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http://159.89.91.98/history-and-interantional-relations/the-united-nations-under-kofi-annan-1992-2006/project-topics-research-materials-guides
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en
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THE UNITED NATIONS UNDER KOFI ANNAN (1992 – 2006)
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THE UNITED NATIONS UNDER KOFI ANNAN (1992 – 2006), free research project topics hub, materials and guides
|
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http://159.89.91.98/images/favicon.png
| null |
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Kofi Annan was born in the Kafandors Section of Kumasi, in Central Ghana, Africa, in what was then the British colony of the Gold Coast, on April 8, 1938. He is a twin, which has a respected state in Ghanaian culture. His full name is Kofi Atta Annan, while his twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shares the middle name Atta, which in Fante and Akan means “twin”. Annan and his sister were born into one of the country’s aristocratic families, both their grandfather and their uncle were tribal chiefs.1 and became accustomed to both traditional and modern ways of life. He has described himself as being “atribal in a tribal world”.
In Akan tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week on when they were born; and in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday.2
In 1965, Kofi Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from a well to do family. Several years later, they had a daughter, Ana and later a son Kojo. The couple separated in the late seventies that is when Kojo was six years old and got a divorce two years later. In 1984, Annan remarried to Nane Legergran a Swedish lawyer at the United Nations (UN).3
Between 1954 and 1957, Annan attended the Elite Mfantsipim School, a Methodist Boarding School in Cape Coast, founded in the 1870s. Annan has said that the school taught him “that suffering anywhere concerns people every where.4 In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, Ghana gained independence from Britain.
At the age of twenty, he won a Ford Foundation Scholarship for undergraduate studies at Macalester College, St. Paul. In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States. In 1961, Annam then did a DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. After some years of work experience, Annan became the Alfred P. Sloan Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management.5 Even then, he was showing signs of becoming a diplomat, or someone skilled in International Relations. At the end of his fellowship program, he was awarded a Master of Science (M.Sc.) degree in Management.
Early Career
In 1962, Kofi Annan started working as a Budget Officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN). In 1972, he moved to Cairo, Egypt, as Chief Civilian Personnel Officer in the UN emergency force. Annan briefly changed career in 1974 when he left the United Nations to serve as Managing Director of the Ghana Tourist Development Company where he worked as the Director of Tourism in Ghana. Annan returned to International Diplomacy at the United Nations in 1976. For the next seven years, he was associated with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Geneva. He returned to the UN Headquarters in New York City in 1983 as Director of the Budget in the Financial Services Office. In the late 1980s, Annan returned to work for the UN, where he was appointed as an Assistant Secretary-General in three consecutive positions. Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator (1987 – 1990), he became Assistant Security-General for another department at the United Nations, the office of Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller (1990 – 1992) and Peace Keeping Operations (March 1993 – December 1996).
In fulfilling his duties to the United Nations, Annan has spent most of his adult life in the United States, specifically at the UN headquarters in New York City. Annan has by this time filled a number of roles at the United Nations, ranging from peace keeping to managerial and 1990s were no different. In 1990, he negotiated the release of hostages in Iraq following the invasion of Kuwait. Five years later, he oversaw the transition of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) to the Multi-national Implementation Force (IFOR) a UN peace Keeping organization. In this transfer of responsibility, operations in the former Yugoslavia were turned over to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
The Rwandan Genocide took place in 1994 while Annan directed UN peacekeeping operations. In 2003, Canadian ex-General Romeo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide. In his book, shake hands with the devil: The failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003). General Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict, and from providing more logistical and material support. Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to provide responses to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository, such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis.
In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said “I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and really support”.6 Annan served as Under-Secretary-General from March 1994 to October 1995. He was appointed a Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving for five months before returning to his duties as Under-Secretary-General in April 1996. In recognition of his abilities, Annan was appointed Secretary-General, the top post of the United Nations by the UN General Assembly in December 1996. He began serving his four-year term of office on January 1, 1997. Joining him was his second wife, former lawyer+- Nane Lagergren of Sweden. She is the niece of the diplomat Raoul Wallenberg (1912 – 1947), who saved thousands of European Jews from the German Nazis during World War II (1937 – 45), when American-led forces fought against Germany, Italy and Japan. Annan and Lagergren were married in 1985. The couple had one child.
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https://press.un.org/en/1998/19980518.sgsm6563.html
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SECRETARY-GENERAL SAYS REWARD OF WORKING IN SERVICE OF HUMANITY IS KNOWING ONE PERSON 'CAN TRULY MAKE A DIFFERENCE'
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1998-05-18T12:00:00+00:00
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18 May 1998 Press ReleaseSG/SM/6563 SECRETARY-GENERAL SAYS REWARD OF WORKING IN SERVICE OF HUMANITY IS KNOWING ONE PERSON 'CAN TRULY MAKE A DIFFERENCE' 19980518 CHECK AGAINST DELIVERY In Commencement Address at Macalester College, Kofi Annan Tells Members of Class of '98 to 'Go out and Make Your Difference in This World' Following is the text of Secretary-General Kofi Annan's commencement address at Macalester College, in St. Paul, Minnesota, on 17 May:
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en
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/themes/custom/un3_press/favicon.ico
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https://press.un.org/en/1998/19980518.sgsm6563.html
|
18 May 1998
Press Release
SG/SM/6563
SECRETARY-GENERAL SAYS REWARD OF WORKING IN SERVICE OF HUMANITY IS KNOWING ONE PERSON 'CAN TRULY MAKE A DIFFERENCE'
19980518 CHECK AGAINST DELIVERY In Commencement Address at Macalester College, Kofi Annan Tells Members of Class of '98 to 'Go out and Make Your Difference in This World'
Following is the text of Secretary-General Kofi Annan's commencement address at Macalester College, in St. Paul, Minnesota, on 17 May:
Thank you, President McPherson, for that kind introduction. I am always very happy to be back at Macalester; today, I am also honoured to be here. When I visited you in the fall of 1994, those of you graduating today were just beginning your freshman year. In so many ways, today is one of those rare occasions that feel as though life has come full circle.
I am gratified to see how much has changed, expanded and improved since my day, and yet how much is still the same. Just like the best things in life. The Old Main looks just as beautiful from outside, even though the interior has been vastly spruced up. You have new science halls, a new library, new dorms, a new chapel. The grass where I played soccer, the track where I ran the 100-yard dash, are gone; you have new athletic fields where, I hope, people are doing even better than we did in our day.
What you have retained is the intimate nature of this small liberal arts college.
The internationalism:
-- almost half of you have studied abroad, and more than 10 per cent of you are international students, as I was.
The volunteerism:
-- several hundred of you have served in one way or another. It makes me proud to call Mac my alma mater.
Four years ago, I spoke to you about our interdependent world; I spoke about the need for universities to change what they learn and teach in relation to how the world had changed; I said that the better universities had adjusted to this fact.
I said that Macalester understood this 30 years ago; I said that it had prepared us for what was to come; I know that in these four years, it will have prepared you admirably.
The global outlook which Macalester will have instilled in you is indispensable in today's world. Issues before the United Nations, such as the environment, drugs, pandemics, sustainable development, are issues cut across all frontiers. This is the message we are trying to send to the world. Yet too many people are still thinking in local terms, constrained by boundaries.
This is where we need to be sensitive to the concerns of others, to think in much broader terms than our own narrow confines. This is where we need to rely on the power of education, of communication, of information.
The challenges of our age are problems without passports; to address them we need blueprints without borders. The United Nations is there to provide them.
And yet, this same United Nations is undergoing a financial crisis. The unpaid dues owed by the United States amounts to $1.6 billion. While this is a critical sum for the United Nations, it's slightly less than the money Titanic has made around the world in a matter of months.
Reflect for a moment on what $1.6 billion actually means to a great country like yours. On a per capita basis, it represents just over six dollars per American to repay a debt built up over a decade.
That amount would not buy you a pitcher of beer at O'Gara's.
Given this school's record of service, many of you also know already that the true measure of success in a human life is what we give back to our fellow men and women.
Our strongest role models -- whether they are the heroes of legends or the man or woman next door -- personify this quality beyond any other. But you will possess that quality on one condition: that you have the courage to believe that what you do makes a difference. The year of 1961, when I left this campus to go out into the world, was also the year my predecessor Dag Hammarskjold died. I would like to share with you his last words to the staff of the United Nations at Headquarters in New York.
- 3 - Press Release SG/SM/6563 18 May 1998
They were to be his last public words anywhere before his plane crashed during a mission to the Congo a week later.
"Dejection and despair lead to defeatism -- and defeat. It is false pride to boast to the world about the importance of one's work, but it is false humility, and finally just as destructive, not to recognize -- and recognize with gratitude -- that one's work has a sense. Let us avoid the second fallacy as carefully as the first, and let us work in the conviction that our work has a meaning beyond the narrow and individual one and has meant something for man[kind]."
Those words present us with a challenge, but they also provide us with a source of strength. I cannot advise you about your choices for the future. That is a job for those closest to you, and above all, for your own hearts and minds.
But I can encourage you. In this changing world of new challenges we need, more than ever before, dedicated and talented individuals to enter public service. More than ever before, we need people like you sitting here today, the Mac Class of '98, to make the choice of service to humankind.
It is not an easy choice to make. Some of you may be put off by the perceived weakness of the public institutions of our day; some of you may be tempted by the immediate gains offered by the private sector.
To the first I would say: joining a winning team is an easy option.
It is precisely when an institution, a cause, is struggling to find its way that it needs the support of the best and most courageous people.
To the second, I would say: the reward of working in the service of humanity goes far beyond material gain; it is the reward of knowing that one person -- you -- can truly make a difference.
When we think of intervention today, we think of armies, alliances and organizations. But intervention can mean many things. Yes, a military alliance can intervene when instability threatens a region. Yes, a community can intervene when its own ranks are threatened by intolerance.
But there is also such a thing as individual intervention.
You may think to yourself, what difference can one person make in the face of giant corporations, ecological threats and organized conflict? Yet there have always been, and always will be, those who make a difference one by one. Look to Nelson Mandela, who went from prisoner to president because of his unbending integrity, bravery and beliefs. Look to Aung San Suu Kyi, who
- 4 - Press Release SG/SM/6563 18 May 1998
remains a lodestar of democratic values after years in house arrest in Myanmar. Look to Jody Williams, who helped spur governments across the world to join forces with 1,000 NGOs to achieve the treaty banning anti-personnel mines. Look to Raoul Wallenberg, who as a Swedish diplomat in Budapest saved the lives of tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews during the Second World War.
The last example is especially moving for me, both as Secretary-General of the United Nations and in my personal capacity; for Raoul is my wife's uncle.
Raoul's life and achievements highlighted the vital role of the individual amidst conflict and suffering. His intervention gave hope to victims, encouraged them to fight and resist, to hang on and bear witness. It aroused our collective consciousness. The mystery remains, however: why were and are there so few Raouls?
These individuals' lives should be an inspiration for others to act; for future generations to act; for all of us to act. As Edmund Burke wrote: "All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing".
It matters less whether you choose to go into the service of your government, local or federal, or an organization, non-governmental or intergovernmental. It matters not if you work in a soup kitchen across town or a literacy programme in Africa. What matters is that you choose to devote your life to the service of a better world for your fellow men and women.
As part of its curriculum, Mac has always motivated its students to go out and work in the world beyond these campus walls. Build on the courage which that has instilled in you. Act on your innocence; explore new frontiers where older, wiser, more cautious people might not. Failure is part of success; if you don't fail now and then, it probably means you are not pushing hard enough.
Courage does not mean lack of fear, for only the foolish are fearless; it means doing things in spite of your fear. Confront those fears, take risks for what you believe, for it is only then you will find what you are capable of; you will discover that if your intentions are good, the worst your opponents can do to you is really not that bad. Go out and make your difference in this world. And don't forget to have fun along the way. The very best of luck to you all.
* *** *
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https://thebftonline.com/2021/06/14/kandifo-institute-hosts-maiden-kofi-annan-scholars-webinar/
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en
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Kandifo Institute hosts maiden Kofi Annan Scholars webinar
|
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2021-06-14T00:00:00
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The Kandifo Institute has hosted the maiden edition of the Kofi Annan Scholars Webinar with Dr. Kodjo Esseim Mensah-Abrampa, the Director General of the National Development Planning Commission as guest speaker. This comes on the back of the annual Kofi Annan lectures. The webinar themed ‘Kofi Annan and Africa’ saw the staff and associates of […]
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en
|
The Business & Financial Times
|
https://thebftonline.com/2021/06/14/kandifo-institute-hosts-maiden-kofi-annan-scholars-webinar/
|
The Kandifo Institute has hosted the maiden edition of the Kofi Annan Scholars Webinar with Dr. Kodjo Esseim Mensah-Abrampa, the Director General of the National Development Planning Commission as guest speaker. This comes on the back of the annual Kofi Annan lectures. The webinar themed ‘Kofi Annan and Africa’ saw the staff and associates of Kandifo Institute in attendance.
Videos on the life of Kofi Annan was played to portray the life he lived. Kofi Annan was a man seen as a guiding force for good. His desire was to see a more peaceful world and was driven by this desire to see a prosperous Africa. He is a legend, a man that Africans look up to, a true hero. Kofi Annan’s work and words have inspired thousands of people across the globe both the old and young.
Guest speaker, Dr. Kodjo Esseim Mensah-Abrampa while talking about the life of Kofi Annan made mention of three key things: Sequential life, Educational Journey and his transparency as a man of just and truth.
In his lecture, he complimented Kofi Annan on his knowledge with opportunities by forming relationships with academia personalities. The guest speaker took us through the educational life of one of Africa’s greatest hero, Kofi Annan. Annan’s path overseas was set in motion when he attended a meeting of African student leaders in Sierra Leone as the vice-president of the Ghana Students’ Union.
After his secondary school education at Mfantsipim Boys School in Ghana, Annan went on to pursue higher education and attended four different colleges; Kumasi College of Science and Technology which is now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva (Switzerland) and the MIT Sloan School of Management in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He earned a number of degrees which included a Master of Science and studied International relations.
In his lecture, Dr. Kodjo Esseim Mensah-Abrampa described Kofi Annan as a man who looked at things in a wholistic view. He was an integrated man who looked at the dimension of the problems and offered a solution which led to the establishment of some millennial goals which was halving extreme poverty.
He did not simply urge member countries to solve their problems but rather he presented a framework that would allow states to embed poverty reduction strategies into their plans for national development and policy. He also used his political prowess to bargain and incentivize richer nations to increase spending on development aid to 0.7% of their national incomes, a portion that can be described as low even today.
He was a champion of world development and poverty reduction particularly in his native continent of Africa. He became the chairman of the Africa Progress Panel after his second final term as the United Nations Secretary-General.
The panel under his tenure advocated for the equitable and sustainable development of African Nations through international collaboration and engagement in global politics. He then helped to establish the annual Africa Progress report that, among many things, analyzed and reported on the progress that African Nations were making toward the Sustainable Development Goals. Remembering Kofi Annan’s fight against global poverty is very important since it serves as a model of the amount of commitment, patience and humanity that are needed to make a difference.
He was a nationalist who never forgot his origin and cherished his long friendship with Former President John Agyekum Kufuor, Nelson Mandela and the king of the Ashanti Kingdom, Otumfuo Osei Tutu II.
He set up a peace building focus with Nelson Mandela and turned the negative into positive. As the head of the United Nations’ peacekeeping operation that failed to prevent genocides in Bosnia and Rwanda, he erroneously received personal blame and scrutiny throughout the rough times in his career but yet still, he carried himself in a gracious manner and pushed forward to fix his short comings by molding the institutional legitimacy of the United Nations.
His work on reducing the global poverty and human rights abuses earned him unprecedented praise from world leaders and representatives of poor and rich nations as well as a Nobel Prize in 2001. The speaker stated that even though some people in government defamed him as well as his family, he took a positive turn as a man of integrity and a stateman.
The Kandifo Kofi Annan Scholars webinar was a success as most young people derived life lessons from the well lived life of Kofi Annan. After the speaker was done with his presentation, the opportunity was given to participants to ask questions. This made the session very interactive.
Two key questions that came up were:
With respect to leveraging opportunities, how do young people explore such opportunities irrespective of the given circumstance of life?
How do we make way for Kofi Annan’s impact in our educational set up in terms of curriculum?
The guest speaker indicated how the question in a way took him back to the olden days and how things were done which seem quite different from what we have presently. He recounted his experience growing up and how people like Kofi Annan grabbed opportunities that came their way.
According to Dr. Mensah-Abrampa, there were clubs for the youth which at the time, were of interest to many young people. But in recent times, such clubs are not functional and the few ones that may have survived are not of interest to many youths. He admonished all participants to take advantage of opportunities that may come their way stating emphatically that they must “identify opportunities and leverage them.”
Dr. Mensah-Abrampa touched on Ghana’s abundant rich resources stating explicitly, that growth-weight and inclusivity were key. He also made mention of how the country was going to make use of her iron and steel; raw materials in the railway industry for instance which is in the pipeline through the works of Ghana Integrated Iron and Steel Development Corporation (GIISDEC).
After the question-and-answer session, the Executive Director of Kandifo Institute, Palgrave Boakye-Danquah opened the floor to share some of their takeaway lessons which was also a success as participants expressed their appreciation for the webinar and for learning the life of Kofi Annan.
Kofi Annan was seen as a beacon of diplomacy, peace and unity locally and in the international community and believed that together we can make our world a better and comfortable place to be, Kandifo Institute also believes that, Together Ghana Can also make the country better with the young people. Kofi Annan may be gone but will forever be in our hearts.
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https://themacweekly.com/74597/news/annan-lived-colleges-mission-leaves-towering-legacy/
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Annan lived college’s mission, leaves towering legacy
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2018-09-14T04:04:55+00:00
|
Kofi Annan ‘61 in coversation with President Brian Rosenberg at the Leonard Center in May. Annan died in August, leaving a towering legacy at his alma mater. Photo courtesy of Macalester Communications and Marketing. [/caption] On August 18, just over three months after he appeared for the final time on this campus for the renaming...
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/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Screen-Shot-2019-09-12-at-3.32.30-PM.png
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The Mac Weekly
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https://themacweekly.com/74597/news/annan-lived-colleges-mission-leaves-towering-legacy/
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Kofi Annan ‘61 in coversation with President Brian Rosenberg at the Leonard Center in May. Annan died in August, leaving a towering legacy at his alma mater. Photo courtesy of Macalester Communications and Marketing. [/caption]
On August 18, just over three months after he appeared for the final time on this campus for the renaming of the Institute of Global Citizenship (IGC) in his honor, Kofi Annan ’61, Macalester’s most famous son, died in Switzerland. He was 80 years old.
Perhaps more than any other figure, the former Secretary-General of the United Nations (U.N.) and world-renowned diplomat best embodied the college’s mission and ambition: to unrelentingly pursue the causes of peace and justice, with courage and grace, on the global stage.
In some ways for Macalester, he was a northern star. Beyond any collection of words, the college could simply point to Annan and say: this is who we are. Born in what is now Ghana, Annan arrived as a student in St. Paul with the benefit of a Ford Foundation grant in the fall of 1959 – nine years after then-college president Charles Turck first raised the United Nations flag beneath the U.S. flag on campus.
It was a time of important growth for Macalester, which, against the backdrop of the Cold War, was recommitting itself to the liberal arts and continuing to establish itself as a proponent of internationalism amongst American colleges.
Annan fit in well. Studying economics and working with the likes of Theodore Mitau and J. Huntley Dupre he was taken both with the intellectual rigor of the college and the diversity of the people he found.
In addition to playing soccer for Yahya Armajani, Annan ran track and was an avid ping-pong player – regularly competing in and placing at tournaments held across campus.
One of the biggest adjustments he made in transitioning to life at Macalester had to do with the weather. According to a 2008 college publication, Annan reportedly found earmuffs unattractive and refused to wear them during his first winter at the college – but quickly changed course.
“Never walk into an environment,” he later said, “and assume that you understand it better than the people who live there.”
In August of 1960, after completing his first year at the college, Annan and three other international students drove with a professor and his wife some 50,000 miles across the United States as part of a DeWitt Wallace-backed program called “Ambassadors for Friendship.”
When he returned to campus in the fall, Annan continued to flourish. His final year at Macalester would see him become a state champion orator at what is now St. Catherine University, and go on to represent Minnesota at a regional oratorical contest at Northwestern University.
In addition to his speaking and athletic endeavors, Annan served as president of the college’s young Cosmopolitan Club, promoting friendship between U.S. and international students, and worked as a staff member of The Mac Weekly before graduating in May of 1961.
The very next year, Annan took his first job with the United Nations as a budget officer for the World Health Organization in Geneva. Though he earned a Master’s degree in management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology a decade later, he never worked anywhere else.
Over the next three decades, as Annan worked his way up to become Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping at the UN, he had little contact with his alma mater. Then, suddenly, with a phone call to then-Macalester president Robert Gavin from another of the college’s most notable figures, that changed.
“I think it was in the fall of ’93, I got a call from Fritz Mondale – who had just been named US ambassador to Japan,” Gavin said. “And Fritz said that they had just had a reception for him in New York, and a man came up to him and told him he was a Macalester graduate.”
Furthermore, Mondale said, he’d learned that this man was “‘an important person at the UN – in fact, he’s in charge of peacekeeping operations. His name is Kofi Annan, do you know him?’”
Gavin did not. But, soon after, he gave Annan’s office a call.
“In a couple of seconds he came on the phone,” Gavin said. “We introduced ourselves to each other, and I said I’d really like to get together with you at some time. I [told him] I was going to be in New York in a few days on business, and he said, ‘why don’t we have lunch?’”
The two met several days later in the U.N. lunchroom, and it became immediately clear to Gavin that he was dealing with a person who was held in very high regard by those who knew him.
“It was obvious in walking over to the table with him that not only did he know everybody, but he had dealings with everyone,” Gavin said. “Every table we walked by, people were saying ‘Hello, Kofi,’ [and] ‘I look forward to working with you on this.’
“So I said to Kofi, ‘we’d really like to get you involved with the college. I know you’ve got a lot [going on], but if there’s anything you’re willing to do, we’d love to have you do it.’”
Shortly thereafter, Gavin came back with a concrete proposal: to add Annan to the college’s Board of Trustees.
“He asked how many meetings per year,” Gavin said, “and how many days per meeting, and then said ‘definitely, I’ll do it.’
“That was ’93,” Gavin continued. “I left in ’96. In those three years, he made every trustee meeting but one. That one he called me ahead of time, and said there had a been a flare up and he just had to go to the Balkans to handle some things. And he apologized. Then he sent a letter to the Board Chair apologizing for missing the meeting. That’s how committed he was.”
It was a commitment that he expressed often. Annan’s tenure on the board coincided with the college’s hiring of professor Ahmed Samatar as its Dean of International Studies and Programming and Chair of the international studies department, and the two men talked often when Annan visited.
“[He was] quite passionate about the education he had gotten here, and the impact that Macalester College had on his life,” Samatar said. “And grateful to the college for that. And [he] always wanted to bring honor to the college.
“He would repeat that every time I had a conversation with him,” Samatar continued, “and when I talked to him about the students there would be a gleam in his eyes.” Annan interacted with those students often when he had the chance. In 1994, he spoke outside of the Weyerhaeuser Memorial Chapel about how he came to Macalester “thirty years before the end of Apartheid, a decade before the Civil Rights movement – and found a celebration of diversity.”
On New Year’s Day, 1997, Annan became the seventh Secretary-General of the UN. He left the board of trustees at that point, but continued to return to Macalester – receiving an honorary degree and speaking at commencement in 1998 – and to keep up with one of its signature events.
“Kofi would get the [International Roundtable] publications,” Samatar said, “and he would send me notes: ‘this is fantastic, this is magnificent, this is splendid work’ – always he would send a note when he received the Roundtable publication.”
In 2001, for his work in revitalizing the UN around a steadfast commitment to human rights, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Macalester bought advertising space in The New York Times and on both National and Minnesota Public Radio to congratulate him.
Around this time, there was talk of the college opening an institute committed to civic and international engagement. When Macalester appointed a new president in 2003, the project got a significant boost.
“Brian Rosenberg was adamant that we should raise the funds, build the place, and get going with this,” Samatar said.
That’s what the college did. The IGC opened, with Samatar serving as its inaugural dean, in 2005.
“In that time, [Kofi] was always asking about how it was going, and [was] quite attached to the institute because he thought, as President Rosenberg also thought, and I thought, that the institute sooner or later will become the crystallization of Macalester’s global identity,” Samatar said.
From the beginning, Rosenberg and Samatar talked about when the time would come to name the IGC for Annan. As it happened, that time finally arrived in May. “I met him when he was here, and I think he was overjoyed and humbled by the recognition of his own college,” Samatar said. “That his name now belongs to the ages.”
On that visit, in which the former ping-pong devotee signed a pair of paddles that will soon be displayed in the Leonard Center, it was in private moments, just as much as it was in public ones, that Annan made an impression on those who spent time with him.
“What was really striking to me was that he interacted with every person in an incredibly human, individual way,” current Dean of the IGC Donna Maeda said. “He greeted staff people, security people – everybody was someone [who] he wanted to talk to.”
During those days, Annan appeared healthy and vigorous. His illness this summer was short, and his death relatively sudden. At convocation a week ago Thursday, Rosenberg called him “the most impressive and wisest person I’ve ever met,” and his death “a deep, deep loss.”
“Macalester people may be surprised to learn that Macalester is not the best known college in the world,” Gavin said. “But it is known around the world, because of Kofi. “His commitment to peace, his commitment to international understanding, his commitment to people, his willingness to serve – these are all things that represent the highest ideals of Macalester,” he continued.
Samatar agreed.
“It’s the culture of the place,” he said. “There’s a particular kind of Macalester that shows whether [students] are from a small town in Oregon or whether they are from a small town in India, or Nigeria, or Sweden. And he typified that.”
For his part, Annan said his experience at Macalester was “fundamental” to what he became later in life. For a college, there must be no greater compliment. “To live is to choose,” Annan said. “But to choose well, you must know who you are and what you stand for, where you want to go – and why you want to get there.”
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https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi_Annan
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Kofi Annan
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2010-11-10T21:09:25+00:00
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/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
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https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi_Annan
|
Kofi Atta Annan (born 8 Aprile 1938; deed 18 August 2018) wis a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seivent Secretary-General o the Unitit Naitions frae 1 Januar 1997 tae 31 December 2006. Annan an the Unitit Naitions wur the co-recipients o the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize for his foondin the Global AIDS and Health Fund for tae support developin kintras in thair fecht tae care for thair fowk. He deed in 2018, in Bern, Swisserland, efter a short illness.
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https://www.topuniversities.com/blog/10-most-successful-mit-graduates
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10 of the Most Successful MIT Graduates
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2018-09-11T00:00:00
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Discover some of the biggest success stories to come out of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)...
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en
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/themes/custom/tu_d8/favicon.ico
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Top Universities
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https://www.topuniversities.com/blog/10-most-successful-mit-graduates
|
It’s safe to say that Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is firmly established among the world’s most prestigious universities – it’s been ranked first in the QS World University Rankings® for seven years in a row, and has now added another string to its bow by overtaking Stanford to rank first in the world in the QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2019. MIT achieved a perfect score for the ‘alumni outcomes’ indicator (one of the five used to calculate the ranking), having been associated with 91 Nobel Prize winners, while more than a third of the US’s manned spaceflights have featured MIT-educated astronauts.
But which MIT graduates have done particularly well for themselves? Read on to find out about some of the top tech school’s most successful alumni…
The second person to walk on the Moon, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin gained a doctorate in astronautics at MIT in 1963. His dissertation was titled, "Line-of-sight Guidance Techniques for Manned Orbital Rendezvous." His first impression of the Moon was that it was “magnificent desolation”, which became the title of one of his autobiographies. Also a former US Air Force officer and command pilot, Buzz has recently expressed his support for a manned mission to Mars and colonization of the planet by 2040.
Ilene S. Gordon, CEO, President and Chairman of Ingredion, earned her BSc in mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1975, then changed her mind about becoming a math teacher and decided to go into business, graduating with a Master of Science from the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1976. She has received widespread recognition for her success, and was ranked 45th in Fortune Magazine’s list of the 50 Most Powerful Women in Business in 2015.
Richard Feynman studied ‘Introduction to Theoretical Physics’ in his second year at MIT, an advanced class intended for postgraduate students, and graduated in 1939. He then studied a PhD at Princeton University before working on the Manhattan Project, having been persuaded to help build the first atomic bomb before Nazi Germany could. He went on to lecture at both Cornell University and Caltech whilst developing significant research in quantum electrodynamics, leading to his Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965.
Co-founder and CEO of BuzzFeed and one of the co-founders of The Huffington Post, Jonah Peretti originally studied his bachelor’s degree at University of California, Santa Cruz before going on to complete a postgraduate degree at MIT’s Media Lab. While there, he became prominent when his email exchange with Nike about his request to print "sweatshop" on custom-order shoes went viral. He coined the term “reblog” and has continued to use his knowledge of social media sharing to grow BuzzFeed so that users browse the site for genuine news, as well as the site’s staple diet of humorous listicles.
Image credit: PopTech (Flickr)
In 1973 Shirley Ann Jackson became the first African-American woman to earn a doctorate from MIT. Having studied nuclear physics, she was the chairman of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission during the Clinton administration, and is now the president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. In 2007 the National Science Board gave Shirley the Vannevar Bush Award for "a lifetime of achievements in scientific research, education and senior statesman-like contributions to public policy", and she also won a National Medal of Science in 2016, for her work in condensed matter and particle physics.
Having graduated from the MIT Sloan School of Management with a Masters in Management in 1986, Robin Chase has since gone on to become a successful transportation entrepreneur, founding her own car-sharing service, Buzzcar, as well as being a co-founder and former CEO of Zipcar, the largest car-sharing company in the world. In 2014 she received both an honorary PhD from Illinois Institute of Technology and a Women's Leadership Award from Harvard College.
Kofi Annan was the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006, and was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize in 2001 along with the UN for “their work for a better organized and more peaceful world”. He also established the Kofi Annan Foundation, an independent, not-for profit organization which works to promote better international governance and support the abilities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more peaceful world. Following his death on August 18 2018, current UN Secretary-General António Guterres called Kofi Annan "A champion for peace and a guiding force for good."
Image credit: NASA Hubble Space Telescope (Flickr)
You might recognize him from The Big Bang Theory, but did you know he was a real astronaut (playing himself)? Michael graduated from MIT in 1988 with MSc degrees in mechanical engineering, technology and public policy. He is now the senior advisor of space programs at the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum and a professor of mechanical engineering at Columbia University, having previously attended the university for his bachelor’s degree in industrial engineering.
Andrea Wong, the president of Sony International Production, graduated from MIT in 1988 with a degree in electrical engineering and went on to gain an MBA from Stanford University. Prior to working for Sony, Andrea was an executive for ABC in America, where she helped develop popular TV shows The Bachelor, Dancing with the Stars and the Emmy Award-winning Extreme Makeover: Home Edition.
Honorary mention: James Woods dropped out of MIT in his final year of studying political science in 1969 to pursue a successful career in acting, having so far received three Emmy Awards, one Golden Globe and two Academy Award nominations.
This blog post was originally published in September 2015. It was last updated in September 2018 to reflect the results of the latest the QS Graduate Employability Rankings.
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https://nca.org.gh/2023/11/23/joe-anokye-starts-delivering12th-r-p-baffour-memorial-lectures-at-knust/
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Joe Anokye Starts Delivering12th R.P. Baffour Memorial Lectures at KNUST – National Communications Authority
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2023-11-23T00:00:00
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https://nca.org.gh/2023/11/23/joe-anokye-starts-delivering12th-r-p-baffour-memorial-lectures-at-knust/
|
23rd November, 2023: The Director General of the National Communications Authority (NCA), Joe Anokye is delivering the 12th R.P. Baafour Memorial Lecture at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in Kumasi.
The lectures, established in honor of the first Ghanaian Vice Chancellor of KNUST, is being delivered under the broad theme, “KNUST After 70: A New Age for A Renewed Focus In An Era of Disruptive Technologies”.
Mr. Joe Anokye, Director General of the NCA delivering his first lecture at the event
In the first of three lectures, Mr. Anokye, a Geodetic Engineer and an alumnus of KNUST spoke under the the sub-theme, “KNUST, a history of remarkable growth in science and technology education, resilience and adaptability in the digital space”.
Mr. Anokye recounted the establishment of KNUST and the various high points since its establishment to add up to the advancement of education and Ghana’s science and technology space. He acknowledged the role of KNUST in that regard while singling out alumni such as Kofi Annan, Professor Francis Allotey, Dr. Thomas Mensah, Ibrahim Mahama, the Tamale-born artist, and various past Vice Chancellors for the introduction of various programmes that have placed KNUST on the world academic map.
According to Mr. Anokye, “the illustrious legacy of KNUST is not merely anchored in its academic and infrastructural triumphs but is brought to life by the luminaries it has produced over the years”. Their success stories, he added, are testament to the academic rigor and holistic grooming that KNUST prides itself in.
Mr. Joe Anokye sharing some pleasantries with the, Vice Chancellor of KNUST,
Prof . Mrs. Rita Akosua Dickson after the first lecture.
The NCA boss also touched on Ghana’s telecommunications growth over the past decades starting from the days of the use of smoke signals and gong-gong beaters through various advancements including the introduction of postal services, telegram usages and the coming in of broadcasting amongst others.
In concluding his first of three lectures, Mr. Anokye said “as we pivot from honoring the remarkable 70-year legacy of KNUST, we seamlessly weave into the theme: “KNUST After 70: A New Age for a Renewed Focus in an Era of Disruptive Technologies”. The onus rests on us to rekindle Dr. R. P. Baffour’s flame of visionary leadership, ensuring that KNUST remains illuminated, guiding not just Ghana but the entire African continent into an era where technology is not just adopted, but innovated, understood, and pioneered, here, within our revered walls”.
Mr. Anokye’s second lecture will be titled “Ghana’s Digitalisation Drive, a response to the New Age of Disruptive Technologies”. This will be delivered on Thursday afternoon and the last lecture will be themed “KNUST, a Renewed Focus in the Era of Disruptive Technologies”.
A group Picture of Mr. Joe Anokye, Vice Chancellor of KNUST, Prof . Mrs. Rita Akosua Dickson and some dignitaries
A cross- section of participants at the event
About R.P. Baafour Memorial Lectures
The R.P. Baffour Memorial Lectures were inaugurated in 2012 to commemorate the life and contributions of Dr. Robert Patrick Baffour. The lectures are designed to promote scholarly debate on issues of national and international importance.
Dr Baffour was a Ghanaian engineer, politician, and university administrator who served as the first Vice-Chancellor of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology from 1961 to 1967. He was also a pioneer in engineering education in Ghana. Robert Patrick Baffour (a.k.a. Papa Andoh) was born on 14 May 1912 in Elmina. His father was in the service of the British Civil Service in Nigeria as a Master of Schools. He was the first-born son of Robert Patrick Baffour Andoh and Maria Frederica Adwoa Kane (Okai).
Between 1917 and 1926, Baffour attended various schools in Ghana and Nigeria: Catholic School in Elmina, Okar Government School in Nigeria and Richmond College.
Baffour attended the Mfantsipim School and obtained the Cambridge Senior School Certificate with exemption from London Matriculation. After secondary school, he achieved the singular honour of coming first in the Civil Service Examination of his time.
Yet instead of joining the British Civil Service, he chose to continue his education at Achimota College to study engineering, where he was taught by Charles Deakin, a founding engineering instructor at the school. He became the first Ghanaian to obtain a University of London degree in mechanical engineering on Ghanaian soil.
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https://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0704/2006474152-b.html
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Contributor biographical information for Library of Congress control number 2006474152
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contributor biographical information
| null |
Contributor biographical information for The Iraq Study Group report / James A. Baker, III, and Lee H. Hamilton, co-chairs; Lawrence S. Eagleburger ... [et al.].
Bibliographic record and links to related information available from the Library of Congress catalog
Biographical text provided by the publisher (may be incomplete or contain other coding). The Library of Congress makes no claims as to the accuracy of the information provided, and will not maintain or otherwise edit/update the information supplied by the publisher.
James A. Baker, III — Co-Chair
James A. Baker, III has served in senior government positions under three United States presidents. He served as the nation’s 61st Secretary of State from January 1989 through August 1992 under President George H. W. Bush. During his tenure at the State Department, Mr. Baker traveled to 90 foreign countries as the United States confronted the unprecedented challenges and opportunities of the post–Cold War era. Mr. Baker’s reflections on those years of revolution, war, and peace—The Politics of Diplomacy—was published in 1995.
Mr. Baker served as the 67th Secretary of the Treasury from 1985 to 1988 under President Ronald Reagan. As Treasury Secretary, he was also Chairman of the President's Economic Policy Council. From 1981 to 1985, he served as White House Chief of Staff to President Reagan. Mr. Baker’s record of public service began in 1975 as Under Secretary of Commerce to President Gerald Ford. It concluded with his service as White House Chief of Staff and Senior Counselor to President Bush from August 1992 to January 1993.
Long active in American presidential politics, Mr. Baker led presidential campaigns for Presidents Ford, Reagan, and Bush over the course of five consecutive presidential elections from 1976 to 1992.
A native Houstonian, Mr. Baker graduated from Princeton University in 1952. After two years of active duty as a lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps, he entered the University of Texas School of Law at Austin. He received his J.D. with honors in 1957 and practiced law with the Houston firm of Andrews and Kurth from 1957 to 1975.
Mr. Baker’s memoir—Work Hard, Study . . . and Keep Out of Politics! Adventures and Lessons from an Unexpected Public Life—was published in October 2006.
Mr. Baker received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991 and has been the recipient of many other awards for distinguished public service, including Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson Award, the American Institute for Public Service’s Jefferson Award, Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government Award, the Hans J. Morgenthau Award, the George F. Kennan Award, the Department of the Treasury’s Alexander Hamilton Award, the Department of State’s Distinguished Service Award, and numerous honorary academic degrees.
Mr. Baker is presently a senior partner in the law firm of Baker Botts. He is Honorary Chairman of the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy at Rice University and serves on the board of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. From 1997 to 2004, Mr. Baker served as the Personal Envoy of United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan to seek a political solution to the conflict over Western Sahara. In 2003, Mr. Baker was appointed Special Presidential Envoy for President George W. Bush on the issue of Iraqi debt. In 2005, he was co-chair, with former President Jimmy Carter, of the Commission on Federal Election Reform. Since March 2006, Mr. Baker and former U.S. Congressman Lee H. Hamilton have served as the co-chairs of the Iraq Study Group, a bipartisan blue-ribbon panel on Iraq.
Mr. Baker was born in Houston, Texas, in 1930. He and his wife, the former Susan Garrett, currently reside in Houston, and have eight children and seventeen grandchildren.
Lee H. Hamilton — Co-Chair
Lee H. Hamilton became Director of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in January 1999. Previously, Mr. Hamilton served for thirty-four years as a United States Congressman from Indiana. During his tenure, he served as Chairman and Ranking Member of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs (now the Committee on International Relations) and chaired the Subcommittee on Europe and the Middle East from the early 1970s until 1993. He was Chairman of the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Select Committee to Investigate Covert Arms Transactions with Iran.
Also a leading figure on economic policy and congressional organization, he served as Chair of the Joint Economic Committee as well as the Joint Committee on the Organization of Congress, and was a member of the House Standards of Official Conduct Committee. In his home state of Indiana, Mr. Hamilton worked hard to improve education, job training, and infrastructure. Currently, Mr. Hamilton serves as Director of the Center on Congress at Indiana University, which seeks to educate citizens on the importance of Congress and on how Congress operates within our government.
Mr. Hamilton remains an important and active voice on matters of international relations and American national security. He served as a Commissioner on the United States Commission on National Security in the 21st Century (better known as the Hart-Rudman Commission), was Co-Chair with former Senator Howard Baker of the Baker-Hamilton Commission to Investigate Certain Security Issues at Los Alamos, and was Vice-Chairman of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (the 9/11 Commission), which issued its report in July 2004. He is currently a member of the President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board and the President’s Homeland Security Advisory Council, as well as the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Advisory Board.
Born in Daytona Beach, Florida, Mr. Hamilton relocated with his family to Tennessee and then to Evansville, Indiana. Mr. Hamilton is a graduate of DePauw_University and the Indiana University School of Law, and studied for a year at Goethe University in Germany. Before his election to Congress, he practiced law in Chicago and in Columbus, Indiana. A former high school and college basketball star, he has been inducted into the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame.
Mr. Hamilton’s distinguished service in government has been honored through numerous awards in public service and human rights as well as honorary degrees. He is the author of A Creative Tension—The Foreign Policy Roles of the President and Congress (2002) andHow Congress Works and Why You Should Care (2004), and the coauthor of Without Precedent: The Inside Story of the 9/11 Commission (2006).
Lee and his wife, the former Nancy Ann Nelson, have three children—Tracy Lynn Souza, Deborah Hamilton Kremer, and Douglas Nelson Hamilton—and five grandchildren: Christina, Maria, McLouis and Patricia Souza and Lina Ying Kremer.
Lawrence S. Eagleburger — Member
Lawrence S. Eagleburger was sworn in as the 62nd U.S. Secretary of State by President George H. W. Bush on December 8, 1992, and as Deputy Secretary of State on March 20, 1989.
After his entry into the Foreign Service in 1957, Mr. Eagleburger served in the U.S. Embassy in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, in the State Department Bureau of Intelligence and Research, in the U.S. Embassy in Belgrade, and the U.S. Mission to NATO_in Belgium. In 1963, after a severe earthquake in Macedonia, he led the U.S. government effort to provide medical and other assistance. He was then assigned to Washington, D.C., where he served on the Secretariat staff and as special assistant to Dean Acheson, advisor to the President on Franco-NATO issues. In August 1966, he became acting director of the Secretariat staff.
In October 1966, Mr. Eagleburger joined the National Security Council staff. In October 1967, he was assigned as special assistant to Under Secretary of State Nicholas Katzenbach. In November 1968, he was appointed Dr. Henry Kissinger’s assistant, and in January 1969, he became executive assistant to Dr. Kissinger at the White House. In September 1969, he was assigned as political advisor and chief of the political section of the U.S. Mission to NATO in Brussels.
Mr. Eagleburger became Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense in August 1971. Two years later, he became Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs. The same year he returned to the White House as Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Operations. He subsequently followed Dr. Kissinger to the State Department, becoming Executive Assistant to the Secretary of State. In 1975, he was made Deputy Under Secretary of State for Management.
In June 1977, Mr. Eagleburger was appointed Ambassador to Yugoslavia, and in 1981 he was nominated as Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs. In February 1982, he was appointed Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs.
Mr. Eagleburger has received numerous awards, including an honorary knighthood from Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II (1994); the Distinguished Service Award (1992), the Wilbur J. Carr Award (1984), and the Distinguished Honor Award (1984) from the Department of State; the Distinguished Civilian Service Medal from the Department of Defense (1978); and the President’s Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service (1976).
After retiring from the Department of State in May 1984, Mr. Eagleburger_was named president of Kissinger Associates, Inc. Following his resignation as Secretary of State on January 19, 1993, he joined the law firm of Baker, Donelson, Bearman and Caldwell as Senior Foreign Policy Advisor. He joined the boards of Halliburton Company, Phillips Petroleum Company, and Universal Corporation. Mr. Eagleburger currently serves as Chairman of the International Commission on Holocaust Era Insurance Claims.
He received his B.S. degree in 1952 and his M.S. degree in 1957, both from the University of Wisconsin, and served as first lieutenant in the U.S. Army from 1952 to 1954. Mr. Eagleburger is married to the former Marlene Ann Heinemann. He is the father of three sons, Lawrence Scott, Lawrence Andrew, and Lawrence Jason.
Vernon E. Jordan, Jr. — Member
Vernon E. Jordan, Jr., is a Senior Managing Director of Lazard Freres & Co. llc in New York. He works with a diverse group of clients across a broad range of industries.
Prior to joining Lazard, Mr. Jordan was a Senior Executive Partner with the law firm of Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld, LLP, where he remains Senior Counsel. While there Mr. Jordan practiced general, corporate, legislative, and international law in Washington, D.C.
Before Akin Gump, Mr. Jordan held the following positions: President and Chief Executive Officer of the National Urban League, Inc.; Executive Director of the United Negro College Fund, Inc.; Director of the Voter Education Project of the Southern Regional Council; Attorney-Consultant, U.S. Office of Economic Opportunity; Assistant to the Executive Director of the Southern Regional Council; Georgia Field Director of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; and an attorney in private practice in Arkansas and Georgia.
Mr. Jordan’s presidential appointments include the President’s Advisory Committee for the Points of Light Initiative Foundation, the Secretary of State’s Advisory Committee on South Africa, the Advisory Council on Social Security, the Presidential Clemency Board, the American Revolution Bicentennial Commission, the National Advisory Committee on Selective Service, and the Council of the White House Conference “To Fulfill These Rights.” In 1992, Mr. Jordan served as the Chairman of the Clinton Presidential Transition Team.
Mr. Jordan’s corporate and other directorships include American Express Company; Asbury Automotive Group, Inc.; Howard University (Trustee); J. C. Penney Company, Inc.; Lazard Ltd.; Xerox Corporation; and the International Advisory Board of Barrick Gold.
Mr. Jordan is a graduate of DePauw University and the Howard University Law School. He holds honorary degrees from more than 60 colleges and universities in America. He is a member of the bars of Arkansas, the District of Columbia, Georgia, and the U.S. Supreme Court. He is a member of the American Bar Association, the National Bar Association, the Council on Foreign Relations, and the Bilderberg Meetings and he is President of the Economic Club of Washington, D.C. Mr. Jordan is the author of Vernon Can Read! A Memoir (Public Affairs, 2001).
Edwin Meese III — Member
Edwin Meese III holds the Ronald Reagan Chair in Public Policy at the Heritage Foundation, a Washington, D.C.—based public policy research and education institution. He is also the Chairman of Heritage’s Center for Legal and Judicial Studies and a distinguished visiting fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University. In addition, Meese lectures, writes, and consults throughout the United States on a variety of subjects.
Meese is the author of With Reagan: The Inside Story, which was published by Regnery Gateway in June 1992; co-editor of Making America Safer, published in 1997 by the Heritage Foundation; and coauthor of Leadership, Ethics and Policing, published by Prentice Hall in 2004.
Meese served as the 75th Attorney General of the United States from February 1985 to August 1988. As the nation’s chief law enforcement officer, he directed the Department of Justice and led international efforts to combat terrorism, drug trafficking, and organized crime. In 1985 he received Government Executive magazine’s annual award for excellence in management.
From January 1981 to February 1985, Meese held the position of Counsellor to the President, the senior position on the White House staff, where he functioned as the President’s chief policy advisor. As Attorney General and as Counsellor, Meese was a member of the President’s cabinet and the National Security Council. He served as Chairman of the Domestic Policy Council and of the National Drug Policy Board. Meese headed the President-elect’s transition effort following the November 1980 election. During the presidential campaign, he served as chief of staff and senior issues advisor for the Reagan-Bush Committee.
Formerly, Meese served as Governor Reagan’s executive assistant and chief of staff in California from 1969 through 1974 and as legal affairs secretary from 1967 through 1968. Before joining Governor Reagan’s staff in 1967, Meese served as deputy district attorney in Alameda County, California. From 1977 to 1981, Meese was a professor of law at the University of San Diego, where he also was Director of the Center for Criminal Justice Policy and Management.
In addition to his background as a lawyer, educator, and public official, Meese has been a business executive in the aerospace and transportation industry, serving as vice president for administration of Rohr Industries, Inc., in Chula Vista, California. He left Rohr to return to the practice of law, engaging in corporate and general legal work in San Diego County.
Meese is a graduate of Yale University, Class of 1953, and holds a law degree from the University of California at Berkeley. He is a retired colonel in the United States Army Reserve. He is active in numerous civic and educational organizations. Meese is married, has two grown children, and resides in McLean, Virginia.
Sandra Day O’Connor — Member
Sandra Day O’Connor was nominated by President Reagan as Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court on July 7, 1981, and took the oath of office on September 25. O’Connor previously served on the Arizona Court of Appeals (1979–81) and as judge of the Maricopa County Superior Court in Phoenix, Arizona (1975–79). She was appointed as Arizona state senator in 1969 and was subsequently elected to two two-year terms from 1969 to 1975. During her tenure, she was Arizona Senate Majority Leader and Chairman of the State, County, and Municipal Affairs Committee, and she served on the Legislative Council, on the Probate Code Commission, and on the Arizona Advisory Council on Intergovernmental Relations.
From 1965 to 1969, O’Connor was assistant attorney general in Arizona. She practiced law at a private firm in Maryvale, Arizona, from 1958 to 1960 and prior to that was civilian attorney for Quartermaster Market Center in Frankfurt, Germany (1954–57), and deputy county attorney in San Mateo County, California (1952–53).
She was previously Chairman of the Arizona Supreme Court Committee to Reorganize Lower Courts (1974–75), Vice Chairman of the Arizona Select Law Enforcement Review Commission (1979–80), and, in Maricopa County, Chairman of the Bar Association Lawyer Referral Service (1960–62), the Juvenile Detention Home Visiting Board (1963–64), and the Superior Court Judges’ Training and Education Committee (1977–79) and a member of the Board of Adjustments and Appeals (1963–64).
O’Connor currently serves as Chancellor of the College of William and Mary and on the Board of Trustees of the Rockefeller Foundation, the Executive Board of the Central European and Eurasian Law Initiative, the Advisory Board of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, and the Advisory Committee of the American Society of International Law, Judicial. She is an honorary member of the Advisory Committee for the Judiciary Leadership Development Council, an honorary chair of America’s 400th Anniversary: Jamestown 2007, a co-chair of the National Advisory Council of the Campaign for the Civic Mission of Schools, a member of the Selection Committee of the Oklahoma City National Memorial & Museum, and a member of the Advisory Board of the Stanford Center on Ethics. She also serves on several bodies of the American Bar Association, including the Museum of Law Executive Committee, the Commission on Civic Education and Separation of Powers, and the Advisory Commission of the Standing Committee on the Law Library of Congress.
O’Connor previously served as a member of the Anglo-American Exchange (1980); the State Bar of Arizona Committees on Legal Aid, Public Relations, Lower Court Reorganization, and Continuing Legal Education; the National Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services (1974–76); the Arizona State Personnel Commission (1968–69); the Arizona Criminal Code Commission (1974–76); and the Cathedral Chapter of the Washington National Cathedral (1991–99).
O’Connor is a member of the American Bar Association, the State Bar of Arizona, the State Bar of California, the Maricopa County Bar Association, the Arizona Judges’ Association, the National Association of Women Judges, and the Arizona Women Lawyers’ Association. She holds a B.A. (with Great Distinction) and an LL.B. (Order of the Coif) from Stanford University, where she was also a member of the board of editors of the Stanford Law Review.
Leon E. Panetta — Member
Leon E. Panetta currently co-directs the Leon & Sylvia Panetta Institute for Public Policy, a nonpartisan study center for the advancement of public policy based at California State University, Monterey Bay. He serves as distinguished scholar to the chancellor of the California State University system, teaches a Master’s in Public Policy course at the Panetta Institute, is a presidential professor at Santa Clara University, and created the Leon Panetta Lecture Series.
Panetta first went to Washington in 1966, when he served as a legislative assistant to U.S. Senator Thomas H. Kuchel of California. In 1969, he became Special Assistant to the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare and then Director of the U.S. Office for Civil Rights. His book Bring Us Together (published in 1971) is an account of that experience. In 1970, he went to New York City, where he served as Executive Assistant to Mayor John Lindsay. Then, in 1971, Panetta returned to California, where he practiced law in the Monterey firm of Panetta, Thompson & Panetta until he was elected to Congress in 1976.
Panetta was a U.S. Representative from California’s 16th (now 17th) district from 1977 to 1993. He authored the Hunger Prevention Act of 1988, the Fair Employment Practices Resolution, legislation that established Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement for hospice care for the terminally ill, and other legislation on a variety of education, health, agriculture, and defense issues.
From 1989 to 1993, Panetta was Chairman of the House Committee on the Budget. He also served on that committee from 1979 to 1985. He chaired the House Agriculture Committee’s Subcommittee on Domestic Marketing, Consumer Relations and Nutrition; the House Administration Committee’s Subcommittee on Personnel and Police; and the Select Committee on Hunger’s Task Force on Domestic Hunger. He also served as Vice Chairman of the Caucus of Vietnam Era Veterans in Congress and as a member of the President’s Commission on Foreign Language and International Studies.
Panetta left Congress in 1993 to become Director of the Office of Management and Budget for the incoming Clinton administration. Panetta was appointed Chief of Staff to the President of the United States on July 17, 1994, and served in that position until January 20, 1997.
In addition, Panetta served a six-year term on the Board of Directors of the New York Stock Exchange beginning in 1997. He currently serves on many public policy and organizational boards, including as Chair of the Pew Oceans Commission and Co-Chair of the California Council on Base Support and Retention.
Panetta has received many awards and honors, including the Smithsonian Paul Peck Award for Service to the Presidency, the John H. Chafee Coastal Stewardship Award, the Julius A. Stratton Award for Coastal Leadership, and the Distinguished Public Service Medal from the Center for the Study of the Presidency.
He earned a B.A. magna cum laude from Santa Clara University in 1960, and in 1963 received his J.D. from Santa Clara University Law School, where he was an editor of the Santa Clara Law Review. He served as a first lieutenant in the Army from 1964 to 1966 and received the Army Commendation Medal. Panetta is married to the former Sylvia Marie Varni. They have three grown sons and five grandchildren.
William J. Perry — Member
William Perry is the Michael and Barbara Berberian Professor at Stanford University, with a joint appointment at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and the School of Engineering. He is a senior fellow at FSI and serves as co-director of the Preventive Defense Project, a research collaboration of Stanford and Harvard universities.
Perry was the 19th Secretary of Defense of the United States, serving from February 1994 to January 1997. He previously served as Deputy Secretary of Defense (1993–94) and as Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering (1977–81). He is on the board of directors of several emerging high-tech companies and is Chairman of Global Technology Partners.
His previous business experience includes serving as a laboratory director for General Telephone and Electronics (1954–64) and as founder and president of ESL Inc. (1964–77), executive vice president of Hambrecht & Quist Inc. (1981–85), and founder and chairman of Technology Strategies & Alliances (1985–93). He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
From 1946 to 1947, Perry was an enlisted man in the Army Corps of Engineers, and served in the Army of Occupation in Japan. He joined the Reserve Officer Training Corps in 1948 and was a second lieutenant in the Army Reserves from 1950 to 1955. He has received a number of awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1997), the Department of Defense Distinguished Service Medal (1980 and 1981), and Outstanding Civilian Service Medals from the Army (1962 and 1997), the Air Force (1997), the Navy (1997), the Defense Intelligence Agency (1977 and 1997), NASA (1981), and the Coast Guard (1997). He received the American Electronic Association's Medal of Achievement (1980), the Eisenhower Award (1996), the Marshall Award (1997), the Forrestal Medal (1994), and the Henry Stimson Medal (1994). The National Academy of Engineering selected him for the Arthur Bueche Medal in 1996. He has received awards from the enlisted personnel of the Army, Navy, and the Air Force.
He has received decorations from the governments of Albania, Bahrain, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Poland, Slovenia, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom. He received a B.S. and M.S. from Stanford University and a Ph.D. from Penn State, all in mathematics.
Charles S. Robb — Member
Charles S. Robb joined the faculty of George Mason University as a Distinguished Professor of Law and Public Policy in 2001. Previously he served as Lieutenant Governor of Virginia, from 1978 to 1982; as Virginia’s 64th Governor, from 1982 to 1986; and as a United States Senator, from 1989 to 2001.
While in the Senate he became the only member ever to serve simultaneously on all three national security committees (Intelligence, Armed Services, and Foreign Relations). He also served on the Finance, Commerce, and Budget committees.
Before becoming a member of Congress he chaired the Southern Governors’ Association, the Democratic Governors’ Association, the Education Commission of the States, the Democratic Leadership Council, Jobs for America’s Graduates, the National Conference of Lieutenant Governors, and the Virginia Forum on Education, and was President of the Council of State Governments.
During the 1960s he served on active duty with the United States Marine Corps, retiring from the Marine Corps Reserve in 1991. He began as the Class Honor Graduate from Marine Officers Basic School in 1961 and ended up as head of the principal recruiting program for Marine officers in 1970. In between, he served in both the 1st and 2nd Marine Divisions and his assignments included duty as a Military Social Aide at the White House and command of an infantry company in combat in Vietnam.
He received his law degree from the University of Virginia in 1973, clerked for Judge John D. Butzner, Jr., on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, and practiced law with Williams and Connolly prior to his election to state office. Between his state and federal service he was a partner at Hunton and Williams.
Since leaving the Senate in 2001 he has served as Chairman of the Board of Visitors at the United States Naval Academy, Co-Chairman (with Senior Judge Laurence Silberman of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit) of the President’s Commission on Intelligence Capabilities of the United States Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction, and Co-Chairman (with former Governor Linwood Holton) of a major landowner’s alliance that created a special tax district to finance the extension of Metrorail to Tyson’s Corner, Reston, and Dulles Airport. He has also been a Fellow at the Institute of Politics at Harvard and at the Marshall Wythe School of Law at William and Mary.
He is currently on the President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, the Secretary of State’s International Security Advisory Board (Chairman of the WMD-Terrorism Task Force), the FBI Director’s Advisory Board, the National Intelligence Council’s Strategic Analysis Advisory Board, the Iraq Study Group, and the MITRE Corp. Board of Trustees (Vice Chairman). He also serves on the boards of the Space Foundation, the Thomas Jefferson Program in Public Policy, the Concord Coalition, the National Museum of Americans at War, Strategic Partnerships LLC, and the Center for the Study of the Presidency–and he works on occasional projects with the Center for Strategic and International Studies. He is married to Lynda Johnson Robb and they have three grown daughters and one granddaughter.
Alan K. Simpson — Member
Alan K. Simpson served from 1979 to 1997 as a United States Senator from Wyoming. Following his first term in the Senate, Al was elected by his peers to the position of the Assistant Majority Leader in 1984—and served in that capacity until 1994. He completed his final term on January 3, 1997.
Simpson is currently a partner in the Cody firm of Simpson, Kepler and Edwards, the Cody division of the Denver firm of Burg Simpson Eldredge, Hersh and Jardine, and also a consultant in the Washington, D.C., government relations firm The Tongour, Simpson, Holsclaw Group. He continues to serve on numerous corporate and nonprofit boards and travels the country giving speeches. His book published by William Morrow Company, Right in the Old Gazoo: A Lifetime of Scrapping with the Press (1997), chronicles his personal experiences and views of the Fourth Estate.
From January of 1997 until June of 2000, Simpson was a Visiting Lecturer and for two years the Director of the Institute of Politics at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government. During the fall of 2000 he returned to his alma mater, the University of Wyoming, as a Visiting Lecturer in the Political Science Department and he continues to team teach a class part-time with his brother, Peter, titled “Wyoming’s Political Identity: Its History and Its Politics,” which is proving to be one of the most popular classes offered at UW.
A member of a political family—his father served both as Governor of Wyoming from 1954 to 1958 and as United States Senator from Wyoming from 1962 to 1966—Al chose to follow in his father’s footsteps and began his own political career in 1964 when he was elected to the Wyoming State Legislature as a state representative of his native Park County. He served for the next thirteen years in the Wyoming House of Representatives, holding the offices of Majority Whip, Majority Floor Leader, and Speaker Pro-Tem. His only brother, Peter, also served as a member of the Wyoming State Legislature.
Prior to entering politics, Simpson was admitted to the Wyoming bar and the United States District Court in 1958 and served for a short time as a Wyoming assistant attorney general. Simpson then joined his father, Milward L. Simpson, and later Charles G. Kepler in the law firm of Simpson, Kepler and Simpson in his hometown of Cody. He would practice law there for the next eighteen years. During that time, Simpson was very active in all civic, community, and state activities. He also served ten years as City Attorney.
Simpson earned a B.S. in law from the University of Wyoming in 1954. Upon graduation from college, he joined the Army, serving overseas in the 5th Infantry Division and in the 2nd Armored Division in the final months of the Army of Occupation in Germany. Following his honorable discharge in 1956, Simpson returned to the University of Wyoming to complete his study of law, earning his J.D. degree in 1958. He and his wife Ann have three children and six grandchildren, who all reside in Cody, Wyoming.
Library of Congress subject headings for this publication:
United States -- Foreign relations -- 2001-
Iraq War, 2003-
Terrorism -- Government policy -- United States.
United States -- Military policy.
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https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/08/20/former-un-secretary-kofi-annan-leadership
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Former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan on leadership and peace
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2018-08-20T00:00:00
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Former UN Secretary-General and 2001 Nobel Peace Prize winner Kofi Annan says the characteristics of good leaders are judgment, discipline, compassion, a keen sense of what's right and wrong, concern about community and a dedication to service.
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https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/08/20/former-un-secretary-kofi-annan-leadership
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Former UN Secretary-General and 2001 Nobel Peace Prize winner Kofi Annan says the characteristics of good leaders are judgment, discipline, compassion, a keen sense of what's right and wrong, concern about community and a dedication to service.
Annan, who died Saturday at the age of 80, had returned to Minnesota on May 7, 2018, to speak at his alma mater, Macalester College, for the dedication of the Kofi Annan Institute for Global Citizenship. He graduated in 1961.
In conversation with Macalester president Brian Rosenberg, Annan said "good leaders must be good listeners, and above all, a good leader must be a good follower," meaning they should follow the good ideas of others.
"Leaders who are populist, nationalist and xenophobic," Annan said, "have tapped into something. The world is changing fast. They are disoriented." Annan blamed "to some extent, mainstream politicians who promise easy solutions."
Annan said "the social contract between the government and the people has broken down in many countries and it has to be re-established. Trust is gone. Trust has to be re-established."
Beware, Annan said, of "facile promises" from "strong leaders who have no idea how they are going to keep them." Annan also commented on the situation in the world's current hot spots, the impact of social media, and shared his experience as a black man in America in 1959.
To listen to their conversation, click on the audio player above.
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Tetteh Blaboe on LinkedIn: #grateful #inspiration #itsdoable
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2021-07-04T07:50:47.131000+00:00
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Growing up, it was always my dream to meet this great legend,Kofi Annan.This dream was not only because He diligently served as the UN Secretary General ,but… | 10 comments on LinkedIn
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https://www.linkedin.com/posts/tetteh-blaboe-117073216_grateful-inspiration-itsdoable-activity-6817359004784766976-L55t
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🇬🇭*FEDERATION OF GHANA MEDICAL STUDENTS' ASSOCIATIONS-FGMSA* 🇬🇭 ▪️▪️▪️▪️▪️▪️▪️▪️▪️▪️▪️ ▪️ OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT ▪️▪️ ▪️▪️▪️▪️▪️▪️▪️▪️▪️▪️ SUBJECT:FIRST COMBINED CALL FOR IFMSA AUGUST MEETING 2023. ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖ Dear FGMSA Family, We are happy to inform you that the first combined call for Sessions Team, Support Persons, and Program Representatives for the IFMSA August Meeting 2023 is now open! Sessions Teams and Support Teams: The Sessions Team and Support Persons is a group of dedicated members that support the Officials and their International Assistants in the preparation and execution of their respective agendas, in order to achieve the objectives set for the members during a given General Assembly. Program Representatives (PR). Due to academic obligations, and in spite of best efforts to get free time, some Program coordinator won’t be able to attend the GA. When a Program Coordinator cannot attend a meeting, the out-of-quota spots can be assigned to a ‘Program Representative’. Plenary Team IFMSA has a long democratic tradition. If you are passionate about making our decision-making process just and fair, about making sure every voice is heard - then grab this opportunity and apply for the Plenary Team. Constitution Credential Committee Centered on ensuring that all procedures of the GA follow the IFMSA Constitution and Bylaws Financial Committee In order to make all the work of IFMSA possible, the Federation needs to have a financial administration in place. The Financial Committee audits IFMSA bookkeeping twice a year, reviews financial reports of General Assemblies as well as Travel Assistance Fund (TAF) applicants, and reviews the solidarity fund recipients. If you like money talk and if you like to work with numbers, then apply for the Financial Committee. How to apply: Check this sheet to know what open positions you can apply for and the eligibility list if you’re applying for a Plenary Team or Financial Committee position. Check this booklet for relevant instructions. Refer to the relevant bylaw paragraphs here to find in each position, the relevant bylaw paragraphs you will have to consult. Please fill in this form to submit your application by the 27th of April 2023 at 23:59h GMT. Important note: the out of quota spots will be billed with the applicant’s respective NMO with the late fees invoice. Application form: https://lnkd.in/eyncQPMJ Booklet for relevant instructions: https://lnkd.in/eTVbS6tx The link to the sheet mentioned in the ‘how to apply’: https://lnkd.in/eWw42mZR
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Kofi Annan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi_Annan
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Secretary-General of the UN from 1997 to 2006
Kofi Atta Annan ( KOH-fee AN-an,[1] - AH-nahn;[2] 8 April 1938 – 18 August 2018) was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006.[3] Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize.[4] He was the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organisation founded by Nelson Mandela.[5]
Annan joined the United Nations in 1962, working for the World Health Organization's Geneva office. He went on to work in several capacities at the UN Headquarters, including serving as the Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping between March 1992 and December 1996. He was appointed secretary-general on 13 December 1996 by the Security Council and later confirmed by the General Assembly, making him the first officeholder to be elected from the UN staff itself. He was re-elected for a second term in 2001 and was succeeded as secretary-general by Ban Ki-moon in 2007.
As secretary-general, Annan reformed the UN bureaucracy, worked to combat HIV/AIDS (especially in Africa) and launched the UN Global Compact. He was criticised for not expanding the Security Council and faced calls for his resignation after an investigation into the Oil-for-Food Programme, but was largely exonerated of personal corruption.[6] After the end of his term as secretary-general, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation in 2007 to work on international development. In 2012, Annan was the UN–Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria to help find a resolution to the Syrian civil war.[7][8] Annan quit after becoming frustrated with the UN's lack of progress with regards to conflict resolution.[9][10] In September 2016, Annan was appointed to lead a UN commission to investigate the Rohingya crisis.[11] He died in 2018 and was given a state funeral.
Early life and education
[edit]
Kofi Annan was born in Kumasi in the Gold Coast (now Ghana) on 8 April 1938.[12] His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shared the middle name Atta, which in the Akan language means "twin".[13] Annan and his sister were born into one of the country's Fante aristocratic families; both of their grandfathers and their uncle were Fante paramount chiefs,[14] and their brother Kobina would go on to become Ghana's ambassador to Morocco.[15]
In the Akan names tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week they were born, sometimes in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday, the day on which Annan was born.[16] The last name Annan in Fante means fourth-born child. Annan said that his surname rhymes with "cannon" in English.[17]
From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim, an all-boys Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan said that the school taught him that "suffering anywhere, concerns people everywhere".[18] In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, the Gold Coast gained independence from the UK and began using the name "Ghana".
In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies in economics at Macalester College in Saint Paul, Minnesota, US, in 1961. Annan then completed a diplôme d'études approfondies DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961 to 1962. After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management[19] (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a master's degree in management.
Annan was fluent in English, French, Akan, and some Kru languages as well as other African languages.[20]
Diplomatic career
[edit]
In 1962, Annan started working as a budget officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN). From 1974 to 1976, he worked as a manager of the state-owned Ghana Tourist Development Company in Accra. In 1980 he became the head of personnel for the office of the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) in Geneva. Between 1981 and 1983, he was a member of the Governing Board of the International School of Geneva.[23] In 1983 he became the director of administrative management services of the UN Secretariat in New York. In 1987, Annan was appointed as an assistant secretary-general for Human Resources Management and Security Coordinator for the UN system. In 1990, he became Assistant Secretary-General for Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Control.
When Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali established the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) in 1992, Annan was appointed to the new department as Deputy to then Under-Secretary-General Marrack Goulding. Annan replaced Goulding in March 1993 as Under-Secretary-General of that department after American officials persuaded Boutros-Ghali that Annan was more flexible and more aligned with the role that the Pentagon expected of UN peacekeepers in Somalia.[25] On 29 August 1995, while Boutros-Ghali was unreachable on an aeroplane, Annan instructed United Nations officials to "relinquish for a limited period of time their authority to veto air strikes in Bosnia". This move allowed NATO forces to conduct Operation Deliberate Force and made him a favourite of the United States. According to Richard Holbrooke, Annan's "gutsy performance" convinced the United States that he would be a good replacement for Boutros-Ghali.
He was appointed a special representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving from November 1995 to March 1996.[28][29]
Criticism
[edit]
In 2003, retired Canadian general Roméo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR), claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide. In his book Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003), Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict and from providing more logistical and material support. Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to respond to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository; such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis. In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said: "I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support."[30]
External videos After Words interview with Annan on Interventions, 9 September 2012, C-SPAN
In his book Interventions: A Life in War and Peace, Annan again argued that the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations could have made better use of the media to raise awareness of the violence in Rwanda and put pressure on governments to provide the troops necessary for an intervention. Annan explained that the events in Somalia and the collapse of the UNOSOM II mission fostered a hesitation among UN member states to approve robust peacekeeping operations. As a result, when the UNAMIR mission was approved just days after the battle, the resulting force lacked the troop levels, resources and mandate to operate effectively.
United Nations Secretary-General (1997–2006)
[edit]
Appointment
[edit]
In 1996, Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali ran unopposed for a second term. Although he won 14 of the 15 votes on the Security Council, he was vetoed by the United States.[32] After four deadlocked meetings of the Security Council, Boutros-Ghali suspended his candidacy, becoming the only secretary-general ever to be denied a second term. Annan was the leading candidate to replace him, beating Amara Essy by one vote in the first round. However, France vetoed Annan four times before finally abstaining. The UN Security Council recommended Annan on 13 December 1996.[33] Confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly,[35] he started his first term as secretary-general on 1 January 1997.
Due to Boutros-Ghali's overthrow, a second Annan term would give Africa the office of Secretary-General for three consecutive terms. In 2001, the Asia-Pacific Group agreed to support Annan for a second term in return for the African Group's support for an Asian secretary-general in the 2006 selection.[36] The Security Council recommended Annan for a second term on 27 June 2001, and the General Assembly approved his reappointment on 29 June 2001.[37]
Activities
[edit]
Recommendations for UN reform
[edit]
Soon after taking office in 1997, Annan released two reports on management reform. On 17 March 1997, the report Management and Organisational Measures (A/51/829) introduced new management mechanisms through the establishment of a cabinet-style body to assist him and the UN's activities in accordance with four core missions. A comprehensive reform agenda was issued on 14 July 1997 titled Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform (A/51/950). Key proposals included the introduction of strategic management to strengthen unity of purpose, the establishment of the position of deputy secretary-general, a 10-per cent reduction in posts, a reduction in administrative costs, the consolidation of the UN at the country level, and reaching out to civil society and the private sector as partners. Annan also proposed to hold a Millennium Summit in 2000.[38] After years of research, Annan presented a progress report, In Larger Freedom, to the UN General Assembly on 21 March 2005. Annan recommended Security Council expansion and a host of other UN reforms.[39]
On 31 January 2006, Annan outlined his vision for a comprehensive and extensive reform of the UN in a policy speech to the United Nations Association UK. The speech, delivered at Central Hall, Westminster, also marked the 60th anniversary of the first meetings of the General Assembly and Security Council.[40]
On 7 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his proposals for a fundamental overhaul of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is titled Investing in the United Nations, For a Stronger Organization Worldwide.[41]
On 30 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his analysis and recommendations for updating the entire work programme of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is titled Mandating and Delivering: Analysis and Recommendations to Facilitate the Review of Mandates.[42]
Regarding the UN Human Rights Council, Annan said "declining credibility" had "cast a shadow on the reputation of the United Nations system. Unless we re-make our human rights machinery, we may be unable to renew public confidence in the United Nations itself." He believed that, despite its flaws, the council could do good.[43][44]
In March 2000, Annan appointed the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations to assess the shortcomings of the then existing system and to make specific and realistic recommendations for change. The panel was composed of individuals experienced in conflict prevention, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. The report it produced, which became known as the Brahimi Report, after the chair of the Panel Lakhdar Brahimi, called for "renewed political commitment on the part of Member States, significant institutional change, and increased financial support".[47] The Panel further noted that to be effective, UN peacekeeping operations must be adequately resourced and equipped, and operate under clear, credible and achievable mandates.[47] In a letter transmitting the report to the General Assembly and Security Council, Annan stated that the Panel's recommendations were essential to making the United Nations truly credible as a force for peace.[48] Later that same year, the Security Council adopted several provisions relating to peacekeeping following the report, in Resolution 1327.[49]
Millennium Development Goals
[edit]
In 2000, Annan issued a report titled We the Peoples: the Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century. The report called for member states to "put people at the centre of everything we do": "No calling is more noble, and no responsibility greater, than that of enabling men, women and children, in cities and villages around the world, to make their lives better."[52]: 7
In the final chapter of the report, Annan called to "free our fellow men and women from the abject and dehumanizing poverty in which more than 1 billion of them are currently confined".[52]: 77
At the Millennium Summit in September 2000, national leaders adopted the Millennium Declaration, which the United Nations Secretariat subsequently implemented as the Millennium Development Goals in 2001.
United Nations Information Technology Service
[edit]
Within the We the Peoples document, Annan suggested the establishment of a United Nations Information Technology Service (UNITeS), a consortium of high-tech volunteer corps, including NetCorps Canada and Net Corps America, which United Nations Volunteers (UNV) would coordinate. In the "Report of the high-level panel of experts on information and communication technology",[54] suggesting a UN ICT Task Force, the panel welcomed the establishment of UNITeS. It made suggestions on its configuration and implementation strategy, including that ICT4D volunteering opportunities make mobilising "national human resources" (local ICT experts) within developing countries a priority for both men and women. The initiative was launched at the UNV and was active from February 2001 to February 2005. Initiative staff and volunteers participated in the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in Geneva in December 2003.[55]
United Nations Global Compact
[edit]
In an address to the World Economic Forum on 31 January 1999, Annan argued that the "goals of the United Nations and those of business can, indeed, be mutually supportive" and proposed that the private sector and the United Nations initiate "a global compact of shared values and principles, which will give a human face to the global market".[56]
On 26 July 2000, the United Nations Global Compact was officially launched at UN headquarters in New York. It is a principle-based framework for businesses which aims to "[c]atalyse actions in support of broader UN goals, such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)".[57] The Compact established ten core principles in the areas of human rights, labour, the environment and anti-corruption. Under the Compact, companies commit to the ten principles and are brought together with UN agencies, labour groups and civil society to implement them effectively.
Establishment of The Global Fund
[edit]
Towards the end of the 1990s, increased awareness of the destructive potential of epidemics such as HIV/AIDS pushed public health issues to the top of the global development agenda. In April 2001, Annan issued a five-point "Call to Action" to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Stating it was a "personal priority", Annan proposed the establishment of a Global AIDS and Health Fund, "dedicated to the battle against HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases",[58] to stimulate the increased international spending needed to help developing countries confront the HIV/AIDS crisis. In June of that year, the General Assembly of the United Nations committed to creating such a fund during a special session on AIDS,[59] and the permanent secretariat of the Global Fund was subsequently established in January 2002.
Responsibility to Protect
[edit]
Following the failure of Annan and the international community to intervene in the genocide in Rwanda and in Srebrenica, Annan asked whether the international community had an obligation in such situations to intervene to protect civilian populations. In a speech to the General Assembly on 20 September 1999, "to address the prospects for human security and intervention in the next century",[61] Annan argued that individual sovereignty—the protections afforded by the Declaration of Human Rights and the Charter of the UN—was being strengthened, while the notion of state sovereignty was being redefined by globalisation and international co-operation. As a result, the UN and its member states had to consider a willingness to act to prevent conflict and civilian suffering, a dilemma between "two concepts of sovereignty" that Annan also presented in a preceding article in The Economist on 16 September 1999.[63]
In the March 2000 Millennium Report to the UN, Annan asked: "If humanitarian intervention is, indeed, an unacceptable assault on sovereignty, how should we respond to a Rwanda, to a Srebrenica – to gross and systematic violations of human rights that affect every precept of our common humanity?"[64]
In September 2001, the Canadian government established an ad hoc committee to address this balance between state sovereignty and humanitarian intervention. The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty published its final report in 2001, which focused not on the right of states to intervene but on a responsibility to protect populations at risk. The report moved beyond military intervention, arguing that various diplomatic and humanitarian actions could also be utilised to protect civilian populations.[65]
In 2005, Annan included the doctrine of "Responsibility to Protect" (RtoP) in his report In Larger Freedom.[65] When the UN General Assembly endorsed that report, it amounted to the first formal endorsement by UN member states of the doctrine of RtoP.[66]
Iraq
[edit]
In the years after 1998, when UNSCOM was expelled by the government of Saddam Hussein, and during the Iraq disarmament crisis, in which the United States blamed UNSCOM and former IAEA director Hans Blix for failing to disarm Iraq properly, former UNSCOM chief weapons inspector Scott Ritter blamed Annan for being slow and ineffective in enforcing Security Council resolutions on Iraq and being overtly submissive to the demands of the Clinton administration for regime removal and inspection of sites, often presidential palaces, that were not mandated in any resolution and were of questionable intelligence value, severely hampering UNSCOM's ability to co-operate with the Iraqi government and contributing to their expulsion from the country.[67][68] Ritter also claimed that Annan regularly interfered with the work of the inspectors and diluted the chain of command by trying to micromanage all of the activities of UNSCOM, which caused intelligence processing (and the resulting inspections) to be backed up and caused confusion with the Iraqis as to who was in charge and as a result, they generally refused to take orders from Ritter or Rolf Ekéus without explicit approval from Annan, which could have taken days, if not weeks. He later believed Annan was oblivious that the Iraqis took advantage of this to delay inspections. He claimed that on one occasion, Annan refused to implement a no-notice inspection of the Iraqi Special Security Organization (SSO) headquarters and instead tried to negotiate access. Still, the negotiation took nearly six weeks, giving the Iraqis more than enough time to clean the site.[69]
During the build-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Annan called on the United States and the United Kingdom not to invade without the support of the United Nations. In a September 2004 interview on the BBC, when questioned about the legal authority for the invasion, Annan said he believed it was not in conformity with the UN charter and was illegal.[70][71]
Other diplomatic activities
[edit]
In 1998, Annan was deeply involved in supporting the transition from military to civilian rule in Nigeria. The following year, he supported the efforts of East Timor to secure independence from Indonesia. In 2000, he was responsible for certifying Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon, and in 2006, he led talks in New York between the presidents of Cameroon and Nigeria, which led to a settlement of the dispute between the two countries over the Bakassi peninsula.[72]
Annan and Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad disagreed sharply on Iran's nuclear program, on an Iranian exhibition of cartoons mocking the Holocaust, and on the then-upcoming International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust, an Iranian Holocaust denial conference in 2006.[73] During a visit to Iran instigated by continued Iranian uranium enrichment, Annan said: "I think the tragedy of the Holocaust is an undeniable historical fact and we should really accept that fact and teach people what happened in World War II and ensure it is never repeated".[73]
Annan supported sending a UN peacekeeping mission to Darfur, Sudan.[74] He worked with the government of Sudan to accept a transfer of power from the African Union peacekeeping mission to a UN one.[75] Annan also worked with several Arab and Muslim countries on women's rights and other topics.[76]
Beginning in 1998, Annan convened an annual UN "Security Council Retreat" with the 15 states' council representatives. It was held at the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF) Conference Center at the Rockefeller family estate in Pocantico Hills, New York, and was sponsored by both the RBF and the UN.[77]
Lubbers sexual-harassment investigation
[edit]
In June 2004, Annan was given a copy of the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) report on the complaint brought by four female workers against Ruud Lubbers, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, for sexual harassment, abuse of authority, and retaliation. The report also reviewed a long-serving staff member's allegations of sexual harassment and misconduct against Werner Blatter, director of UNHCR personnel. The investigation found Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment; no mention was made publicly of the other charge against a senior official or two subsequent complaints filed later that year. During the official investigation, Lubbers wrote a letter which some considered a threat to the female worker who had brought the charges.[78] On 15 July 2004, Annan cleared Lubbers of the accusations, saying they were not substantial enough legally.[79] The internal UN–OIOS report on Lubbers was leaked, and sections accompanied by an article by Kate Holt were published in a British newspaper. In February 2005, Lubbers resigned as head of the UN refugee agency, saying he wanted to relieve political pressure on Annan.[80]
Oil-for-Food scandal
[edit]
In December 2004, reports surfaced that the Secretary-General's son Kojo Annan received payments from the Swiss company Cotecna Inspection SA, which had won a lucrative contract under the UN Oil-for-Food Programme. Kofi Annan called for an investigation to look into the allegations.[81] On 11 November 2005, The Sunday Times agreed to apologise and pay a substantial sum in damages to Kojo Annan, accepting that the allegations were untrue.[82]
Annan appointed the Independent Inquiry Committee,[83] which was led by former US Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcker,[84] then the director of the United Nations Association of the US. In his first interview with the Inquiry Committee, Annan denied meeting with Cotecna. Later in the inquiry, he recalled having met with Cotecna's chief executive Elie-Georges Massey twice. In a final report issued on 27 October, the committee found insufficient evidence to indict Annan on any illegal actions but did find fault with Benon Sevan, an Armenian-Cypriot national who had worked for the UN for about 40 years. Appointed by Annan to the Oil-For-Food role, Sevan repeatedly asked Iraqis for allocations of oil to the African Middle East Petroleum Company. Sevan's behaviour was "ethically improper", Volcker said to reporters. Sevan repeatedly denied the charges and argued that he was being made a "scapegoat".[85] The Volcker report was highly critical of the UN management structure and the Security Council oversight. It strongly recommended a new chief operating officer (COO) position to handle the fiscal and administrative responsibilities then under the Secretary-General's office. The report listed the Western and Middle Eastern companies that had benefited illegally from the program.[84]
Nobel Peace Prize
[edit]
In 2001, its centennial year, the Nobel Committee decided that the Peace Prize was to be divided between the UN and Annan. They were awarded the Peace Prize "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world",[4] having revitalised the UN and prioritised human rights. The Nobel Committee also recognised his commitment to the struggle to contain the spread of HIV in Africa and his declared opposition to international terrorism.[86]
Soon after Annan was awarded the Peace Prize, he was given a chieftaincy title by the Asantehene of Asanteman. The honour was conferred upon him for his "[selfless] contributions to humanity and promotion of peace throughout the world".[87]
Relations between the United States and the UN
[edit]
Annan defended his deputy secretary-general Mark Malloch Brown,[88] who openly criticised the United States in a speech on 6 June 2006: "[T]he prevailing practice of seeking to use the UN almost by stealth as a diplomatic tool while failing to stand up for it against its domestic critics is simply not sustainable. You will lose the UN one way or another. [...] [That] the US is constructively engaged with the UN [...] is not well known or understood, in part because much of the public discourse that reaches the US heartland has been largely abandoned to its loudest detractors such as Rush Limbaugh and Fox News."[89] Malloch later said his talk was a "sincere and constructive critique of U.S. policy toward the U.N. by a friend and admirer".[90]
The talk was unusual because it violated the unofficial policy of not having top officials publicly criticise member nations.[90] The interim US ambassador John Bolton, appointed by President George W. Bush, was reported to have told Annan on the phone: "I've known you since 1989 and I'm telling you this is the worst mistake by a senior UN official that I have seen in that entire time."[90] Observers from other nations supported Malloch's view that conservative politicians in the US prevented many citizens from understanding the benefits of US involvement in the UN.[91]
Farewell addresses
[edit]
External videos Farewell Address by Kofi Annan, 11 December 2006, C-SPAN
On 19 September 2006, Annan gave a farewell address to world leaders gathered at the UN headquarters in New York in anticipation of his retirement on 31 December. In the speech, he outlined three major problems of "an unjust world economy, world disorder, and widespread contempt for human rights and the rule of law", which he believed "have not resolved, but sharpened" during his time as secretary-general. He also pointed to violence in Africa and the Arab–Israeli conflict as two major issues warranting attention.[92]
On 11 December 2006, in his final speech as secretary-general, delivered at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library in Independence, Missouri, Annan recalled President Truman's leadership in the founding of the United Nations. He called for the United States to return to Truman's multilateralist foreign policies and to follow Truman's doctrine that "the responsibility of the great states is to serve and not dominate the peoples of the world". He also said that the United States must maintain its commitment to human rights, "including in the struggle against terrorism".[93][94]
Post-UN career
[edit]
After he served as UN secretary-general, Annan took up residence in Geneva and worked in a leading capacity on various international humanitarian endeavours.[95]
Kofi Annan Foundation
[edit]
Main article: Kofi Annan Foundation
In 2007, Annan established the Kofi Annan Foundation, an independent, not-for-profit organisation that "works to promote better global governance and strengthen the capacities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more secure world".[96][97]
The organisation was founded on the principles that fair and peaceful societies rest on three pillars: peace and security, sustainable development, and human rights and the rule of law, and they have made it their mission to mobilise the leadership and the political resolve needed to tackle threats to these three pillars ranging from violent conflict to flawed elections and climate change, to achieve "a fairer, more peaceful world".[97]
The Foundation provides the analytical, communication and co-ordination capacities needed to ensure that these objectives are achieved.[promotion?] Annan's contribution to peace worldwide is delivered through mediation, political mentoring, advocacy and advice.[promotion?] Through his engagement, Annan aimed to strengthen local and international conflict resolution capabilities. The Foundation provides the analytical and logistical support to facilitate this in cooperation with relevant local, regional and international actors.[98] The Foundation works mainly through private diplomacy, where Annan provided informal counsel and participated in discreet diplomatic initiatives to avert or resolve crises by applying his experience and inspirational leadership.[peacock prose] He was often asked to intercede in crises, sometimes as an impartial, independent mediator, sometimes as a special envoy of the international community. In recent years[timeframe?] he had provided such counsel to Burkina Faso, Kenya, Myanmar, Senegal, Iraq and Colombia.[99]
Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation Process
[edit]
Following the outbreak of violence after the 2007 presidential elections in Kenya, the African Union (AU) established the Panel of Eminent African Personalities to assist in finding a peaceful solution to the crisis.[100] Annan was appointed as chair of the panel, to lead it with Benjamin Mkapa, former president of Tanzania; and humanitarian Graça Machel, the former first lady of Mozambique and South Africa.[101]
The panel managed to convince the two principal parties to the conflict, Kenyan president Mwai Kibaki's Party of National Unity (PNU) and Raila Odinga's Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), to participate in the Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation Process (KNDR).[100] Over the course of 41 days of negotiations, several agreements regarding taking actions to stop the violence and to remedy its consequences were signed. On 28 February, President Kibaki and Prime Minister Odinga signed a coalition government agreement.[102][103]
Joint Special Envoy for Syria
[edit]
On 23 February 2012, Annan was appointed as the UN and Arab League joint special envoy to Syria in an attempt to end the civil war taking place.[8] He developed a six-point plan for peace:[104]
commit to work with the Envoy in an inclusive Syrian-led political process to address the legitimate aspirations and concerns of the Syrian people, and, to this end, commit to appoint an empowered interlocutor when invited to do so by the Envoy;
commit to stop the fighting and achieve urgently an effective United Nations supervised cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties to protect civilians and stabilise the country.
To this end, the Syrian government should immediately cease troop movements towards, and end the use of heavy weapons in, population centres, and begin pullback of military concentrations in and around population centres.
As these actions are being taken on the ground, the Syrian government should work with the Envoy to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism.
Similar commitments would be sought by the Envoy from the opposition and all relevant elements to stop the fighting and work with him to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism;
ensure timely provision of humanitarian assistance to all areas affected by the fighting, and to this end, as immediate steps, to accept and implement a daily two-hour humanitarian pause and to coordinate exact time and modalities of the daily pause through an efficient mechanism, including at local level;
intensify the pace and scale of release of arbitrarily detained persons, including especially vulnerable categories of persons, and persons involved in peaceful political activities, provide without delay through appropriate channels a list of all places in which such persons are being detained, immediately begin organizing access to such locations and through appropriate channels respond promptly to all written requests for information, access or release regarding such persons;
ensure freedom of movement throughout the country for journalists and a non-discriminatory visa policy for them;
respect freedom of association and the right to demonstrate peacefully as legally guaranteed.
On 2 August, he resigned as envoy to Syria,[105] citing the intransigence of both the Assad government and the rebels, as well as the stalemate on the Security Council as preventing any peaceful resolution of the situation.[106] Annan also stated that the lack of international unity and ineffective diplomacy among world leaders had made the peaceful resolution in Syria an impossible task.[107]
Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security
[edit]
Annan served as the chair of the Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security.[108] The commission was launched in May 2011 as a joint initiative of the Kofi Annan Foundation and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. It comprised 12 eminent individuals from around the world, including Ernesto Zedillo, Martti Ahtisaari, Madeleine Albright and Amartya Sen, and aimed to highlight the importance of the integrity of elections to achieving a more secure, prosperous and stable world. The Commission released its final report, Deepening Democracy, a Strategy to Improve the Integrity of Elections Worldwide,[109] in September 2012.
Rakhine Commission (Myanmar)
[edit]
In September 2016, Annan was asked to lead the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State, Myanmar,[110][111][112][113] an impoverished region beset by ethnic conflict and extreme sectarian violence, particularly by Myanmar's Buddhist majority against the Rohingya Muslim minority, further targeted by government forces.[114][115][116][117] The commission, widely known simply as the "Annan Commission", was opposed by many Myanmar Buddhists as unwelcome interference in their relations with the Rohingya.[110]
When the Annan Commission released its final report,[112] the week of 24 August 2017, with recommendations unpopular with all sides, violence exploded in the Rohingya conflict – the largest and bloodiest humanitarian disaster in the region in decades – driving most of the Rohingya from Myanmar.[117][116][118] Annan attempted to engage the United Nations to resolve the matter,[119] but failed.
Annan died a week before the first anniversary of the report, shortly after an announcement by a replacement commission that it would not "point fingers" at the guilty parties – leading to widespread concern that the new commission was just a sham to protect culpable Myanmar government officials and citizens from accountability.[113][120][118][121]
In 2018, before Annan's death, Myanmar's civilian government, under the direction of State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, made a gesture of acceptance of the Annan commission's recommendations by convening another board – the advisory board for the Committee for Implementation of the Recommendations on Rakhine State – ostensibly to implement the Annan commission's proposed reforms, but never actually implemented them. Some of the international representatives resigned – notably the panel's secretary, Thailand's former foreign minister Surakiart Sathirathai, and former US ambassador to the UN Bill Richardson – decrying the "implementation" committee as ineffective, or a "whitewash".[111][122]
Other activities
[edit]
Corporate boards
[edit]
In March 2011,[123] Annan became a member of the advisory board for Investcorp Bank B. S. C.[124] Europe,[125] an international private equity firm and sovereign wealth fund owned by the United Arab Emirates. He held the position until 2018.
Annan became a member of the Global Advisory Board of Macro Advisory Partners LLP, a risk and strategic consulting firm based in London and New York City for business, finance and government decision-makers, with some operations related to Investcorp.[126]
Non-profit organisations
[edit]
In addition to the above, Annan also became involved with several organisations with both global and African focuses, including the following:
United Nations Foundation, member of the board of directors (2008–2018)[127]
University of Ghana, chancellor (2008–2018)[128]
School of International and Public Affairs of Columbia University, global fellow (2009–2018)[129]
The Committee on Global Thought at Columbia University, fellow[130]
Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore (NUS), Li Ka Shing Professor (2009–2018)[131]
Global Centre for Pluralism, member of the board of directors (2010–2018)[132][133]
Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, chairman of the prize committee (2007–2018)[134]
Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), chairman (2007–2018)[135]
Global Humanitarian Forum, founder and president (2007–2018)[136]
Global Commission on Drug Policy, founding commissioner. The commission had declared in a 2011 report that the war on drugs was a failure. Annan believed that, since drug use represents a health risk, it should be regulated, comparing it to the regulation of tobacco which reduced smoking in many countries.
Annan served as chair of The Elders, a group of independent global leaders who work together on peace and human rights issues.[140][141] In November 2008, Annan and fellow elders Jimmy Carter and Graça Machel attempted to travel to Zimbabwe to make a first-hand assessment of the humanitarian situation in the country. Refused entry, the Elders instead carried out their assessment from Johannesburg, where they met Zimbabwe- and South Africa-based leaders from politics, business, international organisations, and civil society.[142] In May 2011, following months of political violence in Côte d'Ivoire, Annan travelled to the country with elders Desmond Tutu and Mary Robinson to encourage national reconciliation.[143] On 16 October 2014, Annan attended the One Young World Summit in Dublin. During a session with fellow elder Mary Robinson, Annan encouraged 1,300 young leaders from 191 countries to lead on intergenerational issues such as climate change and the need for action to take place now, not tomorrow:[144][145]
We don't have to wait to act. The action must be now. You will come across people who think we should start tomorrow. Even for those who believe action should begin tomorrow, remind them tomorrow begins now, tomorrow begins today, so let's all move forward.[146]
Annan chaired the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa. As chair, he facilitated coalition building to leverage and broker knowledge, in addition to convening decision-makers to influence policy and create lasting change in Africa.[promotion?] Every year, the Panel releases a report, the Africa Progress Report,[147] which outlines an issue of immediate importance to the continent and suggests a set of associated policies. In 2014, the Report highlighted the potential of African fisheries, agriculture, and forests to drive economic development.[148] The 2015 report explores the role of climate change and the potential of renewable energy investments in determining Africa's economic future.[149]
Prioritisation of snakebite in the WHO
Kofi Annan played a pivotal role in getting a WHO resolution on halving the burden of snakebite in late 2020's. [150]
Memoir
[edit]
On 4 September 2012, Annan with Nader Mousavizadeh wrote a memoir, Interventions: A Life in War and Peace.[151] Published by Penguin Press, the book has been described as a "personal biography of global statecraft".[152]
Personal life
[edit]
In 1965, Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from an aristocratic family. Several years later, they had a daughter, Ama, and a son, Kojo. The couple separated in the late 1970s,[153] and divorced in 1983.[13]
In 1984, Annan married Nane Lagergren [sv], a Swedish lawyer at the UN and a maternal half-niece of diplomat Raoul Wallenberg. She has a daughter, Nina, from a previous marriage.
In 2002, Annan was enstooled by Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II, the Asantehene of Asanteman, as the Busumuru of the Ashanti people - a Ghanaian chief. He was the first person to hold this title.[156][157]
Death and state funeral
[edit]
Annan died on the morning of 18 August 2018 in Bern, Switzerland, at the age of 80, after a short illness.[158][159] António Guterres, the UN secretary-general, said that Annan was "a global champion for peace" and "a guiding force for good".[160][158] Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad also said he is saddened by the death of Annan.[161] His body was returned to his native Ghana from Geneva in a brief and solemn ceremony at the Kotoka International Airport in Accra, on 10 September.[162] His coffin, draped in the blue UN flag, was accompanied by his widow Nane, his children and senior diplomats from the international organisation.[162][163]
On 13 September, a state funeral was held for Annan in Ghana at the Accra International Conference Centre.[164] The ceremony was attended by several political leaders from across Africa as well as Ghanaian traditional rulers, European royalty and dignitaries from the international community, including the UN secretary-general António Guterres.[165] Prior to the funeral service, his body lay in state in the foyer of the same venue, from 11 to 12 September.[166] A private burial followed the funeral service at the new Military Cemetery at Burma Camp, with full military honours and the sounding of the Last Post by army buglers and a 17-gun salute.[167][168][169][170]
Memorials and legacy
[edit]
The United Nations Postal Administration released a new stamp in memory of Annan on 31 May 2019.[171] His portrait on the stamp was designed by artist Martin Mörck.[171] The Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre and the Ghana-India Kofi Annan Centre of Excellence in ICT, both in Accra, are named in his honour. The Kofi Annan University of Guinea is named after him.[citation needed]
See also
[edit]
List of black Nobel laureates
References
[edit]
Citations
[edit]
Bibliography
[edit]
Further reading
[edit]
Kofi Annan Foundation
Kofi Annan papers Archived 4 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine at the United Nations Archives
Kofi Annan on Nobelprize.org (including Nobel Lecture, 10 December 2001)
Speeches
Statements of Secretary-General Kofi Annan at the Wayback Machine (archived 7 July 2004)
Nobel Peace Prize lecture Archived 12 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine
Lectures
The MacArthur Award for International Justice, 2008 Archived 8 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law Archived 12 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine
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Kofi Annan Biography, Birthday. Awards & Facts About Kofi Annan
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Kofi Annan detail biography, family, facts and date of birth. Awards of Kofi Annan, birthday, children and many other facts. See Kofi Annan's spouse, children, sibling and parent names.
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https://www.kidpaw.net/famous-people/kofi-annan-pid94891
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Introduction:
Kofi Annan was the seventh secretary general of the United Nations. Check out this biography to know about his childhood, family, personal life, UN career, etc.
Esther Afua Ocloo
Co-Founder of Womens World Banking
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Born: 18 April 1919 Ghanaian
W. E. B. Du Bois
W.E.B. Du Bois was an American sociologist and civil rights activist who rose to prominence as the leader of the Niagara Movement.
Born: 23 February 1868 Ghanaian
Peter Turkson
Peter Turkson is a Ghanaian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. This biography gives detailed information about his childhood, life, works and timeline.
Born: 11 October 1948 Ghanaian
John Dramani Mahama
President of Ghana
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Born: 29 November 1958 Ghanaian
Yaa Asantewaa
Queens Mother
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Born: 1840 AD Ghanaian
Tinchy Stryder
Tinchy Stryder is a Ghanaian-English grime vocalist and an industrialist, famously dubbed as ‘The Star in the Hood’. This biography of Tinchy Stryder provides detailed information about his childhood, life, achievements, works & timeline.
Born: 14 September 1986 Ghanaian
Jerry Rawlings
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Born: 22 June 1947 Ghanaian
Freddy Adu
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Kwame Nkrumah
First President of Ghana
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Born: 21 September 1909 Ghanaian
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Born: 23 April 1958 Ghanaian
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The Confessions of Kofi Annan | Michael Ignatieff
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How do we explain Kofi Annan’s enduring moral prestige? The puzzle is that it has survived failures, both his own and those of the institution he served for fifty years. Personal charisma is only part of the story. In addition to his charm, of which there is plenty, there is the authority that comes from experience. Few people have spent so much time around negotiating tables with thugs, warlords, and dictators. He has made himself the world’s emissary to the dark side.
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The New York Review of Books
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https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2012/12/06/confessions-kofi-annan/
|
How do we explain Kofi Annan’s enduring moral prestige? The puzzle is that it has survived failures, both his own and those of the institution he served for fifty years.1 Personal charisma is only part of the story. In addition to his charm, of which there is plenty, there is the authority that comes from experience. Few people have spent so much time around negotiating tables with thugs, warlords, and dictators. He has made himself the world’s emissary to the dark side.
To these often dire negotiations, he brought a soothing temperament that became second nature early in his Ghanaian childhood. His father, Henry Reginald Annan, lived across two worlds, as a senior executive with a British multinational corporation and a hereditary chieftain in a country poised on the eve of national independence. In the Ghanaian struggle, the Annan family occupied the cautious middle, supporting independence but keeping their distance from the revolutionary nationalism of Kwame Nkrumah.
From these experiences, Annan became adept at circumspection and skillful in dealing with all sides, while keeping his own cards concealed. It was a temperament perfect for the UN. When he found his career in Ghana blocked by a succession of military regimes, he enlisted in the UN and has spent all his life in its upper reaches in New York and Geneva. Like Barack Obama, he learned early to live across racial divides and to position himself as the rational and relaxed confidant of all, while belonging finally to no one but himself.
Being at once agreeable and remote isn’t the whole story. It doesn’t explain how he managed to keep his reputation intact while rising up through nether regions of the UN bureaucracy—human resources and budgeting—where nepotism and mismanagement were notorious. This ascent demanded a polite but ruthless care of his own reputation, together with an ability to distance himself from trouble. Along the way he deeply internalized the moral rhetoric of the institution and never let its dreary reality drain away his idealism. Once elevated, through American support, to the UN’s highest office in 1996, he displayed unsuspected flair and managed to articulate in every nuanced but committed utterance the still unspent hopes that survived inside the institution itself. When he accepted the Nobel Prize awarded jointly to him and the UN in 2001, he seemed to many the most complete incarnation of its ideals of any secretary-general who ever lived.
If prestige is to last, it must be burnished with accomplishment, and much happened on his watch—the UN Global Compact, the Millennium Development Goals, the Global AIDS Fund, the International Criminal Court, the “responsibility to protect” doctrine—for which we praise him because he gave them benevolent encouragement and maximum publicity. Like no secretary-general before him, Annan understood modern media and used the power of his own celebrity to raise the visibility of his institution. He also understood that globalization was empowering new actors besides sovereign states, and he was shrewd enough to realize that the UN had to stop being an intergovernmental organization alone but must establish partnerships with corporations, NGOs, and that ever-multiplying creation, global civil society. He understood that while his authority came from the member states who pay the bills and cast the votes, his moral prestige came from “we the peoples,” the millions of ordinary people whose faith in the UN had managed to survive serial disillusion.
Realists dismiss the UN as “a political entity without any independent will,” to use Perry Anderson’s phrase, but they miss the power that flows from moral prestige.2 To paraphrase Stalin’s remark about the pope, Annan understood that the UN had no divisions, but it was the bearer of hopes, and in this lay such power as the secretary-general enjoyed. He was the most successful holder of the office since Dag Hammarskjöld in leveraging the world’s hopes into personal moral influence.
But there remains a mystery about his prestige. Nelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu, Aung San Suu Kyi, and Václav Havel acquired theirs by standing up to tyrants. Kofi Annan acquired his by talking to them. Prestige acquired in this manner is bound to be ambiguous and to leave a complex legacy.
In February 1998, he flew to Baghdad and persuaded Saddam Hussein to let the UN weapon inspectors back in. He was greeted as a hero when he returned and the world fell under his spell. Modest and unassuming as he was, he became prone to believing his own magic. There is more than a little hubris in a passing remark he makes in his memoir to the effect that his actions as secretary-general were coming to have more influence than the Security Council. In fact it was the imminent threat of American air strikes, as much as Annan’s good offices, that concentrated Saddam’s mind, and in any event, war was only delayed, not forestalled.
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When no credible threat of force hangs in the air, as in the case of his recent mission to Syria in August of this year, Annan’s shuttle diplomacy may only have provided the US, as well as Russia and China, with an alibi for doing nothing. When he abandoned his Syria mission, he observed that no mediator succeeds if he wants peace more than the protagonists.3 But he must have known this when he started. In his eagerness to serve there is the pathos of a global politician in retirement fearing that his moral prestige will waste away—only to discover, too late, that you can also lose it when you use it.
Annan’s enduring authority is also perplexing because his past won’t leave him in peace. To use Samantha Power’s cruel words, “his name would appear in the history books beside the two defining genocidal crimes of the second half of the twentieth century,” Rwanda and Srebrenica.4 His memoir is called Interventions, as if to recognize that his public career will always be judged by his part in the UN’s most ill-fated operations.
In confronting these incidents, he and his cowriter and former aide, Nader Mousavizadeh, have decided that when a reputation is under scrutiny, candor is the best defense. The result is a resolute, detailed, and unflinching review of his most difficult hours. They quote in full the now notorious fax that the UN force commander in Rwanda, Romeo Dallaire, sent in January 1994 to UN headquarters seeking Annan’s authorization for military action to arrest prospective genocidaires. Annan turned Dallaire down, and neither he nor the secretary-general at the time, Boutros Boutros Ghali, ever communicated Dallaire’s request for action to the Security Council.
Dallaire, Power, Philip Gourevitch, and other close observers of the Rwanda catastrophe believe that preventive military action by the UN at that point might have averted the horrendous events that unfolded months later in April, May, and June, leaving 800,000 people dead. Annan’s answer to these charges—it has not varied in a decade—recalls that the Americans had just been driven from Somalia after the disastrous Blackhawk Down episode and Dallaire’s proposed intervention risked a similar debacle:
In Dallaire’s cabled request to raid, we saw the ingredients of a disaster akin to the failed raid on Aidid in Mogadishu three months earlier—but with a force that was a thousand times weaker in military capabilities and entirely isolated from any possibility of reinforcement.
In an astonishing admission, Annan adds that Dallaire’s force was “a peace-keeping force, sent in a deliberately weak and vulnerable form to engender the trust of both sides.” Deliberately weak and vulnerable… When moral prestige deludes itself into thinking it need not arm itself, it can make itself an accomplice of evil.
The same dismaying faith in the deterrent force of good intentions fatally shaped UN policy over the safe havens in Bosnia. Annan was in charge of UN peacekeeping in this period and watched helplessly as governments in the Security Council crafted mandates and deployed troops that could not possibly protect the safe havens if they came under determined attack. To his credit, Annan stood his ground. He told the Security Council that the safe havens could not be protected with anything less than an additional 32,000 troops. It ignored the advice, leaving civilians for a second time to be protected by “presence” rather than forces authorized and willing to fight. Eight thousand civilians in Srebrenica paid with their lives for this fatal illusion about the force of the UN’s moral prestige.
Annan has rebuilt his own moral prestige since Bosnia by being candid when others have been less so, including presidents and prime ministers. In his memoir, he admits mistakes, showing how the UN peacekeeping bureaucracy was unable to assume the huge burdens imposed on it by light-minded governments at the end of the cold war. He takes responsibility now, remarking at one point:
To a man, woman, or child for whom the presence of a blue helmet is all that lies between safety and certain death, talk of limited mandates, inadequate means, and under-resourced missions—however accurate—is, at best, beside the point, at worst, a betrayal.
The one thing he never did at the time was go public with his doubts. He admitted in a recent interview with Charlie Rose that he should have shouted from the rooftops to protest the Security Council’s unwillingness to protect the safe havens in Bosnia with robust deployments, but he adds, characteristically, that the UN Secretariat’s idea of public relations was “archaic.”5 And so he kept silent. As an international civil servant, it was not his job to publicly upbraid national governments. This is to blame the mandarin culture of the Secretariat, but also to admit that he was a prisoner of that culture.
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The essential paradox of Annan’s career is that through a period in which the UN’s prestige declined in the 1990s, crippled by moral promises it failed to keep, his prestige emerged unscathed. His political stock with the Americans also rose. When the US finally decided to do something about the slaughter in Bosnia in August 1995, Annan was helpful in overcoming UN resistance to the bombing of Serb targets. Within weeks American air power, coupled with assistance to the Croats, turned the tide against the Serbs and brought them to the negotiations at Dayton.
Having made himself useful in Bosnia, Annan became an obvious candidate when Madeleine Albright and Bill Clinton were looking for someone to replace Boutros Ghali. It is a mark of his shrewdness that he understood, as Boutros Ghali had not, that the UN could not succeed unless America reinvested in it. Once elected in 1996, he used his celebrity to sooth Congress, appease the anti-UN Republican hawks, and unfreeze US contributions to the organization.
Interventions reveals how difficult it proved to keep his American friends happy. Madeleine Albright pushed his candidacy through and then bullied him unmercifully, at one point waking him up at 4:30 in the morning to dictate the language of a press release on Iraq. She “never quite understood,” he says with icy understatement, that he was also responsible to other members of the UN.
He was too canny a politician, however, not to have understood that it was good politics for both the Clinton and Bush administrations to beat up the UN publicly. Yet both administrations turned to him when they needed his moral benediction. Even an administration bent on a unilateral invasion of Iraq felt obliged to send Colin Powell to make its case for war to the UN. The most vivid pages of Interventions describe the foreign ministers’ lunch after Powell’s presentation when he faced the disbelieving Dominique de Villepin of France and Igor Ivanov of Russia. After assuring them and Annan that he personally hated war—“I’ve lost friends in war; I’ve fought in two wars; I’ve commanded wars”—Powell then asserted that he didn’t “accept the premise that wars always lead to bad results.” At this point, Joschka Fischer of Germany chimed in, “And we are the best example of that.”
The scene captures politics at the top as Annan lived it, but it also encapsulates what the UN is actually for. It is the forum that forces the powerful to earn legitimacy by persuading the weak that their cause is just. Powell was still seeking that legitimacy six weeks after the invasion itself when he came to Annan’s office with a team of briefers to prove that the US invaders had found Saddam’s weapons of mass destruction. A troubled secretary of state was still looking for absolution. “Kofi, they’ve made an honest man of me,” he exclaimed. Annan and his team remained stonily unconvinced by the evidence.
Prestige accrues to those who get the big issues right. Annan got Iraq right. Saddam Hussein had stopped all programs to make WMDs since 1991. If the findings of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the UN inspector Hans Blix had been listened to, and Blix had been given more time to confirm them, Iraq’s lack of WMDs would have been exposed. But as Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz later admitted, they couldn’t allow the “Jews and the Persians” to find out and so they stonewalled the inspectors, provoking the invasion and their regime’s downfall.
Colin Powell’s reputation never recovered from Iraq and it proved a turning point for Annan’s as well. For five years, he fought to keep the UN at the center of the diplomatic dance with Saddam, while seeking to guarantee that if force was used, it would be approved through the Security Council. But he had already created a precedent for unilateral action, having given his blessing to the NATO operation in Kosovo, launched without Security Council approval. Now, with the Security Council flatly refusing to endorse an invasion of Iraq, he concluded that the American invasion was “illegal.” The Bush administration never forgave him for that judgment. It ignored the UN, plunged into the invasion, and Annan was left to draw slim consolation from the knowledge that he and his organization had refused to legitimize a debacle:
The United Nations had stood up for itself, and its founding principles. It would matter little to the world—and to the people of Iraq—in the months and years to come, but far worse would have been [to be] a rubber stamp for a war fought on false premises.
In August 2003, Annan’s personal envoy in Iraq, Sergio Vieira de Mello, and twenty-two of his colleagues were blown up in a terrorist attack on the UN headquarters in Baghdad. It was a parable of trust misplaced. Annan and the UN put their faith in American protection and Annan paid for this faith by losing one of his oldest friends and closest collaborators.
In the year that followed the invasion, scandal erupted over Oil for Food, the UN program established to ensure that Saddam wouldn’t use the international sanctions regime to starve his own people. With the active collusion of UN officials, the Saddam regime siphoned $8.4 billion of illegal kickbacks from the scheme, and some UN officials and foreign contractors made illicit fortunes on a program supposed to help the poorest Iraqis. When Annan appointed Paul Volcker to uncover the truth about Oil for Food. Volcker discovered that Cotecna, one of the more than two thousand companies involved in these kickbacks, had hired Kojo Annan, Kofi’s son, and paid him until 2004, even though he stopped working there in 1998.
Having been the darling of the American media and Washington establishment, Annan now watched, in a gathering haze of depression, as they turned on him and press conferences rang with calls for his resignation. In December 2004, with his prestige in tatters, Annan agreed to a soul-searching review of his predicament at Richard Holbrooke’s apartment in New York. There, Les Gelb of the Council on Foreign Relations told him that after a visit to check with his sources in Washington, the Bush administration’s view of Annan was: “They won’t push you, but if you stumble, they’re not going to catch you either.”
Annan survived by calling in every political favor he had accumulated in a long career. His friend Bill Clinton went to the White House and told George Bush, “You do not want Kofi Annan’s blood on your hands,” to which Bush replied, “My right-wingers want to destroy the United Nations, but I don’t.”
In his final two years as secretary-general, Annan fought to salvage his reputation. He took responsibility for the abject management failures and outright thievery that had characterized Oil for Food and sought to regain the political initiative by launching a frenetic attempt to reform the institution. He wanted to enlarge the Security Council, create a peace-building commission, and replace the discredited Human Rights Commission with a Human Rights Council. The effort was worthy but the moment for reform had passed. By then, the US had sent the obstreperous ambassador John Bolton to the UN as a sign of its displeasure and as a sop to Bush’s right wing. Annan discovered that his own prestige was too depleted to achieve significant reform. A secretary-generalship that had begun with hope in 1996 ended in frustration in 2006.
When you recall how Annan’s secretary-generalship ended, you begin to understand his hunger to remain in the public eye, to mediate a political settlement in Kenya following disputed elections in 2008, and finally to find peace in Syria. These quests for peace are something more than an experienced mediator’s desire to stay busy. In some deep way, given what he has seen, lived through, and taken responsibility for, they can be taken as a conscientious man’s quest for redemption.
Annan’s story is a cautionary tale about the fragility of moral prestige in a world still stubbornly ruled by state interest. He can be seen as an entrepreneur of moral standards, promoting new ideas of collective behavior, sovereign responsibility, and international criminal accountability for a world that briefly believed that globalization might bring us together. He put his own prestige on the line to bring peace to war zones from Bosnia to East Timor. He will talk to tyrants if there is a chance for peace. To achieve these goals, he was prepared—this was the essence of his job—to live with the narrow nationalism of the state interests he served and the cowardice of the UN bureaucracy that made him who he was. No one ever came closer to being the voice of “we the peoples” and no one paid a higher price for it. The world still needs such a voice, but the next person who tries to fill that role will want to reflect long and hard on the lessons of this candid, courageous, and unsparing memoir.
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https://bdaily.co.uk/articles/2014/03/11/bill-gates-alma-mater-junior-chamber-international-expands-in-harrogate
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en
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Bill Gates' alma mater Junior Chamber International expands in Harrogate
|
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[
"Clare Burnett",
"Member on",
"Bdaily Business News"
] |
2014-03-11T00:00:00
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Bdaily UK | Business News
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en
|
Bdaily Business News
|
https://bdaily.co.uk/articles/2014/03/11/bill-gates-alma-mater-junior-chamber-international-expands-in-harrogate
|
Junior Chamber International, a network for young entrepreneurs and business people has expanded into Harrogate.
Past members of JCI include Kofi Annan, Bill Clinton and Bill Gates andhas 250,000 active members in over 100 countries.
The JCI organisation is for business people aged between 18-40 and operates a range of business-based training and projects.
JCI provides young people with the opportunity to “develop their leadership skills, social responsibility, entrepreneurship and fellowship necessary to create positive change.”
President Michael Best was at the second meeting , when four brand new members stepped up to take part in a speaking competition.
He said: “The event is typical of many which JCI runs, allowing members to use the experience to develop the skill to think quickly- which can prove extremely important and many business and personal situations.
“We originally thought of this as more of an entertaining evening, whereby a couple of established members and I would speak, and give tips on speaking as part of a social evening.
“We then gave the new members the chance to have a go. Imagine my absolute surprise (and delight!) when four of them did. They were all brilliant too!
“Kit was commented that that many well established JCI members find off the cuff speaking a great challenge, so for four members at only their second meeting to push themselves was amazing!”
The next meeting, on 11th March at 6.30 pm, will take place at the Old Swan Hotel in Harrogate, which has offered the use of its facilities in order to support the development of JCI in Harrogate.
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https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-condoleezza-rice-4779269
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en
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Biography of Condoleezza Rice, Former US Secretary of State
|
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2019-12-19T12:06:36.965000-05:00
|
Condoleezza Rice is the first Black woman to have served as US Secretary of State. Learn more about her diverse life, career, and accomplishments.
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en
|
/favicon.ico
|
ThoughtCo
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https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-condoleezza-rice-4779269
|
Condoleezza Rice (born November 14, 1954) is an American diplomat, political scientist, and educator, who served as United States National Security Adviser and later as Secretary of State in the administration of President George W. Bush. Rice was the first woman and first Black woman to hold the post of national security adviser, and the first Black woman to serve as Secretary of State. An award-winning professor at her alma mater Stanford University, she has also served on the boards of Chevron, Charles Schwab, Dropbox, and the Rand Corporation, among other corporations and universities.
Early Life and Education
Condoleezza Rice was born on November 14, 1954, in Birmingham, Alabama. Her mother, Angelena (Ray) Rice was a high school teacher. Her father, John Wesley Rice, Jr., was a Presbyterian minister and dean at historically Black Stillman College in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Her first name comes from the Italian phrase “con dolcezza” meaning “with sweetness.”
Growing up in Alabama during a time when the South remained racially segregated, Rice lived on the campus of Stillman College until the family moved to Denver, Colorado, in 1967. In 1971, at age 16, she graduated from the all-girls St. Mary’s Academy in Cherry Hills Village, Colorado, and immediately entered the University of Denver. Rice majored in music until the end of her sophomore year, when she switched her major to political science after taking courses in international politics taught by Josef Korbel, father of future U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. In 1974, the 19-year old Rice graduated cum laude from the University of Denver with a B.A. in political science, having also been inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa Society. She then attended the University of Notre Dame, earning a master’s degree in political science in 1975.
After working as an intern at the U.S. Department of State, Rice traveled to Russia where she studied Russian at Moscow State University. In 1980, she entered the Josef Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver. Writing her dissertation on military policy in the then communist-ruled state of Czechoslovakia, she received a Ph.D. in political science in 1981 at age 26. Later the same year, Rice joined the faculty of Stanford University as a professor of political science. In 1984, she won the Walter J. Gores Award for Excellence in Teaching, and in 1993, the School of Humanities and Sciences Dean's Award for Distinguished Teaching.
In 1993, Rice became the first woman and first Black person to serve as provost—senior administrative officer—of Stanford University. During her six years as provost, she also served as the university’s chief budget and academic officer.
Government Career
In 1987, Rice took a break from her Stanford professorships to serve as an advisor on nuclear arms strategy to the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff. In 1989, she was appointed as a special assistant to President George H.W. Bush and director of Soviet and East European Affairs on the National Security Council during the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the reunification of East and West Germany.
In 2001, President George W. Bush chose Rice as the first woman to serve as National Security Advisor. Following the resignation of Colin Powell in 2004, she was appointed by President Bush and confirmed by the Senate as the 66th U.S. Secretary of State. As the first Black woman to hold the post, Rice served as Secretary of State from 2005 to 2009.
With the strong support of the Bush administration, Rice established a new State Department policy she called “Transformational Diplomacy,” with a goal of helping to expand and maintain America-friendly, democratic nations around the world, but particularly in the ever-volatile Middle East. Speaking at Georgetown University on January 18, 2006, Rice described Transformational Diplomacy as an effort “to work with our many partners around the world, to build and sustain democratic, well-governed states that will respond to the needs of their people and conduct themselves responsibly in the international system.”
To accomplish the goals of her Transformational Diplomacy, Rice oversaw the selective placement of the most-skilled U.S. diplomats to regions where existing or emerging democracies were the most-threatened by severe social and political problems such as poverty, disease, drug smuggling, and human trafficking. To better apply U.S. aid in these regions, Rice created the office of Director of Foreign Assistance within the State Department.
Rice’s achievements in the Middle East included the negotiations of Israel’s withdrawal from the disputed Gaza Strip and opening of border crossings in 2005, and the ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah forces in Lebanon declared on August 14, 2006. In November 2007, she organized the Annapolis Conference, seeking a two-state solution to the long-standing Israeli-Palestinian disagreement by creating a “Roadmap for peace” in the Middle East.
As Secretary of State, Rice also played a significant role in shaping U.S. nuclear diplomacy. In working to address human rights abuses in Iran, she worked for the passage of the United Nations Security Council resolution imposing sanctions against the country unless it curtailed its uranium enrichment program—a key step in developing nuclear weapons.
When details regarding North Korea’s nuclear weapons development and testing program became known, Rice opposed holding bilateral arms control talks with North Korea, while urging them to take part in the Six-Party Talks between China, Japan, Russia, North Korea, South Korea, and the United States. Held for the purpose of dismantling North Korea’s nuclear program, the talks were held periodically between 2003 and 2009, when North Korea decided to end its participation.
One of Rice’s most impactful diplomatic efforts came in October 2008, with the signing of the U.S.-India Agreement for Cooperation Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy—the 123 Agreement. Named for Section 123 of the U.S. Atomic Energy Act, the pact allowed for the trade of non-military nuclear material and technology between the two countries in order to help India meet its growing energy requirements.
Rice traveled extensively in carrying out her diplomatic efforts. Logging 1.059 million miles during her tenure, she held the record for travel by a Secretary of State until 2016, when Secretary of State John Kerry bested her by about 1,000 miles, racking up 1.06 million miles traveling on behalf of the Barack Obama administration.
Rice’s term as Secretary of State ended on January 21, 2009, when she was succeeded by former First Lady and Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton.
On August 29, 2012, Rice expressed her feelings on having served as Secretary of State and set aside rumors that she might be considering running for high elected office. Speaking at the Republican National Convention in Tampa, Florida, she stated, “I think my father thought I might be president of the United States. I think he would've been satisfied with secretary of state. I'm a foreign policy person and to have a chance to serve my country as the nation's chief diplomat at a time of peril and consequence, that was enough.”
Post-Government Life and Recognition
With the end of her term as Secretary of State, Rice returned to her teaching role at Stanford University and established herself in the private sector. Since 2009, she has served as a founding partner of the international strategic consulting firm RiceHadleyGates, LLC. She is also on the boards of online-storage technology company Dropbox and energy industry software firm C3. In addition, she serves on the boards of several major non-profit organizations including the George W. Bush Institute, and the Boys and Girls Clubs of America.
In August 2012, Rice joined businesswoman Darla Moore as the first two women admitted as members of the prestigious Augusta National Golf Club, in Augusta, Georgia. Known as the “Home of the Masters,” the club had become infamous for its repeated refusal to admit women and Blacks as members since it opened in 1933.
Known for her love of sports, Rice was chosen as one of the thirteen inaugural members of the College Football Playoff (CFP) selection committee in October 2013. When her selection was questioned by some college football experts, she revealed that she watched “14 or 15 games every week live on TV on Saturdays and recorded games on Sundays.”
In 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007, Rice appeared on Time magazine’s “Time 100” list of the most influential people in the world. As one of only nine people to have been chosen for the list so frequently, Time praised Rice in its March 19, 2007 issue for “executing an unmistakable course correction in U.S. foreign policy.” In 2004, Forbes magazine ranked Rice as the most powerful woman in the world and in 2005 as the second most powerful woman after German Chancellor Angela Merkel.
Personal Life
Though Rice was briefly engaged to professional football player Rick Upchurch during the 1970s, she has never married and has no children.
When she was just three-years-old, Rice started taking lessons in music, figure skating, ballet, and French. Until starting college, she hoped to become a concert pianist. At age 15, she won a student competition performing Mozart's Piano Concerto in D minor with the Denver Symphony Orchestra. In April 2002 and again in May 2017, she accompanied the renowned cellist Yo-Yo Ma in live performances of classic works by composers Johannes Brahms and Robert Schumann. In December 2008, she played a private recital for Queen Elizabeth, and in July 2010, she accompanied “Queen of Soul” Aretha Franklin at Philadelphia's Mann Music Centre in an appearance to raise money for underprivileged children and awareness for the arts. She continues to play regularly with an amateur chamber music group in Washington, D.C.
Professionally, Rice’s teaching career continues in full swing. She is currently the Denning Professor in Global Business and the Economy at the Stanford Graduate School of Business; the Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Senior Fellow on Public Policy at the Hoover Institution; and a professor of Political Science at Stanford University.
Sources and Further Reference
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https://www.postbulletin.com/news/annan-pleased-with-honor-at-alma-mater
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Annan pleased with honor at alma mater
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2009-05-21T04:00:00
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Associated Press
|
en
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/apple-touch-icon.png
|
Rochester Post Bulletin
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https://www.postbulletin.com/news/annan-pleased-with-honor-at-alma-mater
|
Associated Press
ST. PAUL — Former U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan is being honored by his alma mater with a life-sized bust at Macalester College’s new international studies center.
He told a small crowd at the St. Paul liberal arts college that it was great to be back. He spoke Wednesday in the entryway of the Institute for Global Citizenship.
He says he was initially cool to the idea of a bust because it seems like something that’s done for people who have died. But he’s pleased with the result and the mission of the institute.
He says the world is now a global village and no one can think purely in local terms. With that in mind, he said, he’s sure the institute will train future leaders.
Annan retired from the U.N. in 2006. He lives in Geneva and serves as a mediator and advocate for Africa.
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https://m.facebook.com/groups/mobacommunity/posts/6561770487231790/
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https://www.startribune.com/macalester-alum-kofi-annan-urges-students-to-become-leaders/481981371/
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en
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Macalester alum Kofi Annan urges students to become leaders
|
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[
"Gulam Jeelani",
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2018-05-08T14:04:00+00:00
|
Former U.N. Secretary-General visited for the renaming of a campus institute in his honor.
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en
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/icon.svg?9ceb0f521e2c061e
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https://www.startribune.com/macalester-alum-kofi-annan-urges-students-to-become-leaders/481981371
|
Kofi Annan, former secretary-general of the United Nations, returned to his alma mater in St. Paul on Monday and credited Macalester College for shaping him for a career in diplomacy.
"It all started here in 1959 when I was a student," Annan said. "The values and lessons I picked up here stayed with me throughout my life."
Annan, a member of the class of 1961, was on campus for the renaming of the Kofi Annan Institute for Global Citizenship in his honor. In a series of events on campus, the Ghanaian diplomat and Nobel Peace Prize winner met with his classmates, held a conversation about world affairs with the college president and told students they are never too young to be leaders.
"Today we have a lot of young people leading in the world, including those who want to end gun violence in this country," Annan said, referring to activism related to the recent mass shootings on school campuses across the United States.
St. Paul Mayor Melvin Carter introduced Annan before the unveiling and mentioned his memories of growing up in St. Paul when Annan was secretary-general of the U.N. — and an inspiration to him.
"I am excited to know what one graduate can do, I can't wait to see what a campus of current students can do," Carter said, joking that his staff needed to get a picture of him sitting next to Annan.
"The measure of his achievements is not just the fact that he, with the U.N., won the Nobel Peace Prize, but it is by the number of people he helps and number of people he inspires," Rosenberg said.
Annan was last at Macalester in 2009 when a life-size bronze bust of him was unveiled. In 2006, he was an inaugural speaker at the then-new Institute for Global Citizenship. The institute now renamed for him "fosters global citizenship by advancing scholarship, reflection, and ethical action in our local, national, and international communities," according to the college website.
Thousands of students, faculty, alumni and others packed an auditorium at the campus fieldhouse to hear Annan's wide-ranging conversation with Rosenberg. The one-hour session began with a performance by Macalester's African Music Ensemble, and then Annan touched on topics from Syria and the refugee crisis to privacy and propaganda concerns on social media.
"No society can long prosper without respect for rule of law and human rights," he said about his experience working as a peace envoy in Syria.
He reflected on the struggle in Syria, saying, "A peacemaker cannot want peace more than the people who gave him the job. In war, all are losers, including those who claim to be victorious."
In the middle of serious discussions, there were lighter moments, too. The audience broke out laughing when Annan said he and fellows students in the Ambassadors for Friendship Program once volunteered to go to prison as part of their effort to get to know the United States.
"There are not many people who want to go inside a lockup," said Annan, who studied economics.
Rosenberg asked what Annan does for fun. "I and my wife watch football and applaud together," he said.
"We had heard of him but never thought we would listen to him in person," said Clark, a freshman studying international relations and linguistics, who was among the first people to enter the auditorium.
It was also special occasion for alumni, who got to listen to Annan and see each other after a long time.
"Given his personality, we always thought he would be president of Ghana one day," said Dean Edstrom, who went to Macalester with Annan and graduated in 1962.
The day ended with a musical surprise for Annan when the audience stood and sang "Happy Birthday" to him. Annan turned 80 in April.
"This is the biggest number of people I have seen wishing someone happy birthday," Annan said. "You probably need to be 80 to get this."
A powerful storm rolled through quickly, but residents emerged from their shelter and pointed their phones to the sky to revel in the scenery.
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https://www.ualberta.ca/folio/2016/10/outstanding-canadians-to-receive-honorary-degrees.html
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Outstanding Canadians to receive honorary degrees
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"Michael Brown"
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2016-10-03T19:00:00
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| null |
This November, the University of Alberta will bestow honorary degrees on three individuals who have dedicated a significant portion of their energy and talent to uplifting future generations.
"An honorary degree is the University of Alberta's highest honour," said Doug Stollery, U of A chancellor. "I am delighted our learning community will have an opportunity at fall convocation to celebrate three outstanding Canadians whose leadership and service reflect-in different and inspiring ways-an enduring commitment to the public good."
Stephen Lewis
Stephen Lewis has spent a lifetime as one of Canada's most courageous and effective international voices in responding to some of the world's most serious injustices-a commitment that began to take shape over a two-year span beginning in 1959 while he served as a teacher in several African countries.
A desire to help find ways of alleviating suffering and poverty manifested itself in the form of public service, as Lewis was elected as a New Democratic Party member in the Ontario Legislature in 1963. He would go on to serve as leader of the Ontario NDP from 1970-78.
In 1984, Lewis was named Canada's ambassador to the United Nations, and on that stage he implored the wealthy countries of the world to do more. The world took notice. Lewis led the drafting of the five-year UN program on African economic recovery as well as the first comprehensive policy on global warming. Following his tenure as ambassador, he was named special adviser on Africa to the UN secretary-general and co-ordinated a major study on children affected by armed conflict. Lewis was also appointed by the Organization of African Unity to a Panel of Eminent Personalities to Investigate the Genocide in Rwanda.
It was as deputy executive director of UNICEF that Lewis saw first-hand the plight of people ravaged by HIV/AIDS. He served as UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan's special envoy for HIV/AIDS in Africa from June 2001 until the end of 2006.
Lewis is the co-founder and co-director of AIDS-Free World, an international advocacy organization that exposes the social ills that underpin and continue to sustain HIV. He is also co-founder and board chair of the Stephen Lewis Foundation. In addition to his charitable work, Lewis is also a professor of distinction at Ryerson University. He was appointed a companion of the Order of Canada in 2003.
Stephen Lewis will receive an honorary doctor of laws degree Nov. 16 at 3 p.m.
Elizabeth O'Neill
Elizabeth O'Neill has dedicated the past 35 years of her life to help ensure every child in the capital region has access to the same opportunities for a bright future.
O'Neill's journey as a tireless children's advocate began in 1979 when she became executive director of Big Sisters of Edmonton, which at the time served 50 children and had a budget of $60,000. Over the next three decades, O'Neill would become a driving force in strengthening Edmonton's charitable sector, overseeing the merger of Boys and Girls Club and Big Brothers Big Sisters of Edmonton and Area. By 2011, O'Neill was heading up the combined organization, which included more than 3,000 volunteers and 100 staff serving more than 5,000 children and youth.
Along the way, O'Neill would work with the Muttart Foundation on a provincewide children's initiative that, among other things, developed a framework to support the merging of charitable organizations that has been replicated across numerous agencies, locally and across Canada.
She also helped initiate the creation of Alberta Mentoring Partnership, a collective of government ministries and not-for-profit organizations committed to supporting the mentoring movement in Alberta. She is a board member of the Edmonton Community Foundation, the EPCOR Community Foundation and the TELUS Community Foundation. She is also a member of the newly established Edmonton Local Immigration Partnership.
She continues to balance the changing needs of children with emerging social issues and economic fluctuations in our society. For her outstanding contributions to the city, O'Neill was inducted into the Edmonton Hall of Fame for Community Service in 2012.
Elizabeth O'Neill will receive an honorary doctor of laws degree Nov. 16 at 10 a.m.
Ralph Young
Ralph Young's exemplary commitment to his family, his city, his province, his profession and his alma mater spans his lifetime.
While completing an MBA at the University of Alberta in 1971, Young was hired by Melcor Developments, the Edmonton-based real estate development company he would eventually lead to national prominence.
Young used his professional success to give back to his community. His business, philanthropy and volunteer efforts have touched almost every facet of Alberta life. Organizations he has served in one capacity or another include the Boy Scouts of Canada, the Winspear Concert Hall Society, the Citadel Theatre, the Edmonton Eskimos Football Club, the Minerva Foundation and the Rotary Club of Edmonton. Young served as president and as a director of the Urban Development Institute of Edmonton, Alberta and Canada. He chaired the Edmonton Centennial Celebration Committee and Carillon Clock Tower Foundation, served on the boards of the Edmonton Police Foundation and the Edmonton Regional Airports Authority, and shared his governance expertise as a director or trustee with the Caritas Health Group, Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research and Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions. His educational philanthropy has focused on his passion for Western Canadian heritage, student opportunities and student mental health.
But perhaps no one has benefited as much from Young's service as the U of A. Before being named chancellor in 2012, Young served in varied leadership roles at the university, including positions with the Alberta School of Business Advisory Council and the Alberta Business Family Institute, as past president of Alumni Council, and as Alumni Council representative on the U of A Senate and Board of Governors. His service reflects a deeply held belief in the importance of expanding educational opportunities that allow all individuals to reach their personal potential.
Chancellor Emeritus Ralph Young will receive an honorary doctor of laws degree Nov. 15 at 3 p.m.
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https://www.electionreformers.org/advisory-council
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Advisory Council
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https://www.electionreformers.org/advisory-council
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Brian Atwood is a Senior Fellow for International Studies and Public Affairs at Brown Universityâs Thomas Watson Institute for International Studies, and Professor Emeritus at the University of Minnesotaâs Hubert H Humphrey School of Public Affairs. Atwood was the first President of the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (1986 to 1993) and led the U.S. Agency for International Development during the Administration of President Bill Clinton.
Brian led the Clinton-Gore transition team at the State Department in 1992, and was Under Secretary of State for Management prior to his appointment as head of USAID. He received the Secretary of Stateâs Distinguished Service Award in 1999. During the Carter Administration he was Assistant Secretary of State for Congressional Relations. In 2001, Atwood served on UN Secretary General Kofi Annanâs Panel on Peace Operations. He was legislative advisor for foreign and defense policy to Senator Thomas F. Eagleton (DâMo) (1972 to 1977). Â He was a career diplomat before joining Senator Eagleton and later became Dean of Professional Studies and Academic Affairs at the Foreign Service Institute (1981-82). He is currently Chair of the Population Services International board, Vice Chair of the AFS Intercultural Programs board and a member of the board of the National Democratic Institute and of the Watson Institute Board of Overseers.
He served as Chair of Global Policy Studies and Professor of Public Policy at the Humphrey School from 2012 to 2015. He was dean of the Humphrey School from 2002 to 2010, and was elected President of the Association of Professional Schools of International Affairs in 2009. He was also the Chair of the University of Minnesotaâs Deansâ council and a recipient of the Universityâs Distinguished Service Award. From 2010 to 2012, Atwood was the member-elected Chair of the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
Maura Brueger is a senior executive with nearly 30 years of experience in government relations, community affairs and political organizing and campaigns in the United States and internationally. In her current position as the Director of Government and Legislative Affairs at Seattle City Light, she manages federal, state and regional relations as well as Seattle City Council relations for the 10th largest public electric utility in the United States. Other experience includes directing the Deputy Secretaryâs Office at the U.S. Department of Housing & Urban Development from 2009-2010, and 12 years as senior staff to King County Executive Ron Sims in Seattle, WA, where she managed government and community relations for the nationâs 13th most populous county which also administers elections for over 1 million votes. Prior to her government career, Maura worked in international political development for the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs; in candidate recruitment and assistance for EMILYâs List and the Womenâs Campaign Fund; and as staff on several political campaigns. She is a graduate of the University of Michigan with a degree in Political Science.
Mr. Fischer has held three election directorships in internationally supervised elections where electoral security was one of his responsibilities. Â In 1996, he was appointed by the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) to serve as Director General of Elections for the first post-conflict elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1999, Mr. Fischer was appointed by the United Nations (UN) as Chief Electoral Officer for the Popular Consultation for East Timor. Â And, in 2000, Mr. Fischer received a joint appointment from the UN and OSCE to head the Joint Registration Taskforce in Kosovo and served as the OSCEâs Director of Election Operations for municipal elections held that year. Â He has also served as an election official in the United States as a Commissioner with the Kansas City Board of Elections (1985 â 1990) and a Commissioner on the Missouri Political Finance Review Commission (1991 â 1992).
Mr. Fischer also served as a Senior Advisor to the Independent Election Commission of Afghanistan and the UN for its audit of the 2014 presidential election results; and as a member of the Experts Verification Commission of the Organization of Americans States (OAS), auditing the results of the 2010 presidential election in Haiti.
Mr. Fischer has also served in various capacities with the International Foundation for Electoral Systems including as its first Executive Vice President (1993 â 2006); and as an expert consultant with such international organizations and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), International IDEA, and the OAS.
He is a Senior Advisor to the Sant âAnna School of Advanced Studies and its on-line Master in Electoral Policy and Administration (MEPA). Â For MEPA, Mr. Fischer developed the courses on Elections and Voting as Instruments of Governance and Electoral Security and Conflict Prevention. Â He also serves as a dissertation supervisor for the students. Â Fischer teaches graduate-level courses in the Democracy and Governance Studies Program at Georgetown University on International Electoral Policy and Practice and a course on Electoral Integrity â Managing Digital Disruption, Violence, and Malpractice. Mr. Fischer has also established Electoral Policy Study Groups in cooperation with USAID where Georgetown students research policy issues for USAID. Â Mr. Fischer has been a Visiting Lecturer at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, teaching a Policy Workshop on Managing Elections in Fragile States (2007 â 2010, 2014, 2016, 2019) and Elections and Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa (2012).
Jim Jonas is a veteran public affairs, corporate, and political communications consultant and a nonpartisan electoral reform leader. He serves as the Executive Director of the National Association of Nonpartisan Reformers in addition to his consulting work with his company, Centennial Strategies. He was a co-founder of Unity â08, a consultant to Americans Elect, and has helped launch and manage a wide range of groundbreaking electoral reform projects, independent candidate campaigns and public engagement organizations.
Jim held senior positions at the campaigns of Greg Orman (I) for US Senate 2014; Lamar Alexander (R) for President 1996; Bush/Quayle Re-elect 1992; Rep. Cass Ballenger (R) for Congress 1990; and with Ailes Communications where he wrote, directed and produced multimedia political campaigns for a variety of national candidates and committees. Jim served on overseas democracy support delegations in Africa and Asia with the International Republican Institute.
Heâs a graduate of Guilford College and the Graduate School of Political Management at George Washington University. Jim has won numerous recognitions including several Pollies, a Reed, an International IABC Gold Quill and was named a âRising Starâ by Campaigns & Elections magazine. He and his family live in Denver, CO.
A professional and personal dedication to inclusive political participation has been the primary focus of Patâs attention since she organized and managed the grassroots campaign to lower the voting age to 18 in the United States, the result of which was the 26th amendment to the U.S. Constitution. She followed as the director of field organizing and state initiatives for Common Cause, a position that took her to all 50 state capitals working with citizen activists to create legal frameworks for open and accountable political processes and state governance. Pat took her experience in the US into the international arena with NDI as part of the original team of seven. She brought her network of political consultants and elected leaders into the NDI family, creating a skills-based resource of knowledge and experience empowering democratic activists around the world. She currently serves as the director of international affairs for the American Federation of Teachers.
Scott O. Konopasek was the principal election administrator in six counties in California, Washington, Utah, and Virginia from 1995-2022. Â He has consulted on election issues with advocacy groups, non-profits and state and local elections offices and is frequently quoted on security issues in local and national media. Â Currently he consults with the Carter Center Democracy Program and Conflict Resolution team as an election expert.
Scott has served on election task forces and working groups at the state and national level and has earned state and national certifications, awards, and recognition for innovation, project management, and leadership. He is a lifetime member of the Election Center.
He resides in Richmond VA and serves on the Boards of Ranked Choice Voting Resource Center, Central Virginia Woodworker Guild and the RVA Urban Wood Foundation and works closely with Veterans for All Voters.
Scott has degrees in French Literature and International Relations and an MA in Political Science. Â He is a former US Army Intelligence Officer and Military Attache with service in several overseas theaters.
â
Rick LaRue is a freelance writer on the Constitution and elections, focusing on electoral structure (term lengths, term limits, the Electoral College, and voting). His work has appeared in the Election Law Journal, The Fulcrum (where he became a Contributor in 2023), Constitutional Conversations, and the Washington Post. His most recent ELJ article, "We Love the Bill of Rights. Can We Like a Bill of Structures?" presents a set of amendments to fix erosion of our electoral structure, which he discussed with Rep. Jamie Raskin in their 2023 Constitution Day Conversation. For the Constitution's 250th anniversary in 2037, they agreed on celebrating the document by repairing it.
Before shifting to writing, LaRue had a 40-year career as a non-profit executive in Washington, DC, with such organizations as the Center for Responsive Politics (now OpenSecrets), the American Society of International Law, and the Eisenhower Institute. His contributions included development (e.g., raising $30 million), communications (authoring or editing annual reports, newsletters and publications), and general as well as project management. He earned an MBA from the University of Maryland and a BA with special honors from George Washington University, where he majored in political science and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa.
David Levine is the Elections Integrity Fellow at the Alliance for Securing Democracy. David previously served in a range of positions administering and observing elections, and advocating for election reform. As the Ada County, Idaho Elections Director, he managed the administration of all federal, state county and local district elections in Boise and its environs. As Election Management Advisor for the Washington, DC Board of Elections, he supported the Executive Director and the Board in highly complex matters relating to elections operations, data management, voter registration and outreach, and advised others concerning legislation, statutes and regulations impacting election programs. He also served as the Deputy Director of Elections for the City of Richmond, Virginia. Before he actually administered elections, David worked with advocacy groups to improve the election process. He has also observed elections overseas in a number of countries for the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. He received a bachelorâs degree in history from Haverford College and a law degree from Case Western Reserve University.
Lisa McLean currently serves as the Executive Director of the independent, bipartisan Washington State Redistricting Commission. She previously served as stateâs coordinator of its 2020 Census outreach effort, working with nonprofit, philanthropic, and appointed and elected leaders across the state to educate and build awareness about the 2020 Censusâand ultimately encourage confidence, trust and participation in the process. As a result of her efforts, Washington state had the second highest self-response rate in the nation.
Prior to her work in Washington state, Lisa worked for more than 25 years at the National Democratic Institute helping to build democratic institutions and processes in Africa, Central and Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East. She has written and contributed to numerous reports on election and legislative processes throughout the Balkans and has led several, large-scale public opinion research projects in Albania, Iraq, Kenya, and Montenegro. She has an MA from John Hopkins Universityâs School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) and a BA from Boston College.
Thomas O. Melia is Washington Director at PEN America, an organization standing at the intersection of literature and human rights to protect free expression in the United States and worldwide. Prior to joining PEN America, he served in the Obama Administration as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, and as Assistant Administrator in the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) until January 2017. Melia has also served as Deputy Executive Director of Freedom House, Vice President for Programs at the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, Associate Director of the Solidarity Center, and executive director of Democracy International.
Melia is a contributing editor for The American Interest, a member of the board of directors of the Free Russia Foundation and the Center for Civic Education, as well as chair of the board of the Project on Middle East Democracy (POMED). Â In 2017-2018, Melia was a nonresident Fellow at the George W. Bush Institute, helping to lead a bipartisan initiative to reinvigorate American leadership in defense of human rights and democracy at home and abroad. He has taught at Princeton Universityâs Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Service, Georgetown University, and his alma mater, The Johns Hopkins Universityâs School of Advanced International Studies.
Patrick Merloe is dedicated to human dignity and electoral integrity in the United States and around the globe. He has over 40 years of experience in promoting citizen empowerment, governmental accountability, and electoral rights and responsibilities. As Senior Associate and Director of Electoral Programs at the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI) he engaged on the ground with citizen activists and political leaders in more than 65 countries and played a leading role in developing the Declaration of Principles for International Election Observation and its implementation process as well as facilitating the creation of the Global Network of Domestic Election Monitors and its corresponding principles declaration, which is endorsed by 299 citizen groups and coalitions in 97 countries and territories.
Pat has taught courses at the University of Pennsylvania, University of San Francisco, and the University of the District of Columbia law schools and has authored more than a dozen publications on elections, human rights, and international law. He served as a Citizen Member of the official US Delegation to the OSCEâs Human Dimension Meeting, and as expert panelist for the European External Action Service and European Parliament, United Nations Development Program, UN Electoral Assistance Division and numerous other institutions. Pat co-chaired the Bar Association of San Franciscoâs International Human Rights Committee and played leadership roles in several domestic civil and human rights efforts. He is an active member of the Kofi Annan Foundationâs Electoral Integrity Initiative.
James Tierney is a Lecturer in Law at Harvard Law School.
Mr. Tierney served as the Attorney General of Maine from 1980 until 1990. During those years, Mr. Tierney played an active role in the National Association of Attorneys General (NAAG) and served on its various committees. Since 1990 he has instructed newly elected state Attorneys General on the effective performance of their office and consulted for numerous offices of attorneys general on a host of structural, legal and ethical issues. Mr. Tierney has served as a Special Prosecutor in Florida, Pennsylvania, Minnesota and Vermont and, on behalf of NAAG, has authored an analysis of the operations of state grand jury practice.
Since 2010, Mr. Tierney has taught courses on the role of state attorneys general and has directed the attorney general clinic. He taught a similar course at Columbia Law School from 2000 until 2016, where he was the Director of the National State Attorney General Program, and was a Visiting Lecturer in Law at Yale Law School in the Spring of 2018. He is currently the director of StateAG.org, which is an educational resource on the office of state attorney general. He travels regularly to visit in offices of attorney general where he conducts ethics seminars for attorneys general and their staffs. He received his J.D. from University of Maine, Portland, and his B.A., highest honors, from the University of Maine, Orono.
Anna Wang is a strategic philanthropy, advocacy, and impact professional with more than 25 years of experience in the non-profit, foundation, and social venture sector. While she has worn many hats, she will always say that the height of her career was her first job working on South Africaâs first multi-party election in Johannesburg with the National Democratic Institute. Her first exposures to elections were working with the Human Rights Campaign during the mid-term elections in 1990 and on the polling team with President Bill Clintonâs 1992 Presidential campaign.
Anna now works with individuals and family offices that are advancing an impact agenda in social justice, sustainable development, and climate resilience, helping them develop and implement their purpose-driven portfolios. Anna is also a global health advocacy expert, having worked for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Medicines for Malaria Venture, and Atomo Diagnostics. She is currently leading the impact agenda at Gore Street Capital, a renewable energy private equity firm based in London and supporting Canary, a start-up developing a novel technology to detect early stage cancer.
Anna is the founder of a non-profit photography collective, Photographers for Hope, which aims to use the power of images to support positive social change. Anna is also on the board of International Bridges to Justice, an organization dedicated to providing access to justice for the most vulnerable populations in developing countries.
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https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/features/the-late-un-boss-kofi-annan/2018/
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The Late UN Boss Kofi Annan
|
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2018-08-20T14:52:36+00:00
|
Mr. Kofi Annan, left a sterling legacy during his ten year tenure as the UN Chief. Among them was fighting for Equality as well as encouraging Peacekeeping.
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GBC Ghana Online - The Nation\'s Broadcaster | Breaking News from Ghana, Business, Sports, Entertainment, Fashion and Video News
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https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/features/the-late-un-boss-kofi-annan/2018/
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https://www.akatanews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/kofi-annan-feature.mp3
Mr. Kofi Annan, left a sterling legacy during his ten year tenure as the UN Chief. Among them was fighting for Equality as well as encouraging Peacekeeping. One remarkable legacy was championing reforms at the UN. During an engagement with the Founder and Chair of the Mo Ibrahim Foundation, Dr Mo Ibrahim, Mr Annan acknowledged that the task of reforming the UN was enormous since the organisation was a complex one. The Late Kofi Annan, was also a strong voice against African leaders who entrenched themselves in power. To him, leaders must not always have their way but pause to listen to the ordinary citizen as well. During a recent engagement with Alumni of his Alma Mater Mfantsipim School, Mr Annan, said it is a shame to seek to remain in power indefinitely, citing countries like Uganda, Sudan, Equatorial Guinea, and Cameroon. Mr Kofi Annan died at a hospital in Switzerland, Saturday morning after short illness. He was 80. He served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He is the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organization founded by Nelson Mandela.
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Amina Healthcare Group
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Welcome to our profile update form. Your details are essential for our website and records. Please ensure accuracy when filling it out. Note: On Saturdays/Sundays , we'll have a photo session on the 3rd floor from 10:00 AM to 1:00 PM. Failure to fill the form and attend the photo session will result in exclusion
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en
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Amina Healthcare Group - Offering best medical and clinical service in Al Jurf, Ajman
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https://aminahealthcare.ae/doctors-details/
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Welcome to our profile update form. Your details are essential for our website and records. Please ensure accuracy when filling it out.
Note: On Saturdays/Sundays , we’ll have a photo session on the 3rd floor from 10:00 AM to 1:00 PM.
Failure to fill the form and attend the photo session will result in exclusion from the website.
Thank you for your cooperation.
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https://www.startribune.com/kofi-annan-diplomat-peacemaker-ping-pong-legend/492262351/
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Kofi Annan: Diplomat, peacemaker, Ping-Pong legend
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"Jennifer Brooks"
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2018-09-02T00:04:00+00:00
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Annan in August at age 80, leaving his mark on international diplomacy and his name on Macalester's Institute for Global Citizenship.
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/icon.svg?9ceb0f521e2c061e
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https://www.startribune.com/kofi-annan-diplomat-peacemaker-ping-pong-legend/492262351
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Annan died last month at age 80, leaving his mark on international diplomacy and his name on Macalester's Institute for Global Citizenship. He left another mark at the St. Paul campus: his signature, scrawled in fading Sharpie, on the side of a Ping-Pong table.
"Kofi Annan Ping-Pong Table," notes a wall plaque in the Leonard Center Athletic and Wellness Complex. "A salute to Kofi Annan, '61, in recognition of the table tennis championship he won in his senior year."
Betty Rudberg Bole held on to the silver medal she and Annan won that week in 1960 all her life. She passed away late last year, but her husband, Ron Bole, still has that medal in his curio cupboard. And in his basement is the family Ping-Pong table, where Betty and Kofi practiced.
"Everyone laughed" when Annan told the students that one of his most memorable college experiences revolved around Ping-Pong, Bole said. The audience, gathered a few decades ago, had been "thinking he was going to come up with something intellectual."
Annan "went on to explain that he was in a tournament at Macalester and that was an interesting social and cultural experience for him," said Bole, who ran on the Macalester track team with Annan.
Even back then, he said, there was something about the young exchange student from Ghana.
A Ping-Pong table isn't Annan's most important legacy at Macalester. But college President Brian Rosenberg, who played a few games with Annan on his namesake table, said it was a fitting tribute to a man who took many things seriously, but not himself.
"He was and will always be a source of enormous pride" to Macalester, Rosenberg said. "What he did was so clearly an embodiment of the college's mission [of] internationalism and service to society. The work he did was our mission, carried out into the world at the very, very highest level."
On his final visit to his alma mater, in May this year, Annan autographed a pair of Ping-Pong paddles the school is planning to mount in the athletic center. But when he sat down to talk with Rosenberg and the students, his talk was a thoughtful, hourlong discussion of leadership and public service.
"It all started here in 1959 when I was a student," he said, following the dedication of the newly renamed Kofi Annan Institute for Global Citizenship. "The values and lessons I picked up here stayed with me throughout my entire life."
Annan and his wife, Nane, stayed in guest housing on campus and made a point of stopping by the kitchen every day to thank the student workers who made their breakfast, Rosenberg said. Before they left town, they asked to meet the custodian who cleaned their room so they could thank him.
"Kofi was consistently thoughtful and gracious. He treated people exactly the way you would want to be treated," Rosenberg said. "It didn't matter whether you were a head of state or the person who did the custodial work. ... He was remarkably undemanding and unimpressed with himself."
But he made an impression on others even 50 or 60 years ago. Bole remembers a story he heard from a friend who drove around the country with Annan as part of the college's Ambassadors for Friendship program. The friend drove Annan down to southern Minnesota and introduced him to his family.
"My friend remembers what his parents said after they left," Bole said. "They said, 'That man is going to go somewhere.' They could sense that there was something unique about Kofi that would propel him to something. They didn't know then what it would be."
On one of Annan's visits back to Macalester, Ron and Betty Bole made their way backstage to say hello to their old friend. Betty brought the silver Ping-Pong medal and they reminisced about their glory days in mixed doubles table tennis.
Betty's family lived just five houses west of campus, on Lincoln Avenue, and in their basement was a Ping-Pong table. Betty and Kofi would go there to practice. If he timed it right, Bole remembered, the future U.N. secretary-general would come upstairs just in time for a supper invitation from Betty's mother.
"So he would stay and eat and they ate well, I'm sure, because I ate well there for many years," Bole said.
The Ping-Pong table in the old campus rec center, where Annan won silver, was probably tossed out years ago, but the Boles kept the practice table in the family.
"We still play on that table," Bole said with a laugh. "The plaque should really be on that table."
In the coming months and years, Macalester will find other ways to honor the life and legacy of Kofi Annan.
If you'd like to do the same, you can share a game with someone who needs a laugh or share a meal with someone who needs the company. Like Ping-Pong legend Kofi Annan, you could treat people the way you would want to be treated.
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Honorary Degrees
INDIANA UNIVERSITY
Commencement 2003
Samuel Hulbert
Doctor of Science, IU Bloomington
Biomedical Engineer and President, Rose Hulman Institute of Technology
Max Marsh
Doctor of Science, IU Bloomington
Pharmaceutical Researcher, Chemist and Pioneer
Herbert White
Doctor of Humane Letters, IU Bloomington
Library and Information Science Scholar, Educator and Writer
J. Herman Blake
Doctor of Humane Letters, IUPUI
University Educator, Administrator and Mentor
A’Leilia Bundles
Doctor of Human Letters, IUPUI
NBC and ABC Television News Producer, Author and Lecturer
Ting-Kai Li
Doctor of Science, IUPUI
Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Researcher and Federal Agency Director
Virgil Hunt
Doctor of Humane Letters, IU Kokomo
University Administrator, Mentor and Philanthropist
Barbara Warner
Doctor of Humane Letters, IU South Bend
Philanthropist, Volunteer and Advocate for the Arts
Commencement 2004
Judy O’Bannon
Doctor of Humane Letters, IU Bloomington
an historic preservationist, literacy advocate, international ambassador and volunteer.
Tavis Smiley
Doctor of Humane Letters, IU Kokomo
a PBS/NPR talk show host, author and philanthropist.
Lehman Adams
Doctor of Science, IUPUI
dentist, civil rights activist, volunteer
Jeffrey Gibney
Doctor of Humane Letters, IU South Bend
teacher, social activist, community developer
Ruth Lilly
Doctor of Humane Letters, IUPUI
Philanthropist
(has libraries at IU named after her)
Robert Wood Lynn
Doctor of Humane Letters, IUPUI
religious educator, scholar, administrator
Haydn Murray
Doctor of Science, IU Bloomington
geologist, IUB professor emeritus
Joseph Stiglitz
Doctor of Laws, IU Northwest
economist, adviser, Nobel Prize laureate
Peggy Thomson
Doctor of Humane Letters, IUPUI
philanthropist, volunteer
2005
Natsagiin Bagabandi, former president of Mongolia, will receive an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Indiana University on Saturday (Dec. 17) in recognition of a decades-long relationship between the central Asian nation and the university.
Milton Cole
Business leader and CEO to receive Doctor of Laws degree [at May commencement]
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Autumn 2005 Commencement
Judah Folkman, Doctor of Science
Jerome I. Friedman, Doctor of Science
Honorary doctorates were presented to Dr. Judah Folkman, a Columbus native and renowned medical researcher; and Jerome Friedman, Nobel laureate and professor of physics emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Summer 2005 Commencement
Frank M. Bass, Doctor of Business Administration
Roger O. McClellan, Doctor of Science
Grayce McVeigh Sills, Doctor of Public Service
Honorary doctorates were presented to Frank M. Bass, a leading scholar in marketing and brand evolution; Roger O. McClellan, an internationally recognized expert in the field of inhalation toxicology; and Grayce McVeigh Sills, professor emeritus of nursing at The Ohio State University College of Nursing and an internationally recognized leader in the field of psychiatric nursing.
Spring 2005 Commencement
Glen H. Elder, Doctor of Social Science
William H. Hall, Doctor of Public Service
Carl E. Wieman, Doctor of Science
Honorary doctorates were presented to Glen H. Elder, Jr., Doctor of Social Science; William H. Hall, Doctor of Public Service; Carl E. Wieman, Doctor of Science
Winter 2005 Commencement
Gerald E. Brown, Doctor of Science
Eugene C. Scott, Doctor of Science
(no info available…I’ll have to search through press releases)
Autumn 2004 Commencement
Edward J. Larson, Doctor of Humane Letters
Leon M. Lederman, Doctor of Science Education
M.S. Swaminathan, Doctor of Agricultural Science
Honorary doctorates will be presented to Edward J. Larson, Pulitzer Prize-winning professor of history and law at the University of Georgia; Leon M. Lederman, an internationally renowned specialist in high-energy physics; and M.S. Swaminathan, one of the world’s leading agricultural scientists.
Summer 2004 Commencement
Ernest M. Henley, Doctor of Science
Howard M. Johnson, Doctor of Science
Honorary doctorates will be presented to Ernest M. Henley, one of the most influential theoretical nuclear physicists in our time; and Howard M. Johnson, a three-time Ohio State graduate whose immunology research has played an important role in the use of interferon in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Spring 2004 Commencement
David W. Harvey, Doctor of Science
The honorary Doctor of Science degree will be presented to David W. Harvey, an internationally recognized geographer and social scientist.
Winter 2004 Commencement
Avery Cardinal Dulles, S.J., Doctor of Humane Letters
Durbin D. Feeling, Doctor of Humane Letters
Honorary Doctor of Human Letters degrees will be awarded to Avery Cardinal Dulles, S.J., the Laurence J. McGinley Professor of Religion and Society at Fordham University; and Durbin D. Feeling, who has devoted his professional life to the description, preservation, and teaching of the Cherokee language.
Autumn 2003 Commencment
Geradus 't Hooft, Doctor of Science
Nathaniel R. Jones, Doctor of Laws
Mark B. Rucker, Doctor of Music
Honorary doctorates will be presented to Geradus ‘t Hooft, Nobel laureate and professor of physics at the University of Htrecht in The Netherlands; Nathaniel R. Jones, a retired judge for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit; and Mark B. Rucker, a baritone who has earned an international reputation as a performer in some of opera’s most challenging roles.
Summer 2003 Commencement
William F. Ganong, Doctor of Science
Dennis J. Greenland, Doctor of Science
(no info avail.—Need to search through press releases)
Spring 2003 Commencement
Robert D. Havener, Doctor of Public Service
Adrienne L. Kennedy, Doctor of Literature
Professor William E. Kirwan, Doctor of Education
R.E. "Ted" Turner, Doctor of Humane Letters
(no info avail.—Need to search through press releases)
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, CHAPEL HILL
Press Release: May 15, 2002
U.S. Sen. John R. Edwards of North Carolina, whom The Wall Street Journal has recognized as one who "impresses colleagues in behind-doors deliberations." Edwards, who grew up in Robbins and received a law degree with honors from UNC, will receive a doctor of laws degree.
Dr. Verne E. Chaney Jr., founder and president of the Thomas A. Dooley Foundation-INTERMED USA and INTERMED, Geneva, Switzerland. Chaney, who completed a residency in surgery at UNC and has received the UNC School of Medicine Distinguished Service Award, will receive a doctor of science degree.
Julian H. Robertson Jr., founder of Tiger Management Corp. Robertson, who received a bachelor’s degree in business administration from UNC and has received the UNC Board of Trustees’ William R. Davie Award, will receive a doctor of laws degree.
May 18, 2003 Commencement
William H. Cosby Jr., comedian, holder of three university degrees and a popular commencement speaker; doctor of laws degree.
Drew S. Days III, a law professor at Yale University, advocate of civil and human rights and former Solicitor General of the United States; doctor of laws degree.
Reynolds Price, an English professor at Duke University and author of more than 30 books, winner of a National Book Critics Circle Award and other honors; doctor of letters degree.
C.D. (Dick) Spangler Jr., a successful Charlotte businessman and president emeritus of the 16-campus University of North Carolina; doctor of laws degree.
May 9, 2004 Commencement
Julius L. Chambers, pioneering civil rights attorney, alumnus of UNC’s School of Law, director of UNC’s Center for Civil Rights and chancellor emeritus of North Carolina Central University; doctor of laws degree.
Dr. William A. Graham, dean of Harvard Divinity School, renowned religious scholar and author, and UNC alumnus and former Morehead Scholar; doctor of humane letters degree.
Maurice J. Koury, president of Carolina Hosiery, commercial developer, UNC alumnus and former trustee, and longtime supporter of the university’s academic and athletic programs; doctor of laws degree.
William O. McCoy, former interim UNC-Chapel Hill chancellor and UNC system vice president for finance, Carolina alumnus and longtime supporter, and former vice chairman of the board of BellSouth Corp; doctor of laws degree.
William F. Winter, former Mississippi legislator and governor, renowned advocate for social and political reform in the South, and lawyer; doctor of laws degree.
May 15, 2005 Commencement
The Rev. Peter Gomes, Plummer professor of Christian morals and Pusey minister in the Memorial Church of Harvard University, esteemed religious scholar, author and speaker; doctor of divinity degree.
Frank Borden Hanes, writer, philanthropist, UNC alumnus and supporter; doctor of humane letters degree.
Nannerl Overholser Keohane, fellow at Stanford University, former president of Duke University and Wellesley College, author and scholar of political philosophy; doctor of laws degree.
Anand Panyarachun, twice prime minister of Thailand, former ambassador to the United States and founding chairman of the Kenan Institute Asia; doctor of laws degree.
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
Press Release April 21, 2003 (regarding Spring 2003 Commencement)
Jennifer Granholm, Doctor of Laws
Governor of Michigan, first female governor of Michigan
Oleg Grabar, Doctor of Humane Letters
professor emeritus at the Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies
Judith Jamison, Doctor of Fine Arts
director of the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater
Hillel Shuval, Doctor of Science
Lunenfeld-Kunen Professor of Environmental Sciences at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Dr. John Schwarz, Doctor of Laws
former Michigan state senator representing Battle Creek
Billy Taylor, Doctor of Music
jazz pianist and educator
Press Release November 24, 2003 (regarding Winter 2003 Commencement)
Thomas Miller, Doctor of Laws
U.S. ambassador to Greece, previously served in areas of conflict such as Bosnia; received bachelor's, master's and doctorate degrees in political science from U-M.,also a master's degree in Asian studies from U-M
Ann Lurie, Doctor of Laws
one of the Midwest's leading philanthropists
“…president of Lurie Investments, president and treasurer of the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Foundation, president of African Infectious Disease Village Clinics Inc., a U.S. charity that funds a clinic in rural Kenya; …supported construction of the Robert H. Lurie Engineering Center and the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Tower at U-M. Her late husband was a U-M alumnus…”
Leo Goodman, Doctor of Science
major contributions to statistical analysis, fundamentally transformed quantitative research methods in the social sciences, particularly sociology, by providing a set of interrelated statistical tools that enable researchers to examine qualitative/categorical data with scientific rigor
Press Release March 18, 2004 (regarding Spring 2004 Commencement)
David E. Davis Jr., Doctor of Humane Letters
founder and editor emeritus of Automobile Magazine, dubbed the "dean of America's automotive critics" by Time Magazine
Daniel Aaron, Doctor of Humane Letters
U-M alumnus '33, professor emeritus of American literature at Harvard University, and founder and director of the Library of America series
Julius Chambers, Doctor of Laws
U-M alumnus '59, director of the Civil Rights Center of the University of North Carolina Law School
William Nelson Joy, Doctor of Engineering
U-M alumnus '75, internet pioneer and co-founder of Sun Microsystems;
Helmut Stern, Doctor of Laws
industrialist, entrepreneur, philanthropist and humanitarian
“…president of Arcanum Corp., a company that conducts carbon research in an effort to clean the environment and allow the country to become more energy independent. He is also president of the Helmut Stern Foundation, which has made grants to a number of organizations in Michigan….”
Karen Uhlenbeck, Doctor of Science
U-M alumnus '64, the Sid W. Richardson Foundation Regents' Chair in Mathematics at the University of Texas at Austin
Press Release November 18, 2004 (regarding Winter 2004 Commencement)
Robert P. Moses, Doctor of Laws
Math teacher, civil rights leader, developed the Algebra Project
Elizabeth L. Eisenstein, Doctor of Humane Letters
Alice Freeman Palmer Professor of History at U-M, from 1975 until her retirement in 1988
Press Release March 17, 2005 (regarding Spring 2005 Commencement)
John Seely Brown, Doctor of Science
former chief scientist of Xerox Corp. and director of its Palo Alto Research Center
Henry W. Bloch, Doctor of Laws
founder of H&R Block, also a U-M alumnus
Mildred Dresselhaus, Doctor of Science
Physicist, Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
Bruce S. McEwen, Doctor of Science
Alfred E. Mirsky Professor, head of the Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology at The Rockefeller University
Margaret Ann (Ranny) Riecker, Doctor of Laws
philanthropist and longtime supporter of higher education and the education of women
“Perhaps best known for her foundation work, Margaret Ann (Ranny) Riecker has been for more than 40 years a trustee of both the Harry A. and Margaret D. Towsley Foundation (formed by her parents) and the Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow Foundation….”
Glenn E. "Bo" Schembechler, Doctor of Laws
former U-M football coach
Press Release November 21, 2005 (regarding Winter 2005 Commencement)
Freeman Dyson, Doctor of Science
professor emeritus of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J.; he has made extraordinary contributions to the field of quantum electrodynamics.
Sam Zell, Doctor of Laws
a U-M graduate and commercial real estate entrepreneur, along with
William Richardson, Doctor of Laws
former Johns Hopkins University President; now president of the W.K. Kellogg Foundation.
Elizabeth Catlett, Doctor of Fine Arts
American artist
“Catlett went on to graduate school at the University of Iowa where she conveyed the African-American experience through art. She married Mexican painter Francisco Mora, and became an advocate for social causes, depicting the conditions of Mexican life in her art. Because of her advocacy of a progressive social agenda, she was investigated by the House Committee on Un-American Activities in the 1950s. She became a Mexican citizen in 1962, while continuing to champion the Civil Rights Movement in the United States….”
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
2002
Lewis A. Barness, Doctor of Science
Pediatrician, pediatric researcher, teacher
Ruth Gruber, Doctor of Humane Letters
Journalist and human rights activist
John Harbison, Doctor of Fine Arts
World-renowned composer
Norman J. Latker, Doctor of Laws
Attorney, patent counsel, patent examiner
2003
Neuma F. de Aguiar, Doctor of Science
Sociologist, scholar of women and development issues
Carl J. Anderson, Doctor of Science
Computer engineer, scientist
Charlene Barshefsky, Doctor of Laws
Attorney, former U.S. trade representative
2004
George Archibald, Doctor of Science
Wildlife conservationist
André De Shields, Doctor of Fine Arts
Award-winning actor, mentor, UW-Madison alumnus (1970)
Florence Howe, Doctor of Humane Letters
Writer, scholar, founder of field of women's studies
Nancy Oestreich Lurie, Doctor of Humane Letters
Anthropologist, museum curator
June E. Osborn, Doctor of Science
Public health leader, educator, physician
Pleasant T. Rowland, Doctor of Humane Letters
Educator, author, philanthropist; founder of Pleasant Company, maker of American Girl Collection dolls; head of Pleasant T. Rowland Foundation, a charity for the arts and historical preservation
David S. Ruder, Doctor of Laws
Law professor, dean, public servant
2005
William C. Campbell, Doctor of Science
UW-Madison alumnus, researcher at Merck & Co. since 1957, developed Heartguard preventative heartworm medication for dogs
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
Press Release June 4, 2002
Following is information on the degree recipients, along with the official citations (in italics):
Anthony S. Fauci, Doctor of Science
Research Scientist for HIV virus.
James A. Forbes, Jr., Doctor of Divinity
…fifth senior minister of The Riverside Church in New York City, becoming the first African-American to lead the largest multicultural congregation in the nation.
…Forbes has won recognition as one of the most effective and powerful preachers in the English-speaking world.
Terry Gross, Doctor of Humanities
…produced and hosted the National Public Radio program "Fresh Air."
Bernard Lewis, Doctor of Humane Letters
…Cleveland Dodge Professor of Near Eastern Studies, emeritus, at Princeton
…For more than a half-century the undisputed leader of Near Eastern studies worldwide…
Colin Lucas, Doctor of Laws
…vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford.
…A renowned historian of democratic politics and of the French revolution
Emily Mann, Doctor of Fine Arts
…an award-winning playwright and director.
…In addition to writing plays, screenplays, translations and adaptations and directing, she has taught in Princeton University's Program in Theater and Dance.
Cal Ripken, Jr., Doctor of Humanities
…career in baseball with the Baltimore Orioles
…We honor him for his legendary perfect attendance record: 2,632 straight games, eclipsing Lou Gehrig's record by more than 500, and for the excellence of his play: 19 times an all-star, twice his league's most valuable player. But more than that we honor the qualities that he epitomizes - dependability, perseverance, stamina, devotion to duty -- and his service to his community through programs dedicated to literacy, health, athletics and the arts. In his work with young people, on and off the diamond, he seeks to help them do what he has always done: apply as fully as possible the talents they were given.
Oprah Gail Winfrey, Doctor of Fine Arts
Film producer, actress, publisher, television icon, philanthropist, her roles have a seamlessness beyond their effervescent success. Each one reflects her insatiable curiosity, commitment to universal literacy and the rewards of knowledge, and her insistence on the boundless amelioration of the human spirit. The theme of her life and work represents the University's highest aspirations of education, opportunity and service.
Press Release June 3, 2003
The following is biographical information on the recipients and the official citations.
Natalie Zemon Davis, Doctor of Humane Letters
…From 1978 to 1996: a member of the faculty of Princeton University
…Her research activity and publications have centered on the social and cultural history of sixteenth-century France and early modern Europe.
Richard J. Goldstone, Doctor of Laws
…known internationally as one of the world’s experts on constitutional law, human rights and war crimes.
…In 1994, he was appointed to his current position as a justice on South Africa’s Constitutional Court. He served as chief prosecutor of the United Nations International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia.
Claude M. Steele, Doctor of Humane Letters
…the Lucie Stern Professor in the Social Sciences at Stanford University, where he has been a professor of psychology since 1991. Steele has revolutionized the way social scientists think about prejudice and stereotypes. He has focused on the impact of group stereotypes on African Americans and women
Joan Argetsinger Steitz, Doctor of Science
Research Scientist; … She is internationally recognized for fundamental and pioneering contributions to understanding of the DNA of the genome of living organisms. Her research has implications for improved diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Lawrence H. Summers, Doctor of Laws
…former Secretary of the U.S. Treasury, assumed office as the 27th president of Harvard University on July 1, 2001.
…professor of economics at Harvard University
Press Release June 1, 2004
The following is biographical information on the recipients and the official citations.
Edward T. Cone, Doctor of Humane Letters
…a concert pianist, composer and author, joined Princeton's Department of Music as a faculty member in 1947. He taught music theory, history and composition until transferring to emeritus status in 1985. Cone is an undergraduate and graduate alumnus of Princeton.
Pablo Eisenberg, Doctor of Laws
…For 23 years, Eisenberg served as executive director of the Center for Community Change, one of the nation's most innovative and progressive advocacy organizations, working closely with low-income constituencies and organizing for social justice and civic engagement.
…A graduate of Princeton….
Charles Kuen Kao, Doctor of Science
…internationally known for his pioneering work in fiber optical research and the development of optical fiber transmission systems, which now serve as the backbone of all major communication routes in the world.
Nannerl O. Keohane, Doctor of Laws
…After a decade in office, Nannerl Keohane will step down this June as president of Duke University. She is Duke's first woman president and one of the first women to lead a major U.S. research university…
Robert P. Moses, Doctor of Laws
…Robert Moses left his teaching position at Horace Mann School in New York City in 1961 to join the civil rights movement in Mississippi.
…he returned to teaching and developed the concept and curriculum for the Algebra Project, which has helped tens of thousands of students in urban and rural school districts develop essential mathematical skills.
Press Release May 31, 2005
The following is biographical information on the recipients and the official citations.
John Bogle, Doctor of Laws
…a 1951 Princeton graduate and a pioneer of the mutual funds industry, created Vanguard Capital Management in 1974
…In 1951, as an idealistic economics major, he proposed in his senior thesis the then-revolutionary concept of an efficient and economical mutual fund run primarily for the benefit of the investor. Known as a pioneer of index fund investing, he is an unrelenting crusader against high fees and hidden costs and an outspoken advocate for intelligent investing. Honesty is an integral element of his management strategy, reflecting his precept that character counts, in investing as in other walks of life. We honor him today for over half a century of making sure that the individual investor's interest remains always in the vanguard.
Anne d'Harnoncourt, Doctor of Laws
…George D. Widener Director of the Philadelphia Museum of Art since 1982 and as both director and chief executive officer of the museum since 1997.
…Under her leadership for nearly a quarter-century, the Philadelphia Museum of Art has grown in scope, accessibility and influence, a model in illuminating the history and power of human creativity. A scholar of undisputed stature and a commanding presence among her peers, she is, in the broadest sense of the word, a curator of the arts. Fostering outreach and education, she sees museums not as places where art is confined, but as places where art engages, enlightens and inspires -- helping us to picture our past, and begin to sculpt our future.
J. Lionel Gossman, Doctor of Humanities
…A member of Princeton's faculty since 1976,… Department of French and Italian. His scholarship and teaching interests focus on the relationship between European history and literature in the period from the 17th to the 19th centuries -- especially on questions, as he has put it, of "humanistic education as it is and as it should be."
Yo-Yo Ma, Doctor of Music
…Award-winning cellist Yo-Yo Ma has earned a distinguished international reputation as an ambassador for music and its vital role in society. He is known for his exploration of music as a means of communication and as a vehicle for the migration of ideas across a range of cultures throughout the world. Ma established the Silk Road Project to promote the study of the cultural, artistic and intellectual traditions along the ancient Silk Road trade route that stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to the Pacific Ocean. The project produces programs in partnership with organizations such as the Smithsonian Institution.
Vera Rubin, Doctor of Science
…an observational astronomer looking at the spectra, or light signatures, of galaxies to determine their motions.
Wole Soyinka, Doctor of Humane Letters
…Nigerian playwright, poet, novelist and political rights activist Wole Soyinka was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 1986 -- the first African to receive this honor -- as a writer "who, in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones, fashions the drama of existence."
YALE
Press Release May 29, 2003
Robert Louis Bernstein (Doctor of Humane Letters), publisher and human rights activist, who has devoted his life to the active defense of freedom of expression and to the protection of victims of injustice and abuse throughout the worldSydney Brenner (Doctor of Science) is Distinguished Research Professor at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California, and a pioneer in the field of genetics. His research, including the co-discovery of messenger RNA, has contributed to advancements in the knowledge of the structure and functions of genes. In recognition of this work, he was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2002. Brenner was born and educated in South Africa, earning a bachelor's degree in medicine and a master's degree in medical biology from the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg. Following graduation, he embarked on a path of independent research in areas related to molecular biology. He soon decided to pursue additional study and moved to Oxford University, where he earned his D.Phil. in 1954. After a brief tenure at his alma mater in Johannesburg, he was appointed to the staff of the Medical Research Council's Laboratory of Molecular Biology at Cambridge. Brenner served as Director of the Unit of Molecular Genetics at Cambridge from 1986 to 1992. After retiring as head of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Brenner founded the Molecular Sciences Institute in Berkeley, California, where he served as Director until 2001. He continues his research through his affiliation with the Salk Institute.
William H. Cosby Jr. (Doctor of Humane Letters), the internationally known actor and entertainer famous for his starring role in "The Cosby Show," is also one of the country's strong advocates for education, children, and the support of African-American art and artists. Widely respected as a child advocate and humanitarian, he has used his talents and public renown to call attention to the needs of children. He is active in civil rights causes and is a strong advocate of the power of education, contributing generously to colleges and universities, especially those whose student bodies are predominantly African-American. His philanthropic ventures include the formation of a major national center to support the work of African-American women and gifts to support the creation and preservation of African-American art.
John Hart Ely (Doctor of Laws) is a professor and legal scholar. His seminal contributions to the field of constitutional law are counted among the most influential legal writings of the second half of the twentieth century. Ely graduated from Princeton University in 1960 with a bachelor's degree. He went on to law school at Yale, where he completed his degree in 1963.
Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. (Doctor of Medical Sciences) is a physician who has been a leader in the fight against acquired immune deficiency syndrome, commonly known as AIDS. He currently serves as Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and Chief of the Laboratory of Immunoregulation at the National Institutes of Health.
Norman Foster (Doctor of Fine Arts) is an architect of international renown whose buildings marry technology and strong design elements, while respecting environmental concerns. Following his Yale education, Foster founded the Team 4 architectural practice in 1963, and then, in 1967, opened Foster Associates in London, now known as Foster and PartnersHe is a Royal Designer for Industry, a Fellow of the Chartered Society of Designers, and an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.
Ruth Bader Ginsburg (Doctor of Laws), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, has been instrumental in promoting the law's recognition of women's full citizenship stature. …she was honored by the American Bar Association in 1999 with the Thurgood Marshall Award for her efforts to advance gender equality and human rights.
David Hartman (Doctor of Divinity) is one of the leading Jewish theologians of our time. A rabbi, philosopher, and internationally known author, he is the founder and Director of the Shalom Hartman Institute in Jerusalem.
Nell Irvin Painter (Doctor of Letters), Edwards Professor of American History at Princeton University, has worked throughout her career to include the experiences of African Americans, women, and the working class as vital parts of U.S. history. …She came to Princeton in 1988, where she has also served as Director of the Program in African-American Studies.
Krzysztof Penderecki (Doctor of Music) is a composer and conductor whose work has stretched the boundaries of music, bringing new expression to contemporary and ancient themes. His compositions have been inspired by the horror of the Holocaust as well as by classical sacred texts and liturgies.
Amartya Kumar Sen (Doctor of Social Science), an economist and philosopher, received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1998 for his contributions to welfare economics and social choice theory, and related to that, the causation and remedy of poverty and famine. …He has served as President of the American Economic Association, the Indian Economic Association, the International Economic Association, and the Econometric Society.
May 2004
Jan Assmann
DOCTOR OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
Jan Assmann, a leading scholar of Egyptology and archaeology, is a professor of Egyptology at the University of Heidelberg. His work has been widely recognized for its interdisciplinary approach, drawing on history, psychology, theology, linguistics, and cultural theory to construct new interpretations.
David Baltimore
DOCTOR OF SCIENCE
David Baltimore, recipient of the Nobel Prize in 1975, is one of the most influential biologists of his generation, accomplished in science, research, teaching, and administration. He currently serves as president of the California Institute of Technology, one of the country's leading research universities…. An early advocate of federal AIDS research, Baltimore co-chaired the 1986 National Academy of Sciences' Committee on a National Strategy for AIDS and was appointed in 1996 to head the National Institutes of Health AIDS Vaccine Research Committee.
Bernard Fisher
DOCTOR OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Bernard Fisher is a scientist whose work has transformed the treatment of breast cancer. He is a founding member, past chairman, and scientific director of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP), a federally funded program that has conducted numerous breast cancer research studies that have yielded seminal findings in the treatment of the disease.
Lee Friedlander
DOCTOR OF FINE ARTS
Lee Friedlander is one of the leading photographers of our time. A prolific and influential artist, he began his career in the 1950s and continues to chronicle life as an astute and creative observer. Friedlander has been honored with three Guggenhiem Fellowships, in 1960, 1961, and 1977; two National Endowment for the Arts Fellowships, in 1972 and 1977; the medal of the city of Paris, in 1981; and a John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Award. He has also published more than twenty books.
Nannerl O. Keohane
DOCTOR OF HUMANE LETTERS
Nannerl O. Keohane will be stepping down next month after eleven years of service as the eighth president of Duke University. Prior to coming to Duke, she was president of Wellesley College. Keohane is a professor and scholar of political science and plans to return to teaching and research.
Wangari Maathai
DOCTOR OF HUMANE LETTERS
Wangari Muta Maathai is internationally recognized for her persistent work for democracy, human rights, and environmental issues. As the founder of the Green Belt Movement in Kenya in 1977, she has helped transform the physical environment, and as a member of the Kenyan Parliament and Deputy Minister for Environment, Natural Resources, and Wildlife, she is shaping the political environment as well.
Willie Mays
DOCTOR OF HUMANE LETTERS
Willie Mays is considered one of the greatest baseball players ever. During 22 seasons of major league play, he set a new standard for all-around excellence and versatility, demonstrating ability in hitting, power hitting, running, throwing, and fielding. … Mays serves on the State Board of Directors of the California African American Museum and continues to be involved with the Giants as special assistant to the president.
Tom Wolfe
DOCTOR OF LETTERS
Tom Wolfe is an award-winning writer of both nonfiction and novels, and is an accomplished journalist. He is widely acclaimed for his role in creating what has come to be known as the "New Journalism."
Press Release May 23, 2005
Jacqueline K. Barton
DOCTOR OF SCIENCE
Jacqueline K. Barton is the Arthur and Marian Hanisch Memorial Professor of Chemistry at the California Institute of Technology. A role model for women in the sciences, she is particularly interested in biophysical and inorganic chemistry. Her research has yielded new techniques for use in studies of dna by focusing on the dynamics of dna structure and the effects of chemical damage.
Robert P. DeVecchi '52 B.A.
DOCTOR OF HUMANE LETTERS
Robert P. DeVecchi is president emeritus of the International Rescue Committee. His career over more than thirty-five years has been devoted to the humanitarian needs of refugees and displaced persons around the world…..he completed his undergraduate education at Yale in 1952, then served for two years on active duty with the United States Air Force and in 1956 received an M.B.A. from Harvard University.
William H. Foege
DOCTOR OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
William H. Foege is an epidemiologist who has been a leading force in improving public health around the world. He was instrumental in the worldwide campaign to eradicate smallpox, and he continues to be an advocate for global health as Emeritus Presidential Distinguished Professor of International Health at Emory University and as a Gates Fellow.
David Hockney
DOCTOR OF FINE ARTS
David Hockney is a master painter and draftsman widely recognized as well for his work as a printmaker, photographer, and stage designer. He has focused on the importance of the human figure, either present or implied, with the result that his art has often been characterized as "narrative." He is also the author of several books, most recently Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the Lost Techniques of the Old Masters…..Mr. Hockney was awarded the gold medal for drawing from the Royal Academy of Art, the Kodak photography book award (1984), first prize from the International Center ofPhotography in New York (1985), and prizes in numerous international exhibitions. A major retrospective of his work, organized by the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in 1988, traveled to the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Tate Gallery, London.
Mamphela Ramphele
DOCTOR OF HUMANE LETTERS
Mamphela A. Ramphele is a leading South African activist. She has a distinguished career in education, medicine, and community development and is widely recognized for her pioneering efforts on behalf of black South Africans during and after apartheid. She now chairs Circle Capital Ventures, a Cape Town-based company focused on growing companies and investing in people.
Paul A. Samuelson
DOCTOR OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Paul A. Samuelson is a Nobel laureate economist and Institute Professor Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
...Awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1970
…economic adviser to the presidential administrations of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson,
Bryan A. Stevenson
DOCTOR OF LAWS
Bryan A. Stevenson is founder and executive director of the Equal Justice Initiative of Alabama and a professor at the New York University School of Law. His career has been devoted to providing legal representation to those on the margins of society: indigent defendants, death-row prisoners, and juveniles who have been denied fair and just treatment in the legal system.
Andrew J. Wiles
DOCTOR OF SCIENCE
Andrew J. Wiles, Eugene Higgins Professor of Mathematics at Princeton University, has become widely known following his solution of one of the great challenges in math: proving Fermat's last theorem.
HARVARD
Press Release June 5, 2003
Gary S. Becker
Doctor of Laws
Gary S. Becker won the Nobel Prize for Economic Science in 1992 for his work on economics associated with important social problems. He is a University Professor in the Departments of both Economics and Sociology at the University of Chicago. He has been a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution since 1990.
Elliot Forbes
Doctor of Music
Elliot Forbes is the Fanny Peabody Professor of Music Emeritus at Harvard University, former chairman of the Department of Music, and former conductor of the Harvard Glee Club.
Norman C. Francis
Doctor of Laws
Norman C. Francis was the first African-American president of Xavier University in New Orleans, the only black and Catholic university in the Western Hemisphere…. Francis served as an adviser to five U.S. presidents…. Throughout his career, Francis has provided leadership for civil rights, educational, civic, and religious organizations. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and holds honorary degrees from 22 (now 23) institutions of higher education.
Ellsworth Kelly
Doctor of Arts
Ellsworth Kelly made his mark on modern art by becoming the anti-Picasso…. While Picasso and others of his generation sought to impose their vision on the world through personal style and imagery, Kelly sought to efface himself, appropriating abstract designs from the natural world or discovering them through accident or chance. …He has had major exhibitions at the Museum of Modern Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Whitney Museum of American Art, and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.
Mary-Claire King
Doctor of Science
Mary-Claire King's discovery in 1990 that inherited breast cancer was caused by a mutation on a single gene revolutionized the study of cancer and opened up new lines of research. King's breakthrough came about as the result of 15 years of studying the genetics of more than 1,000 women of Eastern European Jewish background, a group with a higher than normal incidence of the disease.
Donald E. Knuth
Doctor of Science
Donald E. Knuth is a computer-programming superstar. His three-volume magnum opus "The Art of Computer Programming" (he is now working on volume four) has sold more than a million copies and has been translated into Chinese, Japanese, Russian, and Hungarian.
Linda Nochlin
Doctor of Letters
Art historian Linda Nochlin is the Lila Acheson Wallace Professor of Modern Art at New York University's (NYU) Institute of Fine Arts. She specializes in the art of the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly in the work of Gustave Courbet and the Impressionists, and the representation of women and the work of women artists. Her book "Woman as Sex Object: Studies in Erotic Art, 1730-1970," published in 1972, introduced a feminist perspective to the field of art history and criticism.
Philip Roth
Doctor of Letters
The prolific, sometimes controversial author Philip Roth is best known for fiction that depicts the middle-class American Jewish experience with humor and sarcasm as well as sympathy and depth.
Robert G. Stone Jr.
Doctor of Humane Letters
Robert Stone, an energy and shipping executive and private venture capital investor, was a member of the Harvard Corporation for 27 years, serving as Senior Fellow of the University's executive governing board from 1995 until June 2002. Stone served as national chair of the $2.6 billion University Campaign in the 1990s and as co-chair of its predecessor, the $358 million Harvard Campaign. He chaired the search committee that selected President Lawrence H. Summers.
P. Roy Vagelos
Doctor of Laws
P. Roy Vagelos served as chief executive officer of Merck & Co. Inc. for nine years and as chairman of the health products giant's board of directors for eight, ending with his retirement in 1994.
Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de Leon
Doctor of Laws
Ernesto Zedillo served as president of Mexico for six years and then oversaw the transfer of power after 71 years of rule by Mexico's Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).
Press Release June 10, 2004
Kofi Annan
Doctor of Laws
…the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations and the first to be elected from the ranks of UN staff…. On Dec. 10, 2001, the secretary-general and the United Nations received the Nobel Peace Prize.
Margaret E. Atwood
Doctor of Letters
…an acclaimed and award-winning writer of poetry, criticism, short fiction, and novels.
J. Michael Bishop
Doctor of Science
J. Michel Bishop, University Professor and Chancellor at the University of California, San Francisco, shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He won it with Harold Varmus for their work on cancer genetics.
The Hon. Robert L. Carter
Doctor of Laws
Fifty years ago, U.S. District Judge Robert L. Carter was part of the team of NAACP lawyers who argued the landmark school desegregation case, Brown v. Board of Education, before the U.S. Supreme Court.
Suzanne Farrell
Doctor of Arts
Born in 1945, in a suburb of Cincinnati and raised by a devoted single mother who moved the family to New York City so that her three daughters would have a chance to excel in the arts, Suzanne Farrell became a star of the New York City Ballet while still a teenager.
Daniel Kahneman
Doctor of Laws
Daniel Kahneman is Princeton University's Eugene Higgins Professor of Psychology and Professor of Public Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
Sir Frank Kermode
Doctor of Letters
Frank Kermode is generally regarded as one of the most important and influential British literary critics of the second half of the 20th century.
Shirley M. Tilghman
Doctor of Laws
Pioneering genetics researcher Shirley M. Tilghman was named Princeton University's 19th president in 2001.
Edward O. Wilson
Doctor of Science
Edward Osborne Wilson is the Pellegrino University Professor Emeritus and honorary curator in entomology at Harvard University, where he has studied and worked for the past 53 years.
Press Release June 9, 2005
Mary Ellen Avery
Doctor of Science
… received the National Medal of Science in 1991 for her discovery of the cause of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants and in devising a strategy to prevent and treat the ailment.
… She has written numerous books and has authored more than 100 scientific publications, most dealing with respiratory disorders of newborn infants.
David Baltimore
Doctor of Science
One of the world's most distinguished and influential biologists, David Baltimore has been the president of California Institute of Technology since 1997. He shared the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1975 for pioneering research on viruses, which has contributed to the understanding of AIDS, cancer, and the basis of human immune responses to disease.
Caroline Walker Bynum
Doctor of Laws
…a scholar of medieval history and religious thought whose work explores the concept of divine incarnation in its many permutations and implications.
D. Ronald Daniel
Doctor of Laws
… stepped down as Harvard's treasurer in June 2004 after 15 years in the post.
… Daniel is a director of McKinsey & Company Inc., having spent 12 years as managing partner, ending in 1988. He has been a management consultant for 47 years, with a particular emphasis on corporate strategy, development, and top management organization.
John Lithgow
Doctor of Arts
To call John Lithgow a star of stage, screen, and television is to sell him short, since he is also the author of five books for children and one for adults and recently made his debut as a dancer with the New York City Ballet. A committed advocate for the humanities, Lithgow has worked on numerous projects for public TV and radio. In 2000, he participated in the White House Conference on Culture and Diplomacy. He has also been involved in raising funds for various outreach and educational programs over the years, and has shown a particular interest in children and literacy; his poem "I Need a Good Book" was a feature of National Children's Book Week in 2004.
Quentin Skinner
Doctor of Laws
Quentin Skinner, recipient of an honorary doctor of laws degree, is Regius Professor of Modern History and pro-vice-chancellor of the University of Cambridge. He is an influential voice in the intellectual history of political thought and is well known for his work "The Foundations of Modern Political Thought."
Charles M. Vest
Doctor of Laws
Charles M. Vest is president emeritus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and a member of the institute's mechanical engineering faculty. He served as 15th president of MIT from 1990 to 2004. During that time, his priorities included building a stronger international dimension into education and research, developing better relations with industry, enhancing racial and cultural diversity within MIT, and rebuilding public understanding and support of higher education and research.
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Energy in Kazakhstan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Kazakhstan
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Energy in Kazakhstan describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Kazakhstan and the politics of Kazakhstan related to energy.
Kazakhstan is net energy exporter. Kazakhstan has oil, gas, coal and uranium reserves. Kazakhstan is a leading energy producer in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). It is a major producer of oil, gas, and coal, as well as being the largest producer and exporter of uranium ore in the world. [1] Kazakhstan's oil and gas industry has been intensively developing after 1999.[2] China is one of the biggest investors in Kazakhstan's oil and gas industry.[3][4][5] Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy commits to 50% of energy consumption come from renewable or alternative sources.[6]
Energy in Kazakhstan[7] Population
(million) Primary energy
(TWh) Production
(TWh) Export
(TWh) Electricity
(TWh) CO2-emission
(Mt) 2004 15.0 638 1,379 742 54.4 162.2 2007 15.5 773 1,582 811 68.9 190.5 2008 15.7 825 1,723 899 73.5 201.6 2009 15.9 766 1,696 931 71.6 189.5 2012 16.6 908 1,863 972 81.0 234.2 2012R 16.79 871 1,915 1,023 85.4 225.8 2013 17.04 948 1,966 994 83.4 244.9 Change 2004-09 6.0% 20.1% 22.9% 25.6% 31.7% 16.9% Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses.
2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated
According to IEA primary energy supply increased 29% and energy export 21% from 2004 to 2008 in Kazakhstan.
Energy by sources
[edit]
In 2018 about half of energy was from coal and about a quarter each from oil and natural gas.[8] Kazakhstan started looking for ways to use its renewable energy sources.[9] In 2015, an action plan was adopted on the development of renewable energy for the period of 2013 to 2020.[9] Also in 2015, Kazakhstan Investment and Development Minister announced that the country would establish a special fund engaged in financing energy-saving programs.[9] In 2016, Kazakhstan significantly increased the installed capacity of renewable energy facilities, which totaled 251.55 megawatts. It is 1.4 times more than in the same period of 2015.[10]
Oil
[edit]
Kazakhstan has estimated 30 billion barrels of oil reserves. With 172 oilfields, Kazakhstan possesses 3% of global oil reserves, putting it among the world's top 15 countries in terms of oil reserves.[11] The main reserves are in five largest onshore oil fields of Tengiz – the largest oil producing field with 565,000 barrels per day of crude in 2011 - Karachaganak, Aktobe, Mangistau, and Uzen, all of which are located in the western part of the country. These hold half of current proven reserves. The offshore fields of Kashagan and Kurmanagazy in the Caspian Sea are estimated to hold minimum 14 million barrels. With 9 – 11 billion barrels, Kashagan is the largest oil field outside of the Middle East. It is estimated to come on stream in 2016 and reach production of 1.5 million barrels per day at its peak. Kazakhstan is a major oil producer with an estimated total production of 1.64 million barrels per day in 2013. The country consumes around 13 percent of the supply domestically and exports the rest to major oil markets. To continue expanding the liquids production above its current levels, the country needs to develop its Tengiz, Karachaganak, and Kashagan fields as well as add export capacity.[12]
KazMunayGas (KMG), the national oil and gas company, was created in 2002 to represent the interests of the state in the oil and gas industry. The oil production development has been made possible largely due to significant foreign investment, primarily from the Netherlands and the US in the early 2000s. In 2010, the Kazakh government took away KMG's responsibility to regulate the sector to enable the company's higher level of involvement in the commercial sector. The government now reserves a majority stake for KMG in all new projects and joint ventures. KMG now controls 20 percent of total oil and gas proved reserves of Kazakhstan and produces 27 percent of total oil and gas condensate and 14 percent of gas.[13]
Kazakhstan has three major refineries - Atyrau,[14] Shymkent and Pavlodar. Their combined crude refining capacity amounts to around 350,000 barrels per day, roughly evenly split amongst the three. Due to aged infrastructure, they mostly operate only at 60 percent of their capacity. The government has made significant investment in the modernization of these units to be completed around 2016.[12]
In mid-2016, a group of oil companies led by Chevron announced a $36.8 billion investment deal for the development of Kazakhstan's Tengiz oil field. According to experts, this investment may allow Kazakhstan to become a top 10 oil producer.[15]
Kazakhstan decreased its oil production by 4.3% as part of the agreements reached with the OPEC +.[16] OPEC+, which also includes non-OPEC allies, including Kazakhstan and Russia, agreed in April to a record global oil cut of 9.7 million barrels per day from May 1.[17] In November 2020, the Kazakh Government confirmed that the country fulfilled the OPEC+ obligations by 99%.[17]
Kazakhstan is estimated to have around 30 billion barrels (4.8×109 m3) of crude oil reserves.[18] In 2018, this would make Kazakhstan twelfth in the amount of total proven oil reserves globally.[19] When discovered in the 1990s, the Kashagan oil field was the second largest oil field in the world.[20] In 2000s, the oil production has increased rapidly due to foreign investment and improvements in production efficiencies. In 2006, Kazakhstan produced 54 million tons of crude oil and 10.5 million tons of gas condensate 565,000,000 bbl (89,800,000 m3), which makes Kazakhstan eighteenth-largest oil producer in the world.[18] At these production levels Kazakhstan is thought to have approximately 50 years of remaining production. According to the president Nursultan Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan is planning to increase its oil production up to 3.5 million barrels (560,000 m3) of oil a day, of which 3 million will go to export. This will lift Kazakhstan into the ranks of the world's top 10 oil-producing nations.[21] The government views the oil and gas sector as strategically important for the economy and the share of state involvement in the management over petroleum resources remains high.[22]
The main production sites are the Tengiz field 290,000 bbl/d (46,000 m3/d), located on the northeast shores of the Caspian, and the Karachaganak field 210,000 bbl/d (33,000 m3/d), located inland near to Russian border. In future Kazakh oil production will also rely on the Kashagan field, the largest oil field outside the Middle East, which possess anywhere from 7 Gbbl (1.1×10^9 m3) to 13 Gbbl (2.1×10^9 m3) in recoverable reserves, and the Kurmangazy field in Northern Kazakhstan.[23] There are some smaller oil fields near the Chinese border, which are not developed/operational yet.[18][24] 76% of Kazakhstan's oil and gas production and remaining reserves are concentrated in these three oil fields, as well as the Uzen Field. 14% of reserves and production are located in 6 further fields.
The leading oil industry is state-owned oil company KazMunayGas. The landmark foreign investment in Kazakh oil industry is the TengizChevroil joint venture, owned 50% by ChevronTexaco, 25% by ExxonMobil, 20% by the Government of Kazakhstan, and 5% by Lukarco of Russia. The Karachaganak natural gas and gas condensate field is being developed by BG, Agip, ChevronTexaco, and Lukoil. Also Chinese, Indian and Korean oil companies are involved in the Kazakhstan's oil industry.
Kazakhstan has three oil refineries: in Pavlodar, in Atyrau,[14] and in Shymkent. Pavlodar and Shymkent refineries process West Siberian crude oil, which is imported through the Omsk (Russia) - Pavlodar (Kazakhstan) - Shymkent - Türkmenabat (Turkmenistan) pipeline.[25]
Natural Gas
[edit]
Kazakhstan's proven reserves of natural gas are 85 trillion cubic feet. (2013). Majority of natural gas reserves are located in the west of Kazakhstan and concentrated in four fields – Karachanganak (46 percent), Tengiz (12 percent), Imashevskoye (7 percent) and Kashagan (12 percent).[26] Between 2000 and 2012 the natural gas production increased four times to 40.1 billion cubic meters in 2012. However, only 53 percent of this gas was for commercial purposes; the rest was re-injected into oil fields to enhance production.[27]
Kazakhstan's gas production suffices to meet domestic demand of 10.5 billion cubic meters (2012). However, due to limited internal gas pipeline network that does not connect all the production centers (west) with demand centers (south, east, north), the country needs to import gas from Uzbekistan to satisfy the demand in the south of the country and from Russia to satisfy demand in the north and east. In 2012, the country exported 8.8 billion cubic meters of gas to China through the Central Asia – China pipeline. Kazakhstan serves as a major transit country for gas exports from Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan that are destined to Russia and China. In 2012, the amount of gas transited through Kazakhstan was 96.5 billion cubic meters.[12]
Kazakhstan's domestic hydrocarbon reserves amount to 3.3–3.7 trillion cubic metres of gas, of which 2.5 tcm are proven.[28] However, Kazakhstan became a net gas exporter only in 2003.[29] In 2007, Kazakhstan produced 29 bcm of natural gas and plans to increase its gas output to 60-80 bcm a year by 2015.[28] The major natural gas fields are Karachaganak, Tengiz, Kashagan, Amangeldy, Zhanazhol, Urikhtau and Chinarevskoye.[30] Kazakhstan's major gas company is KazMunaiGaS JSC that has a reported annual income of about $3 billion in 2013.[31]
Coal
[edit]
Kazakhstan sits on Central Asia's largest recoverable coal reserves. At 33.6 billion tonnes the reserves represent 3.8 percent of global total reserves. (2013). In 2013, the country produced 58.4 million tonnes.[32] Coal production stands at 70 percent of what it was during the Soviet Union. The largest coal producer is Bogatyr Coal that operates the largest 4.5 billion tons open-pit coal mine in the world in Ekibastuz in the northeastern region of Kazakhstan. In 2012 Bogatyr Coal produced 46 million tons of coal.[33]
Majority of coal, 75 percent, is used for domestic consumption, power generation in particular. The largest importers of Kazakhstan's oil include the neighboring southern Russia and Ukraine.[34]
A major concern of the coal mines of Kazakhstan is safety and prevention and control of mine explosions.[35]
In 2009 Kazakhstan was 8. top coal producer: 96 million tonnes hard coal and 5 million tonnes brown coal. 22 Mt of hard coal was exported (2009). In 2009 Kazakhstan was world 8. top coal exporter. The top hard coal net exporters in 2009 were (Mt): Australia 262, Indonesia 230, Russia 93, Colombia 69, South Africa 67, United States 33, Vietnam 25, Kazakhstan 22, Canada 20 and Czech Republic 4.[36] The coal of Kazakhstan has low energy value 0.444 toe/tonne compared to e.g. in this respect top coal of Australia 0.689 toe/tonne.[37]
Assuming both hard coal 96 Mt and brown coal 6 Mt having about the same energy value,: the coal production would have been about 101 Mt*0.444 toe/Mt*11.630 TWh/toe = 521 TWh in 2009 and export .22*0.444 toe/Mt*11.630 TWh/toe = 114 TWh.
Although Kazakhstan is a substantial producer of oil and gas, coal has dominated both energy production and consumption.[38] It contains Central Asia's largest recoverable coal reserves, with 34.5 billion short tons of mostly anthracitic and bituminous coal.[39] Major coal fields are Bogatyr and Severny. In 2005, Kazakhstan was the 9th biggest producer of coal in the world, and the 10th global exporter.[40] Russia is the largest importer of Kazakh coal, followed by Ukraine. The biggest coal production company is Bogatyr Access Komir, which accounts for approximately 35% of Kazakh coal output.
Electricity
[edit]
An executive order directs that renewables sources supply 15% of Kazakhstan's total energy grid by 2030. If achieved, the domestic energy and labor sectors would be reshaped.[41]
In 2013, the country produced 93.76 billion kWH - 70 billion kWh (81%) from coal, 8 from gas and 8 from hydro. The country has 71 power stations, including 5 hydro power plants located on the Irtysh river, which translates to total installed generating capacity of 19.6 GW. 75 percent of electricity generated is consumed by industry, 11 percent by households, 2 percent by transportation.[42]
Kazakhstan largest solar power station "Burboye Solar-1" LLP was commissioned in July 2015. Since then during a year of operation the solar power station produced over 38.4 million kWh. Besides "Burboye Solar-1", the Zhambyl region implements nine projects of alternative energy sources.[43]
In 2021 it was the 3rd largest Bitcoin miner.[44]
Policy
[edit]
Kazakhstan owns large reserves of energy resources. Although Kazakhstan has not described itself as an energy superpower, Kazakhstan's former president Nursultan Nazarbayev claimed Kazakhstan will become a factor of energy security in Asia and Europe.[21] Kazakhstan has a strategic geographical location to control oil and gas flows from Central Asia to East (China) and West (Russia, EU, global market).[45]
Kazakhstan was a partner country of the EU INOGATE energy programme, which had four key topics: enhancing energy security, convergence of member state energy markets on the basis of EU internal energy market principles, supporting sustainable energy development, and attracting investment for energy projects of common and regional interest.[46]
In 2013 Kazakhstan became the first country in Central Asia to launch an economy-wide carbon emissions system to cap emissions from its biggest emitters in the energy, coal, oil and gas extraction sectors.[47]
Overview
[edit]
The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources was the responsible governmental agency for energy policies until March 2010 when it was dissolved and replaced by the Ministry of Oil and Gas and the Ministry for Industry and New Technologies.[48]
In June 2003, the government of Kazakhstan announced a new Caspian Sea development program, according to which new offshore blocks of oil and gas to be auctioned. In 2005, the government introduced new restrictions granting to the state-owned oil and gas company KazMunayGas status of contractor and at least half of any production sharing agreement (PSA). New tax structure, enforced in January 2004, included a so-called "rent tax" on exports, a progressive tax that increases as oil prices grow. The amendment raised the government's share of oil income to a range of 65-85%.The new structure includes an excess profit tax, and limits foreign participation to 50 percent in each offshore project with no guarantees of operatorship.[23]
In 2005, Kazakhstan amended the subsoil law to preempt the sale of oil assets in the country and to extend the government’s power to buy back energy assets by limiting the transfer of property rights to strategic assets in Kazakhstan.[23]
In 2013, Kazakhstan adopted the Energy Efficiency 2020 Program that would reduce emission 10% every year until 2015. Adopted by Prime Minister Serik Akhmetov, this new law would help reduce emissions and help with energy efficient solutions from large companies to small families. 2,000 industrial enterprises would be energy audits to meet with the new law. The program in the long run reduces the amount of energy per square meter by 30% and reduce costs by 14%.[49]
The idea of building a nuclear power plant gained great prominence among the Government members during the early 2020s. In June 2024, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev announced, that a referendum regarding the issue is to be held in autumn. The nuclear power plant is planned to be built in Ülken, Jambyl District, Almaty Region.[50]
Primary energy sources
[edit]
Kazakhstan oil, gas, coal and uranium reserves are among the ten biggest in the world.
Uranium
[edit]
Kazakhstan is the number one [51] country in the world for uranium production volumes, and it owns the world second biggest uranium reserves after Australia (around 1.5 million tons or nearly 19% of the explored reserves of uranium in the world).[52][53] In 2012 Kazakhstan produced 20,900 metric tons of uranium, of which 11,900 metric tons were produced by Kazatomprom, a state-owned holding company (2011: 19,450 total / 11,079 Kazatomprom).[54] Kazatomprom also represents Kazakhstan in the joint ventures with Russian Tekhsnabexport, French AREVA and Canadian Cameco.
All of produced uranium is going for export as the country's only nuclear power plant in Aktau was shut down in June 1999. There is a plan to build a new 1,500 MW nuclear plant in the southeast of Kazakhstan, near Lake Balkash.[55]
According to the mayor, Kyzylorda is planning to produce two-thirds of Kazakhstan's uranium by 2015.[56]
In 2014, Kazakhstan and the IAEA would sign an agreement to establish a low-enriched uranium fuel bank. The bank would be a place for countries to contribute uranium and disperse it to other nations safely for energy means with the IAEA being the governing body.[57]
In August 2013, IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano visited Kazakhstan to further discussions on the fuel bank and praised Kazakhstan's contribution to nuclear non-proliferation.[58]
In 2012, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said during a meeting with Kazakhstan's Foreign Minister Erlan Idrissov in Washington, "We view Kazakhstan not only as a regional player, but also as a global leader. Few countries can be compared to Kazakhstan in terms of its experience in non-proliferation."[59]
Kazakhstan announced in January 2017 that the country was planning to cut its production of uranium by 10% due to a global oversupply of the commodity. According to Kazatomprom, state-owned uranium company and global production leader, even with the announced output cuts, Kazakhstan will continue to be the world’s No.1 uranium producer.[60]
Electricity
[edit]
The Law on Electricity was adopted in July 2004. Another basic act regulating electricity market is the Law on Natural Monopolies, which was last amended in December 2004. The market regulator is the Agency for Regulation of Natural Monopolies (ANMR).
Kazakhstan's electricity system includes 71 power plants with total installed capacity of 18,572 MW.[61] the largest power plant is a coal-fired AES Ekibastuz GRES-2 in north-central Kazakhstan.
86.5% of electric power generation has been privatized. The government does not regulate prices for electricity, and consumers have free choice among providers of electric power (currently there is 15 licensed electricity traders).[62] Transmission system is owned and operated by the state-owned company KEGOC. As of 1 January 2006, the total length of transmission lines was 23,383 km.[61] There are 18 regional distribution (sale) companies. Government regulates transmission and distribution tariffs.
Renewable energy
[edit]
Kazakhstan possesses 5 operational hydroelectric plants which provide roughly 12% of the electricity generation. The majority of the facilities are located on the Irtysh River. Other renewables are largely undeveloped although Kazakhstan has potential in renewable energy resources. Renewable energy sources could be particularly attractive in isolated rural areas.
Wind
[edit]
A planned 100 MW wind farm, one of the largest in Central Asia, is expected to be constructed in 2020 in Zhanatas with funding support from the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.[63][64]
Nuclear energy
[edit]
Main article: Nuclear power in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan currently has no nuclear power generation capacity, as the Aktau nuclear reactor, the country's only nuclear power plant, was shut down in June 1999. However, there is currently a plan to build a new 1,500 MW nuclear plant in the southeast of Kazakhstan, near Lake Balkash.[55]
Energy transportation
[edit]
Kazakhstan's oil pipeline system is operated by KazTransOil which was formed in 1997 when the two previous oil pipeline companies were combined. It is owed 100% by KazMunaiGaz which is also the owner of KazTransGaz which along with KazRosGaz are the two principle gas transportation companies. KazRosGaz is a joint venture between KazMunaiGaz and Gazprom which is involved in the export and trade of gas with Russia.
Oil pipelines
[edit]
Main oil export routes are the Caspian Pipeline Consortium and the Atyrau-Samara oil pipeline to Russia, and Kazakhstan-China oil pipeline to China. Kazakhstan is also a transit country for the Omsk (Russia) -Pavlodar (Kazakhstan) -Shymkent - Türkmenabat (Turkmenistan) pipeline. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline and Neka in Iran could be supplied by oil tankers. In addition, for the export to neighboring countries the rail transport is used.[18]
The Kazakhstan oil infrastructure is considered to be in poor condition which has constrained possible exports. Currently exports excluding the Caspian Pipeline Consortium is limited to 500,000 bbl/d (79,000 m3/d). Kazakhstan is also further hampered as the oil pipeline infrastructure is not set up to transport oil from the producing assets in the west to the main refineries located in the east of the country. The CPC provides an important outlet for Kazakhstan oil and it is expected that it will be up graded so as to export close to 15,000,000 bbl/d (2,400,000 m3/d).
Natural gas pipelines
[edit]
The natural gas trunk pipeline system stretches 10,138 kilometers.[28] The major transit pipelines are the Central Asia-Center gas pipeline system and the Bukhara-Urals pipeline, which transport natural gas from Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan to Russia, and Orenburg-Novopskov pipeline and Soyuz pipeline from Orenburg processing plant to Europe. The Gazli-Bishkek pipeline transports natural gas from Uzbekistan to Kyrgyzstan. The Central Asia-Center and the Bukhara-Urals pipelines as also the Bukhara-Tashkent-Bishkek-Almaty pipeline are also main import pipelines. The main gas export goes to Orenburg processing plant in Russia. The export to Russia goes also through the Central Asia-Center and the Bukhara-Urals pipelines.[30] There is plan to build a natural gas pipeline to China.[29] To supply this pipeline, the Ishim (Rudny)-Petropavlovsk-Kokshetau-Astana pipeline is planned.[30]
International cooperation
[edit]
In general, various international organizations have played an important role in advising and assisting Kazakhstan's government in its energy sector reform and natural resource management.[11]
Kazakhstan - the European Union
[edit]
Kazakhstan signed the European Energy Charter on December 17, 1991, the nation's first day of independence from the former Soviet Union.[65] On 4 December 2006, Kazakhstan and the European Union signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), which sets the framework for deeper energy cooperation. The memorandum establishes road maps on energy security and industrial cooperation. It was accompanied by a co-operation agreement to develop nuclear trade.[66][67]
Kazakhstan - Russia
[edit]
Kazakhstan and Russia have close cooperation on energy issues. On 3 October 2006 during the presidents' meeting in Oral, Kazakhstan and Russia agreed to set up a gas-condensate-processing joint venture between Gazprom and KazMunayGas in Orenburg, which will be supplied from the Karachaganak field.[68] The gas supply agreement was signed on 10 May 2007 in Astana.[citation needed]
On 7 December 2006, the Kazakhstan's Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Baktykozha Izmukhambetov and the chief of the Russian Federal Atomic Energy Agency Sergei Kiriyenko signed an agreement, in which Russia pledged to assist Kazakhstan in its nuclear program in return for shipments of uranium from Kazakhstan to Russia, where the uranium will be enriched. In addition, President of Kazatomprom Moukhtar Dzhakishev, and director of Russian uranium trader Tekhsnabexport Vladimir Smirnov signed a deal in which Tekhsnabexport will provide information regarding construction, transportation and logistics to help Kazakhstan develop its nuclear program. Russia already agreed earlier in 2006 to help Kazakhstan build two nuclear power plants.[69] On 10 May 2007, Russia and Kazakhstan agreed to set up an international uranium enrichment center in Angarsk, East Siberia. The center is planned to come on stream in 2013.[citation needed]
On 12 May 2007, Vladimir Putin of Russia, Nursultan Nazarbayev of Kazakhstan and Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow of Turkmenistan signed an agreement providing for Central Asian gas to be exported to Europe through the reconstructed and expanded western branch of the Central Asia-Center gas pipeline system.[70][71]
Kazakhstan - Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI)
[edit]
On October 17, 2013 the International Board of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) designated Kazakhstan “EITI Compliant”.[72]
Clare Short, Chair of the EITI Board said, “Kazakhstan has reached an important milestone by becoming a full member of the EITI family. I hope that all parties will now work to ensure that this increase in transparency will lead to reform in the management of the extractive industries, bringing real benefits to the people of Kazakhstan and providing leadership in other countries in the region.”[73]
Kazakhstan - IAEA
[edit]
Kazakhstan and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) cooperated on several projects related to nuclear energy, agriculture, nuclear security, research, and others. Kazakhstan contributed to such projects of the IAEA as the development of nuclear power infrastructure and strengthening nuclear forensics. Kazakhstan also provided US $100 000 in extrabudgetary contributions for the renovation of the IAEA’s nuclear applications research laboratories.[74]
Low Enriched Uranium Bank
[edit]
References
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Investors eye abundance of oil
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Kazakhstan has vast oil reserves and is ramping up production. The prospects for foreign investors look bright, but there are risks too
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Unlocking the value of automation and AI in asset management
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KazMunayGas plans to increase gas production
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KazMunayGas JSC (KMG, Kazakhstan's national oil and gas company) plans to increase gas production, as stated in a statement of the Chairman of the Board of KMG Magzum Mirzagaliyev, published by the press service of the joint-stock company, Trend.az reports.
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"In addition to active geological exploration and stabilization of oil production levels, the company’s priority is to increase gas production and its commercialization. KMG is actively working to explore and launch new fields. We understand the importance of gas production for Kazakhstan. Consumption in the country is growing rapidly. Therefore, we have now begun developing the company’s Gas Strategy, within the framework of which it is planned to increase gas production from both operating and exploration assets," he said.
As Mirzagaliyev noted, at the moment, the growth potential, according to KMG estimates, could amount to an additional 6.7 billion cubic meters of gas per year by 2030, excluding large projects (Tengiz, Karachaganak, Kashagan).
"Last year, we already launched three new gas fields: Rozhkovskoye in the West Kazakhstan region, Aksay Yuzhny in the Kyzylorda region and Eastern Urikhtau in the Aktobe region," he said.
According to him, in addition to the listed projects, the Gas Strategy includes the Central Urikhtau field with a production potential of up to 900 million cubic meters of gas per year, the Western Prorva and Kalamkas fields (up to 1.1 billion cubic meters per year).
"KMG is also implementing exploration projects that could potentially increase the level of natural gas production: the Karaton Podsolevoy and Turgay Paleozoy areas, where, as I have already noted, exploration wells are planned to be drilled in 2024," Mirzagaliyev noted.
Meanwhile, the volume of oil and gas condensate production by KazMunayGas amounted to 23.5 million tons (486,000 barrels per day) in 2023. The volume of oil and gas condensate production grew by 6.5 percent from 2022.
At the same time, natural and related gas output climbed by 14.8 percent over the reporting period, reaching 9.45 billion cubic meters.
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Chevron and QazaqGaz to Conduct Exploration Work at the Zhalibek Subsoil Site in Kazakhstan
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ROGTEC Magazine – Russian Oil and Gas Technologies Magazine is Russia's and the Caspian's leading, independent, upstream publication
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ROGTEC
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https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/chevron-and-qazaqgaz-to-conduct-exploration-work-at-the-zhalibek-subsoil-site-in-kazakhstan/
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SD UK
KDR 2024 ENG
Chevron and QazaqGaz to Conduct Exploration Work at the Zhalibek Subsoil Site in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan national company QazaqGaz and Chevron (through its subsidiary Chevron Munaygaz Inc.) signed a cooperation agreement on geological exploration work (GEW) at the Zhalibek subsoil site in the Aktobe region near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields. This was reported by the press service of QazaqGaz.
It is noted that negotiations and technical preparation for this project have been carried out over the past year. The project is being implemented with the support of the shareholder Samruk-Kazyna and the Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The signing ceremony of the agreement was held with the participation of the Chairman of the Board of Samruk-Kazyna N. Zhakupov.
The document was signed by the Chairman of the Board of QazaqGaz S. Zharkeshov and Managing Director of the Eurasian Division of Chevron D. Magness.
Theses of S. Zharkeshov:
We are pleased to begin joint work with Chevron on new gas fields;
It is expected that further geological exploration and development of a potential gas and gas condensate field in the Zhalibek subsoil area will contribute to the development of the resource base of commercial gas and the economic growth of the country in the future;
Fulfilling the instructions of the head of state (K.-Zh. Tokayev – editor’s note) to accelerate geological exploration projects in the gas industry, we are pleased to report that the potential of the gas industry of Kazakhstan is increasingly attracting international investors and transnational companies.
At the 1st stage, Chevron will reprocess the available seismic data and develop technical interpretations.
The parties consider the signed agreement as a potential start of larger-scale cooperation.
D. Magness’s keynote address:
We are pleased to strengthen our partnership with QazaqGaz on this important gas project;
Our strategic partnership with Kazakhstan has been going on for over 3 decades, and this agreement opens up new opportunities for the growth of Kazakhstan’s energy potential;
Chevron recognizes the importance of developing the gas industry and the opportunities and prospects associated with it in Kazakhstan.
Chevron in Kazakhstan
In 1993, Chevron became the first international energy company to enter Kazakhstan.
Assets:
The company owns a 50% stake in Tengizchevroil (TCO), which develops the Tengiz and Korolevskoye fields,
18% in the Karachaganak gas condensate field;
15% in CPC – Caspian Pipeline Consortium, which operates a 1,505 km pipeline system designed to export Kazakh oil to world markets;
100% in Atyrau polyethylene pipe plant.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Kazakhstan
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Energy in Kazakhstan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Kazakhstan
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Energy in Kazakhstan describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Kazakhstan and the politics of Kazakhstan related to energy.
Kazakhstan is net energy exporter. Kazakhstan has oil, gas, coal and uranium reserves. Kazakhstan is a leading energy producer in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). It is a major producer of oil, gas, and coal, as well as being the largest producer and exporter of uranium ore in the world. [1] Kazakhstan's oil and gas industry has been intensively developing after 1999.[2] China is one of the biggest investors in Kazakhstan's oil and gas industry.[3][4][5] Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy commits to 50% of energy consumption come from renewable or alternative sources.[6]
Energy in Kazakhstan[7] Population
(million) Primary energy
(TWh) Production
(TWh) Export
(TWh) Electricity
(TWh) CO2-emission
(Mt) 2004 15.0 638 1,379 742 54.4 162.2 2007 15.5 773 1,582 811 68.9 190.5 2008 15.7 825 1,723 899 73.5 201.6 2009 15.9 766 1,696 931 71.6 189.5 2012 16.6 908 1,863 972 81.0 234.2 2012R 16.79 871 1,915 1,023 85.4 225.8 2013 17.04 948 1,966 994 83.4 244.9 Change 2004-09 6.0% 20.1% 22.9% 25.6% 31.7% 16.9% Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses.
2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated
According to IEA primary energy supply increased 29% and energy export 21% from 2004 to 2008 in Kazakhstan.
Energy by sources
[edit]
In 2018 about half of energy was from coal and about a quarter each from oil and natural gas.[8] Kazakhstan started looking for ways to use its renewable energy sources.[9] In 2015, an action plan was adopted on the development of renewable energy for the period of 2013 to 2020.[9] Also in 2015, Kazakhstan Investment and Development Minister announced that the country would establish a special fund engaged in financing energy-saving programs.[9] In 2016, Kazakhstan significantly increased the installed capacity of renewable energy facilities, which totaled 251.55 megawatts. It is 1.4 times more than in the same period of 2015.[10]
Oil
[edit]
Kazakhstan has estimated 30 billion barrels of oil reserves. With 172 oilfields, Kazakhstan possesses 3% of global oil reserves, putting it among the world's top 15 countries in terms of oil reserves.[11] The main reserves are in five largest onshore oil fields of Tengiz – the largest oil producing field with 565,000 barrels per day of crude in 2011 - Karachaganak, Aktobe, Mangistau, and Uzen, all of which are located in the western part of the country. These hold half of current proven reserves. The offshore fields of Kashagan and Kurmanagazy in the Caspian Sea are estimated to hold minimum 14 million barrels. With 9 – 11 billion barrels, Kashagan is the largest oil field outside of the Middle East. It is estimated to come on stream in 2016 and reach production of 1.5 million barrels per day at its peak. Kazakhstan is a major oil producer with an estimated total production of 1.64 million barrels per day in 2013. The country consumes around 13 percent of the supply domestically and exports the rest to major oil markets. To continue expanding the liquids production above its current levels, the country needs to develop its Tengiz, Karachaganak, and Kashagan fields as well as add export capacity.[12]
KazMunayGas (KMG), the national oil and gas company, was created in 2002 to represent the interests of the state in the oil and gas industry. The oil production development has been made possible largely due to significant foreign investment, primarily from the Netherlands and the US in the early 2000s. In 2010, the Kazakh government took away KMG's responsibility to regulate the sector to enable the company's higher level of involvement in the commercial sector. The government now reserves a majority stake for KMG in all new projects and joint ventures. KMG now controls 20 percent of total oil and gas proved reserves of Kazakhstan and produces 27 percent of total oil and gas condensate and 14 percent of gas.[13]
Kazakhstan has three major refineries - Atyrau,[14] Shymkent and Pavlodar. Their combined crude refining capacity amounts to around 350,000 barrels per day, roughly evenly split amongst the three. Due to aged infrastructure, they mostly operate only at 60 percent of their capacity. The government has made significant investment in the modernization of these units to be completed around 2016.[12]
In mid-2016, a group of oil companies led by Chevron announced a $36.8 billion investment deal for the development of Kazakhstan's Tengiz oil field. According to experts, this investment may allow Kazakhstan to become a top 10 oil producer.[15]
Kazakhstan decreased its oil production by 4.3% as part of the agreements reached with the OPEC +.[16] OPEC+, which also includes non-OPEC allies, including Kazakhstan and Russia, agreed in April to a record global oil cut of 9.7 million barrels per day from May 1.[17] In November 2020, the Kazakh Government confirmed that the country fulfilled the OPEC+ obligations by 99%.[17]
Kazakhstan is estimated to have around 30 billion barrels (4.8×109 m3) of crude oil reserves.[18] In 2018, this would make Kazakhstan twelfth in the amount of total proven oil reserves globally.[19] When discovered in the 1990s, the Kashagan oil field was the second largest oil field in the world.[20] In 2000s, the oil production has increased rapidly due to foreign investment and improvements in production efficiencies. In 2006, Kazakhstan produced 54 million tons of crude oil and 10.5 million tons of gas condensate 565,000,000 bbl (89,800,000 m3), which makes Kazakhstan eighteenth-largest oil producer in the world.[18] At these production levels Kazakhstan is thought to have approximately 50 years of remaining production. According to the president Nursultan Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan is planning to increase its oil production up to 3.5 million barrels (560,000 m3) of oil a day, of which 3 million will go to export. This will lift Kazakhstan into the ranks of the world's top 10 oil-producing nations.[21] The government views the oil and gas sector as strategically important for the economy and the share of state involvement in the management over petroleum resources remains high.[22]
The main production sites are the Tengiz field 290,000 bbl/d (46,000 m3/d), located on the northeast shores of the Caspian, and the Karachaganak field 210,000 bbl/d (33,000 m3/d), located inland near to Russian border. In future Kazakh oil production will also rely on the Kashagan field, the largest oil field outside the Middle East, which possess anywhere from 7 Gbbl (1.1×10^9 m3) to 13 Gbbl (2.1×10^9 m3) in recoverable reserves, and the Kurmangazy field in Northern Kazakhstan.[23] There are some smaller oil fields near the Chinese border, which are not developed/operational yet.[18][24] 76% of Kazakhstan's oil and gas production and remaining reserves are concentrated in these three oil fields, as well as the Uzen Field. 14% of reserves and production are located in 6 further fields.
The leading oil industry is state-owned oil company KazMunayGas. The landmark foreign investment in Kazakh oil industry is the TengizChevroil joint venture, owned 50% by ChevronTexaco, 25% by ExxonMobil, 20% by the Government of Kazakhstan, and 5% by Lukarco of Russia. The Karachaganak natural gas and gas condensate field is being developed by BG, Agip, ChevronTexaco, and Lukoil. Also Chinese, Indian and Korean oil companies are involved in the Kazakhstan's oil industry.
Kazakhstan has three oil refineries: in Pavlodar, in Atyrau,[14] and in Shymkent. Pavlodar and Shymkent refineries process West Siberian crude oil, which is imported through the Omsk (Russia) - Pavlodar (Kazakhstan) - Shymkent - Türkmenabat (Turkmenistan) pipeline.[25]
Natural Gas
[edit]
Kazakhstan's proven reserves of natural gas are 85 trillion cubic feet. (2013). Majority of natural gas reserves are located in the west of Kazakhstan and concentrated in four fields – Karachanganak (46 percent), Tengiz (12 percent), Imashevskoye (7 percent) and Kashagan (12 percent).[26] Between 2000 and 2012 the natural gas production increased four times to 40.1 billion cubic meters in 2012. However, only 53 percent of this gas was for commercial purposes; the rest was re-injected into oil fields to enhance production.[27]
Kazakhstan's gas production suffices to meet domestic demand of 10.5 billion cubic meters (2012). However, due to limited internal gas pipeline network that does not connect all the production centers (west) with demand centers (south, east, north), the country needs to import gas from Uzbekistan to satisfy the demand in the south of the country and from Russia to satisfy demand in the north and east. In 2012, the country exported 8.8 billion cubic meters of gas to China through the Central Asia – China pipeline. Kazakhstan serves as a major transit country for gas exports from Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan that are destined to Russia and China. In 2012, the amount of gas transited through Kazakhstan was 96.5 billion cubic meters.[12]
Kazakhstan's domestic hydrocarbon reserves amount to 3.3–3.7 trillion cubic metres of gas, of which 2.5 tcm are proven.[28] However, Kazakhstan became a net gas exporter only in 2003.[29] In 2007, Kazakhstan produced 29 bcm of natural gas and plans to increase its gas output to 60-80 bcm a year by 2015.[28] The major natural gas fields are Karachaganak, Tengiz, Kashagan, Amangeldy, Zhanazhol, Urikhtau and Chinarevskoye.[30] Kazakhstan's major gas company is KazMunaiGaS JSC that has a reported annual income of about $3 billion in 2013.[31]
Coal
[edit]
Kazakhstan sits on Central Asia's largest recoverable coal reserves. At 33.6 billion tonnes the reserves represent 3.8 percent of global total reserves. (2013). In 2013, the country produced 58.4 million tonnes.[32] Coal production stands at 70 percent of what it was during the Soviet Union. The largest coal producer is Bogatyr Coal that operates the largest 4.5 billion tons open-pit coal mine in the world in Ekibastuz in the northeastern region of Kazakhstan. In 2012 Bogatyr Coal produced 46 million tons of coal.[33]
Majority of coal, 75 percent, is used for domestic consumption, power generation in particular. The largest importers of Kazakhstan's oil include the neighboring southern Russia and Ukraine.[34]
A major concern of the coal mines of Kazakhstan is safety and prevention and control of mine explosions.[35]
In 2009 Kazakhstan was 8. top coal producer: 96 million tonnes hard coal and 5 million tonnes brown coal. 22 Mt of hard coal was exported (2009). In 2009 Kazakhstan was world 8. top coal exporter. The top hard coal net exporters in 2009 were (Mt): Australia 262, Indonesia 230, Russia 93, Colombia 69, South Africa 67, United States 33, Vietnam 25, Kazakhstan 22, Canada 20 and Czech Republic 4.[36] The coal of Kazakhstan has low energy value 0.444 toe/tonne compared to e.g. in this respect top coal of Australia 0.689 toe/tonne.[37]
Assuming both hard coal 96 Mt and brown coal 6 Mt having about the same energy value,: the coal production would have been about 101 Mt*0.444 toe/Mt*11.630 TWh/toe = 521 TWh in 2009 and export .22*0.444 toe/Mt*11.630 TWh/toe = 114 TWh.
Although Kazakhstan is a substantial producer of oil and gas, coal has dominated both energy production and consumption.[38] It contains Central Asia's largest recoverable coal reserves, with 34.5 billion short tons of mostly anthracitic and bituminous coal.[39] Major coal fields are Bogatyr and Severny. In 2005, Kazakhstan was the 9th biggest producer of coal in the world, and the 10th global exporter.[40] Russia is the largest importer of Kazakh coal, followed by Ukraine. The biggest coal production company is Bogatyr Access Komir, which accounts for approximately 35% of Kazakh coal output.
Electricity
[edit]
An executive order directs that renewables sources supply 15% of Kazakhstan's total energy grid by 2030. If achieved, the domestic energy and labor sectors would be reshaped.[41]
In 2013, the country produced 93.76 billion kWH - 70 billion kWh (81%) from coal, 8 from gas and 8 from hydro. The country has 71 power stations, including 5 hydro power plants located on the Irtysh river, which translates to total installed generating capacity of 19.6 GW. 75 percent of electricity generated is consumed by industry, 11 percent by households, 2 percent by transportation.[42]
Kazakhstan largest solar power station "Burboye Solar-1" LLP was commissioned in July 2015. Since then during a year of operation the solar power station produced over 38.4 million kWh. Besides "Burboye Solar-1", the Zhambyl region implements nine projects of alternative energy sources.[43]
In 2021 it was the 3rd largest Bitcoin miner.[44]
Policy
[edit]
Kazakhstan owns large reserves of energy resources. Although Kazakhstan has not described itself as an energy superpower, Kazakhstan's former president Nursultan Nazarbayev claimed Kazakhstan will become a factor of energy security in Asia and Europe.[21] Kazakhstan has a strategic geographical location to control oil and gas flows from Central Asia to East (China) and West (Russia, EU, global market).[45]
Kazakhstan was a partner country of the EU INOGATE energy programme, which had four key topics: enhancing energy security, convergence of member state energy markets on the basis of EU internal energy market principles, supporting sustainable energy development, and attracting investment for energy projects of common and regional interest.[46]
In 2013 Kazakhstan became the first country in Central Asia to launch an economy-wide carbon emissions system to cap emissions from its biggest emitters in the energy, coal, oil and gas extraction sectors.[47]
Overview
[edit]
The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources was the responsible governmental agency for energy policies until March 2010 when it was dissolved and replaced by the Ministry of Oil and Gas and the Ministry for Industry and New Technologies.[48]
In June 2003, the government of Kazakhstan announced a new Caspian Sea development program, according to which new offshore blocks of oil and gas to be auctioned. In 2005, the government introduced new restrictions granting to the state-owned oil and gas company KazMunayGas status of contractor and at least half of any production sharing agreement (PSA). New tax structure, enforced in January 2004, included a so-called "rent tax" on exports, a progressive tax that increases as oil prices grow. The amendment raised the government's share of oil income to a range of 65-85%.The new structure includes an excess profit tax, and limits foreign participation to 50 percent in each offshore project with no guarantees of operatorship.[23]
In 2005, Kazakhstan amended the subsoil law to preempt the sale of oil assets in the country and to extend the government’s power to buy back energy assets by limiting the transfer of property rights to strategic assets in Kazakhstan.[23]
In 2013, Kazakhstan adopted the Energy Efficiency 2020 Program that would reduce emission 10% every year until 2015. Adopted by Prime Minister Serik Akhmetov, this new law would help reduce emissions and help with energy efficient solutions from large companies to small families. 2,000 industrial enterprises would be energy audits to meet with the new law. The program in the long run reduces the amount of energy per square meter by 30% and reduce costs by 14%.[49]
The idea of building a nuclear power plant gained great prominence among the Government members during the early 2020s. In June 2024, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev announced, that a referendum regarding the issue is to be held in autumn. The nuclear power plant is planned to be built in Ülken, Jambyl District, Almaty Region.[50]
Primary energy sources
[edit]
Kazakhstan oil, gas, coal and uranium reserves are among the ten biggest in the world.
Uranium
[edit]
Kazakhstan is the number one [51] country in the world for uranium production volumes, and it owns the world second biggest uranium reserves after Australia (around 1.5 million tons or nearly 19% of the explored reserves of uranium in the world).[52][53] In 2012 Kazakhstan produced 20,900 metric tons of uranium, of which 11,900 metric tons were produced by Kazatomprom, a state-owned holding company (2011: 19,450 total / 11,079 Kazatomprom).[54] Kazatomprom also represents Kazakhstan in the joint ventures with Russian Tekhsnabexport, French AREVA and Canadian Cameco.
All of produced uranium is going for export as the country's only nuclear power plant in Aktau was shut down in June 1999. There is a plan to build a new 1,500 MW nuclear plant in the southeast of Kazakhstan, near Lake Balkash.[55]
According to the mayor, Kyzylorda is planning to produce two-thirds of Kazakhstan's uranium by 2015.[56]
In 2014, Kazakhstan and the IAEA would sign an agreement to establish a low-enriched uranium fuel bank. The bank would be a place for countries to contribute uranium and disperse it to other nations safely for energy means with the IAEA being the governing body.[57]
In August 2013, IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano visited Kazakhstan to further discussions on the fuel bank and praised Kazakhstan's contribution to nuclear non-proliferation.[58]
In 2012, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said during a meeting with Kazakhstan's Foreign Minister Erlan Idrissov in Washington, "We view Kazakhstan not only as a regional player, but also as a global leader. Few countries can be compared to Kazakhstan in terms of its experience in non-proliferation."[59]
Kazakhstan announced in January 2017 that the country was planning to cut its production of uranium by 10% due to a global oversupply of the commodity. According to Kazatomprom, state-owned uranium company and global production leader, even with the announced output cuts, Kazakhstan will continue to be the world’s No.1 uranium producer.[60]
Electricity
[edit]
The Law on Electricity was adopted in July 2004. Another basic act regulating electricity market is the Law on Natural Monopolies, which was last amended in December 2004. The market regulator is the Agency for Regulation of Natural Monopolies (ANMR).
Kazakhstan's electricity system includes 71 power plants with total installed capacity of 18,572 MW.[61] the largest power plant is a coal-fired AES Ekibastuz GRES-2 in north-central Kazakhstan.
86.5% of electric power generation has been privatized. The government does not regulate prices for electricity, and consumers have free choice among providers of electric power (currently there is 15 licensed electricity traders).[62] Transmission system is owned and operated by the state-owned company KEGOC. As of 1 January 2006, the total length of transmission lines was 23,383 km.[61] There are 18 regional distribution (sale) companies. Government regulates transmission and distribution tariffs.
Renewable energy
[edit]
Kazakhstan possesses 5 operational hydroelectric plants which provide roughly 12% of the electricity generation. The majority of the facilities are located on the Irtysh River. Other renewables are largely undeveloped although Kazakhstan has potential in renewable energy resources. Renewable energy sources could be particularly attractive in isolated rural areas.
Wind
[edit]
A planned 100 MW wind farm, one of the largest in Central Asia, is expected to be constructed in 2020 in Zhanatas with funding support from the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.[63][64]
Nuclear energy
[edit]
Main article: Nuclear power in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan currently has no nuclear power generation capacity, as the Aktau nuclear reactor, the country's only nuclear power plant, was shut down in June 1999. However, there is currently a plan to build a new 1,500 MW nuclear plant in the southeast of Kazakhstan, near Lake Balkash.[55]
Energy transportation
[edit]
Kazakhstan's oil pipeline system is operated by KazTransOil which was formed in 1997 when the two previous oil pipeline companies were combined. It is owed 100% by KazMunaiGaz which is also the owner of KazTransGaz which along with KazRosGaz are the two principle gas transportation companies. KazRosGaz is a joint venture between KazMunaiGaz and Gazprom which is involved in the export and trade of gas with Russia.
Oil pipelines
[edit]
Main oil export routes are the Caspian Pipeline Consortium and the Atyrau-Samara oil pipeline to Russia, and Kazakhstan-China oil pipeline to China. Kazakhstan is also a transit country for the Omsk (Russia) -Pavlodar (Kazakhstan) -Shymkent - Türkmenabat (Turkmenistan) pipeline. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline and Neka in Iran could be supplied by oil tankers. In addition, for the export to neighboring countries the rail transport is used.[18]
The Kazakhstan oil infrastructure is considered to be in poor condition which has constrained possible exports. Currently exports excluding the Caspian Pipeline Consortium is limited to 500,000 bbl/d (79,000 m3/d). Kazakhstan is also further hampered as the oil pipeline infrastructure is not set up to transport oil from the producing assets in the west to the main refineries located in the east of the country. The CPC provides an important outlet for Kazakhstan oil and it is expected that it will be up graded so as to export close to 15,000,000 bbl/d (2,400,000 m3/d).
Natural gas pipelines
[edit]
The natural gas trunk pipeline system stretches 10,138 kilometers.[28] The major transit pipelines are the Central Asia-Center gas pipeline system and the Bukhara-Urals pipeline, which transport natural gas from Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan to Russia, and Orenburg-Novopskov pipeline and Soyuz pipeline from Orenburg processing plant to Europe. The Gazli-Bishkek pipeline transports natural gas from Uzbekistan to Kyrgyzstan. The Central Asia-Center and the Bukhara-Urals pipelines as also the Bukhara-Tashkent-Bishkek-Almaty pipeline are also main import pipelines. The main gas export goes to Orenburg processing plant in Russia. The export to Russia goes also through the Central Asia-Center and the Bukhara-Urals pipelines.[30] There is plan to build a natural gas pipeline to China.[29] To supply this pipeline, the Ishim (Rudny)-Petropavlovsk-Kokshetau-Astana pipeline is planned.[30]
International cooperation
[edit]
In general, various international organizations have played an important role in advising and assisting Kazakhstan's government in its energy sector reform and natural resource management.[11]
Kazakhstan - the European Union
[edit]
Kazakhstan signed the European Energy Charter on December 17, 1991, the nation's first day of independence from the former Soviet Union.[65] On 4 December 2006, Kazakhstan and the European Union signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), which sets the framework for deeper energy cooperation. The memorandum establishes road maps on energy security and industrial cooperation. It was accompanied by a co-operation agreement to develop nuclear trade.[66][67]
Kazakhstan - Russia
[edit]
Kazakhstan and Russia have close cooperation on energy issues. On 3 October 2006 during the presidents' meeting in Oral, Kazakhstan and Russia agreed to set up a gas-condensate-processing joint venture between Gazprom and KazMunayGas in Orenburg, which will be supplied from the Karachaganak field.[68] The gas supply agreement was signed on 10 May 2007 in Astana.[citation needed]
On 7 December 2006, the Kazakhstan's Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Baktykozha Izmukhambetov and the chief of the Russian Federal Atomic Energy Agency Sergei Kiriyenko signed an agreement, in which Russia pledged to assist Kazakhstan in its nuclear program in return for shipments of uranium from Kazakhstan to Russia, where the uranium will be enriched. In addition, President of Kazatomprom Moukhtar Dzhakishev, and director of Russian uranium trader Tekhsnabexport Vladimir Smirnov signed a deal in which Tekhsnabexport will provide information regarding construction, transportation and logistics to help Kazakhstan develop its nuclear program. Russia already agreed earlier in 2006 to help Kazakhstan build two nuclear power plants.[69] On 10 May 2007, Russia and Kazakhstan agreed to set up an international uranium enrichment center in Angarsk, East Siberia. The center is planned to come on stream in 2013.[citation needed]
On 12 May 2007, Vladimir Putin of Russia, Nursultan Nazarbayev of Kazakhstan and Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow of Turkmenistan signed an agreement providing for Central Asian gas to be exported to Europe through the reconstructed and expanded western branch of the Central Asia-Center gas pipeline system.[70][71]
Kazakhstan - Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI)
[edit]
On October 17, 2013 the International Board of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) designated Kazakhstan “EITI Compliant”.[72]
Clare Short, Chair of the EITI Board said, “Kazakhstan has reached an important milestone by becoming a full member of the EITI family. I hope that all parties will now work to ensure that this increase in transparency will lead to reform in the management of the extractive industries, bringing real benefits to the people of Kazakhstan and providing leadership in other countries in the region.”[73]
Kazakhstan - IAEA
[edit]
Kazakhstan and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) cooperated on several projects related to nuclear energy, agriculture, nuclear security, research, and others. Kazakhstan contributed to such projects of the IAEA as the development of nuclear power infrastructure and strengthening nuclear forensics. Kazakhstan also provided US $100 000 in extrabudgetary contributions for the renovation of the IAEA’s nuclear applications research laboratories.[74]
Low Enriched Uranium Bank
[edit]
References
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https://inspenet.com/en/noticias/chevron-gas-exploration-agreement-kazakhstan/
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en
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Chevron signs agreement for possible gas exploration in Kazakhstan
|
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2024-07-06T14:04:00-04:00
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Chevron and QazaqGaz cooperate on gas exploration in Kazakhstan, reprocessing seismic data at the Zhalibek site.
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en
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Inspenet
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https://inspenet.com/en/noticias/chevron-gas-exploration-agreement-kazakhstan/
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QazaqGaz and Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc. have formalized a cooperation agreement that could lead to geological exploration at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe region near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields.
Initially, Chevron will be responsible for reprocessing existing seismic data and developing detailed technical interpretations. Negotiations and technical preparations for this project have been carried out over the past year. The parties involved believe that this agreement could be the beginning of a broader collaboration.
The vision of companies regarding gas exploration
Derek Magness, General Manager of Chevron’s Eurasia Business Unit, expressed his satisfaction at strengthening cooperation with QazaqGaz through this gas project. He highlighted that Chevron’s strategic partnership with Kazakhstan has endured for more than three decades and this new agreement opens up significant opportunities for the advancement of the country’s energy sector.
According to Magness, Chevron recognizes the importance of gas development and the potential opportunities this sector offers in Kazakhstan.
It may interest you
For his part, Sanzhar Zharkeshov, Chairman of the Board of Directors of QazaqGaz, expressed his anticipation of working with Chevron to discover new gas prospects. Zharkeshov indicated that geological exploration and development of a potential gas condensate or oil and gas field at Zhalibek could enhance the commercial gas resource base and boost the country’s economic growth.
He also stressed that, following the Head of State’s directive to accelerate exploration projects in the gas sector, the potential of Kazakhstan’s gas industry is increasingly attracting international investors and multinational companies.
This project at the Zhalibek site is part of a broader plan to expand gas capacity and infrastructure in Kazakhstan. The collaboration between QazaqGaz and Chevron is a significant step towards harnessing the country’s natural resources, which is crucial to its long-term economic development.
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http://www.investkz.com/en/journals/88/749.html
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Kazakhstan�s Oil & Gas Industry. Reserves, Production, Investment
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Elvira Dzhantureyeva, Ph.D in Technical Sciences, Head of Mineral Production Results Analysis Service of RCGI Kazgeoinform under the Committee for Geology and Mineral Production, Ministry of Industry and New Technologies
The progress Kazakhstan has made in the development of its oil and gas fields laid the foundation for the dynamic growth of Kazakhstan’s economy. However, the President has set a new goal in creating a more effective management system to maintain sustainable production and export of hydrocarbon resources up to 2050. In our traditional annual review, we have presented the main figures and trends of development of the domestic oil industry over the last 13 years.
Kazakhstan’s favorable investment climate and enormous resource potential has attracted major players on the global energy market to Kazakhstan’s oil and gas industry and today companies from the U.S., Russia, China, the EU and other countries are successfully operating in the industry. In many respects, it is the foreign partners that have allowed putting rapidly into production Kazakhstan’s major hydrocarbon fields, such as Tengiz and Karachaganak. Projects involving foreign companies account for about 60% of investments made in the sector over the last ten years.
At the same time, in its policy of today, the government of Kazakhstan relies on expanding the role of the state in oil and gas projects, greater transparency in foreign investors’ activities, and enhanced responsibility of foreign investors in the social sector and local content. New conditions require that our partners articulate more clearly their investment strategies taking into account the interests of Kazakhstan as the oil-producing state and its long-term development goals.
At present, the share of Kazakhstan in the world's hydrocarbon reserves is about 3%. For this indicator, we rank ninth globally after (in ascending order) Libya, Russia, Venezuela, United Arab Emirates, Iran, Kuwait, and Iraq. Holding more than 25% of the world’s hydrocarbon reserves, Saudi Arabia remains the leader in the global rankings of oil powers.
As of January 1, 2013 the state balance sheets had a record of recoverable reserves on 244 oilfields (about 5 billion tons), 220 gas deposits (365 facilities, 1.6 trillion m3), 180 dissolved gas deposits (227 facilities, 2.3 trillion m3), and 61 oil and gas condensate fields (about 360 million tons). The probable reserves reach more than 17 billion tons of oil and 146 trillion m3 of gas.
Speaking of the growth in the reserves, in 2000–2012 it amounted to 1,935.1 billion tons of oil, 126.6 billion m3 of gas, and 26.5 million tons of condensate. While the production during this period reached, respectively, 748.3 million tons, 342.2 billion m3, and 56.3 million tons (Charts 1 and 2). Therefore, the increase in crude oil reserves exceeds their consumption by nearly three times, while the gas and condensate production rates retain the reverse trend.
In general, the growth in the oil reserves was provided in 2003 owing to the Kashagan field while in 2005 it was provided by the Karaman-Dybas, Karakuduk, and Kashagan (re-estimation) fields, in 2008 by the Kozhasai, Kalamkas-Sea, Arystanovskoe, and Kayran fields, in 2010 by the Akshabulak Center, Kondybai, Zhangurshi, Tasym, Tamdykol, Mortuk, East, Tengiz and others, and in 2012 by the Akkar East, South-West Karabulak, Bashenkol, Novobogat SE, Chinarevskoe, Kashagan and Urikhtau fields.
As for gas and condensate, the main increase in their reserves was provided in 2005 by the Tolkyn field, in 2008 by the Kozhasai, Kalamkas-Sea and Chinarevskoe fields, and in 2010 by Mortuk East and Tasym.
It should be noted that 71% of the oil reserves (in A + B + C1 and C2 categories) are accounted for by two major producers. North Caspian Operating Company accounts for 45% of the reserves and Tengizchevroil for 26%. Mangistaumunaigas, CNPC-Aktobemunaigas, Ozenmunaigas, and Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV have 3% each. Embamunaigas owns 2%. Buzachi Operating LTD, Kazakhoil Aktobe, and Karazhanbasmunai have 1% each. The remaining medium and small mineral producing companies own only 10%. And two more per cent of the reserves are free of mineral production and are in the general fund of reserves.
In turn, the largest reserves of free gas (plus a gas cap) are held by CNPC-Aktobemunaigas (17%), Mangistaumunaigas (11%), Urihtauoperating (9%), North Caspian Operating Company (7%), Embamunaigas (6%), Tenge JV (5%), KazMunaiTeniz (4%), Amangeldy Munai Gas Ltd. (4%), Zhaikmunaigas JV (3%), KazGPZ Ltd (3%), etc. Another 18% is distributed between smaller mineral producers, and 7% forms the general fund.
The lion's share of gas condensate reserves is concentrated in the largest Karachaganak field (74%).
Compared to 2000, oil production in Kazakhstan increased by more than 2 times. For example, about 72.2 million tons were produced only last year. In the regional context, the greatest contribution of 61.5 million tons of oil (or 85% of the total oil production) was made by the companies in West Kazakhstan. These include 29 million tons produced in the Atyrau Oblast, 17.6 million tons in the Mangistau Oblast, nearly 8 million tons in the Aktobe Oblast, and 6.9 million tons in the West Kazakhstan Oblast. More 4.1 million tons were produced in the Karaganda Oblast and 6.6 million tons in the Kyzylorda Oblast (Table 1).
As for individual companies, with its 33% of total oil production Tengizchevroil is the undisputed leader in this indicator. It is followed, with a large margin, by Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV (9%), CNPC-Aktobemunaigas (8%), Mangistaumunaigas (8%), Embamunaigas (7%), Kazgermunai (4%), PetroKazakhstan Kumkol Resources (4%), Karazhanbasmunai (3%), Buzachi Operating Ltd (3%), and Karakuduk-Munai (2%). The remaining 19% is provided by other mineral producers.
With regard to gas production, by the end 2012 the country produced 32.5 billion m3 of gas (including dissolved gas) which is 3.5 times more than in 2000. The main volume of the production was provided by the Atyrau Oblast (43.7% of dissolved gas), Western Kazakhstan Oblast (35.2% of dissolved gas and 34.5% of free gas) and Mangistau Oblast (3.3% and 43.7%, respectively).
The best performance in the field of gas production was demonstrated by Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV (47%), which is also the leader in condensate production (88%). The second and third position is taken by Tengizchevroil (33%) and CNPC-Aktobemunaigas (8%).
According to forecasts, the future hydrocarbon production in Kazakhstan will be as follows: in 2013, Kazakhstan is expected to produce 73.6 million tons of crude oil, 39.2 billion m3 of gas and 4.8 million tons of condensate. In 2014, these figures are expected to be: 76 million tons, 40 billion m3 and 5 million tons, respectively, and in 2015: 85 million tons, 45 billion m3 and 5.6 million tons.
From 2000 to 2012, $134.5 billion was invested in the oil and gas industry, including $16.8 billion invested in geological exploration (GE). During this period, the amount of investment increased nearly 5-fold (Chart 3) to $13.8 billion at the end of last year, including $1.1 billion for exploration works. Up to 2013, these figures are expected to reach $15.2 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively. It should be noted that the share of investment in crude hydrocarbons now accounts for about 70% of the total investment in the development of the mineral resources sector of Kazakhstan.
Following the results of 2012, about 80% of all the investments in hydrocarbons production were made by large companies, such as North Caspian Operating Company (19%), Tengizchevroil (15%), Mangistaumunaigas (13%), Karachaganak Petroleum Operating B.V. (6%), CNPC-Aktobemunaigas (8%), PetroKazakhstan Kumkol Resources (4%), Kazakhoil Aktobe (2%), Karazhanbasmunai (3%), Zhaikmunai (4%), Buzachi Operating Ltd (3%), and others.
It should be emphasized that the investment activity of the mineral producers contributes to social and economic development of the country. Over the past 13 years, companies in the oil sector directed over $2 billion to the social welfare of regions and local infrastructure. And about $1billion was directed for training of Kazakhstani personnel working on a contractual basis. The number of the employees working on contracts increased to 48 thousand from 32 thousand (Chart 4).
One of the main challenges for sustainable development of the oil and gas industry in Kazakhstan is the lack of a special legislative act to regulate matters relating to the prevention of contamination of the marine environment with oil while taking into consideration the state’s and mineral producers’ interests.
There is no concept of “oil spill” in the current law that regulates relations in the sphere of use of mineral resources in the course of oil operations, including offshore and inland water operations. Moreover, the law does not define the mechanism for the state and mineral developer to interact in the event of an oil spill at sea. Meanwhile, elimination of oil spills should be started at a very early stage to improve the efficiency of operations and reduce environmental damage.
Taking into account the importance of the issue, a draft law has currently been developed to complement the Law on Minerals and Mineral Production with a new article whereby the definition is given to the term “oil spill in the sea “. The Act provides that the subsoil user approve plans to prevent and eliminate oil spills and enter into a contract with a specialized organization with operations in this area.
Another aspect of the problem of oil spill is the availability of sufficient financial funds of the user of mineral resources. As international experience shows, when a major oil spill occurs, the damage to the environment and the costs of clean-up activities may reach several billion dollars. In this context, the state is directly interested in the availability of sufficient funds from subsoil use to eliminate accidents and compensate for damages.
Currently, when choosing an insurance limit, the user of mineral resources is often guided by considerations of cost savings for insurance coverage which can result in inadequate measures of responsibility and incomplete coverage. In this regard, the draft law provides for the obligation of the user of mineral resources to create a special fund to accumulate funds in the event of oil spills.
Today, Kazakhstan has successfully developed oil-producing projects in the Caspian Sea. So, for example, the first confirmation of the presence of hydrocarbon resources has been achieved for Zhemchuzhina (Pearl) Project’s areas where NC KazMunayGas, Shell and Omanoil have been conducting explorations under the work program. According to the results of the exploration work the presence of oil-and-gas has also been proved for the Khazar and Auezov structures.
Although the Satpayev and Zhambyl blocks are only at the initial stage of exploration, they also expect confirmation of significant hydrocarbon reserves. In the near future the national operator jointly with the Norwegian Statoil will begin exploration at the Abai block and a bit later with Russian Gazprom and LUKOIL at the Khvalynskoe and Central blocks.
In addition, a number of large projects are planned to go into operation while the existing projects will expand oil production. This will significantly increase Kazakhstan’s oil export potential. First of all, this is a new phase of development of the giant Kashagan field where, as planned, the production of hydrocarbons will reach about 15 million tons by 2015, and 65 million tons by 2020.
Great prospects are associated with the increased production capacity at the Tengiz field as part of the Future Growth Project. Its cost is estimated at $15–20 billion, and after its completion in 2016–2017 it will provide an opportunity to increase oil production at the field from 25.9 to 36 million tons. The Future Growth Project proceeds from the success of the recently completed Sour Gas Injection and Second Generation Plant Project.
Currently, the Ministry of Oil and Gas and Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV are negotiating the terms and conditions of approval and parameters of the third phase of the Karachaganak gas condensate field. In total, its development is divided into four phases; two of them have already been completed. In particular, the processing facility has been commissioned to export liquid hydrocarbons via the CPC. A multi-plant Unit 2 for re-injection of gas into the reservoir has been built (it uses the newest technology to reduce the impact on the environment while increasing several times the recovery from the field as compared to traditional methods). About 100 wells have been commissioned, and 635-kilometer Karachaganak – Bolshoy Chagan – Atyrau export pipeline has been built to connect the oilfield with the CPC. The total investment has exceeded $4 billion. As a result, the production of liquid hydrocarbons and natural gas from the Karachaganak field has almost doubled.
As part of the third phase, CPC will introduce a number of additional facilities, including a gas processing plant with export pipeline (the so-called “gas complex”). This will provide a significant increase in supply of hydrocarbons and also exports from Kazakhstan of not only primary products but also high-tech compounds derived from hydrocarbons. The third stage of development of the Karachaganak field and expansion of the CPC are the two most important current challenges that Kazakhstan faces in the oil and gas sector.
As for the second phase of the Kashagan field, its realization can be deferred until 2018–2019 which in turn will affect the beginning of implementation of the Caspian pipeline transportation system project. Delay is costly although this will not affect the timing of the start of commercial production of oil in the first phase. Recall that while approving the timing, Kazakhstan increased its stake in the project from 8% to 16.8% and obtained from the consortium of foreign companies royalty payments, which were absent in the original agreement. In accordance with the agreement, if commercial production from the field is outside the 31st of December 2013, Kazakhstan will not reimburse for the expenses of the consortium. The government and the consortium have also agreed to the stability of the tax regime for the Kashagan development contract.
Thus, by 2020, production will begin from a number of fields in the Caspian shelf. In particular, by this time, the Hazar field is planned to produce annually 987 thousand tons of crude oil while the Kalamkas-Sea field will produce 675 tons, Auezov 416 thousand tons, Rakushechnoye-Sea 816 tons, and the block N will produce 453 tons. It should be emphasized that the dominant share of this oil will be exported, mainly to Europe.
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative
The purpose of the EITI, which has been implemented in Kazakhstan since 2005, is to ensure transparency in the management of natural resources of the country and disclosure of government revenue from the extractive industries. The mechanism of the standard is that upstream companies shall publish information about payments and the government shall publish the amount of the revenue. This data shall be compared to the annual report of the National EITI and accompanied by an international expert assessment. In order to coordinate the Initiative tasks, the National Stakeholders Council has been created with Deputy Prime Minister Kairat Kelimbetov as chairman. It is composed of deputies of the Majilis of the Parliament, representatives of ministries and departments, minerals developers of the oil and mining industries, and civil society activists. All decisions on the implementation of the EITI are accepted by the National Council on the basis of consensus.
To consolidate the Initiative at the legislative level, the relevant changes have been introduced to the Law on Minerals and Mineral Production to define responsibilities of users of mineral resources with the terms of the Memorandum of Understanding on the Initiative. In the period from 2005 to 2012 seven National EITI reports have already been written. They are available at the website of the Committee of Geology and Subsoil use of the RK MINT (geology.kz), as well as at the International EITI website (eiti.org).
To ensure the successful implementation of the Initiative, Kazakhstan took an active part in the sixth EITI Global Conference held in Sydney, Australia. The national and regional conferences and round tables are regularly held with the participation of members of the National Council, government agencies, international organizations and media. On the 9th of October, 2013 the fifth National EITI Conference will be held in Astana as part of the VIII Eurasian Energy Forum KAZENERGY.
According to the requirements of the EITI International Board, this year Kazakhstan conducted validation (assessment by an independent expert whether the country complies with EITI international standards) and prepared the relevant Validation Report. Currently, the country is expecting from the EITI International Board to determine its status as an EITI Compliant. An advanced plan has been prepared for the implementation of the EITI plan for the post-validation period in accordance with the new EITI rules.
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Energy in Kazakhstan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Kazakhstan
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Energy in Kazakhstan describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Kazakhstan and the politics of Kazakhstan related to energy.
Kazakhstan is net energy exporter. Kazakhstan has oil, gas, coal and uranium reserves. Kazakhstan is a leading energy producer in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). It is a major producer of oil, gas, and coal, as well as being the largest producer and exporter of uranium ore in the world. [1] Kazakhstan's oil and gas industry has been intensively developing after 1999.[2] China is one of the biggest investors in Kazakhstan's oil and gas industry.[3][4][5] Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy commits to 50% of energy consumption come from renewable or alternative sources.[6]
Energy in Kazakhstan[7] Population
(million) Primary energy
(TWh) Production
(TWh) Export
(TWh) Electricity
(TWh) CO2-emission
(Mt) 2004 15.0 638 1,379 742 54.4 162.2 2007 15.5 773 1,582 811 68.9 190.5 2008 15.7 825 1,723 899 73.5 201.6 2009 15.9 766 1,696 931 71.6 189.5 2012 16.6 908 1,863 972 81.0 234.2 2012R 16.79 871 1,915 1,023 85.4 225.8 2013 17.04 948 1,966 994 83.4 244.9 Change 2004-09 6.0% 20.1% 22.9% 25.6% 31.7% 16.9% Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses.
2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated
According to IEA primary energy supply increased 29% and energy export 21% from 2004 to 2008 in Kazakhstan.
Energy by sources
[edit]
In 2018 about half of energy was from coal and about a quarter each from oil and natural gas.[8] Kazakhstan started looking for ways to use its renewable energy sources.[9] In 2015, an action plan was adopted on the development of renewable energy for the period of 2013 to 2020.[9] Also in 2015, Kazakhstan Investment and Development Minister announced that the country would establish a special fund engaged in financing energy-saving programs.[9] In 2016, Kazakhstan significantly increased the installed capacity of renewable energy facilities, which totaled 251.55 megawatts. It is 1.4 times more than in the same period of 2015.[10]
Oil
[edit]
Kazakhstan has estimated 30 billion barrels of oil reserves. With 172 oilfields, Kazakhstan possesses 3% of global oil reserves, putting it among the world's top 15 countries in terms of oil reserves.[11] The main reserves are in five largest onshore oil fields of Tengiz – the largest oil producing field with 565,000 barrels per day of crude in 2011 - Karachaganak, Aktobe, Mangistau, and Uzen, all of which are located in the western part of the country. These hold half of current proven reserves. The offshore fields of Kashagan and Kurmanagazy in the Caspian Sea are estimated to hold minimum 14 million barrels. With 9 – 11 billion barrels, Kashagan is the largest oil field outside of the Middle East. It is estimated to come on stream in 2016 and reach production of 1.5 million barrels per day at its peak. Kazakhstan is a major oil producer with an estimated total production of 1.64 million barrels per day in 2013. The country consumes around 13 percent of the supply domestically and exports the rest to major oil markets. To continue expanding the liquids production above its current levels, the country needs to develop its Tengiz, Karachaganak, and Kashagan fields as well as add export capacity.[12]
KazMunayGas (KMG), the national oil and gas company, was created in 2002 to represent the interests of the state in the oil and gas industry. The oil production development has been made possible largely due to significant foreign investment, primarily from the Netherlands and the US in the early 2000s. In 2010, the Kazakh government took away KMG's responsibility to regulate the sector to enable the company's higher level of involvement in the commercial sector. The government now reserves a majority stake for KMG in all new projects and joint ventures. KMG now controls 20 percent of total oil and gas proved reserves of Kazakhstan and produces 27 percent of total oil and gas condensate and 14 percent of gas.[13]
Kazakhstan has three major refineries - Atyrau,[14] Shymkent and Pavlodar. Their combined crude refining capacity amounts to around 350,000 barrels per day, roughly evenly split amongst the three. Due to aged infrastructure, they mostly operate only at 60 percent of their capacity. The government has made significant investment in the modernization of these units to be completed around 2016.[12]
In mid-2016, a group of oil companies led by Chevron announced a $36.8 billion investment deal for the development of Kazakhstan's Tengiz oil field. According to experts, this investment may allow Kazakhstan to become a top 10 oil producer.[15]
Kazakhstan decreased its oil production by 4.3% as part of the agreements reached with the OPEC +.[16] OPEC+, which also includes non-OPEC allies, including Kazakhstan and Russia, agreed in April to a record global oil cut of 9.7 million barrels per day from May 1.[17] In November 2020, the Kazakh Government confirmed that the country fulfilled the OPEC+ obligations by 99%.[17]
Kazakhstan is estimated to have around 30 billion barrels (4.8×109 m3) of crude oil reserves.[18] In 2018, this would make Kazakhstan twelfth in the amount of total proven oil reserves globally.[19] When discovered in the 1990s, the Kashagan oil field was the second largest oil field in the world.[20] In 2000s, the oil production has increased rapidly due to foreign investment and improvements in production efficiencies. In 2006, Kazakhstan produced 54 million tons of crude oil and 10.5 million tons of gas condensate 565,000,000 bbl (89,800,000 m3), which makes Kazakhstan eighteenth-largest oil producer in the world.[18] At these production levels Kazakhstan is thought to have approximately 50 years of remaining production. According to the president Nursultan Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan is planning to increase its oil production up to 3.5 million barrels (560,000 m3) of oil a day, of which 3 million will go to export. This will lift Kazakhstan into the ranks of the world's top 10 oil-producing nations.[21] The government views the oil and gas sector as strategically important for the economy and the share of state involvement in the management over petroleum resources remains high.[22]
The main production sites are the Tengiz field 290,000 bbl/d (46,000 m3/d), located on the northeast shores of the Caspian, and the Karachaganak field 210,000 bbl/d (33,000 m3/d), located inland near to Russian border. In future Kazakh oil production will also rely on the Kashagan field, the largest oil field outside the Middle East, which possess anywhere from 7 Gbbl (1.1×10^9 m3) to 13 Gbbl (2.1×10^9 m3) in recoverable reserves, and the Kurmangazy field in Northern Kazakhstan.[23] There are some smaller oil fields near the Chinese border, which are not developed/operational yet.[18][24] 76% of Kazakhstan's oil and gas production and remaining reserves are concentrated in these three oil fields, as well as the Uzen Field. 14% of reserves and production are located in 6 further fields.
The leading oil industry is state-owned oil company KazMunayGas. The landmark foreign investment in Kazakh oil industry is the TengizChevroil joint venture, owned 50% by ChevronTexaco, 25% by ExxonMobil, 20% by the Government of Kazakhstan, and 5% by Lukarco of Russia. The Karachaganak natural gas and gas condensate field is being developed by BG, Agip, ChevronTexaco, and Lukoil. Also Chinese, Indian and Korean oil companies are involved in the Kazakhstan's oil industry.
Kazakhstan has three oil refineries: in Pavlodar, in Atyrau,[14] and in Shymkent. Pavlodar and Shymkent refineries process West Siberian crude oil, which is imported through the Omsk (Russia) - Pavlodar (Kazakhstan) - Shymkent - Türkmenabat (Turkmenistan) pipeline.[25]
Natural Gas
[edit]
Kazakhstan's proven reserves of natural gas are 85 trillion cubic feet. (2013). Majority of natural gas reserves are located in the west of Kazakhstan and concentrated in four fields – Karachanganak (46 percent), Tengiz (12 percent), Imashevskoye (7 percent) and Kashagan (12 percent).[26] Between 2000 and 2012 the natural gas production increased four times to 40.1 billion cubic meters in 2012. However, only 53 percent of this gas was for commercial purposes; the rest was re-injected into oil fields to enhance production.[27]
Kazakhstan's gas production suffices to meet domestic demand of 10.5 billion cubic meters (2012). However, due to limited internal gas pipeline network that does not connect all the production centers (west) with demand centers (south, east, north), the country needs to import gas from Uzbekistan to satisfy the demand in the south of the country and from Russia to satisfy demand in the north and east. In 2012, the country exported 8.8 billion cubic meters of gas to China through the Central Asia – China pipeline. Kazakhstan serves as a major transit country for gas exports from Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan that are destined to Russia and China. In 2012, the amount of gas transited through Kazakhstan was 96.5 billion cubic meters.[12]
Kazakhstan's domestic hydrocarbon reserves amount to 3.3–3.7 trillion cubic metres of gas, of which 2.5 tcm are proven.[28] However, Kazakhstan became a net gas exporter only in 2003.[29] In 2007, Kazakhstan produced 29 bcm of natural gas and plans to increase its gas output to 60-80 bcm a year by 2015.[28] The major natural gas fields are Karachaganak, Tengiz, Kashagan, Amangeldy, Zhanazhol, Urikhtau and Chinarevskoye.[30] Kazakhstan's major gas company is KazMunaiGaS JSC that has a reported annual income of about $3 billion in 2013.[31]
Coal
[edit]
Kazakhstan sits on Central Asia's largest recoverable coal reserves. At 33.6 billion tonnes the reserves represent 3.8 percent of global total reserves. (2013). In 2013, the country produced 58.4 million tonnes.[32] Coal production stands at 70 percent of what it was during the Soviet Union. The largest coal producer is Bogatyr Coal that operates the largest 4.5 billion tons open-pit coal mine in the world in Ekibastuz in the northeastern region of Kazakhstan. In 2012 Bogatyr Coal produced 46 million tons of coal.[33]
Majority of coal, 75 percent, is used for domestic consumption, power generation in particular. The largest importers of Kazakhstan's oil include the neighboring southern Russia and Ukraine.[34]
A major concern of the coal mines of Kazakhstan is safety and prevention and control of mine explosions.[35]
In 2009 Kazakhstan was 8. top coal producer: 96 million tonnes hard coal and 5 million tonnes brown coal. 22 Mt of hard coal was exported (2009). In 2009 Kazakhstan was world 8. top coal exporter. The top hard coal net exporters in 2009 were (Mt): Australia 262, Indonesia 230, Russia 93, Colombia 69, South Africa 67, United States 33, Vietnam 25, Kazakhstan 22, Canada 20 and Czech Republic 4.[36] The coal of Kazakhstan has low energy value 0.444 toe/tonne compared to e.g. in this respect top coal of Australia 0.689 toe/tonne.[37]
Assuming both hard coal 96 Mt and brown coal 6 Mt having about the same energy value,: the coal production would have been about 101 Mt*0.444 toe/Mt*11.630 TWh/toe = 521 TWh in 2009 and export .22*0.444 toe/Mt*11.630 TWh/toe = 114 TWh.
Although Kazakhstan is a substantial producer of oil and gas, coal has dominated both energy production and consumption.[38] It contains Central Asia's largest recoverable coal reserves, with 34.5 billion short tons of mostly anthracitic and bituminous coal.[39] Major coal fields are Bogatyr and Severny. In 2005, Kazakhstan was the 9th biggest producer of coal in the world, and the 10th global exporter.[40] Russia is the largest importer of Kazakh coal, followed by Ukraine. The biggest coal production company is Bogatyr Access Komir, which accounts for approximately 35% of Kazakh coal output.
Electricity
[edit]
An executive order directs that renewables sources supply 15% of Kazakhstan's total energy grid by 2030. If achieved, the domestic energy and labor sectors would be reshaped.[41]
In 2013, the country produced 93.76 billion kWH - 70 billion kWh (81%) from coal, 8 from gas and 8 from hydro. The country has 71 power stations, including 5 hydro power plants located on the Irtysh river, which translates to total installed generating capacity of 19.6 GW. 75 percent of electricity generated is consumed by industry, 11 percent by households, 2 percent by transportation.[42]
Kazakhstan largest solar power station "Burboye Solar-1" LLP was commissioned in July 2015. Since then during a year of operation the solar power station produced over 38.4 million kWh. Besides "Burboye Solar-1", the Zhambyl region implements nine projects of alternative energy sources.[43]
In 2021 it was the 3rd largest Bitcoin miner.[44]
Policy
[edit]
Kazakhstan owns large reserves of energy resources. Although Kazakhstan has not described itself as an energy superpower, Kazakhstan's former president Nursultan Nazarbayev claimed Kazakhstan will become a factor of energy security in Asia and Europe.[21] Kazakhstan has a strategic geographical location to control oil and gas flows from Central Asia to East (China) and West (Russia, EU, global market).[45]
Kazakhstan was a partner country of the EU INOGATE energy programme, which had four key topics: enhancing energy security, convergence of member state energy markets on the basis of EU internal energy market principles, supporting sustainable energy development, and attracting investment for energy projects of common and regional interest.[46]
In 2013 Kazakhstan became the first country in Central Asia to launch an economy-wide carbon emissions system to cap emissions from its biggest emitters in the energy, coal, oil and gas extraction sectors.[47]
Overview
[edit]
The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources was the responsible governmental agency for energy policies until March 2010 when it was dissolved and replaced by the Ministry of Oil and Gas and the Ministry for Industry and New Technologies.[48]
In June 2003, the government of Kazakhstan announced a new Caspian Sea development program, according to which new offshore blocks of oil and gas to be auctioned. In 2005, the government introduced new restrictions granting to the state-owned oil and gas company KazMunayGas status of contractor and at least half of any production sharing agreement (PSA). New tax structure, enforced in January 2004, included a so-called "rent tax" on exports, a progressive tax that increases as oil prices grow. The amendment raised the government's share of oil income to a range of 65-85%.The new structure includes an excess profit tax, and limits foreign participation to 50 percent in each offshore project with no guarantees of operatorship.[23]
In 2005, Kazakhstan amended the subsoil law to preempt the sale of oil assets in the country and to extend the government’s power to buy back energy assets by limiting the transfer of property rights to strategic assets in Kazakhstan.[23]
In 2013, Kazakhstan adopted the Energy Efficiency 2020 Program that would reduce emission 10% every year until 2015. Adopted by Prime Minister Serik Akhmetov, this new law would help reduce emissions and help with energy efficient solutions from large companies to small families. 2,000 industrial enterprises would be energy audits to meet with the new law. The program in the long run reduces the amount of energy per square meter by 30% and reduce costs by 14%.[49]
The idea of building a nuclear power plant gained great prominence among the Government members during the early 2020s. In June 2024, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev announced, that a referendum regarding the issue is to be held in autumn. The nuclear power plant is planned to be built in Ülken, Jambyl District, Almaty Region.[50]
Primary energy sources
[edit]
Kazakhstan oil, gas, coal and uranium reserves are among the ten biggest in the world.
Uranium
[edit]
Kazakhstan is the number one [51] country in the world for uranium production volumes, and it owns the world second biggest uranium reserves after Australia (around 1.5 million tons or nearly 19% of the explored reserves of uranium in the world).[52][53] In 2012 Kazakhstan produced 20,900 metric tons of uranium, of which 11,900 metric tons were produced by Kazatomprom, a state-owned holding company (2011: 19,450 total / 11,079 Kazatomprom).[54] Kazatomprom also represents Kazakhstan in the joint ventures with Russian Tekhsnabexport, French AREVA and Canadian Cameco.
All of produced uranium is going for export as the country's only nuclear power plant in Aktau was shut down in June 1999. There is a plan to build a new 1,500 MW nuclear plant in the southeast of Kazakhstan, near Lake Balkash.[55]
According to the mayor, Kyzylorda is planning to produce two-thirds of Kazakhstan's uranium by 2015.[56]
In 2014, Kazakhstan and the IAEA would sign an agreement to establish a low-enriched uranium fuel bank. The bank would be a place for countries to contribute uranium and disperse it to other nations safely for energy means with the IAEA being the governing body.[57]
In August 2013, IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano visited Kazakhstan to further discussions on the fuel bank and praised Kazakhstan's contribution to nuclear non-proliferation.[58]
In 2012, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said during a meeting with Kazakhstan's Foreign Minister Erlan Idrissov in Washington, "We view Kazakhstan not only as a regional player, but also as a global leader. Few countries can be compared to Kazakhstan in terms of its experience in non-proliferation."[59]
Kazakhstan announced in January 2017 that the country was planning to cut its production of uranium by 10% due to a global oversupply of the commodity. According to Kazatomprom, state-owned uranium company and global production leader, even with the announced output cuts, Kazakhstan will continue to be the world’s No.1 uranium producer.[60]
Electricity
[edit]
The Law on Electricity was adopted in July 2004. Another basic act regulating electricity market is the Law on Natural Monopolies, which was last amended in December 2004. The market regulator is the Agency for Regulation of Natural Monopolies (ANMR).
Kazakhstan's electricity system includes 71 power plants with total installed capacity of 18,572 MW.[61] the largest power plant is a coal-fired AES Ekibastuz GRES-2 in north-central Kazakhstan.
86.5% of electric power generation has been privatized. The government does not regulate prices for electricity, and consumers have free choice among providers of electric power (currently there is 15 licensed electricity traders).[62] Transmission system is owned and operated by the state-owned company KEGOC. As of 1 January 2006, the total length of transmission lines was 23,383 km.[61] There are 18 regional distribution (sale) companies. Government regulates transmission and distribution tariffs.
Renewable energy
[edit]
Kazakhstan possesses 5 operational hydroelectric plants which provide roughly 12% of the electricity generation. The majority of the facilities are located on the Irtysh River. Other renewables are largely undeveloped although Kazakhstan has potential in renewable energy resources. Renewable energy sources could be particularly attractive in isolated rural areas.
Wind
[edit]
A planned 100 MW wind farm, one of the largest in Central Asia, is expected to be constructed in 2020 in Zhanatas with funding support from the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.[63][64]
Nuclear energy
[edit]
Main article: Nuclear power in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan currently has no nuclear power generation capacity, as the Aktau nuclear reactor, the country's only nuclear power plant, was shut down in June 1999. However, there is currently a plan to build a new 1,500 MW nuclear plant in the southeast of Kazakhstan, near Lake Balkash.[55]
Energy transportation
[edit]
Kazakhstan's oil pipeline system is operated by KazTransOil which was formed in 1997 when the two previous oil pipeline companies were combined. It is owed 100% by KazMunaiGaz which is also the owner of KazTransGaz which along with KazRosGaz are the two principle gas transportation companies. KazRosGaz is a joint venture between KazMunaiGaz and Gazprom which is involved in the export and trade of gas with Russia.
Oil pipelines
[edit]
Main oil export routes are the Caspian Pipeline Consortium and the Atyrau-Samara oil pipeline to Russia, and Kazakhstan-China oil pipeline to China. Kazakhstan is also a transit country for the Omsk (Russia) -Pavlodar (Kazakhstan) -Shymkent - Türkmenabat (Turkmenistan) pipeline. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline and Neka in Iran could be supplied by oil tankers. In addition, for the export to neighboring countries the rail transport is used.[18]
The Kazakhstan oil infrastructure is considered to be in poor condition which has constrained possible exports. Currently exports excluding the Caspian Pipeline Consortium is limited to 500,000 bbl/d (79,000 m3/d). Kazakhstan is also further hampered as the oil pipeline infrastructure is not set up to transport oil from the producing assets in the west to the main refineries located in the east of the country. The CPC provides an important outlet for Kazakhstan oil and it is expected that it will be up graded so as to export close to 15,000,000 bbl/d (2,400,000 m3/d).
Natural gas pipelines
[edit]
The natural gas trunk pipeline system stretches 10,138 kilometers.[28] The major transit pipelines are the Central Asia-Center gas pipeline system and the Bukhara-Urals pipeline, which transport natural gas from Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan to Russia, and Orenburg-Novopskov pipeline and Soyuz pipeline from Orenburg processing plant to Europe. The Gazli-Bishkek pipeline transports natural gas from Uzbekistan to Kyrgyzstan. The Central Asia-Center and the Bukhara-Urals pipelines as also the Bukhara-Tashkent-Bishkek-Almaty pipeline are also main import pipelines. The main gas export goes to Orenburg processing plant in Russia. The export to Russia goes also through the Central Asia-Center and the Bukhara-Urals pipelines.[30] There is plan to build a natural gas pipeline to China.[29] To supply this pipeline, the Ishim (Rudny)-Petropavlovsk-Kokshetau-Astana pipeline is planned.[30]
International cooperation
[edit]
In general, various international organizations have played an important role in advising and assisting Kazakhstan's government in its energy sector reform and natural resource management.[11]
Kazakhstan - the European Union
[edit]
Kazakhstan signed the European Energy Charter on December 17, 1991, the nation's first day of independence from the former Soviet Union.[65] On 4 December 2006, Kazakhstan and the European Union signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), which sets the framework for deeper energy cooperation. The memorandum establishes road maps on energy security and industrial cooperation. It was accompanied by a co-operation agreement to develop nuclear trade.[66][67]
Kazakhstan - Russia
[edit]
Kazakhstan and Russia have close cooperation on energy issues. On 3 October 2006 during the presidents' meeting in Oral, Kazakhstan and Russia agreed to set up a gas-condensate-processing joint venture between Gazprom and KazMunayGas in Orenburg, which will be supplied from the Karachaganak field.[68] The gas supply agreement was signed on 10 May 2007 in Astana.[citation needed]
On 7 December 2006, the Kazakhstan's Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Baktykozha Izmukhambetov and the chief of the Russian Federal Atomic Energy Agency Sergei Kiriyenko signed an agreement, in which Russia pledged to assist Kazakhstan in its nuclear program in return for shipments of uranium from Kazakhstan to Russia, where the uranium will be enriched. In addition, President of Kazatomprom Moukhtar Dzhakishev, and director of Russian uranium trader Tekhsnabexport Vladimir Smirnov signed a deal in which Tekhsnabexport will provide information regarding construction, transportation and logistics to help Kazakhstan develop its nuclear program. Russia already agreed earlier in 2006 to help Kazakhstan build two nuclear power plants.[69] On 10 May 2007, Russia and Kazakhstan agreed to set up an international uranium enrichment center in Angarsk, East Siberia. The center is planned to come on stream in 2013.[citation needed]
On 12 May 2007, Vladimir Putin of Russia, Nursultan Nazarbayev of Kazakhstan and Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow of Turkmenistan signed an agreement providing for Central Asian gas to be exported to Europe through the reconstructed and expanded western branch of the Central Asia-Center gas pipeline system.[70][71]
Kazakhstan - Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI)
[edit]
On October 17, 2013 the International Board of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) designated Kazakhstan “EITI Compliant”.[72]
Clare Short, Chair of the EITI Board said, “Kazakhstan has reached an important milestone by becoming a full member of the EITI family. I hope that all parties will now work to ensure that this increase in transparency will lead to reform in the management of the extractive industries, bringing real benefits to the people of Kazakhstan and providing leadership in other countries in the region.”[73]
Kazakhstan - IAEA
[edit]
Kazakhstan and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) cooperated on several projects related to nuclear energy, agriculture, nuclear security, research, and others. Kazakhstan contributed to such projects of the IAEA as the development of nuclear power infrastructure and strengthening nuclear forensics. Kazakhstan also provided US $100 000 in extrabudgetary contributions for the renovation of the IAEA’s nuclear applications research laboratories.[74]
Low Enriched Uranium Bank
[edit]
References
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KazMunayGas plans to increase gas production
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KazMunayGas JSC (KMG, Kazakhstan's national oil and gas company) plans to increase gas production, as stated in a statement of the Chairman of the Board of KMG Magzum Mirzagaliyev, published by the press service of the joint-stock company, Trend.az reports.
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"In addition to active geological exploration and stabilization of oil production levels, the company’s priority is to increase gas production and its commercialization. KMG is actively working to explore and launch new fields. We understand the importance of gas production for Kazakhstan. Consumption in the country is growing rapidly. Therefore, we have now begun developing the company’s Gas Strategy, within the framework of which it is planned to increase gas production from both operating and exploration assets," he said.
As Mirzagaliyev noted, at the moment, the growth potential, according to KMG estimates, could amount to an additional 6.7 billion cubic meters of gas per year by 2030, excluding large projects (Tengiz, Karachaganak, Kashagan).
"Last year, we already launched three new gas fields: Rozhkovskoye in the West Kazakhstan region, Aksay Yuzhny in the Kyzylorda region and Eastern Urikhtau in the Aktobe region," he said.
According to him, in addition to the listed projects, the Gas Strategy includes the Central Urikhtau field with a production potential of up to 900 million cubic meters of gas per year, the Western Prorva and Kalamkas fields (up to 1.1 billion cubic meters per year).
"KMG is also implementing exploration projects that could potentially increase the level of natural gas production: the Karaton Podsolevoy and Turgay Paleozoy areas, where, as I have already noted, exploration wells are planned to be drilled in 2024," Mirzagaliyev noted.
Meanwhile, the volume of oil and gas condensate production by KazMunayGas amounted to 23.5 million tons (486,000 barrels per day) in 2023. The volume of oil and gas condensate production grew by 6.5 percent from 2022.
At the same time, natural and related gas output climbed by 14.8 percent over the reporting period, reaching 9.45 billion cubic meters.
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Caspian Investor volume 18, issue 5 May 2015 / Business intelligence on project developments, financing, politics, legislation, taxes, and transportation issues affecting Russia and the CIS
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[
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] | null |
[
"Denis Dyomkin",
"lu-lv.academia.edu"
] |
2015-06-17T00:00:00
|
a story about Russia’s planned oil-for-goods barter deal with Iran
|
https://www.academia.edu/13055896/Caspian_Investor_volume_18_issue_5_May_2015_Business_intelligence_on_project_developments_financing_politics_legislation_taxes_and_transportation_issues_affecting_Russia_and_the_CIS
|
Following the successful implementation of the oil strategy, Azerbaijan began to define strategic objectives in relation to gas export policy. Currently, Azerbaijan is the only country in the region exporting gas to the international markets (Turkey, Russia, Georgia). For this reason, it is seen as " the provider and participant " of Southern Gas Corridor by EU. In this direction, Azerbaijan aims to be the country of an important and strategic natural gas exporter. From Shahdeniz field to the end European user, it targets to take part in the every ring of the value chain. These assumptions bring Azerbaijan to the position of a remarkable natural gas supplier for the export of large amount of gas to the European markets through Nabucco West. The implementation of the project with financial and technical capabilities of Azerbaijan and Turkey has made it a project to be realized between Turkey-Azerbaijan. TANAP means Turkey and Azerbaijan will emerge together in the European market for energy transportation. Along with Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan and Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum, TANAP has reinforced Turkey's position as a necessary energy corridor in delivering the energy resources of the Caspian Sea to the Western markets. In this paper, expected strategic and economic outcomes of TANAP are analyzed.
The Caspian Basin has been one of the most important geopolitical scenes since the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The historical development of the basin in the last decade and a half provides us with some important clues about the dynamics of the new energy geopolitics. This article aims to examine geopolitical events that have occurred in connection with the hydrocarbon riches of the basin from a historical perspective. The focus of the article is mainly on the energy upstream and midstream projects developed between Turkey and the Caspian states, especially Azerbaijan. These significant events are investigated as part of nine “game” concepts. After examining these games thoroughly, the winners are listed according to their degrees with a discussion of results and possible conclusions.
The Caspian region is considered to be one of the next oil and gas frontiers. Along with the re-distribution of political power and the emergence of new balances after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the continuous waves of change also have had significant effects on the prospects for development of energy resources in the region. The objective of this study is to develop a model in order to understand and predict the outcome of the policies of the major actors (governments and companies) in the development and marketing of Caspian Sea energy resources. More specifically, the purpose is to identify the principal factors and their interactions in selecting export routes for the energy resources of the Caspian Basin. My hypothesis in this study is that political factors are dominant in the region. In the final analysis, the political process is more important than economics in determining which pipeline is to be built. The principal inputs to the development of the model will be detailed analyses of; (1) the development of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline project, and (2) the determination of the export route for Kazakhstan’s giant Kashagan offshore oil field. Such a predictive model can then be applied to other countries in the region, or other similar resource-rich regions of the world. After studying the developments leading to BTC’s success, the promising oil and gas developments in Kazakhstan shall be examined. How will the Kashagan oil field be developed? What alternatives are available to the Kazakh government other than the Russian oil pipeline network? With regard to this question, I put forward the most likely outcome. My methodology will modify Bruce Bueno de Mesquita’s (BDM) model of predicting political events in an attempt to find an answer to the abovementioned central question. Applicability of the BDM model will be tested in the context of energy development, which is different from the original and traditional fields of application for this model.
The Southern Gas Corridor is a system of three complementary gas pipeline projects controlled by Azerbaijan and Turkey, each at a different stage of implementation. The crisis in EU-Russia relations over Ukraine has made the two players interested in the Southern Gas Corridor once again. Brussels views it as an opportunity for a genuine diversification of gas supplies and a way to reinforce its position against Russia. In turn, Moscow’s proposal for Turkey and Greece to join the Turkish Stream gas pipeline project changes the energy map of the regional projects, which indirectly affects the Southern Gas Corridor. This has raised concern in Azerbaijan, which has been making efforts to manoeuvre between the interests of Moscow and Brussels.
While political leaders continue to paint the corridor’s prospects after 2021-22 in very bright colours, the market dynamics – in the Caspian region itself, in the Caucasus and Turkey, and in Europe – are less promising. The commercial conditions for the southern corridor’s success have deteriorated as political support for it has grown. This paper argues that, up to 2030, the corridor will most likely remain an insubstantial contributor to Europe’s gas balance. It considers the potential sources of supply for the southern corridor (Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, and others including Iran, Kurdistan, and the East Mediterranean); demand and transport issues in the Caucasus and Turkey that will influence the corridor’s future development; and the conditions under which southern corridor gas will compete with other supply in the European market.
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https://www.rigzone.com/news/oil_gas/a/104420/cnpc_inks_new_og_deal_with_kazakhstan/
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en
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CNPC Inks New O&G Deal with Kazakhstan
|
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"Dow Jones Newswires"
] |
2011-02-23T07:26:00+00:00
|
CNPC and KazMunaiGas have signed a new O&G cooperation agreement to tap natural gas resources from Kazakhstan.
|
en
|
https://www.rigzone.com/news/oil_gas/a/104420/cnpc_inks_new_og_deal_with_kazakhstan/
|
SHANGHAI (Dow Jones Newswires), Feb. 23, 2011
China National Petroleum Corp. and Kazakhstan national oil and gas company KazMunaiGas signed a new oil and gas cooperation agreement Tuesday during the Kazakhstan president's state visit to China, said CNPC.
The move marks the latest effort by China to tap natural gas resources from Kazakhstan, CNPC's main oil and gas production base in Central Asia, to meet robust domestic demand for the cleaner-burning fuel. China has been by far the biggest foreign investor in Kazakhstan's oil and gas industry over the last few years.
The two companies will establish an equally-held joint venture to explore and develop the Urikhtau gas field in Kazakhstan, with gas produced at the field to be transported via the China-Kazakhstan natural gas pipeline, CNPC said in its inhouse newsletter.
Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev arrived in Beijing Monday for a three-day state visit.
CNPC and KazMunaiGas in December began construction on the second phase of the China-Kazakhstan pipeline project, which will link western Kazakhstan with the Central Asia Gas Pipeline.
The 1,475-kilometer pipeline in Kazakhstan will have annual transmission capacity of 10 billion cubic meters, which could be expanded to 15 billion cubic meters.
By Feb. 15, China had received 5.8 billion cubic meters of gas via the Central Asia Gas Pipeline, which ultimately connects to Turkmenistan, CNPC has said.
CNPC has also said that its oil and gas production in Kazakhstan reached a record 30 million metric tons of oil equivalent last year and that it plans to double the transmission capacity of the crude-oil pipeline linking the two countries to 20 million metric tons a year, or 401,600 barrels a day, by 2013.
Copyright (c) 2011 Dow Jones & Company, Inc.
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http://www.investkz.com/en/journals/88/749.html
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Kazakhstan�s Oil & Gas Industry. Reserves, Production, Investment
|
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Elvira Dzhantureyeva, Ph.D in Technical Sciences, Head of Mineral Production Results Analysis Service of RCGI Kazgeoinform under the Committee for Geology and Mineral Production, Ministry of Industry and New Technologies
The progress Kazakhstan has made in the development of its oil and gas fields laid the foundation for the dynamic growth of Kazakhstan’s economy. However, the President has set a new goal in creating a more effective management system to maintain sustainable production and export of hydrocarbon resources up to 2050. In our traditional annual review, we have presented the main figures and trends of development of the domestic oil industry over the last 13 years.
Kazakhstan’s favorable investment climate and enormous resource potential has attracted major players on the global energy market to Kazakhstan’s oil and gas industry and today companies from the U.S., Russia, China, the EU and other countries are successfully operating in the industry. In many respects, it is the foreign partners that have allowed putting rapidly into production Kazakhstan’s major hydrocarbon fields, such as Tengiz and Karachaganak. Projects involving foreign companies account for about 60% of investments made in the sector over the last ten years.
At the same time, in its policy of today, the government of Kazakhstan relies on expanding the role of the state in oil and gas projects, greater transparency in foreign investors’ activities, and enhanced responsibility of foreign investors in the social sector and local content. New conditions require that our partners articulate more clearly their investment strategies taking into account the interests of Kazakhstan as the oil-producing state and its long-term development goals.
At present, the share of Kazakhstan in the world's hydrocarbon reserves is about 3%. For this indicator, we rank ninth globally after (in ascending order) Libya, Russia, Venezuela, United Arab Emirates, Iran, Kuwait, and Iraq. Holding more than 25% of the world’s hydrocarbon reserves, Saudi Arabia remains the leader in the global rankings of oil powers.
As of January 1, 2013 the state balance sheets had a record of recoverable reserves on 244 oilfields (about 5 billion tons), 220 gas deposits (365 facilities, 1.6 trillion m3), 180 dissolved gas deposits (227 facilities, 2.3 trillion m3), and 61 oil and gas condensate fields (about 360 million tons). The probable reserves reach more than 17 billion tons of oil and 146 trillion m3 of gas.
Speaking of the growth in the reserves, in 2000–2012 it amounted to 1,935.1 billion tons of oil, 126.6 billion m3 of gas, and 26.5 million tons of condensate. While the production during this period reached, respectively, 748.3 million tons, 342.2 billion m3, and 56.3 million tons (Charts 1 and 2). Therefore, the increase in crude oil reserves exceeds their consumption by nearly three times, while the gas and condensate production rates retain the reverse trend.
In general, the growth in the oil reserves was provided in 2003 owing to the Kashagan field while in 2005 it was provided by the Karaman-Dybas, Karakuduk, and Kashagan (re-estimation) fields, in 2008 by the Kozhasai, Kalamkas-Sea, Arystanovskoe, and Kayran fields, in 2010 by the Akshabulak Center, Kondybai, Zhangurshi, Tasym, Tamdykol, Mortuk, East, Tengiz and others, and in 2012 by the Akkar East, South-West Karabulak, Bashenkol, Novobogat SE, Chinarevskoe, Kashagan and Urikhtau fields.
As for gas and condensate, the main increase in their reserves was provided in 2005 by the Tolkyn field, in 2008 by the Kozhasai, Kalamkas-Sea and Chinarevskoe fields, and in 2010 by Mortuk East and Tasym.
It should be noted that 71% of the oil reserves (in A + B + C1 and C2 categories) are accounted for by two major producers. North Caspian Operating Company accounts for 45% of the reserves and Tengizchevroil for 26%. Mangistaumunaigas, CNPC-Aktobemunaigas, Ozenmunaigas, and Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV have 3% each. Embamunaigas owns 2%. Buzachi Operating LTD, Kazakhoil Aktobe, and Karazhanbasmunai have 1% each. The remaining medium and small mineral producing companies own only 10%. And two more per cent of the reserves are free of mineral production and are in the general fund of reserves.
In turn, the largest reserves of free gas (plus a gas cap) are held by CNPC-Aktobemunaigas (17%), Mangistaumunaigas (11%), Urihtauoperating (9%), North Caspian Operating Company (7%), Embamunaigas (6%), Tenge JV (5%), KazMunaiTeniz (4%), Amangeldy Munai Gas Ltd. (4%), Zhaikmunaigas JV (3%), KazGPZ Ltd (3%), etc. Another 18% is distributed between smaller mineral producers, and 7% forms the general fund.
The lion's share of gas condensate reserves is concentrated in the largest Karachaganak field (74%).
Compared to 2000, oil production in Kazakhstan increased by more than 2 times. For example, about 72.2 million tons were produced only last year. In the regional context, the greatest contribution of 61.5 million tons of oil (or 85% of the total oil production) was made by the companies in West Kazakhstan. These include 29 million tons produced in the Atyrau Oblast, 17.6 million tons in the Mangistau Oblast, nearly 8 million tons in the Aktobe Oblast, and 6.9 million tons in the West Kazakhstan Oblast. More 4.1 million tons were produced in the Karaganda Oblast and 6.6 million tons in the Kyzylorda Oblast (Table 1).
As for individual companies, with its 33% of total oil production Tengizchevroil is the undisputed leader in this indicator. It is followed, with a large margin, by Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV (9%), CNPC-Aktobemunaigas (8%), Mangistaumunaigas (8%), Embamunaigas (7%), Kazgermunai (4%), PetroKazakhstan Kumkol Resources (4%), Karazhanbasmunai (3%), Buzachi Operating Ltd (3%), and Karakuduk-Munai (2%). The remaining 19% is provided by other mineral producers.
With regard to gas production, by the end 2012 the country produced 32.5 billion m3 of gas (including dissolved gas) which is 3.5 times more than in 2000. The main volume of the production was provided by the Atyrau Oblast (43.7% of dissolved gas), Western Kazakhstan Oblast (35.2% of dissolved gas and 34.5% of free gas) and Mangistau Oblast (3.3% and 43.7%, respectively).
The best performance in the field of gas production was demonstrated by Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV (47%), which is also the leader in condensate production (88%). The second and third position is taken by Tengizchevroil (33%) and CNPC-Aktobemunaigas (8%).
According to forecasts, the future hydrocarbon production in Kazakhstan will be as follows: in 2013, Kazakhstan is expected to produce 73.6 million tons of crude oil, 39.2 billion m3 of gas and 4.8 million tons of condensate. In 2014, these figures are expected to be: 76 million tons, 40 billion m3 and 5 million tons, respectively, and in 2015: 85 million tons, 45 billion m3 and 5.6 million tons.
From 2000 to 2012, $134.5 billion was invested in the oil and gas industry, including $16.8 billion invested in geological exploration (GE). During this period, the amount of investment increased nearly 5-fold (Chart 3) to $13.8 billion at the end of last year, including $1.1 billion for exploration works. Up to 2013, these figures are expected to reach $15.2 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively. It should be noted that the share of investment in crude hydrocarbons now accounts for about 70% of the total investment in the development of the mineral resources sector of Kazakhstan.
Following the results of 2012, about 80% of all the investments in hydrocarbons production were made by large companies, such as North Caspian Operating Company (19%), Tengizchevroil (15%), Mangistaumunaigas (13%), Karachaganak Petroleum Operating B.V. (6%), CNPC-Aktobemunaigas (8%), PetroKazakhstan Kumkol Resources (4%), Kazakhoil Aktobe (2%), Karazhanbasmunai (3%), Zhaikmunai (4%), Buzachi Operating Ltd (3%), and others.
It should be emphasized that the investment activity of the mineral producers contributes to social and economic development of the country. Over the past 13 years, companies in the oil sector directed over $2 billion to the social welfare of regions and local infrastructure. And about $1billion was directed for training of Kazakhstani personnel working on a contractual basis. The number of the employees working on contracts increased to 48 thousand from 32 thousand (Chart 4).
One of the main challenges for sustainable development of the oil and gas industry in Kazakhstan is the lack of a special legislative act to regulate matters relating to the prevention of contamination of the marine environment with oil while taking into consideration the state’s and mineral producers’ interests.
There is no concept of “oil spill” in the current law that regulates relations in the sphere of use of mineral resources in the course of oil operations, including offshore and inland water operations. Moreover, the law does not define the mechanism for the state and mineral developer to interact in the event of an oil spill at sea. Meanwhile, elimination of oil spills should be started at a very early stage to improve the efficiency of operations and reduce environmental damage.
Taking into account the importance of the issue, a draft law has currently been developed to complement the Law on Minerals and Mineral Production with a new article whereby the definition is given to the term “oil spill in the sea “. The Act provides that the subsoil user approve plans to prevent and eliminate oil spills and enter into a contract with a specialized organization with operations in this area.
Another aspect of the problem of oil spill is the availability of sufficient financial funds of the user of mineral resources. As international experience shows, when a major oil spill occurs, the damage to the environment and the costs of clean-up activities may reach several billion dollars. In this context, the state is directly interested in the availability of sufficient funds from subsoil use to eliminate accidents and compensate for damages.
Currently, when choosing an insurance limit, the user of mineral resources is often guided by considerations of cost savings for insurance coverage which can result in inadequate measures of responsibility and incomplete coverage. In this regard, the draft law provides for the obligation of the user of mineral resources to create a special fund to accumulate funds in the event of oil spills.
Today, Kazakhstan has successfully developed oil-producing projects in the Caspian Sea. So, for example, the first confirmation of the presence of hydrocarbon resources has been achieved for Zhemchuzhina (Pearl) Project’s areas where NC KazMunayGas, Shell and Omanoil have been conducting explorations under the work program. According to the results of the exploration work the presence of oil-and-gas has also been proved for the Khazar and Auezov structures.
Although the Satpayev and Zhambyl blocks are only at the initial stage of exploration, they also expect confirmation of significant hydrocarbon reserves. In the near future the national operator jointly with the Norwegian Statoil will begin exploration at the Abai block and a bit later with Russian Gazprom and LUKOIL at the Khvalynskoe and Central blocks.
In addition, a number of large projects are planned to go into operation while the existing projects will expand oil production. This will significantly increase Kazakhstan’s oil export potential. First of all, this is a new phase of development of the giant Kashagan field where, as planned, the production of hydrocarbons will reach about 15 million tons by 2015, and 65 million tons by 2020.
Great prospects are associated with the increased production capacity at the Tengiz field as part of the Future Growth Project. Its cost is estimated at $15–20 billion, and after its completion in 2016–2017 it will provide an opportunity to increase oil production at the field from 25.9 to 36 million tons. The Future Growth Project proceeds from the success of the recently completed Sour Gas Injection and Second Generation Plant Project.
Currently, the Ministry of Oil and Gas and Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV are negotiating the terms and conditions of approval and parameters of the third phase of the Karachaganak gas condensate field. In total, its development is divided into four phases; two of them have already been completed. In particular, the processing facility has been commissioned to export liquid hydrocarbons via the CPC. A multi-plant Unit 2 for re-injection of gas into the reservoir has been built (it uses the newest technology to reduce the impact on the environment while increasing several times the recovery from the field as compared to traditional methods). About 100 wells have been commissioned, and 635-kilometer Karachaganak – Bolshoy Chagan – Atyrau export pipeline has been built to connect the oilfield with the CPC. The total investment has exceeded $4 billion. As a result, the production of liquid hydrocarbons and natural gas from the Karachaganak field has almost doubled.
As part of the third phase, CPC will introduce a number of additional facilities, including a gas processing plant with export pipeline (the so-called “gas complex”). This will provide a significant increase in supply of hydrocarbons and also exports from Kazakhstan of not only primary products but also high-tech compounds derived from hydrocarbons. The third stage of development of the Karachaganak field and expansion of the CPC are the two most important current challenges that Kazakhstan faces in the oil and gas sector.
As for the second phase of the Kashagan field, its realization can be deferred until 2018–2019 which in turn will affect the beginning of implementation of the Caspian pipeline transportation system project. Delay is costly although this will not affect the timing of the start of commercial production of oil in the first phase. Recall that while approving the timing, Kazakhstan increased its stake in the project from 8% to 16.8% and obtained from the consortium of foreign companies royalty payments, which were absent in the original agreement. In accordance with the agreement, if commercial production from the field is outside the 31st of December 2013, Kazakhstan will not reimburse for the expenses of the consortium. The government and the consortium have also agreed to the stability of the tax regime for the Kashagan development contract.
Thus, by 2020, production will begin from a number of fields in the Caspian shelf. In particular, by this time, the Hazar field is planned to produce annually 987 thousand tons of crude oil while the Kalamkas-Sea field will produce 675 tons, Auezov 416 thousand tons, Rakushechnoye-Sea 816 tons, and the block N will produce 453 tons. It should be emphasized that the dominant share of this oil will be exported, mainly to Europe.
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative
The purpose of the EITI, which has been implemented in Kazakhstan since 2005, is to ensure transparency in the management of natural resources of the country and disclosure of government revenue from the extractive industries. The mechanism of the standard is that upstream companies shall publish information about payments and the government shall publish the amount of the revenue. This data shall be compared to the annual report of the National EITI and accompanied by an international expert assessment. In order to coordinate the Initiative tasks, the National Stakeholders Council has been created with Deputy Prime Minister Kairat Kelimbetov as chairman. It is composed of deputies of the Majilis of the Parliament, representatives of ministries and departments, minerals developers of the oil and mining industries, and civil society activists. All decisions on the implementation of the EITI are accepted by the National Council on the basis of consensus.
To consolidate the Initiative at the legislative level, the relevant changes have been introduced to the Law on Minerals and Mineral Production to define responsibilities of users of mineral resources with the terms of the Memorandum of Understanding on the Initiative. In the period from 2005 to 2012 seven National EITI reports have already been written. They are available at the website of the Committee of Geology and Subsoil use of the RK MINT (geology.kz), as well as at the International EITI website (eiti.org).
To ensure the successful implementation of the Initiative, Kazakhstan took an active part in the sixth EITI Global Conference held in Sydney, Australia. The national and regional conferences and round tables are regularly held with the participation of members of the National Council, government agencies, international organizations and media. On the 9th of October, 2013 the fifth National EITI Conference will be held in Astana as part of the VIII Eurasian Energy Forum KAZENERGY.
According to the requirements of the EITI International Board, this year Kazakhstan conducted validation (assessment by an independent expert whether the country complies with EITI international standards) and prepared the relevant Validation Report. Currently, the country is expecting from the EITI International Board to determine its status as an EITI Compliant. An advanced plan has been prepared for the implementation of the EITI plan for the post-validation period in accordance with the new EITI rules.
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https://www.kmg.kz/en/press-center/press-releases/pr-KMG-2023/
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JSC NC KazMunayGas 2023 Trading Update
|
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2024-02-27T00:00:00
|
Joint-stock (JSC) National Company (NC) KazMunayGas (“KMG” or “Company”), Kazakhstan's national oil and gas company, announces its operating full year results for 2023.
|
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
| null |
Joint-stock (JSC) National Company (NC) KazMunayGas (“KMG” or “Company”), Kazakhstan's national oil and gas company, announces its operating full year results for 2023.
Magzum Mirzagaliyev, Chairman of the Management Board of KMG:
“The company successfully continues its strategic course and achieves planned goals, the implementation of which is in the interests of all KMG stakeholders, including shareholders and investors, employees and partners, regions of operations and the country as a whole.
As part of the initiative to increase gas production at operating and exploration assets, we managed to launch three new fields in the reporting year. In May, we launched the Aksai Yuzhny field, in early December the Vostochny Urikhtau field, and completed 2023 with the commissioning of the Rozhkovskoye field.
At the end of November 2023, the deal to acquire a 60% stake from the French TotalEnergies in the Dunga oil and gas field, located in the Mangistau region, was completed. Oil production at the field for the reporting year amounted to 547 thous. tonnes, of which KMG’s share since entering the project is 40 thous. tonnes.
As part of the development of the trans-Caspian international transport route, we have started transporting oil towards Baku and further to the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, through which about 1 mln tonnes were shipped in 2023. Also, as part of the diversification of routes, we began transporting oil through the Atyrau-Samara oil pipeline and further through Transneft pipelines in the direction of Germany. At the end of 2023, we supplied about 1 mln tonnes of oil to Germany.
A significant event in January of the reporting year was the creation of a joint venture with partners from the United Arab Emirates, the Abu Dhabi Ports company, and the acquisition of two tankers Taraz and Liwa with a deadweight of 8 thous. tonnes. They are already involved in transporting Kazakh oil in the Caspian Sea.
Also, among the strategic goals, the Company systematically implements the planned tasks in the field of sustainable development, including its low-carbon development programme. For example, we are completing a feasibility study on the Mirny wind farm project with a capacity of 1 GW with Total Eren. Tender procedures for the selection of a contractor for the construction of facilities are planned for the hybrid power plant with Eni this year."
Highlights for 2023 compared to 2022:
KMG's proven and probable hydrocarbon reserves (2P) increased by 3.7% and amounted to 733 mln tonnes of oil equivalent;
Oil and gas condensate production increased by 6.9% and amounted to 23,532 thous. tonnes;
Oil transportation volumes increased by 7.6% and amounted to 80,359 thous. tonnes;
Hydrocarbons refining volumes at the Kazakh and Romanian refineries amounted to 19,593 thous. tonnes compared to 19,900 thous. tonnes.
2023 (net to KMG) 2022 (net to KMG) % Proved plus Probable (2P), mln. toe 733 707 +3.7% Oil production, thous. tonnes 23,532 22,012 +6.9% Gas production, mln m³ 9,459 8,241 +14.8% Oil transportation, thous. tonnes 80,359 74,658 +7.6% Oil refining, thous. tonnes 19,593 19,900 -1.5%
Operating results are represented in accordance with KMG's ownership interest in joint ventures and associates and 100% of results for consolidated subsidiaries, unless otherwise stated.
Hydrocarbon reserves
According to reserves report prepared in compliance with international PRMS standards by the international independent firm DeGolyer&MacNaughton, KMG’s proved plus probable hydrocarbon reserves (2P) amounted to 733 mln tonnes of oil equivalent (5,680 mln boe) as of 31 December 2023. Compared to 2022, the level of 2P reserves increased by 3.7%. The growth in indicators was due to the actual measures taken to increase the volume of geological and technical measures, drilling wells and changing development plans aimed at replenishing production at operating assets, as well as clarifying the development plans at Kashagan and Karachaganak fields.
Net reserves under PRMS as of 31 December 2023
Reserves, mln toe 2023 (net to KMG) 2022 (net to KMG) % Proved (1P) 507 486 +4.4% Proved plus Probable (2P) 733 707 +3.7% Proved plus Probable plus Possible (3P) 842 816 +3.3%
Reserves, mln boe 2023 (net to KMG) 2022 (net to KMG) % Proved (1P) 3,943 3,775 +6.7% Proved plus Probable (2P) 5,680 5,478 +3.7% Proved plus Probable plus Possible (3P) 6,502 6,294 +3.3%
Upstream
Oil and gas condensate production volume for 2023 amounted to 23,532 thous. tonnes (486 kbopd) representing an increase of 6.9%. Production volume of associated and natural gas raised by 14.8% to 9,460 mln m³.
Oil and condensate production, thous. tonnes 2023 (net to KMG) 2022 (net to KMG) % OMG 4,877 5,096 -4.3% MMG 3,075 3,049 +0.9% EMG 2,722 2,581 +5.5% Tegniz 5,779 5,836 -1.0% Kashagan1 3,108 1,402 +121.8% Karachaganak 1,086 1,013 +7.1% Others 2,885 3,036 -5.0% Total 23,532 22,012 +6.9%
1 KMG’s share in the project increased to 16.88% after 15 September 2022
Oil production at Tengiz decreased by 1.0% and amounted to 5,779 thous. tonnes (126 kbopd). The decrease in production was due to the suspension of oil intake from the CPC oil intake system during scheduled maintenance of the oil pipeline and shutdowns of the marine terminal due to adverse weather conditions in the fourth quarter of 2023. Associated gas production decreased by 0.9%, and amounted to 3,202 mln m3.
Oil production at Kashagan for the share of KMG amounted to 3,108 thous. tonnes (68 kbopd), showing an increase of 121.8%, gas production amounted to 1,963 mln m3, an increase of 123.8%. The increase in production was mainly due to an increase in KMG's share in the project from 8.44% to 16.88% as a result of the completion of the transaction for the repurchase of a 50% stake in KMG Kashagan BV from Samruk-Kazyna in September 2022, as well as due to the shutdown of production in the summer of 2022 and capital and restoration work repairs of marine and land complexes.
Oil and condensate production at Karachaganak increased by 7.1% and amounted to 1,086 thous. tonnes (23 kbopd). Gas production increased by 15.1% and amounted to 2,239 mln m3. The increase in the possibility of receiving sour gas from the Orenburg Gas Processing Plant led to an increase in oil and condensate production.
The volume of oil and condensate production at operating assets decreased by 1.5% to 13,559 thous. tonnes (269 kbopd). Emergency power outages and capacity limitations by the Mangystau Nuclear Power Plant (MAEK) from July to September of the reporting year significantly affected the decline in production at the Ozenmunaigas fields and a number of other fields. Also, a decrease in production was observed in mature fields as a result of a natural drop in production. At the same time, the decline was partially offset by an increase in oil production at Embamunaigas, where successful geological and technical measures were carried out at mature fields and the Eastern Wing of the S. Nurzhanov field and the UAZ Severnoye were put into development.
In November 2023, the acquisition of KMG from TotalEnergies EP Danmark A/S (a subsidiary of TotalEnergies S.E.) of 100% of shares in the authorized capital of Total E&P Dunga GmbH, which owns the right of subsurface use in the Dunga project, was completed. Thus, KMG's share in the Dunga subsoil use project became 60%. The Dunga oil and gas field is located in the Tupkaragan district of the Mangystau region. The deposit was discovered in 1966. Geological reserves amount to 93 mln tonnes of oil and more than 7 bln cubic meters of gas.
Three gas projects were launched in the reporting year. On May 10, 2023, Kazgermunai began supplying gas from the Aksai Yuzhny field. The field is being developed by Kazgermunai, where JSC NC KazMunaiGas owns 50%.
On November 29 of the reporting year, Urikhtau Operating, with 100% KMG participation, commissioned the East Urikhtau field, which was the first in the Republic of Kazakhstan to use the Improved Model Contract.
On December 21, 2023, Ural Oil and Gas, 50% of which belongs to KMG, put into commercial operation the Rozhkovskoye gas condensate field in the West Kazakhstan region.
Midstream
The total volume of oil trunk pipelines and sea transportation increased by 7.6% to 80,359 thous. tonnes.
Oil transportation1, thous. tonnes 2023 (100%) 2023 (net to KMG) 2022 (net to KMG) % Oil transportation1, thous. tonnes 2023 (100%) 2023 (net to KMG) 2022 (net to KMG) % KazTransOil 44,188 44,188 40,656 +8.7% Kazakhstan-China Pipeline 18,806 9,403 9,618 -2.2% MunaiTas2 5,527 2,819 2,859 -1.4% Caspian Pipeline Consortium 63,474 13,171 12,183 +8.1% Kazmortransflot 10,778 10,778 9,343 +15.4% Total - 80,359 74,658 +7.6% 1 Part of the volume of oil can be transported by two or three pipeline companies, and correspondingly these volumes are counted more than once in the consolidated volume of oil transportation. 2 MunaiTas is an equity-consolidated joint venture and transportation volumes are quoted at a 51% ownership interest.
The volume of oil transportation through trunk pipelines increased by 6.5% and amounted to 69,581 thous. tonnes. The growth is due to an increase in the transportation of oil for export through the KazTransOil system towards Germany, the shipment of oil through the port of Aktau in the direction of Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan, as well as an increase in the delivery of oil from the Kashagan field to the CPC system.
The total volume of offshore oil transportation in the reporting year increased by 15.4% to 10,778 thous. tonnes. The increase in transportation volumes was mainly due to an increase in the export of Kazakh oil along the route Aktau port - Baku port and further along the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline.
Trading
Sales volumes of KMG's own produced oil and gas condensate increased by 7.1% and amounted to 23,695 thous. tonnes, of which 64.9% was exported.
Supplies of own produced oil and gas condensate volumes to cover the needs of the domestic market amounted to 8,311 thous. tonnes, including deliveries of crude oil from operating assets (Ozenmunaigas, Embamunaigas, Kazakhturkmunai and Urikhtau Operating) in the amount of 4,980 thous. tonnes to Atyrau, Pavlodar and Shymkent refineries for further oil refining and sales of oil products.
Downstream
Hydrocarbon refining, thous. tonnes1 2023 (net to KMG) 2022 (net to KMG) % Atyrau refinery 5,475 5,224 +4.8% Pavlodar refinery 5,434 5,480 -0.9% Shymkent refinery 2,870 3,103 -7.5% Caspi Bitum 427 461 -7.4% Petromidia 5,012 5,258 -4.7% Vega 374 373 +0.4% Total 19,593 19,900 -1.5% 1Shymkent refinery and Caspi Bitum refining volumes are indicated at a share of 50%, other refineries — 100%.
The total volume of hydrocarbon processing compared to the same period in 2022 decreased by 1.5% and amounted to 19,593 thous. tonnes:
The volume of hydrocarbon refining at Kazakh refineries decreased by 0.4% and amounted to 14,206 thous. tonnes. The reduction in processing occurred mainly at the Shymkent refinery due to a decrease in load in the middle of the reporting year on the back of unscheduled repairs of the heat exchanger at the catalytic reforming and catalyst regeneration plant. The increase in refining volumes at the Atyrau refinery partially offset the decrease in the volumes at the Shymkent refinery.
The refining volume at KMG International's plants (Petromidia, Vega) in Romania decreased by 4.3% and amounted to 5,387 thous. tonnes. The reduction in the volume of processing occurred after the incident at the soft hydrocracking plant in mid-summer 2023. Restoration work continues at the facility, the completion of which has been postponed to the end of the first quarter of 2024, due to the large volume of repair work on the restoration of reactors related to ensuring the integrity of equipment and further safe operation of the facility.
The volume of production of oil products at Kazakh and Romanian refineries decreased by 2.7% and amounted to 18,138 thous. tonnes:
Kazakhstani refineries produced 12,951 thous. tonnes of oil products, which is 1.3% less than the same period in 2022 due to a decrease in load at the Shymkent refinery;
KMG International refineries (Petromidia, Vega) produced 5.3% less of oil products with total production of 5,221 thous. tonnes compared to 5,512 thous. tonnes year-on-year.
For further information, please visit kmg.kz
Contacts: Email: ir@kmg.kz, Tel: +7 7172 78 64 34
About JSC National Company KazMunayGas:
JSC National Company KazMunayGas (KMG) is Kazakhstan's leading vertically integrated oil and gas company, operating assets across the entire production cycle from the exploration and production of hydrocarbons to transportation, refining and specialized services. Established in 2002, the company represents Kazakhstan’s interests in the national oil and gas industry.
KMG’s main assets are as follows:
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https://kz.kursiv.media/en/2023-12-08/kazakhstan-wants-to-boost-its-oil-output-by-a-quarter/
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Kazakhstan wants to boost its oil output by a quarter
|
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[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Zhanbolat Mamyshev"
] |
2023-12-08T00:00:00
|
Kazakhstan’s cabinet has approved a comprehensive plan for further development of big oil and gas projects in 2023-2027, which implies that the oil output must be boosted from the current 89 million tons per year to 105. 5 million tons by 2027.
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en
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https://cdn-kz.kursiv.media/wp-content/themes/kursiv/dist/favicon.ico
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Kursiv Media Kazakhstan
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https://kz.kursiv.media/en/2023-12-08/kazakhstan-wants-to-boost-its-oil-output-by-a-quarter/
|
Kazakhstan’s cabinet has approved a comprehensive plan for further development of big oil and gas projects in 2023-2027, which implies that the oil output must be boosted from the current 89 million tons per year to 105.5 million tons by 2027.
«The government of Kazakhstan has approved the comprehensive plan on evolving big oil and gas projects over the period from 2023 to 2027. Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov has signed the corresponding decree. According to this document, the production of oil within fields such as Tengiz, Karachaganak and Kashagan must be increased up to 105.5 million tons of oil and 82.1 cubic meters of gas by 2027,» the press service of the prime minister said in a statement.
In addition, the comprehensive plan also implies the implementation of 20 big projects in the sphere of oil and gas production, oil refinery and petrochemicals with expected investments off $37.3 billion. For instance, the government wants to build new gas-processing plants and implement three big projects in the area of oil refineries. Modernization of the Shymkent refinery by 2029 is the biggest one. The plant is expected to boost its output from six to twelve million tons per year. To provide the facility with additional crude oil, the government will facilitate works on the Kenkiyan-Atyrau and Kenkiyak-Kumkol oil pipelines. Their capacity is expected to be increased from 6 to 15 million tons and from 10 to 20 million tons per year, respectively.
The government also plans to boost Kazakhstan’s petrochemical industry with the help of the construction of the first integrated petrochemical plant designed to produce polyethylene. The plant is going to have a capacity of 1.25 million tons of product per year. It will also include a gas-absorption facility with a capacity of 9.1 billion cubic meters of gas a year. In the sphere of geological exploration, the plan covers seven different projects with total investments of $10 billion. Among the most vital projects in this sphere are the preparation to start production of the Kalamkas-Sea and Khazar oil fields; the development of the Urikhtau gas field and the Karaton-Podsolevoy exploration project.
According to Askhat Khassenov, vice minister of energy of Kazakhstan, the country is about to produce 89 million tons of oil this year compared to a plan of 90.5 million tons.
«There might be some changes. Our initial plan, designed up to the end of 2023, implied that we would produce 90.5 million tons of oil this year. However, over the first eight months of 2023, we fell behind the schedule. If nothing bad happens until the end of the year, we’ll do our best to catch up with the initial plan. We probably won’t reach 90.5 million tons but’ll produce 89 million tons of oil. That’s for sure,» he told reporters.
As the official noted, almost all big oil and gas projects currently conduct maintenance work that can affect their production results. However, if they manage to complete those overhauls earlier by several days, it will help us to bridge the gap between the plan and actual oil output.
«Even one or two days can make a difference. I mean this would help us to boost oil output. In 2023, we were supposed to produce 90.5 million tons of oil but this figure will likely decline to 89 million tons. Yes. The decline is possible,» the vice energy minister emphasized.
Last year, Kazakhstan reported 84.2 million tons of oil compared to 85.7 million tons produced in 2022. On September 23, 2023, Vice Minister of National Economy Azamat Amrin said that the country’s oil output rose by 6.6% from January to August 2023, although he didn’t provide any details in absolute figures. According to the Bureau of National Statistics under the Ministry of National Economy of Kazakhstan, over the first eight months of 2023, the country produced 56.09 million tons of oil and gas condensate.
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https://www.gem.wiki/Urikhtau_Oil_and_Gas_Project_(Kazakhstan)
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Urikhtau Oil and Gas Project (Kazakhstan)
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""
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[
"Global Energy Monitor"
] |
2024-03-20T22:38:37+00:00
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Urikhtau Oil and Gas Project is an operating oil and gas project in Kazakhstan.
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/w/resources/assets/GEMWIKIlogo_V2_favicon.png
|
Global Energy Monitor
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https://www.gem.wiki/Urikhtau_Oil_and_Gas_Project_(Kazakhstan)
|
This article is part of the Global Oil and Gas Extraction Tracker, a Global Energy Monitor project. Related categories:
Oil and gas extraction
Oil and gas pipelines
LNG terminals
Urikhtau Oil and Gas Project is an operating oil and gas project in Kazakhstan.
Urikhtau is a part of the Urikhtau Oil and Gas Project complex.
Project Details
Main Data
Table 1: Project-level project details for Urikhtau Oil and Gas Project
*Final Investment Decision Unit name Status Operator Owner Discovery year FID* year Production start year Urikhtau Operating[1] KazMunayGas[1] KazMunayGas (100.0%)[1] 1983[2] – –
Production and Reserves
Table 2: Reserves of Urikhtau Oil and Gas Project
million m³ = million cubic meters million bbl = million barrels of oil Fuel Description Reserve Classification Quantity Units Data Year Source associated gas recoverable volumes 2378.59 million m³ 2011 [2] condensate recoverable volumes 85 million bbl 2011 [2] gas recoverable volumes 39643.21 million m³ 2011 [2] oil recoverable volumes 47 million bbl 2011 [2] oil recoverable resources 265.43 million bbl 2019 [3]
Table 3: Production from Urikhtau Oil and Gas Project
million bbl/y = million barrels of oil per year Category Fuel Description Quantity Units Data Year Source production oil and gas condensate 0.0 million bbl/y 2020 [1]
Location
Table 4: project-level location details for Urikhtau Oil and Gas Project
Location Coordinates (WGS 84) Unknown, Kazakhstan No location data found
Articles and Resources
Additional data
To access additional data, including an interactive map of oil and gas extraction sites, a downloadable dataset, and summary data, please visit the Global Oil and Gas Extraction Tracker on the Global Energy Monitor website.
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https://rpi-consult.com/reports/dobycha-nefti-i-gaza/kazakhstan-s-oil-and-gas-upstream/
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Kazakhstan's Oil and Gas Upstream
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Feedback
You can ask your question about report or leave your comment in a form below.
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https://turkic.world/en/articles/kazakhstan/236096
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KazMunayGas puts into operation three new gas fields in 2023
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[
""
] | null |
[
"Sabina Mirzayeva"
] |
2024-05-04T09:45:33+04:00
|
Kazakhstan's KazMunayGas (KMG, national oil and gas company) commissioned three new gas fields in 2023 in order to increase gas supplies to the domestic market.
|
en
|
/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png?v=20230714
|
TurkicWorld
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https://turkic.world/en/articles/kazakhstan/236096
|
ASTANA, Kazakhstan, May 4. Kazakhstan's KazMunayGas (KMG, national oil and gas company) commissioned three new gas fields in 2023 in order to increase gas supplies to the domestic market, TurkicWorld reports, citing the company's annual report.
Thus, the Aksai Yuzhny, Eastern Urikhtau and Rozhkovskoye fields were put into operation.
Production at the Aksai Yuzhny gas condensate field (recoverable gas reserves of 1.7 billion cubic meters) began in May 2023. Thanks to production at this field, Kazgermunai (a joint venture with KMG participation) will additionally supply up to 100 million cubic meters of gas per year to residents of the Kyzylorda region.
The Eastern Urikhtau oil and gas field was commissioned in December 2023. The Eastern Urikhtau field (recoverable oil reserves of 4 million tons and dissolved gas of 2.2 billion cubic meters) was discovered in 2015.
There are currently six production wells in operation at the field, and there are plans to drill nine more wells, which will increase oil production to 200,000 tons per year, and associated gas production to 100 million cubic meters per year.
Moreover, in December 2023 the Rozhkovskoye gas condensate field (recoverable gas reserves of 26.9 billion cubic meters, recoverable condensate reserves of 12.5 million tons) was also put into operation. The gas condensate field was discovered in 2008 as a result of a wide range of geological exploration work.
Raw gas from the field will be supplied to the gas processing facilities of Zhaikmunai LLP, after which commercial gas will be supplied to the domestic market. When reaching full capacity, the field will produce 1 billion cubic meters of gas per year, over 500,000 tons of condensate per year.
Meanwhile, the volume of oil and gas condensate production by KazMunayGas amounted to 23.5 million tons (486,000 barrels per day) in 2023. The volume of oil and gas condensate production grew by 6.5 percent in 2022.
At the same time, natural and related gas output climbed by 14.8 percent over the reporting period, reaching 9.45 billion cubic meters.
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Chevron and QazaqGaz to Conduct Exploration Work at the Zhalibek Subsoil Site in Kazakhstan
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[
"Doug Robson",
"Saul Haslam"
] |
2024-07-10T10:48:12+00:00
|
ROGTEC Magazine – Russian Oil and Gas Technologies Magazine is Russia's and the Caspian's leading, independent, upstream publication
|
en
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ROGTEC
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https://www.rogtecmagazine.com/chevron-and-qazaqgaz-to-conduct-exploration-work-at-the-zhalibek-subsoil-site-in-kazakhstan/
|
SD UK
KDR 2024 ENG
Chevron and QazaqGaz to Conduct Exploration Work at the Zhalibek Subsoil Site in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan national company QazaqGaz and Chevron (through its subsidiary Chevron Munaygaz Inc.) signed a cooperation agreement on geological exploration work (GEW) at the Zhalibek subsoil site in the Aktobe region near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields. This was reported by the press service of QazaqGaz.
It is noted that negotiations and technical preparation for this project have been carried out over the past year. The project is being implemented with the support of the shareholder Samruk-Kazyna and the Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The signing ceremony of the agreement was held with the participation of the Chairman of the Board of Samruk-Kazyna N. Zhakupov.
The document was signed by the Chairman of the Board of QazaqGaz S. Zharkeshov and Managing Director of the Eurasian Division of Chevron D. Magness.
Theses of S. Zharkeshov:
We are pleased to begin joint work with Chevron on new gas fields;
It is expected that further geological exploration and development of a potential gas and gas condensate field in the Zhalibek subsoil area will contribute to the development of the resource base of commercial gas and the economic growth of the country in the future;
Fulfilling the instructions of the head of state (K.-Zh. Tokayev – editor’s note) to accelerate geological exploration projects in the gas industry, we are pleased to report that the potential of the gas industry of Kazakhstan is increasingly attracting international investors and transnational companies.
At the 1st stage, Chevron will reprocess the available seismic data and develop technical interpretations.
The parties consider the signed agreement as a potential start of larger-scale cooperation.
D. Magness’s keynote address:
We are pleased to strengthen our partnership with QazaqGaz on this important gas project;
Our strategic partnership with Kazakhstan has been going on for over 3 decades, and this agreement opens up new opportunities for the growth of Kazakhstan’s energy potential;
Chevron recognizes the importance of developing the gas industry and the opportunities and prospects associated with it in Kazakhstan.
Chevron in Kazakhstan
In 1993, Chevron became the first international energy company to enter Kazakhstan.
Assets:
The company owns a 50% stake in Tengizchevroil (TCO), which develops the Tengiz and Korolevskoye fields,
18% in the Karachaganak gas condensate field;
15% in CPC – Caspian Pipeline Consortium, which operates a 1,505 km pipeline system designed to export Kazakh oil to world markets;
100% in Atyrau polyethylene pipe plant.
Source
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https://ar2021.kmg.kz/en/strategic-report/operating-review/upstream
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Upstream – Operating review – Strategic report – KazMunayGas 2021 Annual Report
|
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The annual report presents the results of KazMunayGas for 2021.
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/favicon-icons/apple-touch-icon.png
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https://ar2021.kmg.kz
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Upstream
In 2021, KMG continued to honour its commitment under the OPEC+ agreement to cut production as a way to rein in global oil demand and prices.
In order to maintain social and financial stability in some regions of operation, the Company partnered with Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Energy to redistribute oil production restrictions within KMG Group.
Oil and gas are produced by KMG’s operating assets and megaprojects where KMG has non-operating interests.
KMG participates in three major oil and condensate production projects in Kazakhstan, with interests of 20%, 10% and 8.44% in Tengiz, Karachaganak and Kashagan, respectively.
The Company partners with the world’s oil giants to deliver on its megaprojects. These giants include Chevron Corporation, Exxon Mobil Corporation, Royal Dutch Shell plc, Eni S.p.A., TOTAL S.A., INPEX CORPORATION, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) and LUKOIL.
Oil production
In 2021, as part of Kazakhstan’s commitment to cut oil supply under the OPEC+ agreement, KMG reduced its oil and condensate output by 900 ths tonnes vs the previously approved annual targets. KMG’s total output was 21.6 mln tonnes or 444 ths bbl per day, down 0.5% year-on-year. Despite that, KMG remains the national leader in Kazakhstan’s oil and gas industry, accounting for one third of the country’s oil and condensate production.
KMG has a balanced portfolio of upstream assets with a significant growth potential. The share of operating projects and megaprojects in its total oil and condensate production was 64% (14 mln tonnes) and 36% (7.7 mln tonnes), respectively.
The technical characteristics of the produced oil differ significantly from region to region. The heaviest oil is produced in Karazhanbasmunai, with a bbl ratio of 6.68 bbl. per ton. The lightest at PetroKazakhstan Inc. with a bbl ratio of 7.75 bbl. per ton.
The quality of crude oil can be determined by two main parameters: high API gravity and low sulfur content. The sulfur content of the CPC Blend brand (KMG's main megaprojects) is 0.56%, the density in API degrees is 45.3, thus it can be considered as one of the best oil in the world in terms of quality.
Megaprojects
KMG develops world-class projects through partnerships with international oil and gas companies.
Tengiz
The largest gem in Kazakhstan’s oil and gas industry, a unique supergiant oil field unrivalled elsewhere in the world.
The agreement on Tengizchevroil LLP was signed between the Republic of Kazakhstan and Chevron Corporation on 2 April 1993, with a 40-year hydrocarbon exploration and production licence granted to Tengizchevroil in 1993. Tengizchevroil focuses on the exploration, production and sales of hydrocarbons from the Tengiz and Korolevskoye fields in the Atyrau Region.
Tengizchevroil LLP (TCO) operates a licence that includes the unique supergiant Tengiz field and the adjacent Korolevskoye field with significant reserves. The Tengiz oil field was discovered in 1979. It is the world’s deepest supergiant oil field.
Currently, oil is produced and processed by highly reliable modern operating facilities, including complex technology lines (CTL, 13.48 mln tonnes of oil processed in 2021), Second-Generation Plant (SGP, 13.07 mln tonnes of oil processed in 2021) and sour gas injection unit (SGI, 2.98 bln m3 of gas handled in 2021). The well stock currently comprises 200 production wells and 8 gas injection wells.
In 2021, oil output increased by 0.4% year-on-year to 26,553 ths tonnes (including KMG’s share of 5,311 ths tonnes), while gas output was up 0.1% year-on-year to 14.8 bln m3 (including KMG’s share of 2.95 bln m3). Higher production was attributable to the suspension of OPEC+ restrictions in the second half of 2021 and completion of the large-scale SGP/SGI overhaul four days ahead of the schedule, which resulted in the incremental production of 238 ths tonnes of oil (including KMG’s share of 47.6 ths tonnes).
Progress on the Future Growth Project and the Wellhead Pressure Management Project
Tengizchevroil is implementing two integrated projects – the Future Growth Project (FGP) and the Wellhead Pressure Management Project (WPMP). The two projects make a significant contribution to the national economy: FGP–WPMP has generated around 48,000 jobs in Kazakhstan, with about 1,000 more permanent jobs to be added to support the operation of FGP–WPMP. The implementation of the projects will boost oil production from the Tengiz field by 12 mtpa.
At the end of 2021, the total cost of FGP–WPMP was USD 38.3 bln, with the overall project progress at 89%. Under the updated 2021 schedule, the launch of the WPMP and FGP facilities is slated for March 2023 and November 2023, respectively.
As at 1 January 2022, general construction progress was 82.6% (target – 81.9%), engineering design – 100.0% (target – 100.0%), management systems and power supply – 97.1% (target – 99.5%), well drilling – 94,6% (target – 94.2%), logistics – 100%, procurement – 100% (target – 100%), module manufacturing – 100%, systems completion – 12.5% (target – 17.7%).
All process modules have been placed on the foundations, construction and installation for the Single Centre for Process Management have been completed, and new group metering stations have been commissioned (GZU-53 and GZU-54 in February and September, respectively).
In Q1 2022, Tengizchevroil and the Partners plan to assess the project schedule and costs based on the 2021 progress, with the final dates for FGP facilities commissioning to be announced in Q2 2022.
Works scheduled for 2022:
Migrating and launching the Single Centre for Process Management
Commissioning GZU-55
Supplying fuel gas for pre-commissioning at FGP energy assets
Completing construction and installation at the Third Generation Raw Gas Injection power plants
Powering the Third Generation Raw Gas Injection power plants
Completing mechanical works to lay Pressure Maintenance System pipelines
Completing works to lay Pressure Maintenance System cables
Completing construction and installation at raw gas injection drilling sites
Completing mechanical works to install a demineralised water unit and waste heat boilers at 3GP
COVID-19
Because of the COVID-19 spread on the Tengiz territory and recurring outbreaks between June 2020 and August 2021, around 35,000 employees working at the field and the FGP–WPMP construction sites had to be repeatedly put on leave and brought back. Starting September 2021, the coronavirus situation began stabilising, and currently approximately 32,000 employees are working on FGP–WPMP construction.
By now, over 100,000 people have been vaccinated, out of whom 4,300 are Tengizchevroil employees, and the rest are contractors. Employee revaccination is now underway, with more than 1,800 people having already received booster shots.
As at the end of 2021, 49,000 people were working at the Tengiz field.
Additionally, a 200-bed modular hospital in Kulsary was commissioned.
Kashagan
The huge Kashagan field is the largest discovery in recent four decades. Kashagan is one of the most complex projects in the industry globally.
The Production Sharing Agreement in respect of the North Caspian Sea (NCSPSA) was signed by the Republic of Kazakhstan and an international consortium in November 1997. North Caspian Operating Company N.V. is the project operator, acting on behalf of the project contractors.
The North Caspian project is the first major offshore oil and gas project in Kazakhstan. It includes five fields: Kashagan, Kalamkas-Sea, Kairan, Aktoty and Kashagan South-West.
The Kashagan field lies in an offshore location 75 km from Atyrau at water depths of 3 to 4 m. The field reservoir lies at a depth of over 4 km and is characterised by high pressures (over 700 bar) and high hydrogen sulphide (H2S) concentration. At the same time, sour gas reinjection at high pressure improves oil recovery.
Kashagan is one of the most challenging industry projects globally due to harsh environmental conditions at sea and significant design, logistics and safety challenges. Located in the subarctic climate, the North Caspian Sea is covered with ice for about five months a year, requiring innovative technical solutions. KMG, together with international partners, is successfully implementing the project, having achieved sustainable production rates with further growth potential.
The Kashagan field infrastructure comprises onshore and offshore facilities. Onshore facilities include the Bolashak Onshore Processing Facility (an integrated oil and gas treatment plant) while the offshore facilities comprise a range of manmade structures including an operations and process complex on Island D, Island A, and early production islands EPC-2, EPC-3 and EPC-4. A total of 40 wells were drilled on the Kashagan field, 6 of which are injection wells and 34 are production wells.
Currently, KMG (through Cooperative KazMunayGaz U.A.A wholly-owned subsidiary of KMG, with the direct ownership of 99.7440256% and indirect ownership via KMG Kumkol LLP of 0.2559744%.) jointly with JSC Samruk-Kazyna on a parity basis (50%/50%) owns KMG Kashagan B.V. which, in turn, has a 16.88% interest in the North Caspian project. Thus, KMG indirectly owns 8.44% of the project. KMG also has an option to acquire another 50% in KMG Kashagan B.V. between 2020 and 2022.
In 2021, oil and gas production from the North Caspian project stood at 16.2 mln tonnes and 9.9 bln m3, respectively. Kashagan production grew by 7.2% year-on-year to 1,094 ths tonnes of oil and 726 mln m3 of gas. The significant boost in production in 2021 was driven by an increase in Kazakhstan’s quota from August under the OPEC+ Agreement. In Q4 2021, successful tests were carried out on the capacity of the raw gas injection compressors (SGI), which increased the gas injection rate to 15 mln m3 per day and increased the average daily output to ~ 410 kbopd.
Under the terms of the Production Sharing Agreement (PSA), all oil produced at the Kashagan field is exported, including KMG’s share of the oil. The produced oil is mostly exported to Europe, East Asia and India via Novorossiysk, where the oil is delivered by the CPC pipeline.
Outlook for Kashagan
Once sustainable production rates are achieved, two projects are under consideration in phase 1 to ramp up to plateau production with the potential to grow oil and condensate production to 450 kbopd (57 ths tonnes per day) in the medium term.
Bundle 1
Project to supply raw gas to a third party. (Gas processing plant (GPP) with a capacity of 1 bln m3 per year).
Two separate projects, A and B, are considered for phase 2 to increase oil and condensate production to 700 kbopd (88 ths tonnes per day) over the next 10 years.
Phase 2A.
Phase 2B.
Bundle 1
The project will enable oil production increase by 15–20 kbopd (1.9–2.5 ths tonnes per day) by upgrading existing injection compressors and expanding their capacity. Bundle 1 was split into two phases: raw gas injection compressor upgrade (to be completed in 2022) and an ultra-high pressure pipeline with well conversion (2026). The cost of the project is around USD 207 mln. It is expected to be completed in the second half of 2022.
Project to supply raw gas to a third party (Gas Processing Plant (GPP) with a capacity of 1 bln m3 per year)
The project will provide for increasing oil production by 17–20 kbopd (2.1–2.5 ths tonnes per day) by delivering additional volumes of associated raw gas to KazTransGas’ planned new gas processing plant (GPP) with raw gas processing capacity of 1 bln m3 per year. The project is scheduled for completion in 2024.
Phase 2A
The project seeks to increase oil production to 500,000 kbopd (63 ths tonnes per day at existing facilities, through additional supplies of ~ 2 bln m3 per year of raw gas to JSC National Company QazaqGaz. The project is now at the FEED stage. An FID is expected in 2023, with the project start-up in 2026.
Phase 2B
The project aims to increase oil production to 700 kbopd (88 ths tonnes per day). An option to build a multi-phase pipeline and a new onshore plant and to supply 6 bln m3 per year of raw gas to Tengizchevroil or KazTransGas was selected last year Currently, this option undergoes technical and economic review and optimisation as part of a pre-FEED study. An FID is expected in 2024, with the project start-up in 2030.
COVID-19
As part of its COVID-19 response, the operator of the North-Caspian project has been implementing an effective COVID-19 prevention and control programme in order to protect operational staff while taking steps to minimise impact on operations and curb further spread of the virus. For today, 2,838 people have been vaccinated.
Karachaganak
One of the world’s largest gas and condensate fields
The Final Production Sharing Agreement (FPSA) in respect of the Karachaganak oil and condensate project was signed by the Republic of Kazakhstan and an international consortium on 18 November 1997. Royal Dutch Shell and Eni are the joint operators of the Karachaganak project (development via Karachaganak Petroleum Operating B.V.).
Karachaganak oil and condensate field is one of the largest oil and condensate fields in the world, located in the West Kazakhstan Region and covering an area of over 280 sq km. The field was discovered in 1979, with pilot development started in 1984.
The Karachaganak project has three core process facilities, comprising a single system of interrelated and interdependent process units within the Karachaganak field’s production process:
KPC – the Karachaganak Processing Complex, located in the northwestern part of the field and processing liquid hydrocarbons coming from wells as well as feedstock transported from Unit 2;
Unit 2 – a gas treatment unit located in the southeastern part of the field, which separates and reinjects raw gas at high pressure and feeds liquid hydrocarbons to the KPC for stabilisation before shipment for export;
Unit 3 – a gas treatment unit located in the northeastern part of the field, which separates and partially stabilises liquid hydrocarbons and gas before shipment for export.
In 2021, the field’s operating well stock was 158 wells and 19 injection wells.
Liquid hydrocarbon production from Karachaganak decreased by 5.5% year-on-year to 10,338 ths tonnes in 2021, including KMG’s share at 1,034 ths tonnes. Gas production was down 6.1% year-on-year at 18,980 mln m3 in total, with KMG’s share at 1,898 mln m3. The decline was mainly caused by a reduction in raw gas intake by the Orenburg GPP, which is supplied under a long-term gas purchase and sale contract and by long unscheduled maintenance.
Outlook for Karachaganak
The Karachaganak oil and condensate field is in Phase 2 commercial development (phase 2M), which includes a number of major capex projects (Production Plateau Extension Projects and the Karachaganak Expansion Project) aimed at increasing raw gas treatment and reinjection capacity to extend the duration of the liquid hydrocarbon production plateau at the achieved rates.
Production Plateau Extension Projects (phase 2M):
Installation of the additional 5th Trunk Line (5TL) – the project will increase the annual volume of gas injection to 10 bln m3 in order to maintain reservoir pressure and add 2.6 mln tonnes of liquid hydrocarbons in incremental production over the remaining life of the FPSA. It was commissioned in December 2019.
KPC Gas Debottlenecking (KGDBN) – the project envisages commissioning of new glycol gas-dehydration and low-temperature gas separation units with a total capacity of 4.0 bln m3 per year to increase the volume of gas treatment for reinjection and/or export to the Orenburg Gas Processing Plant (OGPP), as well as add 9.1 mln tonnes of liquid hydrocarbons in incremental production over the remaining life of the FPSA. It was put into operation in April 2021.
Installation of Unit 2 4th Injection Compressor (4ICP) – the project will install a network of process pipelines to maintain reservoir pressure and the liquid hydrocarbon production plateau by increasing annual gas injection volumes from 10 bln m3 to 13 bln m3, as well as add 6.8 mln tonnes of liquid hydrocarbons in incremental production over the remaining life of the FPSA. Commissioning is scheduled for March 2022.
Installation of the additional 6th Trunk Line (6TL) – the project will optimise the injection process by shifting gas to new parts of the field while adding 2.2 mln tonnes of liquid hydrocarbons in incremental production over the remaining life of the FPSA. Commissioning is scheduled for March 2024.
Combined, the Production Plateau Extension Projects will maximise the benefits through:
increased gas treatment capacity;
incremental liquid hydrocarbon production;
upgrades to existing liquid hydrocarbon treatment units;
reduced rates of reservoir pressure declines.
Karachaganak expansion Project (KEP)
A major expansion of production units is an option to further extend production plateau post phase 2M. This expansion is to be implemented in phases in 2025–2026. The KEP project which will enable a further boost in gas treatment and reinjection capacities through the phased commissioning of the 5th and 6th injection compressors to sustain oil production at 10 mln to 11 mln tonnes per year. The project cost is estimated at USD 1.8 bln. In December 2020, a final investment decision was taken for the 5th Injection Compressor Project (5ICP), and a FID for the 6th Injection Compressor Project (6ICP) is expected in Q3 2022.
Digital projects to transform operations
As part of the Digital Kazakhstan innovative development state programme, Karachaganak Petroleum Operating B.V. has developed a roadmap for a digital transformation and technology innovation. The current work streams are focused on the areas of production optimisation, well surveillance, smart plant and digital transformations for project delivery, minimisation of paper-intensive processes and maximisation of the automated workflows, warehouse management, improvement of the monitoring and intervention activities.
Digitising key field parameters will enable Karachaganak Petroleum Operating B.V. to make timely decisions maximising productivity through automated integrated data analysis tools. With progress at 65%, the project’s expected completion year is 2022.
COVID-19
COVID-19 response at the Karachaganak field included the following crisis response measures implemented early on:
suspension of drilling until September 2021;
curtailing well operations not using drilling rigs, postponing non-essential well operations from 2020 to 2021;
partially postponing preventive maintenance activities from 2020 to 2021;
shifting employees to work from home;
increased shifts for Karachaganak Petroleum Operating B.V. employees and contractor personnel;
regular PCR tests for Karachaganak Petroleum Operating B.V. employees and contractor personnel;
frequent cleaning and sanitation protocols, etc.
By the beginning of 2022, the number of vaccinated employees at Karachaganak Petroleum Operating B.V. was around 3,500 persons, or 92%.
Oil production at operating assets
As a legacy of more than a hundred years in the oil and gas industry, KMG’s producing asset portfolio consists mostly of mature fields. In this regard, KMG’s key priority is to improve production efficiency. The Company is committed to energy saving across operations while also maintaining a strong focus on continuous production process optimisations and improvements and driving higher oil recovery rates.
Today about 85% of total oil production at the Company’s operating assets comes from seven key fields: Uzen and Karamandybas (JSC OzenMunaiGas), Kalamkas and Zhetybai (JSC MangistauMunaiGaz), S. Nurzhanov and East Moldabek (JSC Embamunaigas) and Karazhanbas (JSC Karazhanbasmunai).
In 2021, construction and installation works continued on the stage 2 facilities of Phase 1, namely "Construction of a 29-km gas pipeline from BPS-GTU Kozhasai" and "Extension of BPS" – construction of the site and installation of a gas dehydration unit (GDU) on the East Urikhtau field. The Urikhtau field is to be put into commercial operation in mid-2023, with expected production of up to 1.5 bln m3 of gas and 500 ths tonnes of oil per year.
In 2021, KMG’s share in the oil production of the operating assets decreased by 152 ths tonnes to 13,961 ths tonnes (or 277 kbopd). This reflects a natural decline in production from mature fields and the implementation of arrangements reached under the OPEC+ agreement.
In 2021, the total well stock in operation was 15,081 wells, of which 11,206 wells were classified as the current declining well stock. Most of oil and condensate production comes from the current declining well stock.
Gas production
Natural and associated gas production decreased by 0.7% to 8,135 mln m3 in 2021. Operating assets produced 2,466 mln m3 (30% of the total), and 5,669 mln m3 (70%) came from megaprojects, with the Tengiz and Karachaganak megaprojects accounting for the bulk of production.
Gas production values are the actual volume of gas produced, including gas reinjected for own needs. Gas reinjection is used to maintain reservoir pressure, which is essential for sustaining high oil production rates.
Commercial gas production in 2021 was 4,625 mln m3, of which 1,760 mln m3 were produced from operating assets and 2,865 mln m3 from megaprojects. Year-on-year, commercial gas production decreased by 173 mln m3, or 3.6% cumulatively.
Along with processing own feedstock, the KazGPZ plant produces commercial gas using feedstocks supplied by KMG’s other operating assets that do not produce commercial gas themselves.
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https://globuc.com/news/jsc-kazmunaygas-update/
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JSC NC KazMunayGas 2023 trading update
|
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[] |
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[
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] | null |
[] |
2024-02-29T10:03:51+00:00
|
KazMunaiGas shows its operating results for the entire past year.
|
en
|
/wp-content/themes/globuc/favion.png
|
Globuc
|
https://globuc.com/news/jsc-kazmunaygas-update/
|
Joint-stock (JSC) National Company (NC) KazMunayGas (“KMG” or “Company”), Kazakhstan's national oil and gas company, announces its operating full year results for 2023.
Source: KazMunayGas
The company successfully continues its strategic course and achieves planned goals, the implementation of which is in the interests of all KMG stakeholders, including shareholders and investors, employees and partners, regions of operations and the country as a whole.
Magzum Mirzagaliyev, Chairman of the Management Board of KMG
As part of the initiative to increase gas production at operating and exploration assets, we managed to launch three new fields in the reporting year. In May, we launched the Aksai Yuzhny field, in early December the Vostochny Urikhtau field, and completed 2023 with the commissioning of the Rozhkovskoye field.
At the end of November 2023, the deal to acquire a 60% stake from the French TotalEnergies in the Dunga oil and gas field, located in the Mangistau region, was completed. Oil production at the field for the reporting year amounted to 547 thous. tonnes, of which KMG’s share since entering the project is 40 thous. tonnes.
As part of the development of the trans-Caspian international transport route, we have started transporting oil towards Baku and further to the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, through which about 1 mln tonnes were shipped in 2023. Also, as part of the diversification of routes, we began transporting oil through the Atyrau-Samara oil pipeline and further through Transneft pipelines in the direction of Germany. At the end of 2023, we supplied about 1 mln tonnes of oil to Germany.
A significant event in January of the reporting year was the creation of a joint venture with partners from the United Arab Emirates, the Abu Dhabi Ports company, and the acquisition of two tankers Taraz and Liwa with a deadweight of 8 thous. tonnes. They are already involved in transporting Kazakh oil in the Caspian Sea.
Also, among the strategic goals, the Company systematically implements the planned tasks in the field of sustainable development, including its low-carbon development programme. For example, we are completing a feasibility study on the Mirny wind farm project with a capacity of 1 GW with Total Eren. Tender procedures for the selection of a contractor for the construction of facilities are planned for the hybrid power plant with Eni this year.
Highlights for 2023 compared to 2022:
KMG's proven and probable hydrocarbon reserves (2P) increased by 3.7% and amounted to 733 mln tonnes of oil equivalent;
Oil and gas condensate production increased by 6.9% and amounted to 23,532 thous. tonnes;
Oil transportation volumes increased by 7.6% and amounted to 80,359 thous. tonnes;
Hydrocarbons refining volumes at the Kazakh and Romanian refineries amounted to 19,593 thous. tonnes compared to 19,900 thous. tonnes.
Hydrocarbon reserves
According to reserves report prepared in compliance with international PRMS standards by the international independent firm DeGolyer&MacNaughton, KMG’s proved plus probable hydrocarbon reserves (2P) amounted to 733 mln tonnes of oil equivalent (5,680 mln boe) as of 31 December 2023. Compared to 2022, the level of 2P reserves increased by 3.7%. The growth in indicators was due to the actual measures taken to increase the volume of geological and technical measures, drilling wells and changing development plans aimed at replenishing production at operating assets, as well as clarifying the development plans at Kashagan and Karachaganak fields.
Net reserves under PRMS as of 31 December 2023
Upstream
Oil and gas condensate production volume for 2023 amounted to 23,532 thous. tonnes (486 kbopd) representing an increase of 6.9%. Production volume of associated and natural gas raised by 14.8% to 9,460 mln m³.
1 KMG’s share in the project increased to 16.88% after 15 September 2022
Oil production at Tengiz decreased by 1.0% and amounted to 5,779 thous. tonnes (126 kbopd). The decrease in production was due to the suspension of oil intake from the CPC oil intake system during scheduled maintenance of the oil pipeline and shutdowns of the marine terminal due to adverse weather conditions in the fourth quarter of 2023. Associated gas production decreased by 0.9%, and amounted to 3,202 mln m3.
Oil production at Kashagan for the share of KMG amounted to 3,108 thous. tonnes (68 kbopd), showing an increase of 121.8%, gas production amounted to 1,963 mln m3, an increase of 123.8%. The increase in production was mainly due to an increase in KMG's share in the project from 8.44% to 16.88% as a result of the completion of the transaction for the repurchase of a 50% stake in KMG Kashagan BV from Samruk-Kazyna in September 2022, as well as due to the shutdown of production in the summer of 2022 and capital and restoration work repairs of marine and land complexes.
Oil and condensate production at Karachaganak increased by 7.1% and amounted to 1,086 thous. tonnes (23 kbopd). Gas production increased by 15.1% and amounted to 2,239 mln m3. The increase in the possibility of receiving sour gas from the Orenburg Gas Processing Plant led to an increase in oil and condensate production.
The volume of oil and condensate production at operating assets decreased by 1.5% to 13,559 thous. tonnes (269 kbopd). Emergency power outages and capacity limitations by the Mangystau Nuclear Power Plant (MAEK) from July to September of the reporting year significantly affected the decline in production at the Ozenmunaigas fields and a number of other fields. Also, a decrease in production was observed in mature fields as a result of a natural drop in production. At the same time, the decline was partially offset by an increase in oil production at Embamunaigas, where successful geological and technical measures were carried out at mature fields and the Eastern Wing of the S. Nurzhanov field and the UAZ Severnoye were put into development.
In November 2023, the acquisition of KMG from TotalEnergies EP Danmark A/S (a subsidiary of TotalEnergies S.E.) of 100% of shares in the authorized capital of Total E&P Dunga GmbH, which owns the right of subsurface use in the Dunga project, was completed. Thus, KMG's share in the Dunga subsoil use project became 60%. The Dunga oil and gas field is located in the Tupkaragan district of the Mangystau region. The deposit was discovered in 1966. Geological reserves amount to 93 mln tonnes of oil and more than 7 bln cubic meters of gas.
Three gas projects were launched in the reporting year. On May 10, 2023, Kazgermunai began supplying gas from the Aksai Yuzhny field. The field is being developed by Kazgermunai, where JSC NC KazMunaiGas owns 50%.
On November 29 of the reporting year, Urikhtau Operating, with 100% KMG participation, commissioned the East Urikhtau field, which was the first in the Republic of Kazakhstan to use the Improved Model Contract.
On December 21, 2023, Ural Oil and Gas, 50% of which belongs to KMG, put into commercial operation the Rozhkovskoye gas condensate field in the West Kazakhstan region.
Midstream
The total volume of oil trunk pipelines and sea transportation increased by 7.6% to 80,359 thous. tonnes.
The volume of oil transportation through trunk pipelines increased by 6.5% and amounted to 69,581 thous. tonnes. The growth is due to an increase in the transportation of oil for export through the KazTransOil system towards Germany, the shipment of oil through the port of Aktau in the direction of Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan, as well as an increase in the delivery of oil from the Kashagan field to the CPC system.
The total volume of offshore oil transportation in the reporting year increased by 15.4% to 10,778 thous. tonnes. The increase in transportation volumes was mainly due to an increase in the export of Kazakh oil along the route Aktau port - Baku port and further along the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline.
Trading
Sales volumes of KMG's own produced oil and gas condensate increased by 7.1% and amounted to 23,695 thous. tonnes, of which 64.9% was exported.
Supplies of own produced oil and gas condensate volumes to cover the needs of the domestic market amounted to 8,311 thous. tonnes, including deliveries of crude oil from operating assets (Ozenmunaigas, Embamunaigas, Kazakhturkmunai and Urikhtau Operating) in the amount of 4,980 thous. tonnes to Atyrau, Pavlodar and Shymkent refineries for further oil refining and sales of oil products.
Downstream
The total volume of hydrocarbon processing compared to the same period in 2022 decreased by 1.5% and amounted to 19,593 thous. tonnes:
The volume of hydrocarbon refining at Kazakh refineries decreased by 0.4% and amounted to 14,206 thous. tonnes. The reduction in processing occurred mainly at the Shymkent refinery due to a decrease in load in the middle of the reporting year on the back of unscheduled repairs of the heat exchanger at the catalytic reforming and catalyst regeneration plant. The increase in refining volumes at the Atyrau refinery partially offset the decrease in the volumes at the Shymkent refinery.
The refining volume at KMG International's plants (Petromidia, Vega) in Romania decreased by 4.3% and amounted to 5,387 thous. tonnes. The reduction in the volume of processing occurred after the incident at the soft hydrocracking plant in mid-summer 2023. Restoration work continues at the facility, the completion of which has been postponed to the end of the first quarter of 2024, due to the large volume of repair work on the restoration of reactors related to ensuring the integrity of equipment and further safe operation of the facility.
The volume of production of oil products at Kazakh and Romanian refineries decreased by 2.7% and amounted to 18,138 thous. tonnes:
|
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https://www.rigzone.com/news/chevron_qazaqgas_tie_up_for_gas_exploration_in_western_kazakhstan-04-jul-2024-177299-article/
|
en
|
Chevron, QazaqGas Tie Up for Gas Exploration in Western Kazakhstan
|
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[
"oil and gas petroleum news events stories articles analysis commentary headlines stocks finance commodities maps pictures"
] | null |
[
"Jov Onsat"
] |
2024-07-04T08:45:25+00:00
|
Kazakhstan's national gas company and Chevron Munaigas signed a cooperation agreement for natural gas exploration in the Aktobe region.
|
en
|
https://www.rigzone.com/news/chevron_qazaqgas_tie_up_for_gas_exploration_in_western_kazakhstan-04-jul-2024-177299-article/
|
JSC NC QazaqGaz and Chevron Munaigas Inc. have signed a cooperation agreement for natural gas exploration in the Aktobe region in western Kazakhstan.
The Chevron Corp. subsidiary will in the initial phase reprocess seismic data for the target area, which is near the already proven Urikhtau and Zhanazhol fields, Kazakhstan’s national gas company said in a statement.
“The respective parties view the signed agreement as a potential starting point for more extensive collaboration”, QazaqGaz said.
The exploration campaign is also supported by Samruk-Kazyna JSC and the Central Asian country’s Energy Ministry, according to the statement.
QazaqGas chair Sanzhar Zharkeshov said in the statement, “Further geological exploration and development of a potential gas condensate or oil and gas condensate field at the Zhalibek site is expected to enhance the commercial gas resource base and drive economic growth in the country”.
Zharkeshov added the agreement for gas exploration with the United States oil and gas giant signals an increasing attractiveness of Kazakhstan to international gas players.
“Our strategic partnership with Kazakhstan has spanned more than three decades, and this agreement creates new opportunities for potentially advancing Kazakhstan's energy sector”, Chevron managing director for Eurasia Derek Magness commented. “Chevron recognizes the importance of gas development and related potential opportunities within Kazakhstan's gas industry".
In 2022 Chevron Munaigas and QazaqGaz inked a memorandum of understanding for collaboration in hydrocarbon exploration and production, gas processing and energy transition.
Last year Kazakhstan produced 30.8 billion cubic meters (1.1 trillion cubic feet) of gas, while its gas consumption stood at 21.4 Bcm (755.7 Bcf), according to the Energy Institute’s Statistical Review of World Energy.
Chevron is the first multinational to enter Kazakhstan, in 1993, according to the San Ramon, California-based integrated energy company.
Currently it holds a 50 percent stake in the Tengizchevroil joint venture, which develops the Tengiz field and the nearby Korolev field. Chevron estimates 25.5 billion barrels of oil in place in Tengiz and 1.6 billion barrels in Korolev. Chevron pegs recoverable oil from the two at 7.1 billion to 10.9 billion barrels. Tengizchevroil contributed 358,000 oil-equivalent barrels per day to Chevron’s net production last year, according to the company’s supplemental report to its annual report for 2023.
Chevron also owns an 18 percent interest in the Karachaganak gas condensate field.
Downstream, Chevron holds a 15 percent stake in the Caspian Pipeline Consortium, which operates a 1,505-kilometer (935.2 miles) conduit that carries petroleum from Tengiz and Karachaganak for export overseas, Chevron says on its website.
Chevron also owns the Atyrau Polyethylene Pipe Plant.
To contact the author, email jov.onsat@rigzone.com
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https://www.tendersontime.com/tenders-details/services-for-the-prevention-of-gas-and-oil-manifestations-emissionsservices-for-the-prevention-of-g-252879a/
|
en
|
Kazakhstan Govt Tender for Services For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifes...
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Kazakhstan government tender for Services For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissionsservices For The Prevention Of G..., TOT Ref No: 38963098, Tender Ref No: 366936, Deadline: 23rd Dec 2019, Register to view latest Online Global Tenders, E-Tender, E-Procurement.
|
en
|
TendersOnTime
|
https://www.tendersontime.com/tenders-details/services-for-the-prevention-of-gas-and-oil-manifestations-emissionsservices-for-the-prevention-of-g-252879a/
|
Urichtau Operating Partnership has floated a tender for Services For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissionsservices For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissions. The project location is Kazakhstan and the tender is closing on 23 Dec 2019. The tender notice number is 366936, while the TOT Ref Number is 38963098. Bidders can have further information about the Tender and can request the complete Tender document by Registering on the site.
Procurement Summary
Country : Kazakhstan
Summary : Services For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissionsservices For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissions
Deadline : 23 Dec 2019
Other Information
Notice Type : Tender
TOT Ref.No.: 38963098
Document Ref. No. : 366936
Competition : ICB
Financier : Self Financed
Purchaser Ownership : -
Tender Value : Refer Document
Purchaser's Detail
Name :xxxxxxxxx
Address : xxxxxxxxx
Email : xxxxxxxxx
Login to see details
Tender Details
Title: Services For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissionsservices For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissions
Tender Detail No:
ENC TRU Code: 842511.000.000002
Brief description: Services To Prevent The Occurrence Of Open Gas And Oil Fountains Of The Fund Of Producing And Injection Wells
Status: Posted By
Amount: 1
Unit of measurement:
Unit Price: 5 812 380 ?
Amount: 5 812 380 5 812 380
Month Of Carrying Out: 12.2019
Terms: From The Date Of Signing The Contract To 12.2020from The Date Of Signing The Contract To 12.2020
Terms Of Payments: Prepayment 0%, Interim payment 100%, Final payment 0%,
Terms: Open tender
The total amount of lots: 5 812 380 ?
Contact Details
Kazakhstan Aktobe Region Urikhtau Field
Phone: +7 (713) 274-4134
Email: a.Kopzhassar@urikhtau.kz
Documents
Tender Notice
|
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https://www.ogj.com/home/article/17267145/kazakhstan-urikhtau-gas-condensate-project-eyed
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Kazakhstan: Urikhtau gas-condensate project eyed
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2011-02-24T00:00:00
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Kazakhstan’s Kazmunaigaz and China National Petroleum Corp. have formed a 50-50 joint venture to develop Urikhtau field in northwestern Kazakhstan and eventually ship natural ...
|
en
|
https://img.ogj.com/files/base/ebm/ogj/image/uploads/1627934748795-favicon.ico
|
Oil & Gas Journal
|
https://www.ogj.com/home/article/17267145/kazakhstan-urikhtau-gas-condensate-project-eyed
|
By OGJ editors
HOUSTON, Feb. 24 – Kazakhstan’s Kazmunaigaz and China National Petroleum Corp. have formed a 50-50 joint venture to develop Urikhtau field in northwestern Kazakhstan and eventually ship natural gas to China via pipeline, according to press reports.
Urikhtau field is a giant gas-condensate field with oil rims on the northeast flank of the North Caspian basin 100 miles southeast of Aktobe. It was discovered in 1983.
Soviet-era estimates of recoverable volumes were 1.4 tcf of gas, 85 million bbl of condensate, 47 million bbl of oil, and 84 bcf of associated gas. These may be conservative, however, considering the field’s sparsely drilled status by Soviet break-up.
Bracketing Urikhtau field area Zhanazhol and Kenkiyak fields, also operated by CNPC. Reservoirs at the three fields are Carboniferous in age.
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https://daryo.uz/en/2024/02/06/kazakhstan-aims-to-triple-oil-supplies-on-trans-caspian-route-to-3-mn-tons
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en
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Kazakhstan aims to triple oil supplies on Trans-Caspian route to 3 mn tons
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2024-02-06T00:00:00
|
The initiative strengthens Kazakhstan's oil and gas sector, upgrades electricity infrastructure, and boosts renewable energy capacity. — Daryo News
|
en
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/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png
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Daryo.uz
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https://daryo.uz/en/2024/02/06/kazakhstan-aims-to-triple-oil-supplies-on-trans-caspian-route-to-3-mn-tons
|
In a move to bolster its energy sector, the Government of Kazakhstan has unveiled plans to ramp up oil supplies along the Trans-Caspian route, aiming to reach 3 mn tons within the next two years. This strategic initiative is part of Kazakhstan's broader commitment to fortify its oil and gas industry, modernize electricity infrastructure, and enhance renewable energy capacity.
Major expansion projects are already underway at key oil fields, including Tengiz, Karachaganak, and Kashagan. The throughput capacity of the Kazakhstan section of the CPC pipeline has been substantially increased from 54 to 72.5 mn tons per year. The first oil supplies have commenced along the Trans-Caspian route, and authorities are determined to scale up this volume to 3 mn tons over the next two years.
Simultaneously, the Shymkent oil refinery is undergoing expansion efforts, with its capacity set to double from 6 to 12 mn tons annually. This increase aims to meet the growing demands of the domestic fuel and lubricants market.
Gas production is also on the rise, with successful operations at the Rozhkovskoye, South Aksai, and Anabay fields, boasting recoverable reserves exceeding 31 bn cubic meters. The launch of the Urikhtau Central, Western Prorva, and Kalamkas gas fields is anticipated in the medium term, contributing an additional 69 bn cubic meters of recoverable gas reserves.
To support the petrochemical industry's growth, a $1bn Butadiene project is set to commence construction this year. Concurrently, ongoing large-scale investment projects, totaling $13.7bn, are progressing for the production of polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and urea in the Atyrau and Aktobe regions.
In the electric power sector, Kazakhstan is committed to eliminating shortages and creating advanced capacity for the economy. In 2023, approximately 500 MW of capacity was commissioned, and a further 825 MW is scheduled for commissioning in 2024 through 14 projects, including 12 focused on renewable energy, with a combined capacity of 260 MW.
The construction of thermal power plants with flexible generation modes is underway in the Turkestan, Almaty, and Kyzylorda regions. Plans include the modernization of the 3rd and 4th power units at Ekibastuz GRES-2 and the construction of a new GRES-3. New thermal power plants are also in the pipeline for Kokshetau, Semey, and Ust-Kamenogorsk.
Kazakhstan is actively collaborating with strategic investors, including Total, Masdar, Acwa Power, and Unigreen Energy, to implement renewable energy projects with a combined capacity of 4 GW, marking a substantial leap towards a more sustainable and diverse energy portfolio.
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https://www.naturalgasworld.com/kazakhstans-qazaqgaz-chevron-sign-cooperation-agreement-111987
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Kazakhstan's QazaqGaz, Chevron sign cooperation agreement
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The companies plan to undertake geological exploration at the Zhalibek site in Kazakhstan's Aktobe region, near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields. [Image: QazaqGaz]
|
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https://www.naturalgasworld.com/kazakhstans-qazaqgaz-chevron-sign-cooperation-agreement-111987
|
Summary
The companies plan to undertake geological exploration at the Zhalibek site in Kazakhstan's Aktobe region, near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields. [Image: QazaqGaz]
by: Shardul Sharma
Kazakh state-owned gas company QazaqGaz and US energy major Chevron Corporation have signed a cooperation agreement for potential geological exp...
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https://astanatimes.com/2023/12/kazakhstans-energy-sector-surges-this-year/
|
en
|
Kazakhstan’s Energy Sector Surges This Year
|
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[
"Aruzhan Ualikhanova"
] |
2023-12-27T07:38:39+00:00
|
Kazakhstan’s Energy Sector Surges This Year
|
en
|
https://astanatimes.com/wp-content/themes/astanatimes/assets/images/icons/news-in-kazakhstan.ico
|
The Astana Times
|
https://astanatimes.com/2023/12/kazakhstans-energy-sector-surges-this-year/
|
ASTANA – Reviewing the accomplishments in Kazakhstan’s energy sector over this year, the Prime Minister’s press service issued an overview on Dec. 26, highlighting significant achievements.
Oil and gas production
In January-November, oil and gas condensate production reached 82.2 million tons, an 8% increase compared to the previous year. Gas production rose by 12% to 53.8 billion cubic meters, with commercial gas production increasing by 6% to 26.9 billion cubic meters. Meanwhile, oil exports grew by 10% to 64.3 million tons, and natural gas rose by 8% to 5.3 billion cubic meters.
Domestic oil refineries exceeded their target by producing 11.2 million tons of petroleum products in January-October, with plans to produce 13.4 million tons by year-end.
Gas fields launch
The large Rozhkovskoye field in the West Kazakhstan Region commenced commercial operation, set to produce 14.2 billion cubic meters of raw gas and 7.1 million tons of condensate until 2040.
Kazakhstan commissioned the Aksai South and Eastern Urikhtau fields this year and is planning to launch a few more gas projects soon, including Urikhtau Central in the Aktobe Region, Western Prorva in the Atyrau Region, and Kalamkas in the Mangystau Region.
Gas pipelines launch
The launch of the second line of the Beineu-Zhanaozen gas pipeline, with an investment of about 180 billion tenge ($391.6 million), will ensure a stable gas supply to populated areas and industrial facilities. A gas distribution pipeline, estimated at 8.3 billion tenge ($18 million), was built for the Sarsha area and the Warm Beach resort area in the Mangystau Region.
Completing the Makat-North Caucasus gas pipeline looping worth about 100 billion tenge ($217.5 million) in the Atyrau Region made it possible to meet regional gas demands.
Foreign investors, renewable energy, and the western zone
A strategically important project has been implemented to strengthen the energy network of the western zone, with five 780-kilometer-long 220-kilovolt power transmission lines built. As a result, the reliability of the western zone network has been doubled.
Renewable energy initiatives also witnessed progress, with the approval of a 5-year auction schedule and the operation of 16 facilities with a total capacity of 495.6 megawatts and an investment cost of nearly $450 million.
Agreements with foreign investors from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Total Energies, and China Power International Holding for large-scale projects aim to build three wind power plants totaling three gigawatts, further contributing to the country’s sustainable energy goals.
The first-ever contract for the supply of natural uranium was concluded with an energy company from the UAE, as well as a long-term contract for the supply of natural uranium with an energy company from China.
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| 1
|
https://www.gem.wiki/East_Urikhtau_Oil_and_Gas_Field_(Kazakhstan)
|
en
|
East Urikhtau Oil and Gas Field (Kazakhstan)
|
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"Global Energy Monitor"
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2024-03-20T19:45:57+00:00
|
East Urikhtau Oil and Gas Field is an operating oil and gas field in Kazakhstan.
|
en
|
/w/resources/assets/GEMWIKIlogo_V2_favicon.png
|
Global Energy Monitor
|
https://www.gem.wiki/East_Urikhtau_Oil_and_Gas_Field_(Kazakhstan)
|
This article is part of the Global Oil and Gas Extraction Tracker, a Global Energy Monitor project. Related categories:
Oil and gas extraction
Oil and gas pipelines
LNG terminals
East Urikhtau Oil and Gas Field is an operating oil and gas field in Kazakhstan.
East Urikhtau is a part of the Urikhtau project complex.
Project Details
Main Data
Table 1: Field-level project details for East Urikhtau Oil and Gas Field
*Final Investment Decision Unit name Status Operator Owner Discovery year FID* year Production start year East Urikhtau Operating[1] KazMunayGas[2] KazMunayGas (100.0%)[2] – – 2023[1]
Production and Reserves
Table 2: Production from East Urikhtau Oil and Gas Field
million m³/y = million cubic meters per year million bbl/y = million barrels of oil per year Category Fuel Description Quantity Units Data Year Source production oil 0.59 million bbl/y 2024 [1] production design capacity oil 1.33 million bbl/y [not stated] [1] production design capacity gas 100 million m³/y [not stated] [1] production design capacity gas 46 million m³/y 2024 [1]
Location
Table 3: field-level location details for East Urikhtau Oil and Gas Field
Location Coordinates (WGS 84) Unknown, Kazakhstan No location data found
Articles and Resources
Additional data
To access additional data, including an interactive map of oil and gas extraction sites, a downloadable dataset, and summary data, please visit the Global Oil and Gas Extraction Tracker on the Global Energy Monitor website.
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| 19
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https://daryo.uz/en/2023/12/08/kazakhstan-plans-to-achieve-1055mn-tons-annual-oil-output-by-2027
|
en
|
Kazakhstan plans to achieve 105.5mn tons annual oil output by 2027
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2023-12-08T00:00:00
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Askhat Khassenov, Kazakhstan's Vice Minister of Energy, revealed that the country is on track to produce 89mn tons of oil in the current year. — Daryo News
|
en
|
/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png
|
Daryo.uz
|
https://daryo.uz/en/2023/12/08/kazakhstan-plans-to-achieve-1055mn-tons-annual-oil-output-by-2027
|
Kazakhstan's government has endorsed a comprehensive plan aimed at advancing major oil and gas projects from 2023 to 2027, Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov's press service reports.
The plan targets a surge in oil production from the current 89mn tons annually to 105.5mn tons by 2027. Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov signed the decree, outlining the production increase within key fields such as Tengiz, Karachaganak, and Kashagan. The plan also encompasses 20 significant projects in oil and gas production, refining, and petrochemicals, requiring an estimated $37.3bn in investments.
The government's focus includes constructing new gas-processing plants and executing three substantial oil refinery projects, notably the extensive modernization of the Shymkent refinery by 2029, doubling its output to 12mn tons yearly. To support this, enhancements to the Kenkiyan-Atyrau and Kenkiyak-Kumkol oil pipelines are planned, increasing capacities to 15mn and 20mn tons per year, respectively.
Additionally, Kazakhstan aims to invigorate its petrochemical industry through the establishment of an integrated petrochemical plant producing 1.25mn tons of polyethylene annually. Geological exploration projects, with a combined investment of $10bn, are outlined, featuring key initiatives such as preparing for production in the Kalamkas-Sea and Khazar oil fields and the development of the Urikhtau gas field.
Askhat Khassenov, Kazakhstan's Vice Minister of Energy, revealed that the country is on track to produce 89mn tons of oil in the current year, slightly below the initial plan of 90.5mn tons. He cited maintenance work on major projects as a factor influencing production schedules, expressing optimism that completing overhauls earlier could help bridge the output gap. Khassenov acknowledged the possibility of a decline in production to 89mn tons but emphasized the potential for improvement through operational efficiencies.
In 2022, Kazakhstan reported 84.2mn tons of oil, with a slight increase recorded in 2023. The Vice Minister of National Economy, Azamat Amrin, noted a 6.6% rise in oil output from January to August 2023, reaching 56.09mn tons of oil and gas condensate. Minister of Energy Almasadam Satkaliyev previously adjusted the 2023 oil output forecast to 89.4mn tons on August 15.
|
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burisma
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en
|
Wikipedia
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2015-05-14T17:17:27+00:00
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en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burisma
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Ukrainian energy company
Burisma Holdings Limited (Ukrainian: Бурісма Холдингс) was a holding company based in Kyiv, Ukraine, for a group of energy exploration and production companies. It was registered in Limassol, Cyprus, until being dissolved in 2023.[5] Burisma Holdings operated in the Ukrainian natural gas market since 2002. It was one of the largest private natural gas producers in Ukraine, circa 2019.[6][7] It was owned by Ukrainian oligarch Mykola Zlochevsky through his company Brociti Investments Limited (Ukrainian: Бросіті Інвестментс Лімітед).
Burisma's subsidiaries included Esko-Pivnich, Pari, Persha Ukrainska Naftogazova Kompaniya, Naftogaz Garant, KUB-Gas and Astroinvest-Ukraine.[8][9][10]
History
[edit]
Burisma was founded in 2002.[11][12] Consolidation of the Burisma Group took place mainly in 2006 and 2007.[13] It became a major shareholder of Sunrise Energy Resources, a Delaware Corporation, which in 2004 acquired Ukrainian companies Esko-Pivnich (Ukrainian: Еско-Північ) and Pari (Ukrainian: Парі), which owned natural gas exploration licences.[14] In 2009, shares in these companies were transferred to Millington Solutions Limited.[14] However, shortly thereafter Millington ceased to exist, at which point Burisma claimed ownership of those two companies. In 2012, Persha Ukrainska Naftogazova Kompaniya (First Ukrainian Oil and Gas Company, Ukrainian: Перша Українська нафтогазова компанія), Naftogaz Garant (Oil and Gas Guarantee, Ukrainian: Нафтогаз гарант), and KrymTopEnergoServis (CrimeaTopEnergoService, Ukrainian: Кримтопенергосервіс) became a part of the Burisma Group.[15][16][17]
In 2014, Burisma signed a cooperation agreement with KazMunayGas, the national oil and gas company of Kazakhstan.[18] In 2016, Burisma bought two hydraulic fracturing (fracking) fleets.[19] In 2017, it bought a 3,000-horsepower Service King Manufacturing SK 3000 drilling rig for $40 million (USD); it was the most powerful drilling rig in Eastern Europe at the time.[20]
In February 2016, Burisma acquired a 70% stake in KUB-Gas (КУБ-Газ).[8] In 2017, it bought a majority stake in Diloretio Holdings Limited, a company which owned Ukrainian gas companies SystemOilEngineering (Ukrainian: Системойлинжиниринг), Naftogazopromyslova geologiya, (Oil and Gas Industrial Geology, Ukrainian: Нафтогазпромислова геологія), and Tehnokomservis (TechnoComService, Ukrainian: Технокомсервіс).[21] Also in 2017, Burisma bought Nadragasvydobuvannya (Subsoil Gas Extraction, Ukrainian: Надрагазвидобування)[22] and GasOilInvest (Гасоілінвест).[23] In April 2019, Burisma acquired Astroinvest Ukraine (Астроінвест-Україна), a natural gas trader.[9]
In 2015, Burisma was one of the founders of the International Forum on Energy Security for the Future and partnered the Electric Marathon.[24] In 2017, it signed a partnership agreement with the Atlantic Council to promote anti-corruption measures.[25][26]
In the 2020 United States presidential election, the re-election campaign of President Donald Trump and his allies promoted allegations of corruption focused on the relationship between Burisma and Hunter Biden. The claims were first stated by an editor of Breitbart News,[27] and subsequently formed the basis of a pressure campaign by Trump and associates to push the Ukrainian government to announce an investigation of the younger Biden's role with Burisma, culminating in Trump's impeachment and acquittal.[28] Republicans hoped to use the Burisma allegations to tarnish Biden's 2020 Presidential campaign, but an investigation by the Republican-controlled Senate Homeland Security and Finance Committees shortly before the 2020 presidential election concluded that there was no evidence of improper influence or wrongdoing by Joe Biden.[29]
Operations
[edit]
Burisma's primary operations were in Ukraine, supplemented by activities in Germany, Mexico, Italy, and Kazakhstan.[19] It held 35 gas production licences in Ukraine in the Dnieper-Donets, Carpathian, and Azov-Kuban Basins.[8][11] Exploration and production activities were carried out at eight sites in five regions.[30] Burisma also provided natural gas well services, including hydraulic fracturing.[19] In 2019, Burisma planned to build a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) plant in Kharkiv with a capacity of 50,000 tonnes per year.[10]
In 2016, Burisma was the second largest privately owned natural gas producer in Ukraine after DTEK,[7] accounting for 26% of all natural gas produced by privately owned companies and more than 5% of total gas production in Ukraine.[7][31] According to the company, it produced 1.3 billion cubic metres (4.6×1010 cubic feet) of natural gas in Ukraine in 2018.[11]
In Kazakhstan, the company provided drilling services to KazMunayGas and its subsidiaries, including at the Urikhtau gas field.[32] In Italy, Burisma developed three geothermal power projects in partnership with Gesto Investimento e Gestão.[32]
Burisma's subsidiary Esko-Pivnich operates in the Kharkiv Oblast, and Pari operates in Western Ukraine (Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi oblasts).[33] KUB-Gas operates in Luhansk Oblast,[8] GasOilInvest in Poltava Oblast,[23] and Nadragasvydobuvannya in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast.[34] Burisma also owned KrymTopEnergoServis, a company which leased three gas deposits in Crimea.[17][33][35] However, after annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, KrymTopEnergoServis ceased operation as Burisma subsidiary.[35]
Corporate matters
[edit]
Ownership
[edit]
Burisma Holdings was owned by Brociti Investments Limited, a Cyprus-based company owned by Ukrainian former politician and businessman Mykola Zlochevsky. Zlochevsky was minister of natural resources under Viktor Yanukovych, then president of Ukraine.[36] Brociti Investments acquired Burisma Holdings in 2011.[37] Before that acquisition, Mykola Zlochevsky and Mykola Lisin each owned a 50% interest in Burisma Holdings.[14][37][38] Lisin, a Ukrainian politician, died in a traffic accident in 2011.[38] As the 2012 study of Burisma done by the Anti-Corruption Action Center found the true owner of Burisma was none other than billionaire-oligarch Ihor Kolomoisky.[37] Kolomoisky had a “controlling interest” in Burisma.[39][40]
Management
[edit]
Taras Burdeinyi was the chief executive officer of Burisma Holdings,[2][13] and Alan Apter was chairman of the board of directors.[3][4] As of 14 October 2019, the members of the board of directors, in order of seniority, are Alan Apter, Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Joseph Cofer Black, Karina Zlochevska, Christina Sofocleous, Riginos Charalampous, and Marina Pericleous.[3][4] Aleksander Kwaśniewski, former president of Poland, joined the board in January 2014.[41][42] In 2017, Joseph Cofer Black, former director of the Counterterrorism Center of the Central Intelligence Agency (1999–2002) in the George W. Bush administration and former Ambassador-at-Large for counter-terrorism (2002–2004), was appointed to the board.[43] Karina Zlochevska, daughter of Mykola Zlochevskiy, was also appointed in February 2016.[3][4]
In April 2014, Devon Archer, a former senior adviser to the John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign, and Hunter Biden, an attorney and the son of then-US vice president Joe Biden, joined the board.[41][44] Archer left the company in 2018[45] and Hunter Biden left in April 2019, when his term as a director expired.[11]
Financial results
[edit]
Burisma Holdings does not disclose its financial results.[11][19] It has been calculated, based on a minimal natural gas price, that the company's revenue in 2018 may have totaled at least US$400 million.[11]
Investigations
[edit]
In April 2014, the Serious Fraud Office of the United Kingdom launched a money laundering investigation against Zlochevsky, and as a result, accounts of Burisma Holdings and its parent Brociti Investments at the London branch of BNP Paribas containing US$23 million were frozen. That money was transferred as a result of complex transactions by a company controlled by a Ukrainian businessman Serhiy Kurchenko, a subject of the European Union restrictive measures.[46] When the Ukrainian prosecutor general's office failed to provide documents needed for the investigation, a British court in January 2015 dropped the case and ordered to unfreeze the assets.[47] In September 2015, then-U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine Geoffrey Pyatt gave a speech in which he called out Ukrainian prosecutors for failing to cooperate with the investigation.[47]
Office of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine and National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine (NABU) have conducted in total 15 investigations on Burisma's owner Zlochevsky.[48] In 2016, former Prosecutor General Yuriy Lutsenko accused Burisma subsidiaries of conspiracy and tax evasion of about one billion hryvnias (US$70 million) in 2014–2015, but later during investigation subsidiaries of Burisma were not mentioned.[49] Tax audit of Esko-Pivnich by the State Fiscal Service found some violations in 2016. As a result, 50 million hryvnias (US$1.9 million) of additional taxes was paid to eliminate criminal charges.[49] In total, Burisma paid additional 180 million hryvnias (US$7.44 million) of taxes to avoid further criminal proceedings.[11][30] A criminal investigation was conducted if natural resources extraction licenses were issued to Burisma subsidiaries legally during the period Zlochevsky held government office. Although violations of the procedure were established by NABU, the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office missed procedural deadlines for a lawsuit and the case for nullifying licenses was dismissed by the court.[49] In October 2019, Prosecutor General Ruslan Riaboshapka announced that all 15 investigation cases will be reviewed.[48]
In January 2024, John Buretta (an American lawyer and former U.S. Deputy Assistant Attorney General, who was one of the key attorneys on Zlochevskyi’s defense team) retroactively filed a Foreign Agents Registration Act document for work done on behalf of Burisma and Zlochevsky in 2016. According to Buretta's law firm, the decision to file the disclosure 8 years after the fact came "after a discussion with the DOJ."[50]
See also
[edit]
Cyberwarfare by Russia
Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory
Trump–Ukraine scandal
|
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https://gazsurf.com/news
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en
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GazSurf
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https://gazsurf.com/img/favicon/favicon.ico
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KDO(N)-438Y(500Y) complete air separation unit for sale
KDO(N)-438Y(500Y) air separation plant with centrifugal compressor to produce liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen
GAZSURF HAS SIGNED A CONTRACT WITH TATNEFT TO SUPPLY EQUIPMENT FOR A PROJECT THAT WILL SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE EMISSIONS OF HARMFUL GASES INTO THE ATMOSPHERE.
GazSurf signed a contract with PJSC Tatneft for the supply of equipment for the project "Reconstruction of the cryogenic unit for deep processing of dry stripped gas with the production of new products".
GAZSURF SIGNED AN AGREEMENT WITH PJSC TATNEFT FOR THE SUPPLY OF EQUIPMENT FOR THE POLYMER SULFUR PRODUCTION UNIT
GazSurf entered into an agreement with PJSC "Tatneft" for the supply of equipment for the Polymeric Sulfur Production Unit. The commercial product of the Unit is Polymeric (insoluble) sulfur grades OT-20 and OT-33.
GazSurf started production of a small-tonnage LNG plant with a capacity of 800 kg/h
The Gazsurf company continues to develop its own production. And an important step for us was the start of work on a small-tonnage LNG plant.
Custom hydrogen compression
In January 2022, the engineering company Gazsurf completed the supply of technological equipment for a “hydrogen vacuum and compression unit based on liquid ring compressors” for the construction project of a hydrogen peroxide production facility in Novocheboksarsk for Volzhskaya Peroxide LLC. The next stage of the project implementation by the specialists of Gazsurf will be the work on the CMR and commissioning.
New stage of the project in Urikhtau
In September 2021, the engineering company Gazsurf completed the supply of equipment of its own production to the Urikhtau field in Kazakhstan. Specialists of the Gazsurf company developed and manufactured an associated petroleum gas drying unit in a block-modular design, and then delivered it to the customer's site in Kazakhstan. Now the project is at the stage of putting the equipment into operation.
"Gazsurf" completed the project for the supply of block-modular refrigeration unit
The engineering company "Gazsurf" has completed the project for the supply of a block-modular refrigeration unit for the production of dry stripped gas to the Amangeldy field. Specialists of the engineering company "Gazsurf" carried out a full range of work, which included the supply of equipment, its installation supervision and commissioning.
"Grodno Azot" put into operation the ASU
In August 2021, in Belarus, the Khimvolokno Plant of Grodno Azot began operating a cryogenic unit for air separation. The project of this block was developed by GazSurf. In addition, GazSurf manufactured and supplied equipment, after which it carried out installation supervision and commissioning and trained personnel.
Project completion for "NOVATEK-Murmansk"
In September 2021, Gazsurf completed a project on large-capacity offshore structures for NOVATEK-Murmansk. Gazsurf supplied the equipment, installed a carbon dioxide process module and a carbon dioxide storage tank, also produced by Gazsurf.
The engineering company GazSurf carried out timely development
The engineering company GazSurf carried out timely development in accordance with the Customer's Terms of Reference, manufacture and supply of equipment for the associated petroleum gas dehydration unit at the Kokuy PPCS, as well as the MMR and commissioning complex.
"GAZSURF" STARTED SHIPMENT OF ASU EQUIPMENT FOR "GRODNO AZOT"
The engineering company "GazSurf" has started shipment of equipment for a cryogenic air separation unit (ASU) as part of the reconstruction of production facilities of the branch "Plant Khimvolokno" of JSC "Grodno Azot" (Republic of Belarus).
Oxygen plant start-up at POX Hub provided by GazSurf
21 MayLocation Amur region, Russia The GazSurf completed the Oxygen plant start up at POX Hub, Amur region. Oxygen plant consist of two Air separation units - KDON-11500-50Y/50Y, gaseous oxygen 23 thsnd m3/h. Oxygen is used for gold autoclave leaching method processing.
GazSurf launched adsorption dehydration of balance gas at the Yaya Oil Refinery
Engineering company "GazSurf" has completed commissioning of the installation for adsorption drying of the balance gas of the stabilization column as part of the complex for processing straight-run gasoline fractions UK-1 of the Yaya Oil Refinery (YanNPZ). Commissioning of the unit is the next stage in the construction of the second stage of the YANPZ.
"GazSurf" launched an air separation unit for "Chelyabtekhgaz"
The engineering company "GazSurf" has completed the commissioning of an air separation unit (ASU) for LLC "Chelyabtekhgaz". ASU is designed for the production of liquid oxygen (lO 2) and nitrogen (N 2) with a capacity of 1 ton/hour.
"GazSurf" carried out maintenance of the ASU at the Baikonur Cosmodrome
GazSurf has completed the maintenance of the air separation unit (ASU) at the oxygen-nitrogen plant of the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
Oxygen plant start-up at POX Hub provided by GazSurf
The GazSurf completed the Oxygen plant start up at POX Hub, Amur region. Oxygen plant consist of two Air separation units - KDON-11500-50Y/50Y, gaseous oxygen 23 thsnd m3/h. Oxygen is used for gold autoclave leaching method processing.
GAZSURF AWARDED THE PROPANE COOLING UNIT FOR GAS PROCESSING PLANT
GazSurf has been awarded the propane cooling unit for Gas processing plant. Start of manufacturing 50 000 Nm3/h propane cooling unit for producing dry stripped gas as a part of gas processing plant reconstruction project.
GazSurf awarded sour gas dehydration unit
The engineering company Gazsurf has been awarded the TEG Dehydration Package for sour gas application.
GazSurf obtained license to ProMax software
GazSurf engineers have complete two day training – ProMax software use and settings.
GAZSURF AT INTERNATIONAL EAST RUSSIA OIL AND GAS FORUM
Alexandra Bocharova, the Head of the “GazSurf” and Michael Boldyrev, Head of the «GazSurf» Gas Processing Dept attended East Russia Oil and Gas Forum which was held in Vladivostok at 4-5th of July 2018.
GAZSURF AT GPA MIDSTREAM CONVENTION 2018
The Head of GazSurf Alexandra Bocharova and Michael Boldyrev, Head of the GazSurf Gas Processing Dept. attend the yearly GPA Midstream Convention 2018 in Austin, USA.
"ASSOCIATED PETROLEUM GAS - 2017" CONFERENCE MATERIALS
Michael Boldyrev, Head of the «GazSurf» Gas Processing Dept. delivered a presentation at the 8th International Conference «APG - 2017», held by CREON Energy company.
GAZSURF CAME FIRST IN A BID COMPETITION FOR REPAIR OF COMPRESSOR EQUIPMENT AT RN-SAKHALINMORNEFTEGAZ ODOPTU COMPRESSOR STATION.
GazSurf field service division will take on the works on intermidiate overhaul of «Ajax» DPC 2804LE reciprocating gas compressors as well as maintenance of control system and instrumentation of the compressors. Supply of the spare parts and consumables is a part of the contract.
HAZOP FOR PAO "YATEC" COMPLEX ASSOCIATED GAS TREATING STATION
Hazard and operability study (HAZOP) for complex associated gas treating station that has been commissioned by the Chairman of the Russian Government Dmitry Medvedev early July has been conducted by GazSurf specialists.
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Oman Petroleum & Energy Show on LinkedIn: #opes #energy #oil #gas #petroleum #energytransition #cleanenergy #oman…
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https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4D10AQGb34O0eMjbEg/image-shrink_1280/image-shrink_1280/0/1706670001299?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=sme-qHtocZYn5yPxZVBijGGqgthW8qJfBK3iMHQC4ZM
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[
"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E3DAQETjZW3MwNggQ/image-scale_191_1128/image-scale_191_1128/0/1723440448204/opes_oman_cover?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=NQBO8v3ZlYmWWnonuvjy3pD1729AtBG20bNTVwUNUJo"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Oman Petroleum & Energy Show"
] |
2024-01-31T03:00:07.124000+00:00
|
We proudly welcome Value Engineering Center as an exhibitor at the Oman Petroleum and Energy Show (OPES).
Secure your participation today to get noticed by…
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en
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https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/al2o9zrvru7aqj8e1x2rzsrca
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https://www.linkedin.com/posts/opes-oman_opes-energy-oil-activity-7158292837682294785-TBF_
|
Trillion Energy International Inc. (CSE:TCF, OTCQB:TRLEF) expects to produce an average of 23,096 MCF (1,000 cubic feet) per day at its South Akcakoca Sub-Basin (SASB) gas field in the #BlackSea during 2024. Based on optimization work at the SASB field to ensure all six drilled and completed wells are able to produce concurrently, the company said it expects to exit 2023 with SASB field production of 15,397 MCF per day. Optimization work includes the addition of a compressor at the Cayagzi #gas process facility to reduce inlet pressure from 125 to 135 pounds per square inch (psi) to 50 to 60 psi and the installation of an artificial lift to reduce water loading in two of the six wells. #TrillionEnergy said to meet its 2024 production guidance, it intends to drill five new sidetracked production wells from existing platforms at the SASB gas field to raise the total number of producing wells to 11. More at #Proactive #ProactiveInvestors #CSE #OTCQB #TCF #TRLEF http://ow.ly/fr3B104VxLJ
Information and forecast on the Qatar gas sector. The country is a leader in gas exports. It ranks third in the international arena of gas exporters. The sources of analytical information about the Qatar gas sector were formed on the basis of such resources as: GLNG | GIIGNL | BP | SVSPD | STATISTIA #qatar #gas #forecast #noramternov
Saudi Arabia announces discovery of major oil and natural gas fields Ministry of Energy, Saudi Arabia announced the discovery of new oil and natural gas fields in the Eastern Province and the Empty Quarter. 🔽 Find more info in comments below 🔽 #SaudiArabia #OilDiscovery #NaturalGas #EasternProvince #EmptyQuarter #EnergySector #OilandGas #RenewableEnergy #GreenEnergy ⤵️ Click Follow on our page to keep up to date with energy news ⤵️
#ModularProcessPlants is the future. At Gas Processing Equipment Pvt. Ltd. we have engineered Modular plants as well as #Skids. It reduces risks of #OnSite #Construction with #Prefabrication being done on shop floor. Write to marketing@gasprocessing.in for #Engineering and #Manufacturing of your #ModularDesign needs. #ChemicalEngineering #ProcessIntensification #refinery #Modularization #AIChE
𝗚𝗹𝗼𝗯𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿 𝗚𝗮𝘀 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗻𝘁 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗲𝘁 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗧𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘀 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗜𝗻-𝗱𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗵 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘀𝗶𝘀. Global Modular #Gas Processing Plants has been rising steadily in recent years, presenting strong growth prospects for companies. #Governments have also implanted policies and programs to support the development of modular gas processing plants. An in-depth #analysis of market dynamics, which includes drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges. 𝗚𝗲𝘁 𝗗𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗱 𝗣𝗗𝗙: https://lnkd.in/gBxBTtz6 𝗕𝘆 𝗧𝘆𝗽𝗲: LNG, LPG, CNG, Others 𝗕𝘆 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: Onshore, Offshore 𝗕𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗲𝘁 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿𝘀: Honeywell Pioneer Energy Gas Processing Equipment Pvt. Ltd. JFE Engineering Corp The Linda Greene Group, Inc. JGC Investment Holdings LLC Chiyoda Corporation Black & Veatch LUKOIL OIL COMPANY - SOUTH AFRICA #𝗺𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗲𝘁𝘀𝗶𝘇𝗲 #𝗺𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘀 #𝗺𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗲𝘁𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗮𝘀𝘁 #𝗺𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘀𝗶𝘀 #𝗺𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗲𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 #𝗺𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗲𝘁𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘄𝘁𝗵 #𝗺𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗲𝘁𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗱 #𝗴𝗮𝘀
#DidYouKnow 💡 There was a total of 806 operational oil pipelines in the world as of October 2023. The number of oil pipelines under construction at that time was 25. This was notably lower than the number of gas pipelines worldwide, as the fossil fuel is more commonly transported via pipelines than crude oil. As reported by Statista still in October 2023, there was a total of 1,869 operational gas pipelines worldwide. Seven pipelines, two of which located in Russia, were retired and China had the largest number of the operational gas pipelines. Credit: Statista Yarub Al Senani East African Crude Oil Pipeline Acumen Research and Consulting Oil & Gas Pipeline Engineering Pty Ltd Pipeline Oil and Gas #pipeline #oilandgas #didyouknowfacts
Russia & CIS Energy Daily№ 229(6312) from 12/5/2023 #cis #russia #emergingmarkets #kazakhstan #oil #gas #equityresearch #fixedincome #portfoliomanager KazMunayGas puts East Urikhtau oil and gas field in Aktobe region commercially on streamASTANA. Dec 4 (Interfax) - KazMunayGas has put the East Urikhtau field in Kazakhstan's Aktobe region commercially in stream, Kazakhstan's national oil and gas company said in a press release. "Oil production in Eastern Urikhtau is expected to amount to 89,000 tonnes of oil and about 46 million cubic meters of gas in 2024. As mature oil and gas fields become depleted, the commissioning of this field is of particular importance in terms of increasing hydrocarbon resources to ensure the country's energy security," KMG said.
#Pressure_Relief_Valve Market Forecasts Remarkable Growth in the Period 2023–2032 https://lnkd.in/drWZYZ7j The major contributing factor for the rising #demand for valves is emerging economies investing in new industrial projects in the #oil & #gas #industry, water infrastructure, and other industries. Oil & Gas pipeline projects currently under implementation would further increase the sales of the valves. As the industries are expanding businesses across the various sectors, it creates an #opportunity for #instrumentation and #equipment to grow as well. The Weir Group PLC Curtiss-Wright Corporation IMI PLC Flow Safe Velan Inc. #Pressure_Relief_Valve #industrial_equipment #business_opportunities #marketanalysis #marketresearch #opportunities #business #future
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Urikhtau gas field
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[
"https://en.wikipedia-on-ipfs.org/I/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png.webp"
] |
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""
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urikhtau_gas_field
|
The Urikhtau gas field is a natural gas field in the Aktobe Region of Kazakhstan. It was discovered in 1983 and developed by KazMunayGas. It has proven reserves of around 1.5 trillion cubic feet (42.2Ã109m³), with daily production averaging 35 million cubic feet (1Ã106m³).[1]
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https://www.rigzone.com/news/chevron_qazaqgas_tie_up_for_gas_exploration_in_western_kazakhstan-04-jul-2024-177299-article/
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en
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Chevron, QazaqGas Tie Up for Gas Exploration in Western Kazakhstan
|
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[
"oil and gas petroleum news events stories articles analysis commentary headlines stocks finance commodities maps pictures"
] | null |
[
"Jov Onsat"
] |
2024-07-04T08:45:25+00:00
|
Kazakhstan's national gas company and Chevron Munaigas signed a cooperation agreement for natural gas exploration in the Aktobe region.
|
en
|
https://www.rigzone.com/news/chevron_qazaqgas_tie_up_for_gas_exploration_in_western_kazakhstan-04-jul-2024-177299-article/
|
JSC NC QazaqGaz and Chevron Munaigas Inc. have signed a cooperation agreement for natural gas exploration in the Aktobe region in western Kazakhstan.
The Chevron Corp. subsidiary will in the initial phase reprocess seismic data for the target area, which is near the already proven Urikhtau and Zhanazhol fields, Kazakhstan’s national gas company said in a statement.
“The respective parties view the signed agreement as a potential starting point for more extensive collaboration”, QazaqGaz said.
The exploration campaign is also supported by Samruk-Kazyna JSC and the Central Asian country’s Energy Ministry, according to the statement.
QazaqGas chair Sanzhar Zharkeshov said in the statement, “Further geological exploration and development of a potential gas condensate or oil and gas condensate field at the Zhalibek site is expected to enhance the commercial gas resource base and drive economic growth in the country”.
Zharkeshov added the agreement for gas exploration with the United States oil and gas giant signals an increasing attractiveness of Kazakhstan to international gas players.
“Our strategic partnership with Kazakhstan has spanned more than three decades, and this agreement creates new opportunities for potentially advancing Kazakhstan's energy sector”, Chevron managing director for Eurasia Derek Magness commented. “Chevron recognizes the importance of gas development and related potential opportunities within Kazakhstan's gas industry".
In 2022 Chevron Munaigas and QazaqGaz inked a memorandum of understanding for collaboration in hydrocarbon exploration and production, gas processing and energy transition.
Last year Kazakhstan produced 30.8 billion cubic meters (1.1 trillion cubic feet) of gas, while its gas consumption stood at 21.4 Bcm (755.7 Bcf), according to the Energy Institute’s Statistical Review of World Energy.
Chevron is the first multinational to enter Kazakhstan, in 1993, according to the San Ramon, California-based integrated energy company.
Currently it holds a 50 percent stake in the Tengizchevroil joint venture, which develops the Tengiz field and the nearby Korolev field. Chevron estimates 25.5 billion barrels of oil in place in Tengiz and 1.6 billion barrels in Korolev. Chevron pegs recoverable oil from the two at 7.1 billion to 10.9 billion barrels. Tengizchevroil contributed 358,000 oil-equivalent barrels per day to Chevron’s net production last year, according to the company’s supplemental report to its annual report for 2023.
Chevron also owns an 18 percent interest in the Karachaganak gas condensate field.
Downstream, Chevron holds a 15 percent stake in the Caspian Pipeline Consortium, which operates a 1,505-kilometer (935.2 miles) conduit that carries petroleum from Tengiz and Karachaganak for export overseas, Chevron says on its website.
Chevron also owns the Atyrau Polyethylene Pipe Plant.
To contact the author, email jov.onsat@rigzone.com
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https://www.theasset.com/article/20652/investors-eye-abundance-of-oil%3Fid%3D20652%26subm%3Darticle
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Investors eye abundance of oil
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Kazakhstan has vast oil reserves and is ramping up production. The prospects for foreign investors look bright, but there are risks too
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https://www.theasset.com/theasset.com
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https://www.ogj.com/home/article/17267145/kazakhstan-urikhtau-gas-condensate-project-eyed
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Kazakhstan: Urikhtau gas-condensate project eyed
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2011-02-24T00:00:00
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Kazakhstan’s Kazmunaigaz and China National Petroleum Corp. have formed a 50-50 joint venture to develop Urikhtau field in northwestern Kazakhstan and eventually ship natural ...
|
en
|
https://img.ogj.com/files/base/ebm/ogj/image/uploads/1627934748795-favicon.ico
|
Oil & Gas Journal
|
https://www.ogj.com/home/article/17267145/kazakhstan-urikhtau-gas-condensate-project-eyed
|
By OGJ editors
HOUSTON, Feb. 24 – Kazakhstan’s Kazmunaigaz and China National Petroleum Corp. have formed a 50-50 joint venture to develop Urikhtau field in northwestern Kazakhstan and eventually ship natural gas to China via pipeline, according to press reports.
Urikhtau field is a giant gas-condensate field with oil rims on the northeast flank of the North Caspian basin 100 miles southeast of Aktobe. It was discovered in 1983.
Soviet-era estimates of recoverable volumes were 1.4 tcf of gas, 85 million bbl of condensate, 47 million bbl of oil, and 84 bcf of associated gas. These may be conservative, however, considering the field’s sparsely drilled status by Soviet break-up.
Bracketing Urikhtau field area Zhanazhol and Kenkiyak fields, also operated by CNPC. Reservoirs at the three fields are Carboniferous in age.
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https://caspianbarrel.org/en/2024/04/it-is-planned-to-produce-60-bcm-of-gas-in-kazakhstan-in-2024/
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It is planned to produce 60 bcm of gas in Kazakhstan in 2024
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2024-04-29T14:53:35+04:00
|
The Ministry of Energy of Kazakhstan, together with “QazaqGaz,” has formed a forecast gas balance until 2030, the press service
|
en
|
Caspian Barrel
|
https://caspianbarrel.org/en/2024/04/it-is-planned-to-produce-60-bcm-of-gas-in-kazakhstan-in-2024/
|
The Ministry of Energy of Kazakhstan, together with “QazaqGaz,” has formed a forecast gas balance until 2030, the press service of the ministry reports.
“In recent years, gas production in the country has been steadily growing. According to the projected gas balance, gas production is expected to increase to 60.456 bcm in 2024. The production plan for commercial gas for 2024 is 28.054 bcm. According to the projected gas balance, the current domestic consumption in 2024 is 20.9 bcm,” the ministry reports.
In 2023, gas production in Kazakhstan amounted to 59.063 bcm, including 16.009 bcm at large “Tengiz” fields, 22.385 bcm at “Karachaganak,” 11.856 bcm at “Kashagan,” and 8.813 bcm at other fields.
The ministry clarified that more than 85% of Kazakhstan’s gas production is provided by the “Tengiz” (27%), “Karachaganak” (38%) and “Kashagan” (20%) projects.
Vice Minister of Energy Askhat Khasenov said that in order to eliminate gas shortages in the country, production at the “Rozhkovskoye,” “Yuzhny Aksai” and “Anabai” fields was launched in 2023. In the medium term, it is expected to launch several more” Urikhtau Tsentralny,” “Zapadnaya Prorva,” and “Kalamkas” gas projects with recoverable gas reserves of more than 69 bcm.
He also said that compared to 2006, the volume of gas combustion has decreased by 10 times.
“The burning of crude gas in flares is prohibited, except in cases of threat or emergency situations, the life of personnel or public health and the environment, as well as in case of technologically unavoidable combustion to ensure an uninterrupted process of hydrocarbon production – maintenance and repair of technological equipment, as well as technological failures, failures and deviations in the operation of technological equipment. In 2023, the volume of burned gas in flares amounted to 307 million m3. The share of recycling was 99.5%, the department explained.
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 6
|
https://www.azernews.az/region/225531.html
|
en
|
KazMunayGas puts into operation three new gas fields in 2023
|
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2024-05-04T18:09:00+04:00
|
Kazakhstan's KazMunayGas (KMG, national oil and gas company) commissioned three new gas fields in 2023 in order to increase gas supplies to the domestic market, Azernews reports.
|
en
|
/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png?v=20220612
|
Azernews.Az
|
https://www.azernews.az/region/225531.html
|
Kazakhstan's KazMunayGas (KMG, national oil and gas company) commissioned three new gas fields in 2023 in order to increase gas supplies to the domestic market, Azernews reports, citing the company's annual report.
Thus, the Aksai Yuzhny, Eastern Urikhtau and Rozhkovskoye fields were put into operation.
Production at the Aksai Yuzhny gas condensate field (recoverable gas reserves of 1.7 billion cubic meters) began in May 2023. Thanks to production at this field, Kazgermunai (a joint venture with KMG participation) will additionally supply up to 100 million cubic meters of gas per year to residents of the Kyzylorda region.
The Eastern Urikhtau oil and gas field was commissioned in December 2023. The Eastern Urikhtau field (recoverable oil reserves of 4 million tons and dissolved gas of 2.2 billion cubic meters) was discovered in 2015.
There are currently six production wells in operation at the field, and there are plans to drill nine more wells, which will increase oil production to 200,000 tons per year, and associated gas production to 100 million cubic meters per year.
Moreover, in December 2023 the Rozhkovskoye gas condensate field (recoverable gas reserves of 26.9 billion cubic meters, recoverable condensate reserves of 12.5 million tons) was also put into operation. The gas condensate field was discovered in 2008 as a result of a wide range of geological exploration work.
Raw gas from the field will be supplied to the gas processing facilities of Zhaikmunai LLP, after which commercial gas will be supplied to the domestic market. When reaching full capacity, the field will produce 1 billion cubic meters of gas per year, over 500,000 tons of condensate per year.
Meanwhile, the volume of oil and gas condensate production by KazMunayGas amounted to 23.5 million tons (486,000 barrels per day) in 2023. The volume of oil and gas condensate production grew by 6.5 percent in 2022.
At the same time, natural and related gas output climbed by 14.8 percent over the reporting period, reaching 9.45 billion cubic meters.
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 59
|
https://inspenet.com/en/noticias/chevron-gas-exploration-agreement-kazakhstan/
|
en
|
Chevron signs agreement for possible gas exploration in Kazakhstan
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2024-07-06T14:04:00-04:00
|
Chevron and QazaqGaz cooperate on gas exploration in Kazakhstan, reprocessing seismic data at the Zhalibek site.
|
en
|
Inspenet
|
https://inspenet.com/en/noticias/chevron-gas-exploration-agreement-kazakhstan/
|
QazaqGaz and Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc. have formalized a cooperation agreement that could lead to geological exploration at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe region near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields.
Initially, Chevron will be responsible for reprocessing existing seismic data and developing detailed technical interpretations. Negotiations and technical preparations for this project have been carried out over the past year. The parties involved believe that this agreement could be the beginning of a broader collaboration.
The vision of companies regarding gas exploration
Derek Magness, General Manager of Chevron’s Eurasia Business Unit, expressed his satisfaction at strengthening cooperation with QazaqGaz through this gas project. He highlighted that Chevron’s strategic partnership with Kazakhstan has endured for more than three decades and this new agreement opens up significant opportunities for the advancement of the country’s energy sector.
According to Magness, Chevron recognizes the importance of gas development and the potential opportunities this sector offers in Kazakhstan.
It may interest you
For his part, Sanzhar Zharkeshov, Chairman of the Board of Directors of QazaqGaz, expressed his anticipation of working with Chevron to discover new gas prospects. Zharkeshov indicated that geological exploration and development of a potential gas condensate or oil and gas field at Zhalibek could enhance the commercial gas resource base and boost the country’s economic growth.
He also stressed that, following the Head of State’s directive to accelerate exploration projects in the gas sector, the potential of Kazakhstan’s gas industry is increasingly attracting international investors and multinational companies.
This project at the Zhalibek site is part of a broader plan to expand gas capacity and infrastructure in Kazakhstan. The collaboration between QazaqGaz and Chevron is a significant step towards harnessing the country’s natural resources, which is crucial to its long-term economic development.
Follow us on social networks and don’t miss any of our publications!
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|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 6
|
https://www.azernews.az/region/225531.html
|
en
|
KazMunayGas puts into operation three new gas fields in 2023
|
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2024-05-04T18:09:00+04:00
|
Kazakhstan's KazMunayGas (KMG, national oil and gas company) commissioned three new gas fields in 2023 in order to increase gas supplies to the domestic market, Azernews reports.
|
en
|
/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png?v=20220612
|
Azernews.Az
|
https://www.azernews.az/region/225531.html
|
Kazakhstan's KazMunayGas (KMG, national oil and gas company) commissioned three new gas fields in 2023 in order to increase gas supplies to the domestic market, Azernews reports, citing the company's annual report.
Thus, the Aksai Yuzhny, Eastern Urikhtau and Rozhkovskoye fields were put into operation.
Production at the Aksai Yuzhny gas condensate field (recoverable gas reserves of 1.7 billion cubic meters) began in May 2023. Thanks to production at this field, Kazgermunai (a joint venture with KMG participation) will additionally supply up to 100 million cubic meters of gas per year to residents of the Kyzylorda region.
The Eastern Urikhtau oil and gas field was commissioned in December 2023. The Eastern Urikhtau field (recoverable oil reserves of 4 million tons and dissolved gas of 2.2 billion cubic meters) was discovered in 2015.
There are currently six production wells in operation at the field, and there are plans to drill nine more wells, which will increase oil production to 200,000 tons per year, and associated gas production to 100 million cubic meters per year.
Moreover, in December 2023 the Rozhkovskoye gas condensate field (recoverable gas reserves of 26.9 billion cubic meters, recoverable condensate reserves of 12.5 million tons) was also put into operation. The gas condensate field was discovered in 2008 as a result of a wide range of geological exploration work.
Raw gas from the field will be supplied to the gas processing facilities of Zhaikmunai LLP, after which commercial gas will be supplied to the domestic market. When reaching full capacity, the field will produce 1 billion cubic meters of gas per year, over 500,000 tons of condensate per year.
Meanwhile, the volume of oil and gas condensate production by KazMunayGas amounted to 23.5 million tons (486,000 barrels per day) in 2023. The volume of oil and gas condensate production grew by 6.5 percent in 2022.
At the same time, natural and related gas output climbed by 14.8 percent over the reporting period, reaching 9.45 billion cubic meters.
|
||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 13
|
https://caliber.az/en/post/214937/
|
en
|
Kazakhstan to commission two large gas fields
|
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2024-08-12T05:51:02.144000+00:00
|
The national company of Kazakhstan, KazMunayGas (KMG), intends to commission the Western Prorva and Kalamkas fields in 2027
|
en
|
https://caliber.az/templates/Caliber2022/api/favicon.ico
|
https://caliber.az/en/post/214937/
|
REGION 05 January 2024 - 11:03
The national company of Kazakhstan, KazMunayGas (KMG), intends to commission the Western Prorva and Kalamkas fields in 2027.
The production will amount to 1.1 billion cubic meters per year, Caliber.Az reports citing the KMG press service on January 5.
In addition, within three to four years, KMG plans to launch the Central Urikhtau field - about 1 billion cubic metres of gas per year. Last year, the company began the exploitation of the Aksay Yuzhny, Vostochny Urikhtau and Rozhkovskoye fields.
Caliber.Az
Subscribe to our Telegram channel
|
|||||
2246
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 11
|
https://www.naturalgasworld.com/kazakhstans-qazaqgaz-chevron-sign-cooperation-agreement-111987
|
en
|
Kazakhstan's QazaqGaz, Chevron sign cooperation agreement
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The companies plan to undertake geological exploration at the Zhalibek site in Kazakhstan's Aktobe region, near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields. [Image: QazaqGaz]
|
/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png
|
https://www.naturalgasworld.com/kazakhstans-qazaqgaz-chevron-sign-cooperation-agreement-111987
|
Summary
The companies plan to undertake geological exploration at the Zhalibek site in Kazakhstan's Aktobe region, near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields. [Image: QazaqGaz]
by: Shardul Sharma
Kazakh state-owned gas company QazaqGaz and US energy major Chevron Corporation have signed a cooperation agreement for potential geological exp...
|
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2246
|
dbpedia
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3
| 4
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Kazakhstan
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en
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Energy in Kazakhstan
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Kazakhstan
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Energy in Kazakhstan describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Kazakhstan and the politics of Kazakhstan related to energy.
Kazakhstan is net energy exporter. Kazakhstan has oil, gas, coal and uranium reserves. Kazakhstan is a leading energy producer in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). It is a major producer of oil, gas, and coal, as well as being the largest producer and exporter of uranium ore in the world. [1] Kazakhstan's oil and gas industry has been intensively developing after 1999.[2] China is one of the biggest investors in Kazakhstan's oil and gas industry.[3][4][5] Kazakhstan 2050 Strategy commits to 50% of energy consumption come from renewable or alternative sources.[6]
Energy in Kazakhstan[7] Population
(million) Primary energy
(TWh) Production
(TWh) Export
(TWh) Electricity
(TWh) CO2-emission
(Mt) 2004 15.0 638 1,379 742 54.4 162.2 2007 15.5 773 1,582 811 68.9 190.5 2008 15.7 825 1,723 899 73.5 201.6 2009 15.9 766 1,696 931 71.6 189.5 2012 16.6 908 1,863 972 81.0 234.2 2012R 16.79 871 1,915 1,023 85.4 225.8 2013 17.04 948 1,966 994 83.4 244.9 Change 2004-09 6.0% 20.1% 22.9% 25.6% 31.7% 16.9% Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses.
2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated
According to IEA primary energy supply increased 29% and energy export 21% from 2004 to 2008 in Kazakhstan.
Energy by sources
[edit]
In 2018 about half of energy was from coal and about a quarter each from oil and natural gas.[8] Kazakhstan started looking for ways to use its renewable energy sources.[9] In 2015, an action plan was adopted on the development of renewable energy for the period of 2013 to 2020.[9] Also in 2015, Kazakhstan Investment and Development Minister announced that the country would establish a special fund engaged in financing energy-saving programs.[9] In 2016, Kazakhstan significantly increased the installed capacity of renewable energy facilities, which totaled 251.55 megawatts. It is 1.4 times more than in the same period of 2015.[10]
Oil
[edit]
Kazakhstan has estimated 30 billion barrels of oil reserves. With 172 oilfields, Kazakhstan possesses 3% of global oil reserves, putting it among the world's top 15 countries in terms of oil reserves.[11] The main reserves are in five largest onshore oil fields of Tengiz – the largest oil producing field with 565,000 barrels per day of crude in 2011 - Karachaganak, Aktobe, Mangistau, and Uzen, all of which are located in the western part of the country. These hold half of current proven reserves. The offshore fields of Kashagan and Kurmanagazy in the Caspian Sea are estimated to hold minimum 14 million barrels. With 9 – 11 billion barrels, Kashagan is the largest oil field outside of the Middle East. It is estimated to come on stream in 2016 and reach production of 1.5 million barrels per day at its peak. Kazakhstan is a major oil producer with an estimated total production of 1.64 million barrels per day in 2013. The country consumes around 13 percent of the supply domestically and exports the rest to major oil markets. To continue expanding the liquids production above its current levels, the country needs to develop its Tengiz, Karachaganak, and Kashagan fields as well as add export capacity.[12]
KazMunayGas (KMG), the national oil and gas company, was created in 2002 to represent the interests of the state in the oil and gas industry. The oil production development has been made possible largely due to significant foreign investment, primarily from the Netherlands and the US in the early 2000s. In 2010, the Kazakh government took away KMG's responsibility to regulate the sector to enable the company's higher level of involvement in the commercial sector. The government now reserves a majority stake for KMG in all new projects and joint ventures. KMG now controls 20 percent of total oil and gas proved reserves of Kazakhstan and produces 27 percent of total oil and gas condensate and 14 percent of gas.[13]
Kazakhstan has three major refineries - Atyrau,[14] Shymkent and Pavlodar. Their combined crude refining capacity amounts to around 350,000 barrels per day, roughly evenly split amongst the three. Due to aged infrastructure, they mostly operate only at 60 percent of their capacity. The government has made significant investment in the modernization of these units to be completed around 2016.[12]
In mid-2016, a group of oil companies led by Chevron announced a $36.8 billion investment deal for the development of Kazakhstan's Tengiz oil field. According to experts, this investment may allow Kazakhstan to become a top 10 oil producer.[15]
Kazakhstan decreased its oil production by 4.3% as part of the agreements reached with the OPEC +.[16] OPEC+, which also includes non-OPEC allies, including Kazakhstan and Russia, agreed in April to a record global oil cut of 9.7 million barrels per day from May 1.[17] In November 2020, the Kazakh Government confirmed that the country fulfilled the OPEC+ obligations by 99%.[17]
Kazakhstan is estimated to have around 30 billion barrels (4.8×109 m3) of crude oil reserves.[18] In 2018, this would make Kazakhstan twelfth in the amount of total proven oil reserves globally.[19] When discovered in the 1990s, the Kashagan oil field was the second largest oil field in the world.[20] In 2000s, the oil production has increased rapidly due to foreign investment and improvements in production efficiencies. In 2006, Kazakhstan produced 54 million tons of crude oil and 10.5 million tons of gas condensate 565,000,000 bbl (89,800,000 m3), which makes Kazakhstan eighteenth-largest oil producer in the world.[18] At these production levels Kazakhstan is thought to have approximately 50 years of remaining production. According to the president Nursultan Nazarbayev, Kazakhstan is planning to increase its oil production up to 3.5 million barrels (560,000 m3) of oil a day, of which 3 million will go to export. This will lift Kazakhstan into the ranks of the world's top 10 oil-producing nations.[21] The government views the oil and gas sector as strategically important for the economy and the share of state involvement in the management over petroleum resources remains high.[22]
The main production sites are the Tengiz field 290,000 bbl/d (46,000 m3/d), located on the northeast shores of the Caspian, and the Karachaganak field 210,000 bbl/d (33,000 m3/d), located inland near to Russian border. In future Kazakh oil production will also rely on the Kashagan field, the largest oil field outside the Middle East, which possess anywhere from 7 Gbbl (1.1×10^9 m3) to 13 Gbbl (2.1×10^9 m3) in recoverable reserves, and the Kurmangazy field in Northern Kazakhstan.[23] There are some smaller oil fields near the Chinese border, which are not developed/operational yet.[18][24] 76% of Kazakhstan's oil and gas production and remaining reserves are concentrated in these three oil fields, as well as the Uzen Field. 14% of reserves and production are located in 6 further fields.
The leading oil industry is state-owned oil company KazMunayGas. The landmark foreign investment in Kazakh oil industry is the TengizChevroil joint venture, owned 50% by ChevronTexaco, 25% by ExxonMobil, 20% by the Government of Kazakhstan, and 5% by Lukarco of Russia. The Karachaganak natural gas and gas condensate field is being developed by BG, Agip, ChevronTexaco, and Lukoil. Also Chinese, Indian and Korean oil companies are involved in the Kazakhstan's oil industry.
Kazakhstan has three oil refineries: in Pavlodar, in Atyrau,[14] and in Shymkent. Pavlodar and Shymkent refineries process West Siberian crude oil, which is imported through the Omsk (Russia) - Pavlodar (Kazakhstan) - Shymkent - Türkmenabat (Turkmenistan) pipeline.[25]
Natural Gas
[edit]
Kazakhstan's proven reserves of natural gas are 85 trillion cubic feet. (2013). Majority of natural gas reserves are located in the west of Kazakhstan and concentrated in four fields – Karachanganak (46 percent), Tengiz (12 percent), Imashevskoye (7 percent) and Kashagan (12 percent).[26] Between 2000 and 2012 the natural gas production increased four times to 40.1 billion cubic meters in 2012. However, only 53 percent of this gas was for commercial purposes; the rest was re-injected into oil fields to enhance production.[27]
Kazakhstan's gas production suffices to meet domestic demand of 10.5 billion cubic meters (2012). However, due to limited internal gas pipeline network that does not connect all the production centers (west) with demand centers (south, east, north), the country needs to import gas from Uzbekistan to satisfy the demand in the south of the country and from Russia to satisfy demand in the north and east. In 2012, the country exported 8.8 billion cubic meters of gas to China through the Central Asia – China pipeline. Kazakhstan serves as a major transit country for gas exports from Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan that are destined to Russia and China. In 2012, the amount of gas transited through Kazakhstan was 96.5 billion cubic meters.[12]
Kazakhstan's domestic hydrocarbon reserves amount to 3.3–3.7 trillion cubic metres of gas, of which 2.5 tcm are proven.[28] However, Kazakhstan became a net gas exporter only in 2003.[29] In 2007, Kazakhstan produced 29 bcm of natural gas and plans to increase its gas output to 60-80 bcm a year by 2015.[28] The major natural gas fields are Karachaganak, Tengiz, Kashagan, Amangeldy, Zhanazhol, Urikhtau and Chinarevskoye.[30] Kazakhstan's major gas company is KazMunaiGaS JSC that has a reported annual income of about $3 billion in 2013.[31]
Coal
[edit]
Kazakhstan sits on Central Asia's largest recoverable coal reserves. At 33.6 billion tonnes the reserves represent 3.8 percent of global total reserves. (2013). In 2013, the country produced 58.4 million tonnes.[32] Coal production stands at 70 percent of what it was during the Soviet Union. The largest coal producer is Bogatyr Coal that operates the largest 4.5 billion tons open-pit coal mine in the world in Ekibastuz in the northeastern region of Kazakhstan. In 2012 Bogatyr Coal produced 46 million tons of coal.[33]
Majority of coal, 75 percent, is used for domestic consumption, power generation in particular. The largest importers of Kazakhstan's oil include the neighboring southern Russia and Ukraine.[34]
A major concern of the coal mines of Kazakhstan is safety and prevention and control of mine explosions.[35]
In 2009 Kazakhstan was 8. top coal producer: 96 million tonnes hard coal and 5 million tonnes brown coal. 22 Mt of hard coal was exported (2009). In 2009 Kazakhstan was world 8. top coal exporter. The top hard coal net exporters in 2009 were (Mt): Australia 262, Indonesia 230, Russia 93, Colombia 69, South Africa 67, United States 33, Vietnam 25, Kazakhstan 22, Canada 20 and Czech Republic 4.[36] The coal of Kazakhstan has low energy value 0.444 toe/tonne compared to e.g. in this respect top coal of Australia 0.689 toe/tonne.[37]
Assuming both hard coal 96 Mt and brown coal 6 Mt having about the same energy value,: the coal production would have been about 101 Mt*0.444 toe/Mt*11.630 TWh/toe = 521 TWh in 2009 and export .22*0.444 toe/Mt*11.630 TWh/toe = 114 TWh.
Although Kazakhstan is a substantial producer of oil and gas, coal has dominated both energy production and consumption.[38] It contains Central Asia's largest recoverable coal reserves, with 34.5 billion short tons of mostly anthracitic and bituminous coal.[39] Major coal fields are Bogatyr and Severny. In 2005, Kazakhstan was the 9th biggest producer of coal in the world, and the 10th global exporter.[40] Russia is the largest importer of Kazakh coal, followed by Ukraine. The biggest coal production company is Bogatyr Access Komir, which accounts for approximately 35% of Kazakh coal output.
Electricity
[edit]
An executive order directs that renewables sources supply 15% of Kazakhstan's total energy grid by 2030. If achieved, the domestic energy and labor sectors would be reshaped.[41]
In 2013, the country produced 93.76 billion kWH - 70 billion kWh (81%) from coal, 8 from gas and 8 from hydro. The country has 71 power stations, including 5 hydro power plants located on the Irtysh river, which translates to total installed generating capacity of 19.6 GW. 75 percent of electricity generated is consumed by industry, 11 percent by households, 2 percent by transportation.[42]
Kazakhstan largest solar power station "Burboye Solar-1" LLP was commissioned in July 2015. Since then during a year of operation the solar power station produced over 38.4 million kWh. Besides "Burboye Solar-1", the Zhambyl region implements nine projects of alternative energy sources.[43]
In 2021 it was the 3rd largest Bitcoin miner.[44]
Policy
[edit]
Kazakhstan owns large reserves of energy resources. Although Kazakhstan has not described itself as an energy superpower, Kazakhstan's former president Nursultan Nazarbayev claimed Kazakhstan will become a factor of energy security in Asia and Europe.[21] Kazakhstan has a strategic geographical location to control oil and gas flows from Central Asia to East (China) and West (Russia, EU, global market).[45]
Kazakhstan was a partner country of the EU INOGATE energy programme, which had four key topics: enhancing energy security, convergence of member state energy markets on the basis of EU internal energy market principles, supporting sustainable energy development, and attracting investment for energy projects of common and regional interest.[46]
In 2013 Kazakhstan became the first country in Central Asia to launch an economy-wide carbon emissions system to cap emissions from its biggest emitters in the energy, coal, oil and gas extraction sectors.[47]
Overview
[edit]
The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources was the responsible governmental agency for energy policies until March 2010 when it was dissolved and replaced by the Ministry of Oil and Gas and the Ministry for Industry and New Technologies.[48]
In June 2003, the government of Kazakhstan announced a new Caspian Sea development program, according to which new offshore blocks of oil and gas to be auctioned. In 2005, the government introduced new restrictions granting to the state-owned oil and gas company KazMunayGas status of contractor and at least half of any production sharing agreement (PSA). New tax structure, enforced in January 2004, included a so-called "rent tax" on exports, a progressive tax that increases as oil prices grow. The amendment raised the government's share of oil income to a range of 65-85%.The new structure includes an excess profit tax, and limits foreign participation to 50 percent in each offshore project with no guarantees of operatorship.[23]
In 2005, Kazakhstan amended the subsoil law to preempt the sale of oil assets in the country and to extend the government’s power to buy back energy assets by limiting the transfer of property rights to strategic assets in Kazakhstan.[23]
In 2013, Kazakhstan adopted the Energy Efficiency 2020 Program that would reduce emission 10% every year until 2015. Adopted by Prime Minister Serik Akhmetov, this new law would help reduce emissions and help with energy efficient solutions from large companies to small families. 2,000 industrial enterprises would be energy audits to meet with the new law. The program in the long run reduces the amount of energy per square meter by 30% and reduce costs by 14%.[49]
The idea of building a nuclear power plant gained great prominence among the Government members during the early 2020s. In June 2024, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev announced, that a referendum regarding the issue is to be held in autumn. The nuclear power plant is planned to be built in Ülken, Jambyl District, Almaty Region.[50]
Primary energy sources
[edit]
Kazakhstan oil, gas, coal and uranium reserves are among the ten biggest in the world.
Uranium
[edit]
Kazakhstan is the number one [51] country in the world for uranium production volumes, and it owns the world second biggest uranium reserves after Australia (around 1.5 million tons or nearly 19% of the explored reserves of uranium in the world).[52][53] In 2012 Kazakhstan produced 20,900 metric tons of uranium, of which 11,900 metric tons were produced by Kazatomprom, a state-owned holding company (2011: 19,450 total / 11,079 Kazatomprom).[54] Kazatomprom also represents Kazakhstan in the joint ventures with Russian Tekhsnabexport, French AREVA and Canadian Cameco.
All of produced uranium is going for export as the country's only nuclear power plant in Aktau was shut down in June 1999. There is a plan to build a new 1,500 MW nuclear plant in the southeast of Kazakhstan, near Lake Balkash.[55]
According to the mayor, Kyzylorda is planning to produce two-thirds of Kazakhstan's uranium by 2015.[56]
In 2014, Kazakhstan and the IAEA would sign an agreement to establish a low-enriched uranium fuel bank. The bank would be a place for countries to contribute uranium and disperse it to other nations safely for energy means with the IAEA being the governing body.[57]
In August 2013, IAEA Director General Yukiya Amano visited Kazakhstan to further discussions on the fuel bank and praised Kazakhstan's contribution to nuclear non-proliferation.[58]
In 2012, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said during a meeting with Kazakhstan's Foreign Minister Erlan Idrissov in Washington, "We view Kazakhstan not only as a regional player, but also as a global leader. Few countries can be compared to Kazakhstan in terms of its experience in non-proliferation."[59]
Kazakhstan announced in January 2017 that the country was planning to cut its production of uranium by 10% due to a global oversupply of the commodity. According to Kazatomprom, state-owned uranium company and global production leader, even with the announced output cuts, Kazakhstan will continue to be the world’s No.1 uranium producer.[60]
Electricity
[edit]
The Law on Electricity was adopted in July 2004. Another basic act regulating electricity market is the Law on Natural Monopolies, which was last amended in December 2004. The market regulator is the Agency for Regulation of Natural Monopolies (ANMR).
Kazakhstan's electricity system includes 71 power plants with total installed capacity of 18,572 MW.[61] the largest power plant is a coal-fired AES Ekibastuz GRES-2 in north-central Kazakhstan.
86.5% of electric power generation has been privatized. The government does not regulate prices for electricity, and consumers have free choice among providers of electric power (currently there is 15 licensed electricity traders).[62] Transmission system is owned and operated by the state-owned company KEGOC. As of 1 January 2006, the total length of transmission lines was 23,383 km.[61] There are 18 regional distribution (sale) companies. Government regulates transmission and distribution tariffs.
Renewable energy
[edit]
Kazakhstan possesses 5 operational hydroelectric plants which provide roughly 12% of the electricity generation. The majority of the facilities are located on the Irtysh River. Other renewables are largely undeveloped although Kazakhstan has potential in renewable energy resources. Renewable energy sources could be particularly attractive in isolated rural areas.
Wind
[edit]
A planned 100 MW wind farm, one of the largest in Central Asia, is expected to be constructed in 2020 in Zhanatas with funding support from the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.[63][64]
Nuclear energy
[edit]
Main article: Nuclear power in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan currently has no nuclear power generation capacity, as the Aktau nuclear reactor, the country's only nuclear power plant, was shut down in June 1999. However, there is currently a plan to build a new 1,500 MW nuclear plant in the southeast of Kazakhstan, near Lake Balkash.[55]
Energy transportation
[edit]
Kazakhstan's oil pipeline system is operated by KazTransOil which was formed in 1997 when the two previous oil pipeline companies were combined. It is owed 100% by KazMunaiGaz which is also the owner of KazTransGaz which along with KazRosGaz are the two principle gas transportation companies. KazRosGaz is a joint venture between KazMunaiGaz and Gazprom which is involved in the export and trade of gas with Russia.
Oil pipelines
[edit]
Main oil export routes are the Caspian Pipeline Consortium and the Atyrau-Samara oil pipeline to Russia, and Kazakhstan-China oil pipeline to China. Kazakhstan is also a transit country for the Omsk (Russia) -Pavlodar (Kazakhstan) -Shymkent - Türkmenabat (Turkmenistan) pipeline. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline and Neka in Iran could be supplied by oil tankers. In addition, for the export to neighboring countries the rail transport is used.[18]
The Kazakhstan oil infrastructure is considered to be in poor condition which has constrained possible exports. Currently exports excluding the Caspian Pipeline Consortium is limited to 500,000 bbl/d (79,000 m3/d). Kazakhstan is also further hampered as the oil pipeline infrastructure is not set up to transport oil from the producing assets in the west to the main refineries located in the east of the country. The CPC provides an important outlet for Kazakhstan oil and it is expected that it will be up graded so as to export close to 15,000,000 bbl/d (2,400,000 m3/d).
Natural gas pipelines
[edit]
The natural gas trunk pipeline system stretches 10,138 kilometers.[28] The major transit pipelines are the Central Asia-Center gas pipeline system and the Bukhara-Urals pipeline, which transport natural gas from Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan to Russia, and Orenburg-Novopskov pipeline and Soyuz pipeline from Orenburg processing plant to Europe. The Gazli-Bishkek pipeline transports natural gas from Uzbekistan to Kyrgyzstan. The Central Asia-Center and the Bukhara-Urals pipelines as also the Bukhara-Tashkent-Bishkek-Almaty pipeline are also main import pipelines. The main gas export goes to Orenburg processing plant in Russia. The export to Russia goes also through the Central Asia-Center and the Bukhara-Urals pipelines.[30] There is plan to build a natural gas pipeline to China.[29] To supply this pipeline, the Ishim (Rudny)-Petropavlovsk-Kokshetau-Astana pipeline is planned.[30]
International cooperation
[edit]
In general, various international organizations have played an important role in advising and assisting Kazakhstan's government in its energy sector reform and natural resource management.[11]
Kazakhstan - the European Union
[edit]
Kazakhstan signed the European Energy Charter on December 17, 1991, the nation's first day of independence from the former Soviet Union.[65] On 4 December 2006, Kazakhstan and the European Union signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), which sets the framework for deeper energy cooperation. The memorandum establishes road maps on energy security and industrial cooperation. It was accompanied by a co-operation agreement to develop nuclear trade.[66][67]
Kazakhstan - Russia
[edit]
Kazakhstan and Russia have close cooperation on energy issues. On 3 October 2006 during the presidents' meeting in Oral, Kazakhstan and Russia agreed to set up a gas-condensate-processing joint venture between Gazprom and KazMunayGas in Orenburg, which will be supplied from the Karachaganak field.[68] The gas supply agreement was signed on 10 May 2007 in Astana.[citation needed]
On 7 December 2006, the Kazakhstan's Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Baktykozha Izmukhambetov and the chief of the Russian Federal Atomic Energy Agency Sergei Kiriyenko signed an agreement, in which Russia pledged to assist Kazakhstan in its nuclear program in return for shipments of uranium from Kazakhstan to Russia, where the uranium will be enriched. In addition, President of Kazatomprom Moukhtar Dzhakishev, and director of Russian uranium trader Tekhsnabexport Vladimir Smirnov signed a deal in which Tekhsnabexport will provide information regarding construction, transportation and logistics to help Kazakhstan develop its nuclear program. Russia already agreed earlier in 2006 to help Kazakhstan build two nuclear power plants.[69] On 10 May 2007, Russia and Kazakhstan agreed to set up an international uranium enrichment center in Angarsk, East Siberia. The center is planned to come on stream in 2013.[citation needed]
On 12 May 2007, Vladimir Putin of Russia, Nursultan Nazarbayev of Kazakhstan and Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow of Turkmenistan signed an agreement providing for Central Asian gas to be exported to Europe through the reconstructed and expanded western branch of the Central Asia-Center gas pipeline system.[70][71]
Kazakhstan - Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI)
[edit]
On October 17, 2013 the International Board of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) designated Kazakhstan “EITI Compliant”.[72]
Clare Short, Chair of the EITI Board said, “Kazakhstan has reached an important milestone by becoming a full member of the EITI family. I hope that all parties will now work to ensure that this increase in transparency will lead to reform in the management of the extractive industries, bringing real benefits to the people of Kazakhstan and providing leadership in other countries in the region.”[73]
Kazakhstan - IAEA
[edit]
Kazakhstan and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) cooperated on several projects related to nuclear energy, agriculture, nuclear security, research, and others. Kazakhstan contributed to such projects of the IAEA as the development of nuclear power infrastructure and strengthening nuclear forensics. Kazakhstan also provided US $100 000 in extrabudgetary contributions for the renovation of the IAEA’s nuclear applications research laboratories.[74]
Low Enriched Uranium Bank
[edit]
References
[edit]
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https://www.tendersontime.com/tenders-details/services-for-the-prevention-of-gas-and-oil-manifestations-emissionsservices-for-the-prevention-of-g-252879a/
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Kazakhstan Govt Tender for Services For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifes...
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Kazakhstan government tender for Services For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissionsservices For The Prevention Of G..., TOT Ref No: 38963098, Tender Ref No: 366936, Deadline: 23rd Dec 2019, Register to view latest Online Global Tenders, E-Tender, E-Procurement.
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TendersOnTime
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https://www.tendersontime.com/tenders-details/services-for-the-prevention-of-gas-and-oil-manifestations-emissionsservices-for-the-prevention-of-g-252879a/
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Urichtau Operating Partnership has floated a tender for Services For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissionsservices For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissions. The project location is Kazakhstan and the tender is closing on 23 Dec 2019. The tender notice number is 366936, while the TOT Ref Number is 38963098. Bidders can have further information about the Tender and can request the complete Tender document by Registering on the site.
Procurement Summary
Country : Kazakhstan
Summary : Services For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissionsservices For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissions
Deadline : 23 Dec 2019
Other Information
Notice Type : Tender
TOT Ref.No.: 38963098
Document Ref. No. : 366936
Competition : ICB
Financier : Self Financed
Purchaser Ownership : -
Tender Value : Refer Document
Purchaser's Detail
Purchaser : Urichtau Operating Partnership
Kazakhstan Aktobe Region Urikhtau Field
Phone: +7 (713) 274-4134
Kazakhstan
Email :a.Kopzhassar@urikhtau.kz
Tender Details
Title: Services For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissionsservices For The Prevention Of Gas And Oil Manifestations, Emissions
Tender Detail No:
ENC TRU Code: 842511.000.000002
Brief description: Services To Prevent The Occurrence Of Open Gas And Oil Fountains Of The Fund Of Producing And Injection Wells
Status: Posted By
Amount: 1
Unit of measurement:
Unit Price: 5 812 380 ?
Amount: 5 812 380 5 812 380
Month Of Carrying Out: 12.2019
Terms: From The Date Of Signing The Contract To 12.2020from The Date Of Signing The Contract To 12.2020
Terms Of Payments: Prepayment 0%, Interim payment 100%, Final payment 0%,
Terms: Open tender
The total amount of lots: 5 812 380 ?
Contact Details
Kazakhstan Aktobe Region Urikhtau Field
Phone: +7 (713) 274-4134
Email: a.Kopzhassar@urikhtau.kz
Documents
Tender Notice
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https://finance.yahoo.com/news/chevron-cvx-qazaqgaz-sign-gas-095300065.html
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Chevron (CVX), QazaqGaz Sign a Gas Exploration Agreement
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https://media.zenfs.com/en/zacks.com/47a5c91ee32230c2f83ce3b58ad1263c
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https://media.zenfs.com/en/zacks.com/47a5c91ee32230c2f83ce3b58ad1263c
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[
"https://finance.yahoo.com/_td_api/beacon/info?beaconType=noJSenabled&bucket=finance-US-en-US-def&code=pageRender&device=desktop&lang=en-US&pageName=deeplink®ion=US&rid=07p4nn1jcr1mn&site=finance&t=1724745431325",
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Chevron's (CVX) subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc. and QazaqGaz join forces to explore gas resources in Kazakhstan, strengthening a three-decade relationship and boosting economic growth.
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Yahoo Finance
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https://finance.yahoo.com/news/chevron-cvx-qazaqgaz-sign-gas-095300065.html
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Chevron Corporation CVX, a leading multinational energy company, has entered into a significant cooperation agreement through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc. with QazaqGaz, Kazakhstan's national gas company. This partnership is focused on the geological exploration of potential gas resources at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe region, near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields. The agreement marks a key moment in CVX's longstanding relationship with Kazakhstan, spanning over three decades.
Background of the Agreement
Negotiations and Preparation: In the past year, CVX and QazaqGaz have engaged in detailed negotiations and technical preparations for the Zhalibek project. This collaborative effort highlights the companies’ commitment to advancing Kazakhstan's energy sector through strategic gas exploration and development.
Scope of the Project: In the initial phase, CVX plans to reprocess existing seismic data and conduct thorough technical interpretations at the Zhalibek site. This step is crucial for identifying potential gas condensate or oil and gas condensate fields, which can enhance Kazakhstan's commercial gas resource base.
Chevron's Perspective
Strategic Importance: Derek Magness, managing director for Chevron’s Eurasia Business Unit, emphasized the strategic importance of the partnership with QazaqGaz, stating that the partnership has driven mutual growth and created new opportunities in the region's energy landscape.
Commitment to Gas Development: CVX recognizes the growing importance of gas development in Kazakhstan. The agreement with QazaqGaz aligns with CVX's broader strategy to capitalize on emerging opportunities in the global energy market, particularly in regions that are rich in natural resources like Kazakhstan.
QazaqGaz's Vision
Economic Impact: Sanzhar Zharkeshov, chairman of QazaqGaz's Management Board, emphasized the expected economic benefits of the Zhalibek project, stating that the exploration and development of gas condensate fields are anticipated to boost Kazakhstan's economic growth, which is in line with national directives.
Attracting International Investment: Zharkeshov further emphasized that Kazakhstan's robust gas industry potential is increasingly attracting international investors and multinational corporations like CVX. This trend highlights Kazakhstan's attractiveness as a strategic hub for energy investments in Central Asia.
Conclusion
The cooperation agreement between CVX and QazaqGaz marks a significant milestone in Kazakhstan's gas exploration landscape. It reflects CVX's commitment to sustainable energy development and its strategic partnership with Kazakhstan. Moving forward, the reprocessing of seismic data and technical interpretations at the Zhalibek site will open the way for potential discoveries, which will contribute to the country's economic prosperity and energy security.
Zacks Rank and Other Key Picks
Currently, CVX carries a Zacks Rank #2 (Buy).
Investors interested in the energy sector might look at some other top-ranked stocks like Sunoco LP SUN, sporting a Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy) and SM Energy Company SM and Coterra Energy Inc. CTRA, each carrying a Zacks Rank #2, at present. You can see the complete list of today’s Zacks #1 Rank stocks here.
Sunoco is valued at $5.66 billion. It is a major wholesale motor fuel distributor in the United States, distributing over 10 fuel brands through long-term contracts with more than 10,000 convenience stores, ensuring consistent cash flow.
SUN’s extensive distribution network across 40 states provides a robust and reliable source of income and the Brownsville terminal expansion should add to its revenue diversification.
Denver, CO-based SM Energyis valued at $5.1 billion. The company currently pays a dividend of 72 cents per share, or 1.62%, on an annual basis.
SM, an independent energy company, engages in the acquisition, exploration, development and production of oil, gas and natural gas liquids in the state of Texas.
Coterra Energy is valued at $19.93 billion. The company currently pays a dividend of 84 cents per share, or 3.14%, on an annual basis.
CTRA is an independent upstream operator engaged in the exploration, development and production of natural gas, crude oil and natural gas liquids.
Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days. Click to get this free report
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Sunoco LP (SUN) : Free Stock Analysis Report
SM Energy Company (SM) : Free Stock Analysis Report
Coterra Energy Inc. (CTRA) : Free Stock Analysis Report
To read this article on Zacks.com click here.
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Kazakhstan to boost oil deliveries via TITR to 3 mln tonnes in two years
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ASTANA. Feb 5 (Interfax) - Kazakhstan intends to boost oil deliveries through the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route or TITR to 3 million tonnes within two years, the government press service reported on Monday.
President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev in 2022 asked for oil transportation through the Trans-Caspian corridor to be increased. KazMunayGas and the State Oil Company of Azerbaijan (SOCAR) entered into an agreement providing for the shipment of 1.5 million tonnes of raw materials per year from the Tengiz field to Baku for further pumping through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline.
The throughput capacity of the Kazakh section of the CPC pipeline was increased from 54 to 72.5 million tonnes per year.
"At the same time, active work is underway to expand the Shymkent oil refinery. As a result, its capacity will increase from 6 to 12 million tonnes per year, which will fully meet the needs of the domestic fuel and lubricants market," the press service added.
The construction of new gas processing plants in Kashagan, Karachaganak and Zhanaozen is in progress.
"It is planned to build the second and third stages of the Saryarka gas pipeline, the Aktobe-Kostanay gas pipeline and the second train of the Beineu-Bozoy-Shymkent gas pipeline. For the development of petrochemical industry, construction of the Butadiene project $1 billion worth will begin this year," the press release says.
The projects for the production of polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate and urea are being implemented in the Atyrau and Aktobe regions for a total amount of $13.7 billion.
New gas field are being put in operation. Thus, production has begun at the Rozhkovskoye, South Aksai and Anabay fields that have the recoverable reserves of over 31 billion cubic meters of gas.
In the medium term, the launch of the Urikhtau Central, Western Prorva and Kalamkas gas fields with recoverable reserves of 69 billion cubic meters of gas is expected.
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https://www.naturalgasworld.com/kazmunaygas-cnpc-discuss-cooperation-in-geological-exploration-gas-processing-112002
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KazMunayGas, CNPC discuss cooperation in geological exploration, gas processing
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The discussions covered joint production activities in the Mangistau and Kyzylorda regions, prospects for geological exploration, and opportunities for further gas processing. [Image: KMG]
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https://www.naturalgasworld.com/kazmunaygas-cnpc-discuss-cooperation-in-geological-exploration-gas-processing-112002
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Summary
The discussions covered joint production activities in the Mangistau and Kyzylorda regions, prospects for geological exploration, and opportunities for further gas processing. [Image: KMG]
by: Shardul Sharma
KazMunayGas (KMG), Kazakhstan's national oil and gas company, and China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) have discussed ...
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KMG Gets Gas Field To Meet Domestic Needs
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2008-02-27T00:00:00
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In a drive to become more self-reliant in gas, Kazakh state Kazmunaigas (KMG) has been handed the Urikhtau gas field in the west of the country. The field…
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/favicon-32x32.png
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Energy Intelligence
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https://www.energyintel.com/0000017b-a7b2-de4c-a17b-e7f26a590000
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In a drive to become more self-reliant in gas, Kazakh state Kazmunaigas (KMG) has been handed the Urikhtau gas field in the west of the country. The field is earmarked to supply a 1,500 km gas pipeline that is planned to be built from the energy-rich west to the heavily populated south of Kazakhstan, where alarm bells rang last month when Uzbekistan briefly cut gas flows due to higher consumption at home. Prime Minister Karim Massimov said he had given the energy and economy ministries one month to transfer the Urikhtau field to KMG for development in connection with the construction of the Beyneu-Bozoy-Samsonovka pipeline, which should start this year for completion in 2011. "The field is free and nobody can use it," Uzakbay Karabalin, KMG president, was quoted as saying by local reports.
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https://ipo.sk.kz/en/companies/kmg/
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IPO АО «Самрук-Қазына»
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АО «Самрук-Қазына» представляет собой коммерческую структуру — инвестиционный холдинг, миссия которого заключается в повышении национального благосостояния Республики Казахстан и обеспечении долгосрочной устойчивости для будущих поколений
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https://www.azernews.az/region/225531.html
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KazMunayGas puts into operation three new gas fields in 2023
|
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] | null |
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2024-05-04T18:09:00+04:00
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Kazakhstan's KazMunayGas (KMG, national oil and gas company) commissioned three new gas fields in 2023 in order to increase gas supplies to the domestic market, Azernews reports.
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Kazakhstan's KazMunayGas (KMG, national oil and gas company) commissioned three new gas fields in 2023 in order to increase gas supplies to the domestic market, Azernews reports, citing the company's annual report.
Thus, the Aksai Yuzhny, Eastern Urikhtau and Rozhkovskoye fields were put into operation.
Production at the Aksai Yuzhny gas condensate field (recoverable gas reserves of 1.7 billion cubic meters) began in May 2023. Thanks to production at this field, Kazgermunai (a joint venture with KMG participation) will additionally supply up to 100 million cubic meters of gas per year to residents of the Kyzylorda region.
The Eastern Urikhtau oil and gas field was commissioned in December 2023. The Eastern Urikhtau field (recoverable oil reserves of 4 million tons and dissolved gas of 2.2 billion cubic meters) was discovered in 2015.
There are currently six production wells in operation at the field, and there are plans to drill nine more wells, which will increase oil production to 200,000 tons per year, and associated gas production to 100 million cubic meters per year.
Moreover, in December 2023 the Rozhkovskoye gas condensate field (recoverable gas reserves of 26.9 billion cubic meters, recoverable condensate reserves of 12.5 million tons) was also put into operation. The gas condensate field was discovered in 2008 as a result of a wide range of geological exploration work.
Raw gas from the field will be supplied to the gas processing facilities of Zhaikmunai LLP, after which commercial gas will be supplied to the domestic market. When reaching full capacity, the field will produce 1 billion cubic meters of gas per year, over 500,000 tons of condensate per year.
Meanwhile, the volume of oil and gas condensate production by KazMunayGas amounted to 23.5 million tons (486,000 barrels per day) in 2023. The volume of oil and gas condensate production grew by 6.5 percent in 2022.
At the same time, natural and related gas output climbed by 14.8 percent over the reporting period, reaching 9.45 billion cubic meters.
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Kazakhstan's KazMunayGas eyes significant gas production surge by 2030
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2024-03-02T11:25:00+04:00
|
KazMunayGas JSC (KMG, Kazakhstan's national oil and gas company) plans to increase gas production, as stated in a statement of the Chairman of the Board of KMG Magzum Mirzagaliyev, published by the press service of the joint-stock company, Azernews reports.
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/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png?v=20220612
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Azernews.Az
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https://www.azernews.az/region/222651.html
|
KazMunayGas JSC (KMG, Kazakhstan's national oil and gas company) plans to increase gas production, as stated in a statement of the Chairman of the Board of KMG Magzum Mirzagaliyev, published by the press service of the joint-stock company, Azernews reports.
"In addition to active geological exploration and stabilization of oil production levels, the company’s priority is to increase gas production and its commercialization. KMG is actively working to explore and launch new fields. We understand the importance of gas production for Kazakhstan. Consumption in the country is growing rapidly. Therefore, we have now begun developing the company’s Gas Strategy, within the framework of which it is planned to increase gas production from both operating and exploration assets," he said.
As Mirzagaliyev noted, at the moment, the growth potential, according to KMG estimates, could amount to an additional 6.7 billion cubic meters of gas per year by 2030, excluding large projects (Tengiz, Karachaganak, Kashagan).
"Last year, we already launched three new gas fields: Rozhkovskoye in the West Kazakhstan region, Aksay Yuzhny in the Kyzylorda region and Eastern Urikhtau in the Aktobe region," he said.
According to him, in addition to the listed projects, the Gas Strategy includes the Central Urikhtau field with a production potential of up to 900 million cubic meters of gas per year, the Western Prorva and Kalamkas fields (up to 1.1 billion cubic meters per year).
"KMG is also implementing exploration projects that could potentially increase the level of natural gas production: the Karaton Podsolevoy and Turgay Paleozoy areas, where, as I have already noted, exploration wells are planned to be drilled in 2024," Mirzagaliyev noted.
Meanwhile, the volume of oil and gas condensate production by KazMunayGas amounted to 23.5 million tons (486,000 barrels per day) in 2023. The volume of oil and gas condensate production grew by 6.5 percent from 2022.
At the same time, natural and related gas output climbed by 14.8 percent over the reporting period, reaching 9.45 billion cubic meters.
---
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Kazakhstan�s Oil & Gas Industry. Reserves, Production, Investment
|
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Elvira Dzhantureyeva, Ph.D in Technical Sciences, Head of Mineral Production Results Analysis Service of RCGI Kazgeoinform under the Committee for Geology and Mineral Production, Ministry of Industry and New Technologies
The progress Kazakhstan has made in the development of its oil and gas fields laid the foundation for the dynamic growth of Kazakhstan’s economy. However, the President has set a new goal in creating a more effective management system to maintain sustainable production and export of hydrocarbon resources up to 2050. In our traditional annual review, we have presented the main figures and trends of development of the domestic oil industry over the last 13 years.
Kazakhstan’s favorable investment climate and enormous resource potential has attracted major players on the global energy market to Kazakhstan’s oil and gas industry and today companies from the U.S., Russia, China, the EU and other countries are successfully operating in the industry. In many respects, it is the foreign partners that have allowed putting rapidly into production Kazakhstan’s major hydrocarbon fields, such as Tengiz and Karachaganak. Projects involving foreign companies account for about 60% of investments made in the sector over the last ten years.
At the same time, in its policy of today, the government of Kazakhstan relies on expanding the role of the state in oil and gas projects, greater transparency in foreign investors’ activities, and enhanced responsibility of foreign investors in the social sector and local content. New conditions require that our partners articulate more clearly their investment strategies taking into account the interests of Kazakhstan as the oil-producing state and its long-term development goals.
At present, the share of Kazakhstan in the world's hydrocarbon reserves is about 3%. For this indicator, we rank ninth globally after (in ascending order) Libya, Russia, Venezuela, United Arab Emirates, Iran, Kuwait, and Iraq. Holding more than 25% of the world’s hydrocarbon reserves, Saudi Arabia remains the leader in the global rankings of oil powers.
As of January 1, 2013 the state balance sheets had a record of recoverable reserves on 244 oilfields (about 5 billion tons), 220 gas deposits (365 facilities, 1.6 trillion m3), 180 dissolved gas deposits (227 facilities, 2.3 trillion m3), and 61 oil and gas condensate fields (about 360 million tons). The probable reserves reach more than 17 billion tons of oil and 146 trillion m3 of gas.
Speaking of the growth in the reserves, in 2000–2012 it amounted to 1,935.1 billion tons of oil, 126.6 billion m3 of gas, and 26.5 million tons of condensate. While the production during this period reached, respectively, 748.3 million tons, 342.2 billion m3, and 56.3 million tons (Charts 1 and 2). Therefore, the increase in crude oil reserves exceeds their consumption by nearly three times, while the gas and condensate production rates retain the reverse trend.
In general, the growth in the oil reserves was provided in 2003 owing to the Kashagan field while in 2005 it was provided by the Karaman-Dybas, Karakuduk, and Kashagan (re-estimation) fields, in 2008 by the Kozhasai, Kalamkas-Sea, Arystanovskoe, and Kayran fields, in 2010 by the Akshabulak Center, Kondybai, Zhangurshi, Tasym, Tamdykol, Mortuk, East, Tengiz and others, and in 2012 by the Akkar East, South-West Karabulak, Bashenkol, Novobogat SE, Chinarevskoe, Kashagan and Urikhtau fields.
As for gas and condensate, the main increase in their reserves was provided in 2005 by the Tolkyn field, in 2008 by the Kozhasai, Kalamkas-Sea and Chinarevskoe fields, and in 2010 by Mortuk East and Tasym.
It should be noted that 71% of the oil reserves (in A + B + C1 and C2 categories) are accounted for by two major producers. North Caspian Operating Company accounts for 45% of the reserves and Tengizchevroil for 26%. Mangistaumunaigas, CNPC-Aktobemunaigas, Ozenmunaigas, and Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV have 3% each. Embamunaigas owns 2%. Buzachi Operating LTD, Kazakhoil Aktobe, and Karazhanbasmunai have 1% each. The remaining medium and small mineral producing companies own only 10%. And two more per cent of the reserves are free of mineral production and are in the general fund of reserves.
In turn, the largest reserves of free gas (plus a gas cap) are held by CNPC-Aktobemunaigas (17%), Mangistaumunaigas (11%), Urihtauoperating (9%), North Caspian Operating Company (7%), Embamunaigas (6%), Tenge JV (5%), KazMunaiTeniz (4%), Amangeldy Munai Gas Ltd. (4%), Zhaikmunaigas JV (3%), KazGPZ Ltd (3%), etc. Another 18% is distributed between smaller mineral producers, and 7% forms the general fund.
The lion's share of gas condensate reserves is concentrated in the largest Karachaganak field (74%).
Compared to 2000, oil production in Kazakhstan increased by more than 2 times. For example, about 72.2 million tons were produced only last year. In the regional context, the greatest contribution of 61.5 million tons of oil (or 85% of the total oil production) was made by the companies in West Kazakhstan. These include 29 million tons produced in the Atyrau Oblast, 17.6 million tons in the Mangistau Oblast, nearly 8 million tons in the Aktobe Oblast, and 6.9 million tons in the West Kazakhstan Oblast. More 4.1 million tons were produced in the Karaganda Oblast and 6.6 million tons in the Kyzylorda Oblast (Table 1).
As for individual companies, with its 33% of total oil production Tengizchevroil is the undisputed leader in this indicator. It is followed, with a large margin, by Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV (9%), CNPC-Aktobemunaigas (8%), Mangistaumunaigas (8%), Embamunaigas (7%), Kazgermunai (4%), PetroKazakhstan Kumkol Resources (4%), Karazhanbasmunai (3%), Buzachi Operating Ltd (3%), and Karakuduk-Munai (2%). The remaining 19% is provided by other mineral producers.
With regard to gas production, by the end 2012 the country produced 32.5 billion m3 of gas (including dissolved gas) which is 3.5 times more than in 2000. The main volume of the production was provided by the Atyrau Oblast (43.7% of dissolved gas), Western Kazakhstan Oblast (35.2% of dissolved gas and 34.5% of free gas) and Mangistau Oblast (3.3% and 43.7%, respectively).
The best performance in the field of gas production was demonstrated by Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV (47%), which is also the leader in condensate production (88%). The second and third position is taken by Tengizchevroil (33%) and CNPC-Aktobemunaigas (8%).
According to forecasts, the future hydrocarbon production in Kazakhstan will be as follows: in 2013, Kazakhstan is expected to produce 73.6 million tons of crude oil, 39.2 billion m3 of gas and 4.8 million tons of condensate. In 2014, these figures are expected to be: 76 million tons, 40 billion m3 and 5 million tons, respectively, and in 2015: 85 million tons, 45 billion m3 and 5.6 million tons.
From 2000 to 2012, $134.5 billion was invested in the oil and gas industry, including $16.8 billion invested in geological exploration (GE). During this period, the amount of investment increased nearly 5-fold (Chart 3) to $13.8 billion at the end of last year, including $1.1 billion for exploration works. Up to 2013, these figures are expected to reach $15.2 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively. It should be noted that the share of investment in crude hydrocarbons now accounts for about 70% of the total investment in the development of the mineral resources sector of Kazakhstan.
Following the results of 2012, about 80% of all the investments in hydrocarbons production were made by large companies, such as North Caspian Operating Company (19%), Tengizchevroil (15%), Mangistaumunaigas (13%), Karachaganak Petroleum Operating B.V. (6%), CNPC-Aktobemunaigas (8%), PetroKazakhstan Kumkol Resources (4%), Kazakhoil Aktobe (2%), Karazhanbasmunai (3%), Zhaikmunai (4%), Buzachi Operating Ltd (3%), and others.
It should be emphasized that the investment activity of the mineral producers contributes to social and economic development of the country. Over the past 13 years, companies in the oil sector directed over $2 billion to the social welfare of regions and local infrastructure. And about $1billion was directed for training of Kazakhstani personnel working on a contractual basis. The number of the employees working on contracts increased to 48 thousand from 32 thousand (Chart 4).
One of the main challenges for sustainable development of the oil and gas industry in Kazakhstan is the lack of a special legislative act to regulate matters relating to the prevention of contamination of the marine environment with oil while taking into consideration the state’s and mineral producers’ interests.
There is no concept of “oil spill” in the current law that regulates relations in the sphere of use of mineral resources in the course of oil operations, including offshore and inland water operations. Moreover, the law does not define the mechanism for the state and mineral developer to interact in the event of an oil spill at sea. Meanwhile, elimination of oil spills should be started at a very early stage to improve the efficiency of operations and reduce environmental damage.
Taking into account the importance of the issue, a draft law has currently been developed to complement the Law on Minerals and Mineral Production with a new article whereby the definition is given to the term “oil spill in the sea “. The Act provides that the subsoil user approve plans to prevent and eliminate oil spills and enter into a contract with a specialized organization with operations in this area.
Another aspect of the problem of oil spill is the availability of sufficient financial funds of the user of mineral resources. As international experience shows, when a major oil spill occurs, the damage to the environment and the costs of clean-up activities may reach several billion dollars. In this context, the state is directly interested in the availability of sufficient funds from subsoil use to eliminate accidents and compensate for damages.
Currently, when choosing an insurance limit, the user of mineral resources is often guided by considerations of cost savings for insurance coverage which can result in inadequate measures of responsibility and incomplete coverage. In this regard, the draft law provides for the obligation of the user of mineral resources to create a special fund to accumulate funds in the event of oil spills.
Today, Kazakhstan has successfully developed oil-producing projects in the Caspian Sea. So, for example, the first confirmation of the presence of hydrocarbon resources has been achieved for Zhemchuzhina (Pearl) Project’s areas where NC KazMunayGas, Shell and Omanoil have been conducting explorations under the work program. According to the results of the exploration work the presence of oil-and-gas has also been proved for the Khazar and Auezov structures.
Although the Satpayev and Zhambyl blocks are only at the initial stage of exploration, they also expect confirmation of significant hydrocarbon reserves. In the near future the national operator jointly with the Norwegian Statoil will begin exploration at the Abai block and a bit later with Russian Gazprom and LUKOIL at the Khvalynskoe and Central blocks.
In addition, a number of large projects are planned to go into operation while the existing projects will expand oil production. This will significantly increase Kazakhstan’s oil export potential. First of all, this is a new phase of development of the giant Kashagan field where, as planned, the production of hydrocarbons will reach about 15 million tons by 2015, and 65 million tons by 2020.
Great prospects are associated with the increased production capacity at the Tengiz field as part of the Future Growth Project. Its cost is estimated at $15–20 billion, and after its completion in 2016–2017 it will provide an opportunity to increase oil production at the field from 25.9 to 36 million tons. The Future Growth Project proceeds from the success of the recently completed Sour Gas Injection and Second Generation Plant Project.
Currently, the Ministry of Oil and Gas and Karachaganak Petroleum Operating BV are negotiating the terms and conditions of approval and parameters of the third phase of the Karachaganak gas condensate field. In total, its development is divided into four phases; two of them have already been completed. In particular, the processing facility has been commissioned to export liquid hydrocarbons via the CPC. A multi-plant Unit 2 for re-injection of gas into the reservoir has been built (it uses the newest technology to reduce the impact on the environment while increasing several times the recovery from the field as compared to traditional methods). About 100 wells have been commissioned, and 635-kilometer Karachaganak – Bolshoy Chagan – Atyrau export pipeline has been built to connect the oilfield with the CPC. The total investment has exceeded $4 billion. As a result, the production of liquid hydrocarbons and natural gas from the Karachaganak field has almost doubled.
As part of the third phase, CPC will introduce a number of additional facilities, including a gas processing plant with export pipeline (the so-called “gas complex”). This will provide a significant increase in supply of hydrocarbons and also exports from Kazakhstan of not only primary products but also high-tech compounds derived from hydrocarbons. The third stage of development of the Karachaganak field and expansion of the CPC are the two most important current challenges that Kazakhstan faces in the oil and gas sector.
As for the second phase of the Kashagan field, its realization can be deferred until 2018–2019 which in turn will affect the beginning of implementation of the Caspian pipeline transportation system project. Delay is costly although this will not affect the timing of the start of commercial production of oil in the first phase. Recall that while approving the timing, Kazakhstan increased its stake in the project from 8% to 16.8% and obtained from the consortium of foreign companies royalty payments, which were absent in the original agreement. In accordance with the agreement, if commercial production from the field is outside the 31st of December 2013, Kazakhstan will not reimburse for the expenses of the consortium. The government and the consortium have also agreed to the stability of the tax regime for the Kashagan development contract.
Thus, by 2020, production will begin from a number of fields in the Caspian shelf. In particular, by this time, the Hazar field is planned to produce annually 987 thousand tons of crude oil while the Kalamkas-Sea field will produce 675 tons, Auezov 416 thousand tons, Rakushechnoye-Sea 816 tons, and the block N will produce 453 tons. It should be emphasized that the dominant share of this oil will be exported, mainly to Europe.
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative
The purpose of the EITI, which has been implemented in Kazakhstan since 2005, is to ensure transparency in the management of natural resources of the country and disclosure of government revenue from the extractive industries. The mechanism of the standard is that upstream companies shall publish information about payments and the government shall publish the amount of the revenue. This data shall be compared to the annual report of the National EITI and accompanied by an international expert assessment. In order to coordinate the Initiative tasks, the National Stakeholders Council has been created with Deputy Prime Minister Kairat Kelimbetov as chairman. It is composed of deputies of the Majilis of the Parliament, representatives of ministries and departments, minerals developers of the oil and mining industries, and civil society activists. All decisions on the implementation of the EITI are accepted by the National Council on the basis of consensus.
To consolidate the Initiative at the legislative level, the relevant changes have been introduced to the Law on Minerals and Mineral Production to define responsibilities of users of mineral resources with the terms of the Memorandum of Understanding on the Initiative. In the period from 2005 to 2012 seven National EITI reports have already been written. They are available at the website of the Committee of Geology and Subsoil use of the RK MINT (geology.kz), as well as at the International EITI website (eiti.org).
To ensure the successful implementation of the Initiative, Kazakhstan took an active part in the sixth EITI Global Conference held in Sydney, Australia. The national and regional conferences and round tables are regularly held with the participation of members of the National Council, government agencies, international organizations and media. On the 9th of October, 2013 the fifth National EITI Conference will be held in Astana as part of the VIII Eurasian Energy Forum KAZENERGY.
According to the requirements of the EITI International Board, this year Kazakhstan conducted validation (assessment by an independent expert whether the country complies with EITI international standards) and prepared the relevant Validation Report. Currently, the country is expecting from the EITI International Board to determine its status as an EITI Compliant. An advanced plan has been prepared for the implementation of the EITI plan for the post-validation period in accordance with the new EITI rules.
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India and Kazakhstan Bolster Their Strategic Partnership
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2011-05-11T19:13:00+00:00
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On April 15-16, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbaev adopted a “Road Map” for 2011-2014 to strengthen the strategic partnership between India and Kazakhstan, signing seven agreements in areas as diverse as energy, cyber security, space exploration, education, and hi-tech development, among others. The Indian company “ONGC Videsh Limited” also secured a 25 percent stake in …
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https://jamestown.org/program/india-and-kazakhstan-bolster-their-strategic-partnership/
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On April 15-16, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbaev adopted a “Road Map” for 2011-2014 to strengthen the strategic partnership between India and Kazakhstan, signing seven agreements in areas as diverse as energy, cyber security, space exploration, education, and hi-tech development, among others. The Indian company “ONGC Videsh Limited” also secured a 25 percent stake in the development of the prospective Satpayev oil field in Kazakhstan on the Caspian shore (www.dailyindia.com, April 16). India has demonstrated a serious capacity and willingness to enhance its strategic presence in Central Asia, contested by Russia, the US, the EU, and India’s long-term rival and partner – China. Kazakhstan, in turn, has taken visibly stronger steps to strengthen its strategic relations with India, which, along with Russia, the US, the EU, and China, may well be emerging as a fifth major pillar in Kazakhstan’s much-promoted multi-vector foreign policy agenda.
The parties promised to boost their energy cooperation significantly, and to enhance the $300 million trade turnover, including in the framework of potential trade cooperation between India and the Customs Union members of Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan (www.newskaz.ru, April 16). By early 2009, Kazakhstan was the largest Central Asian trading partner of India, accounting for more than 70 percent of the overall trade between India and Central Asian republics. About 280 companies were engaged in business activity between the two countries, with India’s investment in Kazakhstan then reaching $38 million (www.idsa.in, February 18, 2009). Yet, the goals of enhancing trade and energy cooperation risk remaining unfulfilled without trans-regional infrastructure in place. Hence, Astana and New Delhi are strongly pressing to also facilitate the development of North-South transportation, pipeline, and trade corridors.
To continue their economic modernization and sustained growth, India and Kazakhstan rely strongly on energy imports and exports, respectively. Both parties agreed that India would invest $400 million in the development of the Satpayev oil field, where it has acquired a 25 percent stake after months of related negotiations. The deposit is estimated to contain 1.85 billion barrels of oil, allegedly enough to supply India with oil for just 1.5 years (www.gatewayhouse.in, April 28). The amount is reportedly trivial, but the deal could be among India’s first moves to enable it to gain greater access to Central Asia’s rich energy reserves in the longer run.
As in the case of China, India also looks to uranium-rich Kazakhstan to feed its growing nuclear industry as it seeks to satisfy its immense energy appetite. India may in fact need up to 8,000 tons of uranium per year as its demand for nuclear fuel is expected to grow tenfold by 2020. The agreement to supply India with more than 2,000 tons of Kazakh uranium by 2014 could not be timelier for New Delhi (www.kt.kz, April 16; www.gatewayhouse.in, April 28). India and Kazakhstan also discussed joint construction of nuclear reactors, a highly sought-after objective for Kazakhstan, keen to become a major global supplier of nuclear fuel and reactors as it pursues nuclear cooperation with Russia, Japan, China, and India (EDM, April 15).
In addition to signing the pact on “Cooperation in Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy,” New Delhi and Astana also concluded a memorandum of understanding between Indian and Kazakh computer emergency response teams in an effort to develop cyber security cooperation. India further proposed to create an IT center in Kazakhstan (www.dailyindia.com, April 16; www.inform.kz, April 16). This should please both parties, as China and Kazakhstan have recently agreed to create a “supercomputer center” in Astana, while India is a leading developer of computer software and Kazakhstan is in great need of technological knowhow to build an innovative economy. Indeed, Kazakhstan has reportedly suffered from cyber attacks targeting its energy companies (www.hindustantimes.com, April 17). Building a cyber security capacity will be essential for critical industries in these conditions.
Indian-Kazakh plans to cooperate in space are particularly significant, with both countries agreeing to facilitate the related collaboration during Singh’s visit to Kazakhstan. India lacks economic and military presence in Central Asia and in part relies on its technological capabilities, including the space industry, to nurture its relatively nascent commercial and military links with the region. Kazakhstan, in turn, lacks considerable technological expertise and resources to develop its own space industry. Kazakhstan is currently leasing its Baikonur cosmodrome to Russia until 2050. In 2004, Kazakh leadership initiated a space-related development program, launching its first satellite into orbit, but it clearly has a long way to go. The Indian space program is well established and can provide Kazakhstan with much needed expertise and technology (www.cacianalyst.org, October 29, 2008; www.idsa.in, February 18, 2009). Recently, India has emerged as one of the world’s prospective leaders in the space industry, notably led by the three major powers: the US, Russia, and China.
The Indian-Kazakh agreements come after Nazarbayev and Singh both traveled to China in February and April, respectively. Kazakhstan and China then concluded eight agreements in the energy, transport, and infrastructure development sphere, apparently outperforming India and Kazakhstan in both the number and the scope of their agreements. Beijing pledged to lend $1.7 billion to the Kazakh sovereign wealth fund Samruk-Kazyna and provide the country with a $5 billion dollar loan for a petrochemical complex. China also agreed to develop the Urikhtau gas field in western Kazakhstan. Astana promised to supply China, currently experiencing a “nuclear renaissance,” with 55,000 tons of uranium. More than 1,000 Chinese companies are operating in Kazakhstan’s energy, manufacturing, and transport sectors. Both countries also decided to build a high-speed railway line between Kazakhstan’s north and south by 2015 and create a Kazakh-Chinese university to facilitate technological exchange (www.cacianalyst.org, March 2).
This partly explains why India is still considered a late comer in Central Asia. But the recent bilateral deals and its growing cooperation with Kazakhstan in technology, energy, space, and other sectors provide India with a platform to enhance its strategic presence and become a major power in Central Asia’s transforming geopolitical and economic landscape. Kazakhstan’s multi-vector foreign policy agenda is capable of facilitating India’s “awakening” in the region even further.
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World Oil on LinkedIn: Chevron to reprocess seismic data in Kazakhstan with potential gas…
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QazaqGaz and Chevron have signed a cooperation agreement which will entail potential geological #exploration at the Zhalibek site in the Aktobe region, near…
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The Namibian sector of the Orange Basin continues to see exploration success. TotalEnergies and partners Impact Oil & Gas and QatarEnergy reportedly found hydrocarbons at two stratigraphic levels within the Cretaceous at the Mangetti-1 well (potentially in the Lower and Upper Cretaceous). Galp and partners Sintana Energy Inc. (TSXV: SEI) (OTCQB: SEUSF) also recently announced the presence of hydrocarbon pay at two levels within the Mopane-1X well. They plan to drill a follow-on prospect at Mopane-2X in the near future. Pancontinental Energy NL and Woodside Energy recently received the final 3D seismic survey used to assess the Saturn Superfan immediately to the North of the discovery. Woodside Energy has around 6 months to decide whether to proceed. Shell are also continuing assessing the viability of the Graff prospect and adjacent discoveries with the acquisition of a new 3D seismic survey. NAMCOR NAMIBIA has varying equity in these and surrounding licenses. I updated the map compilation I made last year using the Uber Kepler.gl platform to make a fairway map of the Cretaceous fairway systems in the Orange Basin. Hexbin plots are potentially useful ways to display thickness information, in this case Upper Cretaceous thickness (km) from Baby et al., 2018. While some of the recent tests, including Shell Cullinan prospect, are interpreted to be carbonates, and the Kudu Field terrestrial clastics, many of the prospects defined in this region are Lower and Upper Cretaceous turbidite sandstones fed from the ancestral Orange River, through a potentially influenced terraced slope relating to the early break up, and subsequent rifting, of the Southern Atlantic. These prospects appear to sit at major thickness changes, which could reflect changes in accommodation during deposition of the turbidites. Hopefully we will see further activity in this region, especially pushing the limits of the Cretaceous Turbidite Plays. All information is from public sources. Field of view approx. 250 miles. North to the left. Previous posts on the Lower and Upper Cretaceous of the Orange Basin can be found on my profile, example below: https://lnkd.in/dW2a6wHE #exploration #production #seismic #oilandgas #energy #southamerica #uruguay #africa #geology #geophysics #clastics #carbonates #plays #riftbasins #structuralgeology #petroleum #onshore #hydrocarbons #oil #gas #deepwater #guyana #suriname #turbidites #channels #basins #namibia #cretaceous #southafrica #turbidites #prospects #discoveries
Global Atlas 14: OG Resource and Indicative Expl Potential (musings from the desk of a retired geologist) The multi part Global Atlas is a compilation of public domain information on major basins around the world. It is organized by geologic themes and is meant to be a quick go to reference for E&P folks, researchers and academia. This part is a simple compilation of Regional OG resource and Indicative Exploration Potential around the World. Note that basin creaming curves are only good until some bright spark comes up with a new play. The business of YTF estimation can also be quite subjective and at best is a “guess-timate”. #OilGasExploration #GlobalAtlas #Resource #YTF #ExplPotential #Oil #Gas #Geology
"The South Atlantic Connection: Analogies between Southern African Discoveries and the Argentina-Uruguay Margin" 📅 Save the Date: Upcoming Webinar on January 30, 2024, 9:00 AM CT Join us for an insightful webinar exploring the remarkable similarities between recent deep-water discoveries in Southern Africa and the South Atlantic region. TotalEnergies, Shell, and other companies have uncovered significant oil and gas reserves in Namibia's Orange Basin, marking a new era in exploration. With an estimated 11 billion barrels of light oil and 8.7 trillion cubic feet of gas, these findings spotlight a promising Cretaceous turbidite play. The webinar will delve into the geological parallels between the Southern African Margin and its conjugate in Southern America. We'll discuss the latest leasing activities offshore Uruguay and Argentina, highlighting key prospects and upcoming explorations. 🎙️ Speaker: Oscar Lopez-Gamundi Over 35 years of experience in geology and exploration. Extensive background in Latin America and West Africa. Held positions at Texaco, Chevron, Hess Corporation, and other prestigious organizations. Founder of @P1Consultants. 🔍 Learn about: The potential extension of the Cretaceous turbidite play. Comparative analysis of the Namibian discoveries and their Southern American counterparts. #IAPGH #Webinar #OilAndGas #Exploration #Geology #SouthAtlantic #EnergyIndustry
Global Atlas 13: Some Recent OG Discoveries (musings from the desk of a retired geologist) The multi part Global Atlas is a compilation of public domain information on major basins around the world. It is organized by geologic themes and is meant to be a quick go to reference for E&P folks, researchers and academia. This is a simple compilation of some observations and some examples of recent OG Exploration successes. The value of high impact exploration in a company’s portfolio cannot be understated as you can see from some of the huge value creation associated with significant discoveries. #OilGasExploration #GlobalAtlas #OilDiscoveries #GasDiscoveries #Oil #Gas #Geology
This week's series of posts is on Geothermal Electricity projects, this one on energy from a Volcanic Island Arc Geothermal System. Potential hydrothermal reservoirs are typically an initial exploration target, but the local geology on this island required further geophysical work (e.g., 3D magnetotellurics) and shallow boreholes to investigate this possibility. Deeper reservoirs would be the next exploration target and deeper boreholes would be required to measure geothermal gradients and identify any potential upflow zones. Good heat and heat pathways were likely given the seismic data performed so far combined with the volcanic history. If a local government, asset holder, regional company, or multi-lateral is interested, we are happy to provide such an evaluation, including potential exploration plans and development scenarios based on a review of local data and geology. For advisory services or enquiries, contact us@StellaeEnergy.com #geothermal #volcanic #geothermalenergy #energytransition
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https://issuu.com/embassykazakhstan/docs/the_astana_times_of_13_march_2013__no_25_
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en
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The Astana Times, March 13, 2013
|
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2013-03-13T00:00:00+00:00
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The Astana Times, March 13, 2013
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en
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/favicon.ico
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Issuu
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https://issuu.com/embassykazakhstan/docs/the_astana_times_of_13_march_2013__no_25_
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Welcome to Issuu’s blog: home to product news, tips, resources, interviews (and more) related to content marketing and publishing.
Here you'll find an answer to your question.
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https://en.trend.az/casia/kazakhstan/3918770.html
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en
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KazMunayGas, CNPC discuss prospects for co-op in geological exploration
|
https://en.trend.az/imagen/3918770
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https://en.trend.az/imagen/3918770
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"Madina Usmanova Read more"
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2024-07-02T10:21:00+04:00
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en
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/assets/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png?v=2022011801
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Trend.Az
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https://en.trend.az/casia/kazakhstan/3918770.html
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ASTANA, Kazakhstan, July 2. KazMunayGas (KMG, Kazakhstan's national oil and gas company) and China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) have discussed prospects for cooperation in the field of geological exploration, Trend reports.
Negotiations on this topic took place between the Chairman of the Board of KMG, Askhat Khassenov, and Houliang Dai, Chairperson of CNPC.
The parties also reviewed the activities of joint production assets in the Mangystau and Kyzylorda regions and opportunities for further gas redistribution.
Taking into account the importance of the accelerated launch of gas projects in Kazakhstan, the parties are exploring opportunities for processing hydrocarbons from the Central Urikhtau field at the Zhanazhol oil and gas refining complex.
In addition, the parties spoke positively about the activities of the annual Kazakh-Chinese technical seminars on the exchange of technologies for the exploration and development of oil and gas fields.
Furthermore, Kazakhstan produced 90 million tons of oil in 2023, which is 6.9 percent higher than in 2022. Oil exports also increased and amounted to 70.5 million tons, which is 9.6 percent more than the previous year. Moreover, Kazakhstan plans to increase oil production in 2024 to 90.3 million tons.
In 2023, gas production in Kazakhstan amounted to 59.063 billion cubic meters, including large fields such as Tengiz (16.009 billion cubic meters), Karachaganak (22.385 billion cubic meters), Kashagan (11.856 billion cubic meters), and others (8.813 billion cubic meters). Kazakhstan is projected to produce 60.456 billion cubic meters of raw natural gas in 2024.
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https://primeminister.kz/en/news/fulfillment-of-presidents-instructions-how-countrys-energy-security-ensured-177418
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Fulfillment of President's instructions: How country's energy security ensured
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Today in the Central Communications Service under the President of Kazakhstan, Minister of Energy Bolat Akchulakov spoke about the development of the energy industry of Kazakhstan as part of the instructions of the Head of State, given previously at the expanded session of the Government. Also, the Minister presented the results of the half-year program to increase incomes of the population.
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https://primeminister.kz/en/news/fulfillment-of-presidents-instructions-how-countrys-energy-security-ensured-177418
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Today in the Central Communications Service under the President of Kazakhstan, Minister of Energy Bolat Akchulakov spoke about the development of the energy industry of Kazakhstan as part of the instructions of the Head of State, given previously at the expanded session of the Government. Also, the Minister presented the results of the half-year program to increase incomes of the population.
During the expanded session of the Government, Head of State Tokayev gave a number of specific instructions to ensure energy security of the country.
First, the task has been set to prevent a shortage of diesel fuel by developing differentiated prices for the transit transport and the perimeter of the border.
"According to the border service, about 4.4 thousand cargo vehicles enter the Republic of Kazakhstan per day, about 70% of which are foreign vehicles. Low prices at the gas stations in Kazakhstan lead to an increase in the average monthly consumption of approximately 120 thousand tons. Currently, the Ministry has developed a draft order stipulating differentiated prices for diesel fuel. Prices will be differentiated depending on the residence, the volume of consumption and the type of transport. The work in this direction will continue with the relevant state agencies and parties," Akchulakov explained.
Second, it was instructed to prevent a shortage of the road bitumen.
According to the Minister, as a result of the work conducted, the import quota for tar sands from Russia increased from 280 to 430 thousand tons, as well as the production of bitumen in the bitumen plant in Aktau, which will allow domestic producers of bitumen to increase production by 300 thousand tons.
As a result, the annual total capacity will be 1.2-1.3 million tons per year, which will cover the needs of the domestic market for road construction.
"I would like to note that the deficit arises due to the uneven selection of the bitumen by road construction companies, in particular in the winter-spring period, there are almost no applications for the production of the bitumen. In this regard, the Ministry together with the Ministry of Industry and Infrastructure Development are working on the issue of determining a single supplier to purchase the bitumen in the winter and spring seasons," Akchulakov said.
Third, the Head of State instructed to elaborate fiscal preferences for the new gas production projects.
A package of legislative amendments to implement the mechanism of the Improved Model Subsoil Use Contract, including for the gas projects, has been prepared for today. Thus, regulatory and fiscal preferences in the form of tax exemptions are provided.
At the same time, work is underway to develop an incentive gas price for gas projects. Corresponding amendments to the legislation will be adopted by the end of this year.
"These measures will ensure the development of gas fields with total gas reserves of about 93.6 billion m3 (Central Urikhtau, Western Prorva, Anabay, Pridorozhnoye, Teplov-Tokarev group, Ansagan, Rozhkovskoye, etc.) and additional production of commercial gas by 2030 in the amount of 6.7 billion m3 per year," Akchulakov said.
Forth, it was instructed to take measures to launch trading of liquefied petroleum gas, preventing price distortions.
Thus, in accordance with the President's instruction, the transition to the LPG exchange was postponed until Jan. 1, 2023. On July 20, 2022, amendments were made to the Standard Rules of exchange trade, which allow avoiding price hikes in exchange trading.
At the same time, the following changes are under consideration:
inclusion of LPG in the list of goods that must be accompanied by bills of lading for transportation;
tightening of the requirements for issuing fiscal receipts from the automatic gas station with the indication of sales volumes and prices;
The issue of determining a single commodity exchange for scarce commodities, under the control of the relevant government agencies, is also under consideration. The above-mentioned measures will ensure transparency and track transactions in liquefied gas trade.
Fifth, it has been instructed to ensure the commissioning of electricity capacity and the timely implementation of projects to strengthen the electricity networks of the Southern and Western zones of the UES.
Today, 340 MW of electric capacities have been commissioned, and it is planned to commission an additional 240 MW of capacities by the end of this year. At the same time, work is underway to modernize the National Power Grid, including:
- construction and installation work to strengthen the electric networks of the Western power zone. The deadline for completion is 2023;
- a feasibility study is being developed to strengthen the power grids of the Southern power zone. After the development of the feasibility study the parameters and terms of the project implementation will be determined.
"All the tasks set by the Head of State are under the constant control of the Ministry and the tasks will be implemented in accordance with the established deadlines," Akchulakov emphasized.
As for the measures taken to implement the Program to increase the population's income until 2025, the program includes projects in the oil and gas, gas and energy industries, as well as in the field of renewable energy sources.
"In total, the implementation of 73 projects with the creation of about 34 thousand workplaces is planned until the end of 2025. This year, 14 projects will be implemented and 9.5 thousand workplaces will be created, of which about 6 thousand workplaces have already been created in the first half of the year," Akchulakov informed.
The deposits of hydrocarbon raw materials necessary for the development of oil and gas chemistry are concentrated in the western part of the country.
Thus, one of the largest polypropylene production facilities in the world (TOP-10) with a capacity of 500 thousand tons/year is planned to be launched in Atyrau region this year. It is planned to receive the 1st batch of products in the 2nd half of this year. It is planned to complete by 2024 the construction of a gas processing plant in the Atyrau region on the basis of raw materials from the Kashagan field with a capacity of 1 billion m3 of raw gas, as well as a plant for the production of methanol in the West Kazakhstan region with a capacity of 130 thousand tons per year.
In addition, the projects for the production of polyethylene with a capacity of 1.2 million tons/year and butadiene with a capacity of 186 thousand tons/year are at different stages of development.
"These projects will attract about $14 billion of investments and create more than 14,000 new workplaces by 2025. According to the results of the first half of this year, 3,240 workplaces were created in the oil and gas industry and 689 more workplaces will be created by the end of the year," Akchulakov said.
Ten investment projects are being implemented in the gas industry aimed at the construction and modernization of the gas transportation system, supplying gas to CHPPs and settlements, as well as increasing the resource base of marketable gas.
It is planned to complete 2 out of 10 projects this year, 6 projects are under implementation and 2 projects will be launched in 2023. The implementation of these projects will result in the creation of 2,600 new workplaces, including 2,447 temporary and 154 permanent ones. According to the results of the first half of this year, 855 workplaces were created and there are plans to create 141 more workplaces by the end of the year.
It is planned to implement 17 investment projects in the sphere of electric power till 2025 where 6 thousand temporary and 698 permanent workplaces will be created.
According to the Minister, today 12 investment agreements on modernization of existing cogeneration plants are already being implemented, as well as reconstruction of cable networks of Almaty and construction of the second transit circuit between West Kazakhstan and Atyrau regions.
The construction of a combined cycle plant at CHPP-2 in Almaty with a capacity of up to 400 MW is scheduled to begin at the end of this year. In the first half of the year, 905 workplaces have already been created, in the second half of the year it is planned to create 85 workplaces. At the same time, the auction for the construction of combined cycle plants in Kyzylorda and Turkistan regions has been completed.
It should be noted that Kazakhstan, along with the global community, pays great attention to the development of the renewable energy sector in the country. Thus, the program provides for modernization of the energy complex, which involves the launch of 40 projects on renewable energy with the creation of 3.2 thousand workplaces until 2025.
"It is planned to commission 11 RES projects this year, which will create more than 900 new workplaces. Five facilities have already been commissioned so far. This includes 3 solar power plants and 2 wind power plants with creation of 330 workplaces. 577 additional workplaces will be created by the end of the year," Akchulakov said.
The Minister also informed that this year the Karachaganak Expansion Project was launched. As part of this project aimed at maintaining the production shelf, it is planned to create about 2.6 thousand workplaces by 2025. Out of the planned 2 thousand workplaces for the current year, 1.5 thousand workplaces have already been created.
At the Kashagan field, a project on water treatment facility is being implemented. At the same time, to increase the production at Kashagan, the Phase 2A and Phase 2B expansion projects are being considered. These projects will create about 3 thousand workplaces by the end of 2025.
At the same time, 18 contracts were signed for the production and supply of the various types of equipment around major subsoil users (TCO, NCOC, KPO)
In addition, it should be noted that the three companies will create about 2 thousand temporary, after the commissioning of facilities, more than 600 permanent workplaces as part of the construction of social facilities.
According to the minister, KazMunayGas plans to reconstruct and expand the Astrakhan-Mangishlak water pipeline, Phase 1, by 2024, which will create 938 workplaces.
"The construction of a seawater desalination plant in the Mangystau region, Tokymak field, is planned for the period from 2023 to 2024, which will provide 242 new workplaces during construction, and after commissioning, 116 workplaces. A new gas processing plant in Zhanaozen will create 361 workplaces in the period 2022-2024," Akchulakov said.
The Minister of Energy, answering journalists' questions, shared his plans to train specialists of the appropriate level for the operation of nuclear power plants in Kazakhstan.
"A nuclear power plant is not just equipment that you can buy and install at home, anywhere. It (the plant) must not just be built, the operation of the equipment is one of the most important stages of work. Safe operation is, first of all, personnel. It's people who have to work and understand. Unfortunately, due to the fact that Kazakhstan doesn't have such nuclear power plants, we don't have enough trained personnel. And to operate one plant in dual mode, as we plan, we need about 2,000 permanent personnel," Akchulakov said.
According to him, these specialists must have a special knowledge.
"These are not just workers, they are employees who have narrow knowledge in nuclear physics, etc. So at some point we're going to negotiate — we're going to have to train our own personnel, and we are already doing that. They have to gain experience. They have to work at the stations for several years. We are doing this, and we think that by the time the plant is completed, we will have a sufficient pool of these specialists who will be able to gain experience over these 7-10 years. But, probably, in the first years of operation it should be done jointly with those who have a lot of experience," the Minister said.
The Minister of Energy also listed the technology options under consideration by the agency for the construction of nuclear power plants.
"A few words about nuclear power plants. Previously, we said that the process of choosing the right technology was underway. Now one technology has not been chosen yet. We went to Turkey, France, South Korea last year; we went to the UAE. We are planning to visit Hungarian facilities. All the plants are built with different technologies. Turkey uses Russian technology, Rosatom," Akchulakov said.
According to him, a specific choice has not been made yet.
"We need to consider all the pros and cons. There are several options - either the state itself builds, or gives the opportunity to build technology licensees. We are still studying the issues of safety and seismics. Although we have roughly decided on the site - the Ulken village. Before that, there was a short list of five technologies. We decided not to consider U.S. technology, because it is not a benchmark block," the head of Ministry of Energy concluded.
Akchulakov also voiced tentative cost of diesel fuel for agricultural producers by autumn.
"There has never been a shortage of diesel fuel for agricultural producers. I have been working in this field for many years. First of all, we always allocated diesel fuel volumes for spring and autumn works. Moreover, we always made it cheaper by negotiating with resource holders because there is no state subsidy for diesel fuel in our country. This year the price was 212 thousand per ton. In the autumn period we want to set 222 thousand tenge per ton," the Minister of Energy said.
He explained such decision.
"This is about 180 tenge per liter of diesel fuel for agricultural producers in the amount they are asking for - about 400 thousand tons for the harvesting and sowing. Why? Because the difference is small, you can see that the grain is in price today. We thought that instead of suffering losses from the supply, we can at least raise the price a little," the Minister added.
The Minister of Energy shared his opinion on the available options for gas supply to the northern regions of the country.
"The question of gas supply to the north and the east has been discussed many times. If we want to start this work today, then, accordingly, the best option is to supply gas from Russia. This is the most economically feasible and sustainable option in terms of supplying the gas itself. We are talking with Gazprom at the level of QazaqGaz. We conducted preliminary negotiations at the level of departments, today we're working out technical conditions," Akchulakov said.
According to him, many coal-fired plants will be converted to gas.
"In terms of the volume: the first stage is about 4 billion cubic meters of gas with the possibility of increasing to about 7, let's round it up to 10 billion cubic meters, because most likely we will have to convert many coal plants that are located there to gas. We want the price to be acceptable to our consumers. You know that our prices are highest in the south and in Nur-Sultan. Probably about this level, because it is imported gas. It is still to negotiate and agree," the Minister added.
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https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/oil/022311-china-cnpc-kazmunaigaz-sign-agreement-to-develop-urikhtau-gas-field
|
en
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China CNPC, KazMunaiGaz sign agreement to develop Urikhtau gas field
|
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2011-02-23T07:31:00
|
China National Petroleum Corporation and Kazakhstan s state-run oil and gas company KazMunaiGaz has signed an in-principle agreement to jointly develop the Urikhtau natural gas field in the Central Asian nation, the Chinese company said in a report Wednesday.
|
en
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/commodityinsights/Images/favicon.ico
|
https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/oil/022311-china-cnpc-kazmunaigaz-sign-agreement-to-develop-urikhtau-gas-field
|
China National Petroleum Corporation and Kazakhstan's state-run oil andgas company KazMunaiGaz has signed an in-principle agreement to jointlydevelop the Urikhtau natural gas field in the Central Asian nation, theChinese company said in a report Wednesday.
The agreement was signed during a three-day visit from February 21 led byKazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev, CNPC said in the report carriedby the company newsletter China Petrochemical Daily.
According to the report, state-owned CNPC and KazMunaiGaz will hold 50:50interest in a joint venture to explore and develop the gas field.
Located near Kenkiyak in the Aktyubinsk region of western Kazakhstan, theUrikhtau gas field was tapped during the Soviet era, but has not beendeveloped since Kazakh independence.
According to earlier estimates by KazMunaiGaz, Urikhtau's reserves standat around 40 billion cubic meters, and the field has an estimated potential toproduce 1.5-2 Bcm/year.
The field's gas output is expected to be one of the sources forKazakhstan's Beineu-Shymkent pipeline, which is a 1,500 km pipeline linkingseveral existing trunk lines in Central Asia, including the Center,Bukhara-Ural, BGR-TBA and Kazakhstan-China pipelines.
Construction of the pipeline started in late December and is expected tobe completed by 2012.
The 10 Bcm/year pipeline is the second phase of the Kazakhstan-China gaspipeline and will go from near the Caspian Sea to a linkup with the firstphase of the pipeline in south-central Kazakhstan.
The first phase, which brings gas from Turkmenistan to China viaKazakhstan, was launched in December 2010 with a capacity of 30 Bcm/year andmay be increased to 40 Bcm/year.
--Calvin Lee, calvin_lee@platts.com
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https://caspianbarrel.org/en/2024/04/it-is-planned-to-produce-60-bcm-of-gas-in-kazakhstan-in-2024/
|
en
|
It is planned to produce 60 bcm of gas in Kazakhstan in 2024
|
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2024-04-29T14:53:35+04:00
|
The Ministry of Energy of Kazakhstan, together with “QazaqGaz,” has formed a forecast gas balance until 2030, the press service
|
en
|
Caspian Barrel
|
https://caspianbarrel.org/en/2024/04/it-is-planned-to-produce-60-bcm-of-gas-in-kazakhstan-in-2024/
|
The Ministry of Energy of Kazakhstan, together with “QazaqGaz,” has formed a forecast gas balance until 2030, the press service of the ministry reports.
“In recent years, gas production in the country has been steadily growing. According to the projected gas balance, gas production is expected to increase to 60.456 bcm in 2024. The production plan for commercial gas for 2024 is 28.054 bcm. According to the projected gas balance, the current domestic consumption in 2024 is 20.9 bcm,” the ministry reports.
In 2023, gas production in Kazakhstan amounted to 59.063 bcm, including 16.009 bcm at large “Tengiz” fields, 22.385 bcm at “Karachaganak,” 11.856 bcm at “Kashagan,” and 8.813 bcm at other fields.
The ministry clarified that more than 85% of Kazakhstan’s gas production is provided by the “Tengiz” (27%), “Karachaganak” (38%) and “Kashagan” (20%) projects.
Vice Minister of Energy Askhat Khasenov said that in order to eliminate gas shortages in the country, production at the “Rozhkovskoye,” “Yuzhny Aksai” and “Anabai” fields was launched in 2023. In the medium term, it is expected to launch several more” Urikhtau Tsentralny,” “Zapadnaya Prorva,” and “Kalamkas” gas projects with recoverable gas reserves of more than 69 bcm.
He also said that compared to 2006, the volume of gas combustion has decreased by 10 times.
“The burning of crude gas in flares is prohibited, except in cases of threat or emergency situations, the life of personnel or public health and the environment, as well as in case of technologically unavoidable combustion to ensure an uninterrupted process of hydrocarbon production – maintenance and repair of technological equipment, as well as technological failures, failures and deviations in the operation of technological equipment. In 2023, the volume of burned gas in flares amounted to 307 million m3. The share of recycling was 99.5%, the department explained.
|
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https://www.worldoil.com/topics/russia-fsu/
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Russia & FSU
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[] | null |
en
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/images/favicon/favicon-32x32.png
| null |
News
The offshore gas platform was reportedly utilized for GPS spoofing to disrupt civilian navigation. A Ukrainian Navy spokesman emphasized that the platform was not in civilian use, and no civilians were present at the time of the attack.
News
Russia plans to make extra crude oil production cuts to compensate for pumping above its OPEC+ quota in October and November this year, then between March and September of 2025. The compensation cuts will be made to account for overproduction that has occurred from April, Russia’s Energy Ministry said in a Telegram statement.
News
This five-year agreement covers a comprehensive range of services, from consulting and concept to detailed engineering, aimed at optimizing and expanding the existing facilities and infrastructure of one of the largest oil and gas condensate fields in the world.
News
Azerbaijan, which has the presidency of the 29th United Nations’ Conference of the Parties, exported almost 24 Bcm of natural gas in 2023 with half of the volumes going to Europe, according to Energy Ministry data.
News
Azerbaijan, host of this year’s COP29 climate summit, will continue to invest in increasing natural gas production in order to feed demand from Europe as its president said that its abundant oil and gas resources were a “gift from God.”
News
The ACE platform is the seventh oil-production platform installed on the giant ACG field in the Caspian Sea. ACG first began production in 1997 and has since produced over 4.3 Bbbl of oil. The bp-operated Shah Deniz gas field has two further platforms in the Caspian.
News
Johnson, speaking in an Easter interview on Fox News Sunday, hinted that he planned to bring a Ukraine aid package that could include language reversing the permitting pause to the floor after the House returns from its spring recess April 9.
News
The expansion of the Tengizchevroil venture, known as the Future Growth Project, has delayed its full startup into the second quarter of next year. The project has gone well beyond its initial budget of $37 billion and the completion date had already been rescheduled twice from the original plan of mid-2022.
News
Block Energy plc, a development and production company in Georgia, announced an Independent Engineering Report indicating over 1 Tct of 2C contingent natural gas resources in the Patardzueli and Samgori fields in license XIB with a Net Present Value of more than $500 million.
News
One of the birth places of the oil industry, Azerbaijan was chosen to host COP29 this year. The Caspian Sea nation is the third oil and gas exporter in a row to host the talks after the United Arab Emirates last year and Egypt in 2022.
|
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2246
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dbpedia
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0
| 29
|
https://qazmonitor.com/news/2916/how-kazakhstan-revamps-its-subsurface-management-in-2024
|
en
|
How Kazakhstan Revamps Its Subsurface Management in 2024?
|
https://qazmonitor.com/api/og?title=How Kazakhstan Revamps Its Subsurface Management in 2024?&subtitle=Over the past year, the country completed surveys for 30 hydrocarbon fields and began their development&category=News&date=2024-04-30T07:15:08.000Z
|
https://qazmonitor.com/api/og?title=How Kazakhstan Revamps Its Subsurface Management in 2024?&subtitle=Over the past year, the country completed surveys for 30 hydrocarbon fields and began their development&category=News&date=2024-04-30T07:15:08.000Z
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Over the past year, the country completed surveys for 30 hydrocarbon fields and began their development — Read all the latest news on the information portal Qazaqstan Monitor
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en
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/apple-touch-icon.png
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https://qazmonitor.com/news/2916/how-kazakhstan-revamps-its-subsurface-management-in-2024
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On April 30, the Ministry of Energy gave an update on national subsurface asset management, emphasizing eleven key points, QazMonitor reports citing the Ministry’s press service.
Improved Model Contract: Introduced in the legislation on December 29, 2022, the IMC aims to raise funds for developing complex projects that investors may shy away from due to their high capital requirements and insufficient geological data. Since 2023, five contracts totaling $9 billion have been signed under the new contract.
New contracts were signed for several fields, including Kalamkas-Sea and Khazar (with reserves of 238.1 million tons), Karaton Podsolevoy (with reserves of 353.5 million tons), East Urikhtau (with reserves of 24 million tons and 12 billion cubic meters), North Maybulak (with reserves of 19.7 million tons), and Yuzhnoye Pridorozhnoye (with reserves of 15.2 billion cubic meters). Additionally, contracts were signed for Ortalyk, Asa, Kendyrlyk, Tamgalytar, and Oppak, with an overall reserve assessment of 138 billion cubic meters.
These projects have various benefits, including tax relief on property, separate treatment of capital expenses for tax purposes, and smooth transition from exploration to production phases, among others.
Streamlined government approval: The time needed to start geological exploration at fields has been cut to eight to ten months. Changes to the notification process for surveys, environmental assessment following project document review, and the removal of economic assessment have streamlined approval by government agencies.
E-auctioning process simplified: Recent legislative changes have broadened competition in e-auctions for subsurface use rights, leading to an increase in signature bonuses paid to the budget from ₸12.8 billion (as of April 30, 2024, $28.9 million) to ₸32 billion ($72.4 million).
Plans for depleted fields: In 2023, rules were introduced for investing in fields in their late stages. This year, amendments to the Tax Code are expected to allow 24 out of 307 oil fields to apply an alternative tax. This reform could lead to annual exploration investments of up to ₸200 billion ($452.9 million), a 60 million ton increase in oil production by 2045, and the preservation of current jobs.
Development of new fields: In 2023, 30 hydrocarbon fields transitioned from exploration to production. They added 115.4 million tons of oil and 25.5 billion cubic meters of gas to the national recoverable reserves. Commercial production in these fields will begin within three years of development. Notable oil reserves include Akzhar East (51.4 million tons), Kul-Bas (17.3 million tons), North Maybulak (5.9 million tons), and Bestobe (5 million tons). Significant gas reserves include Kubasay (6.6 billion cubic meters) and Ayrakty (5.9 billion cubic meters).
Subsoil users conduct detailed field appraisals, including high-resolution seismic surveys, reviewing earlier seismic data, appraisal well drilling, and revising geophysical studies. These efforts have led to increased geological oil reserves, such as 88.5 million tons at the Uzen field, 18.5 million tons at the Kalamkas field, 9.8 million tons at the Karazhanbas field, and 6.8 million tons at the Asar field, among others.
New gas projects launched: In 2023, gas production began at the Rozhkovskoye field (providing 1 billion cubic meters per year), South Aksay field (over 100 million cubic meters per year for Kyzylorda city), and Anabay field (200 million cubic meters per year). In the near future, Central Urikhtau, Prorva West, and Kalamkas fields, with recoverable gas reserves exceeding 69 billion cubic meters, are set to be launched.
Local procurement by subsurface users: In total, purchases of goods, services, and works amounted to ₸6.7 trillion ($15.172 billion). Of this, 61%, or ₸4.1 trillion ($9.284 billion), came from local manufacturers. This includes ₸2.3 trillion ($5.208 billion) for works, ₸1.4 trillion ($3.170 billion) for services, and ₸0.4 trillion ($905 million) for goods.
The Ministry revised procurement rules, prioritizing local producers through single-source method (if only one producer is available) or tender (if multiple producers exist).
New oil and gas facilities launched: In 2023, five new production facilities were introduced in collaboration with global manufacturers like WIKA from Germany for pressure and temperature equipment, Honeywell from the US for gas detectors and control system cabinets, PetrolValves from Italy for valves, Kazakh company Sigma Solutions for explosion-proof junction boxes, and Emerson from the US for pressure sensors.
Exploration investments: In 2023, total investments reached ₸7.4 trillion ($16.757 billion), with ₸152.4 billion ($345 million) dedicated to exploration.
Contract termination: In 2022, the Ministry terminated 18 contracts, and in 2023, 22 contracts were terminated after auditing subsurface areas held by users for an extended period without meeting contract obligations. As part of the audit, fines and debts totaling ₸3.1 billion ($7.020 million) have been paid to date.
Plans for new exploration wells: Subsurface users aim to drill over 80 new sites in 2024. This includes starting drilling at the Turgai Paleozoic for a deep well reaching 5,500 meters to uncover potential oil and gas reserves. Work will also commence at the Abay block in the Kazakhstan sector of the Caspian Sea. The users also work to start drilling at several sites – Karaton (5,500m deep), Aday block (6,900m deep), Maksat structure (6,200m deep), Say-Utes site (5,250m deep), and Block A (6,900m deep).
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burisma
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Wikipedia
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2015-05-14T17:17:27+00:00
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/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burisma
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Ukrainian energy company
Burisma Holdings Limited (Ukrainian: Бурісма Холдингс) was a holding company based in Kyiv, Ukraine, for a group of energy exploration and production companies. It was registered in Limassol, Cyprus, until being dissolved in 2023.[5] Burisma Holdings operated in the Ukrainian natural gas market since 2002. It was one of the largest private natural gas producers in Ukraine, circa 2019.[6][7] It was owned by Ukrainian oligarch Mykola Zlochevsky through his company Brociti Investments Limited (Ukrainian: Бросіті Інвестментс Лімітед).
Burisma's subsidiaries included Esko-Pivnich, Pari, Persha Ukrainska Naftogazova Kompaniya, Naftogaz Garant, KUB-Gas and Astroinvest-Ukraine.[8][9][10]
History
[edit]
Burisma was founded in 2002.[11][12] Consolidation of the Burisma Group took place mainly in 2006 and 2007.[13] It became a major shareholder of Sunrise Energy Resources, a Delaware Corporation, which in 2004 acquired Ukrainian companies Esko-Pivnich (Ukrainian: Еско-Північ) and Pari (Ukrainian: Парі), which owned natural gas exploration licences.[14] In 2009, shares in these companies were transferred to Millington Solutions Limited.[14] However, shortly thereafter Millington ceased to exist, at which point Burisma claimed ownership of those two companies. In 2012, Persha Ukrainska Naftogazova Kompaniya (First Ukrainian Oil and Gas Company, Ukrainian: Перша Українська нафтогазова компанія), Naftogaz Garant (Oil and Gas Guarantee, Ukrainian: Нафтогаз гарант), and KrymTopEnergoServis (CrimeaTopEnergoService, Ukrainian: Кримтопенергосервіс) became a part of the Burisma Group.[15][16][17]
In 2014, Burisma signed a cooperation agreement with KazMunayGas, the national oil and gas company of Kazakhstan.[18] In 2016, Burisma bought two hydraulic fracturing (fracking) fleets.[19] In 2017, it bought a 3,000-horsepower Service King Manufacturing SK 3000 drilling rig for $40 million (USD); it was the most powerful drilling rig in Eastern Europe at the time.[20]
In February 2016, Burisma acquired a 70% stake in KUB-Gas (КУБ-Газ).[8] In 2017, it bought a majority stake in Diloretio Holdings Limited, a company which owned Ukrainian gas companies SystemOilEngineering (Ukrainian: Системойлинжиниринг), Naftogazopromyslova geologiya, (Oil and Gas Industrial Geology, Ukrainian: Нафтогазпромислова геологія), and Tehnokomservis (TechnoComService, Ukrainian: Технокомсервіс).[21] Also in 2017, Burisma bought Nadragasvydobuvannya (Subsoil Gas Extraction, Ukrainian: Надрагазвидобування)[22] and GasOilInvest (Гасоілінвест).[23] In April 2019, Burisma acquired Astroinvest Ukraine (Астроінвест-Україна), a natural gas trader.[9]
In 2015, Burisma was one of the founders of the International Forum on Energy Security for the Future and partnered the Electric Marathon.[24] In 2017, it signed a partnership agreement with the Atlantic Council to promote anti-corruption measures.[25][26]
In the 2020 United States presidential election, the re-election campaign of President Donald Trump and his allies promoted allegations of corruption focused on the relationship between Burisma and Hunter Biden. The claims were first stated by an editor of Breitbart News,[27] and subsequently formed the basis of a pressure campaign by Trump and associates to push the Ukrainian government to announce an investigation of the younger Biden's role with Burisma, culminating in Trump's impeachment and acquittal.[28] Republicans hoped to use the Burisma allegations to tarnish Biden's 2020 Presidential campaign, but an investigation by the Republican-controlled Senate Homeland Security and Finance Committees shortly before the 2020 presidential election concluded that there was no evidence of improper influence or wrongdoing by Joe Biden.[29]
Operations
[edit]
Burisma's primary operations were in Ukraine, supplemented by activities in Germany, Mexico, Italy, and Kazakhstan.[19] It held 35 gas production licences in Ukraine in the Dnieper-Donets, Carpathian, and Azov-Kuban Basins.[8][11] Exploration and production activities were carried out at eight sites in five regions.[30] Burisma also provided natural gas well services, including hydraulic fracturing.[19] In 2019, Burisma planned to build a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) plant in Kharkiv with a capacity of 50,000 tonnes per year.[10]
In 2016, Burisma was the second largest privately owned natural gas producer in Ukraine after DTEK,[7] accounting for 26% of all natural gas produced by privately owned companies and more than 5% of total gas production in Ukraine.[7][31] According to the company, it produced 1.3 billion cubic metres (4.6×1010 cubic feet) of natural gas in Ukraine in 2018.[11]
In Kazakhstan, the company provided drilling services to KazMunayGas and its subsidiaries, including at the Urikhtau gas field.[32] In Italy, Burisma developed three geothermal power projects in partnership with Gesto Investimento e Gestão.[32]
Burisma's subsidiary Esko-Pivnich operates in the Kharkiv Oblast, and Pari operates in Western Ukraine (Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi oblasts).[33] KUB-Gas operates in Luhansk Oblast,[8] GasOilInvest in Poltava Oblast,[23] and Nadragasvydobuvannya in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast.[34] Burisma also owned KrymTopEnergoServis, a company which leased three gas deposits in Crimea.[17][33][35] However, after annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, KrymTopEnergoServis ceased operation as Burisma subsidiary.[35]
Corporate matters
[edit]
Ownership
[edit]
Burisma Holdings was owned by Brociti Investments Limited, a Cyprus-based company owned by Ukrainian former politician and businessman Mykola Zlochevsky. Zlochevsky was minister of natural resources under Viktor Yanukovych, then president of Ukraine.[36] Brociti Investments acquired Burisma Holdings in 2011.[37] Before that acquisition, Mykola Zlochevsky and Mykola Lisin each owned a 50% interest in Burisma Holdings.[14][37][38] Lisin, a Ukrainian politician, died in a traffic accident in 2011.[38] As the 2012 study of Burisma done by the Anti-Corruption Action Center found the true owner of Burisma was none other than billionaire-oligarch Ihor Kolomoisky.[37] Kolomoisky had a “controlling interest” in Burisma.[39][40]
Management
[edit]
Taras Burdeinyi was the chief executive officer of Burisma Holdings,[2][13] and Alan Apter was chairman of the board of directors.[3][4] As of 14 October 2019, the members of the board of directors, in order of seniority, are Alan Apter, Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Joseph Cofer Black, Karina Zlochevska, Christina Sofocleous, Riginos Charalampous, and Marina Pericleous.[3][4] Aleksander Kwaśniewski, former president of Poland, joined the board in January 2014.[41][42] In 2017, Joseph Cofer Black, former director of the Counterterrorism Center of the Central Intelligence Agency (1999–2002) in the George W. Bush administration and former Ambassador-at-Large for counter-terrorism (2002–2004), was appointed to the board.[43] Karina Zlochevska, daughter of Mykola Zlochevskiy, was also appointed in February 2016.[3][4]
In April 2014, Devon Archer, a former senior adviser to the John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign, and Hunter Biden, an attorney and the son of then-US vice president Joe Biden, joined the board.[41][44] Archer left the company in 2018[45] and Hunter Biden left in April 2019, when his term as a director expired.[11]
Financial results
[edit]
Burisma Holdings does not disclose its financial results.[11][19] It has been calculated, based on a minimal natural gas price, that the company's revenue in 2018 may have totaled at least US$400 million.[11]
Investigations
[edit]
In April 2014, the Serious Fraud Office of the United Kingdom launched a money laundering investigation against Zlochevsky, and as a result, accounts of Burisma Holdings and its parent Brociti Investments at the London branch of BNP Paribas containing US$23 million were frozen. That money was transferred as a result of complex transactions by a company controlled by a Ukrainian businessman Serhiy Kurchenko, a subject of the European Union restrictive measures.[46] When the Ukrainian prosecutor general's office failed to provide documents needed for the investigation, a British court in January 2015 dropped the case and ordered to unfreeze the assets.[47] In September 2015, then-U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine Geoffrey Pyatt gave a speech in which he called out Ukrainian prosecutors for failing to cooperate with the investigation.[47]
Office of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine and National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine (NABU) have conducted in total 15 investigations on Burisma's owner Zlochevsky.[48] In 2016, former Prosecutor General Yuriy Lutsenko accused Burisma subsidiaries of conspiracy and tax evasion of about one billion hryvnias (US$70 million) in 2014–2015, but later during investigation subsidiaries of Burisma were not mentioned.[49] Tax audit of Esko-Pivnich by the State Fiscal Service found some violations in 2016. As a result, 50 million hryvnias (US$1.9 million) of additional taxes was paid to eliminate criminal charges.[49] In total, Burisma paid additional 180 million hryvnias (US$7.44 million) of taxes to avoid further criminal proceedings.[11][30] A criminal investigation was conducted if natural resources extraction licenses were issued to Burisma subsidiaries legally during the period Zlochevsky held government office. Although violations of the procedure were established by NABU, the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office missed procedural deadlines for a lawsuit and the case for nullifying licenses was dismissed by the court.[49] In October 2019, Prosecutor General Ruslan Riaboshapka announced that all 15 investigation cases will be reviewed.[48]
In January 2024, John Buretta (an American lawyer and former U.S. Deputy Assistant Attorney General, who was one of the key attorneys on Zlochevskyi’s defense team) retroactively filed a Foreign Agents Registration Act document for work done on behalf of Burisma and Zlochevsky in 2016. According to Buretta's law firm, the decision to file the disclosure 8 years after the fact came "after a discussion with the DOJ."[50]
See also
[edit]
Cyberwarfare by Russia
Biden–Ukraine conspiracy theory
Trump–Ukraine scandal
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https://www.petroleumjournal.kz/index.php%3Fp%3Darticle%26aid1%3D3%26aid2%3D12%26id%3D30%26outlang%3D3
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https://www.eurasian-research.org/publication/natural-gas-industry-of-kazakhstan-key-features-and-future-prospects/
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Natural Gas Industry of Kazakhstan: Key Features and Future Prospects
|
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ERI | Eurasian Research Institute
|
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https://www.eurasian-research.org/publication/natural-gas-industry-of-kazakhstan-key-features-and-future-prospects/
|
Among the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Kazakhstan has the 2rd largest liquid hydrocarbon fields after Russia. (ROGTEC, 2015) According to the Ministry of Energy of Kazakhstan, the recoverable natural gas reserves in the country are estimated at 4.03 cubic meters[1]. Therefore, on natural gas reserves, Kazakhstan ranks the 22th in the world and 3rd in the CIS. According to the Minister of Energy, K. Bozumbayev, the total gas production in Kazakhstan amounted to 45.3 billion cubic meters in 2015 (Kazakhstan 2050, 2016) and the oil companies of the country produced 29.9 billion cubic meters of natural gas in January-August 2016. (Committee on Statistics, 2016)
Over the past few years, Kazakhstan was constantly increasing its gas production. For instance, as it shown in Figure 1, the country’s gas production volume increased from 11.6 billion cubic meters in 2003 to 32.9 billion cubic meters in 2010 with further growth to 45.3 billion cubic meters in 2015. Therefore, the production level of natural gas in 2015 at over 290% higher than the 2003 volume. Moreover, Kazakhstan could manage to increase the production of liquefied petroleum gas by 2.3% and reach 2.5 million tons in 2015.
Figure 1. Kazakhstan’s natural gas production
Source: The Ministry of Energy of Kazakhstan
The natural gas exports amounted to 12.7 billion cubic meters in 2015, which is 14.4% increase compared to 2014, and reached 6.4 billion cubic meters in the first half of 2016. (Kazakhstan 2050, 2016) The Kazakh natural gas is mainly exported to Russia and Kyrgyzstan. The volume of international gas transit through the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2015 amounted to 87.1 billion cubic meters, which is 5% decrease compared to 2014. For instance, in 2015 the volumes of the Russian, Turkmen and Uzbek natural gas transported via the Kazakh gas pipelines infrastructure amounted to 53 billion cubic meters, 27.2 billion cubic meters and 7 billion cubic meters respectively. (Ministry of Energy of Kazakhstan, 2016)
Most of Kazakhstan’s natural gas reserves or over 98% are located in the west of the country. The approximate allocation of total gas reserves is as follows: 34.5% is the Kashagan field associated gas, 23.2% are the Karachaganak field gas and 17.3% are the Tengiz field gas, the remaining part is shared between smaller deposits such as the Korolevskoye, Zhanazhol, Urikhtau, and others. (KAZENERGY, 2011) Therefore, commercial exploration of natural gas in Kazakhstan is conducted on over 70 gas, gas condensate and oil-gas fields out of 228 hydrocarbon fields. Since natural gas production at the Kashagan field would start only at the end of 2016, the first place among the companies in terms of gas production is still held by Karachaganak Petroleum Operating with 42% of the country’s total gas output. TengizChevroil holds the second place with 34% of total gas production and CNPC-AktobeMunaiGas ranks third among the leaders with 8% of total gas production.
Figure 2. Kazakhstan’s gross natural gas production by sources
Source: IHS Energy, EOEO
It can be clearly seen that Kazakhstan’s gas industry has positive statistics. However, there are a number of issues that need to be addressed. For instance, the lion’s share of the Kazakh natural gas is produced in association with oil as either associated gas or condensate-related gas. To date, only over 20 deposits contain non-associated gas. This is why up to recent time gas production was an integral part of the oil producing companies’ activity. Since Kazakhstan’s economy focused on generating oil revenues, the increase of the natural gas commercial production remains secondary to the need to maximize oil output[2]. Therefore, in 2014 Kazakhstan re-injected about 18.4 billion cubic meters or 40% of its associated gas output to maintain reservoir pressure and realized only about 60% of its gross gas output as commercial volumes. (KAZENERGY, 2015)
Moreover, since gas is produced simultaneously with crude oil and condensates a significant part of the natural gas is characterized by multi-component composition and high sulfur content, which greatly complicates its exploration and processing.[3] For instance, the Tengiz and Kashagan fields’ sulfur content is about 18-19%. Therefore, before sending the gas to market it should be processed in order to remove sulfur and other impurities, which makes the production of commercial gas, which could be further delivered to consumers and enterprises, much more costly.[4]
Actually, domestic consumption of the natural gas remained relatively low accounting for only about 17.5 % of the country’s primary energy balance in 2015. One of the reasons for low level of consumption is lack of gas pipeline infrastructure in Kazakhstan. To date, a significant part of oil and gas fields in the country are not connected to Gas-supply Unique System (GUS). For instance, only 15 fields or about 7% of total amount are connected to GUS. The natural gas pipelines are presently available in 10 out of 14 regions of Kazakhstan. At the end of 2015, only 42.98% of the population of Kazakhstan has access to the natural gas supply. (Ministry of Energy of Kazakhstan, 2016)
In order to promote domestic gas consumption, Kazakhstan’s authorities decided to create the county’s single-buyer model under the responsibility of KazTransGaz (KTG) designated as national gas operator, which has rights to purchase associated gas from producers, sell gas on the local market and export gas. The main critical task of KTG is to provide 100% gasification coverage of population of the republic by reforming and complex development of Kazakhstan’s gas industry.
A major initiative toward the gasification of the country is the construction of the Beyneu – Bozoy – Shymkent pipeline with passing capacity up to 10 billion cubic meters, which will increase the energy security of Kazakhstan and allow delivering gas from the western gas production regions of the country to the southern parts. As a result, Kazakhstan could decrease its dependency on the gas supplies from Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. The project implementation will definitely cause positive multiplicative effect expressed in gasification of the Kyzylorda, Southern Kazakhstan, Zhambyl and Almaty regions. (KazTransGaz, 2016)
Figure 3. Map of Kazakhstan’s gas fields and pipelines
Source: SEEPX Energy, IHS Energy
It is obvious that the dynamic growth of gas production is impossible without a developed pipeline infrastructure. Currently, the main transit lines, which are used for transit of Turkmen and Uzbek gas, are Central Asia-Center, Bukhara – Ural, Orenburg – Novopskov. Moreover, the natural gas is supplied to the southern regions of the country and the Kostanay region oblast under the SWAP-operations with the Russian gas giant Gazprom by using the Uzbek gas resources via BGA-TBA and Gazly-Shymkent gas pipelines. Moreover, the Uzbek and/or Turkmen gas is transported via Turkmenistan – Uzbekistan – Kazakhstan – China main pipeline.[5] (KazMunayGaz, 2015)
Therefore, it could be concluded that it is important for Kazakhstan to keep the gas production in 2016 at least at the 2014 volumes. Moreover, KTG should continue developing transportation routes on transit and export delivery of the natural gas taking into account the fact that because of the constantly increasing level of internal consumption and the significant volume of reinjection the gas export potential of Kazakhstan remains at the low level.
References
Kazakhstan 2050. (2016). In 2016 Kazakhstan produced 22.7 billion cubic meters of oil. Retrieved from https://strategy2050.kz/en/news/37908/
KAZENERGY. (2011). Gas Industry of Kazakhstan. The growth is sustained. KAZENERGY Journal(5), 44-47.
KAZENERGY. (2015). The National Energy Report. 2015: Astana.
KazMunayGaz. (2015). KAZMUNAYGAS ANNUAL REPORT 2015. Astana.
KazTransGaz. (2016). KazTransGas JSC Annual Report for 2015. Astana.
Ministry of Energy of Kazakshtan. (2016). Background on the Ministry of Energy of Kazakshtan Activity in 2015 and 2016 Plans. Astana.
ROGTEC. (2015). Kazakhstan Oil & Gas. 2014 Results and 2015 Industry Development Outlook. ROGTEC. Russian Oil & Gas Technologies(41), 46-53.
[1] The CIA World Factbook lists Kazakhstan’s proven natural gas reserves as 2.4 trillion cubic meters as of January 1, 2014.
[2] Karachaganak became Kazakhstan’s first upstream project to introduce gas reinjection to enhance liquids production in 2004.
[3] As of the end of October 2013, Kazakhstan has 14 gas processing plants.
[4] The largest gas processing plants in Kazakhstan are the Kazakh, Tengiz, Karachaganak, and Zhanazhol.
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https://en.inform.kz/news/qazaqgaz-chevron-agree-on-potential-geological-exploration-at-kazakh-zhalibek-site-137ab6/
|
en
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QazaqGaz, Chevron agree on potential geological exploration at Kazakh Zhalibek site
|
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2024-07-02T10:18:00+00:00
|
JSC NC QazaqGaz and Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc. (Chevron), entered into a cooperation agreement on potential geological exploration at the Zhalibek site in Aktobe region, near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields, Kazinform News Agency reports.
|
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/static/img/favicon16x16.svg
|
en.inform.kz
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https://en.inform.kz/news/qazaqgaz-chevron-agree-on-potential-geological-exploration-at-kazakh-zhalibek-site-137ab6/
|
As the press service of QazaqGaz informed, negotiations and technical preparations for this project have been ongoing for the past year. In the initial phase, Chevron will reprocess existing seismic data and develop technical interpretations. The respective parties view the signed agreement as a potential starting point for more extensive collaboration.
The agreement was signed by Derek Magness, Managing Director for Chevron’s Eurasia Business Unit, and Sanzhar Zharkeshov, Chairman of the Management Board of QazaqGaz. The signing ceremony was held with the participation of Chairman of the Board of JSC "Samruk-Kazyna" Nurlan Zhakupov.
The project is being implemented with the support of “Samruk-Kazyna” JSC and Ministry of Energy.
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https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/103876/
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en
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QazaqGaz to team up with Chevron for exploration project at Zhalibek block in Kazakhstan
|
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ASTANA. July 1 (Interfax) - National Company QazaqGaz JSC and Chevron Corporation, through its subsidiary Chevron Munaigas Inc., have agreed to cooperate in geological exploration at the Zhalibek Block in Kazakhstan's Aktobe region near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau oil fields, QazaqGaz said in a press release.
The agreement of cooperation was signed by QazaqGaz CEO Sanzhar Zharkeshov and Chevron's Managing Director for Eurasia Derek Magness.
"During the first stage, Chevron will analyze a second time and interpret the available seismic data. The parties view the signed agreement as a potential start of their cooperation on a larger scale," the press release says.
According to QazaqGaz, negotiations and technical preparations for this project were carried out last year; the project will be implemented with the support of Kazakhstan's National Wealth Fund Samruk-Kazyna JSC, which is the sole shareholder of National Company QazaqGaz JSC.
"We are pleased to strengthen our cooperation with QazaqGaz through this important gas project. Our strategic partnership with Kazakhstan has spanned more than three decades, and this agreement creates new opportunities for potentially advancing Kazakhstan's energy sector. Chevron recognizes the importance of gas development and related potential opportunities within Kazakhstan's gas industry", said Derek Magness.
"We look forward to working with Chevron to find possible new gas prospects. Further geological exploration and development of a potential gas condensate or oil and gas condensate field at the Zhalibek site is expected to enhance the commercial gas resource base and drive economic growth in the country," said Sanzhar Zharkeshov.
The agreement "creates new opportunities for potentially advancing Kazakhstan's energy sector," said Derek Magness. "Chevron recognizes the importance of gas development and related potential opportunities within Kazakhstan's gas industry," he said.
QazaqGaz, formerly KazTransGas, is the national gas operator in Kazakhstan, including gas exploration, production, transportation and distribution. QazaqGaz operates gas pipelines totaling about 76,000 km in length, including 20,000 km of large pipelines with a yearly throughput capacity of 267.8 billion cubic meters of gas and 56,000 km of gas distribution networks.
|
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https://www.offshore-technology.com/data-insights/oil-gas-field-profile-urikhtau-project-conventional-gas-field-kazakhstan/
|
en
|
Oil & gas field profile: Urikhtau Project Conventional Gas Field, Kazakhstan
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2021-11-30T00:00:00+00:00
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Urikhtau Project is a conventional gas development located onshore Kazakhstan and is operated by Urikhtau Operating
|
en
|
Offshore Technology
|
https://www.offshore-technology.com/data-insights/oil-gas-field-profile-urikhtau-project-conventional-gas-field-kazakhstan/
|
Field participation details
The field is owned by National Company KazMunayGas.
Production from Urikhtau Project
The Urikhtau Project conventional gas field recovered 3.51% of its total recoverable reserves, with peak production expected in 2024. Based on economic assumptions, production will continue until the field reaches its economic limit in 2074. The field currently accounts for approximately 1% of the country’s daily output.
For more details on the Urikhtau Project Conventional Gas Field, buy the profile here.
This content was updated on 14 May 2024
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Featured Events
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https://dknews.kz/en/articles-in-english/250170-how-kazakhstan-s-energy-security-is-ensured
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en
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How Kazakhstan's energy security is ensured
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2022-08-27T12:16:00+05:00
|
Today in the Central Communications Service under the President of Kazakhstan, Minister of Energy Bolat Akchulakov spoke about the development of the energy industry of Kazakhstan as part of the
|
en
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/favicon.svg
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https://dknews.kz/en/articles-in-english/250170-how-kazakhstan-s-energy-security-is-ensured
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Today in the Central Communications Service under the President of Kazakhstan, Minister of Energy Bolat Akchulakov spoke about the development of the energy industry of Kazakhstan as part of the instructions of the Head of State, given previously at the expanded session of the Government. Also, the Minister presented the results of the half-year program to increase incomes of the population, Delovoy Kazakhstan reports.
During the expanded session of the Government, Head of State Tokayev gave a number of specific instructions to ensure energy security of the country.
First, the task has been set to prevent a shortage of diesel fuel by developing differentiated prices for the transit transport and the perimeter of the border.
"According to the border service, about 4.4 thousand cargo vehicles enter the Republic of Kazakhstan per day, about 70% of which are foreign vehicles. Low prices at the gas stations in Kazakhstan lead to an increase in the average monthly consumption of approximately 120 thousand tons. Currently, the Ministry has developed a draft order stipulating differentiated prices for diesel fuel. Prices will be differentiated depending on the residence, the volume of consumption and the type of transport. The work in this direction will continue with the relevant state agencies and parties" Bolat Akchulakov
Second, it was instructed to prevent a shortage of the road bitumen.
According to the Minister, as a result of the work conducted, the import quota for tar sands from Russia increased from 280 to 430 thousand tons, as well as the production of bitumen in the bitumen plant in Aktau, which will allow domestic producers of bitumen to increase production by 300 thousand tons.
As a result, the annual total capacity will be 1.2-1.3 million tons per year, which will cover the needs of the domestic market for road construction.
"I would like to note that the deficit arises due to the uneven selection of the bitumen by road construction companies, in particular in the winter-spring period, there are almost no applications for the production of the bitumen. In this regard, the Ministry together with the Ministry of Industry and Infrastructure Development are working on the issue of determining a single supplier to purchase the bitumen in the winter and spring seasons" Bolat Akchulakov
Third, the Head of State instructed to elaborate fiscal preferences for the new gas production projects.
A package of legislative amendments to implement the mechanism of the Improved Model Subsoil Use Contract, including for the gas projects, has been prepared for today. Thus, regulatory and fiscal preferences in the form of tax exemptions are provided.
At the same time, work is underway to develop an incentive gas price for gas projects. Corresponding amendments to the legislation will be adopted by the end of this year.
"These measures will ensure the development of gas fields with total gas reserves of about 93.6 billion m3 (Central Urikhtau, Western Prorva, Anabay, Pridorozhnoye, Teplov-Tokarev group, Ansagan, Rozhkovskoye, etc.) and additional production of commercial gas by 2030 in the amount of 6.7 billion m3 per year" Bolat Akchulakov
Forth, it was instructed to take measures to launch trading of liquefied petroleum gas, preventing price distortions.
Thus, in accordance with the President's instruction, the transition to the LPG exchange was postponed until Jan. 1, 2023. On July 20, 2022, amendments were made to the Standard Rules of exchange trade, which allow avoiding price hikes in exchange trading.
At the same time, the following changes are under consideration:
inclusion of LPG in the list of goods that must be accompanied by bills of lading for transportation;
tightening of the requirements for issuing fiscal receipts from the automatic gas station with the indication of sales volumes and prices;
The issue of determining a single commodity exchange for scarce commodities, under the control of the relevant government agencies, is also under consideration. The above-mentioned measures will ensure transparency and track transactions in liquefied gas trade.
Fifth, it has been instructed to ensure the commissioning of electricity capacity and the timely implementation of projects to strengthen the electricity networks of the Southern and Western zones of the UES.
Today, 340 MW of electric capacities have been commissioned, and it is planned to commission an additional 240 MW of capacities by the end of this year. At the same time, work is underway to modernize the National Power Grid, including:
construction and installation work to strengthen the electric networks of the Western power zone. The deadline for completion is 2023;
a feasibility study is being developed to strengthen the power grids of the Southern power zone. After the development of the feasibility study the parameters and terms of the project implementation will be determined.
"All the tasks set by the Head of State are under the constant control of the Ministry and the tasks will be implemented in accordance with the established deadlines" Bolat Akchulakov
As for the measures taken to implement the Program to increase the population's income until 2025, the program includes projects in the oil and gas, gas and energy industries, as well as in the field of renewable energy sources.
"In total, the implementation of 73 projects with the creation of about 34 thousand workplaces is planned until the end of 2025. This year, 14 projects will be implemented and 9.5 thousand workplaces will be created, of which about 6 thousand workplaces have already been created in the first half of the year" Bolat Akchulakov
The deposits of hydrocarbon raw materials necessary for the development of oil and gas chemistry are concentrated in the western part of the country.
Thus, one of the largest polypropylene production facilities in the world (TOP-10) with a capacity of 500 thousand tons/year is planned to be launched in Atyrau region this year. It is planned to receive the 1st batch of products in the 2nd half of this year. It is planned to complete by 2024 the construction of a gas processing plant in the Atyrau region on the basis of raw materials from the Kashagan field with a capacity of 1 billion m3 of raw gas, as well as a plant for the production of methanol in the West Kazakhstan region with a capacity of 130 thousand tons per year.
In addition, the projects for the production of polyethylene with a capacity of 1.2 million tons/year and butadiene with a capacity of 186 thousand tons/year are at different stages of development.
"These projects will attract about $14 billion of investments and create more than 14,000 new workplaces by 2025. According to the results of the first half of this year, 3,240 workplaces were created in the oil and gas industry and 689 more workplaces will be created by the end of the year" Bolat Akchulakov
Ten investment projects are being implemented in the gas industry aimed at the construction and modernization of the gas transportation system, supplying gas to CHPPs and settlements, as well as increasing the resource base of marketable gas.
It is planned to complete 2 out of 10 projects this year, 6 projects are under implementation and 2 projects will be launched in 2023. The implementation of these projects will result in the creation of 2,600 new workplaces, including 2,447 temporary and 154 permanent ones. According to the results of the first half of this year, 855 workplaces were created and there are plans to create 141 more workplaces by the end of the year.
It is planned to implement 17 investment projects in the sphere of electric power till 2025 where 6 thousand temporary and 698 permanent workplaces will be created.
According to the Minister, today 12 investment agreements on modernization of existing cogeneration plants are already being implemented, as well as reconstruction of cable networks of Almaty and construction of the second transit circuit between West Kazakhstan and Atyrau regions.
The construction of a combined cycle plant at CHPP-2 in Almaty with a capacity of up to 400 MW is scheduled to begin at the end of this year. In the first half of the year, 905 workplaces have already been created, in the second half of the year it is planned to create 85 workplaces. At the same time, the auction for the construction of combined cycle plants in Kyzylorda and Turkistan regions has been completed.
It should be noted that Kazakhstan, along with the global community, pays great attention to the development of the renewable energy sector in the country. Thus, the program provides for modernization of the energy complex, which involves the launch of 40 projects on renewable energy with the creation of 3.2 thousand workplaces until 2025.
"It is planned to commission 11 RES projects this year, which will create more than 900 new workplaces. Five facilities have already been commissioned so far. This includes 3 solar power plants and 2 wind power plants with creation of 330 workplaces. 577 additional workplaces will be created by the end of the year" Bolat Akchulakov
The Minister also informed that this year the Karachaganak Expansion Project was launched. As part of this project aimed at maintaining the production shelf, it is planned to create about 2.6 thousand workplaces by 2025. Out of the planned 2 thousand workplaces for the current year, 1.5 thousand workplaces have already been created.
At the Kashagan field, a project on water treatment facility is being implemented. At the same time, to increase the production at Kashagan, the Phase 2A and Phase 2B expansion projects are being considered. These projects will create about 3 thousand workplaces by the end of 2025.
At the same time, 18 contracts were signed for the production and supply of the various types of equipment around major subsoil users (TCO, NCOC, KPO)
In addition, it should be noted that the three companies will create about 2 thousand temporary, after the commissioning of facilities, more than 600 permanent workplaces as part of the construction of social facilities.
According to the minister, KazMunayGas plans to reconstruct and expand the Astrakhan-Mangishlak water pipeline, Phase 1, by 2024, which will create 938 workplaces.
"The construction of a seawater desalination plant in the Mangystau region, Tokymak field, is planned for the period from 2023 to 2024, which will provide 242 new workplaces during construction, and after commissioning, 116 workplaces. A new gas processing plant in Zhanaozen will create 361 workplaces in the period 2022-2024" Bolat Akchulakov
The Minister of Energy, answering journalists' questions, shared his plans to train specialists of the appropriate level for the operation of nuclear power plants in Kazakhstan.
"A nuclear power plant is not just equipment that you can buy and install at home, anywhere. It (the plant) must not just be built, the operation of the equipment is one of the most important stages of work. Safe operation is, first of all, personnel. It's people who have to work and understand. Unfortunately, due to the fact that Kazakhstan doesn't have such nuclear power plants, we don't have enough trained personnel. And to operate one plant in dual mode, as we plan, we need about 2,000 permanent personnel" Bolat Akchulakov
According to him, these specialists must have a special knowledge.
"These are not just workers, they are employees who have narrow knowledge in nuclear physics, etc. So at some point we're going to negotiate — we're going to have to train our own personnel, and we are already doing that. They have to gain experience. They have to work at the stations for several years. We are doing this, and we think that by the time the plant is completed, we will have a sufficient pool of these specialists who will be able to gain experience over these 7-10 years. But, probably, in the first years of operation it should be done jointly with those who have a lot of experience" Bolat Akchulakov
The Minister of Energy also listed the technology options under consideration by the agency for the construction of nuclear power plants.
"A few words about nuclear power plants. Previously, we said that the process of choosing the right technology was underway. Now one technology has not been chosen yet. We went to Turkey, France, South Korea last year; we went to the UAE. We are planning to visit Hungarian facilities. All the plants are built with different technologies. Turkey uses Russian technology, Rosatom" Bolat Akchulakov
According to him, a specific choice has not been made yet.
"We need to consider all the pros and cons. There are several options - either the state itself builds, or gives the opportunity to build technology licensees. We are still studying the issues of safety and seismics. Although we have roughly decided on the site - the Ulken village. Before that, there was a short list of five technologies. We decided not to consider U.S. technology, because it is not a benchmark block" The head of Ministry of Energy
Akchulakov also voiced tentative cost of diesel fuel for agricultural producers by autumn.
"There has never been a shortage of diesel fuel for agricultural producers. I have been working in this field for many years. First of all, we always allocated diesel fuel volumes for spring and autumn works. Moreover, we always made it cheaper by negotiating with resource holders because there is no state subsidy for diesel fuel in our country. This year the price was 212 thousand per ton. In the autumn period we want to set 222 thousand tenge per ton" Bolat Akchulakov
He explained such decision.
"This is about 180 tenge per liter of diesel fuel for agricultural producers in the amount they are asking for - about 400 thousand tons for the harvesting and sowing. Why? Because the difference is small, you can see that the grain is in price today. We thought that instead of suffering losses from the supply, we can at least raise the price a little" Bolat Akchulakov
The Minister of Energy shared his opinion on the available options for gas supply to the northern regions of the country.
"The question of gas supply to the north and the east has been discussed many times. If we want to start this work today, then, accordingly, the best option is to supply gas from Russia. This is the most economically feasible and sustainable option in terms of supplying the gas itself. We are talking with Gazprom at the level of QazaqGaz. We conducted preliminary negotiations at the level of departments, today we're working out technical conditions" Bolat Akchulakov
According to him, many coal-fired plants will be converted to gas.
"In terms of the volume: the first stage is about 4 billion cubic meters of gas with the possibility of increasing to about 7, let's round it up to 10 billion cubic meters, because most likely we will have to convert many coal plants that are located there to gas. We want the price to be acceptable to our consumers. You know that our prices are highest in the south and in Nur-Sultan. Probably about this level, because it is imported gas. It is still to negotiate and agree" Bolat Akchulakov
|
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https://www.globalcapital.com/asia/article/28mxlitsd2i844gppimm8/emerging-market-loans/kazmunaigas-pushes-for-urikhtau-loan
|
en
|
KazMunaiGas pushes for Urikhtau loan
|
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] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Dan Alderson"
] |
2014-12-11T19:45:00
|
Kazakhstan state-owned oil and gas company KazMunaiGas is looking to close a loan of as much as $600m through its operating subsidiary Urikhtau before the end of the year, said bankers involved with the deal.
|
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
|
GlobalCapital
|
https://www.globalcapital.com/asia/article/28mxlitsd2i844gppimm8/emerging-market-loans/kazmunaigas-pushes-for-urikhtau-loan
|
Kazakhstan state-owned oil and gas company KazMunaiGas is looking to close a loan of as much as $600m through its operating subsidiary Urikhtau before the end of the year, said bankers involved with the deal.
Unlock this article.
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Dan Alderson
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|
||||
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| 27
|
https://newsbase.com/story/fsuogm-chevron-to-help-hunt-for-gas-in-kazakhstan-332789
|
en
|
FSUOGM: Chevron to help hunt for gas in Kazakhstan
|
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[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
https://newsbase.com/sites/default/themes/website/favicon.ico
|
https://newsbase.com/story/fsuogm-chevron-to-help-hunt-for-gas-in-kazakhstan-332789
|
US oil major Chevron has signed a cooperation agreement with Kazakhstan’s state-owned gas company QazaqGaz on reprocessing seismic data at a site in the Aktobe region in the hope of advancing gas development.
In a statement on July 1, QazaqGaz said negotiations and technical preparations for the project at the Zhalibek site have continued over the past year. Zhalibek is situated near the Zhanazhol and Urikhtau fields, operated by China’s CNPC and Kazakhstan’s state oil company KazMunayGaz respectively.
Natural gas development has traditionally been overlooked in Kazakhstan in favour of more lucrative oil projects. While oil can be delivered to international markets, gas is either used to boost oil recovery or sold domestically at regulated low prices. However, Astana is eager to boost gas development to provide more settlements with the fuel in order to expand energy access and reduce reliance on coal and other dirtier fuels.
|
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https://caspianbarrel.org/en/2024/04/it-is-planned-to-produce-60-bcm-of-gas-in-kazakhstan-in-2024/
|
en
|
It is planned to produce 60 bcm of gas in Kazakhstan in 2024
|
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[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-04-29T14:53:35+04:00
|
The Ministry of Energy of Kazakhstan, together with “QazaqGaz,” has formed a forecast gas balance until 2030, the press service
|
en
|
Caspian Barrel
|
https://caspianbarrel.org/en/2024/04/it-is-planned-to-produce-60-bcm-of-gas-in-kazakhstan-in-2024/
|
The Ministry of Energy of Kazakhstan, together with “QazaqGaz,” has formed a forecast gas balance until 2030, the press service of the ministry reports.
“In recent years, gas production in the country has been steadily growing. According to the projected gas balance, gas production is expected to increase to 60.456 bcm in 2024. The production plan for commercial gas for 2024 is 28.054 bcm. According to the projected gas balance, the current domestic consumption in 2024 is 20.9 bcm,” the ministry reports.
In 2023, gas production in Kazakhstan amounted to 59.063 bcm, including 16.009 bcm at large “Tengiz” fields, 22.385 bcm at “Karachaganak,” 11.856 bcm at “Kashagan,” and 8.813 bcm at other fields.
The ministry clarified that more than 85% of Kazakhstan’s gas production is provided by the “Tengiz” (27%), “Karachaganak” (38%) and “Kashagan” (20%) projects.
Vice Minister of Energy Askhat Khasenov said that in order to eliminate gas shortages in the country, production at the “Rozhkovskoye,” “Yuzhny Aksai” and “Anabai” fields was launched in 2023. In the medium term, it is expected to launch several more” Urikhtau Tsentralny,” “Zapadnaya Prorva,” and “Kalamkas” gas projects with recoverable gas reserves of more than 69 bcm.
He also said that compared to 2006, the volume of gas combustion has decreased by 10 times.
“The burning of crude gas in flares is prohibited, except in cases of threat or emergency situations, the life of personnel or public health and the environment, as well as in case of technologically unavoidable combustion to ensure an uninterrupted process of hydrocarbon production – maintenance and repair of technological equipment, as well as technological failures, failures and deviations in the operation of technological equipment. In 2023, the volume of burned gas in flares amounted to 307 million m3. The share of recycling was 99.5%, the department explained.
|
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https://www.energyintel.com/0000017b-a7b2-de4c-a17b-e7f26a590000
|
en
|
KMG Gets Gas Field To Meet Domestic Needs
|
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[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2008-02-27T00:00:00
|
In a drive to become more self-reliant in gas, Kazakh state Kazmunaigas (KMG) has been handed the Urikhtau gas field in the west of the country. The field…
|
en
|
/favicon-32x32.png
|
Energy Intelligence
|
https://www.energyintel.com/0000017b-a7b2-de4c-a17b-e7f26a590000
|
In a drive to become more self-reliant in gas, Kazakh state Kazmunaigas (KMG) has been handed the Urikhtau gas field in the west of the country. The field is earmarked to supply a 1,500 km gas pipeline that is planned to be built from the energy-rich west to the heavily populated south of Kazakhstan, where alarm bells rang last month when Uzbekistan briefly cut gas flows due to higher consumption at home. Prime Minister Karim Massimov said he had given the energy and economy ministries one month to transfer the Urikhtau field to KMG for development in connection with the construction of the Beyneu-Bozoy-Samsonovka pipeline, which should start this year for completion in 2011. "The field is free and nobody can use it," Uzakbay Karabalin, KMG president, was quoted as saying by local reports.
|
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https://timesca.com/four-new-gas-processing-plants-to-be-commissioned-in-kazakhstan/
|
en
|
Four New Gas Processing Plants to be Commissioned in Kazakhstan
|
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[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Times of Central Asia"
] |
2024-07-18T11:28:47+00:00
|
Four new gas processing plants will be gradually operated in Kazakhstan until 2030. According to the Ministry of Energy forecasts, the volume of marketable
|
en
|
The Times Of Central Asia
|
https://timesca.com/four-new-gas-processing-plants-to-be-commissioned-in-kazakhstan/
|
Four new gas processing plants will be gradually operated in Kazakhstan until 2030. According to the Ministry of Energy forecasts, the volume of marketable gas production in Kazakhstan will steadily grow from 22.5 billion cubic meters in 2023 to 36.6 billion cubic meters by 2030.
To attract investment in the exploration and development of new gas fields, QazaqGaz and Chevron signed an agreement on joint implementation of geological exploration works at the Zhalibek area in the Aktobe region. The Road Map aims to increase the resource base of marketable gas. In 2023, the Rozhkovskoye, Urikhtau Vostochny, and Anabai fields, which have total recoverable gas reserves of 35.5 billion cubic meters, were put into commercial operation.
Four gas processing plants are planned for commissioning from 2026 to 2030: two at the Kashagan field with annual capacities of 1 and 2.5 billion cubic meters (Qatari investor UCC Holding was involved), one at the Karachaganak field with a capacity of 4 billion cubic meters per year, and KazGPZ in Zhanaozen with a capacity of 900 mln cubic meters per year.
|
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| 7
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https://en.trend.az/casia/kazakhstan/3832694.html
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en
|
Kazakhstan's KazMunayGas effects Eastern Urikhtau field
|
https://en.trend.az/imagen/3832694
|
https://en.trend.az/imagen/3832694
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"Iran's news",
"Turkey's news",
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2023-12-04T16:55:28+04:00
|
en
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http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/content/oil-gas
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Russian-American Business
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en
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http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/sites/default/files/flag-png-picture.png
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http://russianamericanbusiness.org/home/content/oil-gas
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The Russian oil and gas sector saw substantial growth in 2022, with a 40.1% increase, reaching a market value of $491,875.1 million. Despite challenges, including global sanctions due to geopolitical tensions, the sector is forecasted to grow further, reaching $556,902.4 million by 2027, marking a 13.2% increase since 2022.
In 2022, the market’s volume grew marginally by 0.5% to 4,353.5 million barrels of oil equivalent (BoE), with predictions indicating a rise to 4,546.7 million BoE by 2027, a 4.4% increase from 2022. Natural gas remains the dominant segment, representing 60.7% of the market’s total value, underscoring Russia’s significant role as a major player in the European oil and gas market with a 24.7% share.
On March 8, 2024, SOCAR, the Azerbaijani state-owned oil and gas company, and Tatneft, a leading Russian oil and gas entity, entered into a cooperation agreement in the petrochemical sector. This collaboration was formalized after discussions between SOCAR’s President Rovshan Najaf and Tatneft’s Head Nail Maganov, marking a significant step towards strengthening ties in the petrochemical industry between the two companies.
On February 28, 2024, SOCAR’s Rovshan Najaf and Gazprom’s Alexei Miller held discussions on enhancing cooperation in the gas sector, amidst ongoing contractual engagements with Gazprom Export.
In a significant shift on March 7, 2024, the Dörtyol oil terminal in Türkiye’s Hatay province announced its decision to stop accepting Russian crude oil imports. This move comes as a direct response to the tightening of U.S. sanctions against Russia following its invasion of Ukraine in early 2022. The Dörtyol terminal, previously known for its business with Iraqi crude, had seen an influx of Russian oil as Europe imposed restrictions and Russia sought alternative trade routes. In 2023, the terminal reported record levels of Russian crude passing through Türkiye to Europe, in direct contravention of EU sanctions. Global Terminal Services (GTS), which operates Dörtyol, stated that this cessation is an added precaution to ensure compliance with international sanctions, despite all previous operations fully adhering to them, including the G7’s price cap on transporting Russian oil.
On March 4, 2024, Ukrainian Prime Minister Denis Shmygal announced Ukraine’s willingness to continue the transit of Russian gas through its territory beyond 2024, conditional on requests from European countries. This statement underscores Ukraine’s role in the European energy landscape and its openness to facilitating gas supply despite ongoing tensions.
"If the European countries act as a consortium or one of the European partners will act as a transit country for their gas -- we are ready to provide such a service," Shmyhal told a press conference.
Ukraine can seal a deal on gas transit with the European Commission or a group of European countries that are interested in maintaining the transit, Shmyhal said.
He stressed that Ukraine will not extend the existing gas transit contract or sign a new contract with Russia.
On February 27, 2024, KazMunayGas (“KMG”), Kazakhstan’s national oil and gas company, detailed its full-year operational results for 2023. Under the leadership of Magzum Mirzagaliyev, Chairman of the Management Board, KMG successfully pursued its strategic initiatives, benefiting a wide range of stakeholders from shareholders and investors to employees, regional operations, and the country at large.
In 2023, KMG’s notable endeavors included the initiation of three new fields to boost gas production. May saw the start of the Aksai Yuzhny field, followed by the Vostochny Urikhtau field in early December, and the year concluded with the Rozhkovskoye field’s commencement. Additionally, in November, KMG finalized the acquisition of a 60% interest from French TotalEnergies in the Dunga oil and gas field in Mangistau region, contributing 547 thousand tons of oil production for the year, with KMG’s share amounting to 40 thousand tons since joining the project.
In a strategic move to stabilize domestic gasoline prices and meet the increased consumer and agricultural demand, Russia declared a six-month suspension of gasoline exports starting March 1, 2024. This decision, as reported by Reuters on February 27, 2024, aims to address the seasonal surge in fuel requirements, particularly during spring agricultural activities, refinery maintenance periods, and the summer holiday season.
Alexander Novak, Russia’s Deputy Prime Minister, confirmed the prohibition, which was officially sanctioned by Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin. This regulatory action was propelled by Novak’s insights on impending fuel demand challenges outlined in a proposal dated February 21, 2024. The ban is anticipated to mitigate domestic gasoline price volatility, a matter of significant concern for Russian motorists and the agricultural sector, especially leading up to the presidential election set for March 15–17, 2024.
On February 21, 2024, Gazprom announced the commissioning of new gas pipelines in various regions of Russia, marking significant progress in the nation’s gasification efforts. In the Novospassky district of the Ulyanovsk region, a 4.7 km gas distribution network was introduced, providing gas to 89 households in the villages of Samaykino and Fabrichnye Vyselki. Similarly, the village of Sidelnikovo in the Republic of Mari El celebrated the completion of its gasification, with a newly built pipeline under the Program for the Development of Gas Supply and Gasification of the Republic. Another noteworthy development was in the Leninsky district of Tomsk, where gas distribution networks spanning 4.9 km were launched to serve 132 households. These projects underscore Gazprom’s commitment to enhancing regional gas supply and infrastructure.
RussNeft achieved a significant increase in oil reserves in 2023, adding 8.3 million tons, primarily through its operations at the Tagrinskoye field. The company reported an impressive reserve replacement rate of 174%, producing 6.434 million tons of oil and 2.11 billion cubic meters of gas with a 96.6% APG utilization rate. New technological advancements have led to the commissioning of 69 oil wells and a notable increase in the overhaul period of the mechanized well stock to 834 days.
Since the end of February 2022, the Russian oil and gas industry has faced continuous pressure. While Europe initially expected the process of reducing dependence on Russian hydrocarbons to take several years, by mid-autumn it became clear that European countries had nearly eliminated their total reliance on Russian oil and gas. In a recent interview, Aleksey Belogoriev, Deputy Chief Director for Energy at the Institute of Energy and Finance (IEF), discussed how the oil and gas industry has developed since the start of Russia’s military operation in Ukraine and what to anticipate in the future.
According to the Center for Energy and Clean Air Research (CREA), Russia currently earns more than $551 million a day from the sale of oil and gas, despite attempts by the U.S., EU, and other countries to limit its revenue from fossil fuel exports.
However, CREA analysts predict that the ceiling of Russian oil prices may be lowered to $30 per barrel in the future, which could lead to a drop in Russia’s fossil fuel revenue to $340 million a day. Europe may also completely abandon LNG and pipeline oil supplies from Russia, further reducing its revenue.
Russia’s current fossil fuel revenues are only slightly below what the country was earning on average in May 2021, despite some countries boycotting Russian raw materials. The EU has banned maritime imports of Russian oil and oil products, but EU countries continue to import Russian oil and gas via pipeline or in the form of LNG.
The value of the Russian oil and gas market fell by 15.2 percent in 2019 due to a decline in oil and gas prices this year. This decrease marked the end of a period of double-digit growth recorded in 2017 and 2018. A sharper decline is expected in 2020, amid weaker demand and a sharp decline in oil prices. For the rest of the next five years, the market is expected to return to double-digit growth rates, as oil and gas prices are expected to pick up again after 2020, in line with the recovery in demand and a reduced supply.
The mean price of Brent, WTI, and Dubai crude oil fell by an average of 10.2 percent in 2019. Specifically, the price of Brent international benchmark crude oil in 2019 was USD64 per barrel, almost USD7 per barrel below the 2018 average. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) U.S. crude averaged USD57 per barrel in 2019, almost USD8 lower than in 2018, while the price of Dubai crude oil averaged USD63.2, USD6 lower than in 2018.
A new gas deposit was discovered at the Leningradskoye field of the Yamal gas production center, Gazprom said on October 8, 2020.
As a result of drilling and testing of an exploratory well, commercial gas inflow of approximately 600,000 cubic meters per day has been achieved. This proves that the new deposit contains considerable volumes of gas. The commercial value of the field is therefore much higher today than in the past.
This is the fourth major discovery made by Gazprom in the past two years on the Yamal Peninsula shelf in the Kara Sea.
The company will calculate the newly discovered reserves of the Leningrad Field and submit the results to the State Reserves Commission for registration in the State Register.
A working meeting between Alexei Miller, chairman of the Gazprom Management Committee, and Vagit Alekperov, president of Lukoil, took place in St. Petersburg on October 1, 2020.
The parties discussed current issues of cooperation, including further steps to prepare the development of the Vaneyvisskoye and Layavozhskoye fields.
Gazprom and Lukoil are bound by the General Agreement on Strategic Partnership from 2014 to 2024, under which Lukoil supplies gas to Gazprom’s gas transmission system.
In 2018, Gazprom and Lukoil signed an agreement setting out the parties’ intention to jointly develop the Vaneyvisskoye and Layavozhskoye fields in the Nenets autonomous district.
PetroNeft, an oil and gas exploration company operating in Russia’s Tomsk region, has announced the successful test of a mini-oil refinery ahead of the projected timeline. The company owns and operates 50 percent of licenses 61 and 67 in the region. The successful test of a mini-refinery processing unit took place on license area 61, with regulatory approval expected by the first quarter of 2021. The project significantly reduces operating costs.
In January 2020, the company started the construction of a mini-oil processing plant on license area 61 to obviate having to purchase significant quantities of diesel fuel needed for machinery and power generation in production facilities, especially in the winter months. The project will reduce operational costs by more than USD600,000 by 2021. It will also further improve the profitability of the company by allowing the sale of surplus products on the local market at a significant premium to unrefined barrels.
On October 8, 2020, HMS Group, the leading manufacturer of pumping, oil and gas equipment, compressors and flow control solutions, and related systems in Russia and the C.I.S., announced its financial results for the six months ending June 30, 2020.
Financial highlights for first six months of 2020
• Turnover: 19.5 billion rubles (minus 17 percent against previous year);
• EBITDA: 2.1 billion rubles (plus eight percent against previous year), EBITDA margin at 10.8 percent;
• Operating profit: 524 million rubles (minus 13 percent);
• Loss for the period: 314 million rubles;
• Total debt: 22.8 billion rubles (plus 14 percent against previous year);
• Net debt: 16.2 billion rubles (plus 4.0 percent against previous year);
• Net debt to EBITDA LTM (most recently completed 12-month period): 3.25x.
On October 6, 2020, Volga Gas plc, the oil and gas exploration and production company operating in the Volga region of Russia, announced the potentially significant discovery of a new oilfield as part of its ongoing exploration drilling program.
As announced on August 14, 2020 and published in the interim report of September 30, 2020, the Group is conducting a program to drill six exploration wells within its Karpenskiy License Area in structures separate from its existing oil reserves in the Uzen Field.
The presence of oil has been detected in a Triassic sandstone formation in a well in the north of the Uzen field.
Transneft, the world’s largest oil pipeline company, published consolidated IFRS interim results for the second quarter of 2020 and the first half of the year on its official website for investors and shareholders on October 2, 2020.
A particular feature of the first half of 2020 was the combination of strong results in the first quarter of 2020 and a significant reduction in key operational and financial indicators in the second quarter of 2020 due to a significant decrease in Russian oil production and, therefore, in the transport volume through the Transneft system under the OPEC+ agreement of May 1, 2020.
Crude oil shipments declined by 7.1 million tons, or six percent year-on-year, and by 11.2 million tons, or nine percent year-on-year, to 109.0 million tons in the second quarter of 2020.
The Tatneft Group produced 2,104 thousand tons of crude oil in September, and the production volume since the beginning of the year amounted to 19,548 thousand tons, which was 2,803.7 thousand tons less than in the same period of 2019.
Tatneft’s production in September amounted to 2,078 thousand tons of crude oil, and the company’s production since the beginning of the year amounted to 19,307 thousand tons (a decrease of 2,799 thousand tons compared to the corresponding period of 2019). Tatneft’s production from license areas outside Tatarstan amounted to 25,000 tons in September and since the beginning of the year to 240.7 thousand tons, a decrease of 4.05 thousand tons compared to the corresponding production volume in 2019. The production volume of high-viscosity oil in September was 284.9 thousand tons and since the beginning of the year 2,468 thousand tons, which is 501.1 thousand tons more than the volume for the corresponding period of 2019.
The Omsk oil refinery of Gazpromneft in Siberia, Russia, has significantly reduced its air emissions through the use of BELCO wet washing technology licensed from DuPont Clean Technologies, the Russian company announced on October 1, 2020. With an installed capacity of 22.23 million tons of oil per year, the Omsk oil refinery is one of Russia’s leading refineries.
The BELCO wet scrubbing technology was installed in Omsk during the conversion of the Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU). It efficiently removes contaminants from the exhaust gases emitted by the FCCU, thereby reducing air emissions well below the detection limit.
On September 23, 2020, Lukoil shared its successful experience in integrating digital technologies into hydrocarbon production with Russian experts and businessmen at the 11th Tyumen Oil and Gas Forum. The project to digitize the company’s production offers integrated field models that enable the management of oil and gas facilities to be optimized. These digital models contribute to the efficient production of hydrocarbons in the fields of the Bolshevik basin (Yamal-Nenets autonomous district) and the Yuzhno-Yagunskoye field (Khanty-Mansi autonomous district, Yugra), where an integrated operations center has been established. Similar centers are being built at the production facilities of Povkhneftegaz and Pokachevneftegaz in Western Siberia.
In September 2020, Salym Petroleum Development drilled its 1,500th well since the Salym Group began exploring oilfields in 2003. The anniversary well is 2,493 meters deep and has an S-shaped profile. It was drilled in an area of the upper Salym field developed as part of the South Hub project. Sibirskaya Servisnaya Kompaniya (SSK), one of the drilling companies of the SPD group, carried out the drilling.
Shale gas production is expected to continue in just a few countries around the world besides the United States.
On November 19, 2019, the Gazprom board of directors took note of the information regarding the growth prospects of the shale gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry across the world, as well as the opportunities and the threats facing the company.
It was highlighted that the share of the United States in the global shale gas production exceeded 95 percent in 2018. According to current forecasts, the U.S. will remain the main producer of shale gas for the long term.
It is expected that shale gas production outside of North America will not have a significant impact on the global gas market configuration and Gazprom’s future export activities, as far out as 2030.
Rosneft’s nine-month net income jumped by 25 percent year-on-year to RUB550 billion, including a quarter-on-quarter increase to RUB225 billion in the third quarter of 2019.
In the third quarter of 2019, the EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) increased by 7.6 percent quarter-on-quarter to RUB554 billion with a margin improvement to 24.4 percent. In the third quarter, FCF (free cash flow) more than doubled quarter-on-quarter to RUB281 billion. Financial debt and trading liabilities decreased by RUB820 billion since the year’s beginning.
Q3 & 9M 2019 IFRS results
Novatek announces consolidated IFRS results for Q3 and 9M 2019.
In the third quarter of 2019, Novatek’s total revenues and its normalized EBITDA, including the company’s share in the EBITDA of its joint ventures, amounted to RUB189.2 billion and RUB104.5 billion, respectively, representing decreases of 13.8 percent and 11.5 percent as compared to the prior year’s corresponding period. The decreases were primarily due to lower hydrocarbons sales prices on international markets in 2019, which were largely offset by an increase in the company’s natural gas sales volumes due to the production launch at the second and third LNG trains at Yamal LNG in July and November 2018, respectively.
Gazprom posts IFRS net profit of RUB1.10 trillion in 9M 2019.
On November 29, 2019, PJSC Gazprom issued its unaudited consolidated interim condensed financial information prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34 Interim Financial Reporting (IAS 34) for the nine months ended on September 30, 2019.
Sales (net of excise tax, VAT, and customs duties) decreased by RUB203,252 million, or three percent, to RUB5,698,339 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to the corresponding period of the prior year. The decrease in sales was mainly due to a change in volumes sold and a change in average prices.
The U.S. Secretary of Energy and former Texas Governor Rick Perry told reporters at the CERAWeek Energy Conference (hosted by IHS Markit), which was held in Houston from March 11 to 15, that the United States does not rule out introducing new sanctions against Russia and other countries supporting the Maduro government in Venezuela.
In answering a question from a TASS reporter, Rick Perry first spoke fondly of his time in Russia and praised Smoke BBQ restaurant in St. Petersburg, which he visited on his prior trip. In what amounted to an advertisement of the Russian restaurant, the Energy Secretary said that the barbecue at Smoke BBQ was simply superb, suggesting that the owners must have traveled to Texas to learn how to make real barbecue.
Gazprom held its 14th annual Investor Day in Hong Kong (February 26) and Singapore (February 28).
Taking part in the events were Andrey Kruglov, deputy chairman of Gazprom’s management committee, Oleg Aksyutin, member of the management committee and department head at Gazprom, Elena Burmistrova, director general of Gazprom Export, and representatives of the company’s relevant subdivisions and its subsidiaries Gazprom Neft and Gazprom Energoholding.
The events were once again attended by representatives of the world’s leading investment funds and banks, as well as credit organizations from the Asia-Pacific region, continental Europe, the U.K., the U.S., and Russia, including analysts from Bank of America Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, Sova Capital Limited, and Gazprombank.
The livestream of the Investor Day was also available on the internet.
On February 27, 2019, Alexey Miller, chairman of Gazprom’s management committee, and Dmitry Rogozin, director general of State Space Corporation Roscosmos, held a joint meeting in Moscow on the prospects for further cooperation. The event was attended by heads of the relevant subdivisions and subsidiaries of the company and the state corporation. The cooperation between Gazprom and Roscosmos is strategic in nature. Specifically, Russia’s Unified Gas Supply System operates with the use of about 500 gas compressor units developed by RPA Iskra (part of Roscosmos).
Rosneft Deutschland GmbH, a Rosneft subsidiary, started direct marketing operations in order to increase the company’s efficiency. The company markets all refined products produced by Rosneft Deutschland at three refineries in Germany. The products range includes gasoline, diesel, heating oil, jet fuel, LPG, bitumen, fuel oil, and petrochemical products.
Rosneft Deutschland markets oil products not only from the three refineries directly, but also from more than 30 lifting locations throughout Germany via road, rail, and barge. Rosneft Deutschland has an established client base of more than 500 customers in Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Switzerland, Austria, and France.
In 2018, RN-Bunker, a subsidiary of Rosneft Oil Company, increased its bunker oil sales by 10 percent year-on-year to 3.2 million tons.
The increase in the bunker oil sales volumes was due to the company’s efficient operations, customer service expansion, and cooperation development with major foreign and Russian consumers, including those in the Far East ports.
Furthermore, in 2018, RN-Bunker managed to increase its bunkering volume in ports of Kaliningrad (2.6x) and the Caucasus (almost 1.5x). In addition, last year long-term contracts were signed with key domestic consumers, such as Rosmorport, Russian Fishery Company, and Morspassluzhba.
The Fifth OPEC and non-OPEC Ministerial Meeting was held in Vienna, Austria, on December 7, 2018, under the co-chairmanship of OPEC’s President, HE Suhail Mohamed Al Mazrouei, Minister of Energy and Industry of the United Arab Emirates and head of its delegation, and Alexander Novak, Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation.
The meeting recalled the rights of the peoples and nations to permanent sovereignty over their natural wealth and resources.
Lukoil announced the results of the reserves assessment and independent audit as of December 31, 2018.
According to the SEC classification, the company’s proven hydrocarbon reserves totaled 15.9 billion barrels of oil equivalent, 76 percent of which stood for liquids. The proven reserves replacement ratio for liquids totaled 101 percent. In Russia, the main region of Lukoil’s operations, the replacement ratio reached 127 percent. The company’s proven hydrocarbon reserves life is 19 years.
As a result of geological exploration and production drilling conducted in 2018, Lukoil added 576 million barrels of oil equivalent to proven reserves with the largest contribution from production drilling in West Siberia and Timan-Pechora.
In 2018, NOVATEK’s total revenues amounted to RUB831.8 billion and the normalized EBITDA, including the share in the EBITDA of the entity’s joint ventures, totaled RUB415.3 billion, representing year-on-year increases of 42.6 percent and 61.9 percent, respectively. The increases in total revenues and the normalized EBITDA were largely due to a production launch at the first three LNG trains at Yamal LNG and a favorable macro-economic environment with increases in average realized liquids and natural gas prices.
On April 30, 2018, the deep-water pipelay for the first line of the TurkStream offshore gas pipeline has been completed off Turkey’s Black Sea coast.
The average rate of the deep-water pipelay carried out by the pipelaying vessel Pioneering Spirit was 4.3 kilometers per day. The maximum pipelaying rate of 5.6 kilometers per day was reached two times in February 2018.
In accordance with the schedule, the project is being simultaneously implemented onshore in Russia and Turkey and in the Black Sea. The receiving terminal is being constructed near the settlement of Kiyikoy, Turkey. Upon the completion of the landfall sections, work on the first line will be completed. Following the schedule, Pioneering Spirit will continue the deep-water pipelay of line two in the third quarter of 2018.
On May 31, 2018, Gazprom’s management committee completed the review of operating results of the company’s subsidiaries over the period of months spanning the fall of 2017 and the winter of 2018, finalizing the discussion of measures to be taken to ensure uninterrupted gas supplies to consumers during the upcoming winter.
The committee noted that in the past winter Gazprom provided reliable gas deliveries to consumers in Russia and abroad.
Gazprom supplied gas to domestic consumers without restrictions. Particular attention was paid to gas deliveries for socially significant facilities, public utility enterprises, and the general population.
From October 2017 through March 2018, gas demand showed considerable growth in Europe and in Turkey. Overall gas supplies rose by 3.8 percent compared to the previous fall/winter season, reaching 107.4 billion cubic meters.
On June 5, 2018, the chairman of Gazprom’s management committee Alexey Miller and the chairman of OMV’s executive board Rainer Seele signed an agreement to extend until 2040 the existing contract between Gazprom Export and OMV Gas Marketing & Trading GmbH for Russian gas supplies to Austria. The original contract was valid until 2028.
Russia’s President Vladimir Putin and Austria’s Federal Chancellor Sebastian Kurz attended the signing as part of celebrations marking 50 years of supplies of Russian gas to Austria.
“The Agreement signed today is yet another testament to the growing need for gas imports both in Austria and in Europe in general – the need that Gazprom is ready to satisfy. By implementing the construction project for the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline, we will make gas deliveries even more reliable for the benefit of consumers,” Alexey Miller said.
The chairman of Gazprom’s management committee Alexey Miller and the chairman of the board of executive directors of BASF Martin Brudermueller had a working meeting in St. Petersburg on May 28, 2018. The meeting covered a broad range of issues related to the companies’ cooperation, including joint projects for hydrocarbon development in Russia.
Alexey Miller and Martin Brudermueller discussed the Nord Stream gas pipeline that has been brought into operation. It was noted that the pipeline provided reliable supplies of Russian gas to thousands of companies and millions of households across Europe every day. The parties also addressed the implementation of the Nord Stream 2 project.
BASF is a leader in the global chemical industry. The company’s portfolio includes oil and gas, chemicals, synthetics, and petroleum derivatives.
On May 26, 2018, Gazprom and the government of Turkey signed a protocol for the construction of the onshore section of the TurkStream gas pipeline. The pipeline will deliver Russian gas to European consumers. As a follow-up to the protocol, Gazprom and Botas inked an agreement detailing the terms and conditions of the construction work. TurkAkim Gaz Tasima A.S., a joint venture that will be established on equal terms, will build the onshore section.
In addition, Gazprom Export and Botas signed documents to settle out of court the ongoing arbitration dispute on the contract terms of Russia’s gas supplies to Turkey. The arbitration will be resolved shortly.
A working meeting between the chairman of Gazprom’s management committee Alexey Miller and the CEO of Edison and executive vice president of the EDF Group Marc Benayoun took place on May 25, 2018 at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum.
The parties addressed the ongoing interaction in the energy sector, in particular the implementation of the two sides’ cooperation agreement and the status of the TurkStream and the Poseidon projects.
Edison is a part of the EDF Group. Its core businesses include the procurement, production, and sale of electricity, the provision of energy and environmental services, as well as exploration and production.
On May 25, 2018, director general of Gazprom Energoholding Denis Fyodorov and the chief financial officer of Siemens Alexander Liberov signed a strategic cooperation agreement. The agreement sets out the main directions and principles of cooperation in the field of technological upgrades of Gazprom Energoholding’s generating facilities with the use of Siemens-manufactured innovative electrical equipment. Specifically, one of the priority areas of joint work is the introduction of vacuum generator switches and high-tech components in the construction and upgrading of power units.
Siemens plans to set up its manufacturing facilities to make that equipment in Russia and bring the local content of its finished products to at least 50 percent by 2020, with an option for a phased increase to 75 percent by 2022.
On April 26, 2018, Gazprom published its audited consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for the year that ended on December 31, 2017.
Total sales (net of excise tax, VAT, and customs duties) increased by RUB435,092 million, or seven percent, to RUB6,546,143 million for the year that ended on December 31, 2017 compared to the year that ended on December 31, 2016. The increase in sales was mainly driven by an increase in sales of refined products and crude oil.
On April 12, 2018, Gazprom’s management committee endorsed the proposal to convene the company’s annual general shareholders meeting in St. Petersburg. In addition, the management committee approved the proposals on the format and the content of voting ballots and the wording of decisions on the meeting’s agenda.
The management committee submitted to the Gazprom’s board of directors the company’s annual accounting statements for 2017 compiled in accordance with the Russian law, as well as the drafts of the shareholders’ meeting agenda and the distribution sheet allocating Gazprom’s profit based on the 2017 operating results.
On May 14, 2018, Rosneft released its first quarter results for 2018. The company’s average daily hydrocarbon production stood at 5.71 million barrels of oil equivalent (mmboe), which is a figure close to the level observed in the first quarter of 2017. Liquids production increased 0.3 percent quarter-on-quarter. Gas production in the reporting period amounted to 16.9 billion cubic meters (bcm). The company also managed to achieve refining quality improvement with the light products yield reaching 58.8 percent and the refining depth increasing to 75.4 percent.
Upstream
Hydrocarbon production at Rosneft reached 5.71 mmboed in the first quarter of 2018, remaining close to the level observed in the fourth quarter of 2017.
On May 1, 2018, Rosneft’s board of directors approved additional provisions to Rosneft-2022 strategy that followed the annual address of Russia’s President Vladimir Putin to the Federal Assembly.
As previously announced, the key strategic focus of Rosneft-2022 is to increase the company’s profitability and the oil major’s returns on existing assets. The company’s portfolio is comprised of high-yield investments having the primary objectives of ensuring delivery on time and on budget. Rosneft’s other initiatives include employee development programs, educational and social projects, regional development programs, as well as accelerated technological advancement.
On May 25, 2018, during the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, Rosneft and Bashneftegeofizika signed an agreement for working together in developing high-tech LWD (logging while drilling) equipment for horizontal well drilling, as well as equipment for pay zone well testing in the exploration drilling of oil and gas wells.
The volume and complexity of the construction of horizontal wells at Rosneft’s fields in recent years has been constantly increasing. The share of horizontal wells in the overall number of the wells drilled increased to 36 percent in 2017. The number of new horizontal wells with multistage hydraulic fracturing increased by 67 percent. For instance, in the first quarter of 2018, the number of new horizontal wells with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing that were put into operation increased by more than 65 percent compared to the first quarter of 2017.
Bashneft International B.V., a Rosneft subsidiary, has discovered a new oilfield named Salman, following the drilling of the first exploration well in Block 12 in Iraq, the oil major announced on May 23, 2018.
The exploration well was successfully drilled to the depth of 4,277 meters, resulting in an oil flow that makes reserves apparent.
The company considers this discovery an important landmark in upstream projects abroad.
Block 12 is located in southwest Iraq, in an unexplored area of the Arabian Plate, approximately 80 km to the south of the city of As-Samawah and 130 km to the west of the city of Nasiriyah. It has an area of 7,680 sq. km. Bashneft International B.V. is an operator of the project.
Rosneft has opened an international research and development (R&D) center in Qatar, which will become a full-scale representative office of the company. The new office will perform scientific and technical activities, as well as promote the company’s business in the region.
The research and development center will be located at the Qatar Science and Technology Park (QSTP), which is a part of the Qatar Foundation (QF).
QSTP is one of the world’s leading science incubators that provides a unique economic environment for enterprises engaged in the development and the implementation of new technologies, including those in the energy sector.
On May 28, 2018, Lukoil released its condensed interim consolidated financial statements for the three-month period that ended on March 31, 2018 prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
In the first quarter of 2018 the company’s sales were RUB1,630.7 billion, 13.9 percent higher year-on-year, mainly as a result of higher hydrocarbon prices. Lower refined products trading volumes, inventory build-up and a stronger ruble negatively impacted sales dynamics. The company’s sales decreased by 1.9 percent quarter-on-quarter as a consequence of lower oil trading volumes.
EBITDA
On April 27, 2018, Lukoil announced that the company completed the installation of a wellhead platform’s topside at the Yury Korchagin field. The Korchagin field, which is now in phase two of its development, lies within the Russian sector of the Caspian Sea.
The wellhead platform is a satellite platform designed to drill wells in the eastern part of the field. Drilling at phase two sites is expected to start by the summer months.
Apart from hosting processing equipment, the platform is equipped with safety systems, living personnel quarters, and a helideck. As most of the operations are automated, only eight workspaces are designed for the temporary stay of the personnel.
The oil and gas produced will be transported to the host platform through subsea pipelines and treated for delivery onshore.
Lukoil’s cumulative production of oil in Russia exceeded two billion tons, the company reported on February 1, 2018. The company’s Russian projects produced jointly no less than 80 million tons of oil annually in the past 14 years.
The first billion tons of oil was produced by Lukoil in 2006, fifteen years after the company was established. The milestone of two billion tons was reached eleven years later.
The uptick in production can be attributed to the recent commissioning of major oilfields, including the Vladimir Filanovsky field in the Caspian Sea, the Pyakyakhinskoye field on the Yamal Peninsula, and the Imilorskoye field in Western Siberia. New technologies have made it possible to increase significantly the production of hard-to-extract hydrocarbons, for instance the super-viscous oil at the Yarega field within the Komi republic.
On February 16, 2018, Lukoil announced the results of the company’s oil and gas reserves assessment done as part of an independent audit. According to the SEC (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission) standards, the company’s proved hydrocarbon reserves as of December 31, 2017 totaled 16.0 billion barrels of oil equivalent, 75 percent of which were oil reserves. The company’s proved reserves life is 19 years.
On May 18, 2018, the board of directors of Novatek resolved to create a transportation subsidiary called Maritime Arctic Transport LLC to manage and optimize transportation costs, build up Arctic navigation skills, and provide for centralized management of the company’s Arctic fleet.
Novatek’s management board chairman Leonid Mikhelson said, “Novatek’s long-term development strategy envisages a significant growth in LNG production from the company’s vast hydrocarbon resource base located on the Yamal and the Gydan peninsulas in the Arctic zone of more than 55 million tons per annum by 2030. Therefore, establishing an efficient Northern Sea Route shipping model is one of the company’s key priorities to realize the long-term strategy. Creating the company’s own shipping company fully supports this goal and will optimize transportation cost and ensure a well-balanced, centralized management structure to improve the competitiveness of Novatek’s Arctic projects.”
On May 24, 2018, Novatek’s management board chairman Leonid Mikhelson and Total’s chairman and chief executive officer Patrick Pouyannе signed a binding agreement for working together on the Arctic LNG 2 project.
The agreement provides for Total’s acquisition of a 10-percent participation interest in the project, together with a five-percent option that may be exercised in case Novatek decides to decrease its participation interest below 60 percent. The project’s value has been estimated at 25.5 billion dollars.
On March 27, 2018, Novatek announced that Novatek Gas and Power Asia Pte. Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of the company, shipped its first cargo of LNG produced by the Yamal LNG project to the Indian market.
Novatek’s first deputy chairman of the management board Lev Feodosyev said, “One of the company’s core priorities enumerated in the company’s corporate strategy 2030 is the expansion of the supply geography and the growth of the company’s presence in key Asian markets. The first cargo delivered to the growing Indian market is an important development step in this direction.”
On April 25, 2018, Novatek released its consolidated interim condensed financial statements for the three months that ended on March 31, 2018 prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
In the first quarter of 2018, the company’s total revenues amounted to RUB179.4 billion and its normalized EBITDA, including the company’s share in the EBITDA of the joint ventures, totaled RUB76.3 billion. These figures represented year-on-year increases of 16.0 percent and 11.9 percent, respectively. The increases in the company’s total revenues and the normalized EBITDA were largely due to the launch of production at the first LNG train at Yamal LNG at the end of 2017 and an increase in the average realized liquids and natural gas prices.
On June 1, 2018, Transneft released consolidated interim condensed financial statements prepared according to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for the three months that ended on March 31, 2018. Crude oil delivery for the three months that ended on March 31, 2018 amounted to 116.5 million tons, 1.2 million tons or 1.0 percent down year-on-year. Oil freight turnover decreased by 1.8 billion ton-km or by 0.6 percent.
Petroleum products deliveries for the three months that ended on March 31, 2018 came to 9.9 million tons. The growth year-on-year amounted to 1.8 million tons, or 22.2 percent.
Transneft’s revenue grew by RUB6.2 billion, or 2.8 percent, mainly due to higher revenues from oil transportation, exports, and other earnings.
On May 29, 2018, Tatneft’s management, headed by the company’s general director Nail Maganov held a meeting with institutional investors in Kazan. Investors were represented by managers and analysts of large investment companies from the U.S., Great Britain, Germany, Sweden, and Singapore. Investment bank Goldman Sachs organized the group’s visit to Tatarstan.
During the meeting, which was held in an open discussion format, the participants talked about the company’s operational and financial results, its production and investment plans, its dividend policy, as well as other issues.
On April 5, 2018, Transneft announced that it commissioned the Volgograd Refinery – Tinguta – Tikhoretsk – Novorossiysk petroleum products trunk pipelines (PPTPs), a part of the company’s Yug project.
The implementation of the Yug project entails creating an infrastructure suitable for both pipeline transportation of diesel fuel in the direction of Novorossiysk, a Russian port, and for exporting up to six million tons of crude oil per year from Russia’s Black Sea coast to European countries. The commissioning of the Yug project’s PPTPs was preceded by successful system tests at peak oil pumping modes using an agent, with a number of technical measures taken during the trial.
On May 8, 2018, Tatneft published its unaudited consolidated interim condensed financial statements for the three months that ended March 31, 2018, prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) and a related financial analysis done by company management (“MD&A”).
In the first quarter of 2018, Tatneft produced 7.1 million tons, or 50.6 million barrels (MMbbl) of crude oil and 223.3 million cubic meters of gas. The TANECO refinery’s output in the first quarter of 2018 was 2.2 million tons of refined products.
The company said that the gas produced will be exported in the form of liquefied natural gas.
Rosneft plans to carry on production at two fields offshore Venezuela for 15 years, averaging at 6.5 billion cubic meters of gas per year. The gas produced will be exported in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG), the Russian oil company reported on December 17.
According to the company’s statement, Venezuelan authorities gave a Rosneft subsidiary, a license to develop the offshore fields of Patan and Mejillones for 30 years.
According to the license, Groupo Rosneft will be the project operator and will be able to export all the volumes produced, in the form of LNG among other options. The gas reserves in place for the two fields are 180 billion cubic meters. The targeted production level is 6.5 billion cubic meters of gas per year for 15 years,” the company stated.
At the same time, Ministry of Economic Development predicts a gradual decline in oil prices in 2018.
The average price of the Urals-brand crude oil totaled 52.17 dollars per barrel from January to November 2017, according to a report by the Russian Ministry of Finance published on December 1.
In the corresponding period of the previous year, the average price of a barrel of the Urals-brand crude oil stood at 41.02 dollar. As such, on an annualized basis, for the first 11 months of the current year, the increase in the average price of the Urals oil was 27.2 percent.
The average price of the Urals-brand oil in November 2017 was 61.97 dollars per barrel, which is 1.41 times higher than a year earlier.
The chairman of Gazprom’s board of directors Viktor Zubkov said that the concern relies on companies from the defense industry.
Gazprom relies on the Russian defense industry to develop technologies and equipment for offshore operations, the chairman of Gazprom’s board of directors Viktor Zubkov said while taking part in launching the Leaders of Russia competition in Rostov-on-Don on December 11, 2017.
“We did not have all of these technologies [for gas production at sea]. Now, through the association of Russian companies that are developing equipment for Gazprom and with the involvement of defense sector companies, we are creating these technologies. We need to get all the thinking, all research, all development knowhow to produce on deep shelves,” Zubkov said.
Processing volumes in the reporting period will stand at 39.7 million tons.
By the end of 2017, Gazprom Neft plans to increase the production of hydrocarbons some 4.2 percent relative to the previous year. Volumes are expected to go up to 89.8 million tons of oil equivalent, the company said on December 25, 2017.
“In 2017, the volume of hydrocarbon production of Gazprom Neft will be 89.8 million tons of oil equivalent, which is 4.2 percent higher than the volume of production registered in 2016. The annual volume of processing according to preliminary estimates is expected to reach 39.7 million tons,” the company’s statement said.
The development of new large-scale projects in the Arctic region, such as the Novoportovskoye, the East Messoyakhskoye, and the Prirazlomnoye fields have made the largest contribution to increasing hydrocarbon production in 2017.
From January 1 to August 15, 2017, Gazprom’s gas supplies to the countries that will be serviced by the future Turkish Stream pipeline rose up markedly. In particular, Russian gas supplies to Turkey, Southern, and Southeastern Europe increased against the corresponding period of 2016 as follows: exports to Turkey increased by 22.4 percent, to Greece by 13.2 percent, to Serbia by 40.8 percent, to Bulgaria by 11.1 percent, and to Hungary by 24.4 percent.
The volume of Russian gas exports to foreign countries increased from January 1 to August 15, 2017 by 12.7 billion cubic meters, or 12 percent, relative to the corresponding period of the prior year, up to 118.3 billion cubic meters (4.17 tcf).
The U.S.-based oil giant ExxonMobil has challenged the decision of the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the U.S. Treasury Department that imposed a fine on the company for violating the sanctions against Russia, the company said in a statement on July 20, 2017.
The U.S. Department of the Treasury fined ExxonMobil a total of two million dollars for violating anti-Russian sanctions related to Ukraine. OFAC’s statement said that the company was punished for signing eight documents in May 2014 with the president of Rosneft Igor Sechin, who had been included on the American sanctions list. The divisions of the U.S. company involved in the deals with Rosneft are ExxonMobil Development Co. and ExxonMobil Oil Corp.
The U.S. State Department later said that the former head of ExxonMobil and the U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson did not participate in the Treasury Department’s imposition of penalties against the company.
In August 2017, Russia maintained the leading position in world oil production, producing on average 10.608 million barrels of oil per day, Rosstat data released on October 23, 2017 demonstrate. Russia’s daily production stood ahead of Saudi Arabia’s output for the sixth month in a row. Saudi Arabia’s extraction volume in August was in the second place, with 10.022 million barrels of oil per day.
In the reporting period, the OPEC countries produced 32.755 million barrels a day on average. Iraq’s production stood at 4.448 million barrels. Experts believe that Saudi oil exports will continue decreasing because the country’s crude stockpiles are being drawn down.
The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) has called on shale oil producing companies in the U.S. to join the agreement on reducing production. The OPEC’s Secretary General Muhammad Barkindo made the request in a speech at the CERAWeek conference in New Delhi on September 26, 2017. He has called on producers in the U.S. “to show responsibility” and not to allow for the collapse of the price of oil.
“We urge our friends in the shale basins of North America to take this shared responsibility with all seriousness it deserves, as one of the key lessons learned from the current unique supply-driven cycle,” Secretary General Barkindo said at the conference.
He explained that the need to decrease production comes as a result of the market’s oversaturation. In Mr. Barkindo’s words, the oil supply hasn’t reached a balance in the nine months that the Russia-OPEC agreement has been in effect.
In the timeframe from January 1 to July 15, 2017, Gazprom increased gas production by 18.8 percent against the corresponding period of the previous year. The company extracted 248.8 billion cubic meters of gas (8.7 tcf), which is 39.3 billion cubic meters (1.3 tcf) more than the figure reported last year, the gas company’s July 17, 2017 press release said.
Over the reporting period, exports of Russia’s gas to foreign countries increased by 11.3 billion cubic meters (0.4 tcf), or 12.3 percent year-on-year. Deliveries to the countries of Northwest and Central Europe have increased overall. In particular, supplies to Germany rose by 16.7 percent, to Austria by 77.2 percent, to the Czech Republic by 24.8 percent, and to Slovakia by 25.8 percent.
According to Rosneft’s published materials, the company’s program until the year 2022 entails drilling ten search wells and undertaking exploratory works at license areas in the Far East and on the East Arctic shelf. Rosneft’s total spending for exploration and production in the region are anticipated to reach RUB140 billion (USD2.37 billion) in the planning period, the company’s materials released September 8, 2017 suggest.
In the beginning of April, Rosneft started drilling a well at the northernmost Central Olginskaya-1 offshore field in the Khatanga license area in the East Arctic.
Rosneft intends to speed up exploratory drilling on the Arctic shelf, drilling four search wells in the Laptev Sea, and eight wells in the Karsky and the Barents seas. Rosneft now has 28 license areas on the Arctic shelf with total resources of 34 billion tons of oil equivalent. Rosneft’s share comprises 78 percent of total licensed areas in the Arctic.
Authorities in the U.S. are ready to prohibit the transfer of actual control over the Citgo oil refining company to Russia’s Rosneft, The Wall Street Journal reported on September 1, 2017. According to The Wall Street Journal, the White House stands ready to block the transaction for Rosneft’s receiving control over Citgo, which is the U.S.-based subsidiary of Venezuela’s state oil and gas company PDVSA. Moreover, some U.S. officials think that the report of Rosneft’s receiving a controlling stake in the company is likely to engender adverse legal consequences for Citgo.
While the U.S. implemented restrictive measures targeting Russia in connection with the situation in Ukraine, it did not absolutely prohibit American companies from participating in all unconventional projects.
Unconventional reserves include hard-to-extract resources that typically necessitate such techniques as hydraulic fracturing. In the years past, Russian oil companies looked to Western firms to supply the technology for effectively recovering unconventionals.
Despite the sanctions, the Norwegian multinational oil and gas company Statoil still develops Russian unconventional reserves. BP is also looking to undertake a similar project. The reason that the Western companies’ participation in Russia’s unconventional plays is not in breach of U.S. sanctions is that those Southeast Russian sites constitute limestone formations.
Rosneft predicts very low oil prices of USD40 to USD43 per barrel in 2018. Shale oil producers and also U.S. financial markets are likely to exert an impact on oil prices.
“One of the most essential factors, along with the active work of shale oil producers, is the great influence of U.S. financial markets on oil prices. The devaluation of the dollar is now at about 20 percent. To use the corresponding coefficients, the true price of oil is about USD40 per barrel,” Rosneft’s CEO Igor Sechin summed up on September 11, 2017.
At the beginning of 2015, the price of Brent crude oil fell to USD40 per barrel. This year, the lowest price of oil was USD44.3 per barrel, and the maximum price has been recorded at the beginning of this year at USD58.37 per barrel.
During the 9th BRICS Summit in China, Rosgeo and South Africa’s PetroSA agreed to work together on shelf projects, the Russian geological company announced on September 4, 2017.
In particular, the contract provides for exploration and development of blocks 9 and 11A of the southern continental shelf off the coast of South Africa. The agreement envisions a considerable exploratory phase. Three-dimensional seismic prospecting will cover more than 4,000 square kilometers, while gravity-magnetic prospecting will span over 13,000 kilometers. Rosgeo will also drill exploratory wells. The estimated volume of investment is about USD400 million.
Reserves in the region have been estimated at over 50 million tons of oil and over 400 billion cubic meters (14 tcf) of gas. Expected gas resources can reach as much as 1.2 trillion cubic meters (42.3 tcf).
The U.S. would not be able to replace Russia’s gas supplies to Europe, the Permanent Representative of Russia to the E.U. Vladimir Chizhov said on August 17, 2017. “Even if the U.S. delivered the liquefied gas (LNG) to Europe free of charge, they just wouldn’t have a chance to replace Russia’s deliveries,” Ambassador Chizhov elaborated.
The Permanent Representative named three reasons for why the U.S. couldn’t become an alternative to Russia.
“In the United States, the export terminal for the shipment of LNG is in Louisiana. The U.S. is yet to construct a half-dozen terminals in different parts of the country. Second, there is not enough gas. Third, in Europe there aren’t a lot of terminals that are ready to accept the liquefied gas, and there aren’t a lot of tankers for transporting it,” Ambassador Chizhov noted.
Gerhard Schröder confirmed his intention to hold a position on Rosneft’s board of directors. The ex-chancellor from the Social Democratic Party (SPD) said that the answer to his decision lay in his desire to make Germany and Europe energy-independent. He left open the question of whether he will hold the position as the chairman of Rosneft’s supervisory board.
The ex-politician called unreasonable the attempts to isolate Russia. “The demonizing of Russia won’t bring benefit to anybody,” he has emphasized. Mr. Schröder rejected the opinion that Rosneft is “a hand of the Russian government,” noting that the shareholders of the world’s largest oil company also include BP, Qatar, and Glencore. He has also emphasized that Russian representatives do not dominate Rosneft’s supervisory board.
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