down to a sunless sea.
So twice five miles of fertile ground
With walls and towers were girdled round:
And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills,
wikiWhere blossomed many an incense-bearing tree;
And here were forests ancient as the hills,
Enfolding sunny spots of greenery."
-- Samuel Taylor Coleridge first stanza of poem Kubla Khan
"When you speak a new language you must see if you can translate all of the poetry of your old language into the new one."
-- Dana Scott
"The power of any language is the power to organize thought."
-- Robert Heckendorn
"It's not that nature is malicious, it's that nature just doesn't care."
-- Robert Heckendorn
"The problem is often not one of the system is too complicated but rather the interface to the system is too complicated."
-- Robert Heckendorn
Rule #1: physics always wins
Rule #2: if you think man has won over nature, see rule 1.
-- Robert Heckendorn
"There has never been a tool made that couldn't be misused for good."
-- Robert Heckendorn
"Never underestimate the ability of the powerful to automate oppression."
-- Robert Heckendorn
"Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely."
-- J. E. E. Dalberg Acton
"Human beings...are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. ...The fact of the matter is that the 'real world' is to a large extent unconsciously built up on the language habits of the group."
-- Edward Sapir, 1929; in Mandelbaum, 1958, p. 162
"... as young and as ancient as spring ..."
-- JRR Tolkien (Fellowship of the Ring)
"No language can prevent the bad programmer from writing bad programs unless it prevents him from writing any at all."
-- David Moon
"The art of programming is the art of organizing complexity."
-- E.W.Dijkstra
"The question of whether computers can think is just like the question of whether submarines can swim."
-- E.W.Dijkstra
"Computer Science is no more about computers than astronomy is about telescopes."
-- E. W. Dijkstra
"Computers are dull and boring; humans are clever and imaginative. We humans make computers exciting. Equipped with computing devices, we use our cleverness to tackle problems we would not dare take on before the age of computing and build systems with functionality limited only by our imaginations."
-- Jeannette Wing
"Computer Science is the only discipline in which we view adding a new wing to a building as being maintenance."
-- J. Horning
"The traditional mathematician recognizes and appreciates mathematical elegance when he sees it. I propose to go one step further, and to consider elegance an essential ingredient of mathematics: if it's clumsy, it's not mathematics".
-- E.W.Dijkstra
"For me, the first challenge for Computer Science is to discover how to maintain order in a finite, but very large, discrete universe that is intricately intertwined. And a second, but not less important challenge is how to mould what you have achieved in solving the first problem, into a teachable discipline: it does not suffice to hone your own intellect (that will join you in your grave), you must teach others how to hone theirs. The more you concentrate on those two challenges, the more you will see that they are only two sides of the same coin: teaching yourself is discovering what is teachable".
-- E.W.Dijkstra
"We must organize the computation in such a way that our limited powers are sufficient to guarantee that the computation will establish the desired effect."
-- E.W.Dijkstra
"Imagination was given to man to compensate him for what he is not. A Sense of Humor was provided to console him for what he is."
-- Horace Walpole, Man of Letters (or was it Francis Bacon?)
"Man usually avoids attributing cleverness to somebody else unless it is an enemy."
-- Albert Einstein
"Nationalism is an infantile disease. It is the measles of mankind."
-- Albert Einstein
"I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones."
-- Albert Einstein
"The basic difference between an ordinary man and a warrior is that the warrior takes everything as a challenge while the ordinary man takes everything either as a blessing or a curse."
-- Carlos Castaneda, Anthropologist
"Every storm runs out of rain."
-- Maya Angelou
"Maintain humanity under 500,000,000 in perpetual balance with nature; Guide reproduction wisely - improving fitness and diversity; Unite humanity with a living new language; Rule passion faith - tradition - and all things with tempered reason; Protect people and nations with fair laws and just courts; Let all nations rule internally resolving external disputes in a world court; Avoid petty laws and useless officials; Balance personal rights with social duties; Prize truth - beauty - love seeking harmony with the infinite; Be not a cancer on the Earth - Leave room for nature - Leave room for nature."
-- From the Guidingstones errected anonymously near Elberton, Georgia
"My compassion for someone is not limited by my estimation of their intelligence."
-- from the movie "Star Trek IV"
Capt. Malcolm Reynolds: But it ain't all buttons and charts, little albatross. You know what the first rule of flying is? Well, I suppose you do, since you already know what I'm about to say.
River Tam: I do. But I like to hear you say it.
Capt. Malcolm Reynolds: Love. You can learn all the math in the 'Verse, but you take a boat in the air that you don't love, she'll shake you off just as sure as the turning of the worlds. Love keeps her in the air when she oughta fall down, tells you she's hurtin' 'fore she keens. Makes her a home.
River Tam: Storm's getting worse.
Capt. Malcolm Reynolds: We'll pass through it soon enough.
-- from the TV show "Firefly"
"You can't stop the signal, Mal. Everything goes somewhere, and I go everywhere."
-- Mr Universe, from the movie "Serenity"
Ava: "Why can't I just tell him? Because the second I say 'I'm a formerly dead orphan quadriplegic who's the Halo-Bearer for a secret sect of demon-hunting nuns.' He's gone."
-- Warrior Nun (S1 E5)
"The signal is the truth. The noise is what distracts us from the the truth."
-- Nate Silver, founder of FiveThirtyEight
"Ultimately time is all you have and the idea isn't to save it, but to savor it"
-- Ellen Goodman
"The central struggle parenthood is to let our hopes for our children outweight our fears."
-- Ellen Goodman
"Time is the fire in which we burn."
-- from the poem "For Rhoda" by Delmore Schwartz quoted in the movie "Star Trek: Generations"
"Give a man a hammer, and he will begin to see the world as a collection of nails"
Alternatively: "Everything looks like a nail to a man with a hammer."
-- anon.
"We see what we know."
-- proverb
"The canyon country does not always inspire love. To many it appears barren, hostile, repellent - a fearsome mostly waterless land of rock and heat, sand dunes and quicksand, cactus, thornbrush, scorpion, rattlesnake, and agaraphobic distances. To those who see our land in that manner, the best reply is, yes, you are right, it is a dangerous and terrible place. Enter at your own risk. Carry water. Avoid the noonday sun. Try to ignore the vultures. Pray frequently."
-- Edward Abbey, "The Journey Home", 1977
"The fire. The odor of burning juniper is the sweetest fragrance on the face of the earth, in my honest judgment; I doubt if all the smoking censers of Dante's paradise could equal it. One breath of juniper smoke, like the perfume of sagebrush after rain, evokes in magical catalysis, like certain music, the space and light and clarity and piercing strangeness of the American West. Long may it burn."
-- Edward Abbey
"What draws us into the desert is the search for something intimate in the remote."
-- Edward Abbey
"Belief? What do I believe in? I believe in sun. In rock. In the dogma of the sun and the doctrine of the rock. I believe in blood, fire, woman, rivers, eagles, storm, drums, flutes, banjos, and broom-tailed horses..."
-- Edward Abbey
"And crawling on the planet's face some insects called the human race... Lost in time and lost in space... and meaning."
-- Narrator in "Rocky Horror Picture Show"
"Science fiction double feature
Doctor X will build a creature.
See androids fighting. Brad and Janet.
Anne Francis stars in Forbidden Planet.
Oh Oh Oh Oh Oh
At the late night double feature,
picture show.
"
-- Chorus to the "Rocky Horror Picture Show" Song
"One sunny Wednesday afternoon [Mother] took me to Peel Park. We sat on a high esplanade and looked far over the countless chimneys of northern Manchester to the horizon. On the skyline, green and aloof, the Pennines rose like the ramparts of paradise. "There!", she said, pointing. "Mountains!" I stared, lost for words."
-- Robert Roberts, "A Ragged Schooling"
"Give me books, fruit, french wine and fine weather and a little music out of doors, played by somebody I do not know."
-- Keats
"There's no such thing as bad weather, only unsuitable clothing."
-- Alfred Wainwright
"Surely, of all the wonders of the world, the horizon is the greatest."
-- Freya Stark
"A book lover never goes to bed alone."
-- anon
"I feel like our imagination is like our greatest superpower... when you think about it. And books are like food for the imagination."
-- Kendall Joseph associated with Reading Rainbow
"If you only read the books that everyone else is reading, you can only think what everyone else is thinking."
-- Haruki Murakami
"If you only do what you can do, you will never be more than you are now."
-- Master Sifu, from Kung Fu Panda
"Wicked people never have time for reading. It's one of the reasons for their wickedness."
-- Lemony Snicket
"The first step to knowledge is a confession of ignorance."
-- old Chinese saying
"Our ignorance is not so vast as our failure to use what we know."
-- M. King Hubbert
"There is no better test of a man's integrity than his behavior when he is wrong."
-- Marvin Williams
"The greatest obstacle to discovering the shape of the earth, the continents, and the oceans was not ignorance but the illusion of knowledge."
-- Daniel J. Boorstin
"We live on an island of knowledge surrounded by a sea of ignorance. As our island of knowledge grows, so does the shore of our ignorance."
-- John A. Wheeler, Scientific American, 1992
"If ignorance is bliss, why aren't there more happy people?"
-- anon
"How wealthy the gods would be if we remembered the promises we made when we were in danger."
-- Jean de La Fontaine
As time goes by, You will stop choosing wealth over peace,
You will stop choosing money over time,
And you will see that the treasures you need,
Are in teh smile and the laughter.
Let them in.
-- Donna Ashworth
"When I see the wildlife, even the lions and the leopards, I feel healthy."
-- an African native whose tribe was put in charge of wildlife protection
"Perhaps he knew, as I did not, that the Earth was made round so that we would not see too far down the road."
-- Isak Dinesen from the book "Out of Africa"
"The death of an elderly man is like a burning library."
-- African proverb
"[A Library is] the ideal model of society, the best possible shared space [because there] each person is pursuing their own aim (education, entertainment, affect, rest) with respect to the others, through the best possible medium of the transmission of ideas, feelings and knowledge -- the book."
-- Sophie Mayer, journalist
"Feelings are something you have; not something you are."
-- Shannon L. Alder
"My paranoia wasn't always right, but just to be on the safe side, I never went to sleep with a clown in the room."
-â Mark Henwick, Hidden Trump
"A paranoid is someone who knows a little of what's going on."
-â William S. Burroughs
"Being slightly paranoid is like being slightly pregnant - it tends to get worse."
-â Molly Ivins
"The charm of Ronald Reagan is not just that he kept telling us screwy things, it was that he believed them all. No wonder we trusted him, he never lied to us. ... His stubbornness, even defiance, in the face of facts ('stupid things,' he once called them in a memorable slip) was nothing short of splendid. ... This is the man who proved that ignorance is no handicap to the presidency."
-â Molly Ivins
"When politicians start talking about large groups of their fellow Americans as 'enemies,' it's time for a quiet stir of alertness. Polarizing people is a good way to win an election, and also a good way to wreck a country."
-â Molly Ivins
"Just because you're paranoid doesn't mean they aren't out to get you."
-â Woody Allen
"Don't insult the crocodile until you cross the water."
-- African proverb
"Rain beats a leopard's skin, but it does not wash out the spots"
-- African proverb
"No one tests the depth of a river with both feet."
-- African proverb
"Every morning in Africa, a Gazelle wakes up. It knows it must run faster than the fastest lion or it will be killed. Every morning a Lion wakes up. It knows it must outrun the slowest Gazelle or it will starve to death. It doesn't matter whether you are a Lion or a Gazelle... when the sun comes up, you'd better be running."
-- anon
"You're less likely to die while sitting home in your armchair. Also less likely to live."
-- anon
"When asked why he doesn't believe in astrology, the logician Raymond Smullyan responds that he's a Gemini and Geminis never believe in astrology."
-- John Allen Paulos
"All that is necessary for the forces of evil to win in this world is for enough good men to do nothing."
-- Edmund Burke
"If you were born where they were born, and you were taught what they were taught, you'd believe what they believe."
-- anon
"The Anglo-Saxon conscience doesn't keep you from doing what you shouldn't; it just keeps you from enjoying it."
-- Salvador de Madariaga.
"Humankind cannot bear very much reality"
-- T.S.Eliot
"Ultimately, however, conflict lies not in objective reality, but in people's heads. Truth is simple one argument - perhaps a good one, perhaps not - for dealing with the difference. The difference itself exists because it exists in their thinking."
-- Martin Luther
"Hope is the thing with feathers
That perches in the soul,
And sings the tune without the words,
And never stops at all."
-- Emily Dickinson
"To live is so startling it leaves little time for anything else."
-- Emily Dickinson
"Every morning, when I wake up, I feel a supreme pleasure -- the pleasure of being Salvador Dali -- and I ask myself amazed: 'what will Salvador Dali still do today?'"
-- Salvador Dali
Because I could not stop for Death,
He kindly stopped for me;
The carriage held but just ourselves
And Immortality.
-- Emily Dickinson
"memento mori" (Latin for "remember that you must die")
-- idiom
"Spring passes and one remembers one's innocence
Summer passes and one remembers one's exuberance
Autumn passes and one remembers one's reverence
Winter passes and one remembers one's perseverance."
-- Yoko Ono, Season of Glass
"Those who contemplate the beauty of the earth find reserves of strength that will endure as long as life lasts. There is something infinitely healing in the repeated refrains of nature -- the assurance that dawn comes after night, and spring after winter."
-- Rachel Carson
"Those who dwell among the beauties and mysteries of the earth are never alone or weary of life."
-- Rachel Carson
"...But I heard Rosa Parks. And I heard Martin Luther King Jr. I met Rosa Parks in 1957 when I was 17. In 1958, I met Dr. King, and these two individuals inspired me to get into trouble, and I've been getting in good trouble, necessary trouble, ever since."
-- Congressman John Lewis
"I have a dream, that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character."
-- Dr Martin Luther King Jr (Aug 28, 1963)
"A riot is the language of the unheard."
-- Dr Martin Luther King Jr
"Far better to dare mighty things, to win glorious triumphs, even though checkered by failure, than to take rank with those poor spirits who neither enjoy much nor suffer much . . . in the grey twilight that knows not victory nor defeat."
-- Theodore Roosevelt
"Here is your country. Cherish these natural wonders, cherish the natural resources, cherish the history and romance as a sacred heritage, for your children and your children's children. Do not let selfish men or greedy interests skin your country of its beauty, its riches or its romance."
-- Theodore Roosevelt
"Failure lies not in falling down but rather in not getting up."
-- anon
"Do what you can, with what you have, where you are."
-- Theodore Roosevelt
"If you can't say something good about someone, sit right here by me."
-- Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth (daughter of Theodore Roosevelt)
"I'm afraid I'm not personally qualified to confuse cats."
-- Graham Chapman
"As I grow older, I pay less attention to what men say. I just watch what they do."
-- Andrew Carnegie
"As we grow old the beauty steals inward."
-- Ralph Waldo Emerson
"Old age isn't so bad when you consider the alternative."
-- Maurice Chevalier
"The ones who love you expect the most of you."
-- anon
"How bold one gets when one is sure of being loved."
-- Sigmund Freud
"There is a tendency in our planning to confuse the unfamiliar with the improbable."
-- Jeffery Goldberg (editor-in-chief of The Atlantic)
"Everyone has a plan. Until they make that first turn." (reference to skiing)
-- Jacek Walicki
Roy: Quite an experience to live in fear, isn't it? That's what it is to be a slave. I've seen things you people wouldn't believe. Attack ships on fire off the shoulder of Orion. I watched c-beams glitter in the dark near Tanhauser Gate. All those moments will be lost in time like tears in rain. Time to die.
Deckard:I don't know why he saved my life. Maybe in those last moments, he loved life more than he ever had before. Not just his life, anybody's life, my life. All he'd wanted were the same answers the rest of us want. Where did I come from? Where am I going? How long have I got? All I could do was sit there and watch him die.
-- from the movie Blade Runner
I must down to the seas again, to the lonely sea the sky,
And all I ask is a tall ship and a star to steer her by,
And the wheel's kick and the wind's song and the white sail's shaking,
And a gray mist on the sea's face and a gray dawn breaking
-- John Masefield
"Nothing can be said about the sea."
-- Mr Selvam, Akkrapattai, India 2004
"If you refuse, you die, she dies, everybody dies!"
-- Ard to Den in the movie Heavy Metal
"We can only hope to bury you in secrecy so your grave is not violated."
-- Legal advice to Captain Stern from the movie Heavy Metal
"The law of the Creator, which invests every human being with an inalienable title to freedom, cannot be repealed by any interior law which asserts that man is property."
-- Salmon P. Chase
"Between stimulus and response there is a space. In that space lies our freedom and power to choose our response. In our response lies our growth and freedom."
-- Victor E. Frankl
Law of the Splintered Paddle
Oh people,
Honor thy god;
respect alike [the rights of] people both great and humble;
May everyone, from the old men and women to the children
Be free to go forth and lie in the road (i.e. by the roadside or pathway)
Without fear of harm.
Break this law, and die.
-- Proclaimed by King Kamehameha I
"Evil: I am evil. I existed before God. When I have the map I will be free and the world will be different. I have understanding.
Robert: Understanding of what master?
Evil: Digital watches. And soon I will have understanding of video cassette recorders. And when I have understanding of them, I shall have understanding of computers. And when I have understanding of computers, I shall be the Supreme Being. God isn't interested in technology. He knows nothing of the potential of the micro chip or the silicon revolution. Look how he spends his time. Forty-three species of parrots! Nipples for men!
Robert: Slugs.
Evil: Slugs! He created slugs. They can't hear. They can't speak. They can't operate heavy machinery. If I were creating a world, I wouldn't mess around with butterflies and daffodils. I would've started with lasers 8 o'clock day one!"
-- From the movie "Time Bandits"
Evil: Robert, we must plan a new world together. This time we'll start it properly. Tell me about computers.
-- From the movie "Time Bandits"
"A man with a watch knows what time it is. A man with two watches is never sure."
-- Segal's Law
"If a man is crossing the river and an empty boat collides with his skiff, even though he is a bad tempered man he will not become very angry. But if he sees a man in the other boat he will scream and shout and curse at the man to steer clear. If you can empty your own boat crossing the river of the world, no one will oppose you, no one will seek to harm you. Thus is the perfect man -- his boat is empty."
-- Chuang-Tzu
"Come what may, time and the hour runs through the roughest day."
-- Macbeth from Macbeth by Shakespeare Act I scene 3
"Civilization advances by extending the number of important operations which we can perform without thinking of them."
-- Alfred North Whitehead
"To see what is general in what is particular and what is permanent in what is transitory is the aim of scientific thought."
-- Alfred North Whitehead
"We were two men in a land of stone, and we walked toward the same star. I was happy to be on the Drus, but here as elsewhere, my happiness was to lead a companion. What would a guide be without someone to lead? Good weather, bad weather, easy, difficult, I needed to sing the same tune as he. That was the best gift of our mountains. Climbing to the summit, one man does his job, another is on vacation and the luxury of their efforts is friendship."
-- Gaston
"His life as a climber has had a huge impact on how he deals with this. Climbing, you do the best you can with what you've got, from where you are, right now. You are focused in this moment on solving this next step, this next move. You're not saying, 'Arg, this shouldn't have happened. Why is this crack ending here?' If you're doing that your creativity shuts down."
"When you stay open to possibilities, you stay in the present moment and you keep moving. You can make the best possible decisions when you keep your creativity open and you're embracing reality. That's what Jeff calls it, 'embracing reality' instead of resisting reality."
-- Connie Self (partner of Jeff Lowe, about Jeff when he had a terminal illness)
"You have to do those things you want to when you have that desire - because things change. In fact, you will lose your desire for certain things. If you don't do them when you want to, you may never have that experience at all, because what you desire changes over time."
-- Jeff Lowe
"My eyesight is failing but my vision is slowly becoming more acute."
-- Jeff Lowe
"Do it now. Tomorrow may never come."
-- Jeff Lowe
"There are two ways to become rich: earn more or want less."
-- Sherpa proverb
"When life gets tangled there something so reassuring about climbing a mountain. The challenge is unambiguous."
-- Stacy Allison
"Tekieli talks of the singular focus needed to summit a Himalayan peak in the maw of winter. The universe narrows to a meter or two. 'There's something mystical. It's not about the mountain, which is inert. It's you. It's what you discover about yourself in all those hours of concentration.'"
-- Michael Powell interview of Polish climber Kacper Tekieli
"There are many paths leading to the top of Mount Fuji, but there is only one summit."
-- Morihei Ueshiba
"Naturally, the common people don't want war, but they can always be brought to the bidding of the leaders. Tell them they are being attacked, and decnounce the pacifists for lack of patriotism and endangering country. If works the same in every country."
-- Herman Goering at the Nuremberg Trials
"Common sense is merely unaided intuition, and unaided intuition is reasoning performed in the absense of instruments and the tested knowledge of science. Common sense tells us that massive satellites cannot hang suspended 36,000 kilometers above the one point on the earth's surface, but they do..."
-- E. O. Wilson
"Splendor awaits in minute proportions."
-- E. O. Wilson
"Destroying a rainforest for economic gain is like burning a Renaissance painting to cook a meal"
-- E. O. Wilson
"Don't feel lonely. The entire universe is inside you."
-- Rumi
"Life is a balance between holding on and letting go."
-- Rumi
"Let yourself be silently drawn
by the pull of what you really love.
It will not lead you astray."
-- Rumi
"When times are bad, paint the lunch counter"
-- Russell Tru, part owner of White Stallion Horse Ranch
"Nature holds the key to our aesthetic, intellectual, cognitive and even spiritual satisfaction."
-- E. O. Wilson
"The love of complexity without reductionism makes art; the love of complexity with reductionism makes science"
-- E. O. Wilson
"People would rather believe than know."
-- E. O. Wilson
"Jungles and grasslands are the logical destinations, and towns and farmland the labyrinths that people have imposed between them sometime in the past. I cherish the green enclaves accidentally left behind."
-- E. O. Wilson
"The great challenge of the twenty-first century is to raise people everywhere to a decent standard of living while preserving as much of the rest of life as possible."
-- E. O. Wilson
"You are capable of more than you know. Choose a goal that seems right for you and strive to be the best, however hard the path. Aim high. Behave honorably. Prepare to be alone at times, and to endure failure. Persist! The world needs all you can give."
-- E. O. Wilson
"Adults forget the depths of languor into which the adolescent mind decends with ease. They are prone to undervalue the mental growth that occurs during daydreaming and aimlses wandering."
-- E. O. Wilson
"In the end, we will conserve only what we love, we will love only what we understand, and we will understand only what we are taught."
-- Baba Dioum, a Senegalese ecologist
"The beginning of wisdom, as the Chinese say, is calling things by their right names."
-- E. O. Wilson, in The Diversity of Life
"What I saw so clearly when I started climbing was adventure. Difficulty was only an ingredient. I never thought to wonder about grades, just as I never thought to wonder what Tarzan might bench press. I found the closer I moved to sport, the closer I felt to science -- and the closer I moved to adventure, the closer I felt to greatness."
-- Peter Croft
"Lying on my back, staring up at the massive corners and overhangs, I wondered if we would succeed. But not knowing was our greatest pleasure."
-- Scott Cosgrove
"When life gets tangled there's something so reassuring about climbing a mountain. The challenge is unambiguous."
-- Stacy Allison
"The best poets, after all, exhibit only a tame and civil side of nature. They have not seen the west side of any mountain."
-- Henry David Thoreau
"Faster, faster, until the thrill of speed overcomes the fear of death. "
-- Hunter S. Thompson
'Life should not be a journey to the grave with the intention of arriving in a pretty and well preserved body, but rather to skid in broadside in a cloud of smoke, thoroughly used up, totally worn out, and loudly proclaiming... "Wow! What a ride!"'
-- Hunter S. Thompson
"The cave you fear to enter holds the treasure you seek."
-- Joseph Campbell
"Find a place inside where there's joy, and the joy will burn out the pain."
-- Joseph Campbell
"Love need not be a command or faith a dictum. We are here to laugh at the odds and live our lives so well that Death will tremble to take us."
-- attrib. Charles Bukowski
"Death is nature's way of telling you to slow down."
-- A.E. Newman
"If you can survive death, you can probably survive anything."
-- Maxwell Smart
"Distrust all in whom the impulse to punish is powerful."
-- Friedrich Nietzche
"That which does not kill us makes us strong."
-- Friedrich Nietzche
"That which does not kill me postpones the inevitable."
-- despair.com
"It is always darkest just before it goes pitch black."
-- despair.com
"Madness is the exception in individuals, but the rule in groups."
-- a paraphrase of Friedrich Nietzche by Irving Janis
"Its amazing to me how few oil people really understand that you only find oil and gas when you drill wells!"
-- anon
"Be brave enough to suck at something new."
-- anon
"So you think that you're a failure do you? Well, you probably are. What's wrong with that? In the first place, if you've any sense at all you must have learned by now that we pay just as dearly for our triumphs and we do for our defeats. Go ahead and fail. But fail with wit, fail with grace, fail with style. A mediocre failure is as insufferable as a mediocre success. Embrace failure. Seek it out. Learn to love it. That may be the only way any of us will ever be free"
-- Tom Robbins
"...the most dangerous shortsightedness consists in underestimating the mediocre."
-- Georges Bernanos
"YOU ARE STANDING AT THE END OF A ROAD BEFORE A SMALL BRICK BUILDING. AROUND YOU IS A FOREST. A SMALL STREAM FLOWS OUT OF THE BUILDING AND DOWN A GULLY."
-- Intial words in the Colossal Cave Adventure game (circa 1977)
"YOU ARE AT WITT'S END. PASSAGES LEAD OFF IN *ALL* DIRECTIONS."
-- Witt's End from the Colossal Cave Adventure game (circa 1977)
"Nowadays people die of a sort of a creeping common sense, and discover when it is too late that the only things one never regrets are one's mistakes."
-- Oscar Wilde
"Life is too important to be taken seriously."
-- Oscar Wilde
"We only die once. We live every day."
-- annon
"I didn't recognize you. I've changed a lot."
-- Oscar Wilde
"The pure and simple truth is rarely pure and never simple."
-- Oscar Wilde
"If you don't fail on a regular basis, you are not trying hard enough."
-- attr. to Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard
"The only ones who truly fail are those that never try."
-- anon
"For eternally and always there is only one now, one and the same now; the present is the only thing that has no end."
-- Erwin Schrodinger
"Every man takes the limits of his own field of vision for the limits of the world."
-- Schopenhauer, Further Psychological Observations, 1851
"It's kinda fun to do the impossible"
-- Walt Disney
"I am Moana of Motunui. You will board my boat, sail across the sea and restore the heart of Te Fiti."
-- Moana from the movie "Moana"
"It's actually, 'Maui, shapeshifter, demigod of the wind and sea, hero of men'"
-- Maui from the movie "Moana"
"The little things in life are as interesting as the big ones."
-- Henry David Thoreau
"It is not the same thing to talk of bulls as to be in the bullring."
-- Spanish proverb
"O say, can you see, by the dawn's early light, What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last gleaming? Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watch'd, were so gallantly streaming? And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof thro' the night that our flag was still there. O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?"
-- the first verse of the national anthem of the USA
"Do your work, then step back. The only path to serenity."
-- Lao-tzu
"What is subversive today, will almost certainly be patriotic tomorrow."
-- Lucius Beebe
"You don't need to discover your worth, You just need to remember it."
-- anon
Work like you don't need the money,
Love like you have never been hurt,
Dance like no one is watching.
-- anonymous
Many eyes go through the meadow, but few see the flowers in it.
-- Ralph Waldo Emerson
"Of course there is a monkey. There is always a monkey."
--S. (in the novel S by Dorst)
"Enlightenment is intimacy with all things."
-- Jack Kornfield
"The trouble is, you think you have time...."
-- Jack Kornfield, Buddha's Little Instruction Book
A monk asked," What is the fact of my nature?". Chao-chou said, "Shake the tree and birds take to the air, startle the fish and water becomes muddy."
-- Chao-chou
With every gust of wind
the butterfly changes its place
on the willow
-- Basho
Spring wind combs
Here and there
The weeping willow s hair
-- Basho
"As my ancestors are free from slavery, I am free from the slavery of religion."
-- Bufferfly McQueen (Actress)
"Religion is regarded by the common people as true, by the wise as false, and by the rulers as useful."
-- Lucius Seneca
"Practice has to be a process of endless disappointment. We have to see that everything we demand (and even get) eventually disappoints us. This discovery is our teacher."
-- Charlotte Joko Beck
Where does a wise man kick a pebble? On the beach. Where does a wise man hide a leaf? In the forest.
-- G.K. Chesterton
I saw people coming towards me But all were the same man, All were myself.
-- Sokei-an
"I have seen the future and it's like the present, only longer."
-- Dan Quisenberry
"We can hold back neither the coming of the flowers nor the downward rush of the stream; sooner or later, everything comes to its fruition."
-- Loy Ching-Yuen
"We never remember days, only moments."
-- Cesare Pavese
"As evening draws near, you regret that you did not practice early in the morning. The worldly pleasure which you enjoy now becomes suffering in the future. Why then are you attached to this pleasure? One moment of practice becomes lasting pleasure. Why then do you not practice?"
-- Won Hyo
"The more I practice, the luckier I get."
-- anon
"Seize today, and put as little trust as you can in the morrow."
-- Horace
"I know what the greatest cure is: it is to give up, to relinquish, to surrender, so that our little hearts may be in unison with the great part of the world."
-- Henry Miller
Rose: But what do I do every day, Mum? Get up. Go to work. Catch the bus, eat chips, and go to bed.
Mickey: It's what the rest of us do.
Rose: But I can't.
Mickey: Because you re better than us?
Rose: No, I didn't mean that. But it was, it was a better life. I don t mean all the travelling and seeing aliens and spaceships and things. That don't matter. The Doctor showed me a better way of living your life. [to Mickey] You know, he showed you too. You don't just give up. You don t just let things happen. You make a stand. You say "no." You have the guts to do what's right when everyone else just runs away, and I just can't...!
-- Rose Tyler from Dr. Who (episode: Parting of the Ways)
"See into life. Don't just look at it."
-- Anne Baxter
"So when you try hard to make your own way, you will help others...before you make your own way you cannot help anyone, and no one can help you."
-- Shunryu Suzuki
"If you don't know how to fix it, please, stop breaking it."
-- Severn Cullis-Suzuki (12 year-old who spoke for the children a the 1992 Rio Earth summit in Brazil)
"You become what you think about all day long."
-- Ralph Waldo Emerson
"Most people are so worried about their security that they are afraid to take the risks that let them really enjoy living."
-- Paul Krapf
"Rene Char wrote somewhere, apropos poetry, that there are those who create and those who discover; they are too completely different worlds. Photograph also has two sides to it and thank goodness, I am only intersted in those who discover; I feel a certain solidarity with those who set out in a spirit of discovery; I think there is much more risk invovled in this than in trying to create images; and in the end, reality is more important."
-- Henri Cartier-Bresson
"The painter constructs, the photographer discloses."
-- Susan Sontag
"Progress always involves risk. You can't steal second with your foot on first."
-- anon
"You cannot perceive beauty but with a serene mind."
-- Henry David Thoreau
"The difficult we do immediately. The impossible takes a little longer."
-- Slogan of the United States Army Service Forces
"All things are difficult before they are easy."
-- Thomas Fuller
"All right, so it's impossible--how long will it take?"
-- J. J. Adams, Commander of United Planets Cruiser C57D
From the movie "Forbidden Planet"
Shadowless dusk
growing colder -
steaming teakettle
-- Mike Garofalo, Cuttings
My object all sublime
I shall achieve in time--
To let the punishment fit the crime--
The punishment fit the crime;
And make each prisoner pent
Unwillingly represent
A source of innocent merriment!
Of innocent merriment
- The Mikado, Gilbert and Sullivan
Two birds disputed about a kernel, when a third swooped down and carried it off.
-- proverb from the Congo
A crow
Perched on a withered tree
In the autumn evening.
-- Basho
Sweet bird! thy bow'r is ever green, Thy sky is ever clear; thou has't no sorrow in thy song, No winter in thy year.
-- John Logan
"Don't trip over what is behind you."
-- Callie King, horsewoman
"A garden is evidence of faith. It links us with all the misty figures of the past who also planted and were nourished by the fruits of their planting."
--Gladys Taber
The kiss of the sun for pardon,
the song of the birds for mirth,
you are nearer god's heart in a garden,
than anywhere else on earth.
--A tablet in the Bok Tower gardens in Florida
"Seek in the garden shades a seat,
Far from the playground din;
The sun is warm, the air is sweet:
Stay till I call you in."
A long and pleasant afternoon
I passed in those green bowers,
All silent, tranquil, and alone
With birds, and bees, and flowers.
Yet when my master's voice I heard
Call, from the window, "Jane!"
I entered, joyful, at the word,
The busy house again.
--Charlotte Bronte (from The Professor)
"An apple never falls far from the tree."
-- anon
"A weed is but an unloved flower."
-- anon
"Weeds, as a type, are mobile, prolific, genetically diverse. They're unfussy about where they live, adapt quickly to environmental stress, use multiple strategies for getting their own way,... It's curious that it took us so long to realize that the species they most resemble is us."
-- from "Weeds: In Defense o Natures Most Unloved Plants" by Richard Mabey
"In the depths of winter I finally learned that within me there lay an invincible summer."
-- Albert Camus
"I think that no matter how old or infirm I may become, I will always plant a large garden in the spring. Who can resist the feelings of hope and joy that one gets from participating in nature's rebirth?"
-- Edward Giobbi
"Spring is when you feel like whistling even with a shoe full of slush."
-- Doug Larson
"Autumn is a second spring when every leaf is a flower."
-- Albert Camus
"Listen! the wind is rising, and the air is wild with leaves, We have had our summer evenings, now for October eves!"
-- HumbeIt Wolfe
"But now in September the garden has cooled, and with it my possessiveness. The sun warms my back instead of beating on my head ...The harvest has dwindled, and I have grown apart from the intense midsummer relationship that brought it on. "
-- Robert Finch
"Delicious autumn! My very soul is wedded to it, and if I were a bird I would fly about the earth seeking the successive autumns."
-- George Eliot
"There is a harmony In autumn, and a lustre in its sky, Which through the summer is not heard or seen, As if it could not be, as if it had not been!"
-- Percy Bysshe Shelley
"Far out in the uncharted backwaters of the unfashionable end of the Western Spiral arm of the Galaxy lies a small unregarded yellow sun. Orbiting this at a distance of roughly nintey-eight million miles is an utterly insignificant little blue-green planet whose ape-descended life forms are so amazingly primitive that they still think digital watches are a pretty neat idea.
This planet has-or rather had-a problem, which was this: most of the people living on it were unhappy for pretty much of the time. Many solutions were suggested for this problem, but most of these were largely concerned with the movements of small green pieces of paper, which is odd because on the whole it wasn't the small green pieces of paper that were unhappy. "
-- the opening to "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"
"In many of the more relaxed civilizations on the Outer Eastern Rim of the Galaxy, the Hitchhiker's Guide has already supplanted the great Encyclopaedia Galactica as the standard repository of all knowledge and wisdom, for though it has many omissions and contains much that is apocryphal, or at least wildly inaccurate, it scores over the older, more pedestrian work in two important respects. First, it is slightly cheaper; and secondly it has the words DON'T PANIC inscribed in large friendly letters on its cover."
-- the opening to "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"
Arthur DentIt's at times like this, when I'm stuck in a Vogon airlock with a man from Betelegeuse about to die of asphyxiation in deep space, that I really wish I'd listened to what my mother told me when I was little
Ford PrefectWhy, what did she tell you?
Arthur DentI don't know, I didn't listen!
-- "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"
The principle of generating small amounts of finite improbability by simply hooking the logic circuits of a Bambleweeny 57 Sub-Meson Brain to an atomic vector plotter suspended in a strong Brownian Motion producer (say a nice hot cup of tea) were of course well understood.
-- "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"
"Life," said Marvin dolefully, "loathe it or ignore it, you can't like it."
-- Marvin from "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"
"Oh God," muttered Ford, slumped against a bulkhead and started to count to ten. He was desperately worried that one day sentient life forms would forget how to do this. Only by counting could humans demonstrate their independence of computers.
-- "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"
"Joo Janta 200 Super-Chromatic Peril Sensitive Sunglasses have been specially designed to help people develop a relaxed attitude to danger. At the first hint of trouble, they turn totally black and thus prevent you from seeing anything that might alarm you."
-- Zaphod Beelbebrox in "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" series
Well, you're obviously being totally naive", Said the girl, "When you've been in marketing as long as I have, you know that before any new product can be developed it has to be properly researched. We've got to find out what people want from fire, how they relate to it, what sort of image it has for them."
"Stick it up your nose," Ford said.
"Which is precisely the sort of thing we need to know," insisted the girl. "Do people want fire that can be fitted nasally?"
"And the wheel," said the Captain, "what about this wheel thingy? It sounds a terribly interesting project."
"Ah," said the marketing girl, "well, we're having a little difficulty there."
"Difficulty?" exclaimed Ford. "Difficulty? What do you mean, difficulty? It's the single simplest machine in the entire Universe!"
The marketing girl soured him with a look. "All right Mr. Wiseguy," she said, "you're so clever, you tell us what color it should be."
-- "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"
"Space is big. Really big. You just won t believe how vastly hugely mindbogglingly big it is. I mean you may think it s a long way down the road to the chemist s, but that s just peanuts to space."
-- "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"
"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a wholly remarkable book. Perhaps the most remarkable, certainly the most successful book ever to come out of the great publishing corporations of Ursa Minor - of which no Earthman had ever heard of. More popular than The Celestial Home Care Omnibus, better selling than Fifty-three More Things to do in Zero Gravity, and more controversial than Oolon Colluphid's trilogy of philosophical blockbusters Where God Went Wrong, Some More of God's Greatest Mistakes and Who is this God Person Anyway? It's already supplanted the Encyclopedia Galactica as the standard repository of all knowledge and wisdom, for two important reasons. First, it's slightly cheaper; and secondly it has the words DON'T PANIC printed in large friendly letters on its cover."
-- "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"
"Oh, the Paranoid Android," he said. "Yeah, we'll take him."
"But what are supposed to do with a manically depressed robot?"
"You think you've got problems," said Marvin as if he was addressing a newly occupied coffin, "what are you supposed to do if you are a manically depressed robot? No, don't bother to answer that, I'm fifty thousand times more intelligent than you and even I don't know the answer. It gives me a headache just trying to think down to your level."
-- "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"
The Encyclopedia Galactica defines a robot as a mechanical apparatus designed to do the work of a man. The marketing division of the Sirius Cybernetics Corporation defines a robot as "Your Plastic Pal Who's Fun To Be With."
-- "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"
Mr. McGuire: I want to say one word to you. Just one word.
Benjamin: Yes, sir.
Mr. McGuire: Are you listening?
Benjamin: Yes, I am.
Mr. McGuire: Plastics.
-- "The Graduate" 1967
"Sorry, did I say something wrong?" said Marvin, dragging himself on regardless. "Pardon me for breathing, which I never do anyway so I don't know why I bother to say it, oh God I'm so depressed. Here's another of those self-satisfied doors. Life! Don't talk to me about life."
-- "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"
"Kittens give Morbo gas. In lighter news, the city of New New York is doomed."
-- Morbo the Annihilator from Futurama
"The fool. The meddling idiot! As though his ape's brain could contain the secrets of the Krell."
-- Dr. Morbius From the movie "Forbidden Planet"
"The Lord expects you to do some things for yourself."
-- Paul "Bear" Bryant
"Sometimes I feel that a more rational explanation for all that has happened during my lieftime is that I am still only thirteen years old, reading Jules Verne or H.G. Wells, and have fallen asleep."
--Stanislaw Ulam in "Adventures of a Mathematician"
"In many cases, mathematics is an escape from reality. The mathematician finds his own monastic niche and happiness in pursuits that are disconnected from external affairs. Some practice it as if using a drug. Chess sometimes plays a similar role. In their unhappiness over the events of this world, some immerse themselves in a kind of self-sufficiency in mathematics. (Some have engaged in it for this reason alone.)"
--Stanislaw Ulam in "Adventures of a Mathematician"
"Any good idea can be stated in fifty words or less."
--Stanislaw Ulam
"Anybody can get hit over the head."
-- Aristotle
"Geometry draws the soul towards truth."
-- Plato
"In all things of nature, there is something of the marvelous."
-- Aristotle
"If you meet a swordsman on the road show him your sword. If you meet a man who is not a poet, don't read him your poem."
-- Lao Tsu
"To make use of your mind to think conceptually is to leave substance and attach yourself to form"
-- Huang Po
"From discrimination between this and that a host of demons spring forth"
-- Huang Po
"Don't be angry when the dancing elephant steps on your feet. Be happy that the elephant can dance at all."
-- W. L. Kennedy
"Writing about music is like dancing about architecture."
-- Elvis Costello
"We live in a world lit by lightning. After the flash, we're blind again."
-- T-Bone Burnett
"I said to my soul, be still, and wait without hope for hope would be hope for the wrong thing; wait without love For love would be love of the wrong thing; there is yet faith But the faith and the hope and the love are all in the waiting. Wait without thought, for you are not ready for thought: So the darkness shall be the light, and the stillness the dancing."
-- T.S. Elliott in "Four Quartets"
"I have yet to see any problem, however complicated, which, when you looked at it the right way, did not become more complicated."
-- Poul Anderson
"Nothing exists except atoms and empty space: everything else is opinion"
--Democritos of Adbera
"Men need some kind of external activity, because they are inactive within."
-- Schopenhauer, Further Psychological Observations, 1851
"Before enlightenment chop wood and carry water.
After enlightenment, chop wood and carry water."
-- Wu Li
"Put your heart, mind, intellect and soul even to your smallest acts. This is the secret of success."
-- Swami Sivananda
"Men never do evil so completely and cheerfully as when the do it from religious conviction"
-- Blais Pascal
"I can't do that, it's against my religion," is religious freedom. "You can't do that, it's against my religion," is not.
-- ACLU
"I'm a virgin, I'm just not very good at it."
-- Valeria Golino, "Hot Shots"
"You will do foolish things, but do them with enthusiasm."
-- Colette
"Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; nobody grows old merely by living a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Whether sixty or sixteen, there is in every human being's heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing child-like appetite of what's next, and the joy of the game of living."
-- Samuel Ullman
"The more we get out of the world the less we leave, and in the long run we shall have to pay for our debts at a time that may be very inconvenient for our own survival."
-- Norbert Wiener, The Human Use of Human Beings
"One of the chief duties of the mathematician in acting as an adviser to scientists is to discourage them from expecting too much from mathematics."
-- Norbert Wiener
"A professor is one who can speak on any subject -- for precisely fifty minutes."
-- Norbert Wiener
"The Advantage is that mathematics is a field in which one's blunders tend to show very clearly and can be corrected or erased with a stroke of the pencil. It is a field which has often been compared with chess, but differs from the latter in that it is only one's best moments that count and not one's worst. A single inattention may lose a chess game, whereas a single successful approach to a problem, among many which have been relegated to the wastebasket, will make a mathematician's reputation."
-- Norbert Wiener in Ex-Prodigy: My Childhood and Youth.
"The best material model of a cat is another, or preferably the same, cat."
-- Norbert Wiener and A Rosenblueth in Philosophy of Science 1945
"Scientific discovery consists in the interpretation for our own convenience of a system of existence which has been made with no eye to our convenience at all."
-- Norbert Wiener
"You can never step into the same river twice, for fresh waters are forever flowing upon you."
-- anon
"The tree in which the sap is stagnant remains fruitless."
-- Hosea Ballou
"When the student is truly ready to learn, a teacher will appear."
-- from Zen Philosophy
"Life is a mystery to be lived, not a problem to be solved."
-- Western Zen Saying
"The higher the truth, the simpler it is."
-Abraham Isaac Kook
"Words are the fog one has to see through."
-- Zen Saying
"Sometimes the highest form of action is inaction."
-- Jerry Brown
"The Mind is the slayer of the Real."
-- The Voice of the Slience
"Think of Zen, of the Void, of Good and Evil, and you are bound hand and foot. Think only and entirely and completely of what you're doing at the moment and you are free as a bird."
-- R.H. Blyth
"I don't believe I can really do without teaching."
-- Richard Feynman
"Study hard what interests you in the most undisciplined, irreverent, and original manner possible."
-- Richard Feynman
"The first principle is that you must not fool yourself, and you are the easiest person to fool."
-- Richard Feynman
"I have the advantage of having found out how hard it is to get to really know something. How careful you have to be about checking your experiments. How easy it is to make mistakes and fool yourself. I know what it means to know something."
-- Richard Feynman
"I don't feel frightened by not knowing things."
-- Richard Feynman
"There are 10^11 stars in the galaxy. That used to be a huge number. But it's only a hundred billion. It's less than the national deficit! We used to call them astronomical numbers. Now we should call them economical numbers."
-- Richard Feynman
"Another thing I must point out is that you cannot prove a vague theory wrong."
-- Richard Feynman
"Feynman is a man for whom I am developing a considerable admiration; he is the brightest of the young theoreticians here and is the first example I have met of that rare species, the native American scientist. His most valuable contribution to physics is as a sustainer of morale; when he bursts into the room with his latest brain wave and proceeds to expound it with lavish sound effects and waving about of the arms, life at least is not dull."
-- Freeman Dyson
"One truly understands only what one can create."
-- Giambattista Vico
"Science is a process for learning about nature in which competing ideas about how the world works are measured against observations."
-- Richard Feynman
"I've come to a frightening conclusion that I am the decisive element in the classroom. It's my personal approach that creates the climate. It's my daily mood that makes the weather. As a teacher, I possess a tremendous power to make a child's life miserable or joyous. I can be a tool of torture or an instrument of inspiration. I can humiliate or humor, hurt or heal. In all situations, it is my response that decides whether a crisis will be escalated or de-escalated and a child humanized or dehumanized."
-- Haim Ginott
"Raising a child is very much like building a skyscraper. If the first few stories are slightly out of line. no one will notice. But when the building is 18 or 20 stories high, everyone will see that it tilts."
-- Jim Bishop
The mediocre teacher tells,
The good teacher explains,
The superior teacher demonstrates,
The *great* teacher inspires.
-- William A. Ward
"If we expect students to be winners and expect them to do well, they will rise to the occasion."
-- Jaime Escalante
"We can talk all we want about awards and salary raises, but the real reward of teaching is teaching. The personal satisfaction you get when you do it effectively is just phenomenal."
-- David W. Pratt
"The only Zen you find on the tops of mountains is the Zen you bring up there."
-- Robert Pirsig
"Zen in the unsymbolization of the world."
-- R. H. Blyth
We dance around in a ring and suppose,
But the Secret sits in the middle and knows.
-- Robert Frost from "The Secret Sits"
Then leaf subsides to leaf.
So Eden sank to grief,
So dawn goes down to day.
Nothing gold can stay.
-- Robert Frost
And those who say, "I'll try anything once," often try nothing twice, three times, arriving late at the gate of dreams worth dying for.
-- Carl Sandburg
"Write the bad things that are done to you in sand,
but write the good things that happen to you on a piece of marble."
-- Arab proverb
"The wind of heaven is that which blows between a horse's ears."
-- Arab proverb
"It's not about finding the horse of your dreams. It's about being the person of your horse's dreams."
-- anon
"Your hands are not to control the horse but simply to feel his thoughts."
-- anon
"No one can teach riding as well as a horse."
-- C. S. Lewis
"... but what if I fall? Oh, but my darling, what if you fly?"
-- Erin Hanson
"Who says paper worlds
Are an escape from what is real?
As though the lives trapped in their binding
Are not ones that make you feel.
For sometimes our greatest lessons
Come from those with ink for skin,
Who reach beyond the page
To take our hand and pull us in."
-- Erin Hanson
"Many of the problems that we see in the horse world today stem from riders demanding performance instead of appreciating effort."
-- Karen Rohlf
"Horsemanship is the art of mastering our own movements, thoughts, emotions and behavior. Not the horses."
-- Mark Rashid
"Somewhere...somewhere in time's own space,
There must be some sweet pastured place
Where creeks sing on and tall trees grow,
Some Paradise where horses go.
For by the love that guides my pen
I know great horses live again."
-- Stanley Harrison
"Slippery-smooth rhythmic motion, absolute single-minded purpose, motion for the pleasure of motion itself. It was terrible in its beauty, the flight of the horse."
-- Larry Niven, Rainbow Mars
"The essential joy of being with horses is that it brings us in contact with the rare elements of grace, beauty, spirit and freedom."
-- Sharon Ralls Lemon
"No heaven can heaven be, if my horse isn't there to welcome me."
-- anonymous
"To see the wind's power, the rain's cleansing and the sun's radiant life, one need only to look at the horse."
-- anonymous
"Half the failures in life result from pulling in one's horse when it is leaping."
-- anonymous
"When your horse follows you without being asked, when he rubs his head on yours, and when you look at him and feel a tingle down your spine...you know you are loved."
-- John Lyons
"A horse gallops with his lungs, Perseveres with his heart, And wins with his character."
-- Frederico Tesio
"I've spent most of my life riding horses. The rest I've just wasted."
-- anonymous
"The horse, with beauty unsurpassed, strength immeasurable and grace unlike any other, still remains humble enough to carry a man upon his back."
-- Amber Senti
"All horses deserve, at least once in their lives, to be loved by a little girl."
-- anonymous
"A true horseman does not look at the horse with his eyes, he looks at his horse with his heart."
-- anonymous
"You can see what man made from the seat of an automobile, but the best way to see what God made is from the back of a horse."
-- Charles M. Russell (1864-1926)
"Wherever man has left his footprints in the long ascent from barbarism to civilization, we find the hoofprint of a horse beside it."
-- John Trotwood Moore
"To understand the soul of a horse is the closest human beings can come to knowing perfection."
-- anonymous
"For one to fly, one needs only to take the reins."
-- Melissa James
"The horse. Here is nobility without conceit, friendship without envy, beauty without vanity. A willing servant, yet never a slave."
-- Ronald Duncan
"When you are on a great horse, you have the best seat you will ever have."
-- Sir Winston Churchill
"We kept him until he died... and sat with him during the long last minutes when a horse comes closest to seeming human."
-- C.J. Mullen
"When a horse greets you with a nicker and regards you with a large and liquid eye, the question of where you want to be has been answered."
-- anonymous
"No philosophers so thoroughly comprehend us as dogs and horses."
-- Herman Melville
"At its finest, rider and horse are joined not by tack, but by trust. Each is totally reliant upon the other. Each is the selfless guardian of the other's very well-being."
-- anonymous
"If your horse says "no", you either asked the wrong question, or asked the question wrong."
-- Pat Parelli
"I heard a neigh. Oh, such a brisk and melodious neigh it was. My very heart leapt with the sound."
-- Nathaniel Hawthorne
"There is no secret so close as that between a rider and his horse."
-- R.S. Surtees
"And indeed, a horse who bears himself proudly is a thing of such beauty and astonishment that he attracts the eyes of all beholders. No one will tire of looking at him as long as he will display himself in his splendor."
-- Xenophon (430BC-354BC)
"The history of mankind is carried on the back of a horse."
-- anonymous
"It is easy to conquer the world from the back of a horse."
-- Genghis Khan
"You took me to adventure and to love. We two have shared great joy and great sorrow. And now I stand at the gate of the paddock watching you run in an ecstasy of freedom, knowing you will return to stand quietly, loyally, beside me."
-- Pam Brown
"He knows when you're happy. He knows when you're comfortable. He knows when you're confident. And he always knows when you have carrots."
-- anonymous
"One can get in a car and see what man has made. One must get on a horse to see what God has made."
-- anonymous
"No hour of life is wasted that is spent in the saddle."
-- Winston Churchill
"When the Almighty put hoofs on the wind and a bridle on the lightning, He called it a horse."
-- anonymous
"A man on a horse is spiritually, as well as physically, bigger than a man on foot."
-- John Steinbeck
"To see a horse is to see an angel on earth."
-- anonymous
"A dog looks up to a man. A cat looks down on a man. But a patient horse looks a man in the eye and sees him as an equal."
-- anonymous
"To ride on a horse is to fly without wings".
-- anonymous
"In riding a horse, we borrow freedom."
-- anonymous
"In the steady gaze of the horse shines a silent eloquence that speaks of love and loyalty, strength and courage. It is the window that reveals to us how willing is his spirit, how generous his heart."
-- anonymous
"His hooves pound the beat, your heart sings the song."
-- Jerry Shulman
"Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known."
-- Carl Sagan
"We are a way for the cosmos to know itself."
-- Carl Sagan
"Sometimes a concept is baffling not because it is profound, but because it is wrong."
-- E. O. Wilson
"They laughed at Columbus, they laughed at Fulton, they laughed at the Wright Brothers. But they also laughed at Bozo the Clown .
-- Carl Sagan
"At the heart of science is an essential balance between two seemingly contradictory attitudes--an openness to new ideas, no matter how bizarre or counterintuitive they may be, and the most ruthless skeptical scrutiny of all ideas, old and new. This is how deep truths are winnowed from deep nonsense."
-- Carl Sagan
"You go talk to kindergarteners or first grade kids, you find a class full of science enthusiasts. And they ask deep questions! They ask: 'What is a dream, why do we have toes, why is the moon round, what is the birthday of the world, why is the grass green?' These are profound, important questions! They just bubble right out of them. You go talk to 12th graders and there's none of that. They've become incurious. Something terrible has happened between kindergarten and 12th grade."
-- Carl Sagan
"I have a foreboding of an America in my children's or grandchildren's time -- when the United States is a service and information economy; when nearly all the manufacturing industries have slipped away to other countries; when awesome technological powers are in the hands of a very few, and no one representing the public interest can even grasp the issues; when the people have lost the ability to set their own agendas or knowledgeably question those in authority; when, clutching our crystals and nervously consulting our horoscopes, our critical faculties in decline, unable to distinguish between what feels good and what's true, we slide, almost without noticing, back into superstition and darkness. The dumbing down of America is most evident in the slow decay of substantive content in the enormously influential media, the 30 second sound bites (now down to 10 seconds or less), lowest common denominator programming, credulous presentations on pseudoscience and superstition, but especially a kind of celebration of ignorance"
- Carl Sagan, The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark (1997)
"Smooth seas do not make for good sailors."
-- proverb
"The crisis was over. What was more, they had taken the first step toward genuine friendship. They had exchanged vulnerabilities."
-- from the book "2010"
"Friendshipis the comfort, the inexpressable comfort of feeling safe with a person having neither to weigh thoughts nor measure words but pouring all right out just as they are, chaff and grain together, certain that a faithful hand will take and sift them, keep what is worth keeping and with a breath of comfort, blow the rest away."
-- anon
"Progress does not consist of replacing a theory that is wrong with one that is right. It consists of replacing a theory that is wrong with one that is more subtly wrong."
-- anon
"The only gift is a protion of thyself... therefore the poet brings his poem; the shepherd, his lamb; the farmer, corn; the miner, a gem; the sailer, coral and shells; the painter, his picture; the girl, a hankerchief of the own sewing."
-- Ralph Waldo Emerson
"The Earth is our mother; our nine months are up."
-- anon
"Never attribute to malice what can be adequately explained by stupidity."
-- anon
"Remember, one treats others with courtesy and respect not because they are gentlemen or gentlewomen, but because you are."
-- Garth Henrichs
"Be excellent to each other!"
-- Bill and Ted
"Be usable to each other!"
-- Usability Man
"Alice: 'Where do I go from here?'
The Cheshire Cat: "That depends on where you want to get to."
-- Alice in Wonderland
"If I Had My Life to Live Over, I'd dare to make more mistakes. I'd relax, I would limber up. I would be sillier than I have been this trip. I would take fewer things seriously. I would take more chances. I would climb more mountains and swim more rivers. I would eat more ice cream and less beans. I would perhaps have more actual troubles, but I'd have fewer imaginary ones. You see, I'm one of those people who live sensibly and sanely hour after hour, day after day. Oh, I've had my moments, and if I had it to do over again, I'd have more of them. In fact, I'd try to have nothing else. Just moments, one after another, instead of living so many years ahead of each day. I've been one of those persons who never goes anywhere without a thermometer, a hot water bottle, a raincoat and a parachute. If I had to do it again, I would travel lighter than I have. If I had my life to live over, I would start barefoot earlier in the spring and stay that way later in the fall. I would go to more dances. I would ride more merry-go-rounds. I would pick more daisies."
-- Nadine Stair, age 85
"Sit tall in the saddle, hold your head up high
Keep your eyes fixed where the trail meets the sky
And live like you ain't afraid to die
And don't be scared, just enjoy your ride"
-- Chris Ledoux song "The Ride"
"I think the highest and lowest points are the important ones. All the points in between are, well, in between."
-- Jim Morrison
"If you understand, things are just as they are; you do not understand, things are just as they are."
-- Zen verse
"In peace, sons bury their fathers; in war, fathers bury their sons."
-- Herodotus
"Go placidly amidst the noise and haste, and remember what peace there may be in silence. As far as possible without surrender be on good terms with all persons. Speak your truth quietly and clearly; and listen to others, even the dull and the ignorant; they too have their story. Avoid loud and aggressive persons, they are vexatious to the spirit. If you compare yourself with others, you may become vain or bitter; for always there will be greater and lesser persons than yourself. Enjoy your achievements as well as your plans. Keep interested in your own career, however humble; it is a real possession in the changing fortunes of time. Exercise caution in your business affairs; for the world is full of trickery. But let this not blind you to what virtue there is; many persons strive for high ideals; and everywhere life is full of heroism. Be yourself. Especially, do not feign affection. Neither be cynical about love; for in the face of all aridity and disenchantment it is as perennial as the grass. Take kindly the counsel of the years, gracefully surrendering the things of youth. Nurture strength of spirit to shield you in sudden misfortune. But do not distress yourself with dark imaginings. Many fears are born of fatigue and loneliness. Beyond a wholesome discipline, be gentle with yourself. You are a child of the universe, no less than the trees and the stars; you have a right to be here. And whether or not it is clear to you, no doubt the universe is unfolding as it should. Therefore be at peace with God, whatever you conceive Him to be, and whatever your labors and aspirations, in the noisy confusion of life keep peace with your soul. With all its shams, drudgery, and broken dreams, it is still a beautiful world. Be cheerful. Strive to be happy"
-- Desiderata of Max Ehrmann
"There never was a good war, or a bad peace."
-- Benjamin Franklin
"For want of a nail a shoe was lost, for want of a shoe a horse was lost, for want of a horse a rider was lost, for want of a rider a army was lost, for want of an army a battle was lost, for want of a battle the war was lost, for want of the war the kingdom was lost, and all for the want of a little horseshoe nail."
-- Benjamin Franklin
"The war [in Vietnam] which we can neither win, lose, nor drop is evidence of an instability of ideas."
-- Senator Scott ?, from the movie The Fog of War
"War: a massacre of people who don't know each other for the profit of people who know each other but don't massacre each other."
-- Paul Valery
"Forgivenrss made me free fom hatred. I still have many scars on my body and severe pain most days but my heart is cleansed. Napalm is very powerful, but faith, forgiveness, and love are much more powerful. We would not have war at all if everyone could learn how to live with true love, hope, and forgiveness. If that little girl in the picture can do it, ask yourself: Can you?"
-- Kim Phúc, naked girl in picture running down road after napalm strike in Vietname, NPR in 2008
"War doesn't determine who's right, just who's left."
-- anon
"Peace is not a relationship of nations. It is a condition of mind brought about by a serenity of soul. Peace is not merely the absence of war. It is also a state of mind. Lasting peace can come only to peaceful people."
-- Jawaharlal Nehru
"Peace cannot be achieved through violence, it can only be attained through understanding."
-- Ralph Waldo Emerson
"Everyone has a plan until they get punched in the mouth."
-- Mike Tyson
"If we have no peace, it is because we have forgotten that we belong to each other."
-- Mother Teresa
"All we are saying is give peace a chance."
-- John Lennon
"The world will never have lasting peace so long as men reserve for war the finest human qualities. Peace, no less than war, requires idealism and self-sacrifice and a righteous and dynamic faith."
-- John Foster Dulles
"The perfect life: to live in a world of peace in a lake district where the magistrate is good and honest, and to have an understanding wife and bright children."
-- Chang Chao
"The less effort, the faster and more powerful you will be."
-- Bruce Lee
"Be like water making its way through cracks. Do not be assertive, but adjust to the object, and you shall find a way around or through it. If nothing within you stays rigid, outward things will disclose themselves.
Empty your mind, be formless. Shapeless, like water. If you put water into a cup, it becomes the cup. You put water into a bottle and it becomes the bottle. You put it in a teapot, it becomes the teapot. Now, water can flow or it can crash. Be water, my friend."
-- Bruce Lee
"The first duty of a man is to think for himself."
- Jose Marti
"If you make people think they're thinking, they''l love you; but if you really make them think, they'll hate you."
- Harlan Ellison
"The consciousness of self is the greatest hindrance to performance in physical activities"
-- Bruce Lee
"When you are totally defeated you begin again to enjoy the small things around you.' Voytek later explained. 'Just going again to the mountains, not for victory or glory, but to enjoy nature or to enjoy fine people. If you always succeed you enjoy the admiration of many people. Being defeated means being limited to the basic existential choices of life. If you can enjoy the quiet evening hours it is beautiful; a hero who always succeeds may not have time to enjoy such things."
-- Wojtek Kurtyka, Polish high-altitude climber
from Climbing magazine, 8-9/89,
"Between the Hammer and the Anvil"
"There could be no honor in a sure success, but much might be wrested from a sure defeat."
-- TE Lawrence, "Revolt in the Desert" ch 19
"Authority never matches responsibility. That's one of the great myths and delusions of all times. Winning managers and individual performers at all levels know that effectiveness means building your own network and creating your own authority. Those who succeed always reach far beyond formal deputation, take initiatives, and take the heat when things go awry. That's true in the military in times of war, true for 200 person manufacturing firms, and true at giant automakers or software companies."
-- Tom Peters
"Not the wretchedest man or woman but has a deep secretive mythology with which to wrestle with the material world and to overcome it and pass beyond it. Not the wretchedest human being but has his share in the creative energy that builds the world. We are all creators. We all create a mythological world of our own out of certain shapeless materials."
-- John Cowper Powys
"I am putting myself to the fullest possible use, which is all I can think that any conscious entity can ever hope to do."
-- HAL from "2001: A Space Odyssey"
Dave Bowman: Open the pod bay doors, HAL.
HAL: I'm sorry Dave, I'm afraid I can't do that.
-- HAL from "2001: A Space Odyssey"
"Programming is like sex: one mistake and you have to support it for the rest of your life."
-- Michael Sinz
"We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act but a habit."
-- Aristotle
"The whole is more than the sum of its parts."
-- Aristotle (Metaphysica 330 BC)
"In politics if you want anything said, ask a man. If you want anything done, ask a woman."
-- Margaret Thatcher
"If you have to ask what jazz is, you'll never know."
-- Louis Armstrong
"Soon the child's clear eye is clouded over by ideas and opinions, preconceptions and abstractions. Simple free being becomes encrusted with the burdensome armor of the ego. Not until years later does an instict come that a vital sense of mystery has been withdrawn. The sun glints through the pines, and the heart is pierced in a moment of beauty and strange pain, like a memory of paradise. After that day... we become seekers."
-- Peter Matthiessen
"The world is changed by your example, not by your opinion."
-- Paulo Coelho de Souza
"You know that I write slowly. This is chiefly because I am never satisfied until I have said as much as possible in a few words, and writing briefly takes far more time than writing at length."
-- Gauss
"Theory attracts practice as the magnet attracts iron."
-- attrib. Gauss
"I recognize the lion by his paw."
-- Jacob Bernoulli recognizing an anonymous solution by Isaac Newton
"If you can't solve a problem, then there is an easier problem you can't solve: find it."
-- Pólya
"This sentence no verb"
-- Douglas Hofsteader
"I have a mind like a steel... uh... thingy."
-- Patrick Logan's weblog
"Hofsteader's law: It always takes longer than you expect, even when you take Hofsteader's Law into account."
-- Douglas Hofsteader
"If Jesus comes out of his tomb on Easter and sees his shadow, do we have six more weeks of Lent?"
-- anon
"Television is about watching a life instead of having one."
-- Beth Mazur
"Not everyone can be a hero, someone has to sit on the sidewalk and clap as they go by"
-- Will Rogers
"I don't make jokes - I just watch the government and report the facts."
-- Will Rogers
"You know everybody is ignorant, only on different subjects."
-- Will Rogers
"Suffering is inevitable. Misery is a choice."
-- anon
"Men always fear things which move by themselves."
-- The Ghola (Dune Messiah by Frank Herbert)
"Nothing is so eternally adhesive as the memory of power."
-- Isaac Asimov
"A man without a woman is like a kite without the wind."
-- Robert Heckendorn
"The flesh surrenders itself. Eternity takes back its own. Our bodies stirred these waters briefly, danced with a certain intoxication before the love of life and self, delt with a few strange ideas, then submitted to the instruments of time. What can we say of this? I occurred. I am not. Yet I occurred."
-- Maud 'Dib (Dune Messiah by Frank Herbert)
"He speaks of death because that's necessary, Stil. It's a tension by which the living know they're alive."
-- Ghanima (Children of Dune by Frank Herbert)
"Balance is what distinguishs a people from a mob."
-- Maud 'Dib (Dune Trilogy by Frank Herbert)
"The joy of living, its beauty, is all bound up in the fact that life can surprise you."
-- Leto Atrides (Dune Trilogy by Frank Herbert)
"Most deadly errors occur from obsolete assumptions."
-- Bene Gesserit saying (Dune Trilogy by Frank Herbert)
"I have often been downcast, but never in despair; I regard our hiding as a dangerous adventure, romantic and interesting at the same time. In my diary I treat all the privations as amusing. I have made up my mind now to lead a different life from other girls and, later on, different from ordinary housewives. My start has been so very full of interest, and that is the sole reason why I have to laugh at the humorous side of the most dangerous moments."
-- Anne Frank
"The life of man is but a succession of vain hopes and groundless fears."
-- Montequieu
"Communism is just one big telephone company."
-- Lenny Bruce
"Often, the most significant feature of good work is that it has kept something bad from happening to the company. How can we measure bad things that do not happen?"
-- Robert M. Tomasko
"I don't know the key to success, but the key to failure is trying to please everybody."
-- Bill Cosby
"Nothing in the world is so powerful as an idea whose time has come."
-- Victor Hugo
"Be like the bird that, passing on her flight awhile on boughs too slight, feels them give way beneath her, and yet sings, knowing that she hath wings."
-- Victor Hugo
"The cost of living is dying."
-- Seen on a T-shirt
"There is a thin line between courage and foolishness"
-- Robert Heckendorn
"A chicken is just one egg's way of making another egg."
-- anon
"A messy office is a happy office. This office is delerious."
-- anon
"There is only one true beast in the bull ring, the crowd."
-- anon
"He who truly knows has no occasion to shout.
-- Leonard Da Vinci
"Nothing strengthens authority so much as silence"
-- Leonard Da Vinci
"In rivers, the water that you touch is the last of what has passed and the first of that which comes; so with present time."
-- Leonard Da Vinci
"Some people think the glass is half full. Others think it is half empty. I think the glass is too big."
-- George Carlin
"Trying to be happy by accumulating possessions is like trying to satisfy hunger by taping sandwiches all over your body."
-- George Carlin
"I keep six honest seving men
(They taught me all I knew);
Their names are What and Why and When
And How and Where and Who."
-- "The Elephants Child", Rudyard Kipling [1865-1904]
"Every time I see an adult on a bicycle, I no longer despair for the future of the human race."
-- H.G. Wells
"Bicycling is a big part of the future...it has to be....there is something wrong with a society that drives a car to work out at a gym."
-- Bill Nye, the Science Guy
"To come to a place with preconceived notions and expectations of what you will get from it, is a very dangerous thing. Because you might actually succeed in accomplishing exactly what you came there to find. And in this so-called success you may not even know that you can fail utterly to discover far greater rewards that you might find otherwise. By this I don t just mean discovery of things about the place that you did not know were there, but rather discovery of things in, and about, yourself that you did not know you were capable of feeling and that can transform and elevate your life in ways you never knew possible."
-- Guy Tal, photographer
"The rock is the great equalizer and the great liberator, the great reminder, the great setter of priorities, and the great debunker of illusions, dissonance, and delusions of grandeur."
-- Guy Tal, photographer
"A place is not a place is not a place. Places assume meanings as we interact with them; as we accumulate experiences and memories in them; as we gain knowledge about them; as we evolve relationships with them; as we become familiar with them and comfortable in them. There is a world of difference between a place as partner in a lasting relationship, and a place considered as just a photographic subject. The latter does not interest me much. I have long found that my work is most meaningful to me as an expression of my life and my relationships with the world. Without such relationships, aesthetics alone, while enjoyable to view at times, do not move me to create. In creating I need more than just beauty; I need a story a good one and I need to be a character in that story. And my story unfolds here."
-- Guy Tal, photographer
"To ride a bicycle is in itself some protection against superstitious fears, since the bicycle is the product of pure reason applied to motion. Geometry at the service of man! Give me two spheres and a straight line and I will show you how far I can take them. Voltaire himself might have invented the bicycle, since it contributes so much to man's welfare and nothing at all to his bane. Beneficial to the health, it emits no harmful fumes and emits only the most decorous speeds. How can a bicycle ever be an implement of harm?"
-- Angela Carter
"There is beauty in silence and there is silence in beauty and you can find both in a bicycle!"
-- Mehmet Murat Ildan
"Bicycle means simplicity and simplicity means happiness!"
-- Mehmet Murat Ildan
"Life is like a bicycle. To keep your balance you have to keep moving."
-- Albert Einstein
"When I go biking, I repeat a mantra of the day's sensations: bright sun, blue sky, warm breeze, blue jay's call, ice melting and so on. This helps me transcend the traffic, ignore the clamorings of work, leave all the mind theaters behind and focus on nature instead. I still must abide by the rules of the road, of biking, of gravity. But I am mentally far away from civilization. The world is breaking someone else's heart."
-- Diane Ackerman
"A bicycle does get you there and more.... And there is always the thin edge of danger to keep you alert and comfortably apprehensive. Dogs become dogs again and snap at your raincoat; potholes become personal. And getting there is all the fun."
--Bill Emerson, "On Bicycling," Saturday Evening Post, 1967 July 29th
"It is curious that with the advent of the automobile and the airplane, the bicycle is still with us. Perhaps people like the world they can see from a bike, or the air they breathe when they're out on a bike. Or they like the bicycle's simplicity and the precision with which it is made. Or because they like the feeling of being able to hurtle through air one minute, and saunter through a park the next, without leaving behind clouds of choking exhaust, without leaving behind so much as a footstep."
-- Gurdon S. Leete
"Bicycling is the nearest approximation I know to the flight of birds. The airplane simply carries a man on its back like an obedient Pegasus; it gives him no wings of his own. "
--Louis J. Helle, Jr., Spring in Washington
"When the spirits are low, when the day appears dark, when work becomes monotonous, when hope hardly seems worth having, just mount a bicycle and go out for a spin down the road, without thought on anything but the ride you are taking."
-- Arhur Conan Doyle
"... she will never know what it feels like to pump first over the crest of the hill with the others strung out behind her like the beads sliding off a broken necklace."
-- anon (about bicycle racing)
"Klaatu barada nikto!"
-- From the movie "The Day the Earth Stood Still"
"If you ever get a second chance in life for something, go all the way."
-- Lance Armstrong who won the Tour de France after fighting cancer
"Beyond 100,000 lines of code, you should probably be coding in Ada."
-- P.J. Plauger
"I have recently been examining all the known superstitions of the world, and do not find in our particular superstition (Christianity) one redeeming feature. They are all alike founded on fables and mythology."
-- Thomas Jefferson
"God, who gave us life, gave us liberty. Can the liberties of a nation be secure when we have removed a conviction that these liberties are the gift of God?"
-- Thomas Jefferson
"I distrust those people who know so well what God wants them to do, because I notice it always coincides with their own desires."
-- Susan B. Anthony
"Sir, what you had there ...(cough)... was what we refer to as a focused, non-terminal, repeating phantasm, or a class 5 full roaming vapor .... real nasty one, too!"
-- Ray Stantz (From the movie Ghost Busters)
"For those who like this sort of thing, this is the sort of thing they like"
-- Abraham Lincoln
"We can complain because rose bushes have thorns, or rejoice because thorn bushes have roses"
-- Abraham Lincoln
"As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master. This expresses my idea of democracy. Whatever differs from this, to the extent of the difference, is no democracy."
-- Abraham Lincoln
"A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half-slave and half-free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved - I do not expect the house to fall - but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other."
-- Abraham Lincoln
"There is no grievance that is a fit object of redress by mob law."
-- Abraham Lincoln
"It is the eternal struggle between two principles, right and wrong, throughout the world. It is the same spirit that says 'you toil and work and earn bread, and I'll eat it.' No matter in what shape it comes, whether from the mouth of a king who seeks to bestride the people of his own nation, and live by the fruit of their labor, or from one race of men as an apology for enslaving another race, it is the same tyrannical principle."
-- Abraham Lincoln
"Fellow citizens, we cannot escape history. We of this congress and this administration will be remembered in spite of ourselves. No personal significance or insignificance can spare one or another of us. The fiery trial through which we pass will light us down in honor or dishonor to the latest generation. We, even we here, hold the power and bear the responsibility."
-- Abraham Lincoln
"The dogmas of the quiet past are inadequate to the stormy present. The occasion is piled high with difficulty, and we must rise with the occasion. As our case is new, so we must think anew, and act anew. We must disenthrall ourselves, and then we shall save our country."
-- Abraham Lincoln
"You're not a statesman! A statesman is a dead politician. Lord knows we need more statesmen!"
-- Milo Bloom, Bloom County
"Politicians like to see cranes on the horizon."
-- Kevin Stanley of the proposed new tallest building in the world, the Grollo Tower.
"Good tea. Nice house."
-- Lt. Worf
Guinan: "It's an Earth drink. Prune juice."
Worf: "Warrior's drink!"
--Star Trek: The Next Generation, "Yesterday's Enterprise"
"Darmok and Jalad at Tanagra"
"Shaka, when the walls fell."
"Sokath! His eyes open!"
"Mirab, his sails unfurled!"
"Temba his arms open."
"Temba at rest."
--Star Trek: The Next Generation, metaphors from "Darmok" episode
"A syndicate makes sense to me. I'm a peaceful man at heart, but I'm sick and tired of all these hits. I hit Krako, Krako hits Teppo, Teppo hits me. There's too many bosses! We can't get anything done. I was thinking--if there was just one--maybe somebody like you as the top boss--then we could get things done!"
--Bela Oxmyx from the Star Trek episode "A Piece of the Action"
"A question. Since before your sun burned hot in space, and before your race was born, I have awaited ... a question."
- The Guardian of Forever from Star Trek
Rocket Raccoon: [about Drax] His people are completely literal. Metaphors go over his head. Drax the Destroyer: Nothing goes over my head...! My reflexes are too fast. I would chatch it.
- Guardians of the Galaxy
"The only matter I do not take seriously, boy, is you. Your politics bore me. Your demeanor is that of a pouty child. And apparently, you alienated my favorite daughter, Gamora. I shall honor our agreement, Kree, if you bring me the Orb. But return to me again empty handed... And I will bathe the starways in your blood."
- Thanos to Ronan the Accuser, Guardians of the Galaxy
"Always listen to experts. They'll tell you what can't be done, and why. Then do it."
-- Lazarus Long
"In the beginner's mind there are many possibilities, but in the expert's there are few."
-- Shunryu Suzuki
"If one really wishes to be master of an art, technical knowledge of it is not enough. One has to transcend technique so that the art becomes an 'artless art' growing out of the Unconscious."
-- D. T. Suzuki in a forward to "Zen in the Art of Archery"
Rollo Lee: Now there are your meerkats, correct? (pointing)
Lauderbee: Don't do that please sir, please! They go straight for the throat!
Rollo Lee: Now this new plack of yours, Lauderbee, says that they are the piranha of the dessert. Is that right?
Lauderbee: They can strip a human carcass in 3 minutes, sir.
Rollo Lee: My encyclopedia says they are easily tamed and are often kepts as pets.
Lauderbee: Noooo, you've not been attacked by one, sir.
Rollo Lee: Nobody's been attacked by one...or if they have they've never noticed.
-- from the movie Fierce Creatures
"I think ordinary people in this country are sick and tried of being told that ordinary people in this country are sick and tired. I'm certainly not, and I'm sick and tired of being told that I am!"
-- Monty Python
"And there shall in that time be rumours of things going astray, and there will be a great confusion as to where things really are, and nobody will really know where lieth those little things with the sort of raffia work base, that has an attachment they will not be there... At this time a friend shall lose his friends's hammer and the young shall not know where lieth the things possessed by their fathers that their fathers put there only just the night before ..."
-- Monty Python's Life of Brian
Man 1: "... I think it was "Blessed are the cheesemakers".
Woman: "What's so special about the cheesemakers?
Man 2: "Well, obviously it's not meant to be taken literally. It refers to any manufacturer of dairy products."
-- Monty Python's Life of Brian
Just remember that you're standing on a planet that's evolving
And revolving at nine hundred miles an hour,
That's orbiting at nineteen miles a second, so it's reckoned,
A sun that is the source of all our power.
The sun and you and me and all the stars that we can see
Are moving at a million miles a day
In an outer spiral arm, at forty thousand miles an hour,
Of the galaxy we call the 'Milky Way'.
Our galaxy itself contains a hundred billion stars.
It's a hundred thousand light years side to side.
It bulges in the middle, sixteen thousand light years thick,
But out by us, it's just three thousand light years wide.
We're thirty thousand light years from galactic central point.
We go 'round every two hundred million years,
And our galaxy is only one of millions of billions
In this amazing and expanding universe.
The universe itself keeps on expanding and expanding
In all of the directions it can whizz
As fast as it can go, at the speed of light, you know,
Twelve million miles a minute, and that's the fastest speed there is.
So remember, when you're feeling very small and insecure,
How amazingly unlikely is your birth,
And pray that there's intelligent life somewhere up in space.
'Cause there's bugger all down here on Earth.
-- Monty Python, From "The Meaning of Life", sung by Eric Eidel
Chapman: *I* don't know - Mr Wentworth just told me to come in here
|
|||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
3
| 95
|
https://www.murrayewing.co.uk/mewsings/2016/08/27/the-demolished-man-by-alfred-bester/
|
en
|
Murray Ewing.co.uk — Mewsings — The Demolished Man by Alfred Bester
|
[
"https://www.murrayewing.co.uk/mewsings/wp-content/themes/mewsings2/interface/bigcat.gif",
"https://www.murrayewing.co.uk/mewsings/wp-content/themes/mewsings2/interface/ko-fi.png",
"https://www.murrayewing.co.uk/mewsings/wp-content/themes/mewsings2/ads/TFR.jpg",
"https://www.murrayewing.co.uk/mewsings/wp-content/themes/mewsings2/ads/Alice_mini_banner-2.gif",
"https://www.murrayewing.co.uk/mewsings/wp-content/themes/mewsings2/ads/Spacewreck.jpg",
"https://www.murrayewing.co.uk/mewsings/wp-content/themes/mewsings2/ads/warfilmspodcast.jpg",
"https://www.murrayewing.co.uk/mewsings/wp-content/themes/mewsings2/ads/orchidbutton/2.gif",
"https://www.murrayewing.co.uk/mewsings/wp-content/themes/mewsings2/interface/mewsings_title.gif",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.murrayewing.co.uk/mewsings/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/The-Demolished-Man-Adrian-Chesterman.jpg?resize=183%2C300&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.murrayewing.co.uk/mewsings/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Bester_Demlished.jpg?resize=179%2C300&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.murrayewing.co.uk/mewsings/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/The_Demolished_Man_first_edition.jpg?resize=201%2C300&ssl=1",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/35a7508ed77afec0286ecf96fec9128a?s=34&d=mm&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e8423a350d071bfc795d3864b25978aa?s=34&d=mm&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/35a7508ed77afec0286ecf96fec9128a?s=34&d=mm&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e8423a350d071bfc795d3864b25978aa?s=34&d=mm&r=g",
"https://www.murrayewing.co.uk/mewsings/wp-content/themes/mewsings2/interface/ko-fi.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2016-08-27T00:00:00
|
en
| null |
It’s 2301 A.D., and thanks to telepathic ‘peeper’ police, there hasn’t been a successful premeditated murder in seventy-nine years. Ben Reich, head of Monarch Industries, thinks the only way he can rid himself of nightmares in which he’s haunted by the ‘Man with No Face’ is by either merging with or taking over his only serious corporate rival, the D’Courtney Cartel. But when he decodes the ciphered reply to his offer of a merger and reads it as ‘refused’, his thoughts turn dangerously to his only remaining option: murder.
Published in 1953, The Demolished Man is a big-ideas book, fast-paced and full of invention, both in the small details (like Bester’s writing certain character names as @tkins, Duffy Wig&, and Jo ¼maine, or in his textual representations of interweaving telepathic conversations) and in the large (such as how you go about committing a murder in a world where even to contemplate the act is telegraphed to every ESPer you pass). Essentially a police-procedural, whose plot is divided equally between mega-personality Ben Reich’s grand and impossible murder plans, and head of the Police Psychotic Division Lincoln Powell’s efforts to nail him, it’s also a sort of on-the-verge-of-Utopia novel.
This is because The Demolished Man, as a book, believes in the dreams of psychoanalysis. Its peeper telepaths are, in a sense, future psychoanalysts, gifted with the ability to look beneath the workings of the persona, to layers with which the subject themselves might not be in conscious contact. And those layers — that structure of the subsurface mind — is, in Bester’s future, almost textbook Freudian.
For instance, the murder victim’s daughter, Barbara D’Courtney, is the perfect model of the psychoanalytic idea of trauma. Having witnessed the killing of her father, she goes insane, and relives (even reenacts) the originating episode whenever she’s triggered by the word ‘help’. To cure her, instead of lying her on a couch and asking her to recall her childhood, she’s mentally regressed to her childhood, and then rebuilt into sane adulthood from the ground up. (During which we get a firsthand peeper glimpse of the terrible power of the id: ‘the timeless reservoir of psychic energy, reasonless, remorseless, seething with the never-ending search for satisfaction.’ This was also the decade that gave us Forbidden Planet’s ‘monster from the Id’.) Most Freudian of all, as part of this rebuilding she mentally adopts peeper policeman Powell as her new father, and, true to Freudian prescription, falls in love with him. But, as he’s not really her father, and as she’s not really a child but a grown woman, this is a falling-in-love-with-the-father that has a happy ending — a science fictional Freudian fulfilment.
Ben Reich (whose surname and company name both point to delusions of over-control) is, by contrast, a monster of the Ego, who in his ecstasy of victory shouts: ‘Want to look at God? Here I am!’ But this is moments before his final, devastating confrontation with the one enemy who has the power to destroy him, the ‘Man with No Face’. And who is the ‘Man with No Face’? The ego’s own, personally-tailored, perfectly-fit nemesis, the unconscious — undefeatable, because inseparable. (In response to Reich’s cry of ‘I don’t understand. I can’t understand’, the Man with No Face says: ‘My part of us understands, Ben. You could understand too if you hadn’t driven me from you.’)
The one part of the Freudian model where Bester’s future differs is in its replacement of the purely sexual libido with a more simplified ‘Life instinct’:
‘Every man is a balance of two opposed drives… The Life Instinct and the Death Instinct. Both drives have the identical purpose… to win Nirvana. The Life Instinct fights for Nirvana by smashing all opposition. The Death Instinct attempts to win Nirvana by destroying itself. Usually both instincts fuse in the adapted individual.’
Bester’s future hasn’t got the sexual hangups of Freud’s day — certainly not among the decadent rich and powerful whose company we’re mostly in, anyway — and Reich’s life-drive is far more Nietzschean than Freudian, with its urge to transcend conventional morality, ‘the make-believe rules some frightened little man wrote for the rest of the frightened little men’. (Powell at one point calls him ‘the deadly enemy of Galactic reason and reality’, implying there’s something blasphemous about his overweening lust for dominance.) Though, it has to be admitted, the terms Reich himself uses might make a Freudian stroke his beard knowingly:
‘My God! It’s lucky for the world I’m willing to stop at one murder. Together we could rape the universe.’
There’s something distinctly Jacobean about Reich, the way he strides the centre stage of Bester’s future like Marlowe’s Tamberlaine or Shakespeare’s Macbeth, chewing the scenery and breaking the props in search of some pure expression of his grand, monstrously human living essence. Despite the fact that policeman Powell is the ultimate victor — and the voice of safety, sanity, and reason — it’s Reich who’s king of this novel, and whose unnerving energy, and constant edge-of-the-moment invention drive the story, and threaten to take over its world:
‘He was one of those rare World-Shakers whose compulsions might have torn down our society and irrevocably committed us to his own psychotic pattern.’
Bester’s road to utopia lies not through technology, but through understanding the human soul, dark reaches and all:
‘Be grateful you’re not a peeper, sir. Be grateful that you only see the outward man. Be grateful that you never see the passions, the hatreds, the jealousies, the malice, the sickness… Be grateful you rarely see the frightening truth in people. The world will be a wonderful place when everyone’s a peeper and everyone’s adjusted…’
And it’s by throwing light into those dark, monstrous reaches that utopia will be gained:
‘You must learn how it is. You must tear the barriers down. You must tear the veils away. We see the truth you cannot see… That there is nothing in man but love and faith, courage and kindness, generosity and sacrifice. All else is only the barrier of your blindness. One day we’ll all be mind to mind and heart to heart…’
Yeah, baby — ‘we can make it if we’re heart to heart’.
The way to read this sort of old SF is to bask in the big ideas, not ask if it’s realistic, or even possible. Give yourself to the grandiloquence, the bluster, the wonder, the rush of invention — and to the sheer level of belief in utopias. That’s what this sort of SF is all about.
|
|||||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
0
| 4
|
https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/category/rollo-in-history/
|
en
|
Rollo in history
|
[
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/rollo-and-poppa-to-desenlis-e1452537458155.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/poppa-of-normandy.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/simon-de-senlis.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/simon-desenlis.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/simon-1st-de-liz-church-of-the-holy-sepulchre.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/holy-sepulchre-1.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/holy_sepulchre_cambridge-2.jpg?w=714&h=954",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/northampton-holy-sepulchre.jpg?w=714&h=536",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/800px-northampton_castle_bastion.jpg?w=714&h=486",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/800px-postern_gate_of_northampton_castle_2013.jpg?w=697&h=1024",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/northampton_castle_postern.jpg?w=714&h=765",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ruins-senlis-france-2.jpg?w=714&h=476",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/senlis_ndame1_tango7174.jpg?w=714&h=674",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/senlis2.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/stock-photo-ruins-of-royal-castle-in-senlis-castle-was-place-of-election-of-hugh-capet-in-completely-117771205.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/map-of-ancient-france.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/france.png?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/picardie_adm.png?w=714&h=588",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/senlis-on-map-with-rouen-and-paris.jpg?w=714&h=324",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/rolands-role-in-the-story.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/gisla-has-trouble-tearing-herself-away-from-the-scene-even-as-this-man-roland-urges-her-to-leave.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/and-here-again-we-have-a-long-pause-on-roland.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/odo-and-roland-visit-the-camp-to-find-out-why-they-have-not-left-yet.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/roland-a-man-to-keep-an-eye-on-in-the-future.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/rolands-story.jpg?w=714&h=389",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/800px-germania_70_svg.png?w=714&h=573",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/bund-ro-altburg.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/map_gallia_tribes_towns.png?w=714&h=725",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/800px-titelberg_01.jpg?w=714&h=536",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/800px-titelberg003.jpg?w=714&h=536",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/800px-titelberg018.jpg?w=714&h=536",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/450850501_81dffdc34e_z.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/kapitel1_01.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/kapitel3_05.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/constitine-basilica.jpg?w=714&h=501",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/trier_-_rekonstruktion_der_palastaula.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/trier_baslica_int1.jpg?w=714&h=816",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/03-23-trier-cathedral-ceiling.jpg?w=714&h=446",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/03-23-trier-cathedral-interior.jpg?w=714&h=484",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/2661-trier-roman-amphitheatre-26.jpg?w=714&h=476",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/old-roman-baths-in-trier.png?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/800px-p1070865_louvre_tc3aate_de_fausta_ma4881_rwk.jpg?w=714&h=932",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/caputshelenae_0578a.jpg?w=714&h=970",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/lucas_cranach_the_elder_-_saint_helena_with_the_cross_-_google_art_project.jpg?w=714&h=1079",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/800px-helena_tomb.jpg?w=714&h=952",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/map-with-treves-marked.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/881-vikings-set-sights-on-treves.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/braunhogenberg_trier_1572.jpg?w=714&h=253",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/trier-cathedral.jpg?w=714&h=481",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/town-crier-announces-royal-birth.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/family-dinner-in-wessex-ecberts-somewhat-rude-and-condescending-comments-a-toast-to-my-son.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/as-judith-faces-her-torture-ecbert-finally-steps-in.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/rollo-salud-by-aftermath-crew.jpg?w=714&h=701",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/portrait-of-rollo21.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/what-will-the-future-hold-for-rollo.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/sophia-of-hanover.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/seer-as-counselor-what-do-you-think1.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/gisla-is-still-a-young-girl-wanting-her-own-way.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/sintric-he-fights-like-a-crazed-bear.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/gisla-watching-the-battle-sees-rollo-fighting.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/gisla-watching-rollo-intently.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/rollos-first-sight-of-gisla.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/rollo-makes-the-mistake-glancing-up-from-his-battel-to-see-gisla-watching-him.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/sigfrid-listens-as-sintric-tries-to-talk-his-way-out-of-this-mess-for-them.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/sigfrid-has-the-last-laugh.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/gisla-is-not-amused.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/odo-this-man-sintric-will-be-of-use-to-us-gisla-and-this-earl.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/rollo-is-not-about-to-let-some-machine-stop-him-this-time.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/rollo-conquering-the-machine.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/rollos-fuck-you-moment-i-said-i-was-going-to-get-in-and-i-meant-it.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/odo-waits-for-charles-to-come-up-with-any-form-of-intelligent-decision.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/while-odo-questions-charles-is-thinking-on-something-else.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/king-charles-has-his-own-secret-plan.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/gisla-you-will-bring-me-his-head.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/gisla-is-not-impressed-with-her-fathers-thought-that-sintric-might-be-of-any-help.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/gisla-otherwise-we-will-have-failed.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/rollo-dressed-up.jpg?w=714&h=476",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/paris-in-the-distance.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/the-walls-of-paris.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/seer-as-counselor-what-do-you-think1.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/rollo-and-the-seer-i-paid-you-good-spit-for-that-advice.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/porunn-tries-to-give-her-baby-to-aslaug.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/please-take-my-baby-i-can-not-care-for-her-aslaugs-reply-of-course-you-can.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/aslaug-and-her-cauldron2.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/aslaug-and-her-cauldron.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/bjorn-i-love-my-wife.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/bjorn-and-torvi.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/bjorn-i-took-advantage-of-you.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/when-bjorn-tries-to-make-ammends-for-previous-behavior-torvis-comment-it-does-not-matter-i-am-not-with-child-neither-am-i-a-child.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/torvis-response-so-did-i-we-used-each-other.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/torvi-can-smile-at-bjorn-and-admit-her-complicity-in-the-act.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/bjorn-and-torvi-are-able-to-have-a-serious-adult-conversation-and-laugh-about-it.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/bjorn-gives-torvi-a-gift-of-a-brooch.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/torvi-reacts-to-erlandeur-no-youre-hurting-me.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/torvis-brooch-is-gone-and-her-hand-is-sliced.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/no-tears-from-torvi-she-is-resolute-she-is-viking.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/forever-quee.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/rollo-strikes-the-blow.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/rollo-does-not-trust-knut-and-confronts-him.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/rollo-always-the-warrior.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/rollo-has-slipped-away-from-reason-or-reality.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/rollo-in-battle-2.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/the-mention-of-ragnar-sends-rollo-into-a-rage.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/another-bite-of-the-shroom-and-sure-no-problem-ill-get-the-head.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/passing-the-shrooms.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/rollo-is-a-good-host-he-shares-his-shrooms.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/rollos-solution-marry-both-of-them-take-one-as-wife-the-other-as-concubine-that-will-settle-the-matter.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/rollo-is-not-happy-either.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/rollo-in-thought.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/rollo-in-fur.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/you-must-tell-him-that-you-will-not-abandon-your-people-you-will-stay-with-them-be-with-them-protect-them.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/gisla-i-did-not-want-to-be-sent-away-i-wanted-to-stay-here-with-you-with-our-people.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/gisla-is-the-strength-behind-this-crown.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/gisla-you-must-tell-odo-that-you-will-not-leave-your-people.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/if-you-save-paris-i-will-forever-be-in-your-debt.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/charles-i-will-not-go-to-my-brothers-for-help-in-this-i-will-prove-i-am-worthy-of-my-grandfather-charlamaigne.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/paris-at-night21.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/paris-in-the-distance1.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/wessex.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/arriving-in-wessex1.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/great-hall-of-paris.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/great-hall-of-wessex.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/daughter-gisla-arrives-to-give-her-advice.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/do-not-forget-who-is-in-charge-here.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/gisla-i-did-not-want-to-be-sent-away-i-wanted-to-stay-here-with-you-with-our-people.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/just-a-hint-here-kwentirith-when-everyone-throws-empty-cups-at-you-you-may-have-a-few-friend-problems2.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/kwentirith-unleashing-her-savagery-on-uncle-britwulfs-head.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/kwentirith-enjoys-the-snack-and-rollo-thinks-to-enjoy-his-own-snack.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/the-princess-will-crown-the-bear.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/portrait-of-rollo21.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/portrait-of-rollo-by-ines-at-vikings-aftermath1.jpg?w=714&h=496",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/you-may-rely-upon-me-to-do-everything-possible-to-persuade-our-people-to-hold-firm-and-remain-calm.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/in-paris-they-invoke-their-god-for-protection-and-victory.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/death-masks.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/citizens-of-paris-filled-with-fear-and-with-awe1.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/princess-gisla-uses-all-of-the-trappings-and-rituals-of-the-church-to-inspire-her-people.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/prayer-of-the-dead.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/which-gods-will-win.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/viking-prayer-for-victory.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/the-future-begins-here.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/sword-of-kings.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/rollo-and-the-seer-i-paid-you-good-spit-for-that-advice.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ragnar-seeks-advice-and-recieves-a-criptic-answer-that-does-not-bode-well-for-his-future.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/not-living-but-the-dead-will-conquer-paris.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/i-tell-you-as-i-told-ragnar-the-bear-will-marry-a-princess-and-you-will-be-there-in-attendance-to-see-it.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/i-don-lie-but-sometimes-i-with-hold-things-for-human-beings-can-not-bear-to-much-of-reality.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/bjorn.jpg?w=714&h=702",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/bjorn-ironsides-grave-site-at-munso.jpg?w=714&h=536",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/porruns-face-in-the-mirror.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/porunn-how-can-you-help-me-no-one-can-help-me.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/porunn-i-dont-want-help.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/this-is-the-sword-of-kings-one-day-if-the-gods-will-it-this-will-belong-to-you.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/the-sword-of-kings-in-bjorns-hand.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/bjorns-destiny.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/jarl-borg-and-his-wives-at-home.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/jarl-borg-caressing-his-wifes-skull.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/jarl-borg-and-his-second-wife-this-is-a-disgusting-place-i-want-to-leave-here.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/you-may-recall-the-fate-of-ragnars-enemy-yarl-borg.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/we-are-natural-allies-against-the-lothbroks-and-all-their-kith-and-kin.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/meet-my-wife-torvi.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/jarl-borgs-heir-apparant.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ahhh-look-he-is-the-image-of-the-great-jarl-borg.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/seer-as-counselor-what-do-you-think1.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/kalf-ready-to-raid.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ragnar-greets-kalf.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/torvi-not-helga.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/xkalf-brings-erlendur-along-vikings-s3e6_jpg_pagespeed_ic_-ckb7sgodacsjbpdy55r.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/you-betrayed-me-and-you-planned-a-long-time-to-do-it.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/that-is-between-you-and-my-ex-wife-and-i-wish-you-good-luck-on-that-one.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/you-desired-me-what-am-i-suppose-to-do-with-that.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/what-do-you-want-to-do-with-it.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ragnar-inspires-even-the-youngest.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/a-look-of-shared-grief-from-both-women1.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/the-women-leave-together1.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/rollos-new-hair-do1.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ragnar-greets-kalf.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/mrs-graham-and-tea-leaves2.jpg?w=714&h=614",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/tea-leaf-reading2.jpg?w=714&h=354",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/gypsy_rose_lee_nywts_1.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/gypsy-rose-lee-photo.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/i-am-the-chosen-king.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/harold-godwinnson.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/sweyn_forkbeard.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/swen_widlobrody_ubt.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/sigurd-snake-in-the-eye.png?w=714&h=509",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/ragnar-and-aslaug1.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/ragnar-and-aslaug4.jpg?w=714&h=370",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/vikings2_09-final.jpg?w=714&h=402",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/aslaug-and-her-father-the-king.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/painting-of-aslaug-the-legend.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/william-the-conqueror2.jpg?w=714&h=842",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/rollo_statue_in_falaise.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/lothaire_bluteau_head_2.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/morgane-polanski.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/rollocharles.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/rollo-vikings-tv-series-34231469-1000-561.jpg?w=714&h=401",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/rollo-portrait.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/old-ways-of-yule.jpg?w=714&h=371",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/denmark_vikings_3.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/lindholm2.jpg?w=714",
"https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/vikings_gallery8_3-p.jpg?w=714&h=371",
"https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/f87faeb1aa7b266a2260849654e228bc?s=320",
"https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a597461dac4a684567f448d5c0fbd604ba7904fa203e30c0fc969f2ee5479ca4?s=48&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/45d9818c7227feb9e5d69f3cdcf4c459c0fab0fef52fd1eb763478ef58f7c13a?s=48&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/c10997c8aca8cbf5ae9b2e0427c8f6d1efa6cb2cb9673698167c96cf404f97d1?s=48&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/43f9ef9647924bef4d74037616f852fcc762345ff1b31528e22dc0e8b6249524?s=48&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/5fc0d69bbaad7a029dc83980ce86de95e7bd73045da34b98054f8095681d86a9?s=48&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=752698874816483&set=gm.1560729127508439&type=1&theater",
"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=752698874816483&set=gm.1560729127508439&type=1&theater",
"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=752698874816483&set=gm.1560729127508439&type=1&theater",
"https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png",
"https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Posts about Rollo in history written by judywork1957
|
en
|
https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico
|
Time Slips
|
https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/category/rollo-in-history/
|
This is somewhat of an update to my previous post on Rollo as my ancestor.
https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/2016/01/06/tracing-my-past-back-to-rollo/
This particular investigation and discussion pertains mainly to genealogy/ancestry and history of the real Rollo and his family. It has little or anything to do with Rollo’s character in the Vikings Saga other than to point out that Rollo did have loyal Viking followers and supporters as well as probably some Frankish ones as well. He may have cut his ties with family and could be considered a traitor in some ways but he did have men who backed him and would continue to back his family. This group of men and their families would remain loyal supporters all the way through to Rollo’s descendant, William the Conqueror. The descendants of these men would follow William to England. In return for their loyalty they would receive great wealth and land, and become leading English Nobility in those early days of William and his sons. Among these men were Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor to the families of Harcourt and Beaumont). I mentioned these men in my previous post and am returning to them now as I feel that one of them plays an important part in a mystery from another branch of my ancestors and also provides a clue or key to the mystery surrounding Rollo’s wife, Poppa of Bayeux. (For my personal thoughts on how the history might relate to Michael Hirst’s creative and imaginative version of events in the Vikings Saga, you can scroll all the way to the end to read more on that.)
That man would be Bernard DeSenlis, the one specifically mentioned as a companion of Rollo’s. After researching some of the DeSenlis ancestry and further investigation of Poppa’s possible genealogy, I personally believe that the Bernard DeSenlis mentioned as Rollo’s companion provides a link between those mentioned in Poppa’s genealogy and the DeSenlis family that shows up in my family ancestry. While there is no definitive proof or documentation, and the link seems to get broken or at least very twisted somewhere along the line, my personal thought is that the DeSenlis line probably goes back to Poppa’s connection. There often comes a point where you have to do your own research, weigh all of the evidence you have collected and make a choice as to what information you trust the most, what to you makes the most sense and then go with that line of reasoning. When you get to this point, you should also make it very clear to anyone else you are sharing the information with, that from this point on back you are basing your reasoning on suppositions and limited research. From this point on, you are making a hypothesis based on the limited evidence and resources available to you. Make it extremely clear that these are only your personal beliefs and thoughts. This is the case for me from this point back with the DeSenlis family and with family connections for Poppa. My purpose here is not to provide concrete verifiable evidence because as far as I know, there is none at this time. What we have are a lot of pieces of circumstantial evidence that when pieced together may provide a possible or plausible theory.
First, we need to look at the varying versions of Poppa’s existence and genealogy. The first version, the more widely accepted one is that she was the daughter of “Count Berengar”, the dominant prince of that region, who was captured at Bayeux by Rollo in 885 or 889. This has led to speculation that she was the daughter of Berengar II of Neustria.
It is speculated that her Father was Berengar II of Neustria. Berengar II (died 896) was the Count of Bayeux, Rennes and Margrave of the Breton March from 886 until his death a decade later. In 874, Brittany’s internal politics were thrown into turmoil when King Salomon was murdered by a rival. The resulting surge of Viking attacks made possible by the power vacuum was narrowly held at bay by a hasty Breton-Frankish alliance between Alan the Great of Vannes and Berengar of Rennes. Between 889-90, the Seine Vikings moved into Brittany, hard on the heels of the Loire fleet that Alan and Berengar had successfully driven out (this latter force had broken up into several small flotillas and sailed west). Alain again joined forces with Berengar of Rennes and led two Breton armies into the field. Finding their retreat down the Marne blocked, the Vikings hauled their ships overland to the Vire and besieged Saint-Lo, where the Bretons virtually annihilated the fleet. Berengar is speculated to have married the daughter of Gurvand, Duke of Brittany, by which relationship he attained the countship of Rennes. This would make him brother-in-law of Judicael, Duke of Brittany. He is thought to be the Berengar of Bayeux whose daughter Poppa was captured in a raid and married to Rollo of Normandy. Various reconstructions make him father, grandfather, or great-grandfather of Judicael Berengar, later Count of Rennes. As I’ve pointed out, this is the generally accepted version even though there is no definitive or verifiable proof. Because of that lack of proof, it may very well be possible that some alternate version holds just as much validity as this one.
The alternate version of her existence and genealogy is provided by Robert Sewell as follows in excerpts from his document provided at http://www.robertsewell.ca/poppa.html
The ancestry of Poppa, wife of Rolf the Ganger, 1st Duke of Normandy, seems to have two versions. It now appears that Poppa was a daughter of Gui, Count of Senlis and not a daughter of Count Berenger of Bayeux. This makes Poppa, through her mother, a great granddaughter of King Bernard of Italy (b. 797, d. 818; King of Italy 813 – 817) King Bernard was a grandson of Charlemagne.
For the entire document please use the above link. For our purposes, I am providing the portion of the document that links Poppa to the DeSenlis name or family.
Poppa, Wife of Ganger Rolf According to Dudon, William Longue Épeé of Normandy had as his ‘avunculus’ (maternal uncle) Count Bernard of Senlis, the friend and consellor of Hugh the Great. The Chronicon Rothomagense (Labbe Bibliotheca Manuscriptorum Nova, I, p. 365) ano 912 confirms this and stated that Rolf married the daughter of Count Gui de Senlis, so if Bernard were the son of Gui, he would be the ‘avunculus” of William. Dudon, however calls Poppa the daughter of Count Berenger, but Dudon is not highly trustworthy. The name Bernard belongs in the family of the Counts of Vermandois, descended from Bernard, King of Italy. A Count Bernard, probably Bernard de Senlis is called be Flodoard (Annales ano 923, p. 15) the ‘consobrinus’ (cousin germain by the female side) of Herbert II Count of Vermandois.
The Belgian érudit, J. Dhondt, in his “Études sur la Naissance de Principautés Territoriales au France pp. 119/120 n.) (Bruges 1948), suggests that Gui Count of Senlis married a sister of Herbert I Count of Vermandois (see p. 6 anti) and had issue Bernard Count of Senlis and probably Poppa, wife of Rolf.
Pepin de Peronne, son of Bernard, King of Italy
Died after 846
His children included:
Herbert I Count of Vermandois, died between 900 and 904. His son:
Herbert II Count of Vermandois, died in 943
a daughter who married Gui, Count of Senlis. Their children:
Bernard Count of Senlis, adherent of Hugh the Great
Poppa who married Rolf, Count of Rouen
What this alternative version does is directly tie the previously mentioned Bernard DeSenlis to Poppa as her brother. It would make sense then that as Poppa’s brother, he would possibly become an ally of Rollo or at least a supporter of Rollo’s children. It would also make sense that he would continue to be allied with Rollo’s family such as in protecting Rollo’s grandson Richard I at the later time. In addition, this would provide some reason for ongoing connections, alliances or links between Rollo’s descendants and the DeSenlis families. From my personal stand point or view, this version of Poppa’s lineage seems just as plausible or feasible as the other version mentioned. This alternate version makes the connection to the DeSenlis family and in doing so also connects the offspring of Poppa and Rollo to Hugh the Great and the future Capetian dynasty which Rollo’s grand daughter, Adelaide of Aquitaine married into. Bernard DeSenlis was an adherent of Hugh the Great, who would have been a relative to him. During the battles to rescue and restore Rollo’s grandson Richard to his rightful control of Normandy, Hugh the Great eventually became involved in the fight and sided with the Normans. One other thing this alternate version does is place Poppa as a descendant of Charlemagne and by doing so, place her as a distant relative of Charles the Simple. Just because they were distant relatives did not necessarily mean they would have been on the same side or allied to each other in any way. In fact, it may have been the opposite case and might have posed some problem when Rollo made his treaty with Charles. Rollo and Charles signed the treaty of St. Claire in 911. At that time he would have already been with Poppa for some time and had both of his children by her. This would mean that he already had a somewhat firm alliance with the Count of Senlis and most likely with Herbert I Count of Vermandois along with his son Herbert II. I mention this because at a later point in time, Herbert II would be an opposing force against Charles. He was just as adamant and vocal about his heritage from Charlemagne and Charles most likely was. Eventually, he was responsible for capturing Charles and holding him prisoner for three years. Later Herbert allied with Hugh the Great and William Longsword, duke of Normandy against King Louis IV, who allocated the County of Laon to Roger II, the son of Roger I, in 941. If you look at the descendants of Charlemagne, you will begin to understand that they were all descendants and proud of their ancestry but they were all competing and vying against each other for control and domination of the various parts of Francia. As one of those descendants, Herbert I of Vermandois and his family were at odds with the current ruling factions of the time as well as with Baldwin of Flanders. Herbert controlled both St. Quentin and Péronne and his activities in the upper Somme river valley, such as the capture and murder (rather than ransom) of his brother Raoul in 896, may have caused Baldwin II to have him assassinated in 907. These were people who would probably have no qualms about developing some kind of alliances or under the table agreements with a Viking raider such as Rollo who may have been willing to assist a cause in return for some type of reward- monetary or otherwise… for example a spare daughter to use as security, seal a bargain and set up some ongoing continued alliance that might prove benefitial to both parties.
Sometime later when Dudo of Saint Quentin was rewriting the history of Normandy for Richard I, he may have chosen to downplay or omit completely some aspects of the history.
Dudo does not appear to have consulted any existing documents for his history, but to have obtained his information from oral tradition, much of it being supplied by Raoul, count of Ivry, a half-brother of Duke Richard. Consequently, the Historia partakes of the nature of a romance, and on this ground has been regarded as untrustworthy by such competent critics as Ernst Dümmler and Georg Waitz. Other authorities, however, e.g.,J. Lair and J. Steenstrup, while admitting the existence of a legendary element, regard the book as of considerable value for the history of the Normans.
Although Dudo was acquainted with Virgil (Aeneid) and other Latin writers, his Latin is affected and obscure. The Historia, which is written alternately in prose and in verse of several metres, is divided into four parts, and deals with the history of the Normans from 852 to the death of Duke Richard in 996. It glorifies the Normans, and was largely used by William of Jumièges, Wace, Robert of Torigni,William of Poitiers and Hugh of Fleury in compiling their chronicles.
My last thoughts on Poppa’s genealogy and her relationship with Rollo are that it is probably closer to the second version than the first if you compare the other connecting threads and limited evidence. If you look at the length of her relationship with Rollo prior to his receiving Normandy, you also begin to get a slightly different picture of Rollo and his ability to take this land offer and forge it into a Kingdom. He was involved with Poppa and her family from about 885 on and did not sign the agreement with Charles until after 911. What this gives us is not a Lone wolf, or man who is unfamiliar with Frankish customs and culture but rather a well seasoned warrior with close to 20 years of experience in with other Frankish territories and rulers. Over that 20 years, he had most likely become well versed in Frankish affair and politics. For what ever reason, Dudo chose to play down and omit that portion as well as play down the relationship or existence of Poppa’s connection in all of it. Then Dudo also chose to add in the somewhat doubtful relationship of Gisela, daughter of Charles without giving her much more credibility or history than he did for Poppa. Of course part of this could be due to the fact that Dudo was recounting the history to a male audience and was not so much concerned about the role of any women involved in the history. He most likely played down Poppa’s relationship because she was a wife more danico and it was not thought to be a valid Christian marriage even though the children were recognized as legitimate offspring of the Father.
As for the relationship or existence of Gisela of France, there is always the possibility that Rollo did marry her in the Christian way to seal the treaty. It was not an uncommon practice back then to have both the more danico wife and the Christian one. If as mentioned, she died childless then her relationship and marriage to Rollo would have ended up being of little consequence as far as Dudo’s representation of history went. I suppose if we look at it realistically, none of Charles’ other daughters receive much recognition either other than just being listed as his daughters. In fact none of his other children seem to be of much consequence other than his son, Louis IV of France. On a side note of interest, Louis’ Mother was Eadgifu of Wessix, grand daughter of Alfred the Great. My thought on Gisela is that Dudo perhaps included her to tie in the connections to France and used her as a way to offset the presence of Poppa. By including Gisela, Dudo is in a way promoting the idea of Rollo having a Christian Royal wife and thereby putting down or negating Poppa’s ties or importance. He was after all attempting to make the Normans look better in the eyes of other countries such as France at that time. The last thing he would have wanted to do during this time is bring up any reference or mention of Poppa’s possible connections to the earlier events and disputes that took place between territories vying for control of Frankish regions and previous rebellions against Kings of Francia.
The De Senlis connection
Now that we have explored Poppa’s existence and her possible connections to the DeSenlis family, we can go on to the other mystery and broken link in the DeSenlis family. That broken link shows up with Simon DeSenlis I of my family history.
Simon I de Senlis (or Senliz), 1st Earl of Northampton and 2nd Earl of Huntingdon jure uxoris born 1068 died between 1111 and 1113 was a Norman nobleman.
In 1098 he was captured during the Vexin campaign of King William Rufus and was subsequently ransomed. He witnessed King Henry I’s Charter of Liberties issued at his coronation in 1100. He attested royal charters in England from 1100–03, 1106–07, and 1109–011. Sometime in the period, 1093–1100, he and his wife, Maud, founded the Priory of St. Andrew’s, Northampton. He witnessed a grant of King Henry I to Bath Abbey on 8 August 1111 at Bishop’s Waltham, as the king was crossing to Normandy. Simon de Senlis subsequently went abroad and died at La Charité-sur-Loire, where he was buried in the new priory church. The date of his death is uncertain.
He reportedly built Northampton Castle and the town walls. He also built one of the three remaining round churches in England, The Holy Sepulchre, Sheep Street, Northampton).
Simon was the third son of Laudri de Senlis, sire of Chantilly and Ermenonville (in Picardy), and his spouse, Ermengarde.
He married in or before 1090 Maud of Huntingdon, daughter of Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria, Northampton, and Huntingdon, by Judith, daughter of Lambert, Count of Lens. They had two sons, Simon II de Senlis, Earl of Huntingdon-Northampton, and Waltheof of Melrose, and one daughter, Maud de Senlis, who married (1st) Robert Fitz Richard (of the De Clare family), of Little Dunmow, Essex.
Following Simon’s death, his widow, Maud, married (2nd) around Christmas 1113, David I nicknamed the Saint, who became King of Scots in 1124. David was recognized as Earl of Huntingdon to the exclusion of his step-son, Simon; the earldom of Northampton reverted to the crown. Maud, 2nd Countess of Huntingdon, the Queen of Scots, died in 1130/31.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_I_de_Senlis,_Earl_of_Huntingdon-Northampton
There is little information given about his ancestry other than that his Father was Laudri De Senlis, born at
BIRTH • Senlis, Oise, Picardy, France
DEATH • Senlis, Normandy, France
Laudri’s wife is named Ermengarde and no other information is documented for her. There is some documentation of Laudri’s Father being a Foulques De Senlis, born 988, died 1050.
Simon was born in 1068, after William’s take over of England but his family must have been of some importance and there must have been some connection between his family and William’s otherwise William would not have offered his niece, Judith in marriage to Simon. During William’s take over of England and prior to that, he was no different from other leaders or rulers of the time in that he used marriage alliances to his advantage as reward to those loyal to him, and at times to ensure loyalty among those he might have doubts about. He first arranged marriages for his sister Adelaide of Normandy, then went on to arrange marriages for her daughter, Judith of Lens. William initially arranged the marriage of Judith to Waltheof of Northumbria- that may have been a case of ensuring the loyalty of Waltheof and gaining some control over Waltheof’s lands in Northumbria… unfortunately, that arrangement did not prove quite as successful as he may have planned. Waltheof eventually proved to be disloyal and William had him executed in 1076. This left Judith a widow with young children and some extremely valuable landholdings and titles in doubt or up for grabs. William rather quickly set about arranging another marriage for her to Simon De Senlis. Judith refused to marry Simon and she fled the country to avoid William’s anger. William temporarily confiscated all of Judith’s English estates. Simon later married Judith’s daughter Maud and took over the Earldom of Huntington. At the time of his marriage to Maud, he had already received land and title in the creation of Earl of Northampton. This would certainly suggest that he was not just some knight standing in line waiting for William to hopefully notice him and reward him with something, anything as recognition. There had to have been some reason or connection for William to bestow the first title and lands on him and then turn around and again reward him with either his niece or great-niece and Huntington. As I mentioned, Simon was too young to have been among those who arrived with William to do first battle and conquer England so there must have been some other important connection between Simon’s family to William which William deemed of enough importance or value to reward Simon in such way.
Simon De Senlis was not just some lowly unknown knight or nobleman of little wealth or station that William happened to run into and hand over a landholding and title to even before his marriage into William’s family. As early as 1080- 1084 he was already Earl of Northampton and was responsible for building Northampton Castle. Northampton Castle was one of the most famous Norman castles in England. It was built under the stewardship of Simon e Senlis, the first Earl of Northampton, in 1084. It took several years to complete, as there is no mention of it in the Domesday Book, a great survey of England completed in 1086. The castle site was outside the western city gate, and defended on three sides by deep trenches. A branch of the River Nene provided a natural barrier on the western side. The castle had extensive grounds and a large keep. The gates were surrounded by bulwarks made of earth, used to mount artillery. The castle was ‘obliterated’ by the arrival of a railway branch of what is now the West Coast Main Line in the 19th century, the station of which was built on the castle site and the construction of the original Northampton Castle railway station.
All of this information regarding Simon’s early adult years leads me to believe that Simon and his family were already held in some high esteem or regard by William. Simon was not born until mid 1060s but by the time he was in his late teens or very early twenties he was already made Earl of Northampton and put in charge of constructing this Castle and defenses for this Earldom holding of William. This does not speak of some lowly or relatively unknown prize winner in William’s raffling off of rewards…
In order to find some connection to further back, we can look at the city of Senlis, France and its history. The monarchs of the early French dynasties lived here, attracted by the proximity of the Chantilly Forest and its venison, and built a castle on the foundations of the Roman settlement. In 987 the archbishop of Reims, Albéron called together an assembly, and asked them to choose Hugh Capet as king of France. However, the monarchs of France soon abandoned the city, preferring Compiègne and Fontainebleau. New life was given to the city in the 12th century, and ramparts were built. The popularity of the city later fell, and it slipped into decline. Today it remains an attraction for tourists for its long history and its links to the French monarchy.
Senlis fell under the ownership of Hugh Capet in 981. He was elected king by his barons in 987 before being crowned at Noyon. Under the Capetian rule, Senlis became a royal city and remained so until the reign of Charles X. A castle was built during this period whose remains still lie today. The city reached its apogee in the 12th and 13th centuries as trade of wool and leather increased, while vineyards began to grow. With an increasing population, the city expanded and required the construction of new ramparts: a second chamber was erected under Phillip II that was larger and higher than the ramparts of the Gallo-Romans. A municipal charter was granted to the town in 1173 by the King Louis VII. The bishop of Senlis and the Chancellor Guérin became close advisors to the King, strengthening Senlis’ ties to the French royalty. In 1265, the Bailiwick of Senlis was created with its vast territory covering theBeauvais and the French Vexin. In 1319, the town crippled by debt, was passed to the control of the royalty. Senlis became devastated by the Hundred Years’ War, but managed to escape destruction despite being besieged by the Armagnacs.
Hugh Capet was married to Rollo’s grand-daughter, Adelaide of Aquitaine and as a result of this connection, DeSenlis families of Senlis probably had some continuing loyalties and alliances or connections to Normandy through her. There is no verifiable proof however to link Simon any further back to the original De Senlis family connected to Rollo and Poppa. All we can do is form our own theories and conjectures based on the amounts of circumstantial evidence.
Another version gives Simon a somewhat different parentage and ancestry.
SENLIS or ST. LIZ, SIMON de, Earl of Northampton and Huntingdon (d. 1109), was son of a Norman noble called Randel le Ryche. According to the register of the priory of St. Andrew at Northampton (Monast. Angl. v. 190), he fought with his brother Garner for William the Conqueror at Hastings. But there is no mention of him in Domesday book, and it seems more probable that he did not come to England till about the end of the reign of William I (Freeman, Norman Conquest, iv. 604). According to the legends preserved in the pseudo-Ingulph and the ‘Vita Waldevi,’ Simon was given by the Conqueror the hand of Judith, the widow of Earl Waltheof of Huntingdon; but Judith refused to marry him on account of his lameness. Simon then received the earldom of Northampton and Huntingdon from the king, and eventually married Matilda or Maud, the daughter of Waltheof and Judith. The marriage is an undoubted fact, but probably must be placed, together with the grant of the earldoms, not earlier than 1089. According to the ‘Vita Waldevi,’ Simon went on the crusade in 1095, but he appears to have been fighting on the side of William Rufus in Normandy in 1098, when he was taken prisoner by Louis, son of the king of France (Freeman, William Rufus, ii. 190). He was also one of the witnesses to the coronation charter of Henry I in 1100 (Stubbs, Select Charters, p. 102). Afterwards he went on the crusade. He died in 1109, and was buried at the priory of La Charité-sur-Loire. Earl Simon built Northampton Castle, and founded the priory of St. Andrew, Northampton, according to tradition, about 1084, but more probably in 1108 (Monast. Angl. v. 190–1). By his wife, Matilda, Simon had two sons—Simon, who is noticed below, and Waltheof (d 1159) [q. v.], who was abbot of Melrose. A daughter Maud married Robert FitzRichard of Tonbridge.
There are some ancestry and genealogy sources that list Simon as son of Ranulf “The Rich” De St. Liz. According to these sources, Ranulf was born about 1030, died 1080. His wife Ermengarde was born circa 1033. They had one son, Simon De Senlis/De St. Liz. These other sources list Ranulf’s father as Foulques Senlis who was born circa 955. These accountings would match somewhat closely the information listed for Simon’s Grandfather being one Foulques De Senlis. The discrepancy comes in Simon’s Father either being Laudrie or Ranulf. Both versions give his Mother’s name as Ermangarde. It’s possible that Laudrie and Ranulf are the same person and there is just a discrepancy or some confusion over Laudri’s name being either Laudri or Ranulf. This confusion could stem from mixing up the two differing versions of Simon’s ancestry.
Some researchers have attempted to link Simon to a different Ranulf the Rich. These researchers have used Ranulf (Ranulph) “The Rich” DeMeschines (Viscount De Bayeux) (1021-1089) as the Father of Simon De Senlis. The problem with this connection is that these are two different Ranulph the Riches. Ranulph “The Rich” DeMeschines, Viscount De Bayeux is documented as having married Alice/Alix of Normandy who was an illegitimate daughter of Richard III of Normandy. If you look into the documented history for Ranulf, Viscount of Bayeux there is no connection to Simon DeSenlis or the DeSenlis family.
Ranulf, Viscount of Bayeux was known better as Ranulf de Briquessart (or Ranulf the Viscount) (died c. 1089 or soon after) was an 11th-century Norman magnate and viscount. Ranulf’s family were connected to the House of Normandy by marriage, and, besides Odo, bishop of Bayeux, was the most powerful magnate in the Bessin region. He married Margaret, daughter of Richard Goz, viscount of the Avranchin, whose son and successor Hugh d’Avranches became Earl of Chester in England c. 1070. This Ranulf died in 1089 and his son was His son Ranulf le Meschin became ruler of Cumberland and later Earl of Chester. The Durham Liber Vitae, c. 1098 x 1120, shows that his eldest son was one Richard, who died in youth, and that he had another son named William. He also had a daughter called Agnes, who later married Robert (III) de Grandmesnil (died 1136).
Another source of evidence to support Simon De Senlis’ Father as Laudri or Landri De Senlis comes from the Dictionary of the nobility, containing the genealogies, the history …, Vol. 3, p. 65; Lords and Viscount de Senlis, Senlis Bouteiller, by Stephen Pattou, 2003, p. 2
Spouses / Children:
Ermengarde
Guy I of Senlis, called “The Tower”, lord of Chantilly .. +
Hubert de Senlis, canon of Notre-Dame de Paris
Simon I SENLIS (ST. LIZ), Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton +
Landri of Senlis, knight, lord of Chantilly Ermenonville
Married:
Died: Between 1070 and 1080
Landry Senlis, I. name, Knight, Lord & Ermenonville Chantilly, married, in the reign of King Philip I, a lady named Ermengarde, where he had three sons who inherited his property after his death in the year 1080: – -1. Gui, which follows – 2. Hubert, Canon of Notre-Dame de Paris, named in the title of 1119 – 3.Simon, who went to England, where he was the branch of the Counts Hu [n] Huntingdon & Northampton, reported below.
Marriage Information:
Landry married Ermengarde.
I know this is probably getting confusing for many of you who may not be as interested or familiar with genealogy. I will try to simplify and clarify the confusing matters a little as well as get into why this is important in tracing Simon DeSenlis back further to the DeSenlis families connected to Rollo and Poppa. In researching family histories this far back where this is little documented evidence or proof, it becomes somewhat more like a crime scene investigation or suspect profiling! You need to pay close attention to all of various clues that show up in different versions or documents pertaining to the person, the family, events of the time and even to those others they might be associated with. You need to be more detective/ researcher and less record keeper/copier, scribe or sheep.
The basic facts we are certain of are that one Simon DeSenlis was born about 1065-68 and died between 1109-1113. His life after 1080 was well documented and accounted for. More than one source or account lists his parents as Laudri/Landry DeSenlis and wife Ermangarde so it is reasonable to make a connection and assumption for this being Simon’s family line.
I am not so much interested in the concrete absolute facts because I know there are few if any of those. What I am looking for is more of a plausibility or feasibility factor or link that would show a possible connection between Simon DeSenlis’ family and William’s family back to Rollo and Poppa’s generation. I believe that I have already provided evidence that ties Simon and his immediate family to some closer connection with William.
There are some sources that mention Simon’s Father and possibly a brother arriving in England with William on his initial invasion in 1066. The brothers are not listed in the Domesday book so it could be assumed that they both returned to Normandy after the initial battles. Laudri’s information lists him as being Knight, Lord & Ermenonville Chantilly with his eldest son, Gui presumably inheriting that title. The second son, Hubert went to the Church as Canon of Notre-Dame de Paris. As a third son, Simon would most likely have had to look elsewhere for title, wealth or lands. If the family had connections to William, this would have been an opportune time for William to assist the family in carving out a destiny for young Simon. Laudri may have aided William and participated in the invasion of England with him but as he already had lands and title, he might have been happy to return home after that first invasion. He may have seen no reason to stay on in England during those early years. Simon was born during these early years of the conquest so it is possible that rather than seek reward or title for himself in England that he did not need or want, Laudri chose instead to have William bestow any reward or favor on this third son who would be in need of title and wealth. Laudri’s place of birth and death are listed as Senlis, Oise, Picardie, France. As I have mentioned previously, there is some confusion as to Laudri’s name being Laudri or possibly as in some other sources, Ranulf… all of the other information for the two different names is the same (except for the faction that tries to connect Ranulf to Ranulf of Bayeux and we have already discussed that confusion!)
Laudri’s Father is listed as Foulques De Senlis in more than one source and there is some documentation of a Foulques DeSenlis born 988 died 1050 with a son listed as Landry DeSenlis. This foulques was also listed as living in Senlis, Oise, Picardie. Foulque’s Father is listed as Rothold DeSenlis born abt 958 and died before 1045 at Senlis. Bear with me please… we are almost at our point of interest or possible connection to Rollo and Poppa!
Rothold’s Father is listed as Bernard II DeSenlis, born about 919 died abt 1000 at Senlis. Now, it does stand to reason that if there was a Bernard II, then there must have been a Bernard I of Senlis? This brings us back to the Bernard of Senlis mentioned in the beginning of this discussion… You know, the one Bernard DeSenlis that I mentioned early on in connection to Rollo and Poppa. Let’s refresh some of our dates here for this to begin to make some sense. Rollo was born about 850, died abt 827-830. Poppa was born around 870 and died abt 930. Let’s also go back to that alternate version of Poppa’s genealogy- you know the one where it lists her as being a daughter of one Gui, Count of Senlis and sister of a Bernard of Senlis… Hopefully you are beginning to see some connection? This name of Gui shows up again in the later generation of Simon’s family where Simon’s older brother is named Gui or Guy so it may be an indication of a generational name being passed down.
Bernard II DeSenlis has listed as his Father, a Bernard I born 875 and died sometime after 928 in France. All of the various genealogies listed become quite sketchy and extremely muddy at this point and it’s difficult to sift through all of the irregularities and possibilities for confusing supposed family members. Most of the versions do however, seem to connect Bernard II and his Father, Bernard I back eventually to the same families and lineages mentioned in the alternate version of Poppa’s genealogy. If we sort through all of the possible inaccuracies and look for common threads, those common threads of similar names, locations and titles give us a fairly good idea of Poppa’s general family connections to the houses, dynasties or territories of early Francia such as Senlis, Vermandois, Chantilly, Soissons, Champagne but not Bayeux. Some history alludes to the idea that Poppa was “captured” during a battle at Bayeux so perhaps that is how she got connected to Bayeux. It may have been a case where Poppa was with Rollo during this campaign that took place some time between 887 and 889. She may have already been his wife or concubine and some might have assumed that if she was not a Dane, she must be a captive or slave of his. And, realistically she may have initially been in a position of hostage/captive or security of some sort to ensure payment or alliance from her family. The problem or question that ever remains is just which family…
To put the history, the possible family connections and how they might have come about into some perspective, it might help to look at Rollo’s earliest known history in Francia and some maps of the areas involved. During 885/86 Rollo was involved in a siege of Paris. The siege was not successful but rather than fight the Viking group, King Charles the fat instead encouraged and allowed the group to travel down the Seine to ravage Burgandy which was in revolt at the time. When the Vikings withdrew from France the next spring, he gave them 700 livres (pounds) of silver as promised. In some context, this shows that the Frankish rulers were not above using Viking raiders to their own benefit and advantage in setting them up to attack territories that might be some threat to them. They were more than willing to enter into agreements or alliances with these groups and use them as a sort of paid mercenary group to thwart their own personal enemies or oppositions. If King Charles was not above this type of action, it would stand to reason that other local leaders would be willing to do the same. The Viking raiders were not unfamiliar with the leaders of Francia. They were an ongoing, fairly constant presence in the area as far back as prior to 845. By 885 when Rollo’s group began their siege of Paris, bribery and payoffs to the raiding groups was a common practice and one might even assume that by this time each groups’ rulers, leaders and politics were well-known to each other.
The siege of 885 lasted through 885 and well into 886. During that time, various Viking groups would venture out to other areas including Le Mans, Chartres, Evreux and into the Loire. This would have put them in the areas of Senlis, Champagne, Picardie, Soissons and other places associated with Poppa’s family connections. Their time spent on the river Seine would have taken them through areas around Brittany and Bayeux, thus putting them in the middle of the unrest going on there as a result of King Saloman’s murder in the late 870s. Some time in late 886 or 887, Rollo’s group did leave Paris but that does not mean he left Francia. From most accounts, he remained in Francia throughout this time raiding in different parts. If he spent this amount of time in the area, he most likely began to settle himself there, develop a name and reputation for himself and build some alliances even though those alliances may have been shaky at first and been a result of his “working” relationship or associations based on the business of mercenaries or being paid not to raid…
If you look at the locations on maps, you will see the close proximity of all the places and how the leading families may have formed uneasy alliances or waged wars against each other in land disputes.
This ancient map shows the areas of Vermandois in relation to areas of what would eventually become Rollo’s land of Normandy. Bayeux is situated on the coast within that area. It also shows the close vicinity of Bayeux to Neustria and Brittany or Bretagne.
This map shows the region of Picardy in relation to Paris and to Normandy, as well as the Champagne area.
This is a detailed map showing the separate lands or holdings within Picardy with Senlis being the closest to the borders of what would become Normandy.
Finally, this map shows a better representation of Senlis in relation to Rouen and Paris.
I have stated numerous times through out this discussion that there is no absolute conclusive evidence or proof for either Poppa’s family connections or in later generations, Simon DeSenlis’ family connections. My main intent in this article is merely to suggest that possibility or plausibility for Poppa’s alternative family connections and that those connections lead to the possible and plausible connection to the DeSenlis family. Perhaps one day there will be some concrete definitive answer to the puzzles of this history and ancestry, most likely though it will remain an ongoing mystery that people with connections to these lineages will continue to debate. The progresses made in the field of genealogical DNA testing may eventually provide some answers to possible blood line connections or matches. I have submitted my DNA sample for testing and waiting for results but I really do not expect those results to give any conclusive evidence or answer to this particular puzzle. I think that for the most part, this history and ancestry will remain subjective and dependent on each individual’s personal perspective on the history and people involved.
My last thoughts on all of this more factual accounting of history have to do with the fiction and fantasy aspect of it. These thoughts are for the Vikings Saga fans of Rollo’s character… We have seen the beginning of Rollo’s arrival in the Frankish world according to Michael Hirst’s version and creative take on the events. Hirst has given us what I believe so far, is a combined version of Poppa and Gisla where Gisla takes prominence and gains some identity or credit rather than Poppa. How that relationship plays out is yet to be seen. We will see this in season 4. What we will also hopefully see is the development of Rollo’s alliances and friendships with those Viking men who remain with him, and with those men of Francia that he must eventually make friends or alliances with in order to succeed in creating and building Normandy. I am reasonably certain that we will most probably not see any actual characterization of one such as Bernard DeSenlis- that in my humble little mind would just be too much to hope for or expect. What I do hope to see is some unfolding is some combination of people in a character that might represent varied facets or bits of actual history.
During the last episodes of season 3, we were vaguely introduced to a character named Roland who we know little about as yet. Huw Parmenter will be returning as Roland in season 4 and I am anxious to see how his character of Roland fits into the story as Rollo’s life begins in Francia. From what little we were able to discern or conclude of him in season 3, he is one of Odo’s soldiers and there seems to be some connection between him and Gisela. What that connection might be is a mystery right now. At this point we have no idea what Roland’s story really is? Is he a future villain or foe of Rollo, is he a future friend? What is his connection to Gisela, Charles and Odo… is he some family or relative, or is he some lovesick champion or supporter of Gisela? What we have seen briefly is him carrying out Odo’s orders, a few subtly foreshadowing scenes of him with Gisela, Charles and Odo but no real definitive clues as to his future role.
Roland’s story is yet to come so we can only make guesses as to what his part in the story will be. These are just my personal thoughts on how his story might play out. I could be completely wrong on this, so please do not hold me to this guess! Roland’s name and his current position within the Royal court suggest some nod, tribute or imaginative illusive reference to a historical legendary figure of Roland who was a military leader under Charlemagne who became one of the principal figures in the literary cycle known as the Matter of France. You can read more about the history and legend of Roland in a previous post:
https://timeslipsblog.wordpress.com/2015/09/05/prussia-saxony-and-roland-part-2/
Perhaps our character of Roland will become a future friend or ally for Rollo… It stands to some reason that Rollo is going to need some Frankish alliances or friends. He has already made comments in far previous episodes that he understands the importance of alliances… he made such comment in a discussion with Floki about Aethelwulf. If Hirst is setting Roland up as this type of relationship with Rollo then Roland could be a representation of some of those early Frankish men such as Bernard DeSenlis. The DeSenlis line had ties to Charlemagne so would fit into some representation that Roland might possibly portray depending on how Hirst decides to tell the story! He has already set up sort of connection in his combining of Poppa and Gisela. If he presents Roland as some family connection to Gisela rather than some thwarted loved interest, then by making Roland an ally we would see the representation or connection mentioned in history about Bernard DeSenlis being a relative of Poppa’s and of him being one of Rollo’s comrades or companions from the earliest year. If he then carried the story forward, this would feasibly set Roland up as having some role as events of the future might play out in Normandy. As I’ve said, these are just my personal thoughts and wishful thinking about Roland’s character- I would love to see it play out in this way as some underlying tribute or nod to my family connection and version of the history!
In my previous family history post, I took you on a very brief tour of Trier’s history. I originally planned to leave it at that but I was so intrigued with it’s long history that I decided to find out more. I am going to share it here in a more in depth post because the story of Trier is so interesting and I don’t think it gets the credit it deserves when people think about great cities of history! I also think that Vikings fans may be interested in one of the visits that a group of Northmen paid to the city in 881. We will look at that visit and it’s result later. Before you begin reading, I will warn and advise you that this has become a lengthy post! It is a more detailed and extensive history than some of you might like but it is also is not nearly as long and in depth as it could have been! I have tried to edit as much as possible but given the massive history surrounding Trier, I find myself thinking it unfair to leave out certain parts or deem some portion unimportant. If you simply can not bring yourself to read through all of it, I have broken it up into sections with subtitles which you can scroll down through in search of what might interest you the most. I really do hope you will take the time to read the entire article though.
Index of Subsections:
Pre-history and Celtic origins
Early Roman Connections: From Treveri tribes to Roman citizens
Romans take over and Imperialism sets in
The Constantine Connection
Constantine’s little personal problem…his wife Fausta
Saint Helena’s connection
Trier after Rome’s demise: From Augusta Treverorum to Treves
The Vikings pay their visit to Trier!
Pre-history and Celtic origins
First let’s look at the rich history of this city that was at one time thought of as one of the most important cities of the Roman and then the Frankish Empire. The following Roman era map shows Trier by it’s Roman name of Augusta Treverorum and lists it as a Roman city. In red, you will find the Celtic tribe of Treveri in that area.
The Celtic Treveri tribe inhabited the lower valley of the Moselle from around 150 BCE, if not earlier, until their eventual absorption into the Franks. Their domain lay within the southern fringes of the Silva Arduenna (Ardennes Forest), a part of the vast Silva Carbonaria, in what are now Luxembourg, southeastern Belgium and western Germany; its centre was the city of Trier (Augusta Treverorum), to which the Treveri give their name. Celtic in language, according to Tacitus they claimed Germanic descent.
Although they quickly adapted to Roman material culture, the Treveri had a tenuous relationship with Roman power. Their leader Indutiomarus led them in revolt against Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars; much later, they played a key role in the Gaulish revolt during the Year of the Four Emperors. On the other hand, the Treveri supplied the Roman army with some of its most famous cavalry, and the city of Augusta Treverorum was home for a time to the family of Germanicus, including the future emperor Gaius (Caligula). During the Crisis of the Third Century, the territory of the Treveri was overrun by Germanic Alamanni and Franks and later formed part of the Gallic Empire.
The name Treveri has been interpreted as referring to a “flowing river” or to “crossing the river”. Rudolf Thurneysen proposes to interpret it as a Celtic trē-uer-o, followed by Xavier Delamarre with the element trē < *trei ‘through’, ‘across’ (cf. Latin trans) and uer-o ‘to cross a river’, so the name Treveri could mean ‘the ferrymen’, because these people helped to cross the Mosel river. They had a special goddess of the ford called Ritona and a temple dedicated to Uorioni Deo. treuer- can be compared with the Old Irish treóir ‘guiding, passage through a ford’, ‘place to cross a river’. The word uer- / uar- can be related to an indo-European word meaning ‘stream’, ‘river’ (Sanskrit vār, Old Norse vari ‘water’), that can be found in many river-names, especially in France : Var, Vire, Vière or in place-names like Louviers or Verviers. The city of Trier (French: Trèves) derives its name from the later Latin locative in Trēverīs for earlier Augusta Treverorum.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treveri
The Treveri tribe was described by early Romans as the most renowned of the Belgae tribes who were referred to as being part of the Gauls.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgae
According to the Roman consul Aulus Hirtius in the 1st century BCE, the Treveri differed little from Germanic peoples in their manner of life and savage behaviour. The Treveri boasted of their Germanic origin, according to Tacitus, in order to distance themselves from “Gallic laziness” (inertia Gallorum). But Tacitus does not include them with the Vangiones, Triboci or Nemetes as “tribes unquestionably German”. The presence of hall villas of the same type as found in indisputably Germanic territory in northern Germany, alongside Celtic types of villas, corroborates the idea that they had both Celtic and Germanic affinities. The Germanic element among the Treveri probably arrived there in the 3rd or 2nd century BCE.Strabo says that their Nervian and Tribocan neighbours were Germanic peoples who by that point had settled on the left bank of the Rhine, while the Treveri are implied to be Gaulish.
Jerome states that as of the 4th century their language was similar to that of the Celts of Asia Minor (the Galatians). Jerome probably had first-hand knowledge of these Celtic languages, as he had visited both Augusta Treverorum and Galatia. Very few personal names among the Treveri are of Germanic origin; instead, they are generally Celtic or Latin. Certain distinctively Treveran names are apparently none of the three and may represent a pre-Celtic stratum, according to Wightman (she gives Ibliomarus, Cletussto and Argaippo as examples).
Before Ceasar’s invasion, the central city of the Treveri was at a place named Titelberg. Titelberg is the site of a large Celtic settlement or oppidum in the extreme south west of Luxembourg. In the 1st century BC, this thriving community was probably the capital of the Treveri people. The site thus provides telling evidence of urban civilization in what is now Luxembourg long before the Roman conquest.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titelberg
Early Roman Connections: From Treveri tribes to Roman citizens
The Treveri had a strong cavalry and infantry, and during the Gallic Wars would provide Julius Caesar with his best cavalry. Under their leader Cingetorix, the Treveri served as Roman auxiliaries. However, their loyalties began to change in 54 BCE under the influence of Cingetorix’ rival Indutiomarus. According to Caesar, Indutiomarus instigated the revolt of the Eburones under Ambiorix that year and led the Treveri in joining the revolt and enticing Germanic tribes to attack the Romans. The Romans under Titus Labienus killed Indutiomarus and then put down the Treveran revolt; afterwards, Indutiomarus’ relatives crossed the Rhine to settle among the Germanic tribes. The Treveri remained neutral during the revolt of Vercingetorix, and were attacked again by Labienus after it. On the whole, the Treveri were more successful than most Gallic tribes in cooperating with the Romans. They probably emerged from the Gallic Wars with the status of a free civitas exempt from tribute.
In 30 BCE, a revolt of the Treveri was suppressed by Marcus Nonius Gallus, and the Titelberg was occupied by a garrison of the Roman army. Agrippa and Augustus undertook the organization of Roman administration in Gaul, laying out an extensive series of roads beginning with Agrippa’s governorship of Gaul in 39 BCE, and imposing a census in 27 BCE for purposes of taxation. The Romans built a new road from Trier to Reims via Mamer, to the north, and Arlon, thus by-passing by 25 kilometres the Titelberg and the older Celtic route, and the capital was displaced to Augusta Treverorum (Trier) with no signs of conflict. The vicinity of Trier had been inhabited by isolated farms and hamlets before the Romans, but there had been no urban settlement here.
Following the reorganisation of the Roman provinces in Germany in 16 BCE, Augustus decided that the Treveri should become part of the province of Belgica. At an unknown date, the capital of Belgica was moved from Reims to Augusta Treverorum. A significant layer of the Treveran élite seems to have been granted Roman citizenship under Caesar and/or Augustus, by whom they were given the nomenJulius.
During the reigns of Augustus, Tiberius and Claudius, and particularly when Drusus and Germanicus were active in Gaul, Augusta Treverorum rose to considerable importance as a base and supply centre for campaigns in Germany. The city was endowed with an amphitheatre, baths, and other amenities, and for a while Germanicus’ family lived in the city. Pliny the Elder reports that Germanicus’ son, the future emperor Gaius (Caligula), was born “among the Treveri, at the village of Ambiatinus, above Koblenz“, but Suetonius notes that this birthplace was disputed by other sources.
Towards the end of the first century ad, the Treveran elite noblemen made the mistake of joining in a revolt against Rome. The revolt was quickly put down and more than a hundred rebel Treveran noblemen fled across the Rhine to join their Germanic allies; in the assessment of Jeannot Metzler, this event marks the end of aristocratic Treveran cavalry service in the Roman army, the rise of the local bourgeoisie, and the beginnings of “a second thrust of Romanization”.Camille Jullian attributes to this rebellion the promotion of Reims, capital of the perennially loyal Remi, at the expense of the Treveri. By the 2nd and 3rd centuries, representatives of the old élite bearing the nomen Julius had practically disappeared, and a new élite arose to take their place; these would have originated mainly from the indigenous middle class, according to Wightman. This would have been a Roman way of eliminating feelings of loyalty or heritage to the ancient Treveri tribe and replacing it with loyalty to Rome. The Treveri tribes also suffered from their proximity to the Rhine frontier during the Crisis of the Third Century. Frankish and Alamannic invasions during the 250s led to significant destruction, particularly in rural areas; given the failure of the Roman military to defend effectively against Germanic invasion, country dwellers improvised their own fortifications, often using the stones from tombs and mausoleums. While these smaller rural concentrations of Treveri were being decimated by that Germanic invasion, the city of Augusta Treverorum was becoming an urban centre of the first importance, overtaking even Lugdunum (Lyon). During the Crisis of the Third Century, the city served as the capital of the Gallic Empire under the emperors Tetricus I and II from 271 to 274. The Treveri suffered further devastation from the Alamanni in 275, following which, according to Jeannot Metzler, “The great majority of agricultural domains lay waste and would never be rebuilt”. It is unclear whether Augusta Treverorum itself fell victim to the Alamannic invasion. Other historical sources state that the city was destroyed during that time and that Emperor Diocletian recognized the urgency of maintaining an imperial presence in the Gauls, and established first Maximian, then Constantius Chlorus as caesars at Trier; from 293 to 395, Trier was one of the residences of the Western Roman Emperor in Late Antiquity. It’s position required the monumental settings that betokened imperial government.
Romans take over and Imperialism sets in
My personal thought on these events is to wonder if Rome’s failure to protect those outlying Treveri was actually part of some plan to better eliminate those more distant and possibly less loyal groups. In a way, these events led to a more complete demise of the original Treveri tribes and people who would look at themselves as Treveri first and Roman citizen second. As for the city of Augusta Treverorum falling victim to the invasions, it seems to have recovered quickly. Those residents that survived the attack would from that point on be Roman and Christian in their loyalties and beliefs. From 285 to 395, Augusta Treverorum was one of the residences of the western Roman Emperor, including Maximian, Constantine the Great, Constantius II, Valentinian I, Magnus Maximus, and Theodosius I; from 318 to 407, it served as the seat of the praetorian prefecture of Gaul. By the mid-4th century, the city was counted in a Roman manuscript as one of the four capitals of the world, alongside Rome, Alexandria, and Constantinople. New defensive structures, including fortresses at Neumagen, Bitburg and Arlon, were constructed to defend against Germanic invasion. After a Vandal invasion in 406, however, the imperial residence was moved to Mediolanum (Milan) while the praetorian guard was withdrawn to Arelate (Arles).
A mint was immediately established by Constantius, which came to be the principal mint of the Roman West. A new stadium was added to the amphitheater, to stage chariot races. Under the rule of Constantine the Great (306–337), the city was rebuilt and buildings such as the Palastaula (known today as the Constantine Basilica) and the Imperial Baths (Kaiserthermen), the largest surviving Roman baths outside Rome, were begun under Constantius and completed c 314 constructed. by his son Constantine, who left Trier in the hands of his son Crispus. In 326, sections of the imperial family’s private residential palaces were extended and converted to a large double basilica, the remains of which are still partly recognisable in the area of the Trier Cathedral (Trierer Dom) and the church “Liebfrauenkirche“. A demolished imperial palace has left shattered sections of painted ceiling, which scholars believe once belonged to Constantine’s young wife, Fausta, whom he later put to death.
The Constantine Connection
From Constantine’s time in Trier onward, the city was the seat of the Gallic prefecture (the Praefectus Praetorio Galliarium), one of the two highest authorities in the Western Roman Empire, which governed the western Roman provinces from Morocco to Britain. Constantine’s son Constantius II resided here from 328 to 340. Roman Trier was the birthplace of Saint Ambrose ca. 340, who later became the Bishop of Milan and was eventually named a Doctor of the Roman Catholic Church long after his death in 397. It became a city of great importance and occasionally, great scandal- as in the events surrounding it’s Royal household. I am not going to go into Constantine’s early life or his climb to the level of Emperor… this is long enough as it is!
Constantine’s share of the Empire consisted of Britain, Gaul, and Spain. He therefore commanded one of the largest Roman armies, stationed along the important Rhine frontier. After his promotion to emperor, Constantine remained in Britain, driving back the tribes of the Picts and secured his control in the northwestern dioceses. He completed the reconstruction of military bases begun under his father’s rule, and ordered the repair of the region’s roadways. He soon left for Augusta Treverorum (Trier) in Gaul, the Tetrarchic capital of the northwestern Roman Empire. The Franks, after learning of Constantine’s acclamation, invaded Gaul across the lower Rhine over the winter of 306–307 AD. Constantine drove them back beyond the Rhine and captured two of their kings, Ascaric and Merogaisus. The kings and their soldiers were fed to the beasts of Trier’s amphitheater in the adventus (arrival) celebrations that followed.
Because Constantine was still largely untried and had a hint of illegitimacy about him, he relied on his father’s reputation in his early propaganda: the earliest panegyrics to Constantine give as much coverage to his father’s deeds as to those of Constantine himself. Constantine’s military skill and building projects soon gave the panegyrist the opportunity to comment favorably on the similarities between father and son, and Eusebius remarked that Constantine was a “renewal, as it were, in his own person, of his father’s life and reign”. Constantinian coinage, sculpture and oratory also shows a new tendency for disdain towards the “barbarians” beyond the frontiers. After Constantine’s victory over the Alemanni, he minted a coin issue depicting weeping and begging Alemannic tribesmen—”The Alemanni conquered”—beneath the phrase “Romans’ rejoicing”. There was little sympathy for these enemies. As his panegyrist declared: “It is a stupid clemency that spares the conquered foe!”
Constantine’s little personal problem…his wife Fausta
Let’s set aside the rest of Constantine’s achievements and accomplishments and look at his personal life a bit. His personal residence became the city of Augusta Treverorum so naturally much of his personal life took place there. In the year 303 he married his first wife, Minervina and had one son, Crispus by her. In 307, he set her aside as part of a treaty or alliance with Roman Emperor Maximianus and agreed to marry Maximianus’s daughter, Fausta. In 310 Maximian died as a consequence of an assassination plot against Constantine. Maximian decided to involve his daughter Fausta, but she revealed the plot to her husband, and the assassination was disrupted. Maximian died, by suicide or by assassination, in July of that same year.
Empress Fausta was held in high esteem by Constantine, and proof of his favour was that in 323 she was proclaimed Augusta; previously she held the title of Nobilissima Femina. However three years later Fausta was put to death by Constantine, following the execution of Crispus, his eldest son by Minervina, in 326. The two deaths have been inter-related in various ways; in one, Fausta is set jealously against Crispus, as in the anonymous Epitome de Caesaribus, or conversely her adultery, perhaps with the stepson who was close to her in age, is suggested. Fausta was executed by suffocation in an over-heated bath, a mode of assassination not otherwise attested in the Roman world. David Woods offers the connection of overheated bathing with contemporaneous techniques of abortion, a suggestion that implies an unwanted, adulterous pregnancy according to Constantine’s biographer Paul Stephenson.
The Emperor ordered the damnatio memoriae of his wife with the result that no contemporary source records details of her fate: “Eusebius, ever the sycophant, mentions neither Crispus nor Fausta in his Life of Constantine, and even wrote Crispus out of the final version of his Ecclesiastical History (HE X.9.4)”, Constantine’s biographer Paul Stephenson observes. Significantly, her sons, once in power, never revoked this order. Her sons became Roman Emperors: Constantine II, reigned 337 – 340, Constantius II reigned 337 – 361, and Constans reigned 337 – 350. She also bore three daughters Constantina, Helena and Fausta. Of these, Constantina married her cousins, firstly Hannibalianus and secondly Constantius Gallus, and Helena married Emperor Julian.
The reason for this act remains unclear and historians have long debated Constantine’s motivation. Zosimus in the 5th century and Joannes Zonaras in the 12th century both reported that Fausta, stepmother of Crispus, was extremely jealous of him. She was reportedly afraid that Constantine would put aside the sons she bore him. So, in order to get rid of Crispus, Fausta set him up. She reportedly told the young Caesar that she was in love with him and suggested an illegitimate love affair. Crispus denied the immoral wishes of Fausta and left the palace in a state of a shock. Then Fausta said to Constantine that Crispus had no respect for his father, since the Caesar was in love with his father’s own wife. She reported to Constantine that she dismissed him after his attempt to rape her. Constantine believed her and, true to his strong personality and short temper, executed his beloved son. A few months later, Constantine reportedly found out the whole truth and then killed Fausta.
This version of events has become the most widely accepted, since all other reports are even less satisfactory. That Fausta and Crispus would have together plotted treason against Constantine is rejected by most historians, as they would have nothing to gain considering their positions as favourites of Constantine. In any case, such a case would not have been tried by a local court as Crispus’ case clearly was. Another view suggests that Constantine killed Crispus because as a supposedly illegitimate son, he would cause a crisis in the order of succession to the throne. However, Constantine had kept him at his side for twenty years without any such decision. Constantine also had the authority to appoint his younger, legitimate sons as his heirs. Some reports claimed that Constantine was envious of the success of his son and afraid of him. This seems improbable, given that Constantine had twenty years of experience as emperor while Crispus was still a young Caesar. Similarly, there seems to be no evidence that Crispus had any ambitions to harm or displace his father. So while the story of Zosimus and Zonaras seems the most believable one, there are also problems relating to their version of events. Constantine’s reaction suggests that he suspected Crispus of a crime so terrible that death was not enough. Crispus, his wife Helena and their son, also suffered damnatio memoriae, meaning their names were never mentioned again and deleted from all official documents and monuments. The eventual fate of Helena and her son is a mystery. Constantine did not restore his son’s innocence and name, as he probably would have on learning of his son’s innocence. Perhaps Constantine’s pride, or shame at having executed his son, prevented him from publicly admitting having made a mistake.
It is beyond doubt that there was a connection between the deaths of Crispus and Fausta. Such agreement among different sources connecting two deaths is extremely rare in itself. A number of modern historians have suggested that Crispus and Fausta really did have an affair. When Constantine found out, his reaction was to have both of them killed. What delayed the death of Fausta may have been a pregnancy. Since the years of birth for the two known daughters of Constantine and Fausta remain unknown, one of their births may have delayed their mother’s execution.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fausta
Constantine eventually removed himself from the city of Augusta Treverorum in later years and spent his later years in Constantinople, which he considered his capital and permanent residence. He died there in 337. Constantine had known death would soon come. Within the Church of the Holy Apostles, Constantine had secretly prepared a final resting-place for himself. It came sooner than he had expected. Soon after the Feast of Easter 337, Constantine fell seriously ill. He left Constantinople for the hot baths near his mother’s city of Helenopolis (Altinova), on the southern shores of the Gulf of İzmit. There, in a church his mother built in honor of Lucian the Apostle, he prayed, and there he realized that he was dying. Seeking purification, he became a catechumen, and attempted a return to Constantinople, making it only as far as a suburb of Nicomedia. He summoned the bishops, and told them of his hope to be baptized in the River Jordan, where Christ was written to have been baptized. He requested the baptism right away, promising to live a more Christian life should he live through his illness. The bishops, Eusebius records, “performed the sacred ceremonies according to custom”. He chose the Arianizing bishop Eusebius of Nicomedia, bishop of the city where he lay dying, as his baptizer. In postponing his baptism, he followed one custom at the time which postponed baptism until after infancy. It has been thought that Constantine put off baptism as long as he did so as to be absolved from as much of his sin as possible. Constantine died soon after at a suburban villa called Achyron, on the last day of the fifty-day festival of Pentecost directly following Pascha (or Easter), on 22 May 337.
Saint Helena’s connection
After Constanine’s death, the city of Augusta Treverorum once more became a royal or imperial residence. Constantine’s son Constantius II resided here from 328 to 340. Roman Trier was the birthplace of Saint Ambrose ca. 340, who later became the Bishop of Milan and was eventually named a Doctor of the Roman Catholic Church long after his death in 397. From 367, under Valentinian I, Trier once more became an imperial residence (lasting until the death of Theodosius I in 395) and remained the largest city north of the Alps. It was for a few years (383 – 388) the capital of Magnus Maximus, who ruled most of the western Empire. Besides Constantine’s heirs and successors retaining close ties to the city of Trier, one other person of his family did as well. That would be his Mother, Helena! No discussion of Rome’s connection and tie to Trier would be complete without a mention of Helena and her gifts to the city. Apparently, she was so fond of the city that in later years, her head would return to reside there?
Saint Helena ( c. 250 – c. 330) was the consort of the Roman emperorConstantius Chlorus and the mother of the emperor Constantine the Great. She is an important figure in the history of Christianity and the world due to her major influence on her son and her own contributions in placing Christianity at the heart of Western Civilization. She is traditionally credited with a pilgrimage to Syria Palaestina, during which she is claimed to have discovered the True Cross.
Helena’s birthplace is not known with certainty. The 6th-century historian Procopius is the earliest authority for the statement that Helena was a native of Drepanum, in the province of Bithynia in Asia Minor. Her son Constantine renamed the city “Helenopolis” after her death around 330, which supports the belief that the city was her birthplace. The Byzantinist Cyril Mango has argued that Helenopolis was refounded to strengthen the communication network around his new capital in Constantinople, and was renamed simply to honor Helena, not to mark her birthplace. There was also a Helenopolis in Palestine and a Helenopolis in Lydia. These cities, and the province of Helenopontus in the Diocese of Pontus, were probably both named after Constantine’s mother. G. K. Chesterton in his book ‘A Short History of England’ writes that she was considered a Briton by the British, a tradition noted by Geoffrey of Monmouth, whose 12th century Historia Regum Britanniae reports that Helena was a daughter of the British King Coel.
The bishop and historian Eusebius of Caesarea states that she was about 80 on her return from Palestine. Since that journey has been dated to 326–28, Helena was probably born in 248 or 250. Little is known of her early life. Fourth-century sources, following Eutropius‘ “Breviarium,” record that she came from a low background. Saint Ambrose was the first to call her a stabularia, a term translated as “stable-maid” or “inn-keeper”. He makes this fact a virtue, calling Helena a bona stabularia, a “good stable-maid”. Other sources, especially those written after Constantine’s proclamation as emperor, gloss over or ignore her background. There is great debate over her actual marital status with Constantine’s father, Constantius. Some would assert that she was his legitimate wife, others assume that she was most likely his concubine or common law wife. What ever the case, she gave birth to the future emperor Constantine I on 27 February around 272. At the time, she was in Naissus (Niš, Serbia). In order to obtain a wife more consonant with his rising status, Constantius divorced Helena some time before 289, when he married Theodora, Maximian’s daughter under his command. (The narrative sources date the marriage to 293, but the Latin panegyric of 289 refers to the couple as already married). Helena and her son were dispatched to the court of Diocletian at Nicomedia, where Constantine grew to be a member of the inner circle. Helena never remarried and lived for a time in obscurity, though close to her only son, who had a deep regard and affection for her.
Constantine was proclaimed Augustus of the Roman Empire in 306 by Constantius’ troops after the latter had died, and following his elevation his mother was brought back to the public life in 312, returning to the imperial court. She appears in the Eagle Cameo portraying Constantine’s family, probably commemorating the birth of Constantine’s son Constantine II in the summer of 316. She received the title of Augusta in 325 and died around 330 with her son at her side. She was buried in the Mausoleum of Helena, outside Rome on the Via Labicana. Her sarcophagus is on display in the Pio-Clementine Vatican Museum, although the connection is often questioned, next to her is the sarcophagus of her granddaughter Saint Constantina (Saint Constance). Her skull is displayed in the Cathedral of Trier, in Germany.
Constantine appointed his mother Helena as Augusta Imperatrix, and gave her unlimited access to the imperial treasury in order to locate the relics of Judeo-Christian tradition. In 326-28 Helena undertook a trip to the Holy Places in Palestine. According to Eusebius of Caesarea she was responsible for the construction or beautification of two churches, the Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem, and the Church on the Mount of Olives, sites of Christ’s birth and ascension, respectively. Local founding legend attributes to Helena’s orders the construction of a church in Egypt to identify the Burning Bush of Sinai. The chapel at Saint Catherine’s Monastery—often referred to as the Chapel of Saint Helen—is dated to the year AD 330. Helena left Jerusalem and the eastern provinces in 327 to return to Rome, bringing with her large parts of the True Cross and other relics, which were then stored in her palace’s private chapel, where they can be still seen today. Her palace was later converted into the Basilica of the Holy Cross in Jerusalem. This has been maintained by Cistercian monks in the monastery which has been attached to the church for centuries. According to one tradition, Helena acquired the Holy Tunic on her trip to Jerusalem and sent it to Trier.
Early British and Anglo-Saxon history claimed that Helena was Briton. In Great Britain, later legend, mentioned by Henry of Huntingdon but made popular by Geoffrey of Monmouth, claimed that Helena was a daughter of the King of Britain, Cole of Colchester, who allied with Constantius to avoid more war between the Britons and Rome. Geoffrey further states that she was brought up in the manner of a queen, as she had no brothers to inherit the throne of Britain. The source for this may have been Sozomen’s Historia Ecclesiastica, which however does not claim Helena was British but only that her son Constantine picked up his Christianity there. Constantine was with his father when he died in York, but neither had spent much time in Britain.
The statement made by English chroniclers of the Middle Ages, according to which Helena was supposed to have been the daughter of a British prince, is entirely without historical foundation. It may arise from the similarly-named Welsh princess Saint Elen (alleged to have married Magnus Maximus and to have borne a son named Constantine) or from the misinterpretation of a term used in the fourth chapter of the panegyric on Constantine’s marriage with Fausta. The description of Constantine honoring Britain oriendo (lit. “from the outset”, “from the beginning”) may have been taken as an allusion to his birth (“from his beginning”) although it was actually discussing the beginning of his reign.
Before we leave the “blessed” St. Helena and her contributions to Trier, I have some last blasphemous thoughts on the woman… First of all, there are a few theories and speculations that she may have been involved or partially responsible for the death of daughter in law, Fausta. It has been said by some that it Helena who suggested the means of death for Fausta. From all accounts, Constantine was quite close, possibly overly attached to his Mother and would have listened to her advice. Add to Fausta’s immoral actions, the fact that she may have lied about Crispus and thereby been responsible for his fate. Prior to this event, there had never been any hint of ill feelings, disloyalty or mistrust between Constantine and Crispus. From all accounts, he seemed to be a much beloved and trusted son, and most likely- grandson. All I am suggesting is that the most saintly Helena may not have been so saintly in some of her own actions and feelings! That supposed Saintliness of this woman brings me to my last thought on her and Constantine. Interestingly and conveniently, it is also around this time that Helena is sent off on her tour of Christian lands.
Constantine and his Mother were, for much of their lives, pagans who did not discover or convert to Christianity until their later years. Constantine was one who, for the most part used the religion to his benefit or advantage. In his earlier years he promoted tolerance towards them mainly in order to keep the peace in his lands. That persecution business was a bloody, messy and expensive affair- best to avoid it if at possible. When it came to the point where Christianity was becoming quite popular and hard to control, he decided to take matters into his own hands… he chose to embrace it and thereby gain some control over it. One evidence of his using it to his own advantage and not necessarily being quite so firm in his inner beliefs was his refusal to be baptized until the end of his life. In postponing his baptism, he followed one custom at the time which postponed baptism until after infancy. It has been thought that Constantine put off baptism as long as he did so as to be absolved from as much of his sin as possible. In this way, what ever he had done prior to his baptism and acceptance of the one true God could not be used or held against him- either by God or by the earthly Christian Church! He spent many of his years as ruler trying to convince the Christians that he was on their side in order to gain control of the situation and the church. Constantine was an ultimate power broker and would have used any means within his personal arsenal, including his family… which his previous actions in dealing with wife and son proved.
Imagine if you will, this scenario… Constantine as Augustus of Rome is dealing with this whole Christianity situation and has to come up with some plan to really seal the deal in convincing the world of his sincerity. His Mother, Helena is residing at the family home with not a whole lot to do… She’s a highly devoted Mother- possibly overly devoted as Constantine is her only child. Besides all of his headaches of running the empire, he has a much younger wife and family to contend with as well. Helena is most likely not one to just sit idle, content or peaceful in her retirement years. She may be bored, and possibly a bit of an interfering Mother in law? Helena meddles in the family affairs one too many times and the result is disaster for the entire family- especially daughter in law Fausta and grandson Crispus. Shortly after all of this mess, Helena sent off on an extended vacation of sorts. Now, this whole sordid affair would have not put the family in such a good light with the Christians whom Constantine was trying to impress. He needs to make some serious amends and do something of such a great and grand level that the Christians are going to forget all about his messy little family scandal.
What he does is actually quite genius in terms of Public Relations repair. Constantine appointed his mother Helena as Augusta Imperatrix, and gave her unlimited access to the imperial treasury in order to locate the relics of Judeo-Christian tradition. In 326-28 Helena undertook a trip to the Holy Places in Palestine. According to Eusebius of Caesarea she was responsible for the construction or beautification of two churches, the Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem, and the Church on the Mount of Olives, sites of Christ’s birth and ascension, respectively. Local founding legend attributes to Helena’s orders the construction of a church in Egypt to identify the Burning Bush of Sinai. The chapel at Saint Catherine’s Monastery—often referred to as the Chapel of Saint Helen—is dated to the year AD 330. His act of sending his Mother off on this extended vacation/shopping trip was beyond successful in a variety of ways. First, it got Helena out of his hair for awhile so he could focus on immediate damage control. It showed and promoted the idea that Helena was a pious Christian woman and that if there was any doubt about her involvement in the scandal, she was willing to do pilgrimage to atone for her possible sins. Everyone completely forgot about that mess with Fausta and Crispus when Helena returned home a few years later laden with truly spectacular gifts for the Church. Those gifts included everything from parts of the “True Cross”, pieces of Jesus’ tunic, to nails of crucifixion, earth from the holy land and rope that held Jesus to the cross. Helena’s public relations tour proved even more successful than Constantine could ever have imagined or hoped for. Her gifts are viewed by some scholars as the introduction of idol worship and the beginnings of the mass marketing scheme of Relics! All of Constantine’s and Helena’s past indiscretions were quickly swept under the rug as the Church began to realize just how much wealth these gifts could bring if promoted in the right way.
Trier after Rome’s demise: From Augusta Treverorum to Treves
Unfortunately all good things eventually come to an end and Trier’s end could easily have come with the demise of the Roman Empire at the end of the fifth century. Roman Trier had been subjected to attacks by Germanic tribes from 350 onwards, but these had been repulsed by Emperor Julian. After the invasions of 407 the Romans were able to reestablish the Rhine frontier and hold northern Gaul tenuously until the end of the 450s, when control was finally lost to the Franks and local military commanders who claimed to represent central Roman authority. During this period Trier was captured by the Franks (possibly in 413 and 421), as well as by the Huns under Attila in 451. The city became definitively part of Frankish territory in 475. It is important to note here too that upon the city becoming a Frankish one, the name would have changed from Augusta Treverorum to Treves- the French or Frankish name for the city. As a result of the conflicts of this period, Trier’s population decreased from an estimated 80,000 in the 4th century to 5,000 at the beginning of the 6th century. This change of rulers and decrease in population did not reduce Trier’s importance or value and it did not bring about the end of Trier.
By the end of the 5th century, Trier was under Frankish rule, first controlled by the Merovingian dynasty, then by the Carolingians. As a result of the Treaty of Verdun in 843, by which the grandsons of Charlemagne divided his empire into three parts, Trier was incorporated into the Kingdom of Lorraine (Lotharingia). After the death of Lothair II, ruler of Lorraine, Trier in 870 became part of the East Frankish Empire, later called Germany, under Henry . Because of it’s connection to Helena and the early church, Trier was a valued and important Christian city for the devoutly Christian empires over the next centuries. When Constantine promoted tolerance and allowed for Christianity’s acceptance, he in some ways laid the foundation for Trier’s survival and revival in the later Frankish empire years. The Frankish empires would eventually found a great many more abbeys and monasteries within the city. And, the Frankish would add to the relics kept there as well. Benedictine abbey St. Matthias in the south of Trier. Here, the first three bishops of Trier, Eucharius, Valerius and Maternus are buried alongside the apostle Saint Matthias. This is the only tomb of an apostle to be located in Europe north of the Alps, thus making Trier together with Rome in Italy (burial place of St. Peter the apostle) and Santiago de Compostela in Spain (tomb of St. James) one of three major places of pilgrimage in Europe. By early in the 10th century, Trier would become somewhat of a Papal city in that it was under the direct control and guardianship of the Archbishops. In 902, The Archbishop of Trier was, as chancellor of Burgundy, one of the seven Electors of the Holy Roman Empire, a right which originated before the 12th century, and continued until the French Revolution. From the 10th century and throughout the Middle Ages, Trier made several attempts to achieve autonomy from the Archbishopric of Trier, but was ultimately unsuccessful. In 1212, the city received a charter from Emperor Otto IV, which was confirmed by Conrad IV. In 1309, however, it was forced to once again recognise the authority of the Archbishop, who was at that time the imposing Baldwin of Luxembourg, son of the Count of Luxemburg. The Church deemed Trier as a highly valued commodity and would go to great lengths to keep it under their jurisdiction and control.
The Vikings pay their visit to Trier!
Of course, we now already know of Trier’s importance and value to the church due to it’s connections to Constantine and Helena, but what might cause the Church to take such steps as to putting the city under it’s direct control, authority and protection? Ahhhh for that, you would have to know the events taking place during the years leading up to that control, those years that spelled disaster for so many cities. Those years would of course be the years of Viking raids, which so many of you are most interested in. I do want to take a moment here to note my appreciation for those of you have stuck through all of this extensive ancient history just to get to the part about the Vikings!
During the mid 800s, the Danes and Northmen offered Frankish residents some reprieve from raids as they were busy in their attempts to conquer England. Around 880, Alfred the Great was successful in brokering a treaty with Guthrum and peace was temporarily achieved in England. This event sent many of the Danes back across the sea to areas of Frankish domain. Where previously, they were content with quick grab and go ship raids, this time they returned as landsoldiers and were equipped with horses. Flanders took heavy blows (Gent, Terwaan, Atrecht, Kamerijk). Louis III defeated the Vikings in 881 near Saucourt at the river Somme. This battle was described in the Song of Ludwig (Ludwigslied). According to the Fulda Annals Louis’ army killed 9.000 Danes. Consequence of this was that the Vikings returned to Flanders and Dutch Limburg. From Asselt (north of Roermond) they raided towns in Germany (Cologne, Bonn) and Limburg (Liége, Tongeren). In their attack on Trier they were resisted by the bishops Wala and Bertulf of Trier and by count Adelhard of Metz. Following the Trier example other cities began to defend themselves effectively. While Trier did survive the attack in 881, much of the city (including most of the churches and abbeys) was destroyed. Because Trier’s Bishops were so instrumental in the city’s resistance and defense, they were probably looked on with much favor by the Pope and by one Carolingian Emperor who may be familiar to us as Vikings fans and followers. That would be Charles the Fat, not be confused with Charles the Bald or Charles the Simple… all of whom in combination probably make up the character of Charles in Hirst’s version of Viking history!
Charles the Fat (13 June 839 – 13 January 888), also known as Charles III, was the Carolingian Emperor from 881 to 888. The youngest son of Louis the German and Hemma, Charles was a great-grandson of Charlemagne and was the last Carolingian to rule over a united empire. Over his lifetime, Charles became ruler of the various kingdoms of Charlemagne’s former Empire. Granted lordship over Alamannia in 876 following the division of East Francia, he succeeded to the Italian throne upon the abdication of his older brother Carloman of Bavaria who had been incapacitated by a stroke. Crowned Emperor in 881 by Pope John VIII, his succession to the territories of his brother Louis the Younger (Saxony and Bavaria) the following year reunited East Francia. Upon the death of his cousin Carloman II in 884, he inherited all of West Francia, reuniting the entire Carolingian Empire. Usually considered lethargic and inept – he is known to have had repeated illnesses and is believed to have suffered from epilepsy – he twice purchased peace with Viking raiders, including at the famous siege of Paris in 885. Nevertheless, contemporary opinion of him was not nearly so negative as modern historiographical opinion. Purchasing peace back then was a fairly common and acceptable means of dealing with the Vikings and avoiding all out war with them.
The 885 siege of Paris referred to here would have been the siege that involved Rollo in history along with the leader of the attack, a man named Sigfred. According to historical accounts, In 885, a huge fleet led by Sigfred sailed up the Seine, for the first time in years, and besieged Paris. Sigfred demanded a bribe again, but this time Charles refused. He was in Italy at the time and Odo, Count of Paris, sneaked some men through enemy lines to seek his aid. Charles sent Henry of Saxony to Paris. In 886, as disease began to spread through Paris, Odo himself went to Charles to seek support. Charles brought a large army and encircled the army of Rollo and set up a camp at Montmartre. However, Charles had no intention of fighting. He sent the attackers up the Seine to ravage Burgundy, which was in revolt. When the Vikings withdrew from France next spring, he gave them 700 pounds of promised silver. Charles’ prestige in France was greatly diminished. What is important in this above account is the mention that Sigfred demands a bribe again. This would suggest or imply that Charles was already familiar with Sigfred and had dealt with him previously. It is that previous involvement that leads us back to the lowlands and Trier.
We need to go to back to the Viking attacks of 881 which included the attack on Trier in order to find that previous connection to Sigfred and perhaps even Rollo as well if Rollo was traveling with Sigfred’s raiding parties for any length of time. Reminder here- this is the Rollo of history, not Hirst’s version of Rollo!
In the early 880s, the remnants of the Great Heathen Army, defeated by Alfred the Great at the Battle of Ethandun in 878, began to settle in the Low Countries. Charles held an assembly at Worms with the purpose of dealing with the Vikings. The army of the whole of East Francia was assembled in the summer under Arnulf, Duke of Carinthia, and Henry, Count of Saxony. The chief Viking camp was besieged at Asselt. Not long after Charles opened negotiations with the Viking chiefs, Godfrey and Sigfred. Godfrey accepted Christian baptism and agreed to become Charles’s vassal. He was married to Gisela, daughter of Lothair II. Sigfred was bribed off. Despite the insinuations of some modern chroniclers, no contemporary account criticises Charle’s actions during this campaign.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_the_Fat
Godfried choose to stay. He became a vassal of the emperor and, after being baptized, married Gisela, daughter of Lothar II, the first king of Lorraine. Siegfried was paid off with 2.000 punds silver and gold and took off to the north with 200 ships. The emperor Charles felt threatened by Godfried and his (Godfried’s) brother in law Hugo (who was Gisela’s brother). In June 885 Godfried was invited for talks in Spijk, near Lobith. This turned out to be a conspiracy and Godfried was murdered. Hugo was made blind and transferred for the rest of his life to the monastery of Prüm. Here the monk Regino wrote the story of his downfall.
http://www.viking.no/e/netherland/index.html
In looking at these two events, we can now see the connection between Sigfred and Charles. We can also see a reason why Sigfred may have chosen to attack Paris in 885… possibly partially for revenge on what had happened to his partner, Godfried, and perhaps with the assumption that Charles would again pay him off to leave. In that assumption, Sigfred was partially correct- it just took longer than expected. The attack began in November of 885 and dragged on until around May of 886. Both sides suffered great losses- more from illness than actual fighting. Morale was low on both sides. Sigfred decided to cut his losses. He asked for 60 lbs of silver and left the siege in April. Rollo and his men remained and continued the battle through the summer when Charles finally returned, not to fight but to encourage Rollo and his army to move on to Burgundy which was in revolt at the time and would provide much easier conquest. When Rollo finally decided to leave France the next spring, Charles paid him 700 lbs of silver which he had promised the earlier summer. I would assume or guess that Charles just needed additional time to come up with the payment so he sent Rollo off to greener pastures while he set about collecting the money to get rid of him. It was shortly after these events that Charles and the Carolingian dynasty began to fall apart! Odo would eventually get his chance at ruling (it would not last long!) Another Charles would take the throne, and Rollo would return for another more successful campaign… as far as we know, Sigfred retired somewhere to enjoy his shares of plunder and riches.
Trier survives and prospers under protection of the Church whether they want to or not!
Trier survived the Viking attacks and the fall of the Carolingian Dynasty as well by remaining attached to the church and the Holy Roman Empire though it made numerous attempts to disentangle itself and gain independent autonomy. In retrospect looking back at all of the turmoil of the medieval years, they were probably better off being under that protection of the Church and Papal authorities. It allowed the city to prosper well into the middle ages and beyond. In 1309, Archbishop Baldwin of Luxemburg was given control of the city and although he was extremely young at the time, only 22, he was the most important Archbishop and Prince-Elector of Trier in the Middle Ages. He was the brother of the German King and Emperor Henry VII and his grandnephew Charles would later become German King and Emperor as Charles IV. He used his family connections to add considerable territories to the Electorate of Trier and is also known to have built many castles in the region. When he died in 1354, Trier was a prospering city.
The city would remain prosperous and under control of the church and Holy Roman Empire until the 1600s when the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648),set in motion more than two centuries of warfare for Trier as well as other parts of what is now Germany. From that point on, Trier would find itself besieged and battled over. During the thirty years war it was occupied several times by French troops. They besieged and occupied Trier in 1632, 1645, 1673 (the French Army stayed until 1675 and destroyed all churches, abbeys and settlements in front of the city walls for military reasons; the city itself was heavily fortified).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Trier
I hope that you’ve enjoyed the visit to ancient Trier and learned something more about it’s many connections to history!
Ahhhh finally, we put the previous tragedies and terrors of late behind us for now and head for the city of Paris. That city which the Seer refers to in his prophecies…
If you remember, the Seer gave prophecies of this city as well as a few other insights that we must consider at this time. He told Ragnar, “Not the living but the dead will conquer Paris, and the Princess shall crown the Bear, which does not bode well for you Ragnar Lothbrok.” His message to Rollo was quite similar, “The Princess will crown the Bear and you shall be there to see it.” These were as usual cryptic unclear messages which caused everyone much thought and debate. Obviously, something good is going to happen to someone during this time because the Seer also assured Rollo that if he knew what the Gods had in store for him, he would dance naked with joy on the beach! Just on a personal thought, I should like very much to be dancing with Rollo on that beach…
The puzzling question comes to mind of who the “Bear” is? I have mentioned previously that Bjorn might be a possibility as his name literally translates in Norse to Bear, and he does eventually become a King of Sweden in history. We know little else about his history so it’s possible that he will meet his princess… I do not think his destiny lies with Porunn. I have stated this before. His affair with Porunn was that of two young people experiencing their first tastes of lust and mistaking it for love. I think Porunn realizes this and she keeps insisting that Bjorn will be happier without her. Many assume that this is just her overwrought emotions and irrational thoughts coming out… but, I think perhaps in this one aspect, she is thinking clearly. She knows in her heart that she and Bjorn do not belong together despite sharing a child. Perhaps she is being more honest than we credit her for? Her fate and her destiny are not with Bjorn and she knows it, as much as it hurts her to face it.
While the rest of us headed toward Paris, Porunn was left at home in Kattegat with Aslaug. She struggled with Motherhood and possibly, the thought of raising a child on her own, if as she was so insistent upon, Bjorn would leave her. She did not voice this fear but it could have been part of what caused her rash attempt to give her daughter to Aslaug. Now, I have made it clear from the beginning that I am not a fan of Aslaug, but in this instance Aslaug spoke with clear determination and lectured Porunn on Motherhood. She gave wise words of advice to the girl.
Aslaug tried to be patient but reminded Porunn that she was the child’s Mother and needed to be there for her. She told Porunn that her thinking was selfish, that her daughter needs her! She also tried to remind Porunn to think of Bjorn, Bjorn loves you.
Aslaug spoke of a woman’s harsh and difficult burden in life. “But, you must remember that the Gods determine our fate. Pray to Freya to bring you comfort as she does for me.”
No, I do not believe Bjorn’s destiny is with Porunn, though he will always care about her. His destiny may lie with Torvi, who has herself suffered the bitter and difficult burdens of a woman’s life. Torvi who was once married to much older Jarl Borg, had to share him with his dead wife’s skull, then watch as he was executed for his betrayal of Ragnar. Torvi who bore a child on her own after her husband’s death and then was most probably married to young Erlandeur against her will. Torvi, who is in a unhappy and dangerous marriage now and most likely suffers abuse at Erlandeur’s hand… But, as Torvi states, “I will not be left behind, I am Viking!” Torvi endures her burden with comp
|
||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
3
| 56
|
https://thealexandrian.net/wordpress/83/reviews/what-im-reading-5-stars-my-destination-the-demolished-man
|
en
|
The Alexandrian » What I’m Reading #5 – Stars My Destination
|
[
"https://www.thealexandrian.net/buttons/Logo.jpg",
"https://www.thealexandrian.net/reviews/wir/wir005a-starsmydestination.jpg",
"https://www.thealexandrian.net/reviews/wir/wir005b-demolishedman.jpg",
"https://thealexandrian.net/images/default-related-image.jpg",
"https://thealexandrian.net/images/default-related-image.jpg",
"https://thealexandrian.net/images/default-related-image.jpg",
"https://www.thealexandrian.net/buttons/rss.jpg",
"https://thealexandrian.net/images/logo-youtube.png",
"https://www.thealexandrian.net/images/logo-twitch.png",
"https://www.thealexandrian.net/images/logo-discord.png",
"https://thealexandrian.net/images/logo-newsletter.png",
"https://www.thealexandrian.net/images/patreon5.jpg",
"https://www.thealexandrian.net/images/award-ennies-silver-small.jpg",
"https://www.thealexandrian.net/images/logo-featured-product.jpg",
"https://www.thealexandrian.net/images/featured-thumb-so-you-want-to-be-a-game-master.png",
"https://www.thealexandrian.net/images/bibliography-technoir-kepler-station.jpg",
"https://www.thealexandrian.net/images/dreammachine-logo-wordpress.jpg",
"https://www.thealexandrian.net/images/logo-ll-small.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Alfred Bester is one of those authors that I’ve been aware of for a long time, but who never quite made it onto my To Read List: His name would come up in a discussion or article, but my interest wa
|
en
|
https://thealexandrian.net/wordpress/wp-content/themes/alexandrian-theme/favicon.ico
|
https://thealexandrian.net/wordpress/83/reviews/what-im-reading-5-stars-my-destination-the-demolished-man
|
Alfred Bester is one of those authors that I’ve been aware of for a long time, but who never quite made it onto my To Read List: His name would come up in a discussion or article, but my interest was never quite piqued enough, or a copy of the book never found its way in front of my eyes in a timely fashion, and he would sink back into the mental noise of my consciousness.
Then, a couple of weeks ago, the stars aligned themselves in the heavens, Bester again came to my attention, and – lo and behold – I discovered used copies of The Stars My Destination and The Demolished Man on the shelves of Uncle Hugo’s here in Minneapolis, MN.
Wow. I’ve been missing out.
Three things about Bester stand out to me:
First, his use of what I must call, for lack of a better term, casual detail. Bester will seamlessly drop a staggeringly original idea into a paragraph, casually passing it by as if it were no more remarkable than the mention of an automobile in a novel of today. The effect is that of a novel written in the far future, not merely taking place there. It’s a technique which was pioneered by Heinlein, but Bester presents it in a perfected form.
Second, the fact that these are – at their core – incredibly powerful character dramas. They have all the strength and pathos of a Greek or Shakespearean tragedy, while simultaneously being driven by a fast-paced, tautly-plotted action-adventure. The result is a reading experience which is not only compelling and addictive, but tremendously powerful. The depth with which the characters are drawn, and the sheer emotional extremity of their circumstance, leaves a lasting impression on your mind and soul.
Finally, the astonishing originality and scope of his ideas. Unlike this contemporaries, Bester is not content to simply choose one or two or ten different ideas with which to build his future. Instead, he uses dozens, spinning them out one after another in an incredibly dense, breath-taking vista. Nor is his cascade a random cornucopia of creativity: Each idea is a facet painstakingly set within an imagined epoch, carefully revealed not only to deepen the setting, but to further the story.
To see this depth and mastery in a piece of 1950s science fiction is astonishing. Bester was incredibly ahead of his time. It would take nearly a decade after the publication of The Stars My Destination before science fiction, as a field, began tentatively taking steps to explore in the directions Bester had already intuitively mapped out. It would take nearly thirty years before the genre showed serious signs of actually catching up to Bester, and even today – nearly fifty years after its publication – The Stars My Destination continues to exist on the cutting edge.
In fact, if I didn’t already know who Alfred Bester was, I would have been terribly excited at discovering a new, cutting edge author after finishing The Stars My Destination. It is the only novel from the 1950’s that I feel could have been written yesterday: The setting reads like a post-cyberpunk novel, and the main character reads like a protagonist from Iain Banks or Stephen Donaldson.
That’s an incredible accomplishment. And the result are books which are exciting to read in any case, and shockingly revelatory when read within their historical context.
After reading these books, one is left to wonder what science fiction would have been like if Bester hadn’t left the field shortly after the publication of The Stars My Destination in 1956. I detect a definite pre-Bester vs. post-Bester watershed in the genre, and I think that if one were to carefully trace out the earliest whispers of the New Wave movement, one would find those whispers firmly rooted in the soil of Bester’s work. Would Bester’s continued work in the field, therefore, have quickened that development? Would Bester have served as a catalyst for a revolution? And, if so, how would that revolution have differed from the one Harlan Ellison catalyzed with Dangerous Visions?
Unfortunately, such ponderings are lost to history – just as Bester was lost to Holiday magazine for the better part of two decades. Perhaps it is an alternate history tale for Michael Burstein to tell.
I have it on Good Authority(TM) that the books Bester wrote upon returning to the SF field in the 1970’s do not compare with these early masterpieces. That’s unfortunate. I plan to give them a shot at some point, anyway, starting with The Computer Connection (since that turned up on the used shelf recently, too).
GRADES:
THE STARS MY DESTINATION: A+
HE DEMOLISHED MAN: A+
|
|||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
0
| 15
|
https://greatwarfiction.wordpress.com/2017/06/07/in-pursuit-of-rollo-balmain-and-sara-mignon/
|
en
|
In pursuit of Rollo Balmain and Sara Mignon
|
[
"https://greatwarfiction.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/rosa-mignon.jpg?w=245&h=325",
"https://greatwarfiction.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/balmain-death-notice.jpg?w=243&h=99",
"https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/c6e83b940b7cf088e908520f3d7316cd05e5b79bd566a0b69aa325fada1af72d?s=32&d=monsterid&r=PG",
"https://2.gravatar.com/avatar/8004736b085865c3ebf64d73decf953375246fffbd60f79919c4a5d9a39ba717?s=32&d=monsterid&r=PG",
"https://greatwarfiction.files.wordpress.com/2019/11/rose-cover-small.jpg?w=200",
"https://formalwords.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/cropped-ze-potcake-logo.jpg?w=16",
"https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/?s=16&d=monsterid&r=PG",
"https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/118fa588dff4b29f939c27c1c7bf46ffa0e817430b36a0d80d241389c9efe1e0?s=16&d=monsterid&r=PG",
"https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/118fa588dff4b29f939c27c1c7bf46ffa0e817430b36a0d80d241389c9efe1e0?s=16&d=monsterid&r=PG",
"https://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a5917fe578a13571872388f27b0a8d72a05f8667ca9b30bf47adc3571160dd95?s=16&d=monsterid&r=PG",
"https://i0.wp.com/creativecommons.org/images/public/somerights20.png",
"https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/915ac8c10d45b671f529865db028a00794938cd8a756ea34d8c1e6fa3632ad90?s=96&d=monsterid&r=PG",
"https://faq.files.wordpress.com/2006/05/wp-button-7.gif",
"https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png",
"https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/a5ZXb61-BQw?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2017-06-07T00:00:00
|
Recently I’ve being trying to find out everything I can about a rather obscure pair of playwrights. They are Rollo Balmain and Sara Mignon, authors of Are We Downhearted? and A Sailor’s Love, both staged in 1915. Rollo Balmain alone is credited with A British Soldier, a topical play that hit the stage in September…
|
en
|
https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico
|
Great War Fiction
|
https://greatwarfiction.wordpress.com/2017/06/07/in-pursuit-of-rollo-balmain-and-sara-mignon/
|
Recently I’ve being trying to find out everything I can about a rather obscure pair of playwrights. They are Rollo Balmain and Sara Mignon, authors of Are We Downhearted? and A Sailor’s Love, both staged in 1915. Rollo Balmain alone is credited with A British Soldier, a topical play that hit the stage in September 1914, just six or seven weeks after the declaration of war.
My research is part of the Recovering First World War Theatre project, organised by Dr Helen Brooks of the University of Kent. She and her assiduous team have gone through the vast store of plays in the archive of the Lord Chamberlain (His office read every play about to performed in a public theatre in Britain, and allowed or disallowed the scripts, or demanded cuts and changes. This system of pre-censorship persisted until 1968.) They have noted all the scripts applying for licenses between 1914 and 1918, and have discovered that a large number of these deal with the war. In each of the years of the war, at least a quarter of the scripts make some dramatic use of the war (and a huge number of them are spy plays).
I have joined the crowd of volunteers who are now trying to find out about the performance histories of the plays, and about the lives of the playwrights. For the purposes of the project, the most crucial fact is the date of the playwright’s death, because this determines whether or not the script is in the public domain, and can therefore be legally published online by the project.
I was struck by the exotic names of Rollo Balmain and Rosa Mignon, and I liked the Lord Chamberlain’s reader’s summary of Balmain’s play, A British Soldier, licensed in September 1914:
This is a crude and violent military melodrama of the day. Its hero is a gallant trooper who, while acting as secretary to a Colonel, just before the declaration of war, is falsely accused of the usual plan-theft, really committed by a German spy. The trooper, permitted to go to the front to redeem his honour, performs prodigies of valour in Belgium on behalf of the girl he loves and in defiance of her other admirers, the German spy, under whose orders her grandfather is shot in accordance with the new rules of Prussian warfare. Of this latter there is much denunciation in the newspaper style of the moment. There comes a moment when the eloquent Britishers and suffering Belgians seem likely to come to a disastrous end, which is, however, averted through the bravery of the hero in summoning, at peril of his life, a British ‘armoured train’ which, in the nick of time, saves the remarkable situation. The play is sound in patriotic purpose if weak in dramatic execution.
I wondered who Balmain and Mignon might be, and also wondered about their reasons for writing this play so early in the war. Was it an outpouring of patriotism, or a shrewd cashing-in on topicality? Or a bit of both? And I also wondered why I couldn’t find references to performances of this play, but could find an account of Are We Downhearted? by Balmain and Mignon, presented in Manchester in February 1915, but seemingly absent from the Chamberlain’s archive of plays examined. What follows is an indication of my findings so far; it is a work in progress, and I may well be updating it as time goes by and I discover more.
I started hunting for the pair in online sources. I discovered that David Frederick Balmain was born in Wolstanton in 1856. I’ve not yet discovered when he became ‘Rollo’. So far the earliest theatrical reference I’ve found (though I shall be searching further back) is in 1886. At Sanger’s Ampitheatre on the Westminster Bridge Road (a theatre mostly used for circuses and spectaculars) there is a performance of a play that originated in America: Hazel Kirke. Sara Mignon plays Hazel, and Rollo Balmain her father. The plot is classic melodrama: Kirke casts his daughter out of the house because she will not marry the man of his choice, then regrets it when he goes blind. He wants reconciliation, but it is too late – she dies. The Stage reviewer admired the dignity of Rollo Balmain’s performance: ‘[His] acting is of the highest order where, hearing his daughter’s drowning voice, he struggles to go to her rescue, but is unable to do so through his blindness’
Sara Mignon was only a few years younger than Rollo Balmain, but here, as often in her career, she is cast as his daughter. Sara Mignon was not her real name. She was born Sarah Elizabeth Prosser in 1868, so would have been about eighteen when she took the part of Hazel Kirke. Here is a photo of her that was probably taken early in her career. Is she prettiest playwright in the Recovering First World War Theatre database? I’d bet money on it.
In 1887, Rollo Balmain and Rosa Mignon married.
Melodrama was Rollo Balmain’s favoured genre; In 1887, he was acting in Sunderland, in Secrets of the Police, which has a promising plot: The son of police superintendent commits a murder, for which an Innocent man sent to gallows. There is a condemned cell scene, and things are saved by a last-minute confession. It’s a plot that would work well in one of our present-day melodramatic TV crime serials, like Line of Duty.
When the production went to Scotland, a Glasgow paper ‘The Chiel’ condemned the play as ‘malignantly immoral’ and containing frequent abominations’. Balmain sued for libel, suggesting an attack on his personal morality. (Maybe sensitive because a member of his company had been charged with molesting an eleven year old girl in Birmingham?) I haven’t been able to find out the result of the court case.
Balmain was an actor-manager, and one show of his that I would really like to have seen was Esmerelda. This was a musical spoof of The Hunchback of Notre Dame, starring the great music-hall star Little Tich as Quasimodo. The show featured a burlesque centrepiece which required Little Tich to dress as a ballerina and sing “Smiles” and “I Could Do, Could Do, Could Do with a Bit”. Little Tich was an extraordinary performer. Here is a film of him on the music hall stage, doing his celebrated Big Boots dance.
Rollo Balmain’s career was certainly busy and varied. In August 1892 he was presenting Offenbach’s operetta The Princess of Trebizonde in Northampton. In November of that year, he took over The Princess’s Theatre in Oxford Street, London, which was known for its melodramas. His first production there sounds very obnoxious: Charles Hermann’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin Combination. This was a musical/comic version of the story that played the cruelty for laughs and made fun of the black characters.
He continued in this varied vein through the 1890s and the first decade of the twentieth century. Usually he is an actor, sometimes an actor-manager. Sometimes he is running a theatre. In 1901 The Stage announces that The Victoria, Walthamstow will re-open as the King’s, under the direction of Rollo Balmain. The 1901 census shows him and his wife Sara living at Hatherley Road Walthamstow.
At Walthamstow he presented melodramas with titles like like The Fatal Card, but
I’m not sure how long he stayed there. 1903 finds him and Sara touring in a one-act play that formed part of a music-hall bill (a step down in status for the actor manager used to running his own theatre?). The play was Purgatory, and sensational (too sensational for some tastes).
In it, Rollo Balmain played a Catholic priest, Father Sebastian, who in his less holy youth had ruined a woman. The play shows him visited by Pearl Valette, (played by Sara Mignon) a notorious demi-mondiane. She tempts him to sin, but he resists her. She poisons him, and it is revealed that she is what became of the innocent girl he ruined.
The play caused controversy. After its first performance at Collins’s Music Hall in London, the manager withdrew it on the grounds that it was ‘immoral’. Balmain took this as a slight on his character and sued; he won £21 damages.
Though the early years of the twentieth century, his career remained varied. He can be found managing a theatre in Barrow-in Furness, and mounting pantomimes like Cinderella, but he was also (in 1913) acting in Troilus and Cressida at Stratford-upon-Avon under the direction of William Poel, the director who, with Granville Barker, was pioneering a new direct style of presenting Shakespeare, free from the clutter of Victorian scenic effects. There are cheeky comments in the the theatrical gossip column of the magazine Judy, by ‘Call-Boy’, referring to his broadening figure and calling him ‘Roly-Poly’. He seems to have moved into character parts rather than straight dramatic ones.
Rollo Balmain even appeared in a couple of early films, the most notable of which seems to have been Humanity: or Only a Jew. This tells the story of a Jewish gambler who saves a man from suicide; when the rescued man then shoots his friend and seduces his wife, the Jew shoots him. Strong dramatic stuff. As well as acting in the film, the resourceful Balmain seems to have dabbled in the production side of the cinema as well. The Stage tells us: ‘John Lawson’s Humanity has been filmed, the arrangements being carried through by Mr Rollo Balmain, who has secured a number of well-known plays and novels to be produced as “exclusives”’
The first evidence I’ve found of Balmain as a playwright is in December 1912, when the Woolwich Theatre presented Monte Cristo by Rollo Balmain ‘a new stage version of Dumas’ novel, in eight scenes, by Rollo Balmain.’ (In this production Balmain himself acted the part of the imprisoned Abbé who gives the hero the secret of the Monte Cristo treasure).
So he had tried his hand at playwriting, or at least at adaptation. But how did A British Soldier come about? How, especially, was he able to respond so quickly to the declaration of war, getting a ply on stage just six weeks later?
Gordon Williams, in his British Theatre in the Great War: A Revaluation (London: Continuum, 2003) provides an answer. He explains that this play was a symptom of the theatre of 1914’s ‘… wild scamper after topicality, and sometimes a lack of scruple about how it was achieved’:
Rollo Balmain’s A British Soldier, given at Walsall as a piece treating recent events on the Western Front, was virtually Hal Collier’s play of the same title written during the Boer War, which Balmain had ‘produced and toured’ at that time.
A British Soldier may have been presented at Walsall, but I’ve not found any reviews of it yet. What I have found is a review in The Stage for Feb 4th 1915, of Are We Downhearted? by Rollo Balmain and Sara Mignon at the Junction Theatre, Manchester. This title does not appear to be included in the scrupulously researched spreadsheet of the Recovering First World War Theatre project, so what is happening? The answer, I think, is that this is even more scampering after topicality. The Stage review gives a plot description which is recognizably that of A British Soldier, but the play has not only gained a new author, it has been given a new title to tie in with the great popular hit song of the time. (The new title is justified by the last moments of the play, when the lovers are re-united and the curtain falls to the defiant cry of ‘Are we downhearted?’ Did the audience answer ‘No!’ in unison? I hope so.)
In theory, any changes to a play script should have meant a re-submission to the Lord Chamberlain’s office. Maybe Balmain and Mignon thought they could get away with it if the changes were slight; or maybe there is something in the Lord Chamberlain’s correspondence files that would shed more light on the matter. I’ll have to see what I can discover.
The Stage’s reviewer thought the company presenting the play ‘most competent’ and decided that it ‘should run successfully during the period of the War.’
The play did have a stage career, but not without being changed yet again. A couple of months later we read another Stage review of Are We Downhearted?:
From the practised pens of Rollo Balmain and Sara Mignon. Produced in seven scenes at the Junction Manchester on February 1, this piece, with dialogue written up considerably since the original production by means of references to events that have occurred quite recently, is being presented in three acts, twice nightly, at the Elephant this week, where the final scene of a British victory, with the hero shouting out the inspiriting title, has its effect enhanced by the brave show of khaki provide on stage by the gallant lads stationed in South London.
At a time when there was a certain resistance to actors appearing in khaki on stage, and when white feathers were often displayed in the Stalls to young men whom some audience members considered should have been at the Front, the use of genuine ‘gallant lads’ (probably Kitchener recruits in training?) as extras would have forestalled criticism. Once again, any changes to the script should have been passed to the Lord Chamberlain for approval. Were they? I’ll try to find out.
By September, Balmain and Mignon had yet another topical melodrama on the stage, this time offering to deal with the Eastern campaign that had caught the public’s imagination because it seemed to offer an alternative to the bloody stalemate on the Western Front. The play was A Sailor’s Love: A Story of the Dardanelles, and it premiered in Plymouth, a naval town where enthusiasm for the Senior Service was likely to go down well.
The review in The Stage notes that the plot is ‘conceived on lines which are familiar to followers of sensational drama’ – a polite way of saying that the play squeezes in most of the standard tropes of the nautical melodrama. Not even the title, A Sailor’s Love, is original. Frederick Mantell soon wrote to The Stage, complaining:
‘I would be obliged if you would give publicity to the fact that a playlet by this name was written and produced by me at the late Royal, Kilbride, as far back as 1901, and was duly noted in your paper at the time. The piece in question (with Miss Louie Freear in the principal part) was toured by me all last year […] and on many occasions previously.’
Judging from the Stage review, the story of the play is roughly this: Commodore David Wayne, wounded, is recuperating, and visits Torbay, where he renews his acquaintance with the lovely Dora, the daughter of a wealthy shipowner. He proposes and is accepted. He does not know that she has also aroused the passion of Captain von Luff, a German commanding the Turkish navy, who has donned the disguise of a yachtsman while directing the activities of submarines in the Irish Channel. Dora has scornfully rejected von Luff, which of course only inflames his desire.
Dora’s father wants to man the star of the East, a ship heading to the East, but in wartime finds it hard to raise a crew. Von Luff steps in to help, and provides him with sailors who are in his own evil employ.
David Mayne is commanded East to the Dardanelles, and takes a berth on Dora’s father’s ship. Dora, as is natural to a heroine of melodrama, wants to accompany him. Her father refuses her request to travel on the Star of the East, so she and her maid dress up in naval uniform and get aboard as wireless operators.
When the ship is clear of port, von Luff shows his hand and takes over the ship. Dora’s father is placed in irons, and Mayne is condemned to death by a mockery of a court-martial. He is made to walk the plank.
Then follows what must have been the dramatic highlight of the piece. Tom Bateson (a sailor still loyal to the owner) the Stage describes it:
Notwithstanding that his hands are bound, suceeds in getting himself free, seizes a sword from one of the alien crew, fights his way to the ship’s side, jumps overboard sword in hand, comes up with Commander Mayne, severs the cord that binds him, which enables him to swim, and both are picked up by a British submarine which happens to be passing at the right moment. Upon their rescue the first act closes.
The second act happens somewhere near the Dardanelles. Captain von Luff takes Dora and her maid to his eastern wife, Cosima. She is told that they must not escape. The setting presumably evokes the idea of a harem (‘A Eunuch’ is listed among the dramatis personae) Von Luff has not, of course, told his wife of his lecherous designs upon Dora. When Dora tells Cosima the story of her capture, the eastern beauty’s heart melts, and she decides to help her. Hearing that her father is imprisoned in the Ruined Mosque, Dora goes to try to free him. Von Luff returns, realises that Dora has escaped and that his wife has betrayed him, and strangles her.
Dora frees her father, but they realise that their enemies are in pursuit. Von Luff’s men surround them, and fighting ensues. Dora’s father has just one bullet left in his pistol, and decides to use it to shoot Dora, so that she will be spared a fate worse than death.
But just in time Commander Mayne appears, and all ends well.
The Stage describes the play as ‘ by no means lacking in exciting incidents’, and records that’It certainly found favour with the audience that filled the house from floor to ceiling at the opening performance’
Yet I’m having trouble finding details of further performances, and after this Balmain and Mignon seem to have co-authored no more plays.
I suspect that history may have been to blame. The play was presumably written in the summer of 1915, during the height of enthusiasm for the Dardanelles campaign. By September there were signs that it was faltering badly, and before the end of the year the retreat had begun.
This is the trouble with writing topical plays; you can be overtaken by events.
While Balmain and Mignon seem to have attempted no more large-scale topical melodramas. Balmain continued to express his patriotism in the theatre. In 1916 The Stage records:
Rollo Balmain, the well-known actor, is at the bottom of the Empire, Shoreditch bill this week, and is meeting with great success with his recital of a satire entitled ‘Germany’ and a patriotic sequel called ‘Real British Grit’. Both pieces have been written by John F. Lambe, to music arranged by J.W. Johnson, and are spiritedly rendered by Mr Balmain to a series of cartoon slides by Will True. The act, which is presented by J.T.P. Roach, is one that should be highly successful in these stirring times.
I’ve found references to further performances of the monologues, so they presumably answered the public taste.
Rollo Balmain was a busy actor. In 1916 he appeared as an Anglican bishop in Israel Zangwill’s playlet ‘The Moment Before’ , a ‘psychical melodrama’ that formed part of a variety bill, first at Plymouth, then at the London Palladium and elsewhere. In 1918 and 1919 he was busy presenting a production of The Misleading Lady (a comedy in which he played the part of Boney, a lunatic who thinks that he is Napoleon).
Rollo Balmain died in 1920, aged 63. Sara Mignon followed him in 1922.
Here is the brief notice of Balmain’s death that appeared in The Stage:
A similar notic appeared in the American showbiz magazine Billboard, as well.
Rollo Balmain and Sara Mignon must have given entertainment to vast numbers during their careers. But theirs is the kind of theatre that rarely makes it into histories of the drama. Bernard Shaw’s collected reviews in Our Theatre in the Nineties cast scorn on all sorts of inadequate and hackneyed theatrical performances, but Rollo Balmain’s name is not in the index. Following their career shows the life of busy professional actors, generally in work, mostly in the provinces, needing to be versatile and opportunistic, taking all kinds of work in all kinds of places.
So were their plays signs of opportunism or patriotism? The former was definitely a factor, as they grabbed topical opportunities to present melodramas given new urgency by the times, even though they made no connection with the war’s actuality. Yet I’d wager that patriotism was there as a motive, too. Just as modern actors often like to think they are making a political statement by the parts they play, so too Balmain and Mignon would have been able to argue that by boosting morale they were doing their bit for the war effort. Their son Augustus, by the way, who trained and qualified as a doctor, was a lieutenant in the RAMC.
This is a work in progress, and I shall be adding to it. Any further information about the Balmains or their work will be gladly received.
|
||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
2
| 11
|
https://ansible.uk/writing/bester.html
|
en
|
Alfred Bester
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null |
Tenser, said the Tensor.
Tenser, said the Tensor.
Tension, apprehension and dissension have begun.
I was much impressed by the mind-block jingle used by Ben Reich in The Demolished Man to screen his thoughts from telepathic police. I was instantly convinced that emanations from my own sewer-of-consciousness must be steaming out into enemy airspace. I was about thirteen....
The gangling Langford of those days was morbidly keen on personal privacy in which to do alienated, existential things like reading SF magazines. Privacy was in short supply: even after midnight, parental shock-troops would burst through the door to confiscate one's torch and battered old serialization of The Stars My Destination. (Overall, Alfred Bester had an exceedingly bad effect on me.) And now even thoughts weren't safe. Tension, apprehension and dissension....
I mercifully don't remember just how seriously I took it, but there was an embarrassing scrap of supporting evidence: other people did eavesdrop on what I thought were thoughts. A tendency to clarify thinking by muttering under my breath was sabotaged by my hearing problem. In the vernacular, I couldn't hear myself think. But all too often my mother could.
For years and years after this alarming perceptual breakthrough, my brain still carried the scars. These took the form of a mental subprogram which on detection of deeply shameful thoughts would burst into distracting song... not usually Tenser, said the Tensor but some extract from what you might call the Nerd's Garden of Verse: poems quoted in my favourite literature. If like pubescent me you read nothing but SF, the resulting thoat's-eye view of English poesy is hard to shake off. (I knew Swinburne was a terrifically major poet, because millions of SF writers swiped the same lines from The Garden of Proserpine. Conversely, by the same implacable yardstick, Wordsworth and Yeats and Auden and Eliot weren't up to much. Hardly anyone quoted them.)
Later on, as school and university went by, I grew less keen on being an Outsider. Those thick invisible walls between my thoughts and yours are difficult enough to signal through, even without angry young poses of aloofness and alienation. Spike Milligan's throwaway line "His thoughts, few that they were, lay silent in the privacy of his head" is funny and too true. Thoughts lie too silent; they lose too much when fumblingly translated into words.
This not very profound insight might have come sooner if at the time I'd ever read anything but SF. It provoked a whole sequence of unpublished skiffy stories, lumbering metaphors of emotion and communication. As they used to say at the Pieria writers' group, "God, not another chunk of Langford sex-perversion-and-telepathy!" I meant to quote from one here, but the mere recollection of their literary value starts me thinking, very hastily, tension, apprehension and dissension have begun... tension, apprehension and dissension have begun....
The Editor My Destination
It is not often that I pick up an issue of Quantum and cry aloud, 'You bastard, Arthur Haupt!' But this man's compulsively detailed discussion of Alfred Bester's The Stars My Destination (alias Tiger! Tiger!) in issue 42 did rather cut the ground from under a tiny piece I'd been planning, on the question of just what is the definitive version of the typographical special effects in that fabled synaesthesia sequence. According to me, the indications are that no published text has ever featured the entirety of what Bester wanted.
The much-reprinted British edition Tiger! Tiger! has stayed more or less unchanged since the Sidgwick and Jackson hardback of 1956, through subsequent paperbacks by Panther, Penguin and Mandarin (and a 1984 hardback in the short-lived Goodchild 'SF Alternatives' series of classics). It still regularly tops All-Time Best SF Novel polls here. Unhappily, this setting of the book simply leaves out all visual effects which are even slightly difficult to handle in type. Even the male and female symbols in the names of the Scientific People were too much trouble. Phrases like 'RED RECEDED FROM HIM ... GREEN LIGHT ATTACKED ... INDIGO UNDULATED WITH SHUDDERING SPEED' are not shown in lettering that grows, shrinks or wiggles, but in plain small capitals. The little bits of artwork for 'a scintillating mist ... a snowflake cluster of stars ... a shower of liquid diamonds' are simply omitted – though they did have a go at the 'strand of cool pearls', with a wobbly line of small O's.
What caught my eye way back in the 1970s was that even without knowledge of US versions, the British text has two blatant omissions. Two paragraphs in the 'synaesthesia' section of the narrative end with colons, clearly introducing special effects which don't actually appear. One is 'The churning of the surf blinded him with the lights of batteries of footlights:' – followed by a solid block of asterisks in the original Galaxy serialization ...
************ ************ ************ ************ ************ ************
... and, in the deeply ugly type of the 1970s Berkley paperback, two wavering lines of asterisks which look less like footlights though more like surf. There may be nothing there in my various British copies, but at least I know how it ought to look.
What, however, about the next effect just two paragraphs later? Has anyone ever seen it? Foyle speaks and 'The sound came out in burning star-bubbles:' ... but not even the Berkley version offers anything after this colon. The formerly helpful Galaxy serial rewrites the sentence to omit the colon cue, offering: 'The sound came out in burning, babbling, burbling star-bubbles.' Ugh. I have a suspicion that Galaxy editor Horace Gold, who was slightly notorious for putting in little bits of his own, might have been responsible for this seeming effort at distraction from whatever's missing here.
In fact there is a faint whiff of censorship in the air. As all true sf fans (who naturally know the book by heart) will have been muttering for some while, we experience the beach scene twice thanks to the time-travel of the Burning Man and know exactly what it is that Foyle says but does not appear as a graphic effect:
'Christ!'
I wonder. In Bester's original MS, was this word perhaps manically patterned to form a typewriter-picture of a cross or – 'burning star-bubbles' – several crosses? Did all three editors decide to cut out this one 'controversial' typewriter-doodle on the basis that it was all right to say 'Christ!' but not to flaunt it in typewriter effects? (First Gold with a camouflaging rewrite in Galaxy, then someone at Sidgwick and Jackson in Britain for the 1956 Tiger! Tiger! and someone else at Signet for the 1957 The Stars My Destination? I am assuming the Berkley text accurately follows Signet's, just as every British edition follows S&J's.) Or did Bester himself think better of it but accidentally leave the introductory colon in place for each of the two slightly different book versions? Are the original typescripts preserved in some university library? If not, why not?
Not long ago an sf fan remarked to me that Bester would have loved to have had access to modern desktop publishing while writing The Demolished Man and Stars. Maybe it's as well that he didn't, since when he finally gained complete control over the graphics in a novel the result was the truly dire Golem100. Nor was I terrifically impressed when in his The Deceivers (which in many incidental details reads like a sort of diluted self-plagiarism, of Stars) we are introduced to a computer display seven centuries hence which can do no better than crude typewriter-patterns of asterisks. But with DTP now universal and Stars reportedly out of print in the USA, I urge one of sf's endemic small presses to think about a memorial edition with a good text (correcting the almost universal 'planets' for 'plants' in the introduction as noted by Arthur Haupt, and the place where Bester typed the silly 'Inert Lead Isomer' for what should be 'Isotope' ... but that takes us towards the murky realms of Bester's science, about which all too much can be said: see Damon Knight's balanced early review in In Search of Wonder). Modern typesetting and graphics software would surely see to it that INDIGO UNDULATED WITH SHUDDERING SPEED more sickeningly and effectively than ever before.
Meanwhile, the British text has further oddities. As well as changing the now legendary 'Vorga, I kill you filthy' to 'Vorga, I kill you deadly', the Sidgwick & Jackson editor modified 'Help, you goddamn gods' in Foyle's very first speech to 'Help, you Heels.' A few pages later, 'lousy gods' and 'sweet prayer-men' become 'Heels' and 'sweet Heels'. As might be expected, people seem to prefer the version they were raised on and can debate at length whether straight blasphemy is more or less effective than the alternative of British Understatement.
Our UK editor also thoughtfully changed 'twenty-fifth century' to 'twenty-fourth century' throughout, while leaving the prologue's one actual date ('the 2420s') untouched. There is a mysterious cut in the publicity interview on jaunting, omitting a paragraph of great interest to inmates of Gouffre Martel ... I suppose the editor didn't want to publish information that might help the criminal classes. Was it respect for religion that led to Bester's correct 'Skoptsy' (or Skoptsi) being disguised as 'Sklotsky'? Worst of all, the crucial repetition of the 'Gully Foyle is my name' jingle near the very end of the book is lost in Britain – jettisoned along with the disposable info-dump sentence that reminds us who the Scientific People are. But I've always rather liked the circular hall of the Scientific People with (at least in the Penguin edition) its 'doomed roof'.
On the other hand, compare: 'Of all brutes in the world he was least valuable alive and most likely to live.' 'Of all brutes in the world he was among the least valuable alive and most likely to survive.' With its unshaded hyperbole and incantatory rhythm, the first is surely more Foyleish, more Besterish. Yet it's the second, slightly limping sentence that appears in the generally preferable US text. Moreover, nearly all the motion-as-sound synaesthesia effects are longer in Tiger: Bester evidently added bits for the British edition [or, more plausibly, the text was cut for the magazine serialization, which US book editions then followed]. 'MANTERGEISTMANN!' shouts the movement of the flames ... and in Tiger (only) continues with 'UNVERTRACKINSTEIGN GANZELFURSTINLASTENBRUGG!' Likewise the surf cries 'LOGGERMIST CROTEHAVEN JALL. LOOGERMISK MOTESLAVEN DOOL' (not a bad sound-picture of its motion), while US editions carry only the first two nonsense words. At the end of Foyle's famous final speech, after 'I give you the stars.', Tiger has the closing line 'I make you men!': Stars omits this and merely adds 'He disappeared.' – which is not in Tiger. Help! These are deep waters, Watson, and nobody thought to ask Alfred Bester until it was too late.
(My fervent thanks to Rob Hansen, Chris 'Bester was a meretricious hack!' Priest and especially Dave Wood for helping me with variant editions of Stars/Tiger!)
Indeed there is a thesis of awesome scope to be written on the sufferings of sf novels as they flit to and fro across the Atlantic. What is the fifth paragraph of A.E.van Vogt's Slan? My Panther edition (following a 1953 UK hardback) has a fifth paragraph of info-dump, beginning 'It was new and exciting' ... not present in the Doubleday hardback, which on the other hand has several passages omitted by Panther. Travelling the opposite way, there was the infamous case of Eric Frank Russell's Dreadful Sanctuary, which in one US edition (1963, I think) acquired – against the entire narrative trend of this wisecracking action-adventure – an unhappy ending. Research continues.
The final stop on my current mission of pedantry was to check out the latest British edition of Anne McCaffrey's Dragonflight from Transworld/Corgi, which since 1970 has delighted me with a specially unfortunate one-letter misprint. (Er, I assume it's a misprint, with B typed instead of H.) A testimony to the rigid quality control of publishers, it's still there in 1992. The great moment comes when heroine Lessa has mysteriously vanished upon her vast, telepathic, teleporting dragon steed, and the hero gets worried about this, whereupon his own dragon telepathically scans the entire world of Pern for the missing pair and reports (possibly to howls of agreement from wicked readers who'd found Lessa's terminal wilfulness and the dragon's terminal cuteness a mite hard to take): I cannot bear them.
Blackout....
Footnote
The first piece originally appeared in Frontier Crossings, the Conspiracy '87 (World SF Convention) souvenir book, 1987 – which had invited short-short essays on a vague "Breakthroughs" theme. Alfred Bester was to have been a guest of honour, but that (alas) was the year of his final illness.
|
||||||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
3
| 4
|
https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Demolished-Man
|
en
|
The Demolished Man | novel by Bester
|
[
"https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/28/60728-131-36BD65EF/infantrymen-German-Maxim-World-War-I-machine.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/43/148643-131-2B2237A6/example-landscape-Irish-Ireland-Sligo.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/02/231002-131-8CA9CB6E/infographic-ancient-Olympic-games.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/93/173193-131-3EE3B458/Nelson-Mandela.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/92/125692-131-43C78F64/Charles-Pete-Conrad-Apollo-12-surface-flag-Nov-19-1969.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/45/189145-131-45FF672E/Secret-Service-Agent-Earpiece.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/68/220368-131-C835E48E/United-States-electoral-college-votes-by-state.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"The Demolished Man",
"encyclopedia",
"encyclopeadia",
"britannica",
"article"
] | null |
[] | null |
Other articles where The Demolished Man is discussed: Horace L. Gold: 451 (1953); Alfred Bester’s novels The Demolished Man (1953), about crime in a telepathic society, and The Stars My Destination (1956), a story of revenge in the 25th century, based on Alexandre Dumas père’s The Count of Monte Cristo; and Isaac Asimov’s The Caves of Steel (1953), a mystery in…
|
en
|
/favicon.png
|
Encyclopedia Britannica
|
https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Demolished-Man
|
In Horace L. Gold
451 (1953); Alfred Bester’s novels The Demolished Man (1953), about crime in a telepathic society, and The Stars My Destination (1956), a story of revenge in the 25th century, based on Alexandre Dumas père’s The Count of Monte Cristo; and Isaac Asimov’s The Caves of Steel (1953), a mystery in…
Read More
|
||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
3
| 10
|
https://concord.fandom.com/wiki/The_Demolished_Man
|
en
|
The Demolished Man
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/concord/images/7/72/The_Demolished_Man.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20200823182126
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/concord/images/7/72/The_Demolished_Man.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20200823182126
|
[
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/concord/images/7/72/The_Demolished_Man.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/220?cb=20200823182126",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/6a181c72-e8bf-419b-b4db-18fd56a0eb60",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/6c42ce6a-b205-41f5-82c6-5011721932e7",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/464fc70a-5090-490b-b47e-0759e89c263f",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f7bb9d33-4f9a-4faa-88fe-2a0bd8138668"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Concordances and Characters"
] |
2024-07-03T16:38:30+00:00
|
The Demolished Man, by 1953 novel by Alfred Bester and the first Hugo Award winner. The story was first serialized in three parts, beginning with the January 1952 issue of Galaxy Science Fiction, followed by publication of the novel in 1953. The novel is dedicated to Galaxy's editor, H. L. Gold...
|
en
|
/skins-ucp/mw139/common/favicon.ico
|
Concordances and Characters
|
https://concord.fandom.com/wiki/The_Demolished_Man
|
The Demolished Man, by 1953 novel by Alfred Bester and the first Hugo Award winner. The story was first serialized in three parts, beginning with the January 1952 issue of Galaxy Science Fiction, followed by publication of the novel in 1953. The novel is dedicated to Galaxy's editor, H. L. Gold, who made suggestions during its writing. Bester's title was Demolition!, but Gold talked him out of it.
Characters and story[]
The Demolished Man is an American science fiction police procedural novel set in a future where telepathy is common, although much of its effectiveness is derived from one individual having greater telepathic skill than another. Written 30 years before the 1980s cyberpunk boom, the novel anticipates that sub-genre with its mix of plot elements such as powerful corporations, high-tech weaponry and the interplay between varying classes of society.
In the 24th Century, telepaths—"Espers", colloquially known as "peepers"—are completely integrated into all levels of society. Espers are classed according to their abilities: Class 3 Espers, the most common, can detect only conscious thoughts at the time they are formed and are often employed as secretaries or administrators; Class 2 Espers can dig more deeply, to the pre-conscious level, detecting subliminal patterns, epiphanies and tenuous associations, and they form the professional middle class—lawyers, managers. Class 1 Espers can detect all of the foregoing plus sub-conscious primitive urges, and they occupy only the highest levels of power in the police and government. All Espers can telepathically communicate amongst themselves, and the more powerful Espers can overwhelm their juniors. Telepathic ability is innate and heritable but can remain latent and undetected in untrained persons. Once recognized, however, natural aptitude can be developed through instruction and exercise. There is a guild to improve Espers' telepathic skills, to set and enforce ethical conduct guidelines, and to increase the Esper population through intermarriage. Some telepaths object to the Esper Guild's authoritarian control, and remain outside it.
Ben Reich is the impetuous young owner of Monarch Enterprises, a commercial cartel that the Reich family has possessed for generations. Monarch Enterprises is in danger of bankruptcy, because of its chief rival, the D'Courtney Cartel, headed by the older Craye D'Courtney. Reich suffers recurring nightmares in which a "Man with No Face" persecutes him.
Reich contacts D'Courtney and proposes a merger of their concerns, but Reich's damaged psychological state causes him to misread D'Courtney's positive response as a refusal.[1] Frustrated and desperate, Reich determines to kill Craye D'Courtney. The presence of peepers has prevented the commission of murder for more than 70 years, so Reich devises an elaborate plan to ensure his freedom. If caught, Reich will certainly face "Demolition", a terrible punishment described only at story's end.
Reich hires an Esper to "run interference" for him—hiding his murderous thoughts from any peepers present at the scene of the planned crime. Reich has many Class 2 and Class 3 Espers working for him, but for this task he must hire a top Class 1 Esper. Reich bribes Dr. Gus Tate, a prominent peeper psychiatrist, to be his mental bodyguard during the murder. Tate helps Reich, stealing information about D'Courtney's whereabouts by peeping an unknowing colleague.
To further conceal his intentions, Reich visits a songwriter who teaches him a deceptively simple jingle: "Eight sir, seven sir, six sir, five sir, four sir, three sir, two sir, one. Tenser, said the Tensor, Tenser said the Tensor. Tension, apprehension, and dissension have begun." that proves to be an earworm, so persistent and involving, that it blocks most Espers from properly peeping into Reich's mind. Reich secures a small flash grenade which can disrupt a victim's perception of time by destroying the eyes' rhodopsin, and an antique (20th-century) handgun, a rare object in a largely non-violent society. Reich is also advised how to replace the bullet in the handgun's ammunition with a gelatin capsule filled with water, in order to eliminate ballistics evidence.
Influencing a socialite into playing a game of Sardines at a party, Reich executes his plan during the game, but at the moment he shoots D'Courtney, D'Courtney's young daughter, Barbara, witnesses the murder and runs away. She is later found, suffering severe psychological shock that renders her speechless.
Police Prefect Lincoln Powell is a Class 1 Esper, a highly talented man expected to become the next president of the Esper Guild. Powell discovers Reich through some cleverly disguised peeping. However, Reich's Esper attorney is present at that encounter, noting that telepathically-gathered evidence is legally inadmissible in court. This obliges Powell to assemble the murder case with traditional police procedures and to establish motive, opportunity and method.
Both sides center on finding and questioning (or, in Reich's case, silencing) Barbara D'Courtney. Although Reich finds her first, he is unable to kill her; Powell rescues her but loses Reich. Powell's pursuit traverses the Solar System, as Reich escapes the police and a series of mysterious assassination attempts with a harmonic gun which kills by sonic vibration. Reich fails to murder his chief of communications, and Powell succeeds in abducting him.
Powell has already established opportunity, and eventually method through discovery of a tiny fragment of gelatin in the body. However, just as Powell believes that he has wrapped the case up entirely, the interrogation of Reich's communications chief yields results—D'Courtney had accepted the merger proposal. That dashes Powell's case; as he remarks, no court in the Solar System would believe Reich murdered D'Courtney when D'Courtney was needed alive for the merger (which would save Reich and give him all the power and wealth he dreamed of) to succeed.
Reich's tortured mental state is unknown to him, and so Powell does not suspect that the motive for the murder was something other than financial. Powell recognizes that the forces behind Reich's crime are greater than anticipated. He asks the help of every Esper in attempting to arrest Reich, channeling their collective mental energy through Powell in the dangerous telepathic procedure "Mass Cathexis Measure"; Powell narrowly succeeds.
Reich is revealed to be the illegitimate son of Craye D'Courtney—Reich's hatred of him was probably because of his latent, telepathic knowledge of that fact. Reich's knowledge isn't explicitly stated, but Barbara, Reich's half-sister, is herself revealed to be a peeper. The assassination attempts on Reich were carried out by Reich himself, as a result of his disturbed state. Once arrested and convicted, Reich is sentenced to the dreaded Demolition—the stripping away of his memories and the upper layers of his personality, emptying his mind for re-education. This 24th-century society uses psychological demolition because it recognizes the social value of strong personalities able to successfully defy the law, seeking the salvaging of positive traits in ridding the person of the evil consciousness of the criminal.
Characters[]
Major characters include:
Reich lacks moral integrity and is willing to take considerable risks in order to see his wishes carried out. However, he is a very charming man to many around him, especially at the story's beginning when his desperation is still checked. His personal mantra is: "Make your enemies by choice, not by accident".
Powell is said to have a dual personality; behind the correct role of model Esper and perfect cop hides Dishonest Abe, a parody of Abraham Lincoln. Usually, Dishonest Abe takes the lead in conversation; with Powell finding himself lying in earnest to anybody, for the sake of just amusing himself.
Minor characters include:
Keno Quizzard, the blind albino (a motif also in The Stars My Destination), leader of an underworld organization employing "gimpsters" (gangsters), hired by Reich to help find Barbara D'Courtney.
Chooka Frood is a corrupt brothel keeper. She keeps a bodyguard (a possible friend-companion-lover) named Magda who has red eyes, laughs continually, dresses in leather and studs, and is apt to attack at the slightest provocation.
Duffy Wyg& (read "Wygand"), the composer of the "'Tenser,' said the Tensor" jingle, is portrayed as the essential "modern career woman, the virgin seductress"Template:Citation needed who seems to crave either humiliation or conquest by men.
Major themes[]
Jo Walton has said that Demolished is shaped by Freudian psychology, comparing it to The Last Battle's relation to Christianity, and emphasizing that the resolution of the plot only makes sense in a Freudian context: Reich's hatred of D'Courtney is motivated by oedipal feelings.[2]
{seeded from Wikipedia}
|
||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
0
| 53
|
http://www.drpaulwong.com/the-meaning-of-love-and-its-bittersweet-nature/
|
en
|
The Meaning of Love and Its Bittersweet Nature
|
http://www.drpaulwong.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/mayur-gala-2PODhmrvLik-unsplash.jpg
|
http://www.drpaulwong.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/mayur-gala-2PODhmrvLik-unsplash.jpg
|
[
"http://www.drpaulwong.com/wp-content/themes/Divi/images/logo.png",
"http://www.drpaulwong.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/mayur-gala-2PODhmrvLik-unsplash.jpg",
"http://www.drpaulwong.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/INPM25_conf_eventbrite_banner_2160x1080_4-300x150.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Paul Wong",
"www.facebook.com"
] |
2022-12-19T15:19:48+00:00
|
en
|
http://www.drpaulwong.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Paul-TP-Wong-Circle.png
|
Dr. Paul Wong
|
http://www.drpaulwong.com/the-meaning-of-love-and-its-bittersweet-nature/
|
What does it mean when someone says, “I love you.”? Misinterpreting this statement can lead to a life of misery or even tragic death. What does it mean, when someone says, “I do it for your good, because I love you.”? Many parents have ruined their children, even though their actions are motivated by love for their children. On the other hand, some of the most noble and inspiring deeds are motivated by love – someone donates their organs or lays down their lives to save others; another patiently endures all kinds of suffering in order to serve their chronically disabled or ill partner. How can we tell the difference between the destructive and the constructive types of love? How can we heal the violence, racial divides, and hatred in our society with love? How can we prevent lonely people from falling prey to love scams? How to resolve the dilemma that we cannot live without love, and yet we cannot be in love without being vulnerable to wounding? How do we know who are worth suffering for? These are some of the questions that motivated this article.
Love, when properly understood, can be the most creative and transformative force in heaven and on earth. The most noble and sublime human achievements are motivated by love. Erich Fromm (1956/2019) says that, “Love is the only sane and satisfactory answer to the problem of human existence,” because it can conquer all fears (Simpson, 2016). Unlike a candlelight, true love cannot be extinguished. Neither rejection nor insult, neither separation nor death, can put out the flame of undying love. In one form or another, true love always finds a way to bless its love objects, no matter how great the sacrifice. The greatest literature, music and religions are inspired by love.
Yet on the dark side of love, we have Cain’s killing of his brother Abel (NIV, Gen 4:8) because of anger and envy of the felt injustice of not receiving the same kind of love as Abel (Kaczor, 2018). There is also other crimes of passion; for instance, the well-known lines by William Congreve: “Heaven has no rage like love to hatred turned, / Nor hell a fury like a woman scorned” (Tréguer, 2017) can also be found in Asian culture (Gallep, 2016), and in real life (Clarkson, 2010). Pfeiffer and Wong’s (1989) pathological jealousy can also drive people to do all kinds of horrible things to others, just short of killing.
The present paper examines the paradoxical nature of love from interdisciplinary and intercultural perspectives (Mayer & Vanderheiden, 2021). It first explores why love is a bittersweet thing, both in its blessings and its curses from the perspective of existential positive psychology (EPP). For example, love can either motivate people to lay down their lives for others, or drive people to crimes of passion. For better or worse, love is the most powerful force in life as an emotion and as motivation. Love can either sustain us in the worst of hell, as attested by Frankl in Nazi death camps, or torments people in their private hell of unrequited love or betrayed love.
Secondly, in terms of psychology and neuroscience (Fromm, 1956; Horstman, 2011), we are wired for relationships, and we suffer from both insecure attachment and enmeshed attachment (Ainsworth & Bowlby, 1991). From the vantage point of religion, Buddhism recognizes that life is suffering; therefore, life is suffering with its egotistic desires and attachment. Buddhism also recognizes that compassionate love is essential for survival and health. For example, the Dalai Lama says, “Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them humanity cannot survive.” Christianity teaches that God is love and we are made in God’s image. Therefore, love is also part of human nature, and part of the spiritual fruit (Galatians 5:22-23); we cannot have real joy without love.
Thirdly, this paper examines the meaning of love as one of the mature sources of meaning of life (Wong, 1998). Furthermore, from the perspective of existential positive psychology (EPP; Wong, Mayer et al., 2021; Wong et al., 2022), we feel that life is meaningful and fulfilling when we meet the Golden Triad of spiritual needs: Being attuned with our true self and life purpose, being connected with others in intimacy or communion, and achieving a sense of oneness with nature and its Creator.
Finally, our paper proposes a possible way out of the paradox of love by learning the wisdom of avoiding unnecessary suffering in matters of love and embracing the joy and suffering for a higher purpose and the greater good. We also cite empirical research to support our thesis that meaningful suffering can make us better human beings and the world a better place (Wong & Laird, in press).
Love is a major source of meaning in life and the core of human experience (D. Wong, 2012; P. Wong, 1998). Consistent with Wong’s (1998) finding, Aron and Aron (1989) also conclude that love contributes to meaning at three levels: with close friends, with community and by transcending both friends and community. These findings support our thesis that self-transcendence.
Love is so important and central to our lives, yet it is also a complex concept. It encompasses both positive and negative emotions, behaviors, and belief. Love has been defined as a universal concept with social and culture-specific meanings (Beall & Sternberg, 1995; Karandashev, 2019, Mayer & Vanderheiden, 2021); at the same time, suffering is often considered as an integrated part of the experience of love, in particular within indigenous and folk psychology (Karandashev, 2021).
We have just provided the contours and the scope of love. The reference to indigenous and folk psychology (Karandashev, 2021) is important, because it highlights that the idea of love as suffering is universal, especially when it is not filtered through the lens of Western positive psychology.
As a complex concept, love can be either the most powerful motivator for growth or the most destructive force in your life — it all depends on the kind of love one has embraced.
Love is much more than a feeling. It is a discipline and a daily practice of patience, endurance, and forgiveness to maintain an important relationship because loving relationships, like faith and hope, is one of the essentials we need for mental health and happiness. We have to work very hard to find out what makes our relationships work (Fromm, 1956).
In reviewing Kottman’s Love as Human Freedom, Wilson (2017) comments that love involves an exercise of freedom of the will to engage in sex as an ideal of “reflecting reciprocal passionate engagement with another person and love-based commitments: social institutions and laws that assume marriage and the formation of families based on erotic love.” Along the same line, erotic love can lead to spiritual union (Chu-Cong, 1999; Culliford, 2015). Similarly, Popova (2017) points out that Rollo May’s concept of love is more than just a desire; along with the will, love is a responsible use of freedom, involving intentionality and imagination, to create a better future for self and others. She cites May (1969/2007):
“Love and will are interdependent and belong together. Both are conjunctive processes of being — a reaching out to influence others, molding, forming, creating the consciousness of the other. But this is only possible, in an inner sense, if one opens oneself at the same time to the influence of the other.”
May’s concept of love and will is similar to Wong’s (2010) motto of Meaning Therapy: “Meaning is all we need and relationship is all we have.” We can change a person through the two interrelated powerful forces in human life – the will to meaning and the commitment to loving others as oneself. To love and serve others is indeed an exercise of the will choosing not to serve the desires of the flesh but the spirit of love and joy. Wong (1998) further confirm empirically that both intimate love and love for the community are an integral part of will to meaning or will to self-transcendence. It is the reoriented from egotism to self-transcendence (Frankl, 1988; Wong, 2021a). As shown in Galatians 5:13 (NIV): “You, my brothers and sisters, were called to be free. But do not use your freedom to indulge the flesh; rather, serve one another humbly in love.”
The main purpose of this paper is threefold: Firstly, we want to explain why love is both suffering and essential for our happiness and mental health. Secondly, we identify the major types of love and clarify which types are constructive and which types are destructive. Finally, we emphasize how we can cultivate the constructive types of love to improve our mental health and make the world a more compassionate place.
Love is Both Suffering and Essential for Our Wellbeing
Cultural Differences
When love is unreachable or unattained, or when lovers are separated, usually love turns into suffering. According to De Munck and Kronenfeld (2016), individuals who experience suffering in the context of love often associate the suffering in the context of love with loneliness, helplessness, frustration, sadness, hurt, vulnerability, jealousy, and anger. Various culture-specific concepts of love refer to suffering and pain while describing love experiences to the in-depth experience of love. Karandashev (2021) highlights several cultural groups in which love is strongly connected to the concept of suffering, such as in Russian culture which emphasizes love as being an obstacle and problem in itself (Pilishvili & Koyanongo, 2016). In Turkish culture, love is associated with joy rather than suffering, however, it might also be experienced as painful (Aksan & Kantar, 2008).
Pain is – besides suffering – an important concept that is related to love across different cultures, as, for example in Polish literature (Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk & Wilson, 2021). The authors highlight that in some cultures, the concept of love is connected to the experience of sadness, which is again associated with regret, longing, and pain (Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk & Wilson, 2021). Within the pain, love can be found. Pain further can be overcome by love, compassion, empowerment and loving kindness, and humanness (Mayer, 2021). There are different culture-specific terms and concepts across cultures which refer to love, pain, and suffering.
Focusing more on romantic relationships and erotic love experiences, researchers have shown that there are differences in how love is experienced, expressed, and conducted in various cultures (Karandashev, 2021). Kutcha (2021), for example, has researched Teen Romance novels and American Teen Relational Capacity. According to the author, American teens often lack role models of in-depth, genuine, deep love relationships and therefore suffer loneliness, depression, and anxiety (Kutcha, 2021). To lose a loved person creates extreme suffering and pain within the individuals who are being left behind (Kutcha, 2021). This is the case when an individual’s love is rejected or a person is left behind (Chesnokova & van Peer, 2021), when a loved one gets a life-threatening diagnosis (van Tongeren & Showalter van Tongeren, 2020) or when a loved one dies (Kutcha, 2021).
In the German context, one extraordinary example of a suffering person within the context of love is Goethe, a scientist, philosopher, poet, and novelist. Throughout his life, he suffered personal love disappointments, emotional crisis, and an everlasting search for deep love (Holm-Hadulla & Wendt, 2021). For Goethe, love amongst his family helped him to overcome negative emotions, such as despair, melancholy, pain, and suffering. However, at the same time, suffering for Goethe was also part of love, as described in his novel “The Sufferings of Young Werther”, a novel that describes the pain and suffering of a young man and his unfulfilled love. This novel is an example of Western and European literature and its reference to love and suffering and the idea that suffering is part of love, while in-depth passionate love (agape and eros) can, both, create suffering and love and despair, pain and suffering are all integrated (Holm-Hadulla & Wendt, 2021). The idea that suffering is a central part of love is also mentioned by the philosopher Schopenhauer (1844) who mentioned that love can alleviate suffering since love is compassion by nature.
Another example of love and suffering, as dependent concepts, is found in the cultures of Northern Africa: Dragonetti (1960) explained that in Mauritania, Moorish women usually test the men when they get into a love relationship and the men is called a “sufferer” (sofridor): the men have to suffer through the steps of the evolving love. Women test the men while making them suffer through the steps of relationship building in order to test men’s ability to be patient. Fortier (2021) also describes the idea of suffering and pain in Mauritania, thereby referring to the experience that the presence and the absence of the loved one can make you feel suffering. Suffering further happens when a couple that was previously in love has to recognized that there is no love amongst them any longer and they go through a divorce process. This divorce process is often experienced as a process of suffering, a process in which love is lost or absent (Wang, 2021) or unrequited (Vanderheiden, 2021).
Love is Not Happiness, But Bittersweet
The best possible life is bitter-sweet (Cain, 2022; Wong, 2022). We can apply the same existential perspective to matters of love. We believe that the main obstacle to understanding the meaning of love is the deeply entrenched misconception of equating love with happiness as a positive emotion. At present, there is a growing trend of seeking divorce for the sole reason that the relationship no longer brings happiness, even though the spouse is as good as they can be given that no person is perfect.
The happiness craze is killing us as individuals and as a nation because it not only makes us feel unhappy but takes us away from the more important pursuits of meaning, character building, love, and harmony (Wong, 2019; Wong et al., 2022). Years ago, Hermann Hesse stated “Oh, love isn’t there to make us happy. I believe it exists to show us how much we can endure.” (Hesse & Michels, 2001). But enduring pain is not necessarily bad because he also affirmed the possibility of transformation: “I have always believed, and I still believe, that whatever good or bad fortune may come our way we can always give it meaning and transform it into something of value.”
At a deeper level, love and suffering are inextricably connected. I cannot think of a kind of love that does not include some kind of suffering either now or later. One can enjoy the thrills of sex, but there is always of the aftermath of sensual exploitation of one’s body as an object. The bitter-sweet nature of love has been emphasized by many people, from psychologists to writers:
To love means to open ourselves to the negative as well as the positive – to grief, sorrow, and disappointment as well as to joy, fulfillment, and an intensity of consciousness we did not know was possible before. – Rollo May
To love is to suffer and there can be no love otherwise. – Fyodor Dostoevsky (1864/1994)
What is hell? I maintain that it is the suffering of being unable to love. – Fyodor Dostoevsky (1879/2005)
To love is to suffer. To avoid suffering, one must not love. But then one suffers from not loving. Therefore, to love is to suffer, not to love is to suffer, to suffer is to suffer. – Woody Allen (1975)
In a recent CBC interview, Bob Becken (2022) spoke to Carrie Jenkins about her new book, Sad Love (Jenkins, 2022). She wants to wake us up from the fairy tale of romance and marriage. During that interview, Jenkins stated that:
A lot of us live most of our days somewhere in the middle of extremely euphoric and extremely miserable. I’m trying to liberate as many people as I can from these expectations that make a lot of us feel like we’re failing all the time. Those expectations can be about what a relationship looks like or even that you should have a romantic relationship in your life at all. Sadness is a part of life and a part of the human condition. I think sadness is something to be embraced and understood, not pushed away and tucked into dark corners where we don’t listen to it or examine it.
As Hermann Hesse notes, “Love your suffering. Do not resist it, do not flee from it. It is only your aversion to it that hurts, nothing else.”
Constructive vs. Destructive Types of Love
First of all, we need to separate love from some related concepts. Love is different from liking. For example, although we may like someone as a person with good manners or good character, we may not have the personal feeling of love. Similarly, we may be madly in love with someone, but we may not like that person’s character.
According to Rubin (1970), romantic love is made up of three elements: (1) Attachment: The need to be cared for and be with the other person. (2) Caring: Valuing the other person’s happiness and needs as much as your own. (3) Intimacy: Sharing private thoughts, feelings, and desires with the other person. But liking only involves feelings of respect and warmth (Cherry, 2022).
Similarly, sex and love are related but not the same. One can have casual sex or one-night stands without any feelings of love or one can love without sex, such as Platonic love or friendly love. Some elements of sexual attraction may be present between good friends or soulmates, but sexual consummation may ruin those relationships.
Sex is an important part of marriage (Wilson & McLaughlin, 2003) to the extent that physical intimacy is an essential part of marriage, but true love involves much more than hormones and sexual intercourse.
It is a sad commentary on today’s dating scene. According to Dr. Joan Allen (Heubeck, 2007), author of Celebrating Single and Getting Love Right: From Stalemate to Soulmate (2016), having sex too early while dating may have undesirable consequences because it takes time to learn whether the other person truly loves you and sexual attraction may prevent you from knowing the character of the person you are dating:
Especially among older people who went through the sexual revolution, with maturity they realize there are emotional consequences for getting involved in a sexual relationship.
One young man in his early to mid-20s told Dr. Allen that, “if he didn’t have sex on the first or second night, he’d move on to the next person.” This young man is looking for sex, not true love. Both men and women no longer have the same patience as the Baby Boomer generation because “the pill” allows them to have sexual enjoyment without worrying about unwanted pregnancy.
Different Types of Love
Wong (2021b) reviewed how various psychologists have attempted to differentiate different types of love. According to Tennov (1979), love is mutual, and is characterized by concern for the welfare of the beloved, whereas Limerence is passionate love with all-consuming emotional intensity. ‘Limerence is a state of infatuation or obsession with another person that involves an all-consuming passion and intrusive thoughts” (Grainger, 2022). Similarly, Peele and Brodsky (1975) differentiate between addictive love and genuine love. Love addiction or sex addition works very much like drug addiction (Katehakis, 2011). Sex addiction is a preoccupation with sexual experiences, while love addiction involves preoccupation with an idealized or fantasized relationship which is destructive.
Lee (1973) has developed the most complete taxonomy of love featuring six types of love (Grieve, 2017): (1) Eros, where the lovers search for someone with specific physical characteristics; (2) pragma, where potential love-objects are rationally considered; (3) agape, where the person loves without expectation of reciprocation; (4) ludus, where love is treated as game, free and fun, with no strings attached; (5) storage, which is similar to compassionate love, and (6) mania, which is similar to addictive love. We introduce Lee’s (1973) taxonomy of love because it represents an early attempt to describes different styles of expressing love. It does not claim to be an exhaustive taxonomy. Philia or friendship is represented by storage in Lee’s terminology. For example, it misses the philia or brotherly love, which is part of the four classic loves – Charity (Agape), Friendship (Philia), Affection (Storge), and Romantic (Eros) as identified by C. S. Lewis (1960).
Sternberg (1988) views love as a triangular structure, consisting of three components: intimacy, passion, and decision/commitment. Various combinations of these components result in eight kinds of love: (1) nonlove (absence of the three components), (2) liking (intimacy in isolation), (3) infatuation (passion), (4) empty love (decision/commitment), (5) romantic love (passion and intimacy), (6) compassionate love (intimacy and decision/commitment), (7) fatuous love (passion and decision/commitment), and (8) consummate love (which includes all three components).
Although Sternberg’s triangular theory is influential, it is not without criticisms. For example, Hedayati (2020) proposes that there are different types of relationships and attachment styles, while Sternberg’s theory focuses on romantic relationships. The present paper goes beyond this narrow focus on romantic relationship and explores the realm of love in all its potentials for suffering and transformation.
Unrequited love (Baumeister & Wotman, 1992; Psychology, n.d.) is another rather common and painful relationship, in which one sincerely loves another person who does not reciprocate. This raises the interesting scientific question: why do people persist in this kind of hopeless love, when there is so much pain? Perhaps, unrequited love teaches us two important things about true love: (1) There is deep joy in suffering for someone you truly love, and (2) we are wired to love others and only love can satisfy our spiritual needs for loving and being loved by someone. Enduring hopeless love is no love at all because hell is like loneliness without feelings of love.
Alexandra Gustafsoniscan (2022) even considers that if unrequited love is like torture, it is the kind of torture for a noble and worthwhile cause – sacrificial true love. He actually said: “The unrequited lover need not wish so impatiently for their love to end. Instead, they might embrace their love, for however long it persists.”
Lee (1973) recognizes agape love, which is similar to the Buddhist conception of compassion, the Confucian principle of ren, and the Christian concept of love as described fully in 1 Corinthians, Chapter 13:
If I speak in the tongues[a] of men or of angels, but do not have love, I am only a resounding gong or a clanging cymbal. If I have the gift of prophecy and can fathom all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have a faith that can move mountains, but do not have love, I am nothing. If I give all I possess to the poor and give over my body to hardship that I may boast, but do not have love, I gain nothing.
Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It does not dishonor others, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres.
Love never fails. But where there are prophecies, they will cease; where there are tongues, they will be stilled; where there is knowledge, it will pass away. For we know in part and we prophesy in part, but when completeness comes, what is in part disappears. When I was a child, I talked like a child, I thought like a child, I reasoned like a child. When I became a man, I put the ways of childhood behind me. For now we see only a reflection as in a mirror; then we shall see face to face. Now I know in part; then I shall know fully, even as I am fully known. And now these three remain: faith, hope and love. But the greatest of these is love.
One can readily see that the Christian conception of love is a depiction of God’s love, because “God is love” (I John 4:16). Biblical teaching clearly tells that to love is to suffer, just as God sacrifices his own son Jesus to suffer and die on the Cross for us. God’s response to our suffering is to suffer for us and with us, so that we may have a new life, according to Hans Kuug: “God’s love does not protect us from suffering. God’s love protects us in the midst of suffering.” St. Sistern Faustina Kowlsky (n.d.) articulates clearly the broad way of happiness and the narrow way of suffering as the way of true love:
”Suffering is a great grace; through suffering the soul becomes like the Savior; in suffering love becomes crystallized; the greater the suffering, the purer the love “ (Diary 57).
In view of the above, we can conclude that the transformative, constructive types of love include the following type: Agape or sacrificial love, compassionate love, companionate love, Platonic love, brotherly love; they all involve suffering, but it is meaningful suffering to add some value to others.
Potentially destructive types of relationships or attachments include love addiction, sex addiction, mania, and lunas love. Unrequited love has some value of leaning the value of patience and endurance, but in the long run, it is destructive and wasting one’s time and emotional energy without benefit self or the love object. Self-centered love can be destructive when one is completely self-absorbed, without considering how it may affect others; on the other hand, healthy self-love in terms of self-compassion (Neff, 2015) and self-care is not only healthy but foundational to loving others, as the Bible commands us to “love your neighbor as yourself” (NIV, Mk. 12:31).
We propose that transformative love can be measured by the following dimensions: selflessness, patience, kindness, forgiveness, sincerity, and truthfulness. In the long run, these virtues will overcome whatever obstacles that may stand in the way of loving relationship.
How to Make Life Better with Love
The happiness craze without any consideration of morality and undesirable consequences can do immense damage to love relationships in a digital world. Criminals and psychopaths capitalize on the anonymity of the internet by creating false identities and apps to generate illegal profits and ruin other people’s life. Just consider the romance scams (Federal Bureau of Investigation, n.d.), sexual crimes with dating apps (Lefroy, 2022) and all the broken hearts and broken lives from searching for love in all the wrong places.
Love is more than a feeling. Love is not just feeling happy but also trains us in kindness, compassion, patience, forgiveness, and the responsible use of our freedom. In short, love is meant to be a school to teach us important lessons on how to be a decent, responsible human being, capable of commitment, compassion, and the discipline of self-transcendence (Wong, Arslan et al., 2021).
In terms of romantic love, the meaning of love is to suffer for the wellbeing and happiness of others, who are worthy of our devotion; this requires the wisdom to discern the difference between fake love and genuine love. Perhaps, the simplest test of whether someone is worth loving for is whether the other person is genuine and willing to make sacrifices for you.
We not only derive meaning and deep joy from such selfless love. More importantly, true love contributes to mental health for both the individual and society, because it can heal broken relationships and a divided nation(Wong, in press). The practice of self-less love holds us together.
We can make life better for all by remembering these two important lessons:
Together with faith and hope, love is essential for mental health. We need to have the discipline to cultivate love and compassion. “True love doesn’t happen right away; it’s an ever-growing process. It develops after you’ve gone through many ups and downs, when you’ve suffered together, cried together, laughed together,” says Ricardo Montalban.
Suffering is an inevitable aspect of true love. Trying to avoid or get rid of suffering would be tantamount to getting rid of love itself, “because it always demands an element of self-sacrifice, because, given temperamental differences and the drama of situations, it will always bring with it renunciation and pain.” (Pope Benedict XVI, 2022)
True love is always costly. We either pay now or later. We cannot love without paying a price. If we choose to be carefree and single or without children so that we can have all the freedom and fun that this world can offer, if we choose divorce whenever our marriage no longer gives us happiness, we will pay the price of spending our old age alone and dying alone (Garrity, 2022).
On the other hand, if we accept suffering as an essential part of true love, and if we honor our marriage vow, we pay the price now by enduring the annoyances and weaknesses of our spouse, making the necessary sacrifice to bring love to the family. We will benefit later by having good children and retire happily and healthily. Harvard’s famous longitudinal study (Mineo, 2017) shows that good relationships is the most important factor contributing to happy and healthy aging.
Yes, love is suffering, but keep loving anyway. The alternative is much worse.
|
|||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
3
| 8
|
https://fantasy-hive.co.uk/2021/10/the-demolished-man-by-alfred-bester-book-review/
|
en
|
The Demolished Man by Alfred Bester (Book Review)
|
[
"https://fantasy-hive.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Hive-Header-2023-TEXT-transparent.png",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/583e1895aa5d1ffb7f2ddd86e2d4a0a4?s=90&r=r",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8305c7923a94685fd5168cec5c8f4ca8?s=60&r=r",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/583e1895aa5d1ffb7f2ddd86e2d4a0a4?s=60&r=r",
"https://fantasy-hive.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/AskTheWzardBadge.jpeg",
"https://fantasy-hive.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/AuthorSpotlightBadge.jpeg",
"https://fantasy-hive.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/CruisingTheCosmereBadge.jpeg",
"https://fantasy-hive.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/OriginalFictionBadge.jpeg",
"https://fantasy-hive.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/TheUnseenAcademicBadge.jpeg",
"https://fantasy-hive.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/ToughTravellingBadge.jpeg",
"https://fantasy-hive.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/WomenInSFFBadge.jpeg",
"https://fantasy-hive.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/WWBadge.jpeg"
] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/56qnIEtggWg?feature=oembed"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Filip Magnus"
] |
2021-10-01T12:00:32+00:00
|
Filip reviews The Demolished Man: "Plenty of hardboiled fun set in a gripping version of the twenty-fourth century..."
|
en
|
Fantasy-Hive
|
https://fantasy-hive.co.uk/2021/10/the-demolished-man-by-alfred-bester-book-review/
|
Old science fiction! It can be endlessly entertaining in wholly unintentional ways—I owe linguistic drift alone for more than a few chuckles as I explored the very first novel awarded the Hugo for best sci-fi, all the way back in 1953. Despite certain antiquated notions, The Demolished Man made for exciting reading and I can see why it still holds a place in the science fictional canon.
When you read a novel so old, with so much familiar already, it can be easy to lose track of some of the once-fresh elements introduced. This is one of the earliest sci-fi thrillers out there, reading almost as Philip Marlowe if a slightly less deranged Philip K. Dick had written it. There’s plenty of hardboiled fun set in a gripping version of the twenty-fourth century, as our two protagonists go forth to war with one another. Ben Reich, a solar system-spanning business tycoon at the end of his rope, offers his greatest rival, D’Courtney, a merger deal. When he is refused by the old man, he decides to solve the issue of his business rival in a less savoury way: “If you won’t let it be merger, then I’ll make it murder.”
Got to appreciate a man willing to go all the distance, eh? But murder is not easy in the future, not when that future is filled with Espers capable of reading your mind. Reich’s task at the opening of the book is to navigate his way through a series of challenges in the accomplishment of this goal. While it’s certainly an engaging start, The Demolished Man is at its best when the 1st Class Esper, Lincoln “Dishonest Abe” Powell enters into the fray. At this point, about a quarter into the book, the two begin a contest of wills and wits that dominates the remnant of the book; both spin circles over the other, outthinking each other in cleverly thought-out ways. Bester’s writing at the height of this is gripping, intelligent, witty—a pleasure to read. The way Bester draws Powell and Reich as the antitheses of one another, the chemistry they have when they share a space—this has to be one of the original science fictional frenemy relationships and I could not get enough of it.
A recurring gag with Powell is the line, “Who stole the weather?” which never fails to make him blush; though we never get an exact explanation, it’s certain that Dishonest Abe is to blame. This part of Powell’s personality is a liar extraordinaire, jumping into high gear whenever the policeman seems to lose focus in a more informal conversation; and the gusto with which he tells these lies makes for lies so outrageous as to be believable.
It’s not all butterflies and rainbows, alas. The Demolished Man is a wholly Freudian affair in its conception of familial relationships and in its ultimate resolution alike, which I find not only outdated, but also…yucky. In addition to that, Bester allows himself to moralize at the readers at the novel’s very end—humanist notions, to be sure, and soaked through with admirable enough sentiment. Yet to most of us readers in the early twenty-first century, moralising is a sure-fire way to lose us.
But that’s a small matter, compared to the (alas, expected) sexist portrayals of female characters. Not much in the way of representation of strong female characters—women seem to only have two-three roles to choose from: lovesick, maliciously insane, and secretaries. It’s at once to be anticipated with so many of these Golden Age sci-fi novelists and disappointing beyond measure—because although so many of them had visionary ideas of what society might grow to be in the future, they could only think of it in a very limited framework, monochromatic and male-dominated.
Do I recommend it? With these two big caveats in mind, I would–if you have an interest in some of the older foundations of the sci-fi genre, if you’re capable of compartmentalizing the elements that make up a book, there is a whole lot in The Demolished Man you’ll find compelling.
|
|||||
wrong_mix_range_publicationDate_00069
|
FactBench
|
3
| 92
|
https://andrewggibson.com/2023/01/19/alfred-bester-the-demolished-man/
|
en
|
Alfred Bester: The Demolished Man – Andrew Gibson Author Narrator Editor Curator
|
[
"https://andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cropped-Scf-fi-Classics-from-the-1950s-and-Beyond.png",
"https://andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cropped-Scf-fi-Classics-from-the-1950s-and-Beyond.png",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/The-Demolished-Man.png?resize=750%2C410&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/The-Demolished-Man.png?resize=750%2C410&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Alfred-Bester.jpg?resize=648%2C657&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Alfred-Bester.jpg?resize=648%2C657&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/The-Demolished-Man.jpg?resize=648%2C972&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/The-Demolished-Man.jpg?resize=648%2C972&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/100-Greatest-Science-Fictio-3.png?resize=648%2C256&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/100-Greatest-Science-Fictio-3.png?resize=648%2C256&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Incredible-Science-Fiction-1-1.png?fit=173%2C300&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Incredible-Science-Fiction-1-1.png?fit=173%2C300&ssl=1",
"https://andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Incredible-Science-Fiction-2.png",
"https://andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Incredible-Science-Fiction-2.png",
"https://andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Incredible-Science-Fiction-3.png",
"https://andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Incredible-Science-Fiction-3.png",
"https://andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Incredible-Science-Fiction-1-1-Webiste-1.png",
"https://andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Incredible-Science-Fiction-1-1-Webiste-1.png",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DALL·E-2024-07-24-21.37.36-A-diverse-group-of-people-in-a-modern-well-lit-room.-The-individuals-display-a-range-of-emotions_-some-look-contemplative-others-are-smiling-a-few-.webp?fit=75%2C43&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DALL·E-2024-07-24-21.37.36-A-diverse-group-of-people-in-a-modern-well-lit-room.-The-individuals-display-a-range-of-emotions_-some-look-contemplative-others-are-smiling-a-few-.webp?fit=75%2C43&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DALL·E-2024-07-21-12.29.18-A-stunning-illustration-depicting-the-intersection-of-quantum-mechanics-and-biology-in-medicine.-The-image-should-include-elements-like-DNA-strands-q.webp?fit=75%2C43&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DALL·E-2024-07-21-12.29.18-A-stunning-illustration-depicting-the-intersection-of-quantum-mechanics-and-biology-in-medicine.-The-image-should-include-elements-like-DNA-strands-q.webp?fit=75%2C43&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DALL·E-2024-07-19-14.44.03-Illustration-showing-the-effect-of-IL-11-inhibition-on-extending-lifespan-and-reducing-cancer-incidence-in-mice-with-a-visual-representation-of-reduc.webp?fit=75%2C43&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DALL·E-2024-07-19-14.44.03-Illustration-showing-the-effect-of-IL-11-inhibition-on-extending-lifespan-and-reducing-cancer-incidence-in-mice-with-a-visual-representation-of-reduc.webp?fit=75%2C43&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DALL·E-2024-07-19-09.50.18-A-conceptual-image-depicting-the-process-of-coming-up-with-a-book-title_-an-abstract-collage-of-a-book-cover-a-typewriter-floating-text-phrases-and.webp?fit=75%2C43&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DALL·E-2024-07-19-09.50.18-A-conceptual-image-depicting-the-process-of-coming-up-with-a-book-title_-an-abstract-collage-of-a-book-cover-a-typewriter-floating-text-phrases-and.webp?fit=75%2C43&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DALL·E-2024-07-17-09.22.48-An-abstract-representation-of-the-human-brain-with-interconnected-nodes-and-lines-symbolizing-the-flow-of-memes-and-cultural-information-shaping-cons.webp?fit=75%2C43&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DALL·E-2024-07-17-09.22.48-An-abstract-representation-of-the-human-brain-with-interconnected-nodes-and-lines-symbolizing-the-flow-of-memes-and-cultural-information-shaping-cons.webp?fit=75%2C43&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DALL·E-2024-07-16-15.20.11-A-collage-of-iconic-science-fiction-elements-from-the-past-decade-including-characters-from-popular-movies-and-TV-series-a-VR-headset-and-futuristi.webp?fit=75%2C43&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DALL·E-2024-07-16-15.20.11-A-collage-of-iconic-science-fiction-elements-from-the-past-decade-including-characters-from-popular-movies-and-TV-series-a-VR-headset-and-futuristi.webp?fit=75%2C43&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DALL·E-2024-07-16-09.54.54-A-researcher-in-a-lab-coat-examining-a-scientific-study-on-a-desk.-The-desk-is-surrounded-by-various-sugary-foods-like-donuts-candy-and-soda-cans.-T.webp?fit=75%2C43&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/DALL·E-2024-07-16-09.54.54-A-researcher-in-a-lab-coat-examining-a-scientific-study-on-a-desk.-The-desk-is-surrounded-by-various-sugary-foods-like-donuts-candy-and-soda-cans.-T.webp?fit=75%2C43&ssl=1",
"https://andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Incredible-Science-Fiction-1-1-Webiste.png",
"https://andrewggibson.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Incredible-Science-Fiction-1-1-Webiste.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"andrew"
] |
2023-01-19T00:00:00
|
Alfred Bester’s “The Demolished Man” explores the dangerous implications of telepathy and power in a future society. Packed with unforgettable imagery, Bester's novel stands the test of time as one of the most influential and acclaimed sci-fi works ever written.
|
en
|
Andrew Gibson Author Narrator Editor Curator
|
https://andrewggibson.com/2023/01/19/alfred-bester-the-demolished-man/
|
Alfred Bester’s “The Demolished Man” is a true classic of science fiction literature. First published in 1953, the novel explores themes of telepathy, crime, and power in a future society where telepathic ability is the ultimate form of power and status.
The story follows the journey of a wealthy businessman, Ben Reich, who is determined to commit the perfect murder. But in a world where telepaths can read the thoughts of any individual, Reich must outsmart the all-powerful “Espers” in order to evade capture.
One of the novel’s greatest strengths is its portrayal of a fully realized future society. Bester’s world-building is impressive, and the novel is rich in detail, from the technology to the social hierarchy. The novel also explores the idea that telepathy could be used to control and manipulate people, a concept that remains relevant today.
Another of the novel’s strengths is its use of language. Bester’s writing is full of vivid imagery, and the novel is filled with memorable phrases, such as the “demolition” of a person’s mind through telepathic interrogation. This use of language and imagery adds depth to the story and makes the novel a true pleasure to read.
The Demolished Man is also an incredibly well-written book that explores the darker side of humanity and the consequences of seeking power at any cost. The novel’s exploration of the moral and ethical implications of telepathy is particularly thought-provoking and makes it a must-read for anyone interested in science fiction.
In conclusion, Alfred Bester’s “The Demolished Man” is a science fiction novel that stands the test of time. Its exploration of telepathy and power, along with its fully realized future society and its use of language, make it an important and entertaining read. It is one of the most acclaimed and influential science fiction novels of all time, and it’s a must-read for any science fiction fan.
We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. This means that if you click on a link to a book on Amazon from our site and make a purchase, we may earn a small commission. This does not affect the price you pay for the book and it helps us to continue providing book reviews and recommendations on our website.
Please note that we only promote books that we have reviewed and believe in. We value transparency and honesty, and we will always disclose when a link is an affiliate link. We encourage you to use these links if you are interested in purchasing the books we have reviewed.
Alfred Bester: The Demolished Man Kindle
Alfred Bester: The Demolished Man Audible
|