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848
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dbpedia
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1
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https://originalberlintours.com/the-different-sides-of-berlin-unveiling-the-free-side-of-the-city/
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en
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The Different Sides of Berlin: Unveiling the Free Side of the City
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2024-03-07T14:31:21+00:00
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When discussing the history of Berlin, one cannot ignore the significant division it experienced during the Cold War. The Berlin Wall, built by the German…
|
en
|
Original Berlin Tours
|
https://originalberlintours.com/the-different-sides-of-berlin-unveiling-the-free-side-of-the-city/
|
When discussing the history of Berlin, one cannot ignore the significant division it experienced during the Cold War. The Berlin Wall, built by the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in 1961, physically separated the city into two distinct parts: East Berlin, controlled by the Soviet Union and influenced by communism, and West Berlin, under the administration of the Allied powers. While the Eastern side operated under strict governmental control, the Western side represented a symbol of freedom and democracy during a tumultuous time.
West Berlin: The Free Side
West Berlin became synonymous with freedom and democracy in a divided Europe. Despite being geographically located within East Germany, the western part of the city was home to several democratic institutions, such as a free press, multi-party elections, and a capitalist economy.
The Western side of Berlin relied heavily on the support of the Allied powers, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. These nations provided economic aid and military protection for West Berlin. This commitment to support West Berlin was further emphasized by the Berlin Airlift operation, which supplied the city with vital resources during the Soviet blockade in 1948-1949.
Democratic Institutions and Free Press
West Berlin embraced democratic values and principles despite its isolated location. The Basic Law, Germany’s constitution, was fully implemented in the western part of the city. This meant that individuals enjoyed fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and freedom of the press.
The free press in West Berlin played a crucial role in disseminating information and promoting democratic ideals. Newspapers, radio stations, and television channels based in the Western sector provided a platform for diverse perspectives and openly criticized the ideology of the East German regime.
Culture, Art, and Entertainment
West Berlin flourished as a cultural hub during the division. The city attracted artists, musicians, and intellectuals from around the world, making it a creative and vibrant place despite its isolated position.
Famous landmarks like the iconic Brandenburg Gate and the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra symbolized the cultural richness of West Berlin. The city also hosted renowned cultural events like the Berlin International Film Festival and was home to a thriving underground art scene.
East Berlin: Behind the Iron Curtain
East Berlin, on the other hand, operated under Soviet control and faced strict communist rule. The GDR government exercised tight control over various aspects of life in the Eastern part of the city, limiting personal freedoms and suppressing dissent.
GDR Government Control
The German Democratic Republic molded East Berlin in accordance with Soviet principles. The government implemented a planned economy, nationalized industries, and restricted private enterprise.
Additionally, the ruling party, the Socialist Unity Party (SED), tightly controlled all aspects of political life. Citizens were expected to conform to the socialist ideology, and dissent was met with severe consequences.
The Berlin Wall and Restricted Travel
The construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961 physically separated the two sides of the city, effectively cutting off East Berlin from the Western world. The wall stood as a grim reminder of the division and the restrictions imposed on East Berliners.
Travel between East and West Berlin was heavily regulated. Strict border controls, checkpoints, and guard towers were set up along the wall. East Berliners faced significant challenges if they wanted to visit the free side. Escape attempts were met with harsh punishments, including imprisonment or even loss of life.
Cultural Suppression
East Berlin saw less cultural freedom than its western counterpart. The GDR authorities enforced socialist realism, a form of art that depicted a utopian vision of communist society. Dissenting artists or those who challenged the regime’s narrative faced censorship and persecution.
Despite these restrictions, East Berlin did have its cultural scene. The Friedrichshain Park and the Alexanderplatz area hosted theaters, galleries, and cinemas, often used as propaganda tools to promote the socialist ideology.
The Fall of the Berlin Wall: Reunion and a United City
The Berlin Wall stood as a symbol of oppression and division for almost three decades. However, the winds of change swept across Eastern Europe in the late 1980s, leading to peaceful protests and demands for freedom.
On November 9, 1989, the historic moment arrived when the East German government announced that citizens could pass through the borders, effectively opening the Berlin Wall. This pivotal event marked the end of the division and paved the way for the reunification of Germany in 1990.
Today, Berlin stands as a united city, cherishing its turbulent past while embracing its vibrant present. The scars of division are still visible, with remnants of the Berlin Wall serving as a reminder of the city’s tumultuous history.
Visitors to Berlin can explore both sides of the city, learning about the hardships faced by those living in East Berlin while also celebrating the freedom and democracy that West Berlin represented during the Cold War era.
As you navigate the streets and visit the various landmarks, museums, and memorials, the legacy of the divided city will leave a lasting impression, reminding us of the importance of freedom and unity.
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848
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dbpedia
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2
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https://www.arcotel.com/en/oeamtc-special/
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en
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ÖAMTC Benefit partner
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With your ÖAMTC membership you can ensure your -15% special discount at the ARCOTEL Hotels.
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https://www.arcotel.com/en/oeamtc-special/
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Our exclusive offer for OEAMTC-members
- 15% discount on your stay
in an ARCOTEL of your choice
- 50% discount on the hotel parking lot
(subject to availability)
Conditions: Price includes breakfast, Cancellation free of charge until 23:59 the day before arrival. In case of later cancellation or no-show, 95% of the first night will be charged as cancellation fee. Your credit card will be used to guarantee the reservation. Only for private travel and in conjunction with a valid OEAMTC Club Card, cannot be combined with other discounts/special conditions or bookings already made!
OEAMTC Advantage Partner Programme
|
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848
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dbpedia
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1
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https://berlintraveltips.com/guide-to-visiting-brandenburg-gate-in-berlin/
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en
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Guide to Visiting Brandenburg Gate in Berlin
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2022-08-12T14:54:19+00:00
|
This guide to visiting Brandenburg Gate will tell you the tips you need for seeing this iconic Berlin landmark, including how to get there.
|
en
|
Berlin Travel Tips
|
https://berlintraveltips.com/guide-to-visiting-brandenburg-gate-in-berlin/
|
Brandenburg Gate is one of the most recognizable landmarks in Germany, so it’s a must-see attraction when you come to Berlin. This gorgeous old city gate has loads of history, is used for many events, and it’s quite photogenic. So what do you need to know for visiting Brandenburg Gate in Berlin?
In this post I’ll explain how to get to Brandenburger Tor (that’s the German name), tell you about its history, and share tips for seeing this important Berlin landmark.
History and facts about Brandenburg Gate
Brandenburg Gate was built between 1788-1791 in a Greek revival style, and it marked the western edge of the city. The Quadriga statue, which is a chariot being pulled by horses, was added to the top in 1793.
But what you see today wasn’t actually the first Brandenburg Gate built here. A more simple wooden gate was built in this location in 1734 and later replaced with this more ornate version.
The gate is is 26 meters tall, 65.5 meters long, and 11 meters deep. For the non-metric folks, that’s 85.3 feet tall, 214.9 feet long, and 36 feet deep.
When Napoleon invaded Berlin in 1806, he had the French army take the Quadriga back to Paris as a sign of victory. Napoleon was forced to abdicate in 1814, and afterwards the Quadriga was returned to Berlin and placed back onto Brandenburg Gate.
Unfortunately Brandenburg Gate suffered damage during World War II, and the Quadriga had to be removed. It was replaced by a replica during reconstruction in the 1950s.
>>Read more fun facts about Berlin.
During the Cold War when Berlin was divided, Brandenburg Gate was in the Soviet sector close to the border between East and West. As they built the Berlin Wall, Brandenburger Tor became inaccessible by both sides of the city.
While this important landmark became a symbol of the city’s division during this time, it later came to represent Berlin’s reunification after the Wall came down.
More than 100,000 people celebrated the fall of the Berlin Wall here when Brandenburg Gate was reopened in December 1989. Unfortunately these celebrations caused so much damage to the Quadriga statue that it once again had to be taken down and restored two years later.
>>Read: 25+ Best Restaurants in Mitte Berlin: Cafes, Bars, German Food & More
Where is Brandenburg Gate?
Brandenburg Gate is located on Pariser Platz, a pretty square east of the gate, in the Mitte district. It sits at the western end of Unter den Linden and just east of Tiergarten Park.
Several stately buildings are here, including a few embassies like the USA and France. (Note: If you’re a US citizen and you happen to need embassy services while you’re in Berlin, they have two locations. Unfortunately this is not the one that will help you.)
There’s also a Brandenburg Gate in Potsdam, and it’s actually older than the one in Berlin. It was built in 1770-1771.
Events at Berlin Brandenburg Gate
Aside from being an important symbol and tourist attraction, Brandenburg Gate hosts events throughout the year. These include a massive New Year’s Eve celebration and live showings of major football (soccer) matches like the World Cup, and the Berlin Marathon route and Berlin Half Marathon run through the gate.
Since there’s more space on the west side of the gate, often these events are held there. Streets are closed to cars during things like the New Year’s Eve celebration. Around one million people gather near Brandenburg Gate to ring in the New Year each year.
It’s also one of many buildings that participate in the Festival of Lights, and it’s a popular place for protests and demonstrations. Protests and demonstrations are usually peaceful, but if you’re visiting Brandenburg Gate during one, use caution.
>>Read: 101 Fun and Essential Things to do in Berlin
How to visit Brandenburg Gate Berlin
I often tell people to start their day at the East Side Gallery to avoid the crowds, which means you’d end up visiting Brandenburg Gate later in the day. But you can easily change the order of your Berlin itinerary and see the gate whenever makes sense for you.
Sunrise and sunset times are good for photos, but check the timing for when you’re visiting. Early the day is best for avoiding crowds, but that’s generally true of most attractions, so you have to choose which places are most important for you to see with fewer people.
Brandenburg Gate is a popular place for photos and selfies, but you don’t really need a ton of time here. It’s a fantastic sight to see, but there’s not a lot to do after you’ve taken your pictures.
There are lots of other things to do near Brandenburger Tor, so it’s easy to continue exploring the city from here. I’ve listed some nearby attractions later in the post.
>>Read: Guide to Visiting the Berlin TV Tower
What to wear on your visit
Since Brandenburger Tor is outdoors, and it’s likely only one stop on a big day of sightseeing, you’ll be on your feet a lot. Wear comfortable shoes, and dress for the weather at the time of year you’re visiting Berlin.
>>Read: What to Wear & What to Pack for Berlin, Germany: Your Ultimate Berlin Packing List
How to get to Brandenburger Tor
Brandenburg Gate is located at Pariser Platz, and it’s easy to reach on foot or by using public transport.
If you’re walking down Unter den Linden, you can get to Brandenburg Gate by walking west, away from Museum Island and towards Tiergarten. From Potsdamer Platz, walk north on Ebertstr with Tiergarten on your left and the Holocaust Memorial on your right.
Brandenburger Tor has an S&U station by the same name, so you can get there from farther away. Take the Ubahn line U5 or Sbahn lines S1, S2, S25, or S26. Bus 100 also has a stop close to Brandenburg Gate.
You could also get to Brandenburg Gate on one of the hop on hop off buses in Berlin. These can be a good way to see a lot of Berlin’s highlights in a short amount of time.
Things to know before you go
Before you visit Brandenburg Gate, here are a few more pieces of advice to help you enjoy one of the most popular places to see in Berlin.
Tips for the best pictures of Brandenburg Gate
Pictures of Brandenburg Gate are good whether you’re there in daylight hours or after dark. Evening photos can be quite interesting with the buildings all lit up.
If you can time your visit to Brandenburger Tor for around sunset time, you’ll be rewarded. Stand on the east side of the Gate and take your pictures facing west towards the Gate with Tiergarten on the other side of it.
Since pictures are nicer when you’re standing in Pariser Platz looking west towards the gate, you should avoid coming here in the afternoon. The afternoon sun will be behind the gate and still too high for good pictures, so come in the morning or late afternoon/early evening.
Make sure you know what time sunrise and sunset are when you’re visiting Berlin if this is important for your pictures. Sunrise and sunset times vary greatly from Berlin summer to Berlin winter.
How much does it cost to visit Brandenburger Tor?
Often people ask what is the entrance price to visit Brandenburg Gate Berlin. Well, luckily the cost to visit is zero – it’s free!
And it’s one of the most popular free things to do in Berlin.
Brandenburg Gate Berlin opening hours
Brandenburg Gate is outdoors with no barrier to entry, so you can visit any time day or night. I recommend getting there early in the day to avoid crowds, but people generally don’t hang around for too long, so you’ll be fine no matter when you arrive.
Things to do near Brandenburg Gate Berlin
With so many other things to do near Brandenburg Gate, you’re spoiled for options. And besides the things I’ve listed below, you’ll have easy access to public transport, so you can get to another part of the city for sightseeing.
Tiergarten
Tiergarten is a huge inner-city park—the largest of its kind in Germany. Originally a hunting ground dating back to 1527, this vast green space has become one of the most loved public parks in Berlin over the years.
Throughout the park there are statues, memorials, ponds, tree-lined thoroughfares, and lawns. When the weather’s warm in Berlin, it’s here that people flock for strolling, picnicking, and generally hanging out, making it a great spot to people-watch.
Tiergarten is located just west of Brandenburg Gate. Check out my full guide to Visiting Tiergarten Park in Berlin.
Victory Column
Berlin’s Victory Column, or Siegessäule in German, is one of the more recognizable monuments in the city. It sits at a roundabout in the middle of Tiergarten Park, and it was initially built as a monument to Prussia’s victory in the Franco-German war.
The column stands at 67 meters (about 220 feet) high and has an observation deck you can reach by paying a small entrance fee. After climbing the 285 stairs, the tower provides excellent views of the surrounding park and the city of Berlin.
This is one of the many wonderful inexpensive things you can do in Berlin.
Reichstag Building
Opened in 1894, the Reichstag Building is a unique piece of architecture. It is also where the German parliament meets.
You can take a tour in the glass dome, where you can learn more about the history of Germany. This building also has a rooftop terrace and restaurant, which promises panoramic views of Berlin.
Tours into the glass dome are free, but advanced booking is required. The Reichstag Building is located a few minutes north of Brandenburg Gate.
Holocaust Memorial
The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, often referred to as the Holocaust Memorial, honors the large number of Jewish people who died at the hands of the Nazis. It’s one of the most important World War II sites in Berlin, and it’s a few minutes south of Brandenburg Gate.
The memorial consists of 2,711 concrete blocks of varying heights, and the ground they sit on is an uneven slope similar to a wave. The information center showcases letters, diaries, photographs, and biographies of the victims to help personalize the experience.
Entrance is free. Photography is allowed (no flash inside) but please be respectful.
Do not sit on or climb on the cement slabs or take selfies. This is a place to reflect and remember those who were murdered.
Unter den Linden
Unter den Linden is the street that runs between Brandenburg Gate and Museum Island. It’s a lovely tree-lined street that’s great for a stroll as you check out some of Berlin’s top attractions.
Be sure to stop by Bebelplatz, a gorgeous square next to the Berlin State Opera House. Here you can see the Nazi book burning memorial – look down and you’ll see empty shelves under the glass.
Check out our full guide to visiting Unter den Linden in Berlin.
Gendarmenmarkt
Gendarmenmarkt is one of the most beautiful squares in Berlin, and it’s about a 15 minute walk from Brandenburger Tor. This historic square is home to an impressive trio of buildings: the French Church, the German Church, and the Konzerthaus.
Sadly the square was badly damaged during World War II, but today it’s mostly been restored to its former glory. Gendarmenmarkt is a great place to wander; if you’re here over the holidays, you can visit one of the most popular Berlin Christmas markets here.
Note: Gendarmenmarkt is currently undergoing extensive construction and is closed until late 2024/early 2025.
Tränenpalast
The Palace of Tears, or Tränenpalast in German, was constructed in 1962. It is located at Friedrichstraße train station and was used by the GDR (DDR in German) dictatorship as a border crossing between East and West Berlin.
At this location, guards forced many people to leave their families and friends in tears as they were denied any access to the border. Today, this free museum is used as a reminder of the great separation of Germany and all the tears that were shed in connection with it.
It’s one of the best Cold War attractions in Berlin. You can walk there from Brandenburg Gate in about 10 minutes, or it’s one stop on the Sbahn. Check out my full guide to visiting the Palace of Tears Museum.
Brandenburg Gate FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions about visiting Brandenburger Tor in Berlin.
What can you do at the Brandenburg Gate?
Berlin Brandenburg Gate is an important monument, but there isn’t a lot to do here. Yes, it’s definitely worth seeing and taking some pictures of it, and you can read some of the placards with historical info about the gate and square, but you’re unlikely to be here for more than a few minutes.
When was the Brandenburg Gate built?
Brandenburger Tor was constructed from 1788-1791, which means today it is more than 230 years old.
Why was the Brandenburg Gate built?
In the 1700s, Berlin was a much smaller city than it is today. Brandenburg Gate was built at the western edge of Berlin and marked one of the entrances to the city.
The original gate was a simple wooden structure built in 1734, but it was replaced with a more ornate one in 1788-91. It was one of 14 city gates built to control the movement of goods and to levy taxes on goods coming into the city.
How tall/big is Brandenburg Gate?
Brandenburger Tor is 85.3 feet tall, 214.9 feet long, and 36 feet deep. For those of you more familiar with metric measurements, that’s 26 meters tall, 65.5 meters long, and 11 meters deep.
What is the statue on top of the Brandenburg Gate?
That distinct statue on top of Brandenburger Tor is the Quadriga statue. This is a chariot being pulled by horses, and it was added to the top in 1793, a few years after the gate was completed.
Who built Brandenburg Gate?
Brandenburger Tor was designed by Carl Gotthard Langhans, and its design was inspired by the entrance to the Acropolis in Athens. The Quadriga statue was designed by Johann Gottfried Schadow and added a few years later.
Was the Brandenburg Gate in East or West Berlin?
When Berlin was divided, Brandenburger Tor was in the East, but only barely. The border ran just a few meters west of the gate.
Is the Brandenburg Gate part of the Berlin Wall?
No, Brandenburger Tor is not part of the Berlin Wall. It is located very close to the former border between East and West Berlin, and when the Wall was built, the inner and outer walls went around the gate, isolating it from both sides.
What is the name of the famous street that runs through the Brandenburg Gate?
The famous street that runs through Brandenburger Tor is Unter den Linden. It stretches from Brandenburg Gate to Museum Island.
Why is the Brandenburg Gate important?
Brandenburg Gate holds a lot of historical significance since it was one of the entrances to the city. During the Cold War, it sat just east of the divide between East and West. And since it was blocked from both sides by the Berlin Wall, it came to symbolize the division between the two sides during that time period.
Berlin Travel Resources
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2017-11-12T20:13:09+01:00
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Exploring interesting, mundane, hidden, and obvious locations all around Berlin. From former GDR Guard Posts to long forgotten memorials, come explore with us.
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Digital Cosmonaut
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https://digitalcosmonaut.com/explore-berlin/
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Explore Berlin
The Flensburger Löwe
Berlin is one of those cities, that no matter where you go, you’ll stumble across a memorial, plaque or statue of someone or something. One could be forgiven for just […]
The Brandenburg Gates
Few monuments encapsulate the image of Germany (and Berlin) as much as the Brandenburg Gate. Of all the National Monuments in Germany, the neoclassical structure is by far the most […]
A History of Berlin’s BVG / VBB Ticket Prices
Anyone that’s lived in Berlin for more than 5 years will have probably noticed that the fares for the BVG / VBB seemingly increase like clockwork every April. While we’ve […]
Julius Fučík Memorial
While many memorials and pieces of public art that were erected during the reign of the German Democratic Republic were removed or altered after German reunification, more than just a […]
Denkmal für die Gefallenen der Garde Pioniere
While traveling through Brandenburg, one can’t fail to notice how the villages and towns take care of their War memorials. Unfortunately the same can’t be said for many of Berlin’s […]
Cosmonauts, Communists, and the Kremlin in East Berlin
If there’s one policy from the German Democratic Republic that has left a lasting positive impression, then it would be the “Kunst im öffentlichen Raum” and the “Kunst am Bau” […]
The Pressecafe
Berlin has rapidly changed over the past decade. Historic buildings that stood for over a century have been torn down to make way for luxury apartments and hotels, while the […]
The Nazi legacy of the Grazer Damm
There’s hardly a corner in Berlin that’s been left untouched by the legacy of the Nazis – be it through Hitlers and Speers architectural fantasy of building a new world […]
Berlins Chernobyl Memorials
35 years after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, the event the aftermath have had consequences that still impact us to this day. The area around (and) Chernobyl itself has become a […]
Everything you didn’t know about Berlins Leninplatz
As the German art critic and author Karl Scheffler once put it – “Berlin is damned always to become and never to be” – and even 110 years later this statement couldn’t ring truer. No […]
Vierter Ring – Hitlers unfinished Autobahn
“Germania” – the mythical capital of the Third Reich. Looking back at the plans that Albert Speer came up with for Adolf Hitler in 1935, one can only wonder how […]
Kuppelkreuz – The cross of the Berlin Cathedral
Few buildings in Berlin define the “skyline” and the city as much as the Berlin Cathedral. The imposing Neo-renaisance Cathedral is a tourist magnet, only dwarfed in visitor numbers by […]
The Staatsratsgebäude
Berlin is a city of change. It always has been, and it most likely always will be. Berlin evolved from a small village in a swamp to the capital of […]
Superfest – The (almost) unbreakable East German Glass
While most can and will consider German reunification a “success story”, the merger of the two German states also meant the loss of identity, purpose, and direction for many. There […]
The Recycled East German Border Crossing
The year 2019 marks 58 years since the construction, and 30 years since the fall of the Berlin wall. The 160km long wall ploughed its way through and around the […]
What are those coloured eggs in German supermarkets?
Have you ever strolled through a German supermarket and spotted those weird colored eggs? Do Germans sell easter eggs all year around? I’ve been living here long enough and have […]
The Frog Prince of Kreuzberg
A solitary frog prince sits patiently on a porcelain ball, high above the masses waiting for their U-Bahn to arrive. What might seem like a quirky detail of an otherwise almost […]
The last depictions of Karl Marx in Berlin
The year 2018 marked the 200th anniversary of the birth of Karl Marx, as well as the 170th anniversary of the Communist Manifesto. Few people have had such a lasting […]
The Bridge of Scars
Over 7 decades have passed since the Battle of Berlin and at first glance one wouldn’t notice. Division, reunification, the building boom of the 90’s and the gentrification and modernisation […]
The socialist history of Berlin
The Nikolaiviertel. A charming little haven in the center of Berlin. So quiet and yet seemingly out of place – surrounded by the iconic TV Tower, the socialist high rises […]
The last piece of the Palast der Republik
Berlin is a city of change. Some for the better, some for the worse. Few time periods have left their mark on city as much as the years immediately after […]
The secret Lenin of Berlin
The year 2017 marked the 100th anniversary of the October Revolution in Russia, with which Lenin and his comrades toppled the Russian Empire and ushered in the reign of the […]
Finding the last emblems of the German Democratic Republic in Berlin
Berlin is a city that bears the scars of its history. Be it remnants of its imperial history, bullet scared facades (like the Bridge of Scars)or tragic memorials. While it […]
Exploring the Wasserturm in Prenzlauer Berg
Every Kiez in Berlin has one or two buildings which define the area – be it the Fernsehturm in Mitte, the Karstadt Building in Neukölln, The Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche in Charlottenburg or […]
Berlin: Whats that white cotton stuff in the air?
Its the same spectacle every year: Berlins streets are flooded with some weird cotton pollen just as the summer starts kicking in. When a light breeze brushes through the streets […]
Prenzlauer Bergs Neon Music Tape
Right at the border between Prenzlauer Berg and Friedrichshain, above the heads of the masses lies one of Prenzlauer Bergs more visible mysteries. Thousands of people have passed the intersection […]
The Cosmonaut of Potsdam
Potsdams a nice place – but it’s just not quite as cool as its younger brother Berlin. Whatever Potsdam does it’s always seemingly second class to Berlin. Its got the […]
The Watchtowers of East Berlin
When the DDR erected the „Antifaschistischer Schutzwall“ – aka the Berlin Wall in 1961, the 160 Kilometer long fortification was overlooked by 302 Watchtowers. The East German Watchtowers weren’t only used for […]
The Abandoned Chinese Embassy | The Republic of Pankow
1973 was an important year for East Germany. After years of political turmoil, the DDR was finally accepted as a member state (the 133rd) to the UN. With this, the […]
Honecker’s Window
Berlin is not a city of skyscrapers – and it seems like most of the action happens underground. With German reunification, the city had wide-reaching plans to modernize the Alexanderplatz […]
The Kaninchenfeld – The Brass Rabbits of the Berlin Wall
At first glance there’s not much to see here aside from the usual Berliner Tristesse. A gas station, a busy road and a massive construction site. But on closer inspection […]
Whats that Jingle on German Trains?
If you’ve ever taken the Deutsche Bahn Trains in Berlin, chances are you’ve at least once heard a synth organ blast out a strange Volksmusik tune. What the hell is […]
The Nazi Eagles of Berlin
Reichsadler. The word (unfairly) conjures up images of a Nazi Eagle and the Third Reich. Yet the Eagle as a symbol of Power has existed in the Germanic Realm for […]
The 8 Windmills of Berlin
Berlin used to be swamped with Windmills. It might be hard to believe but by the year 1860, over 150 Windmills sprouted up in and around Berlin. But whats left […]
The Eiergasse – Berlins Shortest Street
Berlin is full of famous streets. The illustrious Kurfürstendam with its luxury shops. The historical “Unter den Linden” lined with Embassies leading up to the Brandenburg Gate, or the Oranienburger […]
The Jaczoturm
Not many Berliners know of the Jaczoturm – and even amongst the locals in Spandau it remains somewhat unknown. Hidden along the entrance of the Jaczoschlucht at the border of Wilhelmstadt […]
What to do with 4 Kilos worth of change?
Im an accidental Numismatic. Over the course of +3 years, ive been collecting all the 1,2 and 5 Cent coins that have crossed my path. What do you do with these […]
111 Places in Berlin – Nr 205: The Spitteleck
Spittelmarkt. East Berlin still feels like East Berlin here. The massive 6 Lane Leipziger Straße cuts through the city while the “Komplex Leipziger Straße” – an Octuplet Set of Plattenbauten […]
The German Christmas Pickle Myth
A few years back when my family was living in San Francisco, I encountered this interesting so-called, “German” tradition – The German Christmas Pickle. My Mother, on the hunt for […]
111 Places in Berlin – Nr 212: The Tuileriensäule
This Island isn’t meant for visitors. 250.000 m² large, a few dozen villas and a single road that goes around in a circle. There isn’t much to see here if it weren’t […]
111 Places in Berlin – Nr 140: The Eisbahn
Winter is coming. As the temperatures slowly dip into the negative digits, a many Neu Berliner begins to regret living in this city. But Berlin comes into its own when […]
111 Places in Berlin – Nr 159: The Judengang
Der Judengang. The word sounds a lot harsher than it most likely means to be. That might be because of the German Language or the German oversensitivity. While I had […]
111 Places in Berlin – Nr 194: The Round Hinterhof
Ill be the first to admit it – Berlin isnt a beautiful city. At least not in a classical sense. Ive yet to hear someone describe Berlin in the same […]
111 Places in Berlin – Nr 63: The Meteorstraße
Totgesagte leben länger – literally translates into The condemned live longer. Nothing fits better to the “doomed” Airport Tegel than this saying. To think that Tegel Airport was mere days […]
German Traffic Lights – Youre Using Them All Wrong
Recht und Ordnung. Law and Order. There’s nothing that a German loves more – or at least that’s the stereotype that everybody spreads around. While there apparently are many ways […]
The Geographical Center of Berlin
Berlin Mitte. U-Bahn Station Mitte. The Rotes Rathaus. They are all liars. All of them claim to be the center of Berlin but none of them are. People have always […]
111 Places in Berlin – Nr 46: Kleists Grave
“Das Paradies ist verriegelt und der Cherub hinter uns; wir müssen die Reise um die Welt machen und sehen, ob es vielleicht von hinten irgendwo wieder offen ist.” “But paradise […]
111 Places in Berlin – Nr 68: The Müggelturm
Berlin is best enjoyed from the top. Not that there are that many opportunities within the city aside from the Fernsehturm and the Weltballon. But if you venture out to […]
Paule III – Berlins smallest Ferry
I Hate the Sea and Everything in it, but I have a soft spot for Ferries (see the MS Tempelhof) and other obscure modes of transportation. When I heard that […]
111 Places in Berlin – Nr 94: The Spreetunnel
Berlin has some stunningly beautiful bridges. In fact its got over 900 bridges on display (though not all of them so beautiful) – over twice as many as Venice. And […]
111 Places in Berlin – Nr 11: The Bierpinsel
The 1970s Architects weren’t kind to Berlin. While the cityscape of the east was dominated by myriads of Plattenbauten – the western half was turned into an architects playground who […]
The Tieranatomisches Theater
Brazingly walking through doors like you know where you are going and belong there is a very good characteristic to have – especially in Berlin. You can find the most […]
111 Places in Berlin – Nr 67: The MS Tempelhof
Anyone who has ever taken Public Transport in Berlin has seen the F Logo. But what does it mean? You see it almost every time you take a Bus, Tram, […]
Park am Nordbahnhof
Berlin has over 2500 public recreational and green spaces – over one-third of the city is made up of forests, parks and rivers. Those are more parks than you will […]
111 Places in Berlin – Nr 79: The Paternoster
I am claustrophobic. I hate enclosed spaces – especially elevators. Whenever I have the chance – I try to take the stairs just to avoid being stuck in a metal […]
111 Places in Berlin – Nr.101: The Tadschikische Teestube *Rebirth*
The Tadschikische Teestube officialy closed on the 30th of April 2012 – but it seems like Berlin just got a reprieve. I “revied” the Tadschikische Teestube in early Febuary of […]
ULAP Park
Hidden in the shadows of Berlins Hauptbahnhof, lies a small park and a lonely staircase with trees growing out of it. Unless you lost your way and somehow ended up […]
The Madenautomat
In the US you can find Pizza Vending Machines. Dubai has a Gold Vending Machine. And Berlin? Berlin has Cigarette Vending Machines – and the “Madenautomat” – a vending machine […]
111 Places in Berlin – Nr 22: The Ernst Thälmann Monument
The Ernst Thälmann Monument. One of the few remaining monuments of the former DDR in Berlin. Lonely and imposing, it dominates its surroundings – behind it a series of east […]
111 Places in Berlin – Nr 77: Das Parkdeck der Neukölln Arcaden
**Update** Since this piece was written in 2012 – the Parkdeck in Neukölln has been transformed into the Hipster Hangout called “Klunkerkranich”. While the views remain the same – the […]
111 Places in Berlin – Nr 113: Der Berliner Dom
So im slowly continuing my quest to visit all the “111 Places in Berlin” and while I while I love Book, I think it misses out on several interesting places […]
111 Places in Berlin – Nr. 112: St.Konstantin und Helena Kirche in Berlin
No, that 112 is not a mistake. While I love the 111 Places in Berlin Book, I think it misses out on some true hidden gems, so I decided to add […]
111 Places in Berlin – Nr 101: Die Tadschikische Teestube
Good News Everybody! The Tadschikische Teestube is Opening its doors again in a New Location on the 24th of November 2012! They are now located in the Oranienburger Str. 27 […]
Berlin – Cocolo Ramenbar
Its no big secret but I hate fish, so youll be hard pressed to find me in a Japanese Restaurant (due to their pescy habit of serving mostly fish-based dishes). […]
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Explore some of the best listings from around the city from our partners and friends.
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Hotel Luc, Autograph Collection - Berlin, DE Meeting Venues and Event Space
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The boutique hotel offers 75 hotel rooms and 17 suites, elegantly furnished in deep Prussian blue. Most of the rooms overlook the French Cathedral and Berlin's most beautiful square: the Gendarmenmarkt. Special highlights include t
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HOTEL LUC, AUTOGRAPH COLLECTION Hotel Luc, opened in spring 2022 under the Autograph Collection, is in an absolute prime location: right in the heart of Berlin and with a fantastic view of the Gendarmenmarkt and the French Cathedral, the hotel invites its guests to relax and discover the city. Whether a stroll through Friedrichstadt or a visit to the government district with the Brandenburg Gate - many landmarks of the city lie within walking distance. Hotel Luc offers Prussian straightforwardness, clarity, order and presence - the counter model to chaotic Berlin. ROOMS AND SUITES The boutique hotel offers 75 hotel rooms and 17 suites, elegantly furnished in deep Prussian blue. Most of the rooms overlook the French Cathedral and Berlin's most beautiful square: the Gendarmenmarkt. Special highlights include the two-story Luc King Suite and Luc Balcony rooms with private balconies to enjoy breakfast, dinner, or a leisurely cup of tea overlooking the hustle and bustle at Gendarmenmarkt. MEETINGS AND EVENTS The newly designed Atrium, opened in early 2023, is an exclusive venue with space for up to 40 people. Located in a prime location in Berlin, the Atrium is ideal for private parties, meetings or corporate events. Creative catering options with healthy food and beverage offerings for coffee breaks, luncheons or dinners will enhance the success of any event and can be customized according to the individual requirements. With a direct connection to the Delphinium function room, Hotel Luc offers an innovative event setting. Located in the neighboring building, the Deliphium is a special eye-catcher, especially with the illuminated floor. Our team will be happy to assist you with your booking of the Delphinium through the external owner.
Cancellation Policy
24 Hours
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2007 Schools Wikipedia Selection. Related subjects: European Geography
Berlin Location in Germany and Europe Coordinates :
Time zone :
UTC+1/Summer UTC+2 Flag Coat of arms Basic information Area 891.82 km² City 5,370 km² Metro Area Population 3,399,511 (06/2006) 3,675,000 Urban Area 4,262,480 Metro Area Density 3,810/km² Elevation 34 - 115 m Government NUTS-Code DE3 Country Germany State Berlin Subdivisions 12 Bezirke Governing Mayor Klaus Wowereit since 2001 Governing Parties SPD / Linkspartei Website www.berlin.de
Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. It is the heart of the Berlin- Brandenburg metropolitan region, located in northeastern Germany. With a population of 3.4 million, Berlin is the country's largest city, and the second most populous city in the European Union.
Berlin is one of the most influential centers in European politics, culture and science. The city serves as an important hub of continental transportation and is home to some of the most prominent universities, sport events, orchestras, and museums. Its economy is based on the service sector, encompassing a diverse range of media and life science corporations, convention venues, research institutes, and creative industries.
The rapidly evolving metropolis enjoys an international reputation for its festivals, contemporary architecture, nightlife, and avant-garde arts. Being a major tourist centre and home to people from over 180 nations, Berlin is a focal point for individuals who are attracted by its liberal lifestyle, urban eclecticism, and artistic freedom.
First documented in the 13th century, Berlin became successively the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia (from 1701), the German Empire (1871-1918), the Weimar Republic (1919-1932) and the Third Reich (1933-1945). After World War II, the city was divided. East Berlin became the capital of the GDR (East Germany), while West Berlin remained a West German enclave surrounded by the Berlin Wall from 1961-1989. Following the reunification in 1990, the city regained its status as the capital of all Germany.
History
The name Berlin, which is pronounced /bə(r)ˈlɪn/ in English and /bɛɐˈliːn/ in German, is of uncertain origin, but may be related to the Old Polabian stem berl-/birl- "swamp".
The first written mention of towns in the area of present-day Berlin dates from the late 12th and early 14th century. Spandau is first mentioned in 1197, and Köpenick in 1209, though these areas did not join Berlin until 1920. The central part of Berlin can be traced back to two towns: Cölln (on the Fisher Island) is first mentioned in a 1237 document, and Berlin (across the Spree in what is now called the Nikolaiviertel) in one from 1244. From the beginning, the two cities formed an economic and social unit. In 1307, the two cities were united politically. Over time, the twin cities came to be known simply as Berlin, the larger of the pair.
In 1415 Frederick I became the elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, which he ruled until 1440. Subsequent members of the Hohenzollern family ruled until 1918 in Berlin, first as electors of Brandenburg, then as kings of Prussia, and finally as German emperors. In 1448 citizens rebelled in the “Berlin Indignation” against the construction of a new royal palace by Elector Frederick II Irontooth. This protest was not successful, however, and the citizenry lost many of its political and economic privileges. In 1451 Berlin became the royal residence of the Brandenburg electors, and Berlin had to give up its status as a free Hanseatic city. In 1539 the electors and the city officially became Lutheran.
17–19th century
The Thirty Years' War between 1618 and 1648 had devastating consequences for Berlin. A third of the houses were damaged, and the city lost half of its population. Frederick William, known as the “Great Elector”, who had succeeded his father George William as ruler in 1640, initiated a policy of promoting immigration and religious toleration. With the Edict of Potsdam in 1685, Frederick William invited the French Huguenots to Brandenburg. More than 15,000 Huguenots came, of whom 6,000 settled in Berlin. Around 1700, approximately twenty percent of Berlin's residents were French, and their cultural influence was great. Many other immigrants came from Bohemia, Poland, and Salzburg.
With the coronation of Frederick I in 1701 as king, Berlin became the capital of the kingdom of Prussia. In 1740 Friedrich II, known as Frederick the Great (1740-1786) came to power. Berlin became, under the rule of the philosophically-oriented Frederick II, centre of the Enlightenment. The Industrial Revolution transformed Berlin during the 19th century; the city's economy and population expanded dramatically, and it became the main rail hub and economic centre of Germany. Additional suburbs soon developed and increased the area and population of Berlin. In 1861, outlying suburbs including Wedding, Moabit, and several others were incorporated into Berlin. In 1871, Berlin became capital of the newly founded German Empire.
20th century
At the end of World War I in 1918, the Weimar Republic was proclaimed in Berlin. In 1920, the Greater Berlin Act united dozens of suburban cities, villages, and estates around Berlin into a greatly expanded city and established Berlin as a separate administrative region. After this expansion, Berlin had a population of around 4 million. 1920s Berlin was an exciting city known for its liberal subcultures, including homosexuals and prostitution, and well known for its fierce political street fights.
The Nazi Party came to power in 1933 and started World War II in 1939. Nazi rule destroyed Berlin's Jewish community, which numbered 170,000 before the Nazis came to power. After the pogrom of Kristallnacht in 1938, thousands of the city's German Jews were imprisoned in the nearby Sachsenhausen concentration camp or, in early 1943, were shipped to death camps such as Auschwitz. During the war, large parts of Berlin were destroyed in the 1943–45 air raids and during the Battle of Berlin. After the end of the war in Europe in 1945, Berlin received large numbers of refugees from the Eastern provinces. The victorious powers divided the city into four sectors, analogous to the occupation zones into which Germany was divided. The sectors of the Western Allies (the United States, United Kingdom, and France) formed West Berlin, while the Soviet sector formed East Berlin.
All four allies retained shared responsibility for Berlin. However, the growing political differences between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union led the latter, which controlled the territory surrounding Berlin, to impose the Berlin Blockade, an economic blockade of West Berlin. The allies successfully overcame the Blockade by airlifting food and other supplies into the city from 24 June 1948 to 11 May 1949. In 1949 the Federal Republic of Germany was founded in West Germany, while the Marxist-Leninist German Democratic Republic was proclaimed in East Germany.
The founding of the two German states increased Cold War tensions. West Berlin was surrounded by East German territory. East Germany, however, proclaimed East Berlin (which it described only as "Berlin") as its capital, a move that was not recognized by the western powers. Although half the size and population of West Berlin, it included most of the historic centre. The tensions between east and west culminated in the construction of Berlin Wall between East and West Berlin and other barriers around West Berlin by the East Germany on 13 August 1961 and were exacerbated by a tank standoff at Checkpoint Charlie on 27 October 1961. West Berlin was now de facto a part of West Germany with a unique legal status, while East Berlin was de facto a part of East Germany.
Berlin was completely separated. It was possible for Westerners to pass from one to the other only through strictly controlled checkpoints. For most Easterners, travel to West Berlin or West Germany was no longer possible. In 1971, a Four-Power agreement guaranteed access across East Germany to West Berlin and ended the potential for harassment or closure of the routes.
In 1989 pressure from the East German population brought a transition to democracy in East Germany, and its citizens gained free access across the Berlin Wall, which was subsequently mostly demolished. Not much is left of it today; the East Side Gallery in Friedrichshain near the Oberbaumbrücke over the Spree preserves a portion of the Wall. In 1990 the two parts of Germany were reunified as the Federal Republic of Germany, and Berlin became the German capital according to the unification treaty. In 1999 the German parliament and government began their work in Berlin.
Geography
Berlin is located in eastern Germany, about 110 kilometers (65 miles) west of the border with Poland. Berlin's landscape was shaped by ice sheets during the last ice age. The city centre lies along the river Spree in the Berlin-Warsaw Urstromtal (ancient river valley), formed by water flowing from melting ice sheets at the end of the last Ice Age. The Urstromtal lies between the low Barnim plateau to the north, and the Teltow plateau to the south. In Spandau, Berlin's westernmost borough, the Spree meets the river Havel, which flows from north to south through western Berlin. The course of the Havel is more like a chain of lakes, the largest being the Tegeler See and Großer Wannsee. A series of lakes also feeds into the upper Spree, which flows through the Großer Müggelsee in eastern Berlin.
Substantial parts of present-day Berlin extend onto the low plateaus on both sides of the Spree Valley. Large parts of the boroughs Reinickendorf and Pankow lie on the Barnim plateau, while most of the boroughs Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Tempelhof-Schöneberg, and Neukölln lie on the Teltow plateau. The borough of Spandau lies partly within the Berlin Urstromtal and partly on the Nauen Plain, which stretches to the west of Berlin. The highest elevations in Berlin are the Teufelsberg in the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf and the Müggelberge in the borough of Treptow-Köpenick. Both hills have an elevation of about 115 meters (377 feet). The Teufelsberg is in fact an artificial pile of rubble from the ruins of World War II.
Climate
Berlin has a temperate/mesothermal climate (Cfb) according to the Köppen climate classification system. The mean annual temperature for Berlin-Dahlem (a location within Steglitz-Zehlendorf) is 9.4 °C (48.9 °F) and its mean annual precipitation totals 578 mm (22.8 inches). The warmest months are June, July, and August, with mean temperatures of 16.7 to 17.9°C (62.1 to 64.2°F). The coldest are December, January, and February, with mean temperatures of −0.4 to 1.2°C (31.3 to 34.2°F). Berlin's built-up area creates a microclimate, with heat stored by the city's buildings. Temperatures can be 4°C higher in the city than in the surrounding areas.
Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Mean daily maximum temperature (°C) 2.9 4.2 8.5 13.2 18.9 21.6 23.7 23.6 18.8 13.4 7.1 4.4 Mean daily minimum temperature (°C) −1.9 −1.5 −1.3 4.2 9.0 12.3 14.3 14.1 10.6 6.4 2.2 −0.4 Mean total rainfall (mm) 42.3 33.3 40.5 37.1 53.8 68.7 55.5 58.2 45.1 37.3 43.6 55.3 Mean number of rain days 10.0 8.0 9.1 7.8 8.9 9.8 8.4 7.9 7.8 7.6 9.6 11.4
Cityscape
The city's appearance today is predominantly shaped by the key role it played in Germany's history in the 20th century. Each of the national governments based in Berlin—the 1871 German Empire, the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, East Germany, and now the reunified Germany—initiated ambitious construction programs, each with its own distinctive character. Berlin was devastated by bombing raids during World War II, and many of the old buildings that escaped the bombs were eradicated in the 1950s and 1960s in both West and East. Much of this destruction was initiated by municipal architecture programs, to build new residential or business quarters and main roads. Berlin's unique recent history has left the city with an eclectic array of architecture and sights.
Neighborhoods still reveal whether one is in the former eastern or western part of the city. In the eastern part, many Plattenbauten can be found, reminders of Eastern Bloc ambitions to create complete residential areas with fixed ratios of shops, kindergartens and schools. Another difference between former east and west is in the design of little red and green men on pedestrian crossing lights ( Ampelmännchen in German); the eastern versions received an opt-out during the standardization of road traffic signs after re-unification, and have survived to become a popular icon in tourist products. However, they are by now common in western Berlin too and so can no longer be considered a uniquely East Berlin phenomenon.
Urban centers
The Brandenburg Gate is a world-wide known symbol of Berlin, and nowadays of Germany. It also appears on German euro coins. The Reichstag building is the traditional seat of the German Parliament, renovated in the 1950s after severe World War II damage. The building was again remodeled by Norman Foster in the 1990s and features a glass dome over the session area, which is open to the public and allows parliamentarians to be viewed from above.
Gendarmenmarkt, a neoclassical square in Berlin whose name dates back to the Napoleonic occupation of Berlin, is bordered by two similarly designed cathedrals, the French Cathedral with its observation platform and the German Cathedral. The Konzerthaus (Concert Hall), home of the Berlin Symphony Orchestra, stands between the two cathedrals.
The Berliner Dom, a Protestant cathedral and the third church on this site, is located on the Spree Island across from the site of the Berliner Stadtschloss and adjacent to the Lustgarten. A large crypt houses the remains of some of the earlier Prussian royal family. The Cathedral of St. Hedwig is Berlin's Roman Catholic cathedral.
The Nikolaiviertel is the historical core of Berlin. Its church dates from the 13th century. This area was much remodeled during the East German period and although not authentic, has become a busy tourist site. Adjacent to this area is the Rotes Rathaus (Red City Hall) with its distinctive red-brick architecture. The previously built-up part in front of it, is the Neptunbrunnen, a fountain featuring a mythological scene.
West of the centre, Schloss Bellevue is the residence of the German President. Schloss Charlottenburg, which was burnt out in the Second World War and largely destroyed, has been rebuilt and is the largest surviving historical palace in Berlin.
The Fernsehturm (TV tower) at Alexanderplatz in Mitte is the highest building in the city at 368 m. Built in 1969 it is visible throughout most of the central districts of Berlin. The city can be viewed from its 204-m high observation platform. Starting here the Karl-Marx-Allee is heading east, a boulevard lined by monumental resident buildings, designed in the Socialist Classicism Style of the Stalin era.
The East Side Gallery is an open-air exhibition of art painted directly on the last parts of the Berlin Wall. It is the largest still existing evidence of the city's historical division.
Unter den Linden is a tree lined east-west avenue from the Brandenburg Gate to the site of the former Berliner Stadtschloss, it was Berlin's premier promenade. Many Classical buildings line the street and a part of Humboldt University is located there. Berlin's legendary street of the Roaring Twenties is the Friedrichstraße, it combines twentieth Century tradition with the modern architecture of today's Berlin.
Potsdamer Platz is an entire quarter built from scratch after 1995 and was not rebuilt as it was divided by the Wall. To the West of Potsdamer Platz is the Kulturforum, which houses the Gemäldegalerie, and is flanked by the Neue Nationalgalerie and the Philharmonie. The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe a Holocaust memorial is situated to the north.
The area around Hackescher Markt is home to the fashionable culture, with countless clothing outlets, clubs, bars, and galleries. This includes the Hackesche Höfe, a conglomeration of buildings around several courtyards, reconstructed around 1996. Oranienburger Straße and the nearby New Synagogue were the centre of Jewish culture before 1933, and regains being it today.
The Rathaus Schöneberg, where John F. Kennedy made his famous " Ich bin ein Berliner!" speech is situated in Tempelhof-Schöneberg.
The Kurfürstendamm is the home of Berlin's luxury stores with the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche at its eastern end on Breitscheidplatz.The church was destroyed in World War II and left in ruins as a reminder of the horrors of war. Near by on Tauentzienstraße is KaDeWe, claimed to be continental Europe's largest department store.
The Straße des 17. Juni, another East-West avenue connecting the Brandenburg Gate and Ernst-Reuter-Platz, was extensively widened during the Nazi period as part of the East-West-Axis. Its current name commemorates the uprisings in East Berlin of 17 June 1953. Approximately half-way from the Brandenburg Gate is the Großer Stern, a circular traffic island on which the Siegessäule (Victory Column) is situated. The monument was built to Prussia's victories and was relocated in 1938–39 from its previous position in front of the Reichstag. The site is annually used to be the centre stage for the Love Parade.
Weißensee Cemetery is the largest Jewish cemetery in Europe. The writers Micha Josef Berdyczewski and Stefan Heym as well as the philosopher Hermann Cohen are buried there. Städtischer Friedhof III in Friedenau is the final resting place of Marlene Dietrich as well as composer Ferruccio Busoni and photographer Helmut Newton.
Government
Berlin is the national capital of the Federal Republic of Germany and is the seat of the President of Germany, whose official residence is Schloss Bellevue. Since German reunification on 3 October 1990 it has been one of the three city states, together with Hamburg and Bremen, among the present sixteen states of Germany. The Bundesrat ("federal council") is the representation of the Federal States (Bundesländer) of Germany and has its seat at the former Prussian Herrenhaus (House of Lords). Though most of the ministries are seated in Berlin, some of them, as well as some minor departments, are seated in Bonn, the former capital of West Germany.
City state
The city and state parliament is the House of Representatives (Abgeordnetenhaus), which currently has 141 seats. Berlin's executive body is the Senate of Berlin (Senat von Berlin). The Senate of Berlin consists of the Governing Mayor (Regierender Bürgermeister) and up to eight senators holding ministerial positions, one of them holding the official title "Mayor" (Bürgermeister) as deputy to the Governing Mayor. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) and Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) took control of the city government after the 2001 state election and won another term in the 2006 state election.
The Governing Mayor is simultaneously lord mayor of the city (Oberbürgermeister der Stadt) and prime minister of the federal state (Ministerpräsident des Bundeslandes). The office of Berlin's governing mayor is in the Rotes Rathaus (Red City Hall). Presently (April 2006), this office is held by Klaus Wowereit of the SPD. The city's government is based on a coalition between the SPD and Die Linke. PDS, a party formed by a merger of the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) (the successor to the former East German communist party), which renamed itself in 2005 for cooperation with the Labor and Social Justice Party.
Mainly due to reunification-related expenditures, Berlin as a German state has accumulated more debt than any other city in Germany, with the most current estimate being €61.2 billion.
Subdivisions
Berlin is subdivided into twelve boroughs (Bezirke), but before Berlin's 2001 administrative reform there were 23. Each borough is subdivided into a number of localities (Stadtteile), which represent the traditional urbanized areas that inhabitants identify with. Some of these have been rearranged several times over the years. At present the city of Berlin consists of 96 such localities. The localities often consist of a number of city neighborhoods (usually called Kiez in colloquial German) representing small residential areas.
Each borough is governed by a borough council (Bezirksamt) consisting of five councilors (Bezirksstadträte) and a borough mayor (Bezirksbürgermeister). The borough council is elected by the borough assembly (Bezirksverordnetenversammlung). The boroughs of Berlin are not independent municipalities. The power of borough governments is limited and subordinate to the Senate of Berlin. The borough mayors form the Council of Mayors (Rat der Bürgermeister), led by the city's Governing Mayor, which advises the Senate.
The localities have no government bodies of their own, even though most of the localities have historic roots in older municipalities that predate the formation of Greater Berlin on 1 October 1920. The subsequent position of locality representative (Ortsvorsteher) was discontinued in favour of borough mayors.
Sister cities
Town twinning between Berlin and other cities began in 1987, excluding that with Los Angeles which began in 1967. East Berlin's partnerships were canceled at the time of German reunification and later partially reestablished. West Berlin's partnerships had previously been restricted to the borough level. During the Cold War era, the partnerships had reflected the different powers blocs, with West Berlin partnering with capitals in the West, and East Berlin mostly partnering with cities from the Warsaw Pact and its allies.
- Los Angeles, USA (1967)
- Paris, France (1987)
- Madrid, Spain (1988)
- Istanbul, Turkey (1989)
- Moscow, Russia (1990)
- Warsaw, Poland (1991)
- Budapest, Hungary (1991)
- Brussels, Belgium (1992)
- Jakarta, Indonesia (1993)
- Tashkent, Uzbekistan (1993)
- Mexico City, Mexico (1993)
- Beijing, the PR China (1994)
- Tokyo, Japan (1994)
- Buenos Aires, Argentina (1994)
- Prague, Czech Republic (1995)
- Windhoek, Namibia (2000)
- London, United Kingdom (2000)
Demographics
Berlin is the seventh-largest urban area in the European Union, and approximately the 80th-largest urban area in the world. As of June 2006, Berlin has 3,399,511 inhabitants in an area of 891.82 square kilometers (344.31 mi²). Thus, the population density of the region amounts to 3,812 inhabitants per square kilometer (9,857/square mile). Berlin residents' average age is 41.9 years (as of 2004) compared to Germany's 42.1 years (as of 2005).
As of September 2006, almost 464,000 (13.7%) residents are of foreign nationality, coming from 183 different countries. The largest groups by nationality are citizens from Turkey (117,736), Poland (40,787), Serbia & Montenegro (24,757), Russia (14,005), Italy (13,804), United States (12,556), France (11,517), Croatia (11,517), Vietnam (11,298), Greece (10,134).
As of 2005, the largest religious groupings are No religion 60%, Evangelical 23% (757,000), Roman Catholic 9% (312,000), Muslim 6% (213,000), Jewish 0.4% (12,000) .
Economy
Before the reunification of Germany and the two Berlin parts in 1990, the city of West Berlin received substantial subsidies from the West German state to compensate for its geographic isolation from West Germany. Many of those subsidies were phased out after 1990. The reduced financial support for the city and its gradual economic decline have produced fiscal difficulties for Berlin's city government and forced it to cut funding for various programs. The current unemployment rate remains therefore above the German average at 16.5% as of October 2006.
The gross state product of Berlin totaled €79.6 ($95.5) billion in 2005 and compares with €77.4 billion in 1995. Among the 20 largest employers are the railway company Deutsche Bahn AG, the hospital company Charité, Siemens, the local public transport company BVG, the service provider Dussmann and the Piepenbrock Group. DaimlerChrysler manufactures cars and BMW motorcycles in Berlin. BayerSchering Pharma and Berlin Chemie are major pharmaceutical companies headquartered in the city. The Science and Business Park of Berlin-Adlershof is is among the 15 biggest scientific and technological parks world-wide and expanding model in modern city planning.
Core and fast-growing sectors are communications, life sciences, mobility and services with information and communication technologies, media and music, advertising and design, biotechnology and environmental services, transportation and medical engineering. The city of Berlin is among the top five congress cities in the world and is home to Europe's biggest convention centre in the form of the Internationales Congress Centrum (ICC). It contributes to the rapidly increasing tourism sector which numbered 14.6 million overnight guests and more than 120 million one-day visitors in 2005, making the city the third most visited city in the European Union.
Area in km² Population in million GDP total in billion € / $ GDP per capita in € / $ Berlin 892 3.39 € 79 / $ 94 € 23 205 / $ 27 846 Brandenburg 29 478 2.57 € 47 / $ 57 € 18 334 / $ 22 001 Germany 357 050 82.69 € 2 164 / $ 2 597 € 26 217 / $ 31 460 EU25 3 976 372 457.51 € 9 953 / $ 11 944 € 21 741 / $ 26 089
The Euro / Dollar currency relation is estimated at (€:$ , 1:1.2)
Education
The Berlin capital region is one of Europe's most prolific centers of higher education and research. With four universities, numerous private, professional and technical colleges ( Fachhochschulen), offering students a wide range of disciplines.
Around 140,000 students attend the universities and professional or technical colleges. The three largest universities alone account for around 110,000 students. These are the Freie Universität Berlin (Free University of Berlin) with 40,840 students, the Humboldt Universität zu Berlin with 36,423 students, and the Technische Universität Berlin with 31,547 students. The Universität der Künste has about 4,300 students.
The city has a high concentration of research institutions, such as Fraunhofer-, and Max Planck Society, which are independent of, or only loosely connected to its universities. A total number of 62,000 scientists are working in research and development.
In addition to the libraries affiliated with the various universities, the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin is a major research library. It has two main locations, one near Potsdamer Platz on Potsdamer Straße and one on Unter den Linden. There are 108 public libraries to be found in the city.
Berlin has 878 schools teaching 340,658 children in 13,727 classes (for 2004/2005) and 56,787 trainees in businesses and elsewhere. The city has a six-year primary education program. After completing primary school, students progress to one of four types of secondary school for six further years: Hauptschule, Realschule, Gymnasium, or Gesamtschule.
Berlin has a unique bilingual school program embedded in the 'Europaschule'. Children get taught the curriculum in German and a foreign language starting in grammar school and later in secondary school. Throughout nearly all cityboroughs a range of 9 major European languages in 29 schools can be chosen. One of them the Französisches Gymnasium Berlin, which was founded in 1689 for the benefit of Huguenot refugees, offers (German/French) instruction. Among its former students is Wernher von Braun.
Culture
Berlin is noted for its numerous cultural institutions, many of which enjoy international reputation. The cultural diversity and tolerance remain from the time when West Berlin took pride in its role as a "free city" with the motto "something for everyone."
Berlin has a rich art scene, and it is home to hundreds of art galleries. The city is host to the Art Forum annual international art fair. Young Germans and international artists continue to settle in the city, and Berlin has established itself as a centre of youth and popular culture in Europe. Signs of this expanding role were the 2003 announcement that the annual Popkomm, Europe's largest music industry convention, would move to Berlin after 15 years in Cologne. Shortly thereafter, the Universal Music Group and MTV also decided to move its European headquarters and main studios to the banks of the River Spree in Friedrichshain. Since 2005, Berlin has been listed as a UNESCO City of Design.
Nightlife, festivals
Berlin has one of the most diverse and vibrant nightlife scenes in Europe. After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 many buildings in Mitte, the former city centre of East Berlin were renovated. Many had not been rebuilt since World War II. Illegally occupied by young people, they became a fertile ground for all sorts of underground and counter-culture gatherings. It is also home to many nightclubs, including Kunst Haus Tacheles, techno clubs Tresor, WMF, Ufo, E-Werk, the infamous Kitkatclub and Berghain.
Former West Berlin was also home to several well-known nightclubs. SO36 in Kreuzberg originally focused largely on punk music but today has become a popular venue for dances and parties of all kinds. SOUND, located from 1971 to 1988 in Tiergarten and today in Charlottenburg, gained notoriety in the late 1970s for its popularity with heroin users and other drug addicts as described in Christiane F.'s book Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo. The Linientreu, near the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, has been well known since the 1990s for techno music. The LaBelle discotheque in Friedenau became famous as the location of the 1986 Berlin discotheque bombing.
Berlin's annual Karneval der Kulturen, a multi-ethnic street parade, and Christopher Street Day celebrations, Central Europe's largest gay-lesbian pride event, are openly supported by the city's government. Berlin is also well known for the techno carnival Love Parade and the cultural festival Berliner Festspiele, which include the jazz festival JazzFest Berlin.
Museums, galleries
Berlin is home to 153 museums. The ensemble on the Museum Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is situated in the northern part of the Spree Island between the Spree and the Kupfergraben. As early as 1841 it was designated a “district dedicated to art and antiquities” by a royal decree. Subsequently, the Altes Museum (Old Museum) in the Lustgarten displaying the bust of Queen Nefertiti, and the Neues Museum (New Museum), Alte Nationalgalerie (Old National Gallery), Pergamon Museum, and Bode Museum were built there. While these buildings once housed distinct collections, the names of the buildings no longer necessarily correspond to the names of the collections they house.
Apart from the Museum Island, there is a wide variety of museums. The Gemäldegalerie (Painting Gallery) focuses on the paintings of the "old masters" from the 13th to the 18th centuries, while the Neue Nationalgalerie (New National Gallery, built by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe) specializes in 20th-century European painting. In spring 2006, the expanded Deutsches Historisches Museum re-opened in the Zeughaus with an overview of German history through the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. The Bauhaus Archiv is an architecture museum. The Jewish Museum has a standing exhibition on 2,000 years of German-Jewish history. The Egyptian Museum of Berlin, across the street from Charlottenburg Palace, is home to one of the world's most important collections of Ancient Egyptian artifacts. The German Museum of Technology in Kreuzberg has a large collection of historical technical artifacts. The Humboldt Museum of Natural History near Berlin Hauptbahnhof has the largest mounted dinosaur in the world, and the best preserved specimen of an archaeopteryx.
In Dahlem, there are several museums of world art and culture, such as the Museum of Indian Art, the Museum of East Asian Art, the Ethnological Museum, the Museum of European Cultures, as well as the Allied Museum (a museum of the Cold War), the Brücke Museum (an art museum). In Lichtenberg, on the grounds of the former East German Ministry for State Security ( Stasi), is the Stasi Museum. Checkpoint Charlie, remains the site and a museum about one of the crossing points in the Berlin Wall. The museum, which is a private venture, exhibits a comprehensive array of material about people who devised ingenious plans to flee the East. The Beate Uhse Erotic Museum near Zoo Station claims to be the world's largest erotic museum.
Performing arts
Berlin is home to more than 50 theaters. The Deutsches Theatre in Mitte was built in 1849–50 and has operated continuously since then except for a one-year break (1944–45) due to World War II. The Volksbühne on Rosa Luxemburg Platz was built in 1913–14, though the company had been founded already in 1890. The Berliner Ensemble, famous for performing the works of Bertolt Brecht, was established in 1949 not far from the Deutsches Theatre. The Schaubühne was founded in 1962 in a building in Kreuzberg, but moved in 1981 to the building of the former Universum Cinema on Kurfürstendamm.
Berlin has three major opera houses: the Deutsche Oper, the Berlin State Opera, and the Komische Oper. The Berlin State Opera on Unter den Linden is the oldest; it opened in 1742. Its current musical director is Daniel Barenboim. The Komische Oper, which has traditionally specialized in operettas, is located not far from the State Opera just off Unter den Linden. It originally opened in 1892 as a theatre and has been operating under its current name since 1947. The Deutsche Oper opened in 1912 in Charlottenburg. During the division of the city from 1961 to 1989 it was the only major opera house in West Berlin.
There are seven symphony orchestras in Berlin. The Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra is one of the preeminent orchestras in the world; it is housed in the Berliner Philharmonie near Potsdamer Platz on a street named for the orchestra's longest-serving conductor, Herbert von Karajan. The current principal conductor is Simon Rattle, who took over in 2002 from Karajan's successor, Claudio Abbado. The Konzerthausorchester Berlin was founded in 1952 as the orchestra for East Berlin, since the Philharmonic was based in West Berlin. Its current principal conductor is Lothar Zagrosek.
The Haus der Kulturen der Welt is presenting various exhibitions dealing with intercultural issues and stages world music and conferences.
Recreation
Zoologischer Garten Berlin, the older of the two zoos in the city, was founded in 1844, and presents the most diverse range of species in the world. Tierpark Friedrichsfelde, founded in 1955 in the grounds of Schloss Friedrichsfelde in the Borough of Lichtenberg, is Europe's largest zoo in terms of square meters.
Berlin's botanical gardens include the Botanic Museum Berlin, the largest botanical garden in Europe. Tiergarten is Berlin's largest park and was designed by Peter Joseph Lenné. In Kreuzberg the Viktoriapark provides a good viewing point over the southern part of inner city Berlin. Treptower Park beside the Spree in Treptow has a monument honoring the Soviet soldiers killed in the 1945 Battle of Berlin. The Volkspark in Friedrichshain, which opened in 1848, is the oldest park in the city. Its summit is man-made and covers a World War II bunker and rubble from the ruins of the city; at its foot is Germany's main memorial to Polish soldiers.
Sports
Berlin hosted the 1936 Olympics and was the host city for the 2006 FIFA World Cup Final. The annual Berlin Marathon and the annual Golden League event ISTAF for athletics are also held here. The WTA Tour holds the Qatar Total German Open annually in the city. Founded in 1896, it is one of the oldest tennis tournaments for women. The FIVB World Tour has chosen an inner-city site near Alexanderplatz to present a beach volleyball Grand Slam every year.
Berlin is home to Hertha BSC Berlin, a football team in the Bundesliga, and the basketball team ALBA Berlin (known as the "Berlin Albatrosses"), which won the national championships every year from 1997 to 2003. Berlin is also home to the American football team Berlin Thunder of NFL Europe as well as the Eisbären Berlin of the German Ice Hockey League, an ice hockey team which was founded in the East German era.
Club Sport Founded League Venue Head Coach Hertha BSC Berlin Soccer 1892 Bundesliga Olympiastadion Falko Götz 1. FC Union Berlin Soccer 1966 Regionalliga Nord Alte Försterei Christian Schreier ALBA Berlin Basketball 1991 BBL Max-Schmeling-Halle Henrik Rödl Eisbären Berlin Ice hockey 1954 DEL Wellblechpalast Pierre Pagé Berlin Thunder American football 1999 NFL Europe Olympiastadion Rick Lantz SCC Berlin Volleyball 1911 DVB Sporthalle Charlottenburg Michael Warm
Infrastructure
Berlin developed a complex transportation and energy-supply infrastructure before World War II. After the war, West Berlin was cut off from the surrounding territory and had to develop independent infrastructures. Meanwhile, the government of East Germany purposely constructed rail lines and highways that allowed traffic to bypass West Berlin. The political reunification of East and West Berlin has led to the reintegration of Berlin's transportation and energy-supply with the infrastructures of the surrounding region. Crossing 979 bridges, 5334 kilometers of roads run through Berlin, of which 66 kilometers are motorways. In 2004, 1.428 million motor vehicles, including 6800 taxis, were registered in the city.Long-distance rail lines connect Berlin with all of the major cities of Germany and with many cities in neighboring European countries. Regional rail lines provide access to the surrounding region of Brandenburg and eastern Germany.
Transportation
Public transport within Berlin is provided by the S-Bahn (331.5 km net length/ 356.8 million passengers in 2005) —operated by S-Bahn Berlin GmbH—and by the U-Bahn (144.2 km/ 456.8 million), Straßenbahn (187.7 km/ 171.3 million), Bus (1626 km/ 407.1 million), and ferries—operated by the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe, or BVG. The S-Bahn is a mostly overground urban railway system. The U-Bahn is the city's mainly underground rail, metro or subway system. The Straßenbahn or tram (trolley) system that operates almost exclusively in the eastern part of the city. Buses provide extensive service linking outlying districts with the city centre and to the U-Bahn and S-Bahn. Almost all means of public transport—U- & S- Bahn, trams, buses and most ferries—can be accessed with the same ticket. There is usually no need to show or scan one's ticket, except on buses; however, plainclothes transit authorities officials frequently conduct random checks in which they board a vehicle and demand that everyone on board show their ticket. Anyone who does not produce a valid ticket is given a 40-euro fine.
The inner city is crossed from west to east by the elevated main line (Stadtbahn), which carries S-Bahn trains as well as regional and long-distance trains. This main line passes through most of the city's long-distance and regional train stations, including Berlin-Charlottenburg, Berlin Zoologischer Garten, Berlin Hauptbahnhof, Friedrichstraße, Alexanderplatz, and Berlin Ostbahnhof.
The second component of Berlin's rail network is the S-Bahn ring (Ringbahn) that forms a circle around the inner city and crosses the main line at Westkreuz (“west crossing”) and Ostkreuz (“east crossing”). A number of regional and regional express lines connect Berlin with the surrounding region. The city is also served by the freight rail yard at Seddin, south of Potsdam.There are useful online resources for getting around Berlin using public transport, such as the route planner or a map of the current public transport network.
Berlin has three commercial airports— Tegel International Airport (TXL), Tempelhof International Airport (THF), and Schönefeld International Airport (SXF) serving 155 destinations (07/2006)- 118 of them in Europe. Schönefeld lies just outside Berlin's south-eastern border in the state of Brandenburg, while the other two airports lie within the city. Tempelhof handles only short-distance and commuter flights, and there are plans to close the airport and transfer its traffic to Berlin's other two airports. There are longer-term plans to close Tegel as well. Schönefeld is currently undergoing expansion. Berlin's airport authority aims to transfer all of Berlin's air traffic in 2011 to a greatly expanded airport at Schönefeld, to be renamed Berlin Brandenburg International Airport.
Utilities
During the division of Berlin, the power grid of West Berlin was cut off from the power grid of the surrounding area in East Germany. West Berlin's electricity supply was provided by thermal power stations. To facilitate buffering during load peaks, accumulators were installed during the 1980s at some of these power stations. These were connected by static inverters to the power grid and were loaded during times of low power consumption and unloaded during times of high consumption. In 1993 the power connections to the surrounding areas (previously in East Germany) which had been capped in 1951 were restored. In the western districts of Berlin nearly all power lines are underground cables—only a 380 kV and a 110 kV line, which run from Reuter substation to the urban Autobahn, use overhead lines. The Berlin 380 kV electric line was constructed when West Berlin's electrical system was a totally independent system and not connected to those of East or West Germany. This has now become the backbone of the whole city's power system.
Berlin's power supply is mainly, although not exclusively, provided by the Swedish firm Vattenfall. The company has come under criticism for relying more heavily than other electricity producers in Germany on lignite as an energy source, because burning lignite produces harmful emissions. However, Vattenfall has announced a commitment to shift towards reliance on cleaner, renewable energy sources.
Berlin quotations
" Ich bin ein Berliner." ("I am a citizen of Berlin")
(John F. Kennedy, President of the USA, 1963 while visiting Berlin)
"Berlin ist arm, aber sexy." ("Berlin is poor, but sexy.")
( Klaus Wowereit, Governing Mayor, in a press interview, 2003)
"Ihr Völker der Welt ... schaut auf diese Stadt!" ("Peoples of the world ... look at this city!")
(Ernst Reuter, Governing Mayor, in a speech during the Berlin blockade, 1948)
"Ich hab noch einen Koffer in Berlin" ("I keep another suitcase in Berlin")
( Marlene Dietrich, song by the actress and singer born in Berlin- Schöneberg)
"“Berlin ist eine Stadt, verdammt dazu, ewig zu werden, niemals zu sein” ("Berlin is a city condemned forever to becoming and never being.")
(Karl Scheffler, author of Berlin: Ein Stadtschicksal, 1910)
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fileadmin/sf_website/template/img/favicon.ico
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https://www.sunflower-hostel.de/en/info/berlin-info.html
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848
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dbpedia
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2
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https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2012/9/5/famed-berlin-art-gallery-fades-away
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en
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Famed Berlin art gallery fades away
|
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[
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"Asia Pacific",
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[
"Andrew Coombes"
] |
2012-09-05T00:00:00
|
Artists and sculptors lament loss of creative space as centre is forced to close by new owners of building.
|
en
|
/favicon_aje.ico
|
Al Jazeera
|
https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2012/9/5/famed-berlin-art-gallery-fades-away
|
Berlin has an illustrious relationship with art. In the early decades of the last century, artists including Vassily Kandinsky and Paul Klee came from all over Europe. They quarrelled, bantered and shared drinks in the Café des Westens and the Romanisches Café, both now extinct. Painters, sculptors, poets and actors grouped under the Dada movement found Berlin a fertile ground for producing works that examined the horrors of the Great War and the challenges facing Europe in the aftermath of one of the bloodiest conflicts in history.
Art still defines this city. Every year millions of tourists file in and out of gallery exhibitions on Museum Island, taking in everything from the reconstructed ancient altar of Pergamon to impressionist works by Manet and Renoir. With Berlin being a flat and walkable city, thousands of those same visitors then wander towards Oranienburger Strasse in the Mitte district.
Until September 3, they would have chanced upon Kunsthaus Tacheles, an independent arts centre based in the bombed-out remnants of a Jewish department store which was used by the German SS during World War II. Tacheles (a Yiddish word meaning “straight-talking”) moved into the pock-marked building three months after the fall of the Berlin Wall, and took root. Every day artists in residence allowed hundreds of curious visitors inside, explaining their work while people took photos of the walls and ceilings plastered with posters and cracking acrylic paint.
Eviction
Now the painters, sculptors and performance artists of the self-financing collective have been thrown out. On September 4, bailiffs acting on behalf of the bank that owns the building moved in, accompanied by police officers. One by one, the 40 Tacheles artists inside filed out, some carrying the final canvases they produced in the house. A throng of people stood outside the building in solidarity with the artists, but there was no fight or bitter sloganeering – only a sombre recognition that the Kunsthaus is no more.
“I cannot say so much. This is just too much,” one young artist said, shaking his head as he watched the camera crews swarm around the front door.
Martin Reiter is the director of Tacheles [Andrew Coombes/Al Jazeera]
For Martin Reiter, director of Tacheles, the eviction is a depressing denouement to the storied history of the house. He says thousands of artists and visitors alike have benefitted from the space and that the eviction amounts to what he calls a kunstraub – art heist.
“This is a house of arts production and it’s not been under anyone’s control for the last 22 years. That means there is no official neo-liberal cultural management,” he says.
“It’s not corporatised and the art market is not ruling the aesthetics of what the artists are doing. Therefore, this is a problem for the established scene as well, so that’s why they want to evict us at any cost.”
The battle by Tacheles to stay in the house intensified when a 10-year lease with the now-bankrupt Fundus group expired in 2008. Three years later, the new owner HSH Nordbank paid 1m euros ($1.25m) to buy out 80 occupants of the building. The Zapata nightclub inside the building closed down after that deal – the fire-breathing metal dragon above the bar belched his last flame in April 2011.
But Tacheles clung doggedly to the space it considered a symbol of community and self-reliance in a city where many long-term residents have bitterly complained about the tide of gentrification. While the bank took its case to the courts, artists came from all over the world to take advantage of the space on offer and share their knowledge.
‘Great loss’
Wilko is one of the artists evicted by the bailiffs. He says many of the artists working at Tacheles will find it difficult to make a living from their art now that they no longer have studio space. “This is a great loss for the arts scene and for Berlin. There were at least 500,000 visitors here annually. We are well known across the world. Even in China, artists demonstrated to maintain this house,” he says.
“This was more than an art house. In the nights there were parties; it was open 24 hours. It was interesting in particular to Alexander, as he comes from Minsk and he is not used to talking to people from Japan and the United States and Italy and France, all in one day.”
Wilko is referring to Alexander Rodin, a Belarusian avant-garde painter and performance artist who a few feet away is pounding out atonal chords on the most elderly of baby grand pianos.
“My colleague and I have been here only three months, but we organised festivals in support of Tacheles,” Wilko says. “One was called ‘Please Urinate Here’, because the security guards urinated on the sketchbooks of Alexander Rodin.”
Reiter shares Wilko’s distaste of the security guards who stood sentry on behalf of Nordbank in the last days of the art house. He says they monitored the artists’ every move and cared little for the art inside.
“The security acted in a military way – they destroyed Rodin’s pictures. They destroyed the whole exhibition of Amaru Cholango,” he says, referring to an Ecuadorean indigenous artist.
Relocating
Berlin’s Mitte district has changed dramatically since reunification in 1990. The district had been on the eastern side of the Berlin Wall and in the early 1990s it was a magnet for left-wing activists, anarchists, and punks.
That’s changed. Sweeping down from the Friedrichstrasse rail station towards Oranienburger Strasse and then along to the world-famous Alexanderplatz, Mitte is now home to chic cafes, expensive restaurants and boutique clothes stores. But Reiter says that while Kunsthaus Tacheles was unusual in the new and sanitised Mitte, it still helped boost trade in the district.
Wilko is one of the artists evicted by the bailiffs [Andrew Coombes/Al Jazeera]
“Over the last four weeks Tacheles has been closed to the public because the owners closed up the back door and only the artists are allowed to go in and out,” he says. “So we lost a lot of visitors to the exhibitions, and the owners of the restaurants and shops around here lost sixty per cent of their business. Tacheles has been a lighthouse for this area. It is a fixed point; if you come to Berlin you go to Museum Island to see the Pergamon and Bode Museum, and then you go to Tacheles.”
The artists of Tacheles say the collective will continue, even in such straitened circumstances. They are pooling their limited resources to ensure that everyone has studio space somewhere in Berlin. Reiter is considering moving most of the Tacheles operation to the southeastern district of Neukolln, itself a vibrant (although increasingly expensive) place for artists, writers and musicians.
As the final few artists shuffle out of the Kunsthaus Tacheles, a young Australian film-maker in a chocolate brown suit reflects on what Berlin is losing.
“I came here three months ago, to write an opera – then I found out about this place and that it is shutting down,” Liam Melaluka says.
“To me, this building is like the caves we see from thousands of years ago, where people have painted and left their marks. This is a building of living colour, where people are constantly creating. Even as I walked through here on the last day there were new pictures on the walls.”
He looks up at the empty building, which stands oddly mute for the first time in years. He sighs.
“For Berlin, for Germany and the wider world this was not an ancient cave where you were not allowed to paint. It was a place you were allowed to add to. Now that it is gone, where else can we paint? The sides of the streets, where police can arrest us?
“This wasn’t like an office space, where you can move to another building and take your PC. This was a place people put their heart into.”
|
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848
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dbpedia
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2
| 48
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https://getbybus.com/en/blog/berlin/
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en
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Berlin City Guide
|
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2022-05-17T08:00:00+00:00
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Plan your trip to Berlin, Germany - discover top sights, events and activities. Useful info on getting to Berlin, the best restaurants and accommodation
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en
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GetByBus Blog
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https://getbybus.com/en/blog/berlin/
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What was once a symbol of Cold war division is now an urban megalopolis. Berlin, Germany’s capital, is the European Union’s most populous city with 3.7 million inhabitants.
Since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of East and West, the city has grown into a thriving city full of people, high-tech industry, universities, nightclubs and many more. Plenty of historical and modern landmarks, cultural events and festivals, world-renowned museums and shopping locations attract millions of visitors each year.
For all these reasons, Berlin is now the third most visited city in Europe, after London and Paris.
Here’s everything you need to know to plan your perfect vacation in Berlin.
Getting to Berlin
Being the capital of Germany and due to its important geographical position, Berlin is well-connected with major cities from all over the world. As we mentioned, plenty of tourists come each year to visit the city with various transportation options.
Below we will give a short overview of popular ways for reaching Berlin.
By plane
Berlin Brandenburg Airport (BER) is a brand new international airport serving Berlin and Brandenburg state in Germany. The airport opened in 2020 and replaced the Tempelhof, Schönefeld, and Tegel airports which were getting old.
With a capacity of 46 million passengers per year, BER is set to become one of Europe’s busiest airports.
You can fly to BER from more than 150 destinations throughout the world, with 56 different airlines. Berlin is a focus city for a few low-cost airlines, such as RyanAir, EasyJet and Eurowings, which means that travelling to Berlin by plane is cheap and easy.
By bus
Reaching Berlin by bus is relatively effortless as Berlin is one of the most well-connected cities in Europe. You can find bus routes to Berlin from practically every major European city.
Berlin Central Bus Station, known as ZOB, is located in western Berlin, near the Berlin Radio Tower. Besides ZOB, there are plenty of other bus stops around the city such as Ostbahnhof, Alexanderplatz and Wannsee.
Popular bus routes from Berlin:
By train
Using rails is another convenient way to reach Berlin, especially if you are coming from western Europe. Germany and its neighbouring countries are well-connected by high-end trains. Trains in Europe are usually quite fast and comfortable, have plenty of legroom, free WiFi and sockets at all seats. Taking a train is also the most environmentally friendly way of reaching Germany’s capital, so consider this option if you want to protect nature.
Berlin’s Central Train Station, Hauptbahnhof is located in the heart of Berlin in the Moabit district. Many other train stations such as Alexanderplatz, Spandau and Ostbahnhof can be found around the city.
By car
Driving by yourself is neither the fastest nor the cheapest way to reach Berlin. However, if you decide to come by car you will have no problem with reaching Berlin as Germany’s highways are excellent.
Keep in mind that Berlin’s city centre is an environmental zone and you will need a special environmental badge to drive around. You can purchase the environmental badge at the vehicle testing centres or online for 6 EUR.
Getting around Berlin
Berlin is a huge metropolitan city with well-developed roads and public transportation infrastructure. Berliners proudly claim that no matter where you are, you can reach every part of the city in 45 minutes, and they are usually right.
If you plan on using public transportation, you should know that U-Bahn, S-Bahn, buses and trams are all part of the same network. This means that the tickets you purchase for one of them are valid for all. When it comes to the ticket price it depends on tariff zones and the duration of the ticket’s validity.
Berlin is divided into three tariff zones: AB, BC and ABC, with AB including Berlin’s urban centre, while ABC also includes surrounding areas such as Postdam and Brandenburg airport. Ticket options include single journey tickets, short-distance tickets, single-day tickets, and 7-day tickets. Make sure to validate your ticket at the entrance because if you don’t penalties are quite high.
Below we will give an overview of all of the common ways of moving around Berlin.
U- Bahn
The famous U-Bahn is the city’s subway system and one of the most popular transportation options for both tourists and locals. It is one of the most well-developed subway systems in the world, renowned for its efficiency and accessibility. U-Bahn network consists of 10 lines that run both underground and aboveground while effectively connecting every part of the city.
During the week, U-Bahn works from 4 am to 1 am, while during the weekend U-Bahn lines run all day and night. Trains are also quite frequent, they run every 3-5 minutes during the peak hours, every 10 minutes during the rest of the day, and every 15 minutes during the night.
S- Bahn
The main difference between the U-Bahn and S-Bahn is that S-Bahn is less frequent and has fewer stops, but covers longer distances faster than the U-Bahn.
For this reason, U-Bahn is the preferred choice in the city centre, while S-Bahn is the best option for reaching the city’s periphery and outskirts.
Trams
There are more than 20 tram lines in Berlin. As a consequence of division during the cold war, the trams mostly serve East Berlin where the subway system is not as developed as it is in West Berlin.
For visitors, the tram line M10 is particularly interesting. Close to the last station of M10 stands the longest remaining section of the Berlin Wall, nowadays known as the East Side Gallery.
Bus
In Berlin, where U-Bahn and trams don’t go, buses do. The Bus network of Berlin is extensive and with more than 300 lines it covers even the most remote areas of the city. Interestingly. Berlin’s bus network is the oldest one in Germany, dating back to the 19th century and horse carried buses.
For tourists, the lines to remember are double-decker buses 100 and 200. These hop-on/hop-off sightseeing buses are a great and inexpensive way to reach the city’s most important attractions such as Alexanderplatz, Museum Island, Brandenburg Gate and Reichstag.
Taxis & ridesharing
While most locals prefer to use public transport, taxis are readily available. Taxis in Berlin have yellowish “TAXI” roof signs and can be easily hailed around the city. The base fare is €3.90, with €2 per km for the first 7km, and €1.50 for every kilometre after that.
One thing to have in mind is “Kurzstrecke”, or the short distance taxi ride within a 2 km radius. For Kurzstrecke you will pay €5 no matter where you are, but you have to make it clear you want Kurzstrecke when entering a cab.
Ridesharing apps such as Uber and Bolt are also available around the city and are usually slightly cheaper than taxis.
Bikes
As in most of western Europe, bikes are among the most popular transportation options in Berlin. With over 600 km of cycling paths, it’s no surprise that many locals use bikes to commute to work.
For tourists, renting a bike in Berlin is a great way to explore the city leisurely. Often times renting a bike is possible at hostels and hotels, but the most common way is through bike-sharing apps such as NextBike and Lime.
Sights
Being such a large and historically important city, Berlin has many worthwhile attractions, but some of them stand out from the crowd. For this reason, we will write an introduction to Berlin’s top tourist attractions. If you have a limited time in Berlin, perhaps our 24 hours guide can help you in planning.
One thing we recommend if you want to have the best experience while sightseeing in Berlin Welcome Card. With Berlin Welcome Card, you can save time and money. The card gives you free public transport, discounts on numerous attractions and a free city guidebook, which includes a map of Berlin. The price of the Berlin Welcome Card starts from €24 but depends on the duration of validity and Berlin public transport tariff zones.
Berlin Wall
We will start the list with the Berlin Wall, the symbol of the Cold war and Berlin. Everyone who comes to Berlin should take some time and explore the remains of a wall that divided not only Berlin but the whole world in two.
First built in 1961, and expanded later on, to prevent people from fleeing East Berlin. The wall quickly became the symbol of a Cold War and for 28 years it separated friends and family members from seeing each other.
Berlin Wall fell in 1989 and since then most of it has been torn down, however, some parts still remain as a reminder of the past.
Where to see Berlin Wall remains?
The longest stretch of the wall still standing today is now an open-air art gallery. Eastside gallery, as it is called, is a 1.3km long stretch of wall covered in more than 100 graffiti from artists of various nationalities.
You can find The Berlin Wall Memorial on Bernauer Straße close to the city centre. Bernauer Straße became famous in 1961 because of the pictures of people jumping out of their windows to escape the communist regime. This is the only part of the wall fully preserved, with a border strip and watchtower from the 1980s.
If you are interested in the history of the wall and its consequences on the people of Berlin, you should visit Checkpoint Charlie Museum. The museum is filled with photographs and exhibitions about fascinating stories of people who escaped, or tried to escape across the wall.
Brandenburg gate
The most iconic building in Berlin has to be the famous Brandenburg gate. This 26-meters high gate was built between 1788 and 1791, designed by Carl Gotthard Langhans, and inspired by the gateway at the entrance to the Acropolis in Athens. In 1975, a signature chariot drawn by four horses called Quadriga was added to the top of the gate.
This monument was a site of major historical events such as Nazi and Napoleon parades, but today it stands as a symbol of European unity and peace.
It is located in the Mitte district in the city centre, only a block away from Reichstag.
Reichstag
Another monumental landmark of Berlin is the house of the German parliament, better known as the Reichstag. The building was constructed in 1894 and has gone through many tribulations since then. At the end of World War II, Reichstag was heavily damaged by the bombings. This sparked the debate about whether to restore it or demolish it, but in 1956 decision was made to restore it. However, at first, it was restored without its original dome.
In 1999, a new, large glass dome that offers a 360-degree view of the surrounding Berlin cityscape was constructed. Today, mostly because of the epic dome, Reichstag is the second most visited attraction in Germany, only behind the Cologne Cathedral. Entrance is free, but you will need a prior reservation if you wish to visit Reichstag and its dome.
Museum island
Museum-lovers rejoice! Located in the historic heart of Berlin, on the northern part of Spree Island is the Berlin Museum Island.
Museum Island is a UNESCO World Heritage site and complex of internationally significant museums. The complex was built from 1830 to 1930 under the order of Prussian kings, but new buildings are still added according to the plan.
Museum Island consists of the following museums:
The Altes Museum (Old Museum) – Antiquities collection from ancient Rome and Greece
The Neues Museum (New Museum) – a spectacular collection of Prehistoric and Early historical findings
The Alte Nationalgalerie (Old National Gallery) – exhibiting art from the 19th century to the 21st century
The Bode Museum – featuring sculptures, coins, medals and Byzantian art
The Pergamon Museum – the most visited museum on Museum Island, it has three areas: the Middle East, Islamic art and Antique
The Humboldt Forum – opened in 2020 inside the Berlin Palace, with exhibitions consisting of two former museums, the Ethnological Museum of Berlin and the Museum of Asian Art.
Charlottenburg Palace
This baroque palace from the end of the 17th century is certainly among the most impressive buildings in Berlin. The construction of the original palace was ordered by Sophie Charlottenburg, the wife of Friedrich I, but it has been expanded greatly during the 18th century.
Today, the Charlottenburg Palace complex is a major tourist attraction. The interiors of the palace are lavishly decorated in baroque style and rococo styles. Behind the palace, there is a large woodland area, which includes a beautiful garden, mausoleum, belvedere, a pavilion and a theatre.
Berlin TV tower
With its height of 368m, Fernsehturm is the tallest building in Germany and it can be seen from all over the city. Constructed during the 1960s by the German Democratic Republic, it was supposed to be the symbol of Communist power. However, after the reunification of Berlin, it became the symbol of reunited Berlin and the most iconic part of the Berlin skyline.
The main selling point of Fernsehturm is its spectacular 360-degrees panoramic view of Berlin.
Olympiastadion
More than a sports avenue, Olympiastadion is a part of history. Built for the 1936 Summer Olympic games, with an original capacity of more than 100,000, the stadium is now a home for Hertha BSC football club and has a capacity of 74,000. The stadium hosted numerous important football games, such as the 2006 FIFA World cup finals and the 2015 UEFA Champions League finals. In 2009, Usain Bolt broke the 100m and 200m world records at Olympiastadion. When there are no events, you can explore this monumental stadium and its facilities as a part of guided tours.
Activities
You could stay in Berlin for a year and still find new activities every day. Certainly among the most interesting cities in the world, there is no shortage of things to do in Berlin. Below we will mention some of the most noteworthy activities in Berlin.
Explore Tiergarten
Tiergarten is Berlin’s largest and most popular park and a perfect place for a break from the city’s traffic and fast-paced tempo.
Comparable with New York’s Central Park or London’s Hyde Park, Tiergarten offers many facilities open to the public. Within the park, you can find places suitable for picnics and barbecues, as well as for jogging, cycling and field sports. For children, there is a large playground, while adults can enjoy a coffee in one of the coffee shops. Victory Column, in the heart of a park, can be climbed for an amazing panoramic view of the park and surroundings. During winter, you can ice skate on a small lake called Neuer See and in the spring it’s beautiful inside the English Gardens. Berlin’s ZOO is also located within the Tiergarten.
Visit Berlin Zoological Garden
With more than 20,000 animals, from 1,000 animal species, Berlin Zoological Garden is one of the most species-rich zoos in the world.
Inside the ZOO you can find a variety of big cats, birds, apes, rhinos, hippos, penguins and many more. In past, Berlin ZOO was home to famous exotic animals such as Knut, the polar bear, Bobby, the gorilla and Bao Bao, the panda.
Unique experience within the ZOO is witnessing open-for-public animal feedings & training which happen throughout the day.
A part of a Zoological Garden complex is the Berlin Aquarium which hosts over 9,000 species of not only fish but also reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates.
With all of this being said, it’s no surprise that Berlin ZOO is the most visited ZOO in Europe.
Day trip to Potsdam
Of all of the possible day trips from Berlin, one stands out. Only half an hour south-west of Berlin lies the beautiful city of Potsdam.
In past, Potsdam used to be a residence of Prussian Kings, which is why it is filled with awe-inspiring palaces and royal parks. Actually, the palaces and parks of Potsdam have been declared UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999.
The most famous of all palaces is Sanssoucci which is often compared to French Versailles. Surrounding the palace are magnificent baroque flower gardens, vineyards, and greenhouses. On the western side of Sanssouci park is the grandiose New Palace, considered to be the last great Prussian baroque palace.
Besides Sanssouci, while in Potsdam, make sure to visit the Dutch Quarter, St. Nicholas Church and Brandenburg gate (not to be confused with the one in Berlin).
Boat tour on the river Spree
River Spree runs through the city’s centre and its calm waters are perfect for boat cruises. There are plenty of different boat cruises to choose from. They vary in length and duration, but mostly take the same route through the city centre and the Landwehr canal. The one we recommend is the romantic night cruise which starts at 9:30 pm and ends at midnight.
During the boat cruise, you will pass by plenty of Berlin landmarks such as the Berlin Cathedral and Museum Island. For us, the most idyllic and pleasurable part was passing through the Tiergarten.
Go to Deutsches Theatre or Opera
The cultural scene in Berlin is vibrant and exciting. There are more than 100 theatres, 8 orchestras, 3 operas, circuses, cabarets, and pretty much any other show you could think of.
Deutsche Oper Berlin is the city’s largest opera house which regularly hosts world-renowned operas.
Deutsches Theater Berlin is world-renowned for its contemporary plays, but also has some evergreen classics in its repertoire.
Friedrichstadt-Palast is another worthwhile theatre in Berlin. More than a million people visit the Palast each year for a wide variety of shows full of glamour, dancing and stunning performances.
Festivals & Events
From winter to summer, there is always some kind of festival or event going on in Berlin. It doesn’t matter if you are a fan of art, beer lover or sports enthusiast, Berlin has something for you.
Berlin Christmas markets
Visiting Berlin during the Christmas period is a true delight! Both locals and tourists love Berlin’s Christmas Markets because they bring everyone together.
More than 50 Christmas markets, with unique styles, decorations and ambiences are spread throughout the city. Tasty culinary delights, beer, hand-made crafts and plenty more can be found in these markets.
Most visited is the Christmas market at Gendarmenmarkt.
Karneval der Kulturen
Celebrated annually from late May to early June, the Berlins Carnival of Culture is the best representation of Berlin’s cultural diversity. During the four-day-long carnival, more than 5000 dancers from the various ethnicities showcase their traditional costumes, dances and arts. The peak of the festival is during the street parade on Pentecost Sunday. During the parade, thousands of performers walk the streets of Berlin and entertain more than half a million visitors.
Berlinale
In this city of culture, Berlin Film Festival is a cultural event that stands out from the crowd.
This festival has a long history, it was founded in 1951 and held annually every February since 1978. Considered one of the “Big Three” European film festivals alongside the Cannes and Venice film festivals. With more than 100,000 tickets sold each year, Berlinale has the largest attendance of all film festivals. The highest prize awarded at the festival is the Golden bear, inspired by the Berlins’ signature coat of arms.
Oktoberfest Berlin
As in Munich, every year from late September to early-mid October, Berlin organizes its own Oktoberfest. Oktoberfest in Berlin is a little brother of the famous one in Munich, but equally fun. An endless amount of beer, pretzels, and wursts is accompanied by jolly people dancing and singing. Besides this, there are also plenty of rides and games for children of all ages.
That sounds like a good recipe to have a great time, right?
Festival of Lights
Since 2005, for two weeks every fall, Berlin becomes the city of light.
Even though festivals of lights have become increasingly popular throughout the world, the Berlin Festival of Lights is surely one of the best. More than 50 landmarks such as Berlin Cathedral, Brandenburg gate and TV Tower light up with an impressive combination of modern art and lights.
Art week
When it comes to contemporary art Berlin is the place to be, and no event is bigger than Berlin Art week. Organized for more than 10 years, Berlin art week is a 6-day cultural event that showcases contemporary art from all over the world.
A diverse programme of Art week includes numerous locations throughout Berlin that feature various exhibitions, paintings, sculptures, and installations. For artists from all over the world, Art week is a huge opportunity to show their creations. The crowd certainly appreciates it if we can judge by the number of visitors because more than 100,000 people regularly attend the event.
Berlin marathon
The Berlin marathon is one of Germany’s largest sporting events held annually. What started in 1974 as a small local event has now grown into one of the world’s six major marathons. Today, thousands of athletes gather on the streets of Berlin to compete against each other and against themselves. The Marathon course is quite attractive as it starts and ends at Brandenburg gate and passes by a couple of other landmarks.
Food
Berlin is an international and culturally diverse city, which is reflected in its cuisine as well. From traditional German to international cuisines of Asian, Mediterranean and others, you can find plenty of restaurants to choose from. While most of the traditional dishes include meat, vegetarian food is also widely available in Berlin.
What to eat in Berlin?
Berlin is most famous for its sausages, or wursts as Germans call them. There are quite a few combinations to choose from, but the first two you should try are bratwurst and currywurst. The first is the more traditional, usually served with mustard, while the second one is served with delicious curry sauce. Both are quite easy to find throughout the city.
Another easy to find street food is Döner Kebab. Originally a Turkish meal, brought to Germany by Turkish immigrants, Döner Kebabs have quickly become a staple of Berlin street food. Thinly sliced meat, mixed with ingredients of your choice inside of bread or a wrap is a perfect food when low on time or after a night out.
While in Germany it would be a shame not to try a schnitzel. Veal escalope with a coating of breadcrumbs, eggs and flour creates a delicious meat meal. They are usually served with potato salad and a piece of lemon which adds another layer of flavour to the dish.
Another meal meat lovers have to try is eisbein. Eisbein is pork knuckle, usually boiled or grilled, served with sauerkraut, potatoes, and boiled peas. Simply mouthwatering!
When it comes to desserts, Berliner Donuts or Pfannkuchen are the most famous ones. Similar to filled doughnuts, Pfannkuchen is filled with jam or chocolate filling with sugar sprinkled on top. They are a perfect snack when you need a quick energy boost.
Apfelstrudel is another dessert associated with Germany, but it actually originated in Austria. Delicious apple strudels are best when served hot, and with vanilla cream on top.
One thing you mustn’t skip while in Berlin is the local beer. German beer has a good reputation throughout the world, and for a good reason. Some say there are more than 5,000 you could try in Berlin! So don’t be shy and say “Ein Bier, bitte!” while in a bar.
Where to eat?
There is no shortage of good restaurants to visit while in Berlin. In the end, everything depends on what you are looking for.
One affordable place locals like to go for lunch is Lebensmittel in Mitte. They serve very well cooked South German food.
For a fine dining experience, you should go to Michelin star restaurants such as Tim Raue and CODA. Be prepared to leave €100 per person in these restaurants, at least.
Konnopke’s Imbiss is a famous sausage stand managed by the same family since the 1930s. Their sausages are just terrific!
Arguably the most famous burger bar in Berlin is Burgermeister. Interestingly, this burger bar is located inside a vintage public toilet facility in Kreuzberg. Doesn’t sound too appealing, right? However, their burgers are amazing and made from high-quality ingredients.
Now that you had a tasty meal, get prepared for a night out in a city known for its nightlife.
Nightlife
Berlin is certainly vibrant during the day, however, the city shows its true face during the night. Countless bars, pubs and events are just foreplay for one of the best clubbing scenes in the world.
Known as the capital of techno music, Berlin has plenty of clubs that host the world’s best DJs which means there is no shortage of good music. Berlin is also known for its open-mindedness and sexual liberty. When you combine those things, you are up for a wild weekend with no restrictions.
You should know that some clubs are notoriously hard to get it. Don’t overdress, don’t be loud while in the line, and learn some basic German phrases such as “Wie geht’s?”. When it comes to dressing up, Berliners don’t really like to stand out and you can’t miss it with black clothes.
Alright, so now you are probably wondering…
Where is the best place to go out in Berlin?
In Berlins central district Mitte, Hackescher Markt and Oranienburger Straße are both a good place to start the night. There is a wide variety of pubs and bars in which you can have a few drinks to relax and get into the atmosphere of the night. A unique bar you could go to is the Berlin Ice Bar near Alexanderplatz.
Once you feel ready to party all night long, you should go to the Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg district. What used to be two districts is now a single district full of clubs, with the river Spree flowing through its middle.
In Friedrichshain, you will find the infamous Berghain, often referred to as the church of techno. Located in an old power plant, Berghain hosts some of the wildest parties in the world. It’s really hard to get in so don’t put all of your eggs in this basket. If you don’t get into Berghain, there are two more amazing clubs, Sisyphos and About Blank, you can go to on this side of river Spree.
In Kreuzberg, across the river Spree, you can also find a couple of household names in the world of techno music. To start there is Tresor, one of the most respected techno clubs in the world. Close to Tresor, there is KitKat, a techno-sex club infamous for its sexual liberty and definitely one of the craziest clubs you will ever go to.
The great thing about Berlin is that its public transport system works 24/7 during the weekends, which means you can move around and get home quickly and safely.
Shopping
Berlin is amongst the best places in Europe for shopping. From large malls and department stores filled with luxury designer boutiques to flea markets and handmade products, there is something for everyone.
If you have time to roam around the city streets you will certainly find something of interest. However, to save you some time, we will name some of the best shopping locations in Berlin.
Where to shop in Berlin?
In the Charlottenburg district, head to the Kurfürstendamm boulevard. This is the most famous shopping street in Berlin which has multiple department stores, and plenty of popular designer boutiques, cafes and restaurants. The largest department store in Berlin, KaDeWe is located on this boulevard, as well as Europa-Center Berlin and Bikini Berlin centre. On top of Bikini Berlin, there is a wonderful rooftop terrace bar where you can relax and enjoy a view of the city and Berlin Zoological Garden animals.
For a more alternative shopping experience, you should go to Oranienstraße in the Kreuzberg district. The street has a variety of small book shops, vintage clothing boutiques, record stores and markets. Kreuzberg Flowmarkt is a great place to shop for handmade stuff, while Markthalle Neun is great for fresh food produce. When you are tired of shopping on Oranienstraße, you can sit in one of the numerous restaurants.
Berlin has a bunch of flea markets where you can casually browse and look for bargains. The biggest and most well-known flea market is the one at Mauerpark, however, there is at least one in every district. At these flea markets, depending on where you go, you can find practically everything from furniture to fresh fish.
Accommodation
Berlin is massive and the list of places where you could stay is endless. Whatever your budget is you will find a corresponding accommodation in Berlin. Airbnb’s are available throughout the city, and there is no shortage of 5-star hotels or cheap hostels in Berlin.
Where to stay in Berlin?
If you want to be close to the main attractions then stay in Mitte. However, you will have to pay for such a convenience because Mitte is relatively very expensive when it comes to accommodation and food.
Prenzlauerberg, northeast of Mitte, is perfect for families. It’s close enough to most of the attractions but more laid back than the Mitte. Plenty of shops and cafes in the area.
If you want to party in Berlin then Friedrichshain is your district for sure. That is because some of the best clubs in Berlin such as Berghain are located in Friedrichshain. The area used to be full of artists and you can notice a lot of street art on the walls which creates a cool alternative vibe.
Kreuzberg is an edgy, multicultural and urban area close to the city centre. This area is great for younger travellers that don’t want to break the bank on accommodation and food. Kreuzberg has plenty to offer when it comes to attractions, pubs and clubs.
For a more upscale atmosphere, go to the Charlottenburg district. This area is quieter than most and has a nice variety of cafes and restaurants to choose from.
Useful Contacts
Polizei Berlin: 110
Fire service: 112
Medical service: 112
On-call doctor service: 116117
Poison control centre: +49 30 19240
Drugs and addiction: +49 30 19237.
Emergency pharmacy telephone information: (0800) 0022833
Emergency dental service: (030) 89004333
Children’s emergency service: (030) 610061
24/7 Taxi in English: +49-30-20 20 21 22 0
Useful Information
Timezone: CET + 1
Currency: Euro
Language: German
Power outlets: Type F
Map
Below is a map with all the mentioned places in the Berlin city guide for easier navigation and planning.
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https://www.britannica.com/place/Berlin
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Berlin | History, Map, Population, Attractions, & Facts
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Berlin, capital and chief urban center of Germany. The city lies at the heart of the North German Plain, athwart an east-west commercial and geographic axis that helped make it the capital of the kingdom of Prussia and then, from 1871, of a unified Germany.
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/favicon.png
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Encyclopedia Britannica
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https://www.britannica.com/place/Berlin
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Berlin
national capital, Germany
Top Questions
Where is Berlin located?
Berlin is in Germany. It lies at the heart of the North German Plain in the wide glacial valley of the Spree River, which runs through the center of the city. It is situated about 112 miles (180 km) south of the Baltic Sea, 118 miles (190 km) north of the Czech-German border, 110 miles (177 km) east of the former inner-German border, and 55 miles (89 km) west of Poland.
Why was the Berlin Wall built around West Berlin?
East Germany built the Berlin Wall to close off East Germans’ access to West Berlin and hence West Germany. The wall surrounded West Berlin from 1961 to 1989.
What type of climate does Berlin have?
Berlin's mean annual temperature is about 48 °F (9 °C), and mean temperatures range from 30 °F (−1 °C) in winter to 65 °F (18 °C) in summer. The average precipitation is 22 inches (568 mm). About one-fifth to one-fourth of the total falls as snow.
Berlin is famous for what cultural institutions?
Berlin is famous for its many museums such as the Dahlem Museums, the Egyptian Museum, the Berlin Cultural Forum with the New National Gallery, and the Museum of Arts and Crafts. Other postwar institutions are the Brücke-Museum, the Berlin Museum, the Museum of Transport and Technology, and the Jewish Museum Berlin.
Berlin is the capital of what country?
Berlin is the capital and chief urban center of Germany. Berlin was the capital of Prussia and then, from 1871, of a unified Germany. Though partitioned into East and West Berlin after World War II, the reunification of East and West Germany led to Berlin’s reinstatement as the all-German capital in 1990.
Berlin, capital and chief urban centre of Germany. The city lies at the heart of the North German Plain, athwart an east-west commercial and geographic axis that helped make it the capital of the kingdom of Prussia and then, from 1871, of a unified Germany. Berlin’s former glory ended in 1945, but the city survived the destruction of World War II. It was rebuilt and came to show amazing economic and cultural growth.
Germany’s division after the war put Berlin entirely within the territory of the German Democratic Republic (GDR, or East Germany). The city itself echoed the national partition—East Berlin being the capital of East Germany and West Berlin a Land (state) of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, or West Germany). West Berlin’s isolation was later reinforced by the concrete barrier erected in 1961 and known as the Berlin Wall. Its status as an enclave made Berlin a continuous focus of confrontation between the Eastern and Western powers as well as a symbol of Western lifestyle for 45 years. The fall of the East German communist regime—and the accompanying opening of the wall—in late 1989 unexpectedly raised the prospect for Berlin’s reinstatement as the all-German capital. That status was restored in 1990 under the terms of the unification treaty, and subsequently Berlin was designated a state, one of the 16 constituting Germany. These developments heralded the city’s return to its historic position of prominence in European culture and commerce. Area 344 square miles (891 square km). Pop. (2011) 3,292,365; (2021 est.) 3,677,472.
Physical and human geography
The landscape
The city site
Berlin is situated about 112 miles (180 km) south of the Baltic Sea, 118 miles (190 km) north of the Czech-German border, 110 miles (177 km) east of the former inner-German border, and 55 miles (89 km) west of Poland. It lies in the wide glacial valley of the Spree River, which runs through the centre of the city. The mean elevation of Berlin is 115 feet (35 metres) above sea level. The highest point near the centre of Berlin is the peak of the Kreuzberg, a hill that rises 218 feet (66 metres) above sea level.
Measuring approximately 23 miles (37 km) from north to south and 28 miles (45 km) from east to west, Berlin is by far the largest city in Germany. It is built mainly on sandy glacial soil amid an extensive belt of forest-rimmed lakes, formed from the waters of the Dahme River to the southeast and the Havel to the west; indeed, about one-third of the Greater Berlin area is still covered by sandy pine and mixed birch woods, lakes, and beaches. “Devil’s Mountain” (Teufelsberg), one of several hills constructed from the rubble left by World War II bombing, rises to 380 feet (116 metres) and has been turned into a winter sports area for skiing and sledding.
Climate
Britannica Quiz
European Capitals Quiz
Berlin lies where the influence of the Atlantic Ocean fades and the climate of the continental plain begins. The city’s mean annual temperature is about 48 °F (9 °C), and mean temperatures range from 30 °F (−1 °C) in winter to 65 °F (18 °C) in summer. The average precipitation is 22 inches (568 mm). About one-fifth to one-fourth of the total falls as snow.
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https://www.thetrainline.com/en/stations/berlin-oranienburger-strasse
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Trains To & From Berlin Oranienburger Straße
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Find information about Berlin Oranienburger Straße station here. Book train tickets, check timetables & find out more about the station with Trainline.
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https://www.thetrainline.com/en/stations/berlin-oranienburger-strasse
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Join millions of people who use us every day
Europe’s leading train and coach app
We help customers across Europe make more than 172,000 smarter journeys every day.
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Alamy
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Alamy and its logo are trademarks of Alamy Ltd. and are registered in certain countries. Copyright © 10/08/2024 Alamy Ltd. All rights reserved.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Berlin
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West Berlin
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Political enclave that existed between 1948 and 1990
For other uses, see West Berlin (disambiguation).
West Berlin (German: Berlin (West) or West-Berlin, German pronunciation: [ˈvɛstbɛʁˌliːn] ⓘ) was a political enclave which comprised the western part of Berlin from 1948 until 1990, during the Cold War. Although West Berlin lacked any sovereignty and was under military occupation until German reunification in 1990, the territory was claimed by the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), despite being entirely surrounded by East Germany (GDR). The legality of this claim was contested by the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries. However, West Berlin de facto aligned itself politically with the FRG from May 1949 and was thereafter treated as a de facto city-state of that country. After 1949, it was directly or indirectly represented in the institutions of the FRG, and most of its residents were citizens of the FRG.
West Berlin was formally controlled by the Western Allies and entirely surrounded by East Berlin and East Germany. West Berlin had great symbolic significance during the Cold War, as it was widely considered by westerners an "island of freedom".[1] It was heavily subsidised by West Germany as a "showcase of the West".[2] A wealthy city, West Berlin was noted for its distinctly cosmopolitan character, and as a centre of education, research and culture. With about two million inhabitants, West Berlin had the largest population of any city in Germany during the Cold War era.[3]
West Berlin was 160 km (100 mi) east and north of the Inner German border and only accessible by land from West Germany by narrow rail and highway corridors. It consisted of the American, British, and French occupation sectors established in 1945. The Berlin Wall, built in 1961, physically separated West Berlin from its East Berlin and East German surroundings until it fell in 1989.[4] On 3 October 1990, the day Germany was officially reunified, East and West Berlin united, joined the Federal Republic as a Stadtstaat (city-state) and, eventually, again became the capital of Germany.
Origins
[edit]
The London Protocol of 1944 and the Potsdam Agreement established the legal framework for the occupation of Germany in the wake of World War II. According to these agreements, Germany would be formally under the administration of four Allies (the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and France) until a German government "acceptable to all parties" could be established. The territory of Germany, as it existed in 1937, would be reduced by most of Eastern Germany thus creating the former eastern territories of Germany. The remaining territory would be divided into four zones, each administered by one of the four allied countries. Berlin, which was surrounded by the Soviet zone of occupation—newly established in most of Middle Germany—would be similarly divided, with the Western Allies occupying an enclave consisting of the western parts of the city. According to the agreement, the occupation of Berlin could end only as a result of a quadripartite agreement. The Western Allies were guaranteed three air corridors to their sectors of Berlin, and the Soviets also informally allowed road and rail access between West Berlin and the western parts of Germany (see section on traffic).[citation needed]
At first, this arrangement was intended to be of a temporary administrative nature, with all parties declaring that Germany and Berlin would soon be reunited. However, as the relations between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union soured and the Cold War began, the joint administration of Germany and Berlin broke down. Soon, Soviet-occupied Berlin and western-occupied Berlin had separate city administrations.[5] In 1948, the Soviets tried to force the Western Allies out of Berlin by imposing a land blockade on the western sectors—the Berlin Blockade. The West responded by using its air corridors for supplying their part of the city with food and other goods through the Berlin Airlift. In May 1949, the Soviets lifted the blockade, and West Berlin as a separate city with its own jurisdiction was maintained.[5]
Following the Berlin Blockade, normal contacts between East and West Berlin resumed. This was temporary until talks were resumed.[5] In 1952, the East German government began sealing its borders, further isolating West Berlin.[6] As a direct result, electrical grids were separated and phone lines were cut.[5] The Volkspolizei and Soviet military personnel also continued the process of blocking all the roads leading away from the city, resulting in several armed standoffs and at least one skirmish with the French Gendarmerie and the Bundesgrenzschutz that June.[6] However, the culmination of the schism did not occur until 1961 with the construction of the Berlin Wall.[5]
Legal status
[edit]
From the legal theory followed by the Western Allies, the occupation of most of Germany ended in 1949 with the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) on 23 May and of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) on 7 October. Under Article 127 of the Basic Law (or constitution) of the Federal Republic, provision was made for federal laws to be extended to Greater Berlin (as Berlin was called during the 1920 expansion of its municipal boundaries) as well as Baden, Rhineland-Palatinate and Württemberg-Hohenzollern within one year of its promulgation.[7] However, because the occupation of Berlin could be ended only by a quadripartite agreement, Berlin remained an occupied territory under the formal sovereignty of the allies. Hence, the Basic Law was not fully applicable to West Berlin.[8]
On 4 August 1950, the House of Representatives, the city's legislature, passed a new constitution, declaring Berlin to be a state of the Federal Republic and the provisions of the Basic Law as binding law superior to Berlin state law (Article 1, clauses 2 and 3). However, that became statutory law only on 1 September and only with the inclusion of the western Allied provision[9] according to which Art. 1, clauses 2 and 3, were deferred for the time being; the clauses became valid law only on 3 October 1990 (the day of Germany's unification). It stated:
Article 87 is interpreted as meaning that during the transitional period Berlin shall possess none of the attributes of a twelfth Land. The provision of this Article concerning the Basic Law will only apply to the extent necessary to prevent a conflict between this Law and the Berlin Constitution....[10][11]
Thus, civic liberties and personal rights (except for the privacy of telecommunications) guaranteed by the Basic Law were also valid in West Berlin.
In addition, West German federal statutes could only take effect in West Berlin with the approval of the city's legislature.[8] The ambiguous legal status of the city, then still legally styled as Greater Berlin (although technically only comprising the western sectors), meant that West Berliners were not eligible to vote in federal elections. In their notification of permission of 12 May 1949 the three western military governors for Germany explained their proviso in No. 4, as follows:
A third reservation concerns the participation of Greater Berlin in the Federation. We interpret the effect of Articles 23 and 144 (2) of the Basic Law as constituting acceptance of our previous request that while Berlin may not be accorded voting membership in the Bundestag or Bundesrat nor be governed by the Federation she may, nevertheless, designate a small number of representatives to the meetings of those legislative bodies.[12]
Consequently, West Berliners were indirectly represented in the Bundestag in Bonn by 22 non-voting delegates[13] chosen by the House of Representatives.[14] Similarly, the Senate (the city's executive) sent four non-voting delegates to the Bundesrat.[15] In addition, when the first direct elections to the European Parliament were held in 1979, West Berlin's three members were instead indirectly elected by the House of Representatives.[16]
However, as West German citizens, West Berliners were able to stand for election in West Germany. For example, Social Democrat Willy Brandt, who eventually became Chancellor, was elected via his party's list of candidates. The West German government considered all West Berliners as well as all citizens of the GDR to be citizens of West Germany. Male residents of West Berlin were exempt from the Federal Republic's compulsory military service. This exemption made the city a popular destination for West German young people, which resulted in a flourishing counterculture, which in turn became one of the defining features of the city.[17][18]
The Western Allies remained the ultimate political authorities in West Berlin. All legislation of the House of Representatives, whether of the West Berlin legislature or adopted federal law, only applied under the proviso of confirmation by the three Western Allied commanders-in-chief.[citation needed] If they approved a bill, it was enacted as part of West Berlin's statutory law. If the commanders-in-chief rejected a bill, it did not become law in West Berlin; this, for example, was the case with West German laws on military duty. West Berlin was run by the elected Governing Mayor and Senate seated at Rathaus Schöneberg. The Governing Mayor and Senators (ministers) had to be approved by the Western Allies and thus derived their authority from the occupying forces, not from their electoral mandate.[citation needed]
The Soviets unilaterally declared the occupation of East Berlin at an end along with the rest of East Germany. This move was, however, not recognised by the Western Allies, who continued to view all of Berlin as a jointly occupied territory belonging to neither of the two German states.[citation needed] This view was supported by the continued practice of patrols of all four sectors by soldiers of all four occupying powers. Thus, occasionally Western Allied soldiers were on patrol in East Berlin as were Soviet soldiers in West Berlin. After the Wall was built, East Germany wanted to control Western Allied patrols upon entering or leaving East Berlin, a practice that the Western Allies regarded as unacceptable.[citation needed] After protests to the Soviets, the patrols continued uncontrolled on both sides, with the tacit agreement that the western Allies would not use their patrolling privileges for helping Easterners to flee to the West.[citation needed]
In many ways, West Berlin functioned as the de facto 11th state of West Germany and was depicted on maps published in the West as being a part of West Germany. There was freedom of movement (to the extent allowed by geography) between West Berlin and West Germany. There were no separate immigration regulations for West Berlin, all immigration rules for West Germany being followed in West Berlin. West German entry visas issued to visitors were stamped with "for the Federal Republic of Germany, including the State of Berlin", in German "für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland einschl. [einschließlich] des Landes Berlin", prompting complaints from the Soviet Union. However, this wording remained on the visas throughout the rest of the entire period of West Berlin's existence.[19][20]
West Berlin remained under military occupation until 3 October 1990, the day of unification of East Germany, East and West Berlin with the Federal Republic of Germany. The West German Federal Government, as well as the governments of most western nations, considered East Berlin to be a "separate entity" from East Germany, and while the Western Allies later opened embassies in East Berlin, they recognised the city only as the seat of government of the GDR, not as its capital.[21]
Communist countries, however, did not recognise West Berlin as part of West Germany and usually described it as a "third" German jurisdiction, called an "independent political unit" (German: selbständige politische Einheit).[22] On maps of East Berlin, West Berlin often did not appear as an adjacent urban area but as a monochrome terra incognita, sometimes showing the letters WB, meaning "Westberlin" (German: Westberlin) or overlaid with a legend or pictures. It was often labelled "Westberlin special political area" (German: Besonderes politisches Gebiet Westberlin).[23]
Immigration
[edit]
The Federal Republic of Germany issued West German passports to West Berliners on request that showed West Berlin as their place of residence. However, West Berliners could not use their passports for crossing East German borders and were denied entrance by any country of the Eastern Bloc, since governments of these countries held the view that West Germany was not authorized to issue legal papers for West Berliners.[24]
Since West Berlin was not a sovereign state, it did not issue passports. Instead, West Berliners were issued with "auxiliary identity cards" by the West Berlin authorities. These differed visually from the regular West German identity cards, with green bindings instead of the grey standard, they did not show the "Federal Eagle" or coat of arms, and contained no indications as to the issuing State. However, they did have a statement that the holder of the document was a German citizen.[25] From 11 June 1968, East Germany made it mandatory that West Berlin and West German "transit passengers" obtain a transit visa, issued upon entering East Germany,[26] because under its second constitution East Germany considered West Germans and West Berliners foreigners. Since identity cards had no pages to stamp visas, issuers of East German visas stamped their visas onto separate leaflets which were loosely stuck into the identity cards, which, until the mid-1980s, were little booklets. Although the West German government subsidized visa fees, they were still payable by individual travellers.[21]
In order to enter visa-requiring Western countries, such as the US, West Berliners commonly used West German passports. However, for countries which did not require stamped visas for entry, including Switzerland, Austria, and many members of the then European Economic Community, including the United Kingdom,[27] West Berlin identity cards were also acceptable for entry.[28]
Active immigration and asylum politics in West Berlin triggered waves of immigration in the 1960s and 1970s. As of 2017, Berlin was home to at least 178,000 Turkish and Turkish German residents,[29] making it the largest Turkish community outside of Turkey.
West Berlin was also a destination for many people fleeing East Germany both before and after the construction of the Berlin Wall. As many immigrants from East Germany did not intend to stay in Berlin[citation needed], flights – the only option for those people to reach West Germany without coming into contact with East German authorities – were subsidized by the West German government despite being operated only by companies registered in and owned by nationals of the western occupying powers.[citation needed]
Naming conventions
[edit]
Most Westerners called the Western sectors "Berlin" unless further distinction was necessary. The West German Federal government officially called West Berlin "Berlin (West)", although it also used the hyphenated "West-Berlin", whereas the East German government commonly referred to it as "Westberlin".[30] Starting from 31 May 1961, East Berlin was officially called Berlin, Hauptstadt der DDR (Berlin, Capital of the GDR), replacing the formerly used term Demokratisches Berlin,[31] or simply "Berlin", by East Germany, and "Berlin (Ost)" by the West German Federal government. Other names used by West German media included "Ost-Berlin", "Ostberlin", or "Ostsektor". These different naming conventions for the divided parts of Berlin, when followed by individuals, governments, or media, commonly indicated their political leanings, with the centre-right Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung using "Ost-Berlin" and the centre-left Süddeutsche Zeitung using "Ostberlin".[32]
Period following the building of the Berlin Wall
[edit]
After the Berlin Wall was constructed in 1961, West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer suggested to U.S. President John F. Kennedy that the United States propose a swap of West Berlin with Thuringia and parts of Saxony and Mecklenburg; the city's population would have been relocated to West Germany.[33] Adenauer did not believe that the Soviets would accept the offer because East Germany would lose important industry, but hoped that making the proposal would reduce tensions between the western and eastern blocs, and perhaps hurt relations between the USSR and East Germany if they disagreed on accepting the offer.[34] While the Kennedy administration seriously considered the idea, it did not make the proposal to the Soviet Union.[33]
NATO also took an increased interest in the specific issue related to West Berlin, and drafted plans to ensure to defend the city against an eventual attack from the East.[35][36] A tripartite planning group known as LIVE OAK, working together with NATO, was entrusted with potential military responses to any crisis.[37]
On 26 June 1963, President Kennedy visited West Berlin. On his triumphant tour, cheered by hundred of thousands of West Berliners in the streets, he stopped at the Congress Hall, near the Brandenburg Gate, and at Checkpoint Charlie, before delivering at West Berlin's city hall a speech, which became famous for its phrase "Ich bin ein Berliner" and a hallmark of America's solidarity with the city.[38]
The Four Power Agreement on Berlin (September 1971) and the Transit Agreement (May 1972) helped to significantly ease tensions over the status of West Berlin. While many restrictions remained in place, it also made it easier for West Berliners to travel to East Germany and it simplified the regulations for Germans travelling along the autobahn transit routes.
At the Brandenburg Gate in 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan provided a challenge to the then Soviet leader:
General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization: Come here to this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall![39]
On 9 November 1989, the Wall was opened, and the two parts of the city were once again physically—though at this point not legally—united. The Two Plus Four Treaty, signed by the two German states and the four wartime allies, paved the way for German reunification and an end to the Western Allies' occupation of West Berlin. On 3 October 1990—the day Germany was officially reunified—East and West Berlin formally reunited as the city of Berlin, which then joined the enlarged Federal Republic as a city-state along the lines of the existing West German city-states of Bremen and Hamburg. Walter Momper, the mayor of West Berlin, became the first mayor of the reunified city in the interim. City-wide elections in December 1990 resulted in the first "all Berlin" mayor being elected to take office in January 1991, with the separate offices of mayors in East and West Berlin expiring by that time, and Eberhard Diepgen (a former mayor of West Berlin) became the first elected mayor of a reunited Berlin.[40]
Boroughs
[edit]
West Berlin comprised the following boroughs (Bezirke):
In the American sector:
Neukölln
Kreuzberg
Schöneberg
Steglitz
Tempelhof
Zehlendorf
In the British sector:
Charlottenburg
Tiergarten
Wilmersdorf
Spandau
In the French sector:
Reinickendorf
Wedding
Exclaves
[edit]
West Berlin's border was identical to the municipal boundary of Berlin as defined in the Greater Berlin Act of 1920 and amended in 1938, and the border between the Soviet sector and the French, British, and American sectors respectively, which followed the boundaries of Berlin administrative boroughs as defined in the same years. Another amendment was added in 1945 at the border between the British sector of Berlin (ceding West-Staaken) and the Soviet zone (ceding the Seeburg Salient) so that the Wehrmacht airfield at Berlin-Gatow became part of the British sector and the airfield at Berlin-Staaken became part of the Soviet sector.
Furthermore, the Gatow/Staaken exchange in August 1945 resulted in the geographically western half of Berlin-Staaken, which was located in the western outskirts of the city, becoming de jure Soviet occupied. However, the de facto administration remained with the Borough of Spandau in the British sector.[citation needed] Therefore, all inhabitants of Staaken could vote in West Berlin's city state elections in 1948 and 1950. On 1 February 1951, East German Volkspolizei surprised the people of western Staaken by occupying the area and ended its administration by the Spandau Borough; instead, western Staaken became an exclave of the Soviet occupied borough Berlin-Mitte in the city centre.[citation needed] However, on 1 June 1952, western Staaken's de facto administration was placed with neighbouring East German Falkensee in the East German district Nauen.[citation needed]
Post and telecommunications
[edit]
West Berlin had its own postal administration first called Deutsche Post Berlin (1947–1955) and then Deutsche Bundespost Berlin, separate from West Germany's Deutsche Bundespost, and issuing its own postage stamps until 1990. However, the separation was merely symbolic; in reality, West Berlin's postal service was completely integrated with West Germany's, using the same postal code system.[42]
West Berlin was also integrated into the West German telephone network, using the same international dialling code as West Germany, +49, with the area code 0311,[43] later changed to 030.[44] Unlike West Germany, from where calls to East Berlin were made using the prefix 00372 (international access code 00, East German country code 37, area code 2),[45] calls from West Berlin required only the short code 0372.[46] Conversely, those made to West Berlin from East Berlin only required the short code 849.[47]
In order to reduce eastern wiretapping of telecommunications between West Berlin and West Germany, microwave radio relay connections were built, which transmitted telephone calls between antenna towers in West Germany and West Berlin by radio. Two such towers were built, one antenna in Berlin-Wannsee and later a second in Berlin-Frohnau, finished on 16 May 1980 with a height of 358 m (1,175 ft). This tower was demolished on 8 February 2009.[48]
Transport and transit travel
[edit]
West Berliners could travel to West Germany and all Western and non-aligned states at all times, except during the Berlin Blockade by the Soviet Union (24 June 1948 to 12 May 1949) when there were restrictions on passenger flight capacity imposed by the airlift.
Travelling to and from West Berlin by road or train always required passing through East German border checks, since West Berlin was an enclave surrounded by East Germany and East Berlin. On 2 October 1967, six years after the Wall was constructed, tram tracks in West Berlin were removed because the authorities wanted to promote car usage, meaning that the tram system remaining today runs almost entirely within the former East Berlin.[49]
Road traffic
[edit]
As there were no dedicated walled-off-road corridors between West Germany and West Berlin under West German jurisdiction, travellers needed to pass through East Germany. A valid passport was required for citizens of West Germany and other western nationals to be produced at East German border checks. West Berliners could get admission only through their identity cards (see above). For travel from West Berlin to Denmark, Sweden and West Germany via dedicated East German transit routes (German: Transitstrecke), East German border guards issued a transit visa for a fee of 5 Western Deutsche Mark. For journeys between West Berlin and Poland or Czechoslovakia through East Germany, each traveller was also required to present a valid visa for the destination country.[50]
The transit routes for road travel connecting West Berlin to other destinations usually consisted of autobahns and other highways, marked by Transit signs. Transit travellers (German: Transitreisende) were prohibited to leave the transit routes, and occasional traffic checkpoints would check for violators.
There were four transit routes between West Berlin and West Germany:
One between West Berlin's Heerstraße with the East German checkpoint in Dallgow until 1951, then replaced by Staaken for destinations in Northern Germany (originally via highway F 5) at the Eastern checkpoint in Horst (a part of today's Nostorf) and the Western Lauenburg upon Elbe. These were replaced on 20 November 1982 by a new autobahn crossing at Zarrentin (E)/Gudow (W).[51] On 1 January 1988, the new Stolpe checkpoint opened on this route to West Berlin. This is part of today's Hohen Neuendorf (E)/Berlin-Heiligensee (W).[citation needed]
A second transit route led to Northwestern and Western Germany – following today's A 2 – crossing the inner German border at Marienborn (E)/Helmstedt (W), also called Checkpoint Alpha.
A third route to Southwestern Germany consisted of today's A 9 and A 4 with border crossing at Wartha (E)/Herleshausen (W).[52]
A fourth (via today's A 9) to Southern Germany had border crossings originally at Mount Juchhöh (E)/Töpen (W) and later at Hirschberg upon Saale (E)/ Rudolphstein (a part of today's Berg in Upper Franconia) (W).[citation needed]
The latter three routes used autobahns built during the Nazi era. They left West Berlin at Checkpoint Dreilinden, also called Checkpoint Bravo (W)/Potsdam-Drewitz (E). Transit routes to Poland were via today's A 11 to Nadrensee-Pomellen (East Germany, GDR)/Kołbaskowo (Kolbitzow) (PL), eastwards via today's A 12 to Frankfurt upon Oder (GDR)/Słubice (PL), or southeastwards via today's A 13 and A 15 to Forst in Lusatia/Baršć (GDR)/Zasieki (Berge) (PL). Additional routes led to Denmark and Sweden by ferry between Warnemünde (GDR) and Gedser (DK) and by ferry between Sassnitz (GDR) and Rønne (DK) or Trelleborg (S). Routes to Czechoslovakia were via Schmilka (GDR)/Hřensko (Herrnskretschen) (ČSSR) and via Fürstenau (a part of today's Geising) (GDR)/Cínovec (Cinvald/Böhmisch Zinnwald) (ČSSR).
The transit routes were also used for East German domestic traffic. This meant that transit passengers could potentially meet with East Germans and East Berliners at restaurants at motorway rest stops. Since such meetings were deemed illegal by the East German government, border guards would calculate the travel duration from the time of entry and exit of the transit route. Excessive time spent for transit travel could arouse their suspicion and prompt questioning or additional checking by the border guards. Western coaches could stop only at dedicated service areas since the East German government was concerned that East Germans might potentially use coaches to escape into the West.[53]
On 1 September 1951, East Germany, because of a shortage in foreign currencies, started to levy road tolls on cars using the transit routes. At first, the toll amounted to 10 Ostmark per passenger car and 10 to 50 for trucks, depending on size.[citation needed] Ostmarks had to be exchanged into Deutsche Mark at a rate of 1:1. On 30 March 1955, East Germany raised the toll for passenger cars to 30 Deutsche Marks, but after West German protests, in June of the same year, it changed it back to the previous rate.[citation needed]
Railway
[edit]
Four transit train connections—earlier also called interzonal train (German: Interzonenzug)—connected West Berlin with Hamburg via Schwanheide (E)/Büchen (W) in the North, with Hanover via Marienborn (E)/Helmstedt (W) in the West, with Frankfurt am Main via Gerstungen (E)/Hönebach (W) in the Southwest, and with Nuremberg via Probstzella (E)/Ludwigsstadt (W) in the South of West Germany. These transit trains did not service domestic passengers of East Germany and made stops in East Germany almost exclusively for East German border guards upon entering and leaving the country. Until the construction of the Berlin Wall, interzonal trains would also stop once on their way within East Germany for travellers having a visa for entering or leaving East Germany. Train travel from West Berlin to Czechoslovakia, Denmark (by ferry), Poland and Sweden (by ferry) required a visa to enter East Berlin or East Germany to allow transfer to an international train—which also carried domestic passengers—bound for an international destination. One railway connection between West Berlin and Oebisfelde (E)/Wolfsburg (W) was reserved for freight trains only.[citation needed]
In July and August 1945, the three Western Allies and the Soviet Union decided that the railways, previously serviced by the Deutsche Reichsbahn (German Reich Railways), should continue to be operated by one railway administration to service all four sectors. West Berlin had – with the exception of a few small private railway lines – no separate railway administration. Furthermore, the operation of the Reichsbahn's Berlin S-Bahn electric metropolitan transport network, consisting of commuter trains, was also maintained. After the founding of East Germany on 7 October 1949 it gained responsibility for the Reichsbahn in its territory. East Germany continued to run its railways under the official name Deutsche Reichsbahn, which thus maintained responsibility for almost all railway transport in all four sectors of Berlin.[54] The GDR-controlled 'Bahnpolizei', the Reichsbahn's railway police, were authorised to patrol station premises and other railway property in the whole city including West Berlin.[citation needed] The legal necessity of keeping the term 'Deutsche Reichsbahn' explains the surprising use of the word 'Reich' (with its Imperial and Nazi connotations) in the name of an official organisation of the communist GDR.
After the Berlin Blockade transit trains (German: Transitzüge) would leave and enter West Berlin only via one line through Berlin-Wannsee railway station (W) and Potsdam Griebnitzsee railway station (E). All transit trains would start or end in East Berlin, passing through West Berlin with only one stop in the Western Berlin Zoologischer Garten railway station, which became West Berlin's main railway station. Until 1952, the Reichsbahn also permitted stops at other stations on the way through the Western sectors.[citation needed]
Many Reichsbahn employees working in West Berlin were West Berliners. Their East German employer, whose proceeds from ticket sales for Western Deutsche Marks contributed to East Germany's foreign revenues, tried to hold down wage social security contributions in Western Deutsche Mark. Therefore, West Berlin employees of the Reichsbahn were paid partly in Eastern German currency. They could spend this money in East Germany and take their purchases to West Berlin, which other Westerners could not do to the same extent. West Berlin employees were trained in East Germany and employed under East German labour laws.[55] West Berliners employed by the Reichsbahn were not included in the Western health insurance system either. The Reichsbahn ran its own hospital for them in West Berlin, the building of which is now used as the headquarters of Bombardier Transportation. For certain patients, the Reichsbahn would facilitate treatment in a hospital in East Berlin. In medical emergencies, the employees could use West Berlin doctors and hospitals, which would then be paid for by the Reichsbahn.[citation needed]
The GDR used the western stations to distribute propaganda and display posters with slogans like "Americans Go Home." On 1 May, May Day, a state holiday in East and West, S-Bahn trains were sometimes decorated with the East German banner and a red flag.
Waterways
[edit]
Two waterways via the rivers and canals Havel and Mittellandkanal were open for inland navigation, but only freight vessels were allowed to cross from West Berlin into East German waters. The Havel crossed at the East German border in Nedlitz (a part of Potsdam-Bornstedt), continuing through the Elbe-Havel Canal and then either taking the Elbe northwestwards crossing the border again at Cumlosen (E)/Schnackenburg (W) or westwards following the Mittellandkanal to Buchhorst (Oebisfelde) (E)/Rühen (W). Western freight vessels could stop only at dedicated service areas, because the East German government wanted to prevent any East Germans from boarding them.
In July and August 1945, the Western Allies and the Soviet Union decided that the operation and maintenance of the waterways and locks, which were previously run by the national German directorate for inland navigation (German: Wasser- und Schifffahrtsamt Berlin), should be continued and reconstructed in all four sectors.[56] Except for the originally city-owned Neukölln Ship Canal and some canals built later (e.g. Westhafen Canal) and locks, West Berlin had no separate inland navigation authority, but the East Berlin-based authority operated most waterways and locks, their lockmasters employed by the East.[56] Because of their negligent maintenance, the western Allies later transferred their control to the Senate of Berlin (West).[57]
The western entrance to the Teltowkanal, connecting several industrial areas of West Berlin for heavy freight transport, was blocked by East Germany in Potsdam-Klein Glienicke. Therefore, vessels going to the Teltowkanal had to take a detour via the river Spree through West and East Berlin's city centre to enter the canal from the East. On 20 November 1981, East Germany reopened the western entrance, which required two more vessel border checkpoints – Dreilinden and Kleinmachnow – because the waterway crossed the border between East Germany and West Berlin four times.[citation needed]
Air traffic
[edit]
Air traffic was the only connection between West Berlin and the Western world that was not directly under East German control. On 4 July 1948, British European Airways opened the first regular service for civilians between West Berlin and Hamburg.[58] Tickets were originally sold for pounds sterling only.[citation needed] West Berliners and West Germans who had earlier fled East Germany or East Berlin, and thus could face imprisonment on entering East Germany or East Berlin, could only take flights for travel to and from West Berlin.[59] To enable individuals threatened by East German imprisonment to fly to and from West Berlin the West German government subsidised the flights.[citation needed]
Flights between West Germany and West Berlin were under Allied control by the quadripartite Berlin Air Safety Center. According to permanent agreements, three air corridors to West Germany were provided, which were open only for British, French, or U.S. military planes or civilian planes registered with companies in those countries.[citation needed]
The airspace controlled by the Berlin Air Safety Center comprised a radius of 32 km (20 mi) around the seat of the center in the Kammergericht building in Berlin-Schöneberg – thus covering most of East and West Berlin and the three corridors, of the same width – one northwestwards to Hamburg (Fuhlsbüttel Airport), one westwards to Hanover, and one southwestwards to Frankfurt upon Main (Rhein-Main Air Base).
The West German airline Lufthansa and most other international airlines were not permitted to fly to West Berlin. Flights by Lufthansa or the East German airline Interflug servicing connections between East and West Germany (such as between Düsseldorf and Hamburg in West Germany and the East German city of Leipzig) began in August 1989, but these routes had to go through Czechoslovak or Danish airspace.[citation needed]
Traffic between West Berlin and East Germany
[edit]
Until 1953, travelling from West Berlin into East Germany (German Democratic Republic (GDR)) fell under Interzonal traffic regulations overseen by the three Allied military governments (the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SVAG), the Control Commission for Germany – British Element, and the Office of Military Government/United States (OMGUS)). On 27 May 1952, East Germany closed its border with West Germany and its 115 km (71 mi)-long border with West Berlin. From then on West Berliners required a permit to enter East Germany. East German border checkpoints were established in East German suburbs of West Berlin, and most streets were gradually closed for interzonal travel into East Germany. The last checkpoint to remain open was located at the Glienicker Brücke near Potsdam, until it was also closed by East Germany on 3 July 1953. The checkpoint at Staaken's Heerstraße remained open only for transit traffic to West Germany.[citation needed]
This caused hardship for many West Berlin residents, especially those who had friends and family in East Germany. However, East Germans could still enter West Berlin. A number of cemeteries located in East Germany were also affected by the closure. Many church congregations in Berlin owned cemeteries outside the city, so many West Berlin congregations had cemeteries that were located in East Germany. For example, the Friedhof vor Charlottenburg (in Cemetery in front/outside of Charlottenburg) was located in the East German suburb of Dallgow, yet belonged to Catholic congregations in Berlin-Charlottenburg. Many West Berliners wishing to visit the grave of a relative or friend on cemeteries located in East Germany were now unable to do so. Until 1961, East Germany occasionally issued permits to West Berliners to visit the cemeteries on the Catholic feast of All Saints on 1 November and on the Protestant Day of Repentance and Prayer.[citation needed]
In 1948–1952, the Reichsbahn connected the western suburbs of West Berlin to its S-Bahn network. Train routes servicing these suburbs formerly went through West Berlin stations, but ceased to make stops in the western stations or terminated service before entering West Berlin. Private West Berlin railway lines like the Neukölln–Mittenwalde railway (Neukölln-Mittenwalder Eisenbahn, NME), connecting the East German Mittenwalde with West Berlin-Neukölln and the Bötzowbahn between West Berlin-Spandau and East German Hennigsdorf, were disrupted at the border between West Berlin and East Germany on 26 October 1948 and August 1950, respectively.
Tramways and bus routes that connected West Berlin with its East German suburbs and were operated by West Berlin's public transport operator Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe Gesellschaft (BVG West) ceased operation on 14 October 1950, after West Berlin tram and bus drivers had been repeatedly stopped and arrested by East German police for having western currency on them, considered a crime in the East.[60] The BVG (West) terminated route sections that extended into East Germany, like the southern end of tram line 47 to Schönefeld, the southwestern end of tram line 96 to Kleinmachnow, as well as two bus lines to Glienicke at the Nordbahn, north, and to Falkensee, northwest of West Berlin.[60] The East German section of tram line 96 continued operating with eastern personnel and cars, obliging the eastern passengers – rarely westerners who needed special permits to enter East Germany – to change from eastern into western trains crossing the border by foot, until it was closed by the Wall.[61]
The Reichsbahn shut down all of its West Berlin terminal stations and redirected its trains to stations in East Berlin, starting with Berlin Görlitzer Bahnhof – closed on 29 April 1951 – before serving rail traffic with Görlitz and the southeast of East Germany. On 28 August 1951, trains usually serving Berlin Lehrter Bahnhof were redirected to stations in East Berlin, while trains from West Germany were redirected to the Western Berlin Zoologischer Garten. The Reichsbahn also closed down both Berlin Anhalter Bahnhof and Berlin Nordbahnhof, on 18 May 1952.[62]
On 28 August 1951, the Reichsbahn opened a new connection – from Spandau via Berlin Jungfernheide station – for the S-Bahn lines connecting East German suburbs to the west of West Berlin (namely Falkensee, Staaken) with East Berlin, thus circumventing the centre of West Berlin. In June 1953, the Reichsbahn further cut off West Berlin from its East German suburbs by the introduction of additional express S-Bahn trains (German: Durchläufer). These routes originated from several East German suburbs bordering West Berlin (such as Falkensee, Potsdam, Oranienburg, Staaken, and Velten), crossing West Berlin non-stop until reaching its destinations in East Berlin. However, the regular S-Bahn connections with West Berlin's East German suburbs, stopping at every Western station, continued. From 17 June to 9 July 1953, East Germany blocked off all traffic between East and West due to the Uprising of 1953 in East Germany.
From 4 October 1953, all S-Bahn trains crossing the border between East Germany and Berlin had to pass a border checkpoint in East Germany. Travellers from East Germany were checked before entering any part of Berlin, to identify individuals intending to escape into West Berlin or smuggling rationed or rare goods into West Berlin. S-Bahn trains were checked at Hoppegarten, Mahlow, and Zepernick in East Germany bordering East Berlin and in Hohen Neuendorf, Potsdam-Griebnitzsee, and Staaken-Albrechtshof in East Germany bordering West Berlin. On 4 June 1954, the Bahnhof Hennigsdorf Süd station located next to West Berlin was opened solely for border controls, also to monitor West Berliners entering or leaving East Berlin, which they could still do freely, while they were not allowed to cross into East Germany proper without a special permit.
In 1951, the Reichsbahn began construction work on the Berlin outer-circle railway line. This circular line connected all train routes heading for West Berlin and accommodated all domestic GDR traffic, thus directing railway traffic into East Berlin while by-passing West Berlin. Commuters in the East German suburbs around West Berlin now boarded Sputnik express trains, which took them into East Berlin without crossing any western sectors. With the completion of the outer-circle railway, there was no further need for express S-Bahn trains crossing the West Berlin border and thus their service ended on 4 May 1958, while stopping S-Bahn trains continued service. However, while East Germans could get off in West Berlin, West Berliners needed the hard-to get permits to enter East Germany by S-Bahn. With the construction of the Berlin Wall on 13 August 1961, all remaining railway traffic between West Berlin and its East German suburbs ended. Rail traffic between East and West Berlin was sharply reduced and restricted to a small number of checkpoints under GDR control. East Berliners and East Germans were then unable to freely enter and leave West Berlin. However, international visitors could obtain visas for East Berlin upon crossing one of the checkpoints at the Wall.[citation needed]
Following the policy of détente of the Federal Government under Chancellor Willy Brandt, West Berliners could again apply for visas to visit East Germany, which were granted more freely than in the period until 1961. On 4 June 1972, West Berlin's public transport operator BVG could open its first bus line into the East German suburbs since 1950 (line E to Potsdam via Checkpoint Bravo as it was known to the US military). This route was open only to persons bearing all the necessary East German permits and visas. For visits to East Germany, West Berliners could use four checkpoints along the East German border around West Berlin: The two road transit checkpoints Dreilinden (W)/Drewitz (E) and Berlin-Heiligensee (W)/Stolpe (E) as well as the old transit checkpoint at Heerstraße (W)/Staaken (E) and the checkpoint at Waltersdorfer Chaussee (W)/Schönefeld (E), which was also open for travellers boarding international flights at Schönefeld Airport.[citation needed]
Traffic between East and West Berlin
[edit]
While East and West Berlin became formally separate jurisdictions in September 1948, and while there were travel restrictions in all other directions for more than a decade, freedom of movement existed between the western sectors and the eastern sector of the city. However, time and again Soviet and later East German authorities imposed temporary restrictions for certain persons, certain routes, and certain means of transport. Gradually the eastern authorities disconnected and separated the two parts of the city.[citation needed]
While the Soviets blocked all transport to West Berlin (Berlin Blockade between 24 June 1948 to 12 May 1949), they increased food supplies in East Berlin in order to gain the compliance of West Berliners who at that time still had free access to East Berlin. West Berliners buying food in East Berlin were regarded as approving of the Soviet attempt to get rid of the Western Allies in West Berlin. This was seen as support by the communists and as treason by most Westerners. Until that time all over Germany food and other necessary supplies had been available only with ration stamps issued by one's municipality. This was the case in East Berlin until the Communist putsch in Berlin's city government in September 1948 – the unitary City Council of Greater Berlin (German: Magistrat von Groß Berlin) for East and West.[citation needed]
By July 1948 a mere 19,000 West Berliners out of a total of almost 2 million covered their food requirements in East Berlin. Thus, 99% of West Berliners preferred to live on shorter supplies than before the Blockade, to show support for the Western Allies' position. In West Germany rationing of most products ended with the introduction of the Western Deutsche Mark on 21 June 1948. The new currency was also introduced in West Berlin on 24 June and this, at least officially, was the justification for the Soviet Blockade due to which rationing in West Berlin had to continue. However, in the course of the Berlin Air Lift some supplies were increased beyond the pre-Blockade level and therefore rationing of certain goods in West Berlin was stopped.[63]
While West Berliners were officially welcome to buy food in East Berlin, the Soviets tried to prevent them from buying other essential supplies, particularly coal and other fuel. For this reason, on 9 November 1948, they opened checkpoints on 70 streets entering West Berlin and closed the others for horse carriages, lorries and cars, later (16 March 1949) the Soviets erected roadblocks on the closed streets. From 15 November 1948, West Berlin ration stamps were no longer accepted in East Berlin.[citation needed] All the same, the Soviets started a campaign with the slogan The smart West Berliner buys at the HO (German: Der kluge West-Berliner kauft in der HO), the HO being the Soviet zone chain of shops. They also opened so-called "Free Shops" in the Eastern Sector, offering supplies without ration stamps, but denominated at extremely high prices in Eastern Deutsche Marks. Ordinary East and West Berliners could only afford to buy there if they had income in Western Deutsche Mark and bartered the needed Eastern Deutsche Mark on the spontaneous currency markets, which developed in the British sector at the Zoo station.[citation needed] Their demand and supply determined a barter ratio in favour of the Western Deutsche Mark with more than 2 Eastern Deutsche Marks offered for one Western Deutsche Mark. After the Blockade, when holders of Western Deutsche Marks could buy as much they could afford, up to five and six east marks were offered for one west mark. In the East, however, the Soviets had arbitrarily decreed a rate of 1 for 1 and exchanging at other rates was criminalised.
On 12 May 1949, the Blockade ended and all roadblocks and checkpoints between East and West Berlin were removed. The Berlin Airlift, however, continued until 30 September 1949 in order to build up supplies in West Berlin (the so-called Senate Reserve), in readiness for another possible blockade, thus ensuring that an airlift could then be restarted with ease. On 2 May 1949, power stations in East Berlin started again to supply West Berlin with sufficient electricity. Before then, electrical supply had been reduced to just a few hours a day after the normal supplies had been interrupted at the start of the Blockade.[citation needed] However, the Western Allies and the West Berlin City Council decided to be self-sufficient in terms of electricity generation capacity, to be independent of Eastern supplies and not to be held to ransom by the eastern authorities. On 1 December 1949 the new power station West (German: Kraftwerk West, in 1953 renamed after the former Governing Mayor of West Berlin into Kraftwerk Reuter West) went online and West Berlin's electricity board declared independence from Eastern supplies. However, for a time Eastern electricity continued to be supplied albeit intermittently. Supply was interrupted from 1 July until the end of 1950 and then started again until 4 March 1952, when the East finally switched it off. From then on West Berlin turned into an 'electricity island' within a pan-European electricity grid that had developed from the 1920s, because electricity transfers between East and West Germany never fully ceased.[citation needed]
In 1952, West Berliners were restricted entry to East Germany proper by means of a hard-to-obtain East German permit. Free entry to East Berlin remained possible until 1961 and the building of the Wall. Berlin's underground (Untergrundbahn, U-Bahn) and Berlin's S-Bahn (a metropolitan public transit network), rebuilt after the war, continued to span all occupation sectors. Many people lived in one half of the city and had family, friends, and jobs in the other. However, the East continuously reduced the means of public transport between East and West, with private cars being a very rare privilege in the East and still a luxury in the West.[citation needed]
Starting on 15 January 1953 the tram network was interrupted. East Berlin's public transport operator Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG-East, BVB as of 1 January 1969) staffed all trams, whose lines crossed the sectorial border, with women drivers, who were not permitted as drivers by the BVG (West), West Berlin's public transport operator. Instead of changing the Western rules, so that the Easterly intended interruption of the cross-border tram traffic would not happen, the BVG (West) insisted on male drivers. Cross-border tram traffic ended on 16 January.[64] In East German propaganda this was a point for the East, arguing that the West did not allow drivers coming with their trams from the East to continue along their line into the West, but remaining silent on the fact that the end of cross-border tram traffic was most welcome to the East. The underground and the S-Bahn networks, except the above-mentioned traverse S-Bahn trains, continued to provide services between East and West Berlin. However, occasionally the East Berlin police – in the streets and on cross-border trains in East Berlin – identified suspicious behaviour (such as carrying heavy loads westwards) and watched out for unwelcome Westerners.[citation needed]
Occasionally, West Germans were banned from entering East Berlin. This was the case between 29 August and 1 September 1960, when ex-prisoners of war and deportees, homecomers (German: Heimkehrer), from all around West Germany and West Berlin met for a convention in that city. The homecomers released mostly from a long detention in the Soviet Union were unwelcome in East Berlin.[65] As they could not be recognised through their identification papers, all West Germans were banned from East Berlin during those days. West Berliners were allowed, since the quadripartite Allied status quo provided for their free movement around all four sectors. From 8 September 1960 on, the East subjected all West Germans to apply for a permit before entering East Berlin.[66][67]
As the communist government in the East gained tighter control, and the economic recovery in the West significantly outperformed the East, more than a hundred thousand East Germans and East Berliners left East Germany and East Berlin for the West every year. East Germany closed the borders between East and West Germany and sealed off the border with West Berlin in 1952; but because of the quadripartite Allied status of the city, the 46 km (29 mi)-long sectorial border between East and West Berlin remained open.
To stop this drain of people defecting, the East German government built the Berlin Wall, thus physically closing off West Berlin from East Berlin and East Germany, on 13 August 1961. All Eastern streets, bridges, paths, windows, doors, gates, and sewers opening to West Berlin were systematically sealed off by walls, concrete barriers, barbed wire, and/or bars. The Wall was directed against the Easterners, who by its construction were no longer allowed to leave the East, except with an Eastern permit, not usually granted. Westerners were still granted visas on entering East Berlin. Initially eight street checkpoints were opened, and one checkpoint in the Berlin Friedrichstraße railway station, which was reached by one line of the Western underground (today's U 6), two Western S-Bahn lines, one under and one above ground (approximately today's S 2 and S 3, however, lines changed significantly from 1990 onwards), and transit trains between West Germany and West Berlin started and ended there.
The eight street checkpoints were – from North to South along the Wall – on Bornholmer Straße, Chausseestraße, Invalidenstraße, Berlin Friedrichstraße station, Friedrichstraße (Checkpoint Charlie in US military denomination, since this crossing was to their sector), Heinrich-Heine-Straße, Oberbaumbrücke, and Sonnenallee.[68]
When the construction of the Wall started after midnight early on 13 August, West Berlin's Governing Mayor Willy Brandt was on a West German federal election campaigning tour in West Germany. Arriving by train in Hanover at 4 am he was informed about the Wall and flew to West Berlin's Tempelhof Central Airport.
Over the course of the day he protested along with many other West Berliners on Potsdamer Platz and at the Brandenburg Gate. On 14 August, under the pretext that Western demonstrations necessitated it, the East closed the checkpoint at the Brandenburg Gate 'until further notice', a situation that was to last until 22 December 1989, when it was finally reopened.
On 26 August 1961, East Germany generally banned West Berliners from entering the Eastern sector. West Germans and other nationals, however, could still get visas on entering East Berlin. Since intra-city phone lines had been cut by the East already in May 1952 (see below) the only remaining way of communication with family or friends on the other side was by mail or at meeting in a motorway restaurant on a transit route, because the transit traffic remained unaffected throughout.[citation needed]
On 18 May 1962 East Germany opened the so-called Tränenpalast checkpoint hall (Palace of Tears) at Berlin Friedrichstraße station, where Easterners had to say a sometimes tearful farewell to returning Westerners as well as the few Easterners who had managed to get a permit to visit the West. Until June 1963 the East deepened its border zone around West Berlin in East Germany and East Berlin by clearing existing buildings and vegetation to create an open field of view, sealed off by the Berlin Wall towards the West and a second wall or fence of similar characteristics to the East, observed by armed men in towers, with orders to shoot at escapees.[citation needed]
Finally, in 1963, West Berliners were again allowed to visit East Berlin. On this occasion a further checkpoint for pedestrians only was opened on the Oberbaumbrücke. West Berliners were granted visas for a one-day visit between 17 December 1963 and 5 January the following year. 1.2 million out of a total 1.9 million West Berliners visited East Berlin during this period. In 1964, 1965, and 1966 East Berlin was opened again to West Berliners, but each time only for a limited period.
East Germany assigned different legal statuses to East Germans, East Berliners, West Germans, and West Berliners, as well as citizens from other countries in the world. Until 1990 East Germany designated each Border crossings in East Berlin for certain categories of persons, with only one street checkpoint being open simultaneously for West Berliners and West Germans (Bornholmer Straße) and Berlin Friedrichstraße railway station being open for all travellers.[citation needed]
On 9 September 1964, the East German Council of Ministers (government) decided to allow Eastern pensioners to visit family in West Germany or West Berlin. According to the specified regulations valid from 2 November on Eastern pensioners could apply and were usually allowed, to travel into the West to visit relatives once a year for a maximum of four weeks. If pensioners decided not to return, the government did not miss them as manpower, unlike younger Easterners, who were subject to a system of labour and employment, which demanded that almost everybody work in the Eastern command production system.
On 2 December 1964 East Germany, always short of hard currency, decreed that every Western visitor had to buy a minimum of 5 Eastern Mark der Deutschen Notenbank per day (MDN,[69] 1964–1968 the official name of the East German mark, to distinguish it from the West Deutsche Mark) at the still held arbitrary compulsory rate of 1:1. The 5 marks had to be spent, as exporting Eastern currency was illegal, which is why importing it after having bargained for it at the currency market at Zoo station was also illegal. Western pensioners and children were spared from the compulsory exchange (officially in German: Mindestumtausch, i.e. minimum exchange). Not long after East Germany held the first cash harvest from the new compulsory exchange rules by allowing West Berliners to visit East Berlin once more for a day during the Christmas season. The following year, 1965, East Germany opened the travelling season for West Berliners on 18 December. In 1966 it opened for a second harvest of Western money between the Easter (10 April) and Pentecost (29 May) holidays and later again at Christmas.[citation needed]
The situation only changed fundamentally after 11 December 1971 when, representing the two German states, Egon Bahr from the West and Michael Kohl from the East signed the Transit Agreement. This was followed by a similar agreement for West Berliners, once more allowing regular visits to East Germany and East Berlin.[citation needed]
After ratification of the Agreement and specifying the relevant regulations, West Berliners could apply for the first time again for visas for any chosen date to East Berlin or East Germany from 3 October 1972 onwards. If granted, a one-day-visa entitled West Berliners to travel to the East until 2 am the following day. The visitors were now spared the visa fee of 5 Western Deutsche Marks, not to be confused with the compulsory exchange amounting to the same sum, but yielding in return 5 Eastern marks. This financial relief did not last long, because on 15 November 1973 East Germany doubled the compulsory exchange to 10 Eastern marks, payable in West German Deutsche Marks at par.[citation needed]
One-day visas for East Berlin were now issued in a quickened procedure; visas for longer stays and visas for East Germany proper needed a prior application, which could be a lengthy procedure. To facilitate applications for West Berliners seeking such Eastern visas, the GDR Foreign Ministry was later allowed to open Offices for the Affairs of Visits and Travelling (German: Büros für Besuchs- und Reiseangelegenheiten) in West Berlin, which were not allowed to show any official symbols of East Germany. The Eastern officials working commuted every morning and evening between East and West Berlin. Their uniforms showed no official symbols except the name Büro für Besuchs- und Reiseangelegenheiten. They accepted visa applications and handed out confirmed visas issued in the East to the West Berlin applicants. A shed formerly housing one such Büro für Besuchs- und Reiseangelegenheiten can be found on Waterlooufer 5–7 in Berlin-Kreuzberg, close to Hallesches Tor underground station.[70]
Another form of traffic between East and West Berlin was the transfer of West Berlin's sewage into East Berlin and East Germany through the sewer pipes built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The sewage flowed into the East because most of the pre-war sewage treatment facilities, mostly sewage farms, happened to be in the East after the division of the city. Sewer pipes, however, once discovered as a way to flee the East, were blocked by bars. West Berlin paid for the treatment of its sewage in Western Deutsche Marks which were desperately needed by the East German government. Since the methods used in the East did not meet Western standards, West Berlin increased the capacity of modern sewage treatment within its own territory, such that the amount of its sewage treated in the East had been considerably reduced by the time the Wall came down.
The situation with refuse was similar. The removal, burning or disposal of the ever-growing amount of West Berlin's rubbish became a costly problem, but here too an agreement was found since West Berlin would pay in Western Deutsche Marks. On 11 December 1974 East Germany and West Berlin's garbage utility company BSR signed a contract to dispose of refuse on a dump right beside the Wall in East German Groß-Ziethen (today a part of Schönefeld). An extra checkpoint, solely open for Western bin lorries (garbage trucks), was opened there. Later on, a second dump, further away, was opened in Vorketzin, a part of Ketzin.[citation needed]
As for the S-Bahn, operated throughout Berlin by the East German Reichsbahn, the construction of the Wall meant a serious disruption of its integrated network, especially of the Berlin's circular S-Bahn line around all of the Western and Eastern inner city. The lines were separated and those mostly located in West Berlin were continued, but only accessible from West Berlin with all access in East Berlin closed. However, even before the Wall had been built, West Berliners increasingly refrained from using the S-Bahn, since boycotts against it were issued, the argument being that every S-Bahn ticket bought provided the GDR government with valuable Western Deutsche Marks.[citation needed]
Usage dropped further as the Western public transport operator BVG (West) offered parallel bus lines and expanded its network of underground lines. After the construction of the Wall, ridership fell so much that running the S-Bahn lines in West Berlin turned into a loss-making exercise: wages and maintenance – however badly it was carried out – cost more than income from ticket sales. Finally, the Reichsbahn agreed to surrender operation of the S-Bahn in West Berlin, as had been determined by all Allies in 1945, and on 29 December 1983 the Allies, the Senate of Berlin (West; i.e. the city state government) and the Reichsbahn signed an agreement to change the operator from Reichsbahn to BVG (West) which took effect on 9 January 1984.[71]
On 9 November 1989 East Germany opened the borders for East Germans and East Berliners, who could then freely enter West Berlin. West Berlin itself had never restricted their entry. For West Berliners and West Germans the opening of the border for free entry lasted longer. The regulation concerning one-day-visas on entering the East and the compulsory minimum exchange of 25 Western Deutsche Marks by 1989, continued. However, more checkpoints were opened. Finally, on 22 December 1989, East Germany granted West Berliners and West Germans free entry without charge at the existing checkpoints, demanding only valid papers. Eastern controls were slowly eased into spot checks and finally abolished on 30 June 1990, the day East and West introduced the union concerning currency, economy and social security (German: Währungs-, Wirtschafts- und Sozialunion).[citation needed]
Traffic between different parts of West Berlin crossing the East
[edit]
When the Wall was built in 1961, three metro lines starting in northern parts of West Berlin passed through tunnels under the Eastern city centre and ended again in southern parts of West Berlin. The lines concerned were today's underground lines U 6 and U 8 and the S-Bahn line S 2 (today partly also used by other lines). On the sealing off of West Berlin from East Berlin by the Berlin Wall the entrances of the stations on these lines located in East Berlin were shut. However, western trains were allowed to continue to pass through without stopping. Passengers of these trains experienced the empty and barely lit ghost stations where time had stood still since 13 August 1961. West Berlin's public transport operator BVG (West) paid the east an annual charge in Western Deutsche Marks for its underground lines to use the tunnels under East Berlin. U 6 and S 2 also had one subterranean stop at the Eastern Berlin Friedrichstraße railway station, the only station beneath East Berlin where western U Bahn trains were still allowed to stop. Passengers could change there between U 6, S 2 and the elevated S 3 (then starting and ending in Friedrichstraße) or for the transit trains to West Germany, buy duty-free tobacco and liquor for Western marks in GDR-run Intershop kiosks, or enter East Berlin through a checkpoint right in the station.[citation needed]
See also
[edit]
Berlin Crisis of 1961
1986 West Berlin discotheque bombing
Berlin Brigade
History of Germany (1945–1990)
Judgment in Berlin
List of Commandants of Berlin Sectors
List of divided cities
RAF Gatow
Spandau Prison
Stunde Null
United States Army Berlin
Berlin Airlift
Further reading
[edit]
Durie, William (2012). The British Garrison Berlin 1945–1994: nowhere to go ... a pictorial historiography of the British Military occupation / presence in Berlin. Berlin: Vergangenheitsverlag (de). ISBN 978-3-86408-068-5. OCLC 978161722.
Vysotsky, Viktor. West Berlin. Moscow: Progress Publishers. 1974.
References
[edit]
Berlin 1969 in the forgotten midpoint of the Cold War...twenty years after the Berlin Blockade...twenty years before the fall of the Berlin Wall
Berlin Exclaves
History of the Western Allies in Berlin
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Berlin Travel Guide: Top Things to Do and See
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Insider's Guide to Berlin in Germany – everything you need to know. Discover the best attractions, things to do & see and restaurants.
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Berlin is different. This is something you will notice immediately just walking down the streets. The city of Berlin is the most hipster and artsy destination we know, amongst all the German-speaking countries. It is anything but spruced up. We would not necessarily say that Berlin is beautiful in the classical sense. However, we do believe that you should experience at least once, the unique charm of this city.
In this travel guide, we will share with you what you can expect on your trip to Berlin. Which sights should you not miss? What are the top things to do and see in Berlin? Where are some good places for coffee and lunch? And very importantly, our hotel tips for where you should stay. After countless trips to Berlin, we have summarised our best tips for you.
1. Travel Guide Berlin: What to Do and See
Brandenburg Gate
One thing is for certain: You simply cannot miss the landmark of Berlin. It is one of the top things to see in Berlin. The classical gate of triumph is considered a symbol of the turbulent history of the division and reunification of Germany.
The Brandenburg Gate itself is quickly explored, as there are no museums or exhibitions to visit nearby. Nevertheless, we like to simply admire the beautiful structure and would recommend you to come twice if you can. Once during the day and once in the evening, because the illuminated Brandenburg Gate is quite stunning when contrasted against the night.
Information about visiting the Brandenburg Gate
Address: Pariser Platz, 10117 Berlin
Getting there: U-Bahn or S-Bahn to Brandenburger Tor Station
Berlin Dome
The largest church in Berlin is also very worth seeing. There is a little special activity waiting for you here: you can actually climb up to the top of the Berlin Dome. There are 270 steps to conquer before you can enjoy the magnificent view, directly overlooking Berlin Mitte and the Museum island. Definitely a highlight!
Our tip: You can do some great long exposures at the back of the Berlin Dome from the banks of the Spree river.
Information about visiting the Berlin Dome
Address: Am Lustgarten, 10178 Berlin
Getting there: U-Bahn or S-Bahn to Alexanderplatz Station, S-Bahn to Hackescher Markt Station
Admission: 9 Euros
East Side Gallery
Who hasn’t heard of the famous street art mural showing the kiss between Brezhnev and Honecker? It is located on the longest surviving section of the Berlin Wall, the so-called East Side Gallery.
The East Side Gallery houses a total of 100 paintings and over 1.3 km. This makes the East Side Gallery the largest open-air gallery in the world. You can either walk along Warschauer Straße or Ostbahnhof. There is no other place in Berlin where the history of division and reunification is as present as it is here.
Information about visiting the East Side Gallery
Address: Mühlenstraße 3-100, 10243 Berlin
Getting there: U-Bahn/S-Bahn to Warschauer Straße Station
Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
The striking Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church is one of the most important sights in Berlin. It consists of a historic church ruin and two new buildings, which stands as a memorial against the war.
A very well known sight, is the view of the altar inside the octagonal building. The front face of the new building is decorated with stained glass art, however the interesting fact here is: the reason why the stained glass windows glow so intensely blue, is actually due to the LED lights behind them.
Information about the visit of the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
Address: Breitscheidplatz, 10789 Berlin
Getting there: U-Bahn or S-Bahn to Zoologischer Garten Station or U-Bahn to Kurfürstendamm Station
Reichstag Building
The Reichstag building is one of the most famous and beautiful buildings in Berlin. This historic building was renovated in the 90s with an extension of the glass dome and observation deck, which you can visit.
Entrance to the dome is free but you do have to register in advance. For more information, you can visit the official website of the German Bundestag: Reichstag Building – Dome & Roof Terrace.
Perhaps you would rather take part in a guided tour? Then maybe this will be of interest to you: Guided Tour of Parliamentary District & Reichstag with Plenary Hall and Dome.
Information about the visit of the Reichstag building
Address: Platz der Republik 1, 11011 Berlin
Getting there: U-Bahn to Bundestag Station
Holocaust Memorial
One of the most impressive places to visit in Berlin is the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe – also known as the Holocaust Memorial in short. It consists of 2711 different sized concrete blocks, which are strung together across a huge area. While you can view the memorial from the outside, there are also many gentle sloping corridors for you to stroll around.
The memorial is accessible for free at any time of the day. There is also an underground exhibition that is very worth seeing, called the “Place of Information”. This exhibition is open every day except Mondays.
Information about visiting the Holocaust Memorial
Address: Cora-Berliner-Strasse 1, 10117 Berlin
Getting there: U-Bahn or S-Bahn to Brandenburger Tor Station
Admission: Free
Jewish Museum Berlin
Not to be confused with the Holocaust Memorial, the Jewish Museum of Berlin is the largest Jewish museum in all of Europe in fact, and we find its elaborate designs very impressive.
If you are in Berlin for a long time or perhaps looking for an alternative on a rainy day, then we can certainly recommend a visit.
Information about the visit to the Jewish Museum
Address: Lindenstraße 9-14, 10969 Berlin
Getting there: U-Bahn to Hallesches Tor Station
Admission: 8 Euros
Checkpoint Charlie
This former border crossing of historically divided Berlin is well known, but is not one of the big highlights of the city, in our opinion. Nowadays, at Checkpoint Charlie, you’ll find somewhat of a remodelled guardhouse with “soldiers”. Our conclusion: perhaps worth seeing once if it fascinates you, but there are much more exciting places in Berlin.
Information about visiting Checkpoint Charlie
Address: Friedrichstrasse 43-45, 10117 Berlin
Getting there: U-Bahn to Kochstraße/Checkpoint Charlie Station
Hackesche Höfe
The Hackesche Höfe is a complex of historic buildings and, as the name Höfe (meaning courtyard) suggests, it consists of a total of eight courtyards in its complex. In these courtyards, you will find several shops, restaurants and cafes. They even have a cinema here.
Some of the building fronts are very artistically curated, so it might be worthwhile to walk through the courtyards at least once to admire the all various art works. The Haus Schwarzenberg courtyard was the one that stood out the most to us with its crumbling walls and scattered graffiti art. In this particular courtyard, you will also find the entrance to the Anne Frank Center as well as to the Museum Blindenwerkstatt Otto Weidt.
Information about visiting the Hackesche Höfe
Address: Rosenthaler Straße 40-41, 10178 Berlin
Getting there: S-Bahn to Hackescher Markt Station
2. The Best Lookout Points Over Berlin
Siegessäule – Victory Column
One of our favourite views of Berlin is from the Siegessäule or Victory Column in English. At 50 meters high, there are just 285 steps separating you from the viewing platform. Once at the top, you are greeted with a stunning panoramic view in all directions. The viewing platform is very narrow and sometimes it can be quite windy, but the view is just a dream.
Our tip: Depending on the season, you can witness an incredible sunset from the Siegessäule – Victory Column. Unfortunately, they close the gates too early for sunsets during the summer months, but you might get lucky during the winter months and even certain months in autumn and spring. If the weather is on your side, the view can be really stunning!
Information about visiting the Siegessäule – Victory Column
Address: Großer Stern 1, 10557 Berlin
Getting there: S-Bahn to Bellevue Station or U-Bahn to Hansaplatz Station
Admission: 4 Euros
Berlin TV Tower – Fernsehturm
The Berlin TV Tower is the classic when it comes to lookout points in Berlin. At 368 metres high, this makes it the tallest building in Germany. After all, the viewing platform is around 200 meters high and you have a spectacular view over Berlin.
However, the Berlin TV tower has two disadvantages in our opinion: Firstly, it is strictly an indoor viewing platform behind glass panels. While this is understandable from a safety point of view, the feeling you get is, of course, different from that of an open-air terrace.
The second drawback is the costly ticket price. In addition, if you buy your tickets on site, you will have to allow extra time ‘in line’. On our most recent visit to Berlin, we ended up waiting two hours. Therefore, you’ll see many people take advantage of the Fast View Ticket, which you can order online and directly select your desired time of visit.
You can view buy your ticket in advance here: Fast View Ticket
Information about the visit of the Berlin TV Tower
Address: Panoramastrasse 1A, 10178 Berlin
Getting there: U-Bahn or S-Bahn to Alexanderplatz Station
Admission: 24,50 Euros (Fast View Ticket)
Panoramapunkt – Panoramic Point
You could call the Panoramapunkt (Panoramic Point) at Potsdamer Platz a little secret. The viewing platform is “only” 100 meters high, much lower than the Fernsehturm (TV Tower). But as this is an open-air lookout point, it gives you a different feeling and has its own charm. You can get up to the platform in as little as 20 seconds with what is supposedly the fastest lift in Europe.
However, the highlight here is not only the view of Berlin, but also the architecture of the Panoramic Point itself, which has obviously been designed to look like a mirror image!
You can buy your ticket in advance here: Panoramapunkt Berlin
Information about visiting the Panoramic Point
Address: Potsdamer Platz 1, 10785 Berlin
Getting there: U-Bahn / S-Bahn to Potsdamer Platz Station
Admission: 9 Euros
3. Our Favourite Cafes and Restaurants in Berlin: Culinarly Travel Guide
Monkey Bar & NENI at the 25hours Hotel Bikini Berlin
NENI is a restaurant chain also found in our hometown of Vienna. It is one we have known and loved for years, so you can imagine our excitement when we realised they opened up another branch in Berlin. They serve creative Israeli and Mediterranean dishes here.
The restaurant is located on the 10th floor of the 25hours Hotel, so you have a great view over the Tiergarten – Animal Park. If you’re just feeling like a drink, then you’re in good hands at the Monkey Bar.
Address: Budapester Strasse 40, 10787 BerlinGetting there: U-Bahn / S-Bahn to Zoologischer Garten Station or U-Bahn to Kurfürstendamm Station
Silo Coffee
In the trendy Kreuzberg district, there is a very cool cafe called the Silo Coffee. We came here for breakfast and found it to be quite pleasant. The menu includes hipster classics such as Avocado Toast and Chia Pudding. The coffee is also excellent.
We really liked the cozy atmosphere, therefore we would recommend that the best time to come is during the week. Silo Coffee is supposedly said to be extremely busy during the weekends.
Address: Gabriel-Max-Strasse 4, 10245 BerlinGetting there: U-Bahn / S-Bahn to Warschauer Straße Station
House of Small Wonder
One of the most hip locations for brunch in Berlin is the House of Small Wonder. This place is just incredibly unique. With its spiral staircase and numerous plants, the House of Small Wonder is more reminiscent of a Brooklyn apartment than a restaurant.
Most of the dishes served are of Western influence with a touch of Japanese cuisine. We just went there for brunch, but they are also open for dinner. The only drawback is that this place is extremely popular so they don’t accept reservations during the day – only in the evenings. This meant we ended up waiting for about half an hour for a table.
Address: Johannisstraße 20, 10117 BerlinGetting there: U-Bahn to Oranienburger Tor Station or S-Bahn to Oranienburger Straße Station
4. Hotel Tip for Berlin: Where to Stay
Boutique Hotel: 25hours Hotel Bikini Berlin
Do you prefer staying in a more stylish boutique hotel? Then we can highly recommend the 25hours Hotel to you. The rooms are all individually decorated and with a little luck you might get a room with a beautiful view over the Tiergarten – Animal Park.
We really liked the atmosphere of the hotel, it was very ‘hip & cool’. The breakfasts were excellent and very much to our liking. You really cannot fault this hotel. A clear recommendation from us!
You can view and book the hotel here: 25hours Hotel Bikini Berlin
Disclaimer: Affiliate Links
This travel guide contains our personal recommendations in the form of so-called affiliate links. If you book or buy something through these links, we will receive a small commission. For you, this does not change the price at all. A million thanks from the both of us!
Have you ever been to Berlin? Perhaps you have some more recommendations and would like to share them? We look forward to reading your tips about attractions, restaurants or cafes – thank you!
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Eurotrip #3: Berlin
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Erasmus blog Berlin: Hi everyone!
Continuing with my account of my November spent travelling, today I'll be talking about a four day trip I made to...
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Hi everyone!
Continuing with my account of my November spent travelling, today I'll be talking about a four day trip I made to Berlin with some of my flatmates mid-November. I'd already visited before before in 2008, but I was keen to visit this huge city again and get to know it via a different style of travelling (it's not the same travelling with family as it is with friends). Also, going on your Erasmus exchange to Germany and not visiting Berlin would be a sin!
Despite the fact that there's a direct train and bus from Bremen to Berlin, the cheapest option is to get a train to Hamburg (free for students with our semester ticket) and then get a bus from there to Berlin for only 8 euros with Flixbus. Our journey then began by having to get up very early, spending an hour on the train, drinking a coffee in Hamburg and then spending three and a half hours more on the bus to Berlin, which dropped us right in the centre of former East Berlin, next to Alexanderplatz. From there, we decided to save paying for public transport and walk the 25 minutes to Karl-Marx-Allee, one of the avenues most representative of former East Berlin. Flanked by large, cold and communist-looking buildings, the avenue's magnitude and strict order creates a sense of smallness in you as you are confronted with an unfeeling and impersonal city, reflecting the system which exercised its control here. The film 'The Lives of Others' (Das Leben der Anderen) is set in this area, which portrays the strict surveillance and control over the population exercised by the German Democratic Republic.
After having walked down this long avenue, we arrived at the street where our hostel was located. At first, we wanted to stay in Hostel Wombats, since one of my friends had stayed in a hostel belonging to the same change in Munich and had told us that it was very nice. However, there weren't any beds left when we went to reserve, so we decidede to stay in Pegasus Hostel, where another of my friends had stayed a few summers before. He'd told us that it was a pretty shabby hostel, but for the low prices (we paid 46 euros per person for three nights) it wasn't bad, and had a nice feel to it. This had been in the summer though, when the hostels are usually full of backpackers and young people travelling the world, meaning it's easy to socialize with your neighbours; when we stayed in the hostel in November however, it was full of Syrian refugee families who had just arrived in Germany.
Obviously none of us have any problem with the refugees and we're definitely not racist or xenophobic (in fact, anything but), but I have to say that it was a bit awkward being the only young people and the only tourists in the hostel, because when we wanted to use the kitchen quickly before going out, it was always full of people cooking meals for their entire families, meaning the atmosphere was a bit different to what you'd normally find in youth hostels.
The seven of us stayed in a room with eight beds with our own bathroom, so we had enough privacy and space to be getting on with, and this almost meant we could pre-drink in the room before we went out without annoying anyone. The room was pretty nice, with four bunk beds and a table next to a large window. In general, the entire hostel was about 5 out of 10 with regards to cleanliness, so neither dirty nor clean. The kitchen though was really quite disgusting and had a horrible smell. However, everyone was quite convinced that for what we'd paid, the hostel was alright. Apart from me.
The reason for this is because while we were having dinner in the kitchen on our first day at the hostel, I saw a rat running about outside in the hostel's courtyard. I knew perfectly well that if I told my friends what I'd seen, chaos would erupt and nobody would be happy staying in the hostel for the four days we had remaining. So, I decided to keep quiet and suffer in silence, waiting until when we checked out to tell the others. You're welcome, guys.
In conclusion, in terms of the hostel, I wouldn't recommend it as your first option for accommodation in Berlin, but if you don't find another cheap place and all the hostels are full, it's still an option to take into consideration. Apart from the episode with the rat and the bad kitchen, our stay at the hostel was a good one.
Getting back to the story of our trip, after having left our luggage in the hostel's basement (we couldn't check in until midday) we caught the U-Bahn (metro) which was three minutes away from the hostel to Alexanderplatz, from which we started off on a more touristic tour of Berlin: the famous TV Tower on Alexanderplatz (the emblem of Communist Berlin), the Red City Hall, Museum Island, the Berliner Dom (cathedral), the luxurious avenue Unter den Linden, and the well-known Brandenburg Gate, where we met up with some French friends and took an obligatory photo.
On this walk, I have to say I was pretty surprised to discover that the Palace of the Republic, headquarters of the former GDR, had been demolished, and that in its place on Museum Island the Royal Palace of Berlin is being reconstructed. This historical building was heavily damaged in the Second World War and demolished by the Communist government in 1950, though reunified Berlin has today decided to reconstruct it and regain this proud monument for the benefit of the city.
From the Brandenburg Gate, we continued on to the Reichstag, and then to the Tiergarten, the gigantic parque located right in the city centre which houses the Bellevue Palace (residence of the Federal Republic of Germany's chancellor, Angela Merkel) and the Victory Column, which dominates the Tiergarten placed in its very centre. We stopped to eat the lunch we'd brought with us from Bremen in the park (smart savers before anything else), full of autumnal colours.
A characteristic of Berlin is the quantity of memorials in its streets and parks. On this walk we took alone, we came across a memorial to all victims of war and repression on Unter den Linden, another to the victims of persecution and genocide of gypsy origin in the Nazi concentration camps, another to persecuted homosexuals during the Third Reich, another to the Jews murdered in the Holocaust... after eating, we visited these last two, exiting the park just next to the memorial to homosexual victims of National Socialist repression. This monument consists of a black block with a small opening, through which you can see a projection of two men kissing in the same spot as the monument.
Right in front of this small memorial is the huge Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, formed of 2, 711 black rectangular blocks. These blocks, all different sizes, form long corridors of varying height. In this way, the visitor passes through the monument becoming lost among the labyrinthine passageways.
Your impression of this monument varies depending on how you visit it. It's always full of people running and playing among the blocks, which makes it seem like just an amusing labyrinth; if you decide to walk around it alone and in silence, absorbed in your own reflections about the atrocity of the Holocaust, however, it can be quite an intense experience. When we visited it on our first day we didn't take it very seriously, but when we returned on the Monday on the Free Tour, the guide recommended that we walk around it alone. For me, it was a really chilling experience, since the memorial makes you feel disorientated and incapable of fathoming the magnitude of the Holocaust. It had also been raining on this day, meaning that the impermeable blocks were covered with a spattering of raindrops, as if a symbol of the Jewish population's suffering.
After we had visited the monument, we made our way to a nearby car park, beneath which Hitler's bunker had been. In my opinion, this visit was a bit unnecessary, since there isn't much interesting to see - just an information board telling you that eight metres below your feet is where Hitler's bunker used to be, where he spent the last moments of his life.
Our next destination was Potsdamer Platz, one of the places in Berlin which has changed the most since the fall of the wall. When my parents visited Berlin in 1984, Potsdamer Platz was a gigantic wasteland divided by the wall and with a series of footbridges on the Western side to allow people to look over to the west. This square is now a vibrant hub of communication surrounded by large, modern skyscrapers, symbols of the new prosperous and Capitalist Germany, which has emerged as the main economic power in Europe since reunification in 1989. The Sony Center is especially interesting; a large public space whose roof is an unusual umbrella-like structure of metal and glass.
After this long walk through the city, we decided to catch the metro to go back to the hostel for a rest, since we still wanted to enjoy the Berlin nightlife later on. Berlin is well-known for being one of the European cities with the best nightlife, above all for electro music: it's known as the 'techno capital'. The majority of the nightlife is concentrated in the Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain districts, with its epicentre on Warschauer Straße. The most surprising thing about this area is the location of the nightclubs, which are mostly housed in old industrial buildings, electrical plants or old department stores. There are several famous techno clubs, such as Berghain, Tresor and Watergate, but if you're just visiting the German capital, they won't let you in.
These clubs exploit their enormous popularity (there are two-hour queues to get in) by being especially strict with their entrance policy. Friends of ours who have spent more time in Germany than us told us that to get in, you have to fulfil a series of pretty random selection criteria which I just can't understand at all: you've got to seem like you like techno music, come in a small group, not talk in a language which isn't German, not look at your phone in the queue, not try and get in when you're too drunk... some French friends of us tried to get in to Berghain twice without success, but we decided that it wasn't worth queueing for so long when we probably wouldn't get any for really xenophobic reasons, like speaking Spanish or English in the queue.
So, after a rest and getting ready at the hostel, we headed to the busiest area of Warschauer Straße, where lots of old department store buildings house several small nightclubs. However, although these weren't places as strict as Berghain or Watergate, we found that a lot of places wouldn't let us in since we were seven people, so I recommend splitting into smaller groups if you want to get in to these clubs. In the end, we got into the cheapest one which would let us in (the entrance fee was five euros), though none of us can remember its name. The place and music were good, but there weren't that many people in there, which lead us to suspect that they'd only let us in all together since they needed more people. Despite this, we had a pretty good time and it was quite a funny night. We ended it with a cheap and tasty kebab on our way back to the hostel, the way every good night out should end!
The following day, we made an effort to combat our hangovers and walked to the East Side Gallery, a kilometre-long fragment of the Berlin Wall which was preserved and turned into a fantastic open-air art gallery, where over 150 artists expressed their joy at the fall of the Iron Curtain in Europe and their rejection of every kind of war, conflict and the separation of peoples all over the world. When I visited Berlin in 2008, the murals were in a bad state in terms of their preservation since thousands of stupid visitors had decided that it was a good idea to write their names or stupid 'Viva Badajoz' or 'I love Berlin' messages on the works of art. Fortunately, in 2009 a restoration project was begun, meaning that some of the art has already been completely restored, while others where the restoration is still on-going are surrounded by fencing.
After walking along the East Side Gallery, we crossed over the beautiful reddish Oberbaumbrücke towards Kreuzberg, the most alternative neighbourhood in all of Berlin, where we visited Görlitzer Park, which I hear is always full of activity in the summer months (when we visited, there were just people selling drugs... ) and has numerous record, vintage clothing and piercing shops along Oranienstraße. We walked along here in the direction of Checkpoint Charlie. Along the way, we stopped at a metro station to hide from the cold and eat the sandwiches we'd bought from the supermarket in front of the hostel for only 90 cents (everything was so cheap! ). Continuing on our way, we saw some apparently very normal things such as this gigantic phallus which stretched across a building's entire facade:
Next we visited the Topography of Terror, a museum built atop the ruins of the Gestapo's main headquarters and which narrates the development of Nazism in Germany, explaining the function of the Third Reich in depth and the innumerable atrocities that it involved. I definitely recommend a visit to this exposition, since although some of it is quite disturbing, it's very useful for fully understanding what happened in Germany and in Europe as a whole between 1933 and 1945. Entrance is also completely free, as are most German museums relating to the Third Reich or the Cold War. After this, we decided to go back to the hostel for a rest and to have dinner before going out partying again, but first we paid another visit to the Brandenburg Gate, which had been lit up in the colours of the French flag as a symbol of Germany's support for the victims of the attack, which had taken place the night before. Lots of people had gathered in front of the French embassy, which is located on the same square, leaving flowers, candles and messages in memorial of the victims and condemning terrorist violence.
Since we hadn't used the metro all day, we hadn't bought ourselves a transport ticket (the cheapest option for groups is to combine a five person group day ticket with individual all-day tickets, which worked out as costing three or four euros per person per day as there were seven of us). We were in the station fighting with the ticket machines when suddenly our train arrived, so we decided to get on without having bought tickets and buy them when we next had to change trains. Biiiiiig mistake. We only saw one ticket officer in the four days we were in Berlin, and we only travelled without tickets once, so of course, luck would have it that these two things occurred at the same time. Three of us were given 60 euro fines (the other four managed to get away in time). Some advice then: either pay for all your tickets in Berlin or risk it and don't pay for any, but don't end up like us and get caught out just the one time!
After we'd finished complaining and squabbling about the fine in the hostel, we got ready to go out clubbing again. This time we went to a club called Matrix which is below the Warschauer Straße train station. Although it's not one of the cult hangouts for Berlin techno lovers, it's a huge club (with nine rooms) with loads of people and a great atmosphere, with different kinds of music playing in each room. The entrance fee was 10 euros, but it was totally worth it, since it was a fantastic night out. You'll also have no problem getting in here, as it's somewhere you can definitely enjoy the Berlin nightlife without being a massive techno fan.
The following day we spent the best part of the morning regaining our strength (it was like having a constant hangover, haha), after which we headed to Bernauer Straße, where the Wall Memorial is. It's a kind of park cum memorial where the stories are told of some of the families who lived in the street which was located just at the meeting point of the east and west border. The Wall divided families and neighbours for almost three decades. Right next to the park is a very interesting museum about the Wall, which among other things explains everything that happened in Germany between the end of the Second Word War and the building of the Wall, information that people don't often know about. From the top of this building, you can also see a fragment of the Wall which has been conserved exactly as once was, including the empty area known as the 'death strip' between the two walls which made up the barrier between the two Germanys.
After this, we wanted to go to the Flohmarkt (flea market) in the Mauerpark, which is on every Sunday, but it turned out to be the Volkstrauertag (a day of national mourning) where the German people commemorate the victims of all wars or totalitarian regimes in the world, so the market wasn't on. Instead then, we went to Oranienburger Straße to see the Tacheles squatters' house, but this too was closed.
The next day, the Monday, we got up early and went to the Reichstag (the German Parliament) since we had booked to enter and visit its famous cupola designed by Norman Foster at 8am, where I split my lip on a visit in 2008 (this is what you get for being travel-mad and clumsy). Visiting the cupola is free and totally worth doing, not just due to the fact it's an amazing work of architecture, but also due to its wonderful views of Berlin. You have to reserve your entrance ticket in advance on the Reichstag web site, though you can also try to get in while there by asking if there have been any cancelled reservations. To do this, you'll need to go to the office next to the Reichstag, next to the Tiergarten, and ask.
After this visit, we walked around to pass the time until 11am, when we were due to go on a free tour through Berlin. For those of you who don't know, a free tour is a new idea of a guided tour where they don't ask you for money before it starts, leaving you to decide at the end how much you'd like to pay the guide (or not at all). It was a great experience, since you get to visit all the main monuments in the area, and though we'd already seen most of them, the guide gave us more interesting information on them in Spanish. It's definitely one of the best ways to explore this area of Berlin, so I'll leave you the link to the company who organises these tours, called New Tours Berlin.
The tour started at the Brandenburg Gate and lasted between two and three hours, ending at Bebelplatz, the square where the Nazis held their famous book burning in 1933, which is commemorated by a strange memorial in the centre of the square. At the end of the tour, we got the metro to Mehringdamm next to a small kiosk claiming to sell the 'best kebabs in Europe'. I don't know if they were the best on the continent, but they were definitely the best I'd ever tried, since they add lemon, mint and vegetables to it (and the kebab itself only costs 4. 30 euros). Our stomachs filled with kebab, we headed to the Jewish Memorial again with the intention of visiting the underground museum there. We read on a sign however that the museum was closed on Mondays, but the door was half open, so we went in. After about five minutes though, a security guard caught us and told us to leave. Without anything better to do, we decided to go back to the hostel and spend a few hours relaxing in the reception area until it was time to catch our bus back to Hamburg.
My conclusion to this trip is that although we travelled on an incredibly low budget, you'll definitely laugh at yourself eating mouldy bread in a shabby Berlin metro station, or cooking probably the most disgusting white rice we've ever eaten in our lives surrounded by Syrian refugees and a hidden rat. They were four incredible days in the huge city that is Berlin, and I was continually surprised by its different sides and by the history it harbours, making it definitely one of the cities I'd most like to live in out of all the ones I've visited.
Until next time!
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Pullman Hotel: Berlin City Guide
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Explore the historic city of Berlin with city guides from Pullman Hotels. Make the most of your visit to Berlin with Pullman as your guide. Discover Berlin.
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https://pullman.accor.com
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https://pullman.accor.com/gb/destinations/germany/berlin-city-guide.shtml
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Berghain Nightclub
Restaurants & nightlife
| Berlin, Germany
One of the most legendary clubs in Berlin, Berghain Nightclub is the epicenter of the electro music culture.
One of the most legendary clubs in Berlin, Berghain Nightclub is the epicenter of the electro music culture. Mingle with the diverse crowd that frequents this former power station, while discovering the sounds of the best DJs and experiencing a taste of the German capital’s nightlife scene.
Address
Am Wriezener Bahnhof, 10243 Berlin
- / +49 30 29360210 / www.berghain.de
Discover
Television Tower
Highlights
| Berlin, Germany
Climb to the top of the highest tower of Berlin, soaring 368 meters high. Perched on top of this emblematic monument is a slowly rotating panoramic restaurant which...
Climb to the top of the highest tower of Berlin, soaring 368 meters high. Perched on top of this emblematic monument is a slowly rotating panoramic restaurant which offers breathtaking views.
Address
Panoramastraße 1A, 10178 Berlin
- / +49 30 247575875 / www.tv-turm.de
Discover
Kurfürstendamm & KaDeWe
Shopping
| Berlin, Germany
A major 3.5 km boulevard in Berlin, Kurfürstendamm (or "Kudamm") is the largest shopping street in the city.
A major 3.5 km boulevard in Berlin, Kurfürstendamm (or "Kudamm") is the largest shopping street in the city. This elegant shopping avenue begins with the Breitscheidplatz sector shops, however feel free to detour one of the side streets, such as Fasanenstraße, dotted with galleries and shops such as A.P.C. and Aesop. Further along, between Memorial Church and Adenauerplatz, discover the best in high fashion at boutiques such as Yves Saint Laurent and Valentino. Finally, discover the seven-storey KaDeWe department store, Berlin’s shopping institution for over a century. The historic store brings together the world’s leading fashion brands, such as Hermès, La Perla, Lalique, Louis Vuitton and Michael Kors. Two levels are also dedicated to a gourmet food hall.
Address
KaDeWe : Tauentzienstraße 21-24, 10789 Berlin
- / +49 30 21210 / www.kadewe.de
Discover
Visit the Reichstag
Highlights
| Berlin, Germany
The Reichstag, Berlin’s landmark Neoclassical palace, is the seat of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Federal Republic of Germany.
The Reichstag, Berlin’s landmark Neoclassical palace, is the seat of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Federal Republic of Germany. By reservation, visit the rooftop terrace and cupola to enjoy picturesque views of the German capital.
Address
Platz der Republik 1, 11011 Berlin
- / +49 30 22732152 / www.bundestag.de
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Potsdamer Platz Arkaden
Shopping
| Berlin, Germany
Established in Potsdamer Platz in 1998, the very contemporary lines of this shopping center glass roof are designed by Renzo Piano.
Established in Potsdamer Platz in 1998, the very contemporary lines of this shopping center glass roof are designed by Renzo Piano. Its three floors are home to 140 shops, focused mainly upon fashion and design. International brands such as Guess, Adidas, Mango and Tommy Hilfiger are well represented, along with German designers such as G-Star RAW. Local Berliners tend to visit Potsdamer Platz Arkaden either before or after catching a movie at the nearby Cinestar Sony Center. The mall also boasts a wide choice of bars and restaurants and a delicious Italian ice cream shop.
Address
Alte Potsdamer Str. 7, Berlin
- / +49 30 2559270 / potsdamerplatz.de
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DDR Museum
Art & design
| Berlin, Germany
The DDR Museum explores over 40 years of daily life in the former East Germany, when it was separated from West Germany by the Berlin Wall.
The DDR Museum explores over 40 years of daily life in the former East Germany, when it was separated from West Germany by the Berlin Wall. Nostalgia reigns at this museum, where former DDR residents have donated their personal items from that period, including authentic clothing, radios and photographs which make up the museum's collection. The museum reconstitutes this entire era of German history, and shares the resident’s stories of trying to pass undetected from one side of Berlin to the other. The visit gives pride of place to interactivity; make sure to climb aboard the Trabant driving simulator.
Address
Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 1, 10178 Berlin
- / +49 30 847123731 / www.ddr-museum.de
Discover
The Berlin Philharmonic
Highlights
| Berlin, Germany
The Berlin Philharmonic, which was established in 1963, celebrates chamber and symphon music. Dedicated to the latter, the large concert hall...
The Berlin Philharmonic, which was established in 1963, celebrates chamber and symphon music. Dedicated to the latter, the large concert hall, with stunning architecture and perfect acoustics, will delight discerning music lovers.
Address
Herbert-von-Karajan-Straße 1, 10785 Berlin+49 30 254880 / www.berliner-philharmoniker.de
Discover
Brandenburg Gate
Highlights
| Berlin, Germany
A strong symbol in Berlin, the Brandenburg Gate is a must-see local landmark. Standing majestically in the city center since the eighteenth century...
A strong symbol in Berlin, the Brandenburg Gate is a must-see local landmark. Standing majestically in the city center since the eighteenth century, the 26 meters high monument was formerly part of the Berlin Wall.
Address
Pariser Platz, 10117 Berlin
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Discover
Borchardt
Restaurants & nightlife
| Berlin, Germany
Since 1853, Borchardt restaurant has been the place to see-and-be-seen in Berlin. Underneath its soaring columns, political...
Since 1853, Borchardt restaurant has been the place to see-and-be-seen in Berlin. Underneath its soaring columns, political, media and artistic personalities order without hesitation the famous schnitzel, a specialty of this local dining institution.
Address
Franz. Str. 47, 10117 Berlin
- / +49 30 81886262 / www.borchardt-restaurant.de
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Shopping in Mitte
Shopping
| Berlin, Germany
Situated in the heart of central Berlin, the Mitte district is home to many of the city’s most famous landmarks.
Situated in the heart of central Berlin, the Mitte district is home to many of the city’s most famous landmarks. However, it is also an area that lends itself perfectly to shopping. Immerse yourself in the lively atmosphere of Unter den Linden, the equivalent of the Champs-Elysées with its boutique shopping. For fashion, head to Friedrichstrasse. Around the "Checkpoint Charlie" area, brands such as Massimo Dutti, COS and Louis Vuitton have taken up residence. Make sure to also visit the Galeries Lafayette department store with its french touch, set behind a glass façade designed by Jean Nouvel. The Quartier 207, home to labels such as Bottega Veneta and Moschino, is an intimate Art Deco jewel box which is also worth visiting.
Address
Friedrichstraße 76-78, 10117 Berlin
- / +49 30 209480 / galerieslafayette.de
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Neues Museum
Art & design
| Berlin, Germany
Located in the heart of Berlin’s Museum Island, the Neue Museum, built in the nineteenth century, was transformed between 2003 and 2009 by British architect Sir David...
Located in the heart of Berlin’s Museum Island, the Neue Museum, built in the nineteenth century, was transformed between 2003 and 2009 by British architect Sir David Chipperfield. Since then, this building - both classic and contemporary - presents a chronological journey through the museum’s magnificent collection of prehistoric, ancient and Middle Age art. The Egyptian civilization is particularly in the spotlight at this iconic Berlin museum. Thus, in addition to the Le Moustier Neanderthal skull and the collection of antiquities unearthed by Heinrich Schliemann at Troy, the high point of the visit is undoubtedly the famous Nefertiti Bust.
Address
Bodestraße 1-3, 10178 Berlin
- / +49 30 266424242 / www.smb.museum
Discover
Museum Island
Art & design
| Berlin, Germany
Museum Island is situated on a small island on Berlin’s picturesque Spree river, which runs through the heart of the German capital.
Museum Island is situated on a small island on Berlin’s picturesque Spree river, which runs through the heart of the German capital. Built between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this remarkable collection of museums dedicated to the arts is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Iconic, the Pergamon Museum displays fascinating ancient monuments, the result of excavations by German archaeologists. The altar of Zeus at Pergamum is particularly spectacular. If time permits, make sure to visit the Neue Museum, the Alte Nationalgalerie, the Bode-Museum and the Altes Museum, which are also part of Museum Island.
Address
Musée de Pergame : Bodestraße 1-3, 10178 Berlin+49 30 266424242 / www.smb.museum
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Pauly Saal and Mogg & Melzer
Restaurants & nightlife
| Berlin, Germany
In Oranienburger Strasse, a former 1920s Jewish girls school is now home to leading Berlin art galleries and renowned restaurants.
In Oranienburger Strasse, a former 1920s Jewish girls school is now home to leading Berlin art galleries and renowned restaurants. On the ground floor, discover the Jewish Mogg & Melzer deli and Pauly Saal, the building’s star restaurant.
Address
Pauly Saal : Auguststraße 11-13, 10117 Berlin / +49 30 33006070 / paulysaal.comMogg & Meltzer : Auguststraße 11-13, 10117 Berlin, Allemagne / +49 30 330060770 / www.moggandmelzer.com
Discover
Zoological garden
Highlights
| Berlin, Allemagne
Founded in 1844 on the edge of Tiergarten Park, the Berlin Zoo is one of the largest zoos in the world.
Founded in 1844 on the edge of Tiergarten Park, the Berlin Zoo is one of the largest zoos in the world. Wander around its 35 hectares and admire its elephants, ostriches, penguins, polar bears and lions.
Address
Hardenbergplatz 8, 10787 Berlin
- / +49 30 254010 / www.zoo-berlin.de
Discover
Gendarmenmarkt
Highlights
| Berlin, Germany
The Gendarmenmarkt is a local Berlin square lined with monuments and buildings which were rebuilt after the Second World War.
The Gendarmenmarkt is a local Berlin square lined with monuments and buildings which were rebuilt after the Second World War. Soak in its lively cosmopolitan atmosphere, especially when the Christmas market is held late in the year.
Address
Gendarmenmarkt, 10117 Berlin
- / /
Discover
Jewish Museum
Art & design
| Berlin, Germany
Architect Daniel Libeskind is the design talent behind of one of the largest Jewish museums in Europe, the Jewish Museum in Berlin.
Architect Daniel Libeskind is the design talent behind of one of the largest Jewish museums in Europe, the Jewish Museum in Berlin. Nicknamed "Blitz" (or “Lightning”) by Berliners because of the building’s radical, zigzag design, the museum’s contemporary buildings house over 3,000 m2 of exhibition space. Through works of art, images, text archives and everyday objects, the Jewish Museum tells the story of the German Jews over 2,000 years. Multimedia and interactivity feature heavily throughout the experience in this landmark of Jewish memories and awareness.
Address
Lindenstraße 9-14, 10969 Berlin
- / +49 30 25993300 / www.jmberlin.de
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Helmut Newton Foundation
Art & design
| Berlin, Germany
Overseen by his wife June Newton (aka the photographer Alice Springs), the Helmut Newton Foundation pays tribute to the great photographer who was born in Berlin in 1920.
Overseen by his wife June Newton (aka the photographer Alice Springs), the Helmut Newton Foundation pays tribute to the great photographer who was born in Berlin in 1920. Established for over 10 years within an old Neoclassical casino, this foundation presents a series of fascinating temporary exhibitions which explore the many facets of Helmut Newton’s life and his provocative works. Discover the rich and eclectic works of this significant fashion and portrait photographer who has left his mark in Black & White into the twenty first century.
Address
Jebensstraße 2, 10623 Berlin
- / +49 30 31864856 / www.helmutnewton.com
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La Soupe Populaire
Restaurants & nightlife
| Berlin, Germany
Situated between Mitte and Prenzlauer Berg, the Bötzow brewery is experiencing a second lease of life.
Situated between Mitte and Prenzlauer Berg, the Bötzow brewery is experiencing a second lease of life. La Soupe Populaire restaurant is one of its most desirable gastronomic addresses, where Michelin-starred chef Tim Raue elevates popular Berlin local dishes.
Address
Prenzlauer Allee 242, 10405 Berlin
- / +49 30 44319680 / lasoupepopulaire.de
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Markthalle Neun
Restaurants & nightlife
| Berlin, Germany
The Markthalle Neun, the oldest covered market in Berlin, is nestled in the heart of Berlin’s Kreuzberg district.
The Markthalle Neun, the oldest covered market in Berlin, is nestled in the heart of Berlin’s Kreuzberg district. It is loved for its authenticity and its popular Street Food Thursday. Savour its gourmand specialties from around the world, presented in a variety of food stalls.
Address
Eisenbahnstraße 42-43, 10997 Berlin
- / +49 30 61073473 / www.markthalleneun.de
Discover
Tiergarten Park
Highlights
| Berlin, Germany
In the heart of Berlin, the Tiergarten Park spans 210 hectares and is the green lung of the city. Away from the hubbub...
In the heart of Berlin, the Tiergarten Park spans 210 hectares and is the green lung of the city. Away from the hubbub, enjoy some fresh air and mingle with the joggers who frequent this iconic park.
Address
Str. des 17. Juni 31, 10785 Berlin
- / +49 30 901833101 /
Discover
LP12 Mall of Berlin
Shopping
| Berlin, Germany
On Leipziger Platz, between Potsdamer Platz and Friedrichstrasse, the 76,000 m2 Mall of Berlin was inducted as the temple of Berlin shopping since 2014.
On Leipziger Platz, between Potsdamer Platz and Friedrichstrasse, the 76,000 m2 Mall of Berlin was inducted as the temple of Berlin shopping since 2014. More than 250 shops and restaurants line the aisles of the mall, spread over 4 levels. International retailers such as Zara, C & A and Toys'r'Us are present, along with fashion brands such as French Connection, COS, Karl Lagerfeld, Guess and Hugo Boss complete the portfolio. Food wise, don’t miss Currywurst House.
Address
Leipziger Pl. 12, 10117 Berlin
- / / www.mallofberlin.de
Discover
Monsieur Vuong
Restaurants & nightlife
| Berlin, Germany
Monsieur Vuong, a casual Vietnamese canteen in Berlin, is famous for its delicious flavors and fresh produce. The proof is in the menu, which changes every second day.
Monsieur Vuong, a casual Vietnamese canteen in Berlin, is famous for its delicious flavors and fresh produce. The proof is in the menu, which changes every second day. Be aware that Monsieur Vuong doesn’t take reservations so it’s best to arrive early.
Address
Alte Schönhauser Str. 46, 10119 Berlin
- / +49 30 99296924 / www.monsieurvuong.de
Discover
Insider Tour Berlin
Highlights
| Berlin, Germany
With Insider Tour, discover the most emblematic sites in Berlin and its history, including little-known anecdotes...
With Insider Tour, discover the most emblematic sites in Berlin and its history, including little-known anecdotes, through its highly knowledgeable and entertaining tour guides.
Address
Hardenbergplatz 2, 10623 Berlin+49 30 6923149 / www.insidertour.com
Discover
Do You Read Me
Shopping
| Berlin, Germany
Everything lies in its name. In the minimalist setting of iconic Berlin bookstore Do You Read Me, discover the leading selection of German and international magazines...
Everything lies in its name. In the minimalist setting of iconic Berlin bookstore Do You Read Me, discover the leading selection of German and international magazines, beautifully displayed, which commands your attention. The selection of beautiful pages is incredible: design, photo, lifestyle, fashion, design, art, alternative cultures ... there’s no risk that a cool title won’t be found here. A true wealth of visual inspiration, especially since Do You Read Me encourages its shoppers to flip through and discover its publications. Since 2011, a second address opened on Berlin’s Potsdamer Straße.
Address
Auguststrasse 28 – 10117 Berlin-Mitte
- / 030/ 695 49 695 / www.doyoureadme.de
Discover
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Camping in Berlin: sights, districts & tips for your vacation
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Camping Berlin – Do you want to take a relaxing break from everyday life and get away from the daily stress? Do you like idyllic nature, charming city trips and exciting adventures? Then it doesn’t even have to go that far. The beautiful city of Berlin combines everything and is therefore the perfect place to […]
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CAMPWERK
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Camping Berlin – Do you want to take a relaxing break from everyday life and get away from the daily stress? Do you like idyllic nature, charming city trips and exciting adventures? Then it doesn’t even have to go that far. The beautiful city of Berlin combines everything and is therefore the perfect place to take everything with you that a holiday has to offer! Whether cultural sights, popular districts, delicious food or picturesque nature – the German capital has much more to offer than a fascinating city center. Did you know that Berlin has numerous campsites in the middle and on the outskirts of the city? With a camper , Roof tent or Folding caravan / tent trailer a city trip to the popular city becomes an adventure on which you don’t have to make any compromises. If you are interested in a nature vacation in a metropolis, then I have summarized everything you need to know about a vacation in Berlin.
Berlin: Metropolis invites you to camp!
Every year millions of tourists from all over the world travel to get an insight into the unique city of Berlin. Whether it’s a wild nightlife, a unique city center or individual districts with their own charm – Berlin is always suitable for a short weekend trip or even a whole week. It is guaranteed not to be boring due to the multitude of exciting sights, delicious food, shopping and historical highlights that Berlin has to offer! As the capital, it not only stands for international tourists, but also for major concerts and events. There is the Berlin Fashion Week, but also world-famous photo spots such as the East Side Gallery, which is why you can always find artists from all over the world as well as actors here.
Nature vacation in the capital of Germany
At first glance, Berlin does not appear to be the right place to camp, as you tend to think of natural, quiet places, but the cultural city is still extremely suitable for this. Berlin and the surrounding area have very natural places in nature, wide lakes, idyllic landscapes and the perfect campsites that are optimally tailored to you. A campfire in the open air, a picturesque sunset and brightly shining starry sky in the evening on the one hand and fascinating city life in the daytime on the other. Berlin convinces with the perfect mix of both!
Berlin offers you:
Charming districts
Cultural highlights
Exciting sights
Delicious meal
Shopping
Popular photo spots
Idyllic nature away from the hustle and bustle
Video! Berlin from above
Here you have a sightseeing flight over the beautiful city of Berlin from above to get a direct overview of all the top spots and well-known highlights that the cosmopolitan city has to offer:
Berlin: city map and location
With around 3.7 million inhabitants, the German capital Berlin is the most populous and at the same time the largest municipality in the Federal Republic of Germany. The metropolis can be easily reached from anywhere by car or train.
Bucket list: 5 tips + 1 insider tip!
What should I do in Berlin? What are the top spots and the best contact points? If you are looking for a vacation in Berlin, the following points should be on your bucket list:
Sightseeing: Brandenburg Gate, Alexanderplatz, Reichstag etc.
Surrounding districts: Prenzlauer Berg, Kreuzberg, Neukölln
Try traditional food
Shopping
Insider tip: East Side Gallery as a photo spot!
Berlin’s top spots: highlights, attractions & sights
The multifaceted city of Berlin convinces with everything your heart desires. From sightseeing in the hustle and bustle, delicious food and walks in nature, to historical input and shopping in the most luxurious shops. From the KaDeWe to the Mall Of Berlin – there is luxury and souvenirs on every corner. But besides the well-known places Berlin has a lot more to offer. Here I picked out the less well-known highlights and attractions in Berlin, which are definitely worth a visit.
East Side Gallery: Unique art & popular photo spot
If you are interested in art, the popular East Side Gallery is definitely recommended. With a wide range of art and history, it convinces numerous tourists every year. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, 118 artists from 21 countries painted the East Side Gallery, and Dimitrji Vrubel’s famous brotherly kiss is still the most famous painting on the wall today. This motif is the symbol on a number of postcards and souvenirs and is a sign and symbol of Berlin’s history. A visit to the East Side Gallery is worthwhile just to marvel at this work and use it as a photo spot.
The highlights of the East Side Gallery:
Range of art and history
Well-known painting: Brother’s kiss as a symbol
Popular photo spot
History & Culture: Historical sightseeing
When you come to Berlin, the first thing you think of is the lively Berlin Mitte! You can expect crowds and hustle and bustle, because this is where the main train station is located and most of the routes from the airports also lead here. In Berlin Mitte you can stroll through the streets like in any international metropolis. But not only that awaits you. Berlin is also a top spot for art, culture and history.
Districts: Prenzlauer Platz, Neukölln & Co.
If real Berlin life appeals to you, then you should pay a visit to the surrounding districts. A must see for all those interested in culture is definitely Prenzlauer Platz. This district shines with its very own charm and offers a good opportunity to relax and enjoy the day. In addition, you should take a look at the neighboring Friedrichshain, as well as Kreuzberg and Neukölln, stroll through the attractive streets and look for a cozy place to internalize the Berlin life.
Historical input at Checkpoint Charlie
But Berlin also has a lot to offer in terms of history and architecture. At places such as Checkpoint Charlie, which at the time served as a border crossing from West to East Berlin, you can familiarize yourself with Berlin’s history and take with you some useful information that you may not have known until now. It represents the Cold War and is the scene of the tank confrontation.
Reichstag & Brandenburg Gate
In addition, the famous Reichstag building and the Brandenburg Gate should not be missing on your visit to Berlin. The trip here is definitely worth it just because of the impressive view from the glass dome. From there you can expect a wonderful view of the whole of Berlin and a picturesque panorama of the many highlights. The Brandenburg Gate catches the eye from above. With its imposing height of 26 meters, the 200-year-old building is more than just a sight. It is the symbol of the city and the symbol of reunification.
Food: The traditional Berlin currywurst
Of course, your stomach shouldn’t be neglected on a trip to Berlin! Even if the food in Berlin takes a bit of getting used to at first glance, it is still convincing across the board. The highlight of Berlin cuisine is definitely the currywurst and should definitely be tried when you visit here. No other topic stimulates discussions between West and East as much as the question of the invention of the currywurst.
According to Uwe Timm’s novella “The Discovery of Currywurst”, a fictional person served Hamburg the first currywurst in 1947 while the Berliners insist that Herta Heuwer offered a fried boiled sausage with a sauce made of tomato paste, curry powder, Worcestershire sauce and other ingredients at her snack stand in 1949 . Either way, the currywurst is and will remain a specialty in Berlin and you will come across it on every corner there. So convince yourself and enjoy the delicious Berlin sausage!
Currywurst Museum Berlin
For those who still haven’t had enough of the delicious currywurst, a trip to the currywurst museum is a good idea. Here you can find out everything about the currywurst and try one of these specialties at the same time.
3.8 stars / 826 ratings
Address: Schützenstraße 70, 10117 Berlin
Phone: +49 (30) 88 71 86 47
Camping holidays in Berlin: nature & freedom
Especially if you are only coming to Berlin for a few days or a weekend trip, it is a good idea to go camping. During the day you can enjoy the full program of Berlin life and in the evening you are still quiet and natural and can relax and enjoy the time with your loved ones. Sitting around the campfire, watching the starry sky, exchanging exciting stories and being woken up by the chirping of birds – that’s all camping! And the best thing about it: you don’t have to travel a long way to get to the central Berlin squares.
Camping enables you to organize your day individually and flexibly. You can leave when you want and let your evening end comfortably. Camping is also cheaper than, for example, staying in a hotel in the middle of Berlin. So you can get the best out of your vacation and take everything with you that the tasteful city has to offer. This variant is now becoming more and more popular with young and old, so pack your things and plan your camping holiday in Berlin!
The advantages of camping in Berlin:
Individual planning of the day
Relaxation and rest in the evening
Short journey to the lively action
Inexpensive variant
Get to know the multifaceted natural aspect of Berlin
Are you new to camping? Read everything about the basics of packing lists, routes, costs, tips & Co .: Camping beginners
Packing list for camping: checklist, tips & suggestions
In the meantime, you usually no longer go camping with the most necessary equipment. Instead, it may be a little more luxury. Instead of in the 2-person tent, it is more convenient to travel in the comfortable roof tent and also important outdoor equipment, such as chairs, table and loungers should not be missing on the campsite. Is order the most important thing for you? There is also a practical solution for this when camping! So here you will find a checklist to have all the essentials with you on your camping holiday and to organize your time in the best possible way.
Accommodation: family tent, roof tent or caravan,–mobile or camper
The basics: sleeping bag, mattress and backpack
Outdoor furniture: table, chairs, loungers
Cabinets and boxes: For order when camping
Awning, rear tent, tarp, awning, awning
Cooking utensils & camping kitchen: gas cooker, gas oven, espresso maker, barbecue &crockery
lighting
Air conditioning or heating
Camping shower, toilet & toiletries
Durable food and cooler
Cleaningand household products + emergency kit
Mosquito spray and mosquito net
Tools and pocket knives
Electricity: CEE plug and cable drum
Outdoor clothing: trousers, jacket and shoes
Camping games
Campsite recommendations in Berlin
Do you really want to switch off and relax again? At the same time, do you want to get to know fascinating sights and go on an exciting city trip? Berlin offers you an optimal mix of both! Not far from the lively action, picturesque landscapes and an idyllic atmosphere await you. The campsites there are spread out in the immediate vicinity of the lake and are only a few minutes’ walk from a bus stop, so you don’t have to go a long way to start your day. Most places are equipped with new sanitary facilities, which is why they are almost at hotel level. In the summer months it is particularly appealing for families, as leisure activities such as playgrounds and beer gardens are open, among other things.
Here I have selected some popular and centrally located campsites for you:
Campsite Breitehorn – (80 places)
Breitehorn campsite (address: Breitehornweg 40 in 14089 Berlin-Spandau) with 80 parking spaces for campers on a total area of 2 hectares. You pay 7.50 euros per person, children 3.50 euros and stand fee 2.00 euros, payable in cash. Continue reading: Breitehorn campsite
Directions, address and camper capacities at the Breitehorn campsite:
Address: Breitehornweg 40 in 14089 Berlin-Spandau, Germany
Location: Berlin
80 parking spaces for campers
100 places for permanent campers
Total size in ha: 2
Directions (Google Maps): Breitehorn campsite
Camping site Krossinsee – (260 places)
Krossinsee campsite (address: Wernsdorfer Straße 38 in 12527 Berlin-Schmöckwitz) with 260 parking spaces for campers on a total area of 9 hectares. Per person you pay 8.50 euros, children 4.00 euros and stand fee 9.50 – 11.50 euros, payable by cash, Maestro, Mastercard, Visa. Continue reading: Krossinsee campsite
Directions, address and camper capacities at the Krossinsee campsite:
Address: Wernsdorfer Straße 38 in 12527 Berlin-Schmöckwitz, Germany
Location: Berlin
260 pitches for campers
46 rental units
230 places for permanent campers
Total size in hectares: 9
Directions (Google Maps): Krossinsee campsite
Your royal camping park Sanssouci in Potsdam / Berlin – Potsdam (170 places)
Your royal camping park Sanssouci in Potsdam / Berlin – Camping in Potsdam (address: An der Pirschheide 41 in 14471 Potsdam) with 170 pitches for campers on 6 hectares and a plot size of 70-140 m². Per person you pay 13.75 euros, children 5.90 euros and stand fee 40.95 – 68.00 euros, payable in cash, Maestro. Continue reading: Your royal camping park Sanssouci in Potsdam / Berlin in Potsdam.
Directions, address and camper capacities in your royal camping park Sanssouci in Potsdam / Berlin:
Address: An der Pirschheide 41 in 14471 Potsdam, Germany
Location: Potsdam, Brandenburg
170 pitches for campers
12 rental units
70 places for permanent campers
70-140 m² plot size
Total size in hectares: 6
Directions (Google Maps): Your royal camping park Sanssouci in Potsdam / Berlin
Evaluation: Experience – What is important?
If you go camping, you should definitely pay attention to a few important criteria when choosing your campsite in order to be able to enjoy your time here as best as possible. For example, it is important that the space is centrally located, but that you have enough peace and privacy. In addition, the campsite should have a certain degree of cleanliness so that you still feel comfortable and at home on your vacation.
Here are a few factors to keep in mind when researching the right place:
Quiet
Catering
friendliness
Price-performance ratio
General cleanliness
Sanitary facilities
Cleanliness plumbing
Condition of the rental accommodation / plots
Infrastructure
leisure
layer
Activities: relaxation, sport & fun
If you choose camping as an accommodation option in Berlin, you are in the nature and usually have direct access to popular leisure activities. The fascinating city of Berlin is not only a paradise for tourists, those interested in culture and artists, but also offers fun and games as well as exciting activities for the whole family.
Here I have selected some interesting attractions that await you and your loved ones in Berlin outside the hustle and bustle of the big city and provide adventure, fun and excitement:
Relax
To go biking
Wellness
Sauna / spa
fishing
Golf / mini golf
tennis
volleyball
Sightseeing
Shopping
Temperatures in Berlin
Berlin offers average German temperatures all year round. The main travel season is between May and October, with June to August being the warmest in the summer months. In autumn and winter it is often cloudy and rainy, but this weather also makes up part of Berlin.
Weather today / in three days
Berlin: Questions & Answers
Why did Berlin become the capital?
The capital of Germany has been the country’s largest city again for 25 years – Berlin. Before that it was a little more complicated as Berlin was the capital for a long time before the division of Germany. In 1999 the parliament and the government moved from Bonn to Berlin.
Why is the city called Berlin?
Like many typical names from East Germany, Berlin has its origins in the Slavic language, more precisely in Old Polish: The place in the swamp. Accordingly, the name Berlin is made up of the word “brl” for swamp or morass and the typical ending “in” for place names. So Berlin is the place in the swamp, according to its name.
How many districts are there in Berlin?
The current administrative structure of Berlin has existed since January 1, 2001, when Berlin was divided into twelve districts through an administrative reform, which have the function of administrative districts and form the lower part of the two-tier public administration.
What are dangerous corners in Berlin?
The police currently classify nine locations as prone to crime: Alexanderplatz, Leopoldplatz, Schöneberg-Nord (in the area of Nollendorfplatz and parts of the Regenbogenkiez), Görlitzer Park, Warschauer Brücke, Kottbusser Tor (see below), parts of Hermannstraße, Hermannplatz and a small area of the Riga Street.
What was Berlin called earlier?
One of the two, with the name Cölln, was first mentioned in a document in 1237; this year is considered to be the founding year of the city. The other settlement gave the city its name in the long term: Berlin. First documented entry: 1244.
When was the city of Berlin founded?
The foundation of the city of Berlin- In 1237 Cölln was founded on the Spree. 7 years later, on January 26, 1244, Berlin was first mentioned in a document. In 1307 these two cities are united; The date of Berlin’s founding is therefore October 28, 1237.
What are the two rivers in Berlin called?
There are also some rivers in Berlin. The most famous river is probably the Spree, which flows through the center of Berlin. But also the Havel with the Pfaueninsel and the Dahme can certainly be classified as Berlin rivers.
Why was Berlin separated?
From then on Berlin was divided into East Berlin and West Berlin, because many citizens in the GDR were dissatisfied with the way of government they wanted to move to West Germany. In order to prevent them from doing so, the politicians of the GDR decided to build the Berlin Wall from 1961 onwards.
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An Ode To Berlin’s S Bahn
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Brian Melican pays tribute to Berlin’s Schnell-Bahn. on Slow Travel Berlin
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Slow Travel Berlin
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http://www.slowtravelberlin.com/ode-to-berlins-s-bahn/
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Brian Melican revels in the beautiful simplicity of Berlin’s S-Bahn…
How do you get from Schöneberg to Prenzlauer Berg using the S-Bahn? Don’t worry—it’s not a trick question. The quick way is the S1 heading north with a change at Gesundbrunnen or Bornholmer Straße; the scenic route is even easier, involving nothing more strenuous than getting on the S41 or the S42 and sitting still for half an hour.
You might be wondering why I asked something that simple. Well, let’s do a similar exercise in London: try getting from Balham to Stoke Newington and then let me know how that works out for you. Or let’s take Paris and say you want to get from Ivry to the 17th arrondissement: manage that in under an hour and I’ll owe you a vin rouge.
So why am I treating you like an overtaxed online transport app? It’s a roundabout way of showing how relatively easy public transport in Berlin is; which in turn is a round-about way of indicating just how instrumental railways have been in Berlin’s history.
London and Paris were both massive metropolitan centres by the time trains arrived in Berlin, meaning that big ideas such as high-speed overground railways encircling the city or cross-town link schemes were already de-facto impossible for them. From the inception of railways, it took Paris over 100 years to start linking its main termini with proper trains; London is only just moving on to Crossrail.
In Berlin, things were essentially the other way round. The hugely practical Ringbahn that draws a circle around the city centre was built in the 1870s on what was mostly greenfield land; Berlin’s growth spurt only really got going after they’d built it.
Tracking Berlin History
Hence a ride on the S-Bahn today is simultaneously a journey through Berlin’s history, tracing the city’s impressively rapid transformation from capital of Prussia to capital of Germany.
It’s of course hard to imagine what the Schnell-Bahn meant to the first generations of passengers who used it. But in terms of its technological prowess and the effect it had on how people experienced and saw their city, the S-Bahn was presumably like a cross between high-speed rail and a smartphone: like the TGV or the Eurostar, it rearranged mental geography by bringing far away places temporally closer.
And like a smartphone, it became something of a symbol of its age. Especially following electrification in the 1920s, the ‘S’ in S-Bahn stood not only for schnell, but for sleek, smooth and nearly silent. In the literature of the time, it was associated with progress and modernity, and became part of the “Berlin feel” of the 20s and 30s that so attracted foreign writers to Germany: ‘Already we were sweeping through Charlottenburg. We passed the station without halting and on the platforms, with the old and poignant feeling of loss and of regret, I saw the people waiting for the Stadtbahn train,’ wrote Thomas Wolfe in I Have A Thing To Tell You (1937).
The large ‘S’ on a green background was an instantly recognisable brand that literally shone out into the dark skies of the dirty, coal-fired city, promising a clean, electric future. The S-Bahn was suitably expensive, too, leaving the proletarian masses to take the old, clattering trams, like Franz Biberkopf in Döblin’s Berlin Alexanderplatz (1929).
The rapidly changing Ostkreuz is a great place to get a feeling for those heady days: it’s Berlin’s busiest S-Bahn station and, even if the comprehensive rebuild is giving it an increasingly modern look, the crowds of people and the Bauhaus touches are still there.
There’s something decidedly rational and positivist about it, too: the Stadtbahn crosses over the circular Ringbahn to the East of the centre, so it’s called ‘East Cross’, plain and simple. Rather than taking some time-honoured name whose etymology is forgotten from the city around it, the S-Bahn imposes a name on this space that anyone can understand.
Ditto Westkreuz, whose proximity to the iconic radio mast at the Messe and the Olympiastadium also makes it a great place to understand what people in the 20s and 30s thought modernity looked like, and the breakneck speed with which Berlin was dashing towards it.
The rise and fall of Berlin’s public transport system
The Anhalter Bahnhof—which is to be transformed into a Museum of Exile—is a lasting memento of how Berlin’s railways went from being a symbol of the city’s pre-eminence in designing tomorrow’s world to being little more than a sad reminder of misguided dreams. Just one month after the start of the Second World War, the first S-Bahn trains ran through an underground station on the newly-opened north-south line, which complemented the east-west Stadtbahn: it was the pre-war apex of the city’s transport system, the last of the big, modernising projects that would be completed in Berlin for quite some time.
There were Nazi plans for a new branch to leave the tunnel north of the Anhalter Bahnhof to a huge new rail interchange under the Volkshalle (part of Hitler’s planned Germania), but of course the war took another course. As it happened, one of the last acts in the SS’s ‘defence’ of Berlin was to flood the north-south tunnel.
The above-ground station—a large, impressive main-line terminus in the ‘rail cathedral’ tradition of London’s St. Pancras or New York’s Grand Central—was bombed to smithereens in 1945, and traffic to it ceased in 1952 as the communist East started to cut off rail lines into the Western sectors. Today, nothing but a ruined section of the façade reminds the visitor that this was once one of the most famous stations in the German-speaking world.
Meanwhile, the underground S-Bahn section of Anhalter Bahnhof soldiered on in a manner symptomatic of the new historical role the Berlin railways had to play: after being a symbol of the city’s growth and then having suffered in the Second World War, the city’s railway network came to represent Berlin’s new division like nothing else—except, of course, for the Wall itself.
Although S-Bahn trains were running through Anhalter Bahnhof’s underground station again from 1946, the construction of the Berlin Wall placed the section of the north-south tunnel between Anhalter Bahnhof and Humboldthain in East Berlin, meaning that trains travelling on what are today the S1, S2 and S25 lines did not stop at Potsdamer Platz, Unter den Linden (today Brandenburger Tor), Oranienburger Straße or Nordbahnhof.
From 1961 to 1992, these stations lay dark, unused and often under armed guard as trains from the south to the north of West Berlin crawled through: the Berliners called them Geisterbahnhöfe,or “ghost stations”, and they came to represent the darkest and most menacing aspects of Cold War-era Europe. Anhalter Bahnhof was now the end of the line, smack-bang in the middle of the city.
Palace of Tears
The only station in East Berlin at which ‘West trains’ called was Friedrichstraße, where the north-south and east-west lines intersect. Today, thousands of people swap S-Bahns there without giving it a second thought, but back then the subterranean platforms of the north-south line were sealed off from the rest of the station: if you left the train there, the only way to leave these underground platforms again was to get back on a service to West Berlin, walk down a long and sinister passage to the equally subterranean U6 underground line (which also traversed East Berlin via a series of ghostly stations before arriving back in the West) or to go through DDR passport control.
This kind of lunacy, experienced on a daily basis, made reopening a normal service on the Berlin S-Bahn one of the top priorities after the fall of the Wall, and perhaps explains why so little is left to remind passengers today of the recent past.
Yet Friedrichstraße’s role as the border station is still enshrined in the building next to it, now a national monument and museum, which garnered the name Tränenpalast, or Palace of Tears. This was the place where lovers, friends and separated families were forced to say good-bye as those from the West took the last S-Bahn train of the day back through the Iron Curtain.
Besides national rail traffic planning, local pride, and a notoriously lax municipal exchequer, this emotional baggage perhaps best explains why Berlin was so anxious to build such a splendid new Hauptbahnhof. The central station looks more like an airport than a rail hub, and rather than keeping the name of the old terminus which once stood nearby its north—Lehrter Bahnhof—it has been rechristened with the neutral name of all main stations in all German cities.
It suits the surrounding landscape, of course, which for all its centrality is still one of Berlin’s most empty locations (though increasingly filled with hotels and other steel-and-chrome symbols of corporate modernity). In fact, in a way the name Hauptbahnhof is very much in the spirit of 1930s Ostkreuz, imposing a title on a part of the city rather than the other way round. As ever in the history of Germany’s capital, the city will follow the railway, rather than the other way round.
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Best things to do in Berlin on a budget
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2023-09-11T15:35:53+00:00
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Explore Berlin on a budget. Read the guide and find out the best things to do in Berlin that won't break the bank.
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Wapp
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https://www.wapp.com/blog/berlin-city-break-budget-guide
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Nestled in the northeast of the country, the German capital is a vibrant city that is home to an abundance of history and sights.
Berlin makes for a perfect city break destination all year-round, and is ideal for the budget traveller.
Although a few days there will be enough, it’s somewhere you could fritter away for weeks and still find new things to see.
What to do in Berlin?
Brandenburg Gate
Located in the centre, Brandenburg Gate is one of the most famous landmarks in Berlin. Constructed in the 1700s, it’s the only surviving historical city gate.
During the Cold War, Brandenburg Gate was in a restricted zone and acted as a symbol of division. But in 1989 when it reopened, it became a symbol of unity for Berliners.
To reach Brandenburg Gate, take the S-Bahn or U-Bahn to Brandenburger Tor.
East Side Gallery
The East Side Gallery is one of Berlin’s top attractions. At 1.3 kilometres, it’s the longest continuous part of the wall which remains in existence.
Following the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, artists from around the world came together to turn a section of it into an open air gallery. Located in the Friedrichshain area of the city, the East Side Gallery offers one of the best free things to do in Berlin.
To get there, take the U-Bahn to Warschauer Straße or Schlesisches Tor, or the S-Bahn to Warschauer Straße or Ostbahnhof.
Reichstag Building
The Reichstag Building, which is home to the German parliament (Bundestag), is one of the most important historic buildings in Berlin.
Completed in the 19th century, the Reichstag Building has been damaged throughout the years by fire and war, before being restored in the 1960s.
You can visit the dome of the Reichstag Building, where you can enjoy panoramic views of the city, but perhaps equal beauty lies within the facade itself.
The Reichstag Building is close to Berlin’s main train station, Hauptbahnhof, or can be reached by taking the U-Bahn to Bundestag.
Berlin Cathedral
One of the most famous places in Berlin, the Cathedral dates back to the 15th century. It has parish church status and boasts an intricately decorated interior.
The crowning glory of the building is Berliner Dom, the dome of the cathedral, which is one of the most notable sights on the city skyline.
To get to Berlin Cathedral, take the S-Bahn to Hackescher Markt or U-Bahn to Museumsinsel or Rotes Rathaus.
Potsdamer Platz
Located near Brandenburg Gate, Potsdamer Platz is a public square which houses a host of eateries, entertainment facilities, and shops.
One iconic architectural landmark at Potsdamer Platz is the Sony Center. Next to Potsdamer Platz is Leipziger Platz, where the Mall of Berlin is located.
When the season comes, one of Berlin’s star winter attractions descends on Potsdamer Platz; Winterwelt (Winter World), a Christmas market featuring a ringo toboggan run.
The S-Bahn and U-Bahn both stop at Potsdamer Platz.
Gendarmenmarkt
Gendarmenmarkt is one of the most beautiful squares in Berlin and can be traced back to the 17th century.
Outlining the square are a trio of stunning buildings: the German Cathedral, the French Cathedral and the Konzerthaus. There are also a number of chic shops and eateries which surround the square.
Some key events which take place on Gendarmenmarkt are a classic open air concert and Christmas market.
To reach Gendarmenmarkt, take the U-Bahn to Hausvogteiplatz.
Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
In the western part of the city stands a memorial for peace. The Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church was bombed during the Second World War but today its ruins have been integrated into the modern Memorial Church building.
The Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church sits on Breitscheidplatz, which also hosts a Christmas market.
Nearby S-Bahn and U-Bahn stations are Zoologischer Garten.
Victory Column
Located in the centre of Tiergarten, a lush green park in western Berlin, Victory Column features a golden winged sculpture of the Goddess of Victory.
Victory Column was constructed to represent the victories of Germany against Denmark, Austria and France between 1864 and 1871. Situated on a roundabout at a major intersection, the best way to reach Victory Column is by walking, and if you are feeling energetic you can also climb the column.
The nearest U-Bahn station is Hansaplatz and S-Bahn station is Bellevue, which are both around a 15 minute walk from Victory Column.
Alexanderplatz
Wondering what to do for free in Berlin? Why not head to Alexanderplatz to experience the hustle and bustle of the city.
Alexanderplatz is Berlin’s largest square and one of its busiest places. It is located in the eastern centre and is a major public transport hub.
You will find Berlin’s TV Tower (Berliner Fernsehturm) at Alexanderplatz, which is one of the most impressive buildings on the skyline. Central to Alexanderplatz is the Weltzeituhr, an eyecatching world clock.
The square has become one of the most notable shopping spots in the city, with many department stores, fashion outlets and one of Berlin’s largest malls (the Alexa) on offer.
The S-Bahn and U-Bahn stops at Alexanderplatz.
Checkpoint Charlie
A former border crossing turned film set, Checkpoint Charlie is one of the most renowned tourist attractions in Berlin.
Surrounded by modern shops and eateries, it’s hard to imagine a time when Checkpoint Charlie acted as the most famous border crossing between East Berlin and West Berlin. The original booth can be found on display at the Allied Museum.
To reach Checkpoint Charlie, take the U-Bahn to Stadtmitte or Kochstraße.
Museum Island
A visit to Museum Island, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of the best things to do in Berlin.
There, you will find 5 world famous museums: the Pergamon Museum (featuring reconstructions of architectural monuments from the Greek and Roman age), the Bode Museum (a sculpture collection and the Museum of Byzantine Art), the Neues Museum (archaeological collections), the Alte Nationalgalerie (art collection) and the Altes Museum (ancient artefacts).
To visit all 5 museums, you can buy a day ticket which costs €19, or there is a combo option with the Berlin Welcome Card.
Museum Island is accessible by taking the S-Bahn to Hackescher Markt or Oranienburger Straße, or U-Bahn to Museumsinsel.
Nikolaiviertel
Tucked a stone’s throw away from Museum Island and the River Spree is the area of Nikolaiviertel. A complex of narrow cobbled streets and medieval buildings, Nikolaiviertel is the oldest residential quarter in Berlin.
Wandering around you might think you’ve fallen into one of Germany’s fairytale towns. Restaurants, pubs and cafes scatter the area and it is a breath of fresh air away from the busy city.
The nearest U-Bahn station to Nikolai Quarter is Rotes Rathaus or Museumsinsel.
Berlin Christmas markets
The world famous Christmas markets deserve a mention of their own as one of the most fun things to do in Berlin. There are over 60 around the city which are sure to bring out your inner child.
Traditional alpine huts stock an array of sweet treats, Gluhwein, gifts, arts and crafts, food, and festive cheer fills the air. Perhaps the most pretty Christmas market given its magical setting is held on Gendarmenmarkt.
Getting to Berlin from Berlin Airport
The easiest way to get from Berlin Airport to the city centre is to use the Airport Express (FEX) train, regional train or S-Bahn (lines S9 or S45).
S-Bahn line S9, regional trains RE8 and RE23 and the Airport Express (FEX) all stop at Berlin’s main train station, Hauptbahnhof. A standard single trip on these lines currently costs €3.80.
Getting around in Berlin
To avoid getting stuck in traffic, the best way to get around Berlin is to make the most of the U-Bahn and S-Bahn. The U-Bahn is an underground metro system (although some of it runs overground), and the S-Bahn is a local rail system that covers both urban and suburban areas.
Most major Berlin tourist attractions are close to a station, and if not, are within walking distance of one. This interactive public transport map and journey planner are both useful resources when navigating Berlin.
There are three fare zones: A, B and C. Zone A includes the city centre, Zone B is the wider city, and Zone C is the outlying area (like where the airport is located). Tickets can be bought from machines inside stations or from BVG and S-Bahn stores.
Best areas to stay in Berlin
Berlin is well connected by the metro, which means that regardless of where you choose to stay, you should be able to get around without much hassle.
The best area to stay in Berlin for sightseeing is Mitte. Mitte is where all the main things to do in Berlin are clustered, meaning that walking might be more of an option.
If you fancy something a bit more lively, then Kreuzberg has a great nightlife. Another good option is Schöneberg, which is just south of the centre, and offers a mix of residential streets, greenery and cool cafes.
Berlin travel tips
Berlin offers different Welcome Cards. The Welcome Card allows the use of public transport and provides discounts and admission to attractions (depending on which type you buy). However, it might work out cheaper to buy things separately depending on what you intend to do in Berlin.
Dress for comfort. You will likely walk thousands of steps per day sightseeing, so pack your favourite trainers.
You need to validate public transport tickets before your journey starts. Validation machines are often found next to ticket machines at stations. If you don’t validate your ticket and get caught, you could face a hefty fine.
You might pay a small deposit (known as Pfand) of a few cents when you buy certain products, like glass bottles. When the bottle is returned, such as to a bottle return machine in the supermarket, your deposit should be refunded.
Go beyond the sights and explore neighbourhoods. Berlin is a colourful city, and some of the best memories can be made wandering through different districts.
Take cash as it can sometimes be preferred or the only option to pay for things. Some smaller restaurants and shops might not accept card payment.
Don’t forget travel insurance for added peace of mind in case any unexpected surprises happen.
Daily cost in Berlin
You can currently expect to pay £80-£120 per night for good quality central budget accommodation which will likely increase during peak periods.
£40 per person each day for food/drink should be comfortable if you are eating in cheap eats. You might be able to reduce this if you are thrifty.
Your transport budget might vary depending on your preferences. It currently costs €8.80 for a standard 24 hour ticket to use the public transport in Zones A and B.
Alongside flights, food, drinks, accommodation and transport, you’ll want some spending money for those added extras like entry fees. £20-£30 per day should be plenty.
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https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/berlin-behind-the-facelift-5361158.html
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en
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Berlin: Behind the facelift
|
[
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[] |
[] |
[
"Internal"
] | null |
[
"Gabriel Fawcett"
] |
2002-05-03T23:00:00+00:00
|
Many traces of Berlin?s wartime suffering are disappearing in a wave of regeneration, but signs of 1945 are visible if you know where to look
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en
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/img/shortcut-icons/favicon.ico
|
The Independent
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https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/berlin-behind-the-facelift-5361158.html
|
Many traces of Berlin's wartime suffering are disappearing in a wave of regeneration, but signs of 1945 are visible if you know where to look
The last place on Earth you wanted to be in the spring of 1945 was in Berlin. Barely a day or night passed without an air raid. The sky had already fallen in on this city; now the ground was about to disappear under the advancing Allied armies approaching from east and west.
But it was to be the dreaded armies of the Soviet Union, much of whose population had been enslaved and brutalised by the Nazis, who were to arrive first. Berlin was the capital of the Third Reich. For six years cruelty and murder had spread out from here to engulf the continent. That April, cruelty and murder were coming home.
Today's Berlin is still marked by that catastrophic and unequal final battle. Here and there scars remain on view, despite the efforts of modern Berlin to fill the gaping spaces and cover its mutilations. Eventually there will be little left of the Berlin of April and May 1945.
At the entrance to Oranienburger Strasse in eastern Berlin, a doorway viciously disfigured by the fighting sits alongside the spanking new façades of fashionable stores. A tram rattles past. Back in 1945 the miserable Berliners were filling trams with rubble (no shortage of that) and parking them in the middle of the streets as barricades.
How long was that going to keep out the Russian tanks? "A minute," went the joke, "10 seconds for them to push past and 50 seconds for them to stop and have a good laugh."
Following the road west, and turning into Grosse Hamburger Strasse, you pass a house that was sprayed with lead from top to bottom. Someone has put up an iron frame against the wall surrounding a few of the holes; the word "Pax" is carved into the metal.
Walking south and over the river on to Museum Island, you confront columns that look as if they have been chewed on by some giant dog. The forlorn New Museum building and the streets around are so infested with bullet holes that you can almost hear the machine-gun fire as you run your eyes over them. If a patch of wall is clear, it's because it is a reconstruction.
Long after those blemishes have gone, the giant reminder behind Friedrichstrasse station will still be there. (Throughout the Cold War, this station was the railway junction between East and West.) In Reinhardtstrasse, set into a row of houses as if it were just an ordinary building, is a vast bunker. One crumbling wall reveals innards of rusting iron. This is reinforced concrete, made to take a direct hit; they'll never get rid of it. The impacts of Russian artillery are still visible. The scars that streak across the surface are shockingly violent, but barely a centimetre deep. The damage shows how the attackers resorted to trying to fire shells in through the arrow-slit windows.
A train ride away, and a short stroll down Rheinstein Strasse in suburban East Berlin, is a large yet unassuming building. But the arsenal of Russian tanks, assault guns and howitzers lined up in the garden outside are certainly extraordinary. An old plaque by the main entrance reads, in Russian and German: "Here on 8 May 1945, the unconditional surrender of fascist Germany was signed." This is the building where the war ended. Inside, the actual room where the surrender was taken has held on to the majesty of the occasion. On the walls are the original flags of the victors, which looked down on the brief ceremony; American, British, Soviet and French. A film runs in a loop showing Field Marshall Keitel shiftily adding his signature to the document.
Today this is the German-Russian Museum. The main exhibition about the war on the Eastern Front is in Russian and German only, but an accompanying English booklet gives you the idea. The maps and photos and profusion of weaponry speak for themselves anyway. How vast real guns look to people who have hardly ever seen them. Here is one of the armbands the home guard units in Berlin had to wear; "People's Storm Unit", it reads, ridiculously. In Berlin, Dad's Army really did go off to get blown to pieces.
Beside this is a German anti-tank bazooka. You cannot look at one of those things without seeing also the faltering, wrinkled hand of the grandfather who probably held it 57 years ago. Or the milk-white face of the boy who ran with it through this city's shattered streets. The German army had run out of soldiers by then, and was drafting 15- and 16-year olds. "Corn for sowing must not be milled," warned Goethe, echoed in the war by a grieving Berlin mother and grandmother, the artist Käthe Kollwitz.
Nearby are the instructions on how to use the bazookas, helpfully reprinted for a more general readership in the German national press in March 1945. Despite the illustrations showing a uniformed soldier holding the thing, the information is clearly aimed at Berlin's civilians: "Don't be afraid of enemy tanks, stay calm. And remember – the closer you get, the better your chances."
Back in central Berlin, the "Topography of Terror" exhibition on Niederkirchner Strasse stands on the exact site of the SS and Gestapo headquarters. Pictures on display there explain just what the Russians were avenging. Next door is the Martin-Gropius-Bau, its entrance flanked by two statues. The fighting in the war blew the limbs and heads off both of them, and they have deliberately been left like that. Inside, a shop sells postcards depicting Berlin's history, including one of a red flag being raised over the Reichstag.
Quite why Stalin chose to raise the victory flag over the Reichstag is a mystery, since this parliament building was actually the symbol of vanquished German democracy. Still, Stalin didn't know much about democracy. A huge painting in the German-Russian Museum shows idealised scenes of triumph in front of the Reichstag, painted by a Soviet artist: cheering Russian soldiers swing from the pockmarked pillars at the entrance, and dead German troops lie on the steps.
Today, tourists queue up on the Reichstag steps for an elevator ride to Norman Foster's glass dome. You can also wander on the roof, and use your postcard to locate the exact spot where the flag was raised for the immortal photograph.
On the Street of 17 June, just around the corner from the Reichstag and past an emasculated classical statue that took a few bullets itself, is a Soviet memorial. The first two tanks to break through the German defences are mounted on plinths, with an inevitably epic-looking brass Russian soldier between them. The real memorial is further east, though, in the middle of Treptower Park. Here, a Russian mother bears her pain with a clenched fist at her chest, surrounded by weeping willows. In front of her, two giant marble-plated concrete triangles
representing red flags are dipped in honour of the 5,000 soldiers buried in a vast sunken graveyard beyond, in five mass tombs topped by giant metal wreaths. Walk past them and you stand at the foot of an artificial hill where, towering above you, a Red Army soldier holds an outsize sword in one hand and a rescued child in the other, a shattered swastika under his boot. Despite the repair work that hides part of it, the intensity of conflict cannot be concealed.
Track down the traces of 1945
Bunker on Reinhardtstrasse. Nearest underground (U) and overground (S) station is Friedrichstrasse. Cross the bridge north from the station, second street on the right. You can only see this bunker from the outside. The only bunker/air-raid shelter in Berlin open to the public is the Anhalter station bunker at Schöneberger Strasse, entry €6.50; nearest S, Anhalter Bahnhof. Walk down Schöneberger Strasse, entrance on the right.
The Topography of Terror Museum; free exhibition on the site of the former SS and Gestapo headquarters. Contains information about these organisations, including material on the last days of the war. Niederkirchner Strasse; nearest U, Kochstrasse; nearest S, Bahnhof.
Martin-Gropius-Bau; museum with alternating exhibitions. Niederkirchner Strasse; as above.
The Reichstag; Platz der Republik 1; free entry to the dome, daily 8am-12pm, last entry 10pm. Nearest S, Unter den Linden; take west exit, through Brandenburg Gate; it's on your right.
German-Russian Museum, Berlin-Karlshorst, the site of the surrender of Nazi Germany; Zwieseler Strasse 4, nearest S, Karlshorst. Take the Treskowallee/Rheinstein Strasse north exit; open 10 am-6pm, Tuesday to Saturday. Free. English guide available for groups of over 10, by prior arrangement; phone 00 49 30 5015 0810. A useful English brochure is available for €2.
Soviet War Memorial, Strasse des 17 Juni; nearest S, Bahn Unter den Linden; Bus 100 from Zoo station.
Soviet War Memorial, Treptower Park; nearest S, Treptower Park, take south exit, walk south-east down Puschkinallee. A giant stone arch with inscriptions in Russian and German marks the entrance to the memorial on your right.
Oranienburger Strasse/Grosse Hamburger Strasse; nearest S, Oranienburger Strasse (also recommended for restaurants and cafés).
Museum Island; home to the New Museum, Old National Gallery, Pergamon Museum and Old Museum, all of which bear scars of the fighting. Nearest S, Hackescher Markt; take west exit and walk south over the river at the Friedrichsbrücke bridge and you're on Museum Island.
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848
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dbpedia
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1
| 5
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https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g187323-d190518-Reviews-Brandenburg_Gate-Berlin.html
|
en
|
Brandenburg Gate - All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go (2024)
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https://static.tacdn.com/favicon.ico?v2
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Tripadvisor
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https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g187323-d190518-Reviews-Brandenburg_Gate-Berlin.html
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The Brandenburg Gate is the Brandenburg Gate. You've seen the pictures of it and read about it, seeing it is just the next step. It is as spectacular as you thought. It is just very busy and is hard to get the perfect picture without a few dozen other people in shot. At dusk, with the sun setting over the gate, was a nice time to visit. I felt a compelling desire to touch the gate.
A iconic symbol of history.. Very touristy but nice, Plenty of places to eat and drink near by , Where I found a lovely bakerie where they sold Cakes/Sandwiches & Hot/Cold drinks. It`s situated on sort of the main rd but it has plenty of space to walk around it, Also there are guides that will tell you all about it plus other interesting stuff about other nearby attractions..For a price.. The S and U bahn train station is very nearby as well..Plenty of seats to have a rest as well..
We took photos of the Gate at 3 different times. We had a daytime photo, which helped to see the details of the statue. That was tough since there were so many people. We took one at night for the Festival of Lights. It was tough to see the details in the amazing statue on top though. The best one by far was one at dusk. The sky was a deep blue, and the statue popped out with the blue background, so that was our favorite time of the day. This was less crowded at this time. This iconic symbol of Germany was made even more amazing at the Festival of Lights. The show had a light show / video projecting on the gate and set to music. The show at this stop was the best of all the Lights. If you have a chance to be in Berlin during this festival in Oct, make sure this is on the top of your list. If it’s not during the festival, then coming here at dusk will not disappoint.
The Brandenburg Gate, located in the heart of Berlin, stands as a testament to Germany's long and varied history. Built in the late 18th century, this impressive structure is a symbol of the country's past and present. The gate is made up of 12 Doric order columns, topped with a quadriga sculpture depicting the goddess of victory. This monumental structure is a reminder of the great history of Germany, and its significance in the world today. It is a must-see for anyone visiting the country, and a reminder of the importance of preserving history.
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Make Your Day
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https://sbahn.berlin/en/about-us/company-profile/history-of-s-bahn-berlin/
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History of S-Bahn Berlin
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A moving story in pictures and text: from its very inception to the post-war years and the division of Berlin up to present age.
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/typo3conf/ext/sbb_sitepackage/Resources/Public/Frontend/images/favicon/favicon-16.png
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https://sbahn.berlin/en/about-us/company-profile/history-of-s-bahn-berlin/
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100 years of emotional history
Looking back at our moving history:
The Beginning: the Prussian Railway
The first Prussian railway line, which connected Berlin over Zehlendorf with Potsdam, was built. Over the following years, more and more districts of the city connected to this network.
Berlin's Rail Traffic: a Success Story
By the end of the century, the network of railways in Berlin comprised 412 km, 114 stations, with up to 1,142 trains operating on weekdays.
The Electric Train Operation Begins
In April 1900, the Prussian Railway launched its first electrical trial operations with 750 volts DC on the Wannsee railway during night breaks. On August 1, 1900, the time had come: the electric train operation between the Wannsee station and Zehlendorf station was in operation.
©
Historische Sammlung DB AG/Wolfgang Stephan
The Birth of the S-Bahn Berlin
Shortly after the end of World War I, plans to expand the rail network continued in Berlin. The goal was to power new lines. A total of six experimental railcars of AEG rolled along the route from Stettin suburban railway station to Bernau. The date became the "official birth of the S-Bahn Railway". The end station was later named after the production series, „Bernau“.
The Unit Train Rolls Down the Tracks
Introduction of the unit train vehicle concept (which is still in use to this day): eight equal-length cars form a complete train.
©
Historische Sammlung der DB AG/ Wolfgang Stephan
A Classic is on the Move
The S-bahn railway put the “City Train” design into operation. This was the first time they took on the red-yellow color theme. This type of vehicle shaped the image of the S-Bahn railway for nearly seven decades. In 1997, the trains operated their last courses into well-deserved retirement.
©
Historische Sammlung der DB AG, Max Krajewsky
Timeless and Beautiful: the Introduction of the S-Bahn Logo
The Reichsbahn Director introduced the S-Bahn logo for the Fast-City-train. It is still debated whether the "S" stands for Schnellbahn (fast train) or Stadtbahn (city train). The mystery remains unsolved.
©
Historische Sammlung der DB AG
The S-Bahn Network Continues to Grow
In the early 1930s, the S-Bahn network developed rapidly: in 1933, electrification was completed with the Wannseebahn, and 1934 began with the construction of the north-south suburban railway tunnel. In September 1936, the Humboldthain to Unter den Linden route opened.
Rapid Development and propaganda
The S-Bahn experienced a rapid development and heyday, it is considered a symbol of modern mobility. At the same time, the influence of the Nazi dictatorship began to make itself felt from 1933 onwards. The construction of the north-south tunnel, for example, was used for propaganda purposes.
Expansion of Electrical Operating Service
Approximately 262 kilometers of route network are converted into modern and environmentally friendly electrical operations.
World War ll
On April 15, 1939, a few months before World War ll broke out, the second route of the north-south suburban railway was put into operation. Further routes were installed until September 1943. However, as the war progressed, the operation of the S-Bahn suffered. At the beginning of April 1945, traffic was suspended on more and more sections of the line. At the end of April, service came to a complete standstill. The S-Bahn ring was now the front line.
Highest Number of Vehicles
With 1140 quarter trains, the S-Bahn Berlin has the highest number of vehicles to date and reaches a passenger record with 737 million passengers.
Consequences of War
On April 25th, the S-Bahn operations come to a complete standstill due to the fighting in Berlin; there is no power supply due to lack of coal. At the end of the war, about 90 percent of the trains are destroyed or not operational.
©
Historische Sammlung der DB AG
The Demolition of the North-South Tunnel
In the final days of the war, the reinforced concrete tunnel ceiling of the North-South S-Bahn tunnel beneath the Landwehr Canal was blown up. It is still not clear who did it and why. The tunnel was destroyed over a length of almost one hundred meters. The waterline burst and spilled from the Anhalter station, over Potsdamer Platz up to the stations Unter den Linden, Oranienburger Straße, and Stettiner station (today's Nordbahnhof). At Friedrichstrasse station, the water flood also reached the subway system. Many people who had sought shelter in the stations from the atrocities of the war had drowned.
The S-Bahn in the Turmoil of the Postwar Period
The S-Bahn irregularly began service again on the first route section between Wannsee and Schöneberg. Soon, the red and yellow trains carried around 420 million passengers a year, which comprised one third of public transportation in Berlin.
Berlin Divided
Despite the divide in East and West Berlin, the S-Bahn continues to travel beyond the sector borders.
Construction Boom
In the late 1940s and in the 1950s numerous Berlin S-Bahn lines were extended and lengthened. The first section was Mahlsdorf-Hoppegarten, the construction boom ended in 1956 with the connection from Strausberg to Strausberg Nord.
©
Historische Sammlung der Deutschen Bahn AG
The Construction of the Wall Separates Berlin
The construction of the wall begins. Berlin and its public transportation systems were massively affected by the divide. S-Bahn and U-Bahn traffic were interrupted due to the border closings. The Friedrichstraße railway station was turned into a strictly secured border crossing. Two independent S-Bahn systems were created, both operated by the Deutsche Reichsbahn (state railway of the GDR).
The S-Bahn Boycott in West Berlin
Politicians and unions called in response to the S-Bahn boycott in West Berlin. Back then, the operator of the S-Bahn was the Deutsche Reichsbahn, which was located in the east of the city but responsible for both jurisdictions. The solidarity gesture was to prevent the "Western money" of the fare revenues from being used to finance the construction of the Wall. The boycott was well received: Within a very short time, the number of S-Bahn passengers in West Berlin's public transportation system no longer played a significant role.
©
Hans Schubert
Rise in the East
While the S-Bahn lost importance in the West Berlin, it remained an important means of transportation in the Eastern part of the city. Passenger numbers reached up to 1.2 million passengers for the Tenth World Festival, a new high point.
Strike in the West
In 1980, the West Berlin employees of the German Reichsbahn went on strike. The reason: A wave of lay-offs were carried out by the Deutsche Reichsbahn against employees based in West Berlin. Afterwards, many strikers were denounced, others did not voluntarily return to work. Due to the shortage of staff, the Deutsche Reichsbahn in West Berlin could only offer limited S-Bahn traffic covering up to 73 kilometers. Routes such as the Ringbahn, the Wannsee train and the connection to Spandau were sent into hibernation.
The BVG Takes Control
An agreement was settled between the German Reichsbahn and the Berlin Senate for the hand-over of operating rights from the West Berlin S-Bahn to the BVG. This was in effect by January 9, 1984. At this time, only 8,000 to 10,000 people daily used the red and yellow trains in the Western part of the city.
©
Udo Dittfurth
Triumph and Voluntary Overtime During the Fall of the Berlin Wall
On the night of November 9th to 10th, the fall of the Berlin Wall sent Germany into a collective celebration. Especially in Berlin, people flocked to the crossing points of the border, where the mass transit system was literally overrun. Many train drivers volunteered for additional services and put in countless overtime hours allowing the trains to run all night.
Continuous Operation on the City Train
On July 2, 1990 S-Bahn City Trains were back in service. Starting on September 1st, they also stopped at the underground "ghost stations" of the North-South Railway with the exception of Potsdamer Platz, which would later go into service on March 1, 1992.
©
Historische Sammlung der DB AG/Werner Reiche
The Year of Track Closings
The Berlin S-Bahn put three routes back into service: Wannsee to Potsdam City, Frohnau to Hohen Neuendorf, and Lichtenrade to Blankenfelde. A few years later the routes Schönholz-Tegel-Hennigsdorf and Priesterweg-Lichterfelde-Süd as well as Westkreuz-Pichelsberg-Spandau were reactivated.
©
Joachim Donath
The Industrial Expansion
A further merger took place with the fusion of the German Federal Railways (Deutscher Bundesbahn) and German Reichsbahn to Deutsche Bahn AG. With the founding of the new company, the operating rights for the West Berlin routes of the S-Bahn were handed over from the BVG to the Deutsche Bahn AG.
Happy Birthday, S-Bahn Berlin GmbH
The S-Bahn Berlin was created as a limited liability company.
©
David Ulrich
Wedding Day at the S-Bahn Berlin
The last section of the Ringbahn has been completed and celebrated with a big Wedding Day in the Wedding district. With the commissioning of the route from Westhafen to the Schönhauser Allee, the Ring was now fully in service after almost 41 years.
©
Joachim Donath
Train Fleet Makeover
Within ten years, many S-Bahn trains up to 70 years old were replaced by 500 new 481 series trains. If the average life of a train was 43 years in 1995, and only 8 years in 2006. The acquisition of the new trains of the 481 series cost about 1.2 billion euros.
Vehicle Crisis
Manufacturer-related vehicle defects and management errors in the company led the S-Bahn Berlin into a crisis that resulted in performance restrictions. A new management which worked with additional staff and extended workshop capacities to repair defects was put into effect. Other divisions of Deutsche Bahn supported this change by providing more employees and benefits. In 2009, 2010 and 2011, in an effort to restore passenger satisfaction, the S-Bahn Berlin spent over 140 million euros. In total, Deutsche Bahn invested 400 million euros in the new vehicle fleet.
Alliance with DB Regio
The S-Bahn Berlin and its trains become part of DB Regio AG.
©
David Ulrich
"90 Years Uniting Berlin"
The anniversary is inspired by the motto "90 Years Uniting Berlin". The S-Bahn Berlin launched christening campaigns to express its commitment to the region, the population, and to its passengers.
©
Stjepan Sedlar
Transportation Contract Signing
Railway and political representatives signed the transportation contract for the Ring/South-East subnetwork and ordered 382 new S-Bahn production series 483/484 trains from the manufacturer consortium Siemens/Stadler.
©
büro+staubach
Investment in the Future: Presentation of the New 483/484 Series
Investments of 900 million euros in the train fleet of the S-Bahn Berlin take shape. In October 2016 with the series 483/484 was presented as a genuine highlight (timeline).
©
Christiane Flechtner
First new trains in regular passenger service
Initial field testing of the new S-Bahn trains commenced on 1 January. The first ten pre-production trains were trialled in regular passenger service on the S47 line between Spindlersfeld and Hermannstraße. In August, the field test was completed successfully and regular operation began.
©
Dominic Dupont/DB AG
New S-Bahn series proves itself
After the new S-Bahn had already been in service on lines S46 (since 27 June 2022) and S8 (since 14 October 2022), it was put into service on the S41 and S42 Ringbahn lines ahead of schedule on 11 December 2022, as the manufacturers Stadler and Siemens Mobiliy made faster progress with production than planned.
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CODED: A HAPPY TRIPPING GUIDE
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2019-06-20T19:12:28+00:00
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All set to see Europe ! Explore the continent that brought us Nutella, Yves Saint Laurent, Skype and that fabulous bearded lady from Eurovision. Europe, we salute you. 😃 To get the most out of your Euro trip, without breaking the bank & for better personal DIY planning we are sending you this link with […]
|
en
|
Tripver
|
https://tripver.com/guide/europe-de-coded-nye/
|
All set to see Europe ! Explore the continent that brought us Nutella, Yves Saint Laurent, Skype and that fabulous bearded lady from Eurovision. Europe, we salute you. 😃
To get the most out of your Euro trip, without breaking the bank & for better personal DIY planning we are sending you this link with essential details. These details will be also sent across to you daily as per the trip itinerary by I Trip Scout on whatsapp. You may use this information as a ready reckoner or an advance planner during the coming 11 days of your trip.
SUMMARY OF THE TRIP
December 29- Day 1- Flight from Mumbai to Budapest
December 29- Day 1- Overnight stay at Budapest 1
December 30- Day 2- Budapest Hop on Hop Off
December 30- Day 2- Overnight stay Budapest 2
December 31- Day 3- Bus (Budapest- Prague)
December 31- Day 3- Overnight stay at Prague 1
January 01– Day 4- Prague DIY Exploration Day
January 01- Day 4- Overnight stay at Prague 2
January 02- Day 5- Bus (Prague-Berlin)
January 02- Day 5- Overnight Stay in Berlin 1
January 03- Day 6- Berlin DIY Exploration Day
January 03- Day 6- Overnight stay at Berlin 2
January 04- Day 7- Flight from Berlin to Mumbai
EURO ITINERARY HACKS:
DAY 1- DEPARTURE FROM INDIA
Say goodbye to your city & head to the airport. Flash you VISA to the immigration in full SWAG ! The Euro trip has finally begun.
DAY 1- HELLO HUNGARY!
Budapest, the capital of Hungary awaits you. Take on a city with enough baroque, neoclassical and art nouveau architecture to keep you puzzled for hours. Budapest is not just about its architecture that’ll keep you intrigued, but it’s known for its ultimate party & nightlife scenes. As the sun sets we embark on another epic adventure from the heart of Budapest party district out to the wildest pub crawl this city can offer !
-How to reach hostel from Airport: The shuttle bus 100E runs between Budapest Airport to the city centre. It is normally operational from 12:00 AM to 11:40 PM. However, bus timings are subject to change as per local city regulations. You may buy the tickets from BKK Vending machines or get more details from BKK Customer Service Points at the airport. The ticket price is around HUF 900 (Eur 3). The nearest point to your hostel is Astoria M. You may deboard the bus at Astoria M and walk for 450 mtrs to reach Hive Party Hostel.
–About Hostel: You’ll be staying at The Hive Party Hostel. (Hostel Address: Budapest, Dob u. 19, 1074 Hungary)
Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/dHH4TwXwSnt82sXE6
-Suggestions:
-Budapest is known for its Ruin Bars. Szimpla Kert set the nightlife standard when it opened in the Jewish Quarter in 2001, spawning several copy-cat bar experiences that have come to define a Budapest night out. (Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/UMykxq2mujL3MpjP8 )
–Rosenstein Restaurant 😎 serves the best traditional Hungarian and Hungarian-Jewish food in Budapest. Tibor Rosenstein, a by now legendary figure in Budapest’s culinary scene, opened the restaurant in 1996, which is still run by the family with the kitchen. is
Google Map Location : https://goo.gl/maps/NCf3J255uTE2
-You may head out to Castro Bisztro (just 1.4 kms from your hostel)
During the day, Castro Bisztro looks like a cosy restaurant serving tasty dishes, but as night falls the scene transforms into a parTAY! Have a drink or two, and choose from the wide selection of traditional dishes (the goulash here is INSANE and only costs 950 HUF). Castro Bisztro have created an atmosphere and menu to be reckoned with!
Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/YNn3braMaP72
–Gelarto Rosa is an independent chain of artisanal ice cream stores in the heart of Budapest. They are taste of tradition, intimacy, and romance in the glorious Szent István Square. Ice-cream is hand-made on the premises, from the finest organic ingredients, using traditional (artisanal) Italian ice-cream making techniques, and shaped by our skilled staff into our artistic rose shape.
DAY 2- BADASS BUDAPEST
A Hop On Hop Off tour will historically introduce you to the magnificence of this town including the Danube Promenade, Heroes square & the #InstaPerfect Castle district. Enjoy lunch at the old square and finish with yummy Kürtőskalács (chimney cake). Spend your evening witnessing a sunset over the Danube River #Goals. The night scene at the many town-squares is perfect for a crazy night.
Hop On Hop Off: The tickets for your Hop On & Hop Off shall be sent across to every individual traveler 2 hours prior to the scheduled Hop On Hop Off plan.
Nearest Boarding Point: The nearest boarding point for Hop On Hop Off is Anker Lane (Point 6 on Red Route). It’s just 500 mts/ 5 minutes walk from your hostel. (Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/RFAqF2FG8QFpgq1GA)
-Hop On Hop Off Buses starts at 09:00 AM and runs till 06:00 PM at a duration of every 30 minutes. You may start your Hop On Hop Off at any time between operational hours.
Here are a few places which you may cover in Budapest:
-Buda Castle
-Hungarian Parliament Building
-Heroes’ Square (Hosök tere)
-Margaret Island
-St. Stephen Basilica
-Fisherman’s Bastion
*Please note that entry ticket to any monument/ museum or any other place is not included in your Hop On Hop Off ticket.
-Other Suggestions:
-Wake up early and there is this small walk up the tiny hill to the Liberty Statue, this takes you from Buda to Pest… the reason why we suggest you walk it up is that the view gets amazing and this tiny garden-forest in the middle of the city is perfect for some me time. On your way down you can also visit an cave turn into a church before you go for your Hop On Hop Off.
(Liberty statue Google Map Location : https://goo.gl/maps/GzcLY7ofFeG2 )
–Head off to the waters at the Gellert Baths – ( hey, don’t leave till you’re pruny ). 😅 There are 80+ thermal springs in Budapest but this is the most famous.
(Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/X16EHVb1Q5n )
-Indulge in a spa treatment then visit the Buda Castle or House of Terror Museum
*Buda Castle Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/uxSEQ5eJnKJ2
*House of Terror Museum Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/8V3ojmAGzMD2 )
-In the evening hang with the hipsters & drink local fruit brandy. Chill out and absorb the culture, get out on the streets and visit one of the many Ruin Bars for a quick drink, you can also head out to the town square and see the parliament lit up. You can also pick up a beer at one of the supermarkets around and sit on the Liberty bridge (the old green bridge)
(Liberty Bridge Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/5D6nE1Re9hG2 )
–2 Spaghi Favorite among locals, this place serves amazing Italian food. They use their homemade sauces and their pesto sauce is incredibly popular with the crowd. Best part, it’s just 1.4 kms away from your hostel.
(Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/VqXDRsY2Sj12 )
–Drum Cafe They serve traditional Hungarian meals with a twist and are loved by local crowd for their amazing ‘Goulash’. They also have a good variety of craft beers and wines.
(Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/Wu36wUsodrQ2 )
-Make sure you guys meet for dinner because the Hungarian Goulash is something 🙂
-SOUVENIR SHOPS:
If you wish to buy some souvenirs for your friends and family back home, you can visit Paprika Market. It’s one of the best markets in Budapest, a bit touristy though. (Google Map Location https://goo.gl/maps/pQ8DP2tQqUn )
-Another option is Budapest Souvenirs. Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/Z5xH4Fq32JD2
-For Vegetarians:
–1.96 Zen Etterem: This place has a good variety of vegetarian as well as vegan meal options along with smoothies and Taiwanese tea. (Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/gKRzBLe3UkB2 )
–Curry House: This place serves Indian and Asian food with both options of Veg and NonVeg. Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/BgXBSxioy2z
DAY 3: BUDAPEST TO PRAGUE
Shoot one last longing look at the Baroque Buda before arriving in Prague, the capital of Czech Republic. Pack your bags and hop on to your local transport and get ready & head to Prague #NextStop 🚎. Reach the city by evening & chill out with new hostel mates. By evening head out for some awesome Czech Food, crafted beers & Trdelník (kinda special czeh pastry). #Newlife
Bus from Budapest to Prague:
– Your bus will depart at 08:30 AM from Budapest Kelenfold Bus Station (Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/adSVFEzHe19fZAEh7)
Do ensure you make it at least 30 minutes prior to the boarding, else you may miss the bus & keep your e tickets/passport handy. You’ll reach Prague (UAN Florenc bus station) at 15:30 hrs.
Directions from Hive Hostel to Budapest Kelenfold Bus Station:
-From Hive Hostel walk for around (5 minutes/450 mts) to reach Astoria M station
-Take M 49 going towards Kelenföld vasútállomás M
-Get down at Kelenföld vasútállomás M and walk for another 200 mts to reach the Bus Station.
The ride will take around 25 minutes.
About Prague:
Prague, the city of Hundred Spires, is the capital of Czech Republic. Dotted with vintage monuments and Bohemian culture, this city is known for its Old Town Square. Not surprisingly, visitors from around the world have come in droves, and on a hot summer’s day it can feel like you’re sharing Charles Bridge with half of humanity.
About Hostel:
You are staying at Little Quarter Prague. Located near Wenceslas Square, the very centre 😆 and one of the most bustling parts of Prague. Wohooo ! A different country a different experience. 😉
(Hostel Address: Nerudova 246/21, 180 00 Malá Strana, Czechia)
Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/Jgqfgmu678S5hP2E8
Directions from Prague (UAN Florenc Bus Station) to Little Quarter Hostel:
-Walk for about 250 mts to reach Florenc Local Bus Station
-Take Bus 194 from Florenc station going in the direction of Nemocnice pod Petřínem and deboard at Nerudova.
-Walk for another 240 mts to reach Hostel Little Quarter.
Suggestions:
Head to Charles Bridge. It’s the most iconic bridges in Prague which connects Old Prague Center to Mala Strana, which means “Little Side”. The bridge is protected by three imposing Gothic towers and is home to thirty Baroque-style statues and statuaries.
Evening Dinner & Chilling Options: For dinner, we suggest you ‘Restaurace U Houdku’
( Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/C2sRmVszYT52 )
Its one of the best places as per many others to taste the real Czech food at affordable prices. Once we ate pork ribs, pork with honey and plum sauce, salad and 3 large beers. We paid less than 650 Kč. 😉 Oh! By the way, they have vegetarian options too.
DAY 4: PARTY PRAGUE
Start your Prague exploration from the Old Town, hear the chime of astronomical clock and head forward to cover everything in between. By evening channel your inner bohemian and seek out the John Lennon memorial wall, then soak up some more Czech history at the National Museum or get a taste of the quirky local culture at a marionette puppet opera. The night is yours to make 😁 be it at a nightclub or an easy cafe.
Prague also has options for Hop On Hop Off and guided walking tours. You may go for one or may pick to explore Prague on your own. Hostels also have options for walking tours and experiences for the travelers. You may check with hostel reception desk too.
SUGGESTIONS:
Here are some places which you may visit:
Prague Castle is the largest ancient castle in the world and one of the most important landmarks in Prague.
Old Town Square It has Gothic Buildings dating back to the 14th century, which will make you feel like you have stepped back in time. Do not miss Astronomical Clock when you go to Old Town Square.
John Lennon Wall It is the homage to the famous poet, singer, and songwriter and now is a living art project.
Not just party and history, Prague also offers a wide range of food options. Here are some handpicked recommendations:
TRDELNÍK – CHIMNEY CAKE: Trdelník are made of rolled yeast dough trdelník stands all over the city and some are better than others. These pastries are Transylvanian and Slovakian in origin but commonly found around Central and Eastern Europe in countries such as Hungary, Austria, Romania, and the Czech Republic.
(Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/WRHG74opuER2 )
GingerBread: GINGERBREAD AT PERNÍČKŮV SEN: Cutest bakery I’ve seen, but the gingerbread was some of the best I’ve had. At Perníčkův sen, the owners make gingerbread and regional Czech cookies using the traditional recipe of honey, butter, nuts, and warm spices.
(Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/XQQeBeSD8zk )
Beer: BEER, EVERYWHERE! If you visit Prague Castle (you should), consider a visit to Strahov Monastic Brewery after your visit. You’ll find a brew pub, restaurant, and a lovely outdoor patio that’s the perfect place to relax after a long day of sightseeing. The brewery dates back to the 17th century and still brews beer using traditional recipes from long ago. Order the unfiltered St. Norbert beer in either dark or amber.
(Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/MqxanX6MthB2 )
-There are few other places which you can try for Beer.
Bad Flash Bar, Krymská 126/2, 101 00 Praha 10, Czechia (Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/NvmiQVvrtoy )
BeerGeek Bar, Vinohradská 988/62, 130 00 Žižkov, Czechia (Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/JFsgQnDNUMC2 )
-SOUVENIR SHOPS:
-Pragtique: If you really want to bring back home something original, you should skip the overpriced souvenir shops along all the major touristy routes! Pragtique is a little concept store, or rather smart gallery, well hidden in house atrium called Platýz. (Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/PkEXrScUpR92 )
–Prague Souvenir Shop: This is another shop where you can head out to for getting something for your loved ones back home. Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/PyTCo7XaMR52
-For Vegetarians:
–Estrella restaurant: This vegetarian-friendly place is one of the best places in Prague to grab lunch and dinner. Google Map Loaction: https://goo.gl/maps/WJQ8mUSjv3Q2
–Yori Restaurant: This restraunt serves Thai, Asian food with great options for Vegetarians as well as Non Vegetarians. Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/zAA9W35bjzz
DAY 5: PRAGUE TO BERLIN
Germany awaits you. Have a quick shower and rush to catch the bus to your new stop Berlin.
Bus from Prague to Berlin:
–Your bus is scheduled to leave from Prague(UAN Florenc Bus Station) at 10:10 AM. Google map location: https://goo.gl/maps/tfHaDWvPqUG2 )
-We strongly recommend you to be at the bus station at least 30 minutes prior to your bus departure. Keep your passport and e tickets handy.🚎
-You will reach Berlin by 14:35 hrs at Berlin Central Bus Station.
About Berlin:
Berlin, the capital of the forever serious Germany. However, the undercurrent of coolness will win you over from the moment you step foot on this town. High on history, yet a party paradise, this city never sleeps.
About Hostel:
You are staying in Hostel Generator Mitte. The name of your hostel is Generator Hostel “Mitte”. Berlin’s central Mitte (literally “middle”) borough, places you right in the heart of the action.
(Hostel Address: Oranienburger Str. 65, 10117 Berlin, Germany)
Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/moworispYwr
Directions from Berlin Central Bus Station to Hostel:
-Walk for about 250 mts and reach Messe Nord/ICC (Witzleben) train station.
–Take metro S41 going towards Ringbahn S 41 and get down at “Gesundbrunnen“ station.
-Once you get down at “Gesundbrunnen“, you’ll require to change the train.
-There are multiple trains that go towards “Oranienburger Straße” station which is the nearest station to Generator Mitte.
-Trains S1, S2, S25, and S26 are a few of them. Please note that “Oranienburger Straße” station is not the last station for these trains, it is one of the stops on the route.
-Do check the train route before boarding so that you do not end up boarding the train going in the opposite direction.
-Deboard at “Oranienburger Straße” station and walk for about 1 minute to reach Generator Mitte.
Note: Please do note that these routes are suggestive routes and may differ according to local laws of the land, government holidays and regulations. Please check the routes once before departure to avoid any unnecessary hassles.
SUGGESTIONS:
SHOUT OUT: Here are few things we thought you may want to know about Germany: 😁 Burgers originated from Germany, Black forest cakes came from Germany, Germany beers are known for its taste all across the world & Crazy football mania.
As you are in centre you are spoilt with choices. But here are few authentic things you gotta try:
-For Burgers, we recommend you Burgermeister Schlesisches Tor. They spreads his freshly prepared burgers, crispy fries and homemade dips among his people until late at night. Some followers consider the burgers the best in town – whether this is true or not inexperienced voters should find out by themselves – but the chili burger is certainly the hottest you can presently get in Berlin. Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/8yvE5hzaH232
–For black forest cakes & epic desserts walks you may head to Konditorei Buchwald. Followers considers this to be original recipe for black forest. Cakes here melts in your mouth. Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/KRYgSBHEqy42
-Beer: Zum Starken August is an unexpected treat in Prenzlauer Berg. 😉This bar was completely renovated in order to pay homage to one of the owner’s circus roots. Personal touches, such as the old family circus photos which line the wall leading to the bathroom, lend a nostalgic quality and contribute to the overall theme. Take a seat on one of the comfy sofas and watch one of the many eclectic performances offered, such as burlesque shows, wild bingo stories, live performances, and porno karaoke.🤣Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/oQP8s6TAjQm
–We suggest you to be cautious of your personal safety especially in Berlin. Refrain from going to East Germany at night or late evening.
DAY 6: BERLIN EXPLORATION
We raise the tempo of the trip today. Let’s tick off all the touristy places including the Brandenburg, Reichstag, Berlin Wall amongst others during the first half of the day and everyone covers museums on their list by evening. But by night get yourself busy with the amazing scene of Berlin as we crawl from one pub to another 😀, savoring fabled German beers and devouring local burgers with a crowd that refuses to be boring ! #LiveItUp
Berlin also has options for Hop On Hop Off and guided walking tours. You may go for one or may pick to explore Berlin on your own. Hostels also have options for walking tours and experiences for the travelers. You may check with hostel reception desk too.
-SUGGESTIONS:
Want to go touristy without a Hop On Hop Off or walking tour? Then you may visit these places:
Brandenburg Gate It is one of Germany’s most recognizable sight. It is a neoclassical monument which is a symbol of separation between East and West Berlin.
Reichstag Another historical site to visit in Berlin is the Reichstag, a place where the Parliament sits. It has a glass dome, which represents the political transparency of the city.
Berlin Cathedral Berliner Dom, otherwise known as the Berlin Cathedral, is a Neo-Renaissance style building built in 1905. It is one of the most preferred places by travelers.
Museum Island Located in the middle of the Spree River, Museum Island (also known as Museumsinsel Berlin) is a complex that was awarded UNESCO World Heritage Site status.
–Berghain If you run the gauntlet and get in, be prepared for a night, day and night again of dancing in a Matrix-esque, post-apocalyptic settings. It’s one of the good techno nightclubs of Berlin and it’s Friday night, so be prepared for long queues.
Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/h4CeoNWhXNz
-For Vegetarians:
-Delhi 6: Just in case you’re missing home, you can head out to this place to try some Indian Food in Berlin. Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/eSZhY9HrQKP2 )
–Com Viet: This quaint restaurant is centrally located and serves Veg as well as Non Veg meals along with beer/wines at reasonable prices. ( Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/JbnbebQsZVx )
DAY 7: FLIGHTS TO INDIA
All good things come to an end, so is this Europe Experience. Pack your bags and set forward to return to your home.
Flight Details:
Your flight is scheduled to depart at 11:35 AM from Berlin Airport (TXL). We recommend our travelers to reach the airport atleast 03 hours prior to the departure time.
Airport Transfers:
TXL Express Bus runs between TXL Airport and city centre (Alexanderplatz) at a frequency of every 10 minutes and takes around 30-40 minutes to reach the airport. One way ticket costs around Eur 3. You may buy tickets from ticket machines at Alexanderplatz or directly from the bus driver as soon as you board the shuttle bus. Alternatively, you may also book a cab to the airport.
NOTES:
I TRIP SCOUT:
This being a DIY backpacking trip & many of our travelers are going to Europe for the first time, we want to ensure a hassle-free trip. For this purpose, let us introduce you to iTripScout. iTrip Scout is an online virtual trip captain for both Community & Tripver Prive Trips. ITripScout will be part of the Whatsapp group too. The team of I Trip Scout are experienced professional and senior community member who have curated the itinerary. Itripscout will have 02 functions:
*LIVE Functions: ITripScout feature will be available for LIVE CHAT from 0900 AM to 0700 PM as per the current destination standard time, where the traveler is traveling. The messages chat will happen on a personal chat window of WhatsApp between the traveler and Tripver ITripScout. This information can be pertaining to traveler personal inquiry about a specific destination, route, flights, best restaurants, a suggestion for DIY Day etc.
*DAILY Functions: ITripScout will send out messages in the following time
Assist traveler in self-travel by sharing maps to catch the local transports, walk, cafe crawls & one point contacts.
Prior to the beginning of the travelers day, informing him of the agenda as per the itinerary.
Suggestions for recommended places to visit & stay.
Any other necessary recommendation or update of the day as per the itinerary
*Response time: The response time for I Trip Scout shall be within 15 minutes.
Timings & Punctuality: Please ensure that you reach the bus boarding points at least 30 minutes prior to the time of departure. Do keep your e-tickets and passport handy. Tripver will not be responsible for traveler missing their bus however in case any traveler does miss the bus due to unavoidable circumstances, I Trip Scout & team will be happy to rebook reschedule and take contingency methods instantly. The expenses for the same will have to be borne by the individual traveler via online payment link which will be sent instantly before rebooking the ticket.
NOTE: Please do note that these routes are suggestive routes and may differ according to local laws of land, government holidays and regulations. Please check the routes once before departure to avoid any unnecessary hassles.
The details for Cafes/Restaurants are suggestive in nature. Please check the opening and closing time and days before heading out for real-time info.
Out-of-this-world adventures? Check. Stunning locations? You bet. Memories to last a lifetime? Hell yeah!
Let Tripver take you there.
Happy to Help!
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Getty Images
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Getty Images UK. Find high resolution royalty-free images, editorial stock photos, vector art, video footage clips and stock music licensing at the richest image search photo library online.
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https://www.deutschland.de/en/topic/life/mobility-travel/berlin-a-creative-laboratory
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Berlin – a creative laboratory
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2015-06-18T14:02:19+02:00
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Since reunification, Berlin has long since grown out of the east and west question – to become an international creative laboratory where the future feels close enough to touch.
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/themes/custom/plattform_deutschland/static-assets/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png
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deutschland.de
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https://www.deutschland.de/en/topic/life/mobility-travel/berlin-a-creative-laboratory
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OST. The three giant letters on the roof of the Volksbühne theatre at Rosen-Luxemburg-Platz spell out the German word for east, and are deliberately confusing. There has been no “east” in Berlin’s central Mitte district for years, and the Volksbühne is not entirely blameless in this. Over the past 25 years, the boundaries of theatre have been explored here time and time again. Besides the classic works of director’s theatre, which have been reinterpreted at the Volksbühne, Christoph Schlingensief and René Pollesch celebrated their early successes here. The Volksbühne made political, engaged and spectacular theatre, thereby almost incidentally helping to convey to the world the message that Berlin’s centre is a stage for tireless experimentation. It was thus only logical that the thunderous rumblings in the world of theatre which accompanied the question of who would succeed Frank Castorf, who has been the theatre’s artistic director since 1992, were to be heard all over Europe. These days Berlin Mitte is a world-class location, a place in the world for which “east” is at most a geographical reference.
Chris Dercon, director of the renowned Tate Gallery in London, won the race for the post of artistic director. When talking about Berlin, he speaks in euphoric, superlative terms rather than resorting to understatement: “Large numbers of artists also come to London. But London’s development is in a rut, whereas Berlin is in a state of constant flux.” For Belgium-born Dercon, the Volksbühne with its more than 100-year history is the place where “the future of theatre” in the 21st century will be produced. Berlin has long compared itself to London and New York but has now overtaken both – so at least believes Chris Dercon.
If we take a stroll through the epicentre of the new Berlin from Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz, we will find that the question of what is east and what is west has long since become irrelevant. It is no longer sensitivities concerning the former parts of Germany that are debated in Berlin Mitte, but international issues in which the word “future” will inevitably feature. As indeed it will at the Babylon cinema, which is all about the future of film – and which, it goes without saying, is equally international. After its triumphal debut in Los Angeles, this is where Ida, the Polish movie that won the Oscar for best foreign language film, was first screened. A drama about a Jewish girl in post-war Poland, it also opened the Film Polska festival which, as its curator Kornel Miglus likes to emphasise, is the largest festival of Polish cinema outside Poland.
If we then proceed along Rosa-Luxemburg-Strasse towards Alexanderplatz, we will inevitably arrive at Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse. If street names are seen as preserving urban memories, this one has a very East German ring to it, and one that seems determined to uphold socialist traditions. Little in the way of such tradition remains here apart from the complex of prefabricated concrete tower blocks on Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse, as most of the buildings which stood as a testament to socialist-style urban development were knocked down after German reunification. The idea was to rebuild the “new Berlin”, and indeed – with a touch of postmodern irony – the Prussian City Palace, at the heart of the city. Many East Berliners considered this to be a sacrilege, as did young architects and urban activists. Was the plan suddenly to celebrate the past glory of the Hohenzollern monarchy at the centre of a reunited Berlin? To celebrate the 19th rather than the 21st century, the spiked helmet rather than the woolly hat, fine ashlar masonry rather than glass?
The criticism has meanwhile died down, as the reconstruction of the City Palace, which celebrated its topping-out ceremony in the spring of 2015, is only a shell for the Humboldt Forum, the “most important cultural project of the Federal Republic of Germany”, as State Secretary for Culture Monika Grütters stresses. With the collections of the Ethnological Museum and the Museum of Asian Art, the Humboldt Lab of the university of the same name and the World.City.Berlin exhibition of the Stiftung Stadtmuseun, Berlin’s Mitte is bringing the whole world into the palace. The founding director of the Humboldt Forum is the British art historian and museum director Neil MacGregor who, when he was first presented, stated with conviction that: “Europe is being rethought in Berlin.” Previously MacGregor ran the British Museum in London. Given such concentrated internationalism, might there not be a shortage of local colour? It is certainly the case that English, Spanish or Italian are more likely to be heard than German, let alone the local Berlin dialect, along Berlin’s Unter den Linden boulevard, which is the continuation of Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse, as well as in many of the bars and cafés in Mitte, Kreuzberg or Friedrichshain. Local colour is provided at the end of the boulevard, however, in the form of Berlin’s famous landmark, the Brandenburg Gate. Pictures of people celebrating the fall of the Berlin Wall here on 9 November 1989 were beamed around the world. Ever since, this Elbe sandstone gate that was completed in 1791 has been an iconic symbol of the city – appearing on countless tourist photographs as well as serving as the backdrop for major events. When Germany hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2006, images of the “Fanmeile” fan fest at the Brandenburg Gate were seen all over the world – the colourful celebrations in Berlin coming to symbolise a new, tolerant and open Germany. The pictures certainly had the desired effect – tourist numbers are rising every year, and Berlin has long been one of Europe’s three most popular tourist destinations alongside London and Paris.
Talking about Berlin Mitte in superlative terms naturally raises the question of what its problems might be. With an unemployment rate of nearly 14%, Mitte is one of the Berlin districts – alongside Spandau and Neukölln – facing the biggest social challenges. This is because it comprises not only the former centre of East Berlin, but also the one-time working-class neighbourhoods of Moabit and Wedding. And at times, the glamorous face of Berlin is but a stone’s throw away from its darker sides, something which the German capital also has in common with other major cities nowadays: the poor and the rich living in close proximity. What is more, it is not infrequently the case that the “poor” districts are the breeding ground for precisely the sort of creativity that is then celebrated on the “catwalk of Mitte”.
Walking away from the Brandenburg Gate, we follow Wilhelmstrasse, once the centre of German statehood and National Socialist tyranny, via the river Spree, along whose banks one after another of the insignia of the “Berlin Republic” – the Chancellery and Reichstag, the seat of the German parliament – are to be found, to Friedrichstrasse. In the past a symbol for vibrant metropolitan living, it has now been able to re-engage with its history between Checkpoint Charlie and the railway station. North of Weidendamm Bridge it merely forms the backbone of a very ordinary neighbourhood, however, with shops, apartments and a few offices. Berlin was once a laboratory here, too: just after the fall of the Berlin Wall, artists occupied the ruins of a department store – known as the Tacheles Art House, it soon came to symbolise the wild 1990s. The site has now been acquired by a financial investor. The Postfuhramt on Oranienburger Strasse experienced a similar fate: built in Moorish style, the post office building was the base for numerous art initiatives post-1990. Soon, the plan is for very ordinary people to work in very ordinary offices here, hidden away behind the exciting facade. Does this mean that Mitte – this Berlin, German, international laboratory – will soon be very ordinary too? Will the Volksbühne at Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz and the Humboldt Forum soon be but beacons in the otherwise flat and unspectacular landscape of urban existence?
Berlin would not be Berlin if it did not ask precisely these questions itself. But are the answers always the right ones? Not far from Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz, a number of containers have been piled up to create a kind of hipster favela. Known as Platoon Kunsthalle, this makeshift building has been on Schönhauser Allee for three years now. Platoon, a worldwide network which set up its first “Kunsthalle” (or art hall) in the South Korean capital Seoul in 2000, wants “to build a bridge between the key players in the cultural scene: between artists and creative individuals on the one hand and brands and institutions on the other”. Although Platoon has made some useful contributions in this context, the pendulum nowadays seems to be swinging clearly in the direction of commercial goals. Which makes the message that Chris Dercon sought to convey when he was presented as the Volksbühne’s new artistic director all the more important. After all, the theatre is supposed in future to be a planet orbited by several moons. One of the venues to be used is a hangar in the city’s disused Tempelhof Airport, while the Prater on Kastanienallee – a forum for theatrical experimentation – is also to be preserved. The Babylon cinema is to be added to the Volksbühne cosmos. “Theatre is a real and a symbolic place which creates an open situation of people for people,” Dercon explained to the art magazine Monopol. “It should not be afraid of opening up even more.” He could equally well have been talking about creative Berlin. ▪
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Best Hertz Car Hire at Berlin Oranienburger Straße station, Berlin
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Eurotrip #3: Berlin
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Erasmus blog Berlin: Hi everyone!
Continuing with my account of my November spent travelling, today I'll be talking about a four day trip I made to...
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Erasmusu
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https://erasmusu.com/en/erasmus-berlin/erasmus-blog/eurotrip-3-berlin-433214
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Hi everyone!
Continuing with my account of my November spent travelling, today I'll be talking about a four day trip I made to Berlin with some of my flatmates mid-November. I'd already visited before before in 2008, but I was keen to visit this huge city again and get to know it via a different style of travelling (it's not the same travelling with family as it is with friends). Also, going on your Erasmus exchange to Germany and not visiting Berlin would be a sin!
Despite the fact that there's a direct train and bus from Bremen to Berlin, the cheapest option is to get a train to Hamburg (free for students with our semester ticket) and then get a bus from there to Berlin for only 8 euros with Flixbus. Our journey then began by having to get up very early, spending an hour on the train, drinking a coffee in Hamburg and then spending three and a half hours more on the bus to Berlin, which dropped us right in the centre of former East Berlin, next to Alexanderplatz. From there, we decided to save paying for public transport and walk the 25 minutes to Karl-Marx-Allee, one of the avenues most representative of former East Berlin. Flanked by large, cold and communist-looking buildings, the avenue's magnitude and strict order creates a sense of smallness in you as you are confronted with an unfeeling and impersonal city, reflecting the system which exercised its control here. The film 'The Lives of Others' (Das Leben der Anderen) is set in this area, which portrays the strict surveillance and control over the population exercised by the German Democratic Republic.
After having walked down this long avenue, we arrived at the street where our hostel was located. At first, we wanted to stay in Hostel Wombats, since one of my friends had stayed in a hostel belonging to the same change in Munich and had told us that it was very nice. However, there weren't any beds left when we went to reserve, so we decidede to stay in Pegasus Hostel, where another of my friends had stayed a few summers before. He'd told us that it was a pretty shabby hostel, but for the low prices (we paid 46 euros per person for three nights) it wasn't bad, and had a nice feel to it. This had been in the summer though, when the hostels are usually full of backpackers and young people travelling the world, meaning it's easy to socialize with your neighbours; when we stayed in the hostel in November however, it was full of Syrian refugee families who had just arrived in Germany.
Obviously none of us have any problem with the refugees and we're definitely not racist or xenophobic (in fact, anything but), but I have to say that it was a bit awkward being the only young people and the only tourists in the hostel, because when we wanted to use the kitchen quickly before going out, it was always full of people cooking meals for their entire families, meaning the atmosphere was a bit different to what you'd normally find in youth hostels.
The seven of us stayed in a room with eight beds with our own bathroom, so we had enough privacy and space to be getting on with, and this almost meant we could pre-drink in the room before we went out without annoying anyone. The room was pretty nice, with four bunk beds and a table next to a large window. In general, the entire hostel was about 5 out of 10 with regards to cleanliness, so neither dirty nor clean. The kitchen though was really quite disgusting and had a horrible smell. However, everyone was quite convinced that for what we'd paid, the hostel was alright. Apart from me.
The reason for this is because while we were having dinner in the kitchen on our first day at the hostel, I saw a rat running about outside in the hostel's courtyard. I knew perfectly well that if I told my friends what I'd seen, chaos would erupt and nobody would be happy staying in the hostel for the four days we had remaining. So, I decided to keep quiet and suffer in silence, waiting until when we checked out to tell the others. You're welcome, guys.
In conclusion, in terms of the hostel, I wouldn't recommend it as your first option for accommodation in Berlin, but if you don't find another cheap place and all the hostels are full, it's still an option to take into consideration. Apart from the episode with the rat and the bad kitchen, our stay at the hostel was a good one.
Getting back to the story of our trip, after having left our luggage in the hostel's basement (we couldn't check in until midday) we caught the U-Bahn (metro) which was three minutes away from the hostel to Alexanderplatz, from which we started off on a more touristic tour of Berlin: the famous TV Tower on Alexanderplatz (the emblem of Communist Berlin), the Red City Hall, Museum Island, the Berliner Dom (cathedral), the luxurious avenue Unter den Linden, and the well-known Brandenburg Gate, where we met up with some French friends and took an obligatory photo.
On this walk, I have to say I was pretty surprised to discover that the Palace of the Republic, headquarters of the former GDR, had been demolished, and that in its place on Museum Island the Royal Palace of Berlin is being reconstructed. This historical building was heavily damaged in the Second World War and demolished by the Communist government in 1950, though reunified Berlin has today decided to reconstruct it and regain this proud monument for the benefit of the city.
From the Brandenburg Gate, we continued on to the Reichstag, and then to the Tiergarten, the gigantic parque located right in the city centre which houses the Bellevue Palace (residence of the Federal Republic of Germany's chancellor, Angela Merkel) and the Victory Column, which dominates the Tiergarten placed in its very centre. We stopped to eat the lunch we'd brought with us from Bremen in the park (smart savers before anything else), full of autumnal colours.
A characteristic of Berlin is the quantity of memorials in its streets and parks. On this walk we took alone, we came across a memorial to all victims of war and repression on Unter den Linden, another to the victims of persecution and genocide of gypsy origin in the Nazi concentration camps, another to persecuted homosexuals during the Third Reich, another to the Jews murdered in the Holocaust... after eating, we visited these last two, exiting the park just next to the memorial to homosexual victims of National Socialist repression. This monument consists of a black block with a small opening, through which you can see a projection of two men kissing in the same spot as the monument.
Right in front of this small memorial is the huge Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, formed of 2, 711 black rectangular blocks. These blocks, all different sizes, form long corridors of varying height. In this way, the visitor passes through the monument becoming lost among the labyrinthine passageways.
Your impression of this monument varies depending on how you visit it. It's always full of people running and playing among the blocks, which makes it seem like just an amusing labyrinth; if you decide to walk around it alone and in silence, absorbed in your own reflections about the atrocity of the Holocaust, however, it can be quite an intense experience. When we visited it on our first day we didn't take it very seriously, but when we returned on the Monday on the Free Tour, the guide recommended that we walk around it alone. For me, it was a really chilling experience, since the memorial makes you feel disorientated and incapable of fathoming the magnitude of the Holocaust. It had also been raining on this day, meaning that the impermeable blocks were covered with a spattering of raindrops, as if a symbol of the Jewish population's suffering.
After we had visited the monument, we made our way to a nearby car park, beneath which Hitler's bunker had been. In my opinion, this visit was a bit unnecessary, since there isn't much interesting to see - just an information board telling you that eight metres below your feet is where Hitler's bunker used to be, where he spent the last moments of his life.
Our next destination was Potsdamer Platz, one of the places in Berlin which has changed the most since the fall of the wall. When my parents visited Berlin in 1984, Potsdamer Platz was a gigantic wasteland divided by the wall and with a series of footbridges on the Western side to allow people to look over to the west. This square is now a vibrant hub of communication surrounded by large, modern skyscrapers, symbols of the new prosperous and Capitalist Germany, which has emerged as the main economic power in Europe since reunification in 1989. The Sony Center is especially interesting; a large public space whose roof is an unusual umbrella-like structure of metal and glass.
After this long walk through the city, we decided to catch the metro to go back to the hostel for a rest, since we still wanted to enjoy the Berlin nightlife later on. Berlin is well-known for being one of the European cities with the best nightlife, above all for electro music: it's known as the 'techno capital'. The majority of the nightlife is concentrated in the Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain districts, with its epicentre on Warschauer Straße. The most surprising thing about this area is the location of the nightclubs, which are mostly housed in old industrial buildings, electrical plants or old department stores. There are several famous techno clubs, such as Berghain, Tresor and Watergate, but if you're just visiting the German capital, they won't let you in.
These clubs exploit their enormous popularity (there are two-hour queues to get in) by being especially strict with their entrance policy. Friends of ours who have spent more time in Germany than us told us that to get in, you have to fulfil a series of pretty random selection criteria which I just can't understand at all: you've got to seem like you like techno music, come in a small group, not talk in a language which isn't German, not look at your phone in the queue, not try and get in when you're too drunk... some French friends of us tried to get in to Berghain twice without success, but we decided that it wasn't worth queueing for so long when we probably wouldn't get any for really xenophobic reasons, like speaking Spanish or English in the queue.
So, after a rest and getting ready at the hostel, we headed to the busiest area of Warschauer Straße, where lots of old department store buildings house several small nightclubs. However, although these weren't places as strict as Berghain or Watergate, we found that a lot of places wouldn't let us in since we were seven people, so I recommend splitting into smaller groups if you want to get in to these clubs. In the end, we got into the cheapest one which would let us in (the entrance fee was five euros), though none of us can remember its name. The place and music were good, but there weren't that many people in there, which lead us to suspect that they'd only let us in all together since they needed more people. Despite this, we had a pretty good time and it was quite a funny night. We ended it with a cheap and tasty kebab on our way back to the hostel, the way every good night out should end!
The following day, we made an effort to combat our hangovers and walked to the East Side Gallery, a kilometre-long fragment of the Berlin Wall which was preserved and turned into a fantastic open-air art gallery, where over 150 artists expressed their joy at the fall of the Iron Curtain in Europe and their rejection of every kind of war, conflict and the separation of peoples all over the world. When I visited Berlin in 2008, the murals were in a bad state in terms of their preservation since thousands of stupid visitors had decided that it was a good idea to write their names or stupid 'Viva Badajoz' or 'I love Berlin' messages on the works of art. Fortunately, in 2009 a restoration project was begun, meaning that some of the art has already been completely restored, while others where the restoration is still on-going are surrounded by fencing.
After walking along the East Side Gallery, we crossed over the beautiful reddish Oberbaumbrücke towards Kreuzberg, the most alternative neighbourhood in all of Berlin, where we visited Görlitzer Park, which I hear is always full of activity in the summer months (when we visited, there were just people selling drugs... ) and has numerous record, vintage clothing and piercing shops along Oranienstraße. We walked along here in the direction of Checkpoint Charlie. Along the way, we stopped at a metro station to hide from the cold and eat the sandwiches we'd bought from the supermarket in front of the hostel for only 90 cents (everything was so cheap! ). Continuing on our way, we saw some apparently very normal things such as this gigantic phallus which stretched across a building's entire facade:
Next we visited the Topography of Terror, a museum built atop the ruins of the Gestapo's main headquarters and which narrates the development of Nazism in Germany, explaining the function of the Third Reich in depth and the innumerable atrocities that it involved. I definitely recommend a visit to this exposition, since although some of it is quite disturbing, it's very useful for fully understanding what happened in Germany and in Europe as a whole between 1933 and 1945. Entrance is also completely free, as are most German museums relating to the Third Reich or the Cold War. After this, we decided to go back to the hostel for a rest and to have dinner before going out partying again, but first we paid another visit to the Brandenburg Gate, which had been lit up in the colours of the French flag as a symbol of Germany's support for the victims of the attack, which had taken place the night before. Lots of people had gathered in front of the French embassy, which is located on the same square, leaving flowers, candles and messages in memorial of the victims and condemning terrorist violence.
Since we hadn't used the metro all day, we hadn't bought ourselves a transport ticket (the cheapest option for groups is to combine a five person group day ticket with individual all-day tickets, which worked out as costing three or four euros per person per day as there were seven of us). We were in the station fighting with the ticket machines when suddenly our train arrived, so we decided to get on without having bought tickets and buy them when we next had to change trains. Biiiiiig mistake. We only saw one ticket officer in the four days we were in Berlin, and we only travelled without tickets once, so of course, luck would have it that these two things occurred at the same time. Three of us were given 60 euro fines (the other four managed to get away in time). Some advice then: either pay for all your tickets in Berlin or risk it and don't pay for any, but don't end up like us and get caught out just the one time!
After we'd finished complaining and squabbling about the fine in the hostel, we got ready to go out clubbing again. This time we went to a club called Matrix which is below the Warschauer Straße train station. Although it's not one of the cult hangouts for Berlin techno lovers, it's a huge club (with nine rooms) with loads of people and a great atmosphere, with different kinds of music playing in each room. The entrance fee was 10 euros, but it was totally worth it, since it was a fantastic night out. You'll also have no problem getting in here, as it's somewhere you can definitely enjoy the Berlin nightlife without being a massive techno fan.
The following day we spent the best part of the morning regaining our strength (it was like having a constant hangover, haha), after which we headed to Bernauer Straße, where the Wall Memorial is. It's a kind of park cum memorial where the stories are told of some of the families who lived in the street which was located just at the meeting point of the east and west border. The Wall divided families and neighbours for almost three decades. Right next to the park is a very interesting museum about the Wall, which among other things explains everything that happened in Germany between the end of the Second Word War and the building of the Wall, information that people don't often know about. From the top of this building, you can also see a fragment of the Wall which has been conserved exactly as once was, including the empty area known as the 'death strip' between the two walls which made up the barrier between the two Germanys.
After this, we wanted to go to the Flohmarkt (flea market) in the Mauerpark, which is on every Sunday, but it turned out to be the Volkstrauertag (a day of national mourning) where the German people commemorate the victims of all wars or totalitarian regimes in the world, so the market wasn't on. Instead then, we went to Oranienburger Straße to see the Tacheles squatters' house, but this too was closed.
The next day, the Monday, we got up early and went to the Reichstag (the German Parliament) since we had booked to enter and visit its famous cupola designed by Norman Foster at 8am, where I split my lip on a visit in 2008 (this is what you get for being travel-mad and clumsy). Visiting the cupola is free and totally worth doing, not just due to the fact it's an amazing work of architecture, but also due to its wonderful views of Berlin. You have to reserve your entrance ticket in advance on the Reichstag web site, though you can also try to get in while there by asking if there have been any cancelled reservations. To do this, you'll need to go to the office next to the Reichstag, next to the Tiergarten, and ask.
After this visit, we walked around to pass the time until 11am, when we were due to go on a free tour through Berlin. For those of you who don't know, a free tour is a new idea of a guided tour where they don't ask you for money before it starts, leaving you to decide at the end how much you'd like to pay the guide (or not at all). It was a great experience, since you get to visit all the main monuments in the area, and though we'd already seen most of them, the guide gave us more interesting information on them in Spanish. It's definitely one of the best ways to explore this area of Berlin, so I'll leave you the link to the company who organises these tours, called New Tours Berlin.
The tour started at the Brandenburg Gate and lasted between two and three hours, ending at Bebelplatz, the square where the Nazis held their famous book burning in 1933, which is commemorated by a strange memorial in the centre of the square. At the end of the tour, we got the metro to Mehringdamm next to a small kiosk claiming to sell the 'best kebabs in Europe'. I don't know if they were the best on the continent, but they were definitely the best I'd ever tried, since they add lemon, mint and vegetables to it (and the kebab itself only costs 4. 30 euros). Our stomachs filled with kebab, we headed to the Jewish Memorial again with the intention of visiting the underground museum there. We read on a sign however that the museum was closed on Mondays, but the door was half open, so we went in. After about five minutes though, a security guard caught us and told us to leave. Without anything better to do, we decided to go back to the hostel and spend a few hours relaxing in the reception area until it was time to catch our bus back to Hamburg.
My conclusion to this trip is that although we travelled on an incredibly low budget, you'll definitely laugh at yourself eating mouldy bread in a shabby Berlin metro station, or cooking probably the most disgusting white rice we've ever eaten in our lives surrounded by Syrian refugees and a hidden rat. They were four incredible days in the huge city that is Berlin, and I was continually surprised by its different sides and by the history it harbours, making it definitely one of the cities I'd most like to live in out of all the ones I've visited.
Until next time!
Photo gallery
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Berlin Budget Travel Guide (Updated 2024)
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2010-04-07T09:29:08+00:00
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A comprehensive travel guide to Berlin with information on things to do, accommodation, costs, ways to save, transportation, and more!
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en
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Nomadic Matt's Travel Site
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https://www.nomadicmatt.com/travel-guides/germany-travel-tips/berlin/
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As Germany’s capital and the largest city in the country, almost everyone who visits “The Land of Poets and Thinkers” visits Berlin. While I at first disliked the “industrial” look of the city, its gritty feel, art, history, and nightlife grew on me as I explored. Today, it’s one of my favorite cities in Europe!
Over the past decade, Berlin has become incredibly popular with students, artists, writers, and creatives. They’ve been drawn to the city’s cheap rent and anything-goes spirit. There’s a constant sense of motion in Berlin.
This city is one of the most vibrant on the continent. It’s also huge, so don’t try to see it in just a couple of days. Extend your stay, take your time, rent a bike, and don’t rush. There’s a lot to see.
This travel guide to Berlin can help you plan your trip, save money, and ensure you have an amazing time in this lively metropolis.
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Mitte - Lichtenberg - Recreational cycle route
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[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
View, print and download the recreational cycle route 'Mitte - Lichtenberg' from Kasper Bogaert (10.4 km).
|
en
|
/img/logo/small-16x16.png
|
RouteYou
|
https://www.routeyou.com/en-de/route/view/7754598
|
Please wait, the navigation is being prepared.
You can now navigate. Have fun on the road!
Start
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|
||||
848
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 21
|
https://www.tracesofevil.com/1979/03/east-berlin.html
|
en
|
Traces of Evil: East Berlin
|
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Remaining Nazi sites then and now
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https://www.tracesofevil.com/1979/03/east-berlin.html
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Shortly after midnight of August 13, 1961 construction began on a barrier that would divide Berlin for 28 years. The Berlin Wall was a desperate measure by an East German government on the verge of economic and political collapse to stem the exodus of its own people: 2.6 million of them had left for the West since 1949.
Euphemistically called ‘Anti-Fascist Protection Barrier’, this grim symbol of oppression stretched for 160 kilometres, turning West Berlin into an island of democracy within a sea of socialism. Continually reinforced and refined over time, its cold concrete slabs backed up against a ‘death zone’ of barbed wire, mines, attack dogs and watchtowers staffed by trigger-happy border guards.
More than 5000 people attempted an escape, but only about 1600 made it across; most were captured and 191 were killed. The full extent of the system’s cruelty became blatantly clear on August 17, 1962 when 18 year old Peter Fechtner was shot during his attempt to flee and was then left to bleed to death whilst the East German guards looked on.
At the end of the Cold War this potent symbol was eagerly dismantled. Memento seekers chiselled away much of it and entire sections ended up in museums around the world. Most of it, though, was unceremoniously recycled for use in road construction. Today little more than a mile of the Wall is left, but throughout Berlin segments, memorial sites, museums and signs commemorate this horrifying but important chapter in German history. Besides the places mentioned below, the Haus am Checkpoint Charlie also chronicles this period.
My 2020 Bavarian International School senior history cohort beside the wall on Bergstraße. The church shown in the period photo was the Church of Reconciliation, completed in 1894 as an imposing brick-built building by the architect Gotthilf Ludwig Möckel, in the Gothic revival style. It received minor damage during the war, and still had a deactivated American bomb found during its reconstruction in 1999, but the church survived the war. With the Berlin's division in 1945, the church building found itself within the Soviet sector, with most of the parishioners in the neighbouring French sector resulting in the Berlin Wall, constructed in 1961, running directly in front of the church on its western side and behind it on the eastern side, preventing access to everyone except the border guards, who used its tower as an observation post. The church building was destroyed in 1985 in order ‘to increase the security, order and cleanliness on the state border with West Berlin’ according to the official justification by the East German regime. Four years later in 1989, the Wall fell.
The site before and after the fall of the wall from the British zone
Tourists posing in front of the Berlin Wall at the Brandenburg gate in the British sector on June 6, 1989 and my students in 2013.
The East Side Gallery describes itself as "an international memorial for freedom." It is a 1316 metre-long section of the Berlin Wall located near the centre of Berlin on Mühlenstraße in Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg. The actual border at this point was the river Spree. The gallery is located on the so-called "hinterland mauer", which closed the border to West Berlin. This is the longest, best-preserved and most interesting stretch of Wall and the one to see if you’re pressed for time. It was turned into an open-air gallery by international artists in 1990. The better works are located near the Ostbahnhof end. The Gallery consists of 105 paintings by artists from all over the world, painted in 1990 on the east side of the Berlin Wall. It is possibly the largest and longest-lasting open air gallery in the world. Paintings from Jürgen Grosse alias INDIANO, Dimitri Vrubel, Siegfrid Santoni, Bodo Sperling, Kasra Alavi, Kani Alavi, Jim Avignon, Thierry Noir, Ingeborg Blumenthal, Ignasi Blanch i Gisbert, Kim Prisu, Hervé Morlay VR and others have followed. The paintings at the East Side Gallery document a time of change and express the euphoria and great hopes for a better, more free future for all people of the world. In July 2006, to facilitate access to the River Spree from O2 World, a forty metre-long section was moved somewhat west, parallel to the original position.
A 23-metre section was scheduled to be removed on March 1, 2013, to make way for luxury apartments. None of the artists whose work will be destroyed were informed of these plans. The demolition work actually started on March 1, 2013. According to German news FOCUS, authorities were not aware of the start of the demolition. Due to the involvement of protesters, demolition was postponed until at least March 18, 2013. Nevertheless, two-thirds of the paintings are badly damaged by erosion, graffiti, and vandalism. One-third has been restored by a non-profit organisation which started work in 2000 with the stated objective being the eventual restoration and preservation of all the paintings. However, the restoration process has been marked by major conflict. Eight of the artists of 1990 refused to paint their own images again after they were completely destroyed by the renovation. In order to defend the copyright, they founded "Founder Initiative East Side" with other artists whose images were simply copied without permission. Bodo Sperling launched a test case in the Berlin State Court in May 2011, represented by the Munich art lawyer Hannes Hartung and with the support of the German VG Bild-Kunst. The outcome of the trial would be a landmark declaration for European art law.
The building, House 1, was erected in 1960-61 as the offices of Erich Mielke, who served as Minister for State Security from 1957 until the end of the DDR. The entire block is a series of grey labyrinthine buildings, all hunched catastrophically together. A city within a city, the Stasi offices came complete with a movie theatre, canteen, a supermarket – and were surrounded by apartment buildings housing the people the Stasi liked to keep a close and paranoid eye on. It is home to Mielke's recently opened office and looks exactly how you'd expect it to look: carved busts of Marx and Lenin lining the hallways and the foyer, brown marble columns, off-white almost yellow walls, tacky gold-coloured railings. Whereas the first and third floors host a series of exhibitions about survivors of the East German regime, methods of surveillance, propaganda and general history, the second floor was entirely Mielke's. The abundance of space the man must have enjoyed on this luxury floor is nauseating to some considering how much the citizens of East Germany suffered under his watchful eye. According to Funder (57) in Stasiland, "[i]n Hitler’s Third Reich it is estimated that there was one Gestapo agent for every 2000 citizens, and in Stalin’s USSR there was one KGB agent for every 5830 people. In the GDR, there was one Stasi officer or informant for every sixty-three people. If part-time informers are included, some estimates have the ratio as high as one informer for every 6.5 citizens”.
The facility is located in a large part of the building complex built between 1930 and 1932 for the Lichtenberg tax office. After the war, German communists began to establish a dictatorial system of rule in the Soviet occupation zone (SBZ) of Germany. In 1946, partly through Soviet pressure, the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) united in the Soviet Zone to form the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), whose leadership level formed the centre of power in the DDR until its collapse in 1989. The rulers created a system of violence and threats, rewards and preference. Individuals were educated to conform, submit and, where possible, to cooperate within the SED dictatorship. The SED had unrestricted access to almost all areas of life - exceptions were the churches, for example - in order to comprehensively control each individual and, if necessary, to reward or discipline them. The core of this ruling apparatus was the Ministry for State Security (MfS), which, as the so-called "shield and sword of the party" under the leadership of the SED, had to protect the "workers and peasants' power" and secure the monopoly of the SED dictatorship.
At the end of the 1970s, the Ministry of State Security had extensive extensions built, for which, among other things, Max Taut's residential buildings in Normannenstrasse were demolished and the New Apostolic Church relocated. Inside the site, a canteen was built (a monument since 2015) and further high service buildings facing Ruschestrasse. After the reunification and peaceful revolution in the DDR, there were numerous protests by angry DDR citizens in front of the Stasi headquarters. In the building, employees of the ministry were busy destroying extensive files. After the head office was stormed on January 15, 1990, many documents were saved. The ASTAK opened the “Normannenstrasse Research and Memorial Site” on November 7, 1990 with the exhibition “Against the Sleep of Reason”. House 1 has been open to the public as a museum since then. The exhibition includes the office and work rooms of the former Minister for State Security Erich Mielkeand other rooms. Since January 2015, the permanent exhibition “State Security in the SED Dictatorship”, which was developed by ASTAK and the Stasi Records Authority , has been on display. The listed building 1 with the offices of the minister and his closest employees was energetically renovated by Arnold and Gladisch Architects and opened to the public again in 2012. The service buildings 7 and 8, which are shown to interested people during guided tours, are used to store the archive materials and have been renovated since 2015- it's shown directly behind me and my 2021 cohort and as it appeared in The Lives of Others:
In the corridor to the office and working quarters of Mielke. The main hall is dominated by three portraits: a bronze of Lenin; a portrait of Felix Dzerzhinsky, the founder of the Cheka, the forerunner to the KGB; and a painting of what looks to be Richard Sorge, a much-lauded Soviet spy executed by the Japanese during the war. The rooms on this level were designed to meet the needs of Erich Mielke. Their function and interiors remained largely unchanged from the time the building was completed in 1961. This area remained largely intact, even when the building complex was taken over by demonstrators on January 15, 1990. The many objects on display throughout the rooms were, however, later removed and archived.This level is therefore preserved in its original form and visitors can see it today in the condition that it existed when it served as Erich Mielke’s offices. On January 15, 1990 demonstrators took over the Stasi headquarters; the GIF on the right shows the result and with me instead today, exactly as it was before it was.
A week later, the Central Round Table, a committee made up of representatives of the SED dictatorship and civil rights groups, decided that a “memorial and research centre on DDR Stalinism” should be established in House 1. When nothing came of this declaration of intent, members of the Berlin citizens’ committee and other civil rights activists took action and began securing the historic site. In August they founded the association “Antistalinistische Aktion e.V.” (ASTAK). On November 7, 1990, it opened the Research Centre and Memorial at Normannenstrasse with an exhibition titled “Against the Sleep of Reason”. House 1, later named the Stasi Museum, has been open to the public ever since. The offices of Erich Mielke are preserved in their original condition and form the centrepiece of the historic site. The museum today serves as a "centre for the collection, preservation, documentation, rehabilitation and exhibition of evidence and research materials relating to East Germany".
File card depicting exactly how Erich Mielke wanted his breakfast served
The patina of the GDR had even been preserved. With their typical wood paneling, these offices have a unique "charm" and can be clearly assigned to a particular time and particular style – a situation that is both exciting and oppressive.In order to ensure the greatest authenticity, the producers wanted to shoot on original locations as much as possible. Yet even though the film relates events that took place only fifteen years ago, much has changed since then. "Ultimately, there is not much difference, as far as costs are concerned, whether you're shooting Berlin in 1930 or Berlin in 1984," says producer Max Wiedemann. In order to recreate the backdrop of the GDR, a great deal of effort went into the sets and decors. Particularly arduous was the painting over of graffiti, which is nowadays found everywhere. No sooner had the "works of art" been painted over than they reappeared the following morning! The production was also the first and is, to this day, the only feature film that was allowed to shoot in the original file-card archives of the former Stasi headquarters in the Normannenstrasse with the express authorisation of Marianne Birthler, the "Head of the Federal Authority for Documents of the State Security Service of the Former GDR." Scenes bearing a unique eyewitness character arose amidst this gigantic mechanical filing system. The archive was restructured and digitalized after the shooting was completed. The data are preserved, but the location of the files and documents no longer exists in the form shown in the film.
Before the war the area now occupied by Marx-Engels-Forum was a densely populated Old Town quarter between the river and Alexanderplatz, named after Heiligegeiststraße which ran across it between Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße (now Karl-Liebknecht-Straße) and Rathausstraße. The area including the main post office was heavily bombed during Allied air attacks and most of its buildings reduced to ruins. After the war the ruins were cleared but nothing replaced them. While the adjacent Nikolaiviertel was to be rebuilt, the DDR authorities in 1977 set up plans for a green space between the Palast der Republik and the Fernsehturm. The sculptor Ludwig Engelhardt was appointed as director of the project to redevelop the site as a tribute to Marx and Engels, the founders of the communist movement to whose ideology the East German state was dedicated. It consists of a rectangular wooded park with a large, circular paved area in the centre with a sculpture by Engelhardt, consisting of larger-than-life bronze figures of Marx (sitting) and Engels (standing). Behind the statues is a relief wall showing scenes from the history of the German socialist movement. The inauguration took place in 1986. After German reunification in 1990, the future of the Marx-Engels Forum became the subject of public controversy. Some Berliners saw the Forum as an unwanted relic of a defunct regime which they opposed, and argued for the removal of the statues and renaming of the park. Others argued that the site had both artistic and historical significance, and should be preserved. The latter view eventually prevailed. The statues are now a tourist attraction, and a steady stream of people sit on Marx's knee to have their photos taken. With regard to the planned extension of the U5 line of the Berlin U-Bahn turning the park into a construction site for several years, the Berlin mayor Klaus Wowereit has recently launched a discussion whether to rebuild the mediæval quarter afterwards.
The DDR Museum is located in the former governmental district of East Germany, right on the river Spree, opposite the Berlin Cathedral. The museum is the 11th most visited museum in Berlin and its exhibition shows the daily life in East Germany in a direct "hands-on"way. For example, a covert listening device ("bug") gives visitors the sense of being "under surveillance". The museum was opened on July 15, 2006, as a private museum. The private funding is unusual in Germany, because German museums are normally funded by the state. The museum met some opposition from state-owned museums, who considered possibly "suspect" a private museum and concerned that the museum could be used as an argument to question public funding to museums in general. Nevertheless, in 2008 and 2012 the DDR Museum was nominated for the European Museum of the Year Award. According to the statistics of the Institute for Museum Research and the Berlin Senate Chancellery, it is one of the most visited museums and memorials in Berlin with 504,564 visitors. It has also been ranked 44th in the survey of the German National Tourist Board (GNTB) in 2015 by international guests and in 2016 ranked 36th among the top 100 destinations.
Student getting the treatment in the DDR Verhörzelle and inside a replica of a Stasi cell
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https://www.luxurytravelmagazine.com/news-articles/luxury-at-the-hotel-de-rome-fine-dining-museums-and-samurai-in-berlin
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Luxury at the Hotel de Rome, Fine Dining, Museums and Samurai in Berlin
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https://www.luxurytravelmagazine.com/news-articles/luxury-at-the-hotel-de-rome-fine-dining-museums-and-samurai-in-berlin
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Our visit to Berlin began in a rainstorm. Arriving from Amsterdam by train, Berlin Central Station (“Hauptbahnhof”) was packed with travelers. Wheeling our suitcases through the massive station, Michelle and I stopped to pick up Berlin Welcome Cards and Museum Passes. We walked out to the taxi stand and took refuge inside a cab.
Looking through rain-slicked windows, there wasn’t much to see as the cab cruised through one neighborhood after another.
Hotel de Rome
The taxi delivered us to the entrance of Hotel de Rome where our suitcases were quickly sent to our room. At reception, we were welcomed with glasses of Perrier-Jouët champagne as our reservation details were reviewed. The champagne was delightfully ice cold, the staff warm and friendly.
Hotel de Rome is a member of the Rocco Forte Hotels, a family-owned chain of hotels that emphasizes quality of service in unique settings. Located in the Mitte neighborhood, Hotel de Rome was originally the Dresdner Bank. The redesign of the interior took full advantage of the bank’s high ceilings to create a lobby with a welcome spaciousness.
Art and color made big statements in the hotel with dramatic close-up portraits of faces on lamp shades, a profusion of carnations and roses sprouting from bud vases on tables and giant bouquets of hydrangea and irises. On the walls around the hotel, photographs by Daniele Colarieti offered engaging close ups of architectural details of buildings in Rome from antiquity to the Baroque period.
In the lobby, soft white globes hung from the ceiling and Berlin artist Olivia Steele’s pink and white neon birdcage sculpture were featured in the lobby. Splashing color across muted marble walls, bright burgundy circular carpets and black banquets transformed a temple of commerce into an oasis of elegance.
Besides enjoying the interior design, we appreciated the hotel’s location, only a ten-minute walk to many of Berlin’s well-known attractions including Museum Island, the Humboldt Forum, the Brandenburg Gate, the Reichstag and the Holocaust Memorial.
We were delighted by our fourth-floor junior suite. An entry area led to the bathroom with a glass enclosed shower, a large bathtub, toilet and bidet. The creature comforts included a rainfall shower head as well as a handshower, heated floors and towel rack and Irene Forte skin care products created especially for the hotel. The sleeping area was outfitted with a firm, king-sized mattress and furniture with an eye to modern design features. A black and white sofa, two club chairs, an oval mirrored-top coffee table with a bright red bottom shelf and colorful art on the wall were comfortably traditional with a modern touch. After the long trip, we appreciated the welcoming snacks and beverages that were on the coffee table.
For fresh air, we opened the glass doors to the small balcony with a view of the skyline looking south toward Gendarmenmarkt. Sheers covered the glass door during the day and at night, we closed the heavy curtains for sleeping.
In the morning, we had breakfast in the hotel’s main restaurant, CHIARO. We sat outside on the terrace and shared the meal with several small birds that had taken up residence in the live trees planted on one side of the terrace.
The well-provisioned buffet was a marvel of variety and quality. Sliced charcuterie, a selection of cheeses, breads, rolls, jams, pastries and cereals, fruit, freshly squeezed fruit juices, yogurt, honey still-in-the-comb, smoked salmon and iced-chilled Casa Gheller Prosecco were available every morning. From the menu, we could have also ordered eggs any way we wanted, so one day we ordered hard-scrambled eggs, the next morning, soft poached eggs with crisp bacon and sourdough toast.
For dinner at CHIARO, chef Tim Mälzer delivered his signature approach to two well-established cuisines, Italian and Japanese. Borrowing techniques and ingredients from both, he created a unique dining experience, described on the website as “lively, uninhibited.”
After an amuse bouche of focaccia in a brioche-shape with a maple syrup glaze, Chloe, our server, helpfully explained that sharing was the preferred approach to ordering, usually two to three dishes per person. The menu was divided into sections: Bejitarian/vegetarian, Shifūdo/fish, Niku/meat, Okazu/sides and Dezāto/dessert.
For starters we ordered the Rispettare L’insalata Caesar prepared at the table and rock oysters with a delicious buttermilk cream. We enjoyed Mälzer’s colorful, exuberant approach in the Chitarra Verde, Italian spaghetti alla chitarra, with a creamy broccoli sauce and melt-in-your-mouth crisp Japanese broccoli tempura. The gyoza di scampi also combined Italian and Japanese techniques. We enjoyed how the Parmesan lattice crust rested gently on top of a plate of crispy Japanese dumplings in a vinaigrette made with shrimp shells, pea and Nduja oil. In Merluzzo, thin slices of translucent cod were folded and shaped like a pocket and flavored with gremolata and Amalfi lemon.
For dessert, we wanted a sweet taste, something simple. We ordered the Gelato al Pistachio topped with roasted pistachios and a Dutch-style stoopwafel. More than satisfied, we were prepared to stop, but Chloe encouraged us to have one more dessert, one that showed that while chef Mälzer is a serious cook, he has a sense of humor. With that, she rolled out a cart with what looked like a sausage grinder. After a few turns of the handle, the plate filled with what appeared to be spaghetti. She added toppings that looked like tomato sauce and grated Parmesan cheese. One taste and we knew that the eye deceived as we thoroughly enjoyed an ice cream sundae of white chocolate ice cream topped with deliciously sweet strawberry sauce.
Looking for history
To begin our tour of Berlin’s historical sites, we didn’t have far to travel. When we first arrived, we enjoyed the wide-open plaza called Bebelplatz between the elegant boulevard, Unter den Linden, and the Hotel de Rome. On one side of the plaza, music, learning and art were celebrated at Humboldt University and, on the opposite side, at the Berlin State Opera House.
When we walked through the plaza, we noticed groups of people standing silently, staring at the ground. Curious, we joined them but our eyes didn’t see what was there at first. And then, as we looked through the thick glass window, in the darkness we saw shelves. Empty shelves, painted white. The bronze plaque next to the window explained in German that the empty shelves memorialized a terrible event. On May 10, 1933, a Nazi rally was held on this spot. A mountain of books was set ablaze. That horror preceded many horrors to come. Commemorated by the Israeli artist Micha Ullman, his sculpture of a spectral library was a startling reminder that this peaceful plaza was once the site of a book burning. That violent act became a symbol of censorship and intolerance.
From that moment we realized that if we were interested in history, we were in the right place. Berlin has been a center of important events for centuries.
Working with visitBerlin to plan the trip, Kirsten Schmidt told me a good way to have an overview of the city’s layout and history was to visit the Dome at the Reichstag.
Separated into East and West during the Cold War, after reunification, Berlin was once again the capital of Germany. Protecting its historic architectural details, the Reichstag was renovated and updated to house the Federal parliament (“Bundestag”). As part of that effort, a 360° dome was built out of glass, mirrors and metal so that visitors could look out over the city and down through a skylight into the Reichstag where members gather to debate legislation. Designed by architect Sir Norman Foster, the Dome was meant to symbolize a new era of transparency.
Admission to the Dome was free but tickets had to be obtained online. Ticketing was a two-step process. First, I registered and requested a date and time. A confirming email said my request had been received. That was not my ticket. A second email advised me that I had been given a ticket. I printed out the email with the date and time and brought that with us along with our photo IDs to show at security.
At the top of the building, we picked up complimentary audio guides, walked out onto the terrace and entered the Dome.
Like the Guggenheim Museum in New York, the Dome had a spiral walkway leading from the bottom to the top. With our headsets on, as we walked, the audio guide gave facts about the city, the Bundestag (the Parliament) and the Reichstag (the building). Because the headset sensed where we were, we were directed to look in one direction, then another to see important landmarks. After each “explainer,” the audio voice politely encouraged us to “let’s start walking again.” As we walked higher, we saw more of the city.
Reunification was the theme of the audio tour. After the Wall came down, the people of East and West Berlin needed to be united. The buildings and layout of the city also needed reunification. We learned about Berlin’s history, the importance of the Brandenburg Gate, the building of the U.S. Embassy and the nearby Tiergarten Park, one and a half times larger than New York’s Central Park. Originally a private hunting preserve, the public park was completely destroyed during WWII. Reforested in 1949, over the past seventy years, the park has grown lush with mature trees.
When we reached the top, we had a view to the horizon, East and West united, with Germany’s flags, flapping in the wind, their black, red and yellow bands, symbolizing “freedom and unity.”
Leaving the Reichstag, the day was sunny and warm as we walked across the eastern edge of the Tiergarten to the Brandenburg Gate. During the Cold War, the Gate was walled off, accessible to neither West nor East Berliners. Built in the late 18th Century by Frederick William II of Prussia as a symbol of peace, when the wall came down, people flocked to the Gate in a celebration of reunification and freedom, embracing the monument as their own. Today, the memorial endures as a symbol of positivity and possibility. We joined the crowds passing under the Gate, looking up to appreciate its beauty and taking selfies with the Gate as a backdrop.
In Pariser Platz just beyond the entrance of the Gate, we passed the U.S. Embassy and a Starbucks on our way to one of Berlin’s favorite attractions, Curry Wolf. When I was researching Berlin’s must-visit destinations, visitBerlin’s Joyce Bernitt recommended that if we wanted to have currywurst, that very Berlin-snack, we had to stop at Curry Wolf. “You can make it more special in adding a glass of Champagne. And if you like it hot, try the Opium sauce.”
Located just in front of the Hotel Adlon Kempinski, Curry Wolf was an outdoor kiosk with a small covered eating area. We saw that the servers could be impatient with customers who gave their orders too slowly, so we studied the menu on the side of the kiosk and decided what we wanted before we reached the counter. The choices were straight-forward, a freshly grilled sausage was cut up, topped with a tomato-curry sauce and served with a choice of a roll, a drink, French fries or a small bottle of Moët Chandon champagne.
Our order came out quickly. The fat and juicy wurst had great flavor, enhanced by the tomato-curry sauce. It was too early in the day for a glass of champagne and the Opium sauce looked too spicy, so we happily ate ours with a roll, a perfect complement to the spicy-fatty wurst.
A five-minute walk south from the Brandenburg Gate, there was a very different memorial.
The Holocaust Memorial also known as the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe had two areas. One, above ground, the Field of Stelae, was the size of three-and-half football fields. The second, the Information Centre, was located below ground.
The Field of Stelae was deceptive. Seen from the street, the stelae, grey concrete slabs, were arranged close to one another and appeared to be only slightly taller than gravestones.
To engage with the memorial designed by architects Peter Eisenman and Buro Happold was to walk between the stelae, of which there were more than 2,700. The foot paths were wide enough for two people to walk side-by-side. The foot paths between the stelae created a grid. Not a maze because we always knew where we were, but as disquieting as a maze because the foot paths from the street sloped down and undulated.
Unnervingly, as we walked, the slabs became taller than we were. First 6’, then 9’, then 12’ and even taller. Soon, we could see nothing around us except the grey concrete stelae towering over us. If we looked straight up, we could see a sliver of blue sky, much as we would see if we were standing in the bottom of a freshly dug grave. What’s more, the stelae weren’t all standing straight. Some leaned away from us. Some leaned over us. All of which created an uncomfortable feeling of being too small, of being threatened in a place where we were powerless and at risk.
The portion of the memorial that was underground, the Information Centre, documented the human tragedy that was visited upon the Jews of Europe. That informational memorial was devastating in ways different from the Field of Stelae. If the notion of eight million murdered was abstract and the stelae created only a metaphorical threat, the underground memorial featured artifacts of those murdered by Nazis. Their faces, names and stories. The lives that were lost. The cruelty that was visited upon so many by so few. Everyone who took the 60 to 90-minute tour came out deeply moved.
The Jewish Museum Berlin, in the Kreuzberg district, looked at the history of the Jewish people in Germany. The enormous collection documented the rich history, religion, art, music and culture of the German-Jewish people from the 4th century to the present.
As part of the permanent collection, the Israeli artists, Gilad Ratman (“Drummerrsss”) and Yael Reuveny with Clemens Walter (“Mesubin: The Gathered”) presented video material to characterize the Jewish experience in Germany. Both exhibits were very emotional in different ways. At the entrance to the collection, in “Drummerrsss,” two drummers play. One drummer played with noisy exuberance as he floats in the air while a second drummer was confined in a dark hole. In “Mesubin,” Jews spoke about their identity, answering questions that echoed the four questions that are asked on Passover.
One of the ways the museum communicated the daily lives of German Jews was by “Telling stories with objects.” Displays included photographs, furniture, religious objects and other ephemera to tell a story of middle-class life before the catastrophic disruption of National Socialism. The unsettling experience of visiting the collection was shaped as much by architect Daniel Libeskind as by the curators. Walking through the building was disorienting because of narrow, slanted walkways and steep staircases.
The underlying idea of both the Memorial and the Museum was that we must never forget what happened during the terrible time of the Holocaust. That meant knowing the names and stories of those who suffered so greatly. And, if knowing all that made us uncomfortable, then perhaps that would make us remember what had happened, to whom and why. And, remembering will make us understand the political forces, fueled by intolerance and hatred, that can turn a society against its own so that we can defend against those forces.
Restaurants, the Department Store of Your Dreams and Wild Animals in Europe’s Largest Zoo
Close to Hotel de Rome, we walked ten minutes to Bless. A casual restaurant with sidewalk seating and an elegant interior, the menu at Bless emphasized authentic Vietnamese flavors and fresh ingredients. The restaurant was located behind Gendarmenmarkt and the very large German and French Cathedrals and Karl Friedrich Schinkel’s Concert House.
We ate outside in an area with a dozen tables. We shared the Ha Cao Bay, a soup with shrimp and chicken dumplings, string beans, bok choi, cilantro, broccoli florets, zucchini and carrots. With an exuberance that characterized Bless, the next dish was the refreshingly Happy Salmon Rolls with sashimi quality salmon, rice noodles, mango, lettuce and a sesame sauce. The main course was the Tonkin Prawns, a lovely plate of grilled tiger prawns served with baby carrots, bok choi and sepia noodles in a carrot and shellfish oil sauce.
On another night, after a full day exploring the city, we ate at a traditional Turkish restaurant, Alay By Hasir, not far from Museum Island. The restaurant was tucked away in a charming courtyard with dining outside on a covered patio and inside in an elegant dining room lit by elaborate crystal chandlers. The large menu had something for everyone. My wife ordered a vegan entre (“Izgara Karnabahar”) with cauliflower sweetened by grilling and platted on top of savory hummus, avocado, parsley, olive oil and pine nuts. I had the charred, deboned chicken thigh and bone-in leg (“Kemikli Tavuk Pirzola”) marinated in olive oil, garlic and Turkish spices on steamed rice, with a grilled tomato and green peppers and a mixed salad of red and white raw onions.
We had heard that Berlin was famous for its many flea markets. With time to see just one, we chose the Sunday Boxhagener Platz flea market in what was once East Berlin. Sellers offered second-hand treasures on the crowded sidewalks outside the park. If we were outfitting a home in Berlin on a budget, this is where we would visit. Just about anything we could need was for sale: phonograph records, jewelry, household goods, clothing, shoes, art, toys, musical instruments, books, watches and furniture.
In the neighborhood close to Boxhagener Platz, there were dozens of restaurants. We stopped at Hangmee Exotiq Finest Asian Food. Serving a mixed menu of Thai-Laotian dishes, Hangmee’s casual indoor-outdoor setting was the perfect place to have a meal and relax after exploring the Friedrichshain neighborhood’s graffiti decorated buildings and shops featuring East Village style clothing.
Close to the Kurfürstendamm, an upscale shopping area, the elegant department store known as KaDeWe (Kaufhaus des Westens) sold high fashion products in a design-forward setting. We rode up the visually spectacular escalator for a view of every floor. The top floor food court rivaled London’s Harrods with sumptuous displays of sweet and savory edibles that included caviar, champagne and chocolates as well sausages and cheeses. Eat in or take out, the choice was ours. But we didn’t eat there because we were having lunch around the corner.
On a quiet street, Brasserie Colette by Tim Raue offered a welcome respite from busy Berlin. Elegantly plated meals were served in a cozy dining room with a full bar and, in warm weather, outside on the sidewalk in an area with comfortable chairs. Taking a modern approach to classic French bistro dishes, chef Tim Raue, a two-star Michelin chef, brought strong flavors and aromas to dishes like prawn Marocain and bouillabaisse. Ralf Ostendorf of visitBerlin recommended the restaurant because he felt that Raue exemplified Berlin’s openness to self-made chefs who want to make a statement and “Berlin is different from the other parts of Germany. If a person ran naked in the street, Berliners would say, ‘Ok, if that is what he or she wants, ok’.” That forgiving attitude is unique to Berlin. The meal was a highlight of the trip.
We were happy we were wearing comfortable shoes when we visited Tierpark Berlin. With almost 400 acres, the zoo is the largest in Europe. We enjoyed seeing the animals, but just as enjoyable was the beautiful park setting with massively tall, mature trees and picnic areas with covered benches and comfortable seating. We came in the late afternoon and trying to find some of the animals was a little like playing “Where’s Waldo?”. Many animals like the bush dogs and polar bears were sleeping. Happily, others like the giant rabbits, camels, goats and sheep were wide awake and lively.
With a mix of domesticated and wild animals, the zoo was large enough that many of the larger animals had an expansive area in which to roam. At the petting zoo, definitely a highlight for younger children, we watched mothers encouraging their toddlers to pet the sheep and goats.
Throughout the park there was so much to see. Next to the walkways, there were delightful sculptures of animals. In the indoor rainforest exhibit, interactive lessons taught us about the ways humans impact natural habitats like rainforests. We spent several hours at the zoo and just before leaving we shared cones of delicious hazelnut and chocolate-mint gelato at the tiny Gimme Gelato trailer in front of the Kakadu Café.
Museums
Located on an island in the River Spree and designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Museum Island (“Museumsinsel Berlin”) is a cultural center for Berlin. Popular with residents and visitors, the museums on the island have important collections housed in distinctive buildings, remarkable for their architectural styles. With a good supply of cafes and bars nearby, we could have easily spent several days visiting all the museums: Altes Museum (“Old Museum”), Alte Nationalgalerie (“Old National Galerie”), Bode-Museum (“Bode Museum”), James-Simon-Galerie (“James Simon Gallery”), Neues Museum (“New Museum”) and Pergamonmuseum (“Pergamon Museum”).
We discovered that some of the pleasures of Museum Island were outside on the street. We were entertained by opera singers in front of the James Simon Gallery and by the Mind Blowing Orchestra, a 9-piece electro-swing band, performing on the pedestrian Monbijou Bridge in front of the Bode Museum.
Berlin’s Neue Nationalgalerie (“New National Gallery”) was a thirty-minute walk from Museum Island. Originally designed by the modernist, German-American architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and refurbished by David Chipperfield Architects, the building was visually striking. The flat roof seemed to levitate above an open pavilion space. Supported by giant glass plates and steel girders, the street-level floor was an exhibition space, but the museum’s main art gallery and the sculpture garden were down a flight of stairs.
That main exhibition space was divided into galleries with paintings and sculptures that were arranged chronologically and thematically. Illuminating the ways artists incorporated or rebelled against the thinking of their times, the galleries traced the rise and fall of important currents in German thought. Colonialism, National Socialism and Communism, once celebrated were later regarded less positively. After exploring the amazing gallery spaces, we went outside to the sculpture garden to enjoy a sunny, cool day surrounded by fascinating sculptures.
Berlin has 170 museums. One of the newest is the Samurai Museum Berlin. The heart of the museum’s exhibits came from the personal collection of Peter Janssen. From the four thousand objects he has collected, he placed a thousand of his “most cherished possessions” in the museum. What was on display included highly crafted clothing, armor, masks, headpieces and weapons to be used in battle.
In addition to historical objects, the museum used traditional methods to build a tea house and a Noh theater with a video projection of a performance that played during the day. In dramatic diorama, life-sized human figures wore authentic clothing and carried weapons that brought us up-close to samurai life. Using interactive controls on video displays allowed us to learn about the details of each display. Who owned the helmets, weapons and masks and how these objects reflected the social status of the samurai.
The second-floor gallery space offered more exhibits and the remarkable photographs of the Polish artist Sylwia Makris. She created images of samurai in battle and in portraits where the person faced the camera. Each photograph created searing images of Samurai intensity and clarity. Her work was startling and emotional.
Our last afternoon in Berlin
We ended our visit in Berlin where we began, at the Hotel de Rome. We had enjoyed drinks with friends at the Rooftop Terrace so we knew the pleasures of its view of the Bebelplatz and we appreciated its slogan “Life is much easier sitting on a rooftop.” We watched as the sun cast a magic-hour, golden glow over the buildings of the Bebelplatz. We enjoyed a delicious Caesar salad and looked at the photographs we had taken on the trip. We had seen so much, but I was reminded of what Joyce Bernitt of visitBerlin had said when I was planning the trip, “No matter how long you stay in Berlin, it is always too short, as this city simply has a lot to offer.” We couldn’t agree more.
When you go
An excellent resource, the visitBerlin website has up-to-date information about shopping, restaurants, activities, cultural destinations and seasonal events. The website is in English, German, French, Italian and Spanish. The “Which Berlin do you want to see?” section offers useful ways to explore the city, depending on your interests. Subscribe to the “Newsletter for Berlin” to receive a complimentary newsletter with insider information about what’s going on in the city. The website has a link to the very useful Berlin Welcome Card. With more than 170 museums in Berlin, including those on Museum Island, visiting Berlin’s museums is facilitated by buying the Berlin Museum Pass. We picked up our Welcome Card and Museum Pass when we arrived at Berlin’s Central Station (“Hauptbahnhof”).
Tips: GPS-based apps like Google Maps make getting around Berlin very easy. Public transportation in Berlin is very efficient, especially when you can use the modern and clean subway system.
Be sure to carry 1-euro coins so you have an easy entry into public bathrooms like the ones in the main train station that are bright, clean and well-staffed.
It helps to know that most stores are closed on Sunday. Restaurants and bars are open. Most museums are closed on Mondays. Hiking and biking trails can be very busy on the weekends. If possible, plan those activities during the week.
Hotel de Rome, Behrenstraße 37, 10117 Berlin, +49 (30) 460 60 9-0, from the U.S. and Canada 1888-667-9477, info.derome@roccofortehotels.com. With 109 rooms and 36 suites, a spa, work out room and indoor pool (currently under renovation), the hotel offers complimentary Irene Forte Skincare products, shoe shining and WIFI. A family business, Rocco Forte Hotels is run by Sir Rocco Forte and his sister Olga Polizzi along with all three of Sir Forte’s children, Lydia, Irene and Charles. Irene Forte is the Wellness Director. The hotel is non-smoking except in the Cigar Lounge. When booking a room, enquire about adding the high quality and bountiful breakfast service. Afternoon tea is also available, served in the Opera Court, between the Lobby and ballroom. CHIARO Restaurant, just off the main lobby, has an indoor dining room, outdoor terrace and bar-lounge. With a view of Bebelplatz, the Rooftop Terrace has a view of the nearby historic buildings where you can enjoy drinks and food in a relaxed setting.
Museum Island:
Museumsinsel Berlin (“Museum Island Berlin”). The island and museums can be crowded so purchase tickets online beforehand.
Altes Museum (“Old Museum”), Museum Island, Bodestraße 1-3, 10178 Berlin, +49 30 266424242. Focused on classical art, the Altes Museum was the first museum built on the island in the early 19th century with the intention of sharing access to great works of art with the general public.
The Alte Nationalgalerie (“Old National Galerie”), Museum Island, Bodestraße 1-3, 10178 Berlin, +49 30 266424242. The museum is well-known for its collection of 19th century art.
Bode-Museum (“Bode Museum”), Museum Island, Am Kupfergraben, 10117 Berlin, +49 30 266424242. Byzantine Art, sculptures from the 19th and 20th centuries, priceless coins and paintings by Italian masters are but some reasons to visit the Bode Museum.
James-Simon-Galerie (“James Simon Gallery”), Museum Island, Bodestraße, 10178 Berlin, +49 30 266424242. Open since 2019, the James Simon Gallery was created as an exhibition space and a visitor center.
Neues Museum (“New Museum”), Museum Island, Bodestraße 1-3, 10178 Berlin, +49 30 266424242. Although called “New,” that does not refer to what is in the collection. The museum focuses on works by ancient Egyptian artists and on works from earlier periods. There are many reasons to visit the museum, most notably to see a well-known bust of the Egyptian Queen known as Nefertiti.
Pergamonmuseum (“Pergamon Museum”), Museum Island, Bodestraße 1-3, 10178 Berlin, +49 30 266424242. Not-to-be-missed, the collection features architecture from the ancient world. Some are massive structures like the Market Gate of Miletus, which was reconstructed using a mix of original and new materials.
Where to go. What to see.
Alay By Hasir, Oranienburger Straße 4, 10178 Berlin, +49 30 28041616, info@alaybyhasir.de. Website in German only.
Bless, Hausvogteiplatz 10, 10117 Berlin, +49 (0) 30 206 197 95, hello@bless-restaurants.com.
Boxhagener Platz Sunday Flea Market, Boxhagener Platz 1, 10245 Berlin. For a list of Berlin’s many flea markets, each with their own qualities, please go to visitBerlin.
Brandenburg Gate, Pariser Platz, 10117 Berlin.
Brasserie Colette by Tim Raue, Passauerstraße 5-7, 10789 Berlin, +49 30 21992174, info@barasseriecolette.de.
Chiaro, Hotel de Rome, Behrenstraße 37, 10117, Berlin. +49 30 460 609 1212, chiaro.berlin@roccofortehotel.
Curry Wolf (“Currywurst am Brandenburger Tor”), Unter den Linden 77, 10117 Berlin.
The Dome at the Reichstag Building, Platz der Republik 1, 11011 Berlin, +49 30 22732152. Reservations for the rooftop restaurant can be made by email or phone: +49 (0)30 226-29933 and kaeferreservierung.berlin@feinkost-kaefer.de. Complimentary audio guides are available in eleven languages. The tour takes between 60-90 minutes.
Gimme Gilato, various locations. Website in German only. The website lists the Google Maps locations of the ice cream vans. Seasonally closed for the winter months.
Hangmee Exotiq Finest Asian Food, Boxhagenerstrraße, 108, 10245 Berlin, +030 82717447. Website in German only.
Hauptbahnhof (“Berlin Central Train Station”), Europaplatz 1, 10557 Berlin. Large and multi-storied, the station has many places to eat and shop. Remember to carry 1-Euro coins so you can pay to use the well-appointed bathrooms.
Holocaust Memorial (The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe), Cora-Berliner-Straße 1, 10117 Berlin, +49 30 2639430. Because construction has been undertaken at the Memorial and in the area, please check the website for any changes in access.
Humboldt Forum, Schloßpl. 1, 10178 Berlin, +49 30 992118989. Incorporating the Ethnological Museum and the Museum of Asian Art, Humboldt Forum is a large complex across from Museum Island. Before arriving in-person, go online to explore the museum’s richly diverse exhibitions of historical and contemporary art.
The Jewish Museum Berlin (“Jüdisches Museum Berlin”), Lindenstraße 9-14, 10969 Berlin, +49 30 25993300. The website is in German, English, Spanish, Italian and French.
KaDeWe, Tauentzienstraße 21-24, 10789 Berlin, +49 30 21210. There is an English-language website, but the German-only website is more visually interesting with images that illustrate the range and quality of products for sale.
Neue Nationalgalerie (“New National Gallery”), Potsdamer Straße 50, 10785 Berlin, +49 30 266424242. David Chipperfield Architects completed the refurbishment of the museum in 2021. That work is invisible when you visit, but the details are worth knowing about. Please see Lizzie Crook’s article in Dezeen Magazine.
Samurai Museum Berlin, Augustraße 68, 10117 Berlin, +49 30 62975635, info@samuraimuseum.de.
Tiergarten Park. The almost 520-acre park in the center of Berlin has recreational and cultural opportunities, including the Berlin Zoo and Zoological Garden, cafes and monuments. Close to the Reichstag, Brandenburg Gate and Holocaust Memorial, the park is a green oasis in densely populated Berlin.
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Top Things to Do in Berlin-Mitte (From a Local!)
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2024-02-25T01:00:00+00:00
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This detailed guide shares what to do and see in Berlin-Mitte, including the best museums, historic sites, restaurants, and so much more!Â
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en
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Tall Girl Big World
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https://tallgirlbigworld.com/things-to-do-berlin-mitte/
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Mitte is the central neighborhood in Berlin and is where youâll find most of the cityâs top attractions. Hereâs a complete guide on what to do and see in Berlin-Mitte, including the best museums, historic sites, restaurants, and so much more!Â
This post contains affiliate links. We may receive a commission if you make a purchase after clicking on one of these links. You can read our full affiliate disclosure here.
Literally the âMiddleâ of Berlin, Mitte is one of the busiest neighborhoods in the city. Mitte is where Berlin first sprang up along the banks of the Spree River in the 13th century. Today itâs the beating heart of the city and is where youâll find the top attractions in Berlin, including the Brandenburg Gate, Alexanderplatz, Checkpoint Charlie, and more.
Even after living in Berlin for five years, Mitte is a neighborhood I find myself in at least once per week. Although certain areas of Berlin-Mitte feel more touristy than others (Alexanderplatz and Brandenburg Gate, for example), thereâs really nowhere in Mitte thatâs a âno goâ zone for me. Itâs a vibrant neighborhood loaded with history, beautiful architecture, and good food.
In this post, Iâm sharing the top things to do in Berlin-Mitte. Know that this is a LONG guide because Mitte is very densely populated with attractions. I suggest using the provided Table of Contents to bop around the post at your leisure. Drop me a comment at the end of this post if you have additional questions on visiting Mitte!
Table of Contents
Click âshowâ to see the full table of contents for this post. You can jump around the post as desired by clicking on the individual sections listed below.Â
Map of the Sights & Restaurants in This Guide
Museums in Berlin Mitte
Below are the top museums in Mitte. If youâre traveling on a budget, read my guide on the best free museums in the city for information on which museums are always free and which have free admission hours.
Museum Island
Museum Island is arguably the crowning jewel of Berlin-Mitte. Itâs a UNESCO World Heritage site with five world-famous museums:
Altes Museum â The first public museum ever opened in Berlin! This beautiful building showcases the cityâs classical antiquities collection.
Neues Museum â Home to the beloved Nefertiti sculpture (yes, itâs as incredible as they say!). The museum displays a mixture of Egyptian artifacts and papyrus, prehistoric and ancient artifacts, and other objects from antiquity.
Alte Nationalgalerie â My favorite art museum in Berlin. The permanent collection boasts art and sculptures from the 19th and 20th centuries, with special emphasis on the Romantic and Impressionist movements.
Bode Museum â Arguably the most beautiful museum on Museum Island. Youâll find art and sculptures dating from the Middle Ages to the 18th century here. Thereâs also a whopping coin collection on display.
Pergamon Museum â Home of the Museum of the Ancient Near East and the Museum of Islamic Art. Much of the museum will remain under construction in 2024 so some of the most popular exhibits will be closed (including the Ishtar Gate and the Market Gate of Miletus.)
Tip: You can either purchase a combined ticket to get access to all five museums for a day, or you can purchase an individual ticket to just one of the museums. You can probably see two full museums in a single day, at most.Â
Humboldt Forum
Part museum, part cultural center, the Humboldt Forum is a free museum in Berlin-Mitte and one of the newest in the city. The exhibition spaces are dedicated to the histories of Africa, Oceania, Asia, and the Americas, but are explained through the lens of colonialism and its lasting impact on each region.
There are also lectures, live demonstrations, and guided tours that happen regularly at the Humboldt Forum (although not all are free). During Advent, youâll find a lovely Christmas market set up in the inner courtyard of the Humboldt Forum as well!
Tip: Head to the roof terrace of the Humboldt Forum for a great view of the Berlin Cathedral, TV Tower, and Berlin-Mitte. It costs â¬5 but is one of the more affordable viewpoints in the city.
German History Museum
Housed in the former Royal Prussian armory, the German History Museum (Deutsche Historische Museum) is yet another fantastic free museum in Mitte. As you can imagine, thereâs a lot of text to read and objects to examine â itâs no wonder considering Germanyâs history can be traced beyond the Middle Ages!
Give yourself at least 4 hours to go through the German History Museum at a leisurely pace.
Museum of Natural History
The Museum of Natural History is a fantastic pick for adults and children alike. Itâs a working research museum with some 30 million items in its collection covering everything from zoology to paleontology to geology.
Naturally, a mere fraction of the full collection can be seen inside the museum. My personal favorite is the Wet Collection, which displays 276,000 jars containing one million specimens!Â
Get your tickets for the Museum of Natural History here.
Topography of Terror
The Topography of Terror (Topographie des Terrors) is a free museum thatâs located on the former site of the Nazi Secret State Police (SS) headquarters. Its location was intentional, as the permanent exhibit explains in detail what atrocities were committed by the SS and police force in Hitlerâs Third Reich.
Futurium
The Futurium is the perfect museum for museum-haters. The space is labeled as âA House of Futures.â Itâs an interactive exhibit where visitors are confronted with the question âhow do you want to live?â
Youâre given a wristband upon entry, which assigns you an avatar. Think of your avatar as âFuture You.â As you go through the exhibit, youâll learn about issues facing humans today (be it fossil fuel usage, medical breakthroughs, etc.) and youâll have to cast your âvoteâ at each station for how you want the future to progress.
At the end, youâll scan your wristband again and will be treated to a glimpse of the future youâve selected to build. Think of it as a big thought experiment!
Top Attractions in Berlin Mitte
There are SO many things to do in Berlin-Mitte. Iâve done my best to arrange this section in the order youâd come across the attractions if you were walking straight from Alexanderplatz to the Brandenburg Gate and beyond.
Know in advance that the two main streets youâll be spending the bulk of your time exploring are Unter den Linden (which has Museum Island, the Brandenburg Gate, and more) and FriedrichstraÃe (Checkpoint Charlie, Palace of Tears, and so on.).
Remember that Iâve provided an interactive map at the very top of this guide, should you want to see where each attraction in Berlin-Mitte is located!
Alexanderplatz
Alexanderplatz is the beating heart of Berlin. When the Berlin Wall stood, Alexanderplatz served as the center of East Berlin, and some of the harsh architecture common in Soviet-controlled states can still be seen around the square today.
There are quite a few attractions worth seeing here, which Iâve outlined in this very detailed guide to Alexanderplatz. The key places to note are St. Maryâs Church (thereâs a 14th century mural inside), the World Clock (which was erected by the East German government and originally listed the incorrect time zones), and who can overlook the iconic TV tower?
Alexanderplatz: TV Tower
The TV tower (Fernsehturm) is right up there with the Brandenburg Gate as being the most iconic landmark in Berlin. The TV tower was constructed by the Soviets for a few key reasons:
To broadcast Soviet-approved TV programs to East Berliners.
To show the world how technologically advanced the German Democratic Republic was.
To showcase socialism on a larger scale. (The ball at the top is meant to represent the Soviet space shuttle Sputnik, and it used to light up red at night to represent socialism.)
Admire the TV tower from the ground, or book skip-the-line tickets in advance to ascend to the top for a rotating view of Berlin from up above.Â
Hackescher Markt
One S-Bahn stop away from Alexanderplatz is Hackescher Markt. Itâs a quirky, fun area to hang out, get a coffee, and window shop.
I suggest visiting Hackescher Markt on a Thursday or Saturday when the market is set up. There are some nice handmade goods for sale, as well as some cheap street food options for lunch.
Just around the corner from Hackescher Markt are the Hackesche Höfe (shown above), a series of interconnected courtyards with lots of boutiques and shops inside.
Nikolaiviertel
The Nikolaiviertel is the âOld Townâ of Berlin-Mitte, and is in fact the oldest residential area of the entire city. Like much of Berlin, the Nikolaiviertel was destroyed in WWII and wasnât rebuilt until 1987.
Be sure to enter the Nikolai Church while youâre in the area. Thereâs an exhibit on the history of the Nikolaiviertel thatâs quite interesting.
Unter den Linden
Unter den Linden is the cityâs best-known boulevard and is home to some of Berlinâs top attractions.
Iâve already mentioned one of the most popular places along Unter den Linden in this guide: Museum Island. Itâs a must-visit place in Berlin-Mitte and I highly recommend it!
Unter den Linden ends with the iconic Brandenburg Gate, one of the symbols of the city. The walk from Museum Island to the Brandenburg Gate is about 1.5km, and youâll see the following sights en route.
Unter den Linden: Berlin Cathedral
The Berlin Cathedral (Berliner Dom) is a gorgeous Baroque-style cathedral on Museum Island. It costs â¬10 to enter, and your ticket includes access to the nave and an exhibit on the first floor detailing the architectural plans of the church.
You also get access to the grand dome on the top of the building. Your calves will be burning by the time you reach the top, but the spectacular view of the city is worth it!
If you need a rest after climbing up to the top of the cathedral, find a grassy spot in the Lustgarten (Pleasure Garden) in front of the church. Itâs a popular hangout spot for visitors and locals alike!
Unter den Linden: Bebelplatz
Bebelplatz is one of the most beautiful squares in Berlin-Mitte. Itâs surrounded by architectural gems like the State Opera House (Staatsoper), Hotel de Rome, St. Hedwigâs Cathedral, and the Old Palace (now part of Humboldt University).
Set into the ground in the center of the square is a memorial to the Nazi book burning that took place on this site in May 1933. A huge pile of âun-Germanâ books were burned, and itâs said that the German author Eric Kästner watched from the crowd as his own novels turned to ash. If you donât know the memorial is there, you might miss it. Look down through the window in the ground into a white room full of empty bookshelves â itâs haunting.
Tip: The Hotel de Rome is a luxury hotel located in the former headquarters of the Dresdner Bank. Head to the rooftop bar for a stunning view of Bebelplatz, the TV tower, and Unter den Linden (itâs especially perfect on balmy summer evenings!).
Unter den Linden: Staatsoper
Opera lovers, take note! The State Opera House (Staatsoper) is an elegant building that produces some of the finest operas in Europe. The history of the Staatsoper dates back to the 1740s, when it was initially built for Frederick II as the âKönigliche Hofoperâ (Kingâs Court Opera).
The building you see today is not original to the site (in fact, the Staatsoper was destroyed not once, but twice, in WWII!). However, the opera house retains its Old World opulence and is a spectacular venue to see German classics like The Magic Flute as well as more modern works.
Tip: If you live in Berlin and are under 30 years of age, I suggest signing up for the ClassicCard app to score 15 Euro tickets on opera tickets!
Unter den Linden: Neue Wache
This impressive building was formerly the site of the palace guard house (Neue Wache means New Guardhouse). Today itâs a memorial to the victims of war and tyranny.
Feel free to walk around the interior of the Neue Wache. Itâs a quiet space that encourages reflection.
Unter den Linden: Brandenburg Gate
After Alexanderplatz, the top thing to do in Mitte is see the Brandenburg Gate. Iâve lived in the city since 2019 and I still have to pinch myself anytime I walk past the gate!
The Brandenburg Gate is iconic. It was here that former US President Ronald Regan proclaimed, âMr. Gorbachov, tear down this wall!â in 1987.
During the Cold War, East Berlin lay on one side of the gate and West Berlin the other. Today itâs a symbol of unity for Germany and can be found on the 10, 20, and 50 cent Euro coins printed in Germany.
Reichstag
The Reichstag is the seat of the German Bundestag (the national parliament). When you look up at the soaring glass dome of the Reichstag building, know that itâs laden with symbolism.
In 1933, a raging fire broke out in the Reichstag. The Nazi party claimed that communists were planning to overthrow the government, which led to the passing of a constitutional act that effectively allowed the Nazis to gain complete control of the country.
The Reichstag wasnât rebuilt until the 1990s, and it was decided that the dome should be rebuilt out of glass to represent Germanyâs desire to move away from its Nazi past towards a future of unity and democracy. Itâs a canât-miss attraction in Berlin-Mitte!
Tip: You can tour the dome of the Reichstag for free, but you MUST book your tickets in advance. When you show up for your tour, bring an internationally-recognized form of ID (such as a passport). Give yourself around 90 minutes to complete the self-guided audio tour and take in the epic views from atop the dome. For a fee, you can also book a guided tour of the Reichstag (i.e. see more than just the glass dome).
Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe
A few blocks down the street from the Brandenburg Gate is the Holocaust Memorial (formally titled The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe). Itâs made up of more than 2,500 concrete slabs spanning 19,000 square meters.
Youâre welcome to walk in amongst the concrete slabs; youâll notice that as you go deeper into the memorial, the concrete rises up far above your head and causes you to feel like youâre being suffocated â that was intentional and is meant to encourage reflection.
Potsdamer Platz
Potsdamer Platz is a bustling transportation hub in the city center. During the Cold War, the square served as the largest death strip in Berlin â i.e. a no manâs land that neither East or West Berliners could cross without being killed.
Potsdamer Platz isnât the most glamorous of squares, but itâs a good place to know to help orient yourself in Berlin. The annual Berlinale film festival takes place here, and thereâs also a piece of the Berlin Wall on display near the entrance to the underground train station.
If you have cash to burn, The Mall of Berlin has a bunch of chain stores and some eateries. Another good place to grab lunch near Potsdamer Platz is The Playce, which is a large food hall with a lot of different cuisines represented.
Tip: While youâre at Potsdamer Platz, look for the first stoplight in Europe, installed here in 1924 (someone used to sit up top and manually change the lights!).
FriedrichstraÃe
After Unter den Linden, FriedrichstraÃe is the most well-known street in Berlin. Itâs not quite as beautiful, but as you walk from the FriedrichstraÃe train station towards Gendarmenmarkt youâll pass a former GDR border check-in hall, Checkpoint Charlie, and more.
Eventually youâll come across more restaurants, shops, and a pretty pedestrian zone.
FriedrichstraÃe: Palace of Tears
One of the more underrated things to do in Berlin-Mitte is visit the former Cold War check-in hall near FriedrichstraÃe Station, called The Palace of Tears (Tränenpalast).
Why âthe Palace of Tears?â Because of the many tearful goodbyes that occurred at this border control point between friends and family who were kept apart by the Berlin Wall.
The check-in hallâs original structure has been preserved and now houses a free exhibition called âSite of German Division,â which explains how the border crossings between the East and West worked.
FriedrichstraÃe: Dussmann das Kulturkaufhaus
Dussman is one of the best local bookstores in Berlin and is where I go when I want a book now and donât mind paying full-price for a new novel. Itâs a massive bookstore with multiple floors and books in various languages (the English and German sections are the largest, but thereâs a smaller international section as well).
The bookstore is open until midnight during the week and is a great place to go if youâve run out of reading materials for your trip, need a souvenir, or just need to duck inside to escape the rain or cold.
Tip: Check out my full list of English bookstores in Berlin if youâre looking for more local gems!
FriedrichstraÃe: Checkpoint Charlie
One of the most famous places to visit in all of Berlin is Checkpoint Charlie. During the Cold War, Checkpoint Charlie was yet another entry point for people traveling between East and West Germany.
What made Checkpoint Charlie so famous, however, was the nail-biting tank standoff that occurred between US and Soviet forces in October 1961. The situation was so tense that there were fears of another World War breaking out.
Today Checkpoint Charlie feels quite touristy, but itâs a worthwhile thing to see in Mitte. Thereâs a small museum on the site as well, which isnât a âmustâ for me (you can learn similar information for free at the Palace of Tears, which I previously mentioned in this post).
FriedrichstraÃe: âThe Wallâ Panorama
âDie Mauerâ is a moving 1:1 scale panorama designed by artist Yadegar Asisi. The panorama shows you the perspective of a West Berliner in Kreuzberg looking over the Wall, into the death strip.
The panorama can be viewed from atop a 4-meter high viewing platform in the center of the room. (Book your ticket here.)
Tip: Yadegar Asisi also has a Panorama on Museum Island associated with the Pergamon Museum thatâs fantastic, so know that his panoramas ARE worth the money!
Gendarmenmarkt
One of the prettiest squares in Berlin, Gendarmenmarkt was once a site of refuge for French Protestants seeking refuge from the Catholic French government in the 17th century.
Gendarmenmarkt is known for its two identical cathedrals â the German Cathedral (Deutscher Dom) and the French Cathedral (Französischer Dom) â that face each other across opposite sides of the square. Inside the German Cathedral, youâll find a free exhibit on the history of the German parliament.
Between the cathedrals is the stunning Concert Hall (Konzerthaus) that was designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel. The interior is gorgeous, and is yet another wonderful venue for classical music in Berlin.
Note that Gendarmenmarkt is currently undergoing construction. Itâs projected to last through 2024.
Rausch Schokoladenhaus
If you need a break from the museums, historic sites, and other tourist attractions in Mitte, might I suggest recharging with a healthy dose of chocolate from Rausch? Raush Schockoladenhaus is one of the oldest chocolate shops in the city, and is my personal favorite in Berlin.
On the ground floor of the store, youâll find more than 200 varieties of chocolates, truffles, and pralines for sale (but a premade bundle or pick and choose your chocolates individually).
Thereâs also a deli at street level selling takeaway hot chocolate and other treats, but I prefer heading to the very top floor to sip my creamy hot chocolate in peace. Rausch offers three different kinds of hot chocolate (43%, 60%, or 70% cacao), and youâre welcome to add whipped cream, a shot of alcohol such as amaretto, and flavorings like chili and orange.
Oranienburger StraÃe
Oranienburger StraÃe is yet another popular shopping street in Berlin-Mitte, close to Museum Island. Mitte attractions along this street include Monbijoupark, the 19th century New Synagogue (which can be toured with a guide), and the former royal post office at the intersection of TucholskystraÃe.
Oranienburger StraÃe is generally a nice street to wander down if youâre looking for a bite to eat or want to shop at local boutiques.
Oranienburger StraÃe: Tadshikische Teestube
A lesser known thing to do in Berlin-Mitte is experience Russian Samovar at the Tajikistan Tea Room (Tadshikische Teestube). The tea house was originally built as the Tajikistan pavilion at a Leipzig trade fair in 1974, but itâs since been moved to its current location off of Oranienburger StraÃe.
The Samovar experience includes a very strong pot of black tea, which you dilute with hot water and sip between nibbles of marzipan or candied fruit. A shot of vodka is provided for you to sip as a palate cleanser between cups of tea.
Come with a friend or family, and make a reservation in advance if you plan on visiting over the weekend.
Berlin Wall Memorial
The Berlin Wall Memorial is located near the Nordbahnhof train station and showcases 1.4km-long piece of the original Berlin Wall. Both the wall itself as well as the border strip surrounding it have been preserved, and the open-air exhibits detailing the history of the Wall are free to enter.
The Nordbahnhof train station contains additional free exhibits that share the history of the train station during the Cold War and the various escape attempts that were made on the site.
Babylon Theater
A completely underrated attraction in Berlin-Mitte is Babylon Theater. It was built in 1929 as a silent movie theater, and is now the oldest movie theater in the world that still houses its own orchestra.
You can see a variety of films at the Babylon, but itâs best known for its silent film showings. If Fritz Langâs Metropolis is showing while youâre in Berlin, I highly recommend booking tickets. Itâs considered to be one of the most influential movies ever made, and seeing it with a live orchestra is a unique experience you wonât get anywhere else!
Flea Markets in Berlin Mitte
Flea markets are incredibly popular in Berlin, and there are some great ones that open every weekend in Mitte. For additional recommendations on the best flea markets in Berlin in general, click the link to read my full guide.
Arkonaplatz
On Sundays from 10am, quaint Arkonaplatz is transformed into a flea market. Itâs a smaller market thatâs popular with locals (many visitors overlook Arkonaplatz in favor of the larger, better known Mauerpark Flea Market nearby).
Expect to find small home decor items, servingware, DDR relics, and so forth at the Arkonaplatz flea market.
Antique and Book Market at the Bode Museum
One of my favorite flea markets in Mitte can be found near the Bode Museum (on Museum Island). This flea market primarily sells antique books, but there are some newer titles as well (although you have to do some rummaging to find the gems hidden amongst the stacks).
Youâll also find plenty of antique and vintage knick knacks, vinyl records, and small decor items for sale. The flea market at the Bode Museum is open on Saturdays and Sundays.
Berlin Art Market (Berliner Kunstmarkt am Zeughaus)
On Saturdays and Sundays from 11am, the street between the German Historical Museum and the Spree River is turned into a bustling art market. Itâs not a flea market per se, but rather an outdoor art market where artists of various mediums sell their work.
This is a wonderful market to visit if youâre looking for a more unique souvenir to remember your trip to Berlin. You can find handmade paintings, photos, graphics, postcards, and more here.
Green Spaces & Parks in Berlin Mitte
One of the things I love most about Berlin is how green the city is! Mitte has quite a few parks, and my favorites can be found below.
Tiergarten
At the end of Unter den Linden, across from the Brandenburg Gate, youâll see lots and lots of trees. Thatâs the beautiful Tiergarten. It was formerly the royal hunting grounds and was opened to the public in the 1830s.
At the heart of the park, in a massive roundabout, youâll find the Siegesäule (Victory Column). For a few Euros, you can ascend the spiral staircase within the column to see the Tiergarten and surrounding cityscape from above.
Monbijoupark and James-Simon Park
Monbijoupark and James-Simon Park are small but popular parks on the banks of the Spree River. Although theyâre technically two separate parks, theyâre right next to each other and it feels like theyâre part of the same one!
These two parks are located just off of Museum Island, and on warm summer nights youâll be hard pressed to find a spot to sit amongst the locals sipping beer, chatting with friends, and listening to music.
Tip: Monbijoupark is also one of my favorite spots to see cherry blossoms in the spring!
Volkspark am Weinberg
Once the site of a vineyard, the Volkspark am Weinberg is now a small park in the middle of the city. If your hotel or AirBNB is near the Volkspark, definitely come here whenever you need to rest your feet.
Thereâs a small pond in the middle of the park thatâs surrounded by cherry blossom trees, and pretty cafes and bookstores can be found around the park.
Where to Eat & Drink in Berlin Mitte
At the point, Iâve already written a literal novella about all the things there are to do in Mitte so Iâll keep my restaurant recommendations short and sweet. Leave me a comment at the end of this post if thereâs a different type of cuisine youâre craving, and Iâll be happy to give you some more tailored restaurant recs!
Father Carpenter (Münzstr 21) â Popular Australian-style brunch spot with good coffee, eggs, and breakfast bits. Gets busy on the weekend!
Zeit für Brot (Alte Schönhauser Str. 4) â Incredible grab-and-go local bakery chain that sells my favorite cinnamon buns in the city.
Banh Mi Stable (Schendelgasse 9) â â¬6 Vietnamese banh mi sandwiches. There are only three sandwiches on the menu and no sides. Great budget-friendly lunch option.
Frea Bakery (GartenstraÃe 9) â An all-vegan bakery and cafe. Iâm not vegan, and I genuinely can never tell that the food is vegan based on taste alone. The pastries in particular are unreal!
Magic Johnâs (Oranienburger Str. 48) â New York-style slice shop selling pizza by the slice. Cheap, fast, delicious!
Curry 61 (Oranienburger Str. 6) â The place in Berlin-Mitte to try currywurst.
Hofbräu Wirtshaus Berlin (Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 30) â A Bavarian beer hall chain tha serves classic German fare. Think: bratwurst, potato dumplings, and schnitzel.
What Do You Fancy Love? (LinienstraÃe 41) â Local Berlin cafe that has excellent coffee, chai lattes, and small bites.
Pho Co (Rosa-Luxemburg-StraÃe 20) â No-frills Vietnamese place with good food at lower prices.
Have Fun Exploring Mitte!
If youâve actually read through this full guide on what to do in Mitte, congratulations. You basically just read a book.
Mitte is jam-packed with attractions and thereâs lots here to fill your visit to Berlin. If you have any questions or comments, donât hesitate to leave a comment down below!
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2022-05-17T08:00:00+00:00
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Plan your trip to Berlin, Germany - discover top sights, events and activities. Useful info on getting to Berlin, the best restaurants and accommodation
|
en
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GetByBus Blog
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https://getbybus.com/en/blog/berlin/
|
What was once a symbol of Cold war division is now an urban megalopolis. Berlin, Germany’s capital, is the European Union’s most populous city with 3.7 million inhabitants.
Since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of East and West, the city has grown into a thriving city full of people, high-tech industry, universities, nightclubs and many more. Plenty of historical and modern landmarks, cultural events and festivals, world-renowned museums and shopping locations attract millions of visitors each year.
For all these reasons, Berlin is now the third most visited city in Europe, after London and Paris.
Here’s everything you need to know to plan your perfect vacation in Berlin.
Getting to Berlin
Being the capital of Germany and due to its important geographical position, Berlin is well-connected with major cities from all over the world. As we mentioned, plenty of tourists come each year to visit the city with various transportation options.
Below we will give a short overview of popular ways for reaching Berlin.
By plane
Berlin Brandenburg Airport (BER) is a brand new international airport serving Berlin and Brandenburg state in Germany. The airport opened in 2020 and replaced the Tempelhof, Schönefeld, and Tegel airports which were getting old.
With a capacity of 46 million passengers per year, BER is set to become one of Europe’s busiest airports.
You can fly to BER from more than 150 destinations throughout the world, with 56 different airlines. Berlin is a focus city for a few low-cost airlines, such as RyanAir, EasyJet and Eurowings, which means that travelling to Berlin by plane is cheap and easy.
By bus
Reaching Berlin by bus is relatively effortless as Berlin is one of the most well-connected cities in Europe. You can find bus routes to Berlin from practically every major European city.
Berlin Central Bus Station, known as ZOB, is located in western Berlin, near the Berlin Radio Tower. Besides ZOB, there are plenty of other bus stops around the city such as Ostbahnhof, Alexanderplatz and Wannsee.
Popular bus routes from Berlin:
By train
Using rails is another convenient way to reach Berlin, especially if you are coming from western Europe. Germany and its neighbouring countries are well-connected by high-end trains. Trains in Europe are usually quite fast and comfortable, have plenty of legroom, free WiFi and sockets at all seats. Taking a train is also the most environmentally friendly way of reaching Germany’s capital, so consider this option if you want to protect nature.
Berlin’s Central Train Station, Hauptbahnhof is located in the heart of Berlin in the Moabit district. Many other train stations such as Alexanderplatz, Spandau and Ostbahnhof can be found around the city.
By car
Driving by yourself is neither the fastest nor the cheapest way to reach Berlin. However, if you decide to come by car you will have no problem with reaching Berlin as Germany’s highways are excellent.
Keep in mind that Berlin’s city centre is an environmental zone and you will need a special environmental badge to drive around. You can purchase the environmental badge at the vehicle testing centres or online for 6 EUR.
Getting around Berlin
Berlin is a huge metropolitan city with well-developed roads and public transportation infrastructure. Berliners proudly claim that no matter where you are, you can reach every part of the city in 45 minutes, and they are usually right.
If you plan on using public transportation, you should know that U-Bahn, S-Bahn, buses and trams are all part of the same network. This means that the tickets you purchase for one of them are valid for all. When it comes to the ticket price it depends on tariff zones and the duration of the ticket’s validity.
Berlin is divided into three tariff zones: AB, BC and ABC, with AB including Berlin’s urban centre, while ABC also includes surrounding areas such as Postdam and Brandenburg airport. Ticket options include single journey tickets, short-distance tickets, single-day tickets, and 7-day tickets. Make sure to validate your ticket at the entrance because if you don’t penalties are quite high.
Below we will give an overview of all of the common ways of moving around Berlin.
U- Bahn
The famous U-Bahn is the city’s subway system and one of the most popular transportation options for both tourists and locals. It is one of the most well-developed subway systems in the world, renowned for its efficiency and accessibility. U-Bahn network consists of 10 lines that run both underground and aboveground while effectively connecting every part of the city.
During the week, U-Bahn works from 4 am to 1 am, while during the weekend U-Bahn lines run all day and night. Trains are also quite frequent, they run every 3-5 minutes during the peak hours, every 10 minutes during the rest of the day, and every 15 minutes during the night.
S- Bahn
The main difference between the U-Bahn and S-Bahn is that S-Bahn is less frequent and has fewer stops, but covers longer distances faster than the U-Bahn.
For this reason, U-Bahn is the preferred choice in the city centre, while S-Bahn is the best option for reaching the city’s periphery and outskirts.
Trams
There are more than 20 tram lines in Berlin. As a consequence of division during the cold war, the trams mostly serve East Berlin where the subway system is not as developed as it is in West Berlin.
For visitors, the tram line M10 is particularly interesting. Close to the last station of M10 stands the longest remaining section of the Berlin Wall, nowadays known as the East Side Gallery.
Bus
In Berlin, where U-Bahn and trams don’t go, buses do. The Bus network of Berlin is extensive and with more than 300 lines it covers even the most remote areas of the city. Interestingly. Berlin’s bus network is the oldest one in Germany, dating back to the 19th century and horse carried buses.
For tourists, the lines to remember are double-decker buses 100 and 200. These hop-on/hop-off sightseeing buses are a great and inexpensive way to reach the city’s most important attractions such as Alexanderplatz, Museum Island, Brandenburg Gate and Reichstag.
Taxis & ridesharing
While most locals prefer to use public transport, taxis are readily available. Taxis in Berlin have yellowish “TAXI” roof signs and can be easily hailed around the city. The base fare is €3.90, with €2 per km for the first 7km, and €1.50 for every kilometre after that.
One thing to have in mind is “Kurzstrecke”, or the short distance taxi ride within a 2 km radius. For Kurzstrecke you will pay €5 no matter where you are, but you have to make it clear you want Kurzstrecke when entering a cab.
Ridesharing apps such as Uber and Bolt are also available around the city and are usually slightly cheaper than taxis.
Bikes
As in most of western Europe, bikes are among the most popular transportation options in Berlin. With over 600 km of cycling paths, it’s no surprise that many locals use bikes to commute to work.
For tourists, renting a bike in Berlin is a great way to explore the city leisurely. Often times renting a bike is possible at hostels and hotels, but the most common way is through bike-sharing apps such as NextBike and Lime.
Sights
Being such a large and historically important city, Berlin has many worthwhile attractions, but some of them stand out from the crowd. For this reason, we will write an introduction to Berlin’s top tourist attractions. If you have a limited time in Berlin, perhaps our 24 hours guide can help you in planning.
One thing we recommend if you want to have the best experience while sightseeing in Berlin Welcome Card. With Berlin Welcome Card, you can save time and money. The card gives you free public transport, discounts on numerous attractions and a free city guidebook, which includes a map of Berlin. The price of the Berlin Welcome Card starts from €24 but depends on the duration of validity and Berlin public transport tariff zones.
Berlin Wall
We will start the list with the Berlin Wall, the symbol of the Cold war and Berlin. Everyone who comes to Berlin should take some time and explore the remains of a wall that divided not only Berlin but the whole world in two.
First built in 1961, and expanded later on, to prevent people from fleeing East Berlin. The wall quickly became the symbol of a Cold War and for 28 years it separated friends and family members from seeing each other.
Berlin Wall fell in 1989 and since then most of it has been torn down, however, some parts still remain as a reminder of the past.
Where to see Berlin Wall remains?
The longest stretch of the wall still standing today is now an open-air art gallery. Eastside gallery, as it is called, is a 1.3km long stretch of wall covered in more than 100 graffiti from artists of various nationalities.
You can find The Berlin Wall Memorial on Bernauer Straße close to the city centre. Bernauer Straße became famous in 1961 because of the pictures of people jumping out of their windows to escape the communist regime. This is the only part of the wall fully preserved, with a border strip and watchtower from the 1980s.
If you are interested in the history of the wall and its consequences on the people of Berlin, you should visit Checkpoint Charlie Museum. The museum is filled with photographs and exhibitions about fascinating stories of people who escaped, or tried to escape across the wall.
Brandenburg gate
The most iconic building in Berlin has to be the famous Brandenburg gate. This 26-meters high gate was built between 1788 and 1791, designed by Carl Gotthard Langhans, and inspired by the gateway at the entrance to the Acropolis in Athens. In 1975, a signature chariot drawn by four horses called Quadriga was added to the top of the gate.
This monument was a site of major historical events such as Nazi and Napoleon parades, but today it stands as a symbol of European unity and peace.
It is located in the Mitte district in the city centre, only a block away from Reichstag.
Reichstag
Another monumental landmark of Berlin is the house of the German parliament, better known as the Reichstag. The building was constructed in 1894 and has gone through many tribulations since then. At the end of World War II, Reichstag was heavily damaged by the bombings. This sparked the debate about whether to restore it or demolish it, but in 1956 decision was made to restore it. However, at first, it was restored without its original dome.
In 1999, a new, large glass dome that offers a 360-degree view of the surrounding Berlin cityscape was constructed. Today, mostly because of the epic dome, Reichstag is the second most visited attraction in Germany, only behind the Cologne Cathedral. Entrance is free, but you will need a prior reservation if you wish to visit Reichstag and its dome.
Museum island
Museum-lovers rejoice! Located in the historic heart of Berlin, on the northern part of Spree Island is the Berlin Museum Island.
Museum Island is a UNESCO World Heritage site and complex of internationally significant museums. The complex was built from 1830 to 1930 under the order of Prussian kings, but new buildings are still added according to the plan.
Museum Island consists of the following museums:
The Altes Museum (Old Museum) – Antiquities collection from ancient Rome and Greece
The Neues Museum (New Museum) – a spectacular collection of Prehistoric and Early historical findings
The Alte Nationalgalerie (Old National Gallery) – exhibiting art from the 19th century to the 21st century
The Bode Museum – featuring sculptures, coins, medals and Byzantian art
The Pergamon Museum – the most visited museum on Museum Island, it has three areas: the Middle East, Islamic art and Antique
The Humboldt Forum – opened in 2020 inside the Berlin Palace, with exhibitions consisting of two former museums, the Ethnological Museum of Berlin and the Museum of Asian Art.
Charlottenburg Palace
This baroque palace from the end of the 17th century is certainly among the most impressive buildings in Berlin. The construction of the original palace was ordered by Sophie Charlottenburg, the wife of Friedrich I, but it has been expanded greatly during the 18th century.
Today, the Charlottenburg Palace complex is a major tourist attraction. The interiors of the palace are lavishly decorated in baroque style and rococo styles. Behind the palace, there is a large woodland area, which includes a beautiful garden, mausoleum, belvedere, a pavilion and a theatre.
Berlin TV tower
With its height of 368m, Fernsehturm is the tallest building in Germany and it can be seen from all over the city. Constructed during the 1960s by the German Democratic Republic, it was supposed to be the symbol of Communist power. However, after the reunification of Berlin, it became the symbol of reunited Berlin and the most iconic part of the Berlin skyline.
The main selling point of Fernsehturm is its spectacular 360-degrees panoramic view of Berlin.
Olympiastadion
More than a sports avenue, Olympiastadion is a part of history. Built for the 1936 Summer Olympic games, with an original capacity of more than 100,000, the stadium is now a home for Hertha BSC football club and has a capacity of 74,000. The stadium hosted numerous important football games, such as the 2006 FIFA World cup finals and the 2015 UEFA Champions League finals. In 2009, Usain Bolt broke the 100m and 200m world records at Olympiastadion. When there are no events, you can explore this monumental stadium and its facilities as a part of guided tours.
Activities
You could stay in Berlin for a year and still find new activities every day. Certainly among the most interesting cities in the world, there is no shortage of things to do in Berlin. Below we will mention some of the most noteworthy activities in Berlin.
Explore Tiergarten
Tiergarten is Berlin’s largest and most popular park and a perfect place for a break from the city’s traffic and fast-paced tempo.
Comparable with New York’s Central Park or London’s Hyde Park, Tiergarten offers many facilities open to the public. Within the park, you can find places suitable for picnics and barbecues, as well as for jogging, cycling and field sports. For children, there is a large playground, while adults can enjoy a coffee in one of the coffee shops. Victory Column, in the heart of a park, can be climbed for an amazing panoramic view of the park and surroundings. During winter, you can ice skate on a small lake called Neuer See and in the spring it’s beautiful inside the English Gardens. Berlin’s ZOO is also located within the Tiergarten.
Visit Berlin Zoological Garden
With more than 20,000 animals, from 1,000 animal species, Berlin Zoological Garden is one of the most species-rich zoos in the world.
Inside the ZOO you can find a variety of big cats, birds, apes, rhinos, hippos, penguins and many more. In past, Berlin ZOO was home to famous exotic animals such as Knut, the polar bear, Bobby, the gorilla and Bao Bao, the panda.
Unique experience within the ZOO is witnessing open-for-public animal feedings & training which happen throughout the day.
A part of a Zoological Garden complex is the Berlin Aquarium which hosts over 9,000 species of not only fish but also reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates.
With all of this being said, it’s no surprise that Berlin ZOO is the most visited ZOO in Europe.
Day trip to Potsdam
Of all of the possible day trips from Berlin, one stands out. Only half an hour south-west of Berlin lies the beautiful city of Potsdam.
In past, Potsdam used to be a residence of Prussian Kings, which is why it is filled with awe-inspiring palaces and royal parks. Actually, the palaces and parks of Potsdam have been declared UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999.
The most famous of all palaces is Sanssoucci which is often compared to French Versailles. Surrounding the palace are magnificent baroque flower gardens, vineyards, and greenhouses. On the western side of Sanssouci park is the grandiose New Palace, considered to be the last great Prussian baroque palace.
Besides Sanssouci, while in Potsdam, make sure to visit the Dutch Quarter, St. Nicholas Church and Brandenburg gate (not to be confused with the one in Berlin).
Boat tour on the river Spree
River Spree runs through the city’s centre and its calm waters are perfect for boat cruises. There are plenty of different boat cruises to choose from. They vary in length and duration, but mostly take the same route through the city centre and the Landwehr canal. The one we recommend is the romantic night cruise which starts at 9:30 pm and ends at midnight.
During the boat cruise, you will pass by plenty of Berlin landmarks such as the Berlin Cathedral and Museum Island. For us, the most idyllic and pleasurable part was passing through the Tiergarten.
Go to Deutsches Theatre or Opera
The cultural scene in Berlin is vibrant and exciting. There are more than 100 theatres, 8 orchestras, 3 operas, circuses, cabarets, and pretty much any other show you could think of.
Deutsche Oper Berlin is the city’s largest opera house which regularly hosts world-renowned operas.
Deutsches Theater Berlin is world-renowned for its contemporary plays, but also has some evergreen classics in its repertoire.
Friedrichstadt-Palast is another worthwhile theatre in Berlin. More than a million people visit the Palast each year for a wide variety of shows full of glamour, dancing and stunning performances.
Festivals & Events
From winter to summer, there is always some kind of festival or event going on in Berlin. It doesn’t matter if you are a fan of art, beer lover or sports enthusiast, Berlin has something for you.
Berlin Christmas markets
Visiting Berlin during the Christmas period is a true delight! Both locals and tourists love Berlin’s Christmas Markets because they bring everyone together.
More than 50 Christmas markets, with unique styles, decorations and ambiences are spread throughout the city. Tasty culinary delights, beer, hand-made crafts and plenty more can be found in these markets.
Most visited is the Christmas market at Gendarmenmarkt.
Karneval der Kulturen
Celebrated annually from late May to early June, the Berlins Carnival of Culture is the best representation of Berlin’s cultural diversity. During the four-day-long carnival, more than 5000 dancers from the various ethnicities showcase their traditional costumes, dances and arts. The peak of the festival is during the street parade on Pentecost Sunday. During the parade, thousands of performers walk the streets of Berlin and entertain more than half a million visitors.
Berlinale
In this city of culture, Berlin Film Festival is a cultural event that stands out from the crowd.
This festival has a long history, it was founded in 1951 and held annually every February since 1978. Considered one of the “Big Three” European film festivals alongside the Cannes and Venice film festivals. With more than 100,000 tickets sold each year, Berlinale has the largest attendance of all film festivals. The highest prize awarded at the festival is the Golden bear, inspired by the Berlins’ signature coat of arms.
Oktoberfest Berlin
As in Munich, every year from late September to early-mid October, Berlin organizes its own Oktoberfest. Oktoberfest in Berlin is a little brother of the famous one in Munich, but equally fun. An endless amount of beer, pretzels, and wursts is accompanied by jolly people dancing and singing. Besides this, there are also plenty of rides and games for children of all ages.
That sounds like a good recipe to have a great time, right?
Festival of Lights
Since 2005, for two weeks every fall, Berlin becomes the city of light.
Even though festivals of lights have become increasingly popular throughout the world, the Berlin Festival of Lights is surely one of the best. More than 50 landmarks such as Berlin Cathedral, Brandenburg gate and TV Tower light up with an impressive combination of modern art and lights.
Art week
When it comes to contemporary art Berlin is the place to be, and no event is bigger than Berlin Art week. Organized for more than 10 years, Berlin art week is a 6-day cultural event that showcases contemporary art from all over the world.
A diverse programme of Art week includes numerous locations throughout Berlin that feature various exhibitions, paintings, sculptures, and installations. For artists from all over the world, Art week is a huge opportunity to show their creations. The crowd certainly appreciates it if we can judge by the number of visitors because more than 100,000 people regularly attend the event.
Berlin marathon
The Berlin marathon is one of Germany’s largest sporting events held annually. What started in 1974 as a small local event has now grown into one of the world’s six major marathons. Today, thousands of athletes gather on the streets of Berlin to compete against each other and against themselves. The Marathon course is quite attractive as it starts and ends at Brandenburg gate and passes by a couple of other landmarks.
Food
Berlin is an international and culturally diverse city, which is reflected in its cuisine as well. From traditional German to international cuisines of Asian, Mediterranean and others, you can find plenty of restaurants to choose from. While most of the traditional dishes include meat, vegetarian food is also widely available in Berlin.
What to eat in Berlin?
Berlin is most famous for its sausages, or wursts as Germans call them. There are quite a few combinations to choose from, but the first two you should try are bratwurst and currywurst. The first is the more traditional, usually served with mustard, while the second one is served with delicious curry sauce. Both are quite easy to find throughout the city.
Another easy to find street food is Döner Kebab. Originally a Turkish meal, brought to Germany by Turkish immigrants, Döner Kebabs have quickly become a staple of Berlin street food. Thinly sliced meat, mixed with ingredients of your choice inside of bread or a wrap is a perfect food when low on time or after a night out.
While in Germany it would be a shame not to try a schnitzel. Veal escalope with a coating of breadcrumbs, eggs and flour creates a delicious meat meal. They are usually served with potato salad and a piece of lemon which adds another layer of flavour to the dish.
Another meal meat lovers have to try is eisbein. Eisbein is pork knuckle, usually boiled or grilled, served with sauerkraut, potatoes, and boiled peas. Simply mouthwatering!
When it comes to desserts, Berliner Donuts or Pfannkuchen are the most famous ones. Similar to filled doughnuts, Pfannkuchen is filled with jam or chocolate filling with sugar sprinkled on top. They are a perfect snack when you need a quick energy boost.
Apfelstrudel is another dessert associated with Germany, but it actually originated in Austria. Delicious apple strudels are best when served hot, and with vanilla cream on top.
One thing you mustn’t skip while in Berlin is the local beer. German beer has a good reputation throughout the world, and for a good reason. Some say there are more than 5,000 you could try in Berlin! So don’t be shy and say “Ein Bier, bitte!” while in a bar.
Where to eat?
There is no shortage of good restaurants to visit while in Berlin. In the end, everything depends on what you are looking for.
One affordable place locals like to go for lunch is Lebensmittel in Mitte. They serve very well cooked South German food.
For a fine dining experience, you should go to Michelin star restaurants such as Tim Raue and CODA. Be prepared to leave €100 per person in these restaurants, at least.
Konnopke’s Imbiss is a famous sausage stand managed by the same family since the 1930s. Their sausages are just terrific!
Arguably the most famous burger bar in Berlin is Burgermeister. Interestingly, this burger bar is located inside a vintage public toilet facility in Kreuzberg. Doesn’t sound too appealing, right? However, their burgers are amazing and made from high-quality ingredients.
Now that you had a tasty meal, get prepared for a night out in a city known for its nightlife.
Nightlife
Berlin is certainly vibrant during the day, however, the city shows its true face during the night. Countless bars, pubs and events are just foreplay for one of the best clubbing scenes in the world.
Known as the capital of techno music, Berlin has plenty of clubs that host the world’s best DJs which means there is no shortage of good music. Berlin is also known for its open-mindedness and sexual liberty. When you combine those things, you are up for a wild weekend with no restrictions.
You should know that some clubs are notoriously hard to get it. Don’t overdress, don’t be loud while in the line, and learn some basic German phrases such as “Wie geht’s?”. When it comes to dressing up, Berliners don’t really like to stand out and you can’t miss it with black clothes.
Alright, so now you are probably wondering…
Where is the best place to go out in Berlin?
In Berlins central district Mitte, Hackescher Markt and Oranienburger Straße are both a good place to start the night. There is a wide variety of pubs and bars in which you can have a few drinks to relax and get into the atmosphere of the night. A unique bar you could go to is the Berlin Ice Bar near Alexanderplatz.
Once you feel ready to party all night long, you should go to the Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg district. What used to be two districts is now a single district full of clubs, with the river Spree flowing through its middle.
In Friedrichshain, you will find the infamous Berghain, often referred to as the church of techno. Located in an old power plant, Berghain hosts some of the wildest parties in the world. It’s really hard to get in so don’t put all of your eggs in this basket. If you don’t get into Berghain, there are two more amazing clubs, Sisyphos and About Blank, you can go to on this side of river Spree.
In Kreuzberg, across the river Spree, you can also find a couple of household names in the world of techno music. To start there is Tresor, one of the most respected techno clubs in the world. Close to Tresor, there is KitKat, a techno-sex club infamous for its sexual liberty and definitely one of the craziest clubs you will ever go to.
The great thing about Berlin is that its public transport system works 24/7 during the weekends, which means you can move around and get home quickly and safely.
Shopping
Berlin is amongst the best places in Europe for shopping. From large malls and department stores filled with luxury designer boutiques to flea markets and handmade products, there is something for everyone.
If you have time to roam around the city streets you will certainly find something of interest. However, to save you some time, we will name some of the best shopping locations in Berlin.
Where to shop in Berlin?
In the Charlottenburg district, head to the Kurfürstendamm boulevard. This is the most famous shopping street in Berlin which has multiple department stores, and plenty of popular designer boutiques, cafes and restaurants. The largest department store in Berlin, KaDeWe is located on this boulevard, as well as Europa-Center Berlin and Bikini Berlin centre. On top of Bikini Berlin, there is a wonderful rooftop terrace bar where you can relax and enjoy a view of the city and Berlin Zoological Garden animals.
For a more alternative shopping experience, you should go to Oranienstraße in the Kreuzberg district. The street has a variety of small book shops, vintage clothing boutiques, record stores and markets. Kreuzberg Flowmarkt is a great place to shop for handmade stuff, while Markthalle Neun is great for fresh food produce. When you are tired of shopping on Oranienstraße, you can sit in one of the numerous restaurants.
Berlin has a bunch of flea markets where you can casually browse and look for bargains. The biggest and most well-known flea market is the one at Mauerpark, however, there is at least one in every district. At these flea markets, depending on where you go, you can find practically everything from furniture to fresh fish.
Accommodation
Berlin is massive and the list of places where you could stay is endless. Whatever your budget is you will find a corresponding accommodation in Berlin. Airbnb’s are available throughout the city, and there is no shortage of 5-star hotels or cheap hostels in Berlin.
Where to stay in Berlin?
If you want to be close to the main attractions then stay in Mitte. However, you will have to pay for such a convenience because Mitte is relatively very expensive when it comes to accommodation and food.
Prenzlauerberg, northeast of Mitte, is perfect for families. It’s close enough to most of the attractions but more laid back than the Mitte. Plenty of shops and cafes in the area.
If you want to party in Berlin then Friedrichshain is your district for sure. That is because some of the best clubs in Berlin such as Berghain are located in Friedrichshain. The area used to be full of artists and you can notice a lot of street art on the walls which creates a cool alternative vibe.
Kreuzberg is an edgy, multicultural and urban area close to the city centre. This area is great for younger travellers that don’t want to break the bank on accommodation and food. Kreuzberg has plenty to offer when it comes to attractions, pubs and clubs.
For a more upscale atmosphere, go to the Charlottenburg district. This area is quieter than most and has a nice variety of cafes and restaurants to choose from.
Useful Contacts
Polizei Berlin: 110
Fire service: 112
Medical service: 112
On-call doctor service: 116117
Poison control centre: +49 30 19240
Drugs and addiction: +49 30 19237.
Emergency pharmacy telephone information: (0800) 0022833
Emergency dental service: (030) 89004333
Children’s emergency service: (030) 610061
24/7 Taxi in English: +49-30-20 20 21 22 0
Useful Information
Timezone: CET + 1
Currency: Euro
Language: German
Power outlets: Type F
Map
Below is a map with all the mentioned places in the Berlin city guide for easier navigation and planning.
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Checkpoint Charlie or Checkpoint C was the name given by the Western Allies to the best-known Berlin Wall crossing point between East Berlin and West Berlin during the Cold War (1947–1991). GDR leader Walter Ulbricht agitated and maneuvered to get the Soviet Union’s permission to construct the Berlin Wall in 1961 to stop Eastern Bloc …
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https://wartraveller.com/ww2-location/berlin-checkpoint-charlie/
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Museum Reina Sofia Madrid
Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Calle de Santa Isabel, Madrid, Spain
Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía is the National Museum of Spanish Art of the 20th Century in Madrid. The museum was officially opened on September 10, 1992 and is named after Queen Sofia. The museum is primarily dedicated to Spanish art. The highlights of the museum are excellent collections of two of the greatest masters of the 20th century, Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dalí. Surely the most famous masterpiece in the museum is Picasso's painting Guernica.
Monument Calvo Sotelo
Monument Sotelo Madrid
It is one of the major monuments of Francoist symbology in Madrid. It was built in memory of Jose Calvo Sotel, Minister in the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, Member of Parliament in the Second Republic.
Naval Museum Madrid
Naval museum madrid
The Madrid Naval Museum is a national museum displaying the history of the Spanish Navy from the Catholic monarchs of the 15th century until today. The screens place maritime history in a broad context with information about the Spanish rulers and former colonies of the country. The collections include navigation instruments, weapons, maps and pictures.
Valley of the fallen
Valley of the Fallen, Carretera de Guadarrama/El Escorial, San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain
Valle de los Caídos is a monument of the Francoist regime, a Catholic basilica and a monument in the municipality of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, erected in the Cuelgamuros valley in the Sierra de Guadarrama, near Madrid. Franco claimed the monument was a "national act of salvation" and reconciliation. The monument, considered a landmark of 20th century Spanish architecture, was designed by Pedro Muguruza and Diego Méndez on a scale that, in Franco's words, would be "the majesty of ancient monuments that defy time and memory."
Copenhagen War Museum
Krigsmuseet, Tøjhusgade, Copenhagen, Denmark
The Danish Military Museum is a specialized museum of cultural history. When visiting permanent and special exhibitions on topics such as war, defense and weapon technology, you can experience the full range of Danish military history from 1500 to the present. Part of the museum is dedicated to Denmark in the Second World War.
War museum Trieste
Via Costantino Cumano, 22, 34139 Trieste, TS, Italija
The military museum has about 15,000 items in its inventory, including 2,800 pieces of weapons. It also has a substantial archive of 24,000 photos, 287 logs (38,000 pages), 12,000 books, 2,600 posters and flyers, 470 geographic and topographic maps. The Henriquez collection is now owned by the city of Trieste, which continues to rebuild materials.
Risiera di San Sabba – Concentration camp
Risiera di San Sabba, Via Giovanni Palatucci, Trieste, Province of Trieste, Italy
Risiera di San Sabba is a large building near Sv. Sobota (San Sabba), in which rice was first peeled, in 1943, the Nazis have turned it into a concentration camp. In 1944, a crematorium was built inside, in which about 4,000 to 5,000 people were burned. The furnace capacity was 50 to 70 bodies a day. The victims were mostly Slovenians, then Croats, Italian anti-fascists and Jews.
Volgograd – Mamayev Kurgan
Mamayev Kurgan, Prospekt Imeni V.i. Lenina, Volgograd, Russia
Mamayev Kurgan is a dominant height overlooking the city of Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad). The formation is dominated by a memorial complex commemorating the Battle of Stalingrad. The battle, a hard-fought Soviet victory over Axis forces on the Eastern Front of World War II, turned into one of the bloodiest battles in human history. At the time of its installation in 1967 the statue named "The Motherland Calls on Mamayev Kurgan" formed the largest free-standing sculpture in the world, as of 2016 it is the tallest sculpture of a woman in the world.
Volgograd – Museum of the Battle of Stalingrad
The museum-panorama "The Battle of Stalingrad", Ulitsa Imeni Marshala V.i. Chuykova, Volgograd, Russia
The Museum displays the bloodiest battle in the history of warfare. The Battle of Stalingrad was the largest confrontation of World War II, in which Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad, now called Volgograd. In the battle, the Red Army, with the victory over Nazi Germany, achieved a turning point in World War II. The capitulation of German troops, led by General Friedrich Paulus, is considered to be the greatest defeat of Nazi Germany. Even nowadays Russians believe that the Battle of Stalingrad is the most important event of the World War II. The battle lasted from August 23, 1942, until February 2, 1943. It is considered the bloodiest battle in the history of warfare. It claimed from 1.7 to 2 million dead, wounded or trapped. The strategically and ideologically important industrial city of Stalingrad, which was named after the leader of the former Soviet Union, Josip Stalin, from 1925 to 1961, was completely destroyed in the battle and later almost completely rebuilt. With the help of Romanian military units, the German army launched an offensive on Stalingrad in late August 1942. By mid-November, it managed to conquer 90 % of the city. At that time, the Red Army launched a large counteroffensive, causing the German army to remain trapped in the city. Stalingrad became, in the winter of 1942/43, when the temperature dropped below - 30°C, a scene of many-month street battles between the two sides. In addition to the fighting, the soldiers of both sides, as well as civil people, how we're still in the city, were caught by famine. At the beginning of 1943, the Red Army offered capitulation to the German army, but it initially rejected it, also because of Hitler's strong opposition, and then accepted it on January 31st. On February 2, 1943, tens of thousands of German and Romanian soldiers surrendered to the opposite side. The long-running battles for a significant transit centre on the way to the Caucasus, rich with oil and gas stocks, were over after five months, a week, and three days. The museum contains military exhibits, militaries, documents, weapons and military equipment, vehicles, dioramas and the largest panoramic display of the battle.
Volgograd – Pavlov’s House
Dom Pavlova, Ulitsa Sovetskaya, Volgograd, Russia
Pavlov's House was a fortified apartment building which Red Army defenders held for 60 days against a heavy Wehrmacht offensive during the Battle of Stalingrad. The siege lasted from 27. 09 to 25. 11. 1942 and eventually the Soviet forces managed to relieve it from the siege. It gained its name from Sergeant Yakov Pavlov, who commanded the platoon that seized the building and defended it during the long battle.
Volgograd – Museum Headquarters Generalfeldmarschall Paulus
Pamyat', Ploshchad' Pavshikh Bortsov, Volgograd, Russia
This museum is devoted to the battle of Stalingrad and is established in the former field headquarters of General Feldmarschall Friedrich Paulus, commander of the German 6th Army. It owns many documents, photographs and maps related to this battle.
Volgograd – Alley of the Heroes
Alleya Geroyev, 1, Volgograd, Russia
On both sides of the Alley of the Heroes are the names of all the heroes of the Soviet Union and the recipients of all three types of "Order of the Glory of Volgograd". We can also find the names of heroes of the Soviet Union, who were rewarded for heroism in the Battle of Stalingrad.
Château Pignerolle Kriegsmarine Bunkers
Château de Pignerolle, Saint-Barthélemy-d'Anjou, Francija
Following the amphibious operation “Chariot” the German Navy commander decided the risk to risk to certain units of seaborne attack was high and decided to relocate the command center for U-boats to Pignerolle. The Chateau was chosen as it was far enough from the sea to be safe, whilst the radio communications in the area were good. In the Chateau park Nazis built bunkers, that were finished in 1942, when Pignerolle became an official command center. All communications with U-Boats in the Atlantic were routed from Berlin through the Pignerolle command and communications center. Nowadays the chateau is also a museum of communication.
Le Grand Blockhouse Museum
Batz-sur-Mer, Francija
Le Grand Blockhaus Museum was an Observation Post built as part of the Atlantic Wall defenses in the area around Saint-Nazaire following the raid. Later the bunker was the eyes of a major coastal battery. The museum display tells a story of the sinking of the Lancastria, the Saint-Nazaire raid and the Atlantic Wall. You can also climb into the upper tier of the observation bunker using an original metal ladder.
Escoublac-La-Baule – Britain Cemetary
Escoublac, La Baule, Francija
On March 28, 1942, the British troops attacked the heavily defended dry dock at Saint Nazaire. The “Saint Nazaire Raid” or “Operation Chariot” was a successful amphibious attack. Saint-Nazaire was targeted because the loss of its dry dock would force any large German warship to return to home waters via a different route, rather than having a port available on the Atlantic coast. With this amphibious attack, the allies’ forces disabled German navy at the Atlantic. With the attack, they also protected Allied naval convoys that were vital for the United Kingdom. The fallen soldiers are buried at the Escoublac-La-Baule cemetery. The cemetery that begun with the burial of 17 British soldiers during 1940, is now the place of rest for 325 Commonwealth soldiers, that were killed in the line of duty during the II. World War.
Saint Nazaire – Atlantic Wall (Defence Bunkers)
Saint-Nazaire, Francija
The Atlantic Wall was an extensive system of coastal defense and fortifications built by Nazi Germany along the coast of continental Europe as a defense against an anticipated Allied invasion of Nazi-occupied during II. World War. The manning and operation of the Atlantic Wall was administratively overseen by the German Army, with some support from Luftwaffe ground forces. The German Navy maintained a separate coastal defense network, organized into a number of sea defense zones.
Saint Nazaire – U-boat Base
Boulevard Georges Charpak, Saint-Nazaire, Francija
During the II. World War the port of Saint Nazaire was strategically important. Because the Germans build here one of the largest fortified U-boat pen. The U-boat base was built between 1941 and 1942. The construction of the base required more than 313,000 cubic meters of concrete. The part of the U-boat base were also army workshops, which were later destroyed.
Saumur Tank Museum
1-99 Rue Fricotelle, 49400 Saumur, Francija
During the Battle of France, in World War II, Saumur was the site of the Battle of Saumur (1940) where the town and south bank of the Loire were defended by the teenage cadets of the cavalry school for the Honor of France. In 1944 the town was a target bombing raids by Allied planes. In Tank Museum, the aim was to gather everything tank related, whether French or foreign and being of historical, technological and educational interest. The collection includes mementos from the "Father of the French Tank" and from Major Bossut, one of the first officers to be killed in action whilst commanding a Tank Unit.
Battle of Ortona Museum
Museo Battaglia di Ortona, Corso Garibaldi, Ortona, Chieti, Italija
Battle of Ortona Museum shows photos of the battle, arms, uniforms and different arm artifacts. The Battle of Ortona was a battle fought between a battalion of German Fallschirmjäger, paratroops from the German 1st Parachute Division, and assaulting Canadian troops from the Canadian 1st Infantry Division. It was the culmination of the fighting on the Adriatic front in Italy. The battle, known to those who fought it as the "Italian Stalingrad" for the deadliness of its close-quarters combat.
The Swiss Military Museum in Full
Schweizerisches Militärmuseum Full, Full-Reuenthal, Švica
The Swiss Military Museum in Full is a Swiss military museum, which is located in a village Full-Reuenthal, the canton Aargau. Museum has a collection of army gear and uniforms of a Swiss and foreign army forces, from the time of the II. World War and the Cold War. In addition of many tanks and cannons in the museum, there is also the entire collection of the former arms manufacturer Oerlikon. Also the German rockets VI and crashed British and American bombers, which are owned by the museum.
Fort Full-Reuenthal
Festungsmuseum Full-Reuenthal, Panoramaweg, Full-Reuenthal, Švica
Fort Reuenthal is a 20th century Swiss fortification located near the Swiss border with Germany. Built between 1937 and 1939, the fort overlooks the Rhine where it bends around the town of Full-Reuenthal. It is armed with two artillery blocks for 75mm guns and two machine gun blocks. It was a component of the Swiss Border Line of defenses intended to prevent a crossing of the Rhine at the hydroelectric plant at Dogern.
Fort Ebersberg
festung ebersberg
Fort Ebersberg, also known as Fort Rüdlingen, was built 1938–1940 in the Swiss Canton of Zurich to guard the Rhine against a German invasion at the opening of II. World War. The fort was part of the Swiss Border Line defenses.
Crestawald Fortress Museum
Festungsmuseum Crestawald, Sufers, Švica
The contemporary witness of Swiss military history. Construction of the fortifications in Crestawald was started in September 1939, and by 1940 the huge artillery guns were ready for action. For a long time, the bunkers were kept under the strictest of secrecy. With the restructuring of the army, the artillery fortresses near the state borders were decommissioned. In 2000 the secrecy was lifted and the fortress was turned into a public museum by the Verein Festungsmuseum Crestawald.
Toblerone Line
Route Suisse 8, Gland, Švica
The Toblerone line is a 10 km (6 miles) long defensive line made of dragon's teeth that were built during the II. World War between Bassins and Prangins, in the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland. These lines of defensive blocks can be found all over Switzerland, but more predominantly in border areas. Their purpose was to stop tank invasions. The 2.700 9-ton concrete blocks that make up the defenses are similar to the shape of the chocolate bar "Toblerone", which gave its name to the line. Since the line has been left to nature since its construction, it was decided to keep these concrete blocks and to make a hiking trail along their route. The line was built along twelve fortresses, the most well known being the "Villa Rose" in Gland, which was transformed into a museum and opened to the public in 2006.
Military History Institute Prague
Vojenský historický ústav Praha: Armádní muzeum Žižkov, U Památníku, Žižkov, Praga-Praha 3, Češka republika
The Army Museum is located in Prague-Žižkov, in the historic facilities of the National Liberation Monument. The first section is dedicated to the period of the I World War, the involvement of Czech and Slovak people in the war, and the political and military events that resulted in the constitution of the independent Czechoslovak Republic. The second section is dedicated to the Czechoslovak republic and its armed forces between the world wars, and the third section maps the period of the II. World War, and the involvement of the Czech and Slovak people in the military operations, home resistance and other events aimed at restoring the independence of Czechoslovakia. In addition to weapons, the exhibitions show many unique uniforms, banners, marks of distinction, and also personal memorabilia of the Czechoslovak presidents and leading army representatives.
Operation Anthropoid Memorial
Památník Operace Anthropoid, 182 00 Praha 8, Češka republika
The Operation Anthropoid Memorial is a memorial in Prague that commemorates Operation Anthropoid, the code name refers to the assassination of senior Nazi official Reinhard Heydrich by Czechoslovakian partisans on 27 May 1942.
Syrmian Front
Adaševci, Vojvodina
The Syrmian Front saw some of the most difficult fighting in Yugoslavia in II. World War. It lasted for almost six months. As the bulk of the Red Army involved in the Belgrade operation continued their offensive in Hungary, the Yugoslav Army, accustomed to guerrilla warfare in the mountainous terrain of the Dinaric Alps, remained to fight the entrenched front line heavily contested by the Axis on the flat ground of the Pannonian plain. Young men from Vojvodina and Central Serbia, many from freshly liberated regions, were drafted en masse and sent to the front, and the amount of training they received and their casualty levels remain in dispute. Although mostly stationary, the front moved several times, generally westward, as the Axis forces were pushed back. The fighting started east of Ruma and stabilized in January 1945 west of Šid after the town changed hands due to Axis counterattacks. In late March and early April 1945, Yugoslav Army units mounted a general offensive on all fronts. The Yugoslav First Army, commanded by Peko Dapčević, broke through German XXXIV Corps defenses in Syrmia on 12 April, quickly capturing the cities of Vukovar, Vinkovci, and Županja, and enabling further advances through Slavonia toward Slavonski Brod and Zagreb in the last month of the war.
Belgrade – Military Museum
Vojni Muzej, Beograd
The Belgrade Military Museum is intended on the military history of Serbia, since Antiquity until the civil war in 90. years of 20th century. A large number of tanks, armored vehicles, and artillery, they are all a part of outside exhibition.
Belgrade – Museum of Aviation
Airport Nikola Tesla Belgrade, Beograd
The Museum of Aviation was founded in 1957 in Belgrade. It is located adjacent to Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport, with 6.000 m2 (1,2 acre) of exhibition space. It owns over 200 aircraft previously operated by the Yugoslav Air Force, Serbian Air Force, and others, as well as aircraft previously flown by several civil airliners and private flying clubs. The museum also displays wreckage of a downed USAF F-117 Nighthawk and F-16 Fighting Falcon, both shot down during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999.
Military Museum of Slovenian Armed Forces
15 Engelsova ulica, Maribor, Slovenija
The Military Museum collects, documents, preserves, studies, examines and presents museum material related to the life and work of the Slovenian army. The Museum portrays different historical periods that shaped the present image of Slovenia, its inhabitants, and army. It also monitors and documents the Slovenian army development. Collections include museum objects, archive and library material, visual artworks, videothequeunit, and photographs.
Memorial Room in Topolšica
54 Ljubljanska cesta, Velenje, Slovenija
A memorial room in Topolšica is consecrated to the signing of one of four partial capitulations of the German army. With this document the II. World War ended for the Slovenians. A memorial room that represents partial German capitulation of the army troop E and German forces in southeast Europe. It was signed by General Aleksander Löhr. You can see a short film about the events occurring in these parts in May 1945. Behind the glass wall is a reconstruction of the signing of capitulation that was one of the most important events on our territory during the II. World War. One of the main curiosities of the collection is also a gun of general Löhr that was confiscated only a few days after the signing.
Teharje Camp
Teharje, Celje, Slovenija
Teharje camp was a prison camp near Teharje, Slovenia, during the II. World War, organized by Nazi Germany and used after the war by the Partisans. In 1943, Nazi forces built a military camp for approximately 500 people in Teharje, including six residential barracks and ten other buildings. Towards the end of the war, Nazis used the camp to hold prisoners that had participated in the defense of the city Celje, and the camp was abandoned for a short time after the war. The camp was reactivated by the Yugoslav communists at the end of May 1945 to accommodate former members of the Slovene Home Guard and others that had collaborated with the Germans, as well as civilians that had fled before the advancing Yugoslav People's Army to Allied camps in Austrian Carinthia. On 31 May 1945, the entire 2nd Assault Battalion headed by Vuk Rupnik was brought to Teharje, the battalion was known by the name Rupnik's battalion. In the first days of June 1945, approximately 3.000 members of the Slovene Home Guard joined them. It is estimated that the postwar authorities executed approximately 5.000 internees of Teharje without trial during the first month or two after the II. World War ended in Europe.
Mauthausen Ljubelj Concentration Camp
Podljubelj 310, 4290 Tržič, Slovenija
National Liberation Struggle Memorial
Cvibelj, Žužemberk, Novo mesto, Slovenija
Memorial with a tomb in which are buried the mortal remains of those who fell. The memorial was built in memory 1140 Partisans, who fell in a battle for Suha Krajina. Around the monument are the public announcements of the executions of some 667 people who were condemned to death by the German forces. The memorial as well pays tribute for foreigners, who fought in Slovene National Liberation Struggle. The memorial was built 1961 and is a work of Marjana Tepine. Large spherical bronze memorial where are photos of a group of people.
Rupnik Line
2 Tabor, Žiri, Slovenija
Rupnik Line named after the Slovene general in the Yugoslav army, Leon Rupnik, was a line of fortifications and weapons installations that Yugoslavia constructed along its terrestrial western and northern border. The construction of the line was a safety measure taken in order to counter the construction of Alpine Wall, a line built by the bordering country Italy, as well as against imposing danger of a German invasion. Yugoslavia's Rupnik line was inspired by various other fortification systems built along borders. It was established to provide good positions to enforce the existing border, as well as to repel a potential invasion. Although there were troops manning the fortifications at its peak, the line was never used to full potential, as it was largely unprepared and abandoned by the time Yugoslavia was invaded in April 1941 by Italy, Germany, and Hungary.
Trail of Remembrance and Comradeship Ljubljana
Pot spominov in tovarištva, Ljubljana, Slovenija
The Trail of Remembrance and Comradeship also referred to as the Trail Along the Wire, is a gravel-paved recreational and memorial walkway almost 33 km (21 mi) long and 4 m (13 ft) wide around the city of Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia. The walkway leads past Koseze Pond and across the Golovec Hill. During II. World War, the Province of Ljubljana, annexed by Fascist Italy, was subjected to brutal repression after the emergence of resistance and the Italian forces erected a barbed wire fence around Ljubljana in order to prevent communication between the city's underground Liberation Front activists in Ljubljana and the Slovene Partisans in the surrounding countryside. The trail was built since 1974 and it was completed in 1985. It is marked by signposts, information boards with the map of the trail, plaques, and metal markers, as well as signposts at the turn-offs. One hundred and two octagonal memorial stones have been installed at the former positions of the bunkers. Along the green area adjacent to it, 7.400 trees of 49 tree species have been planted. Since 1988, it has been protected as a designed nature monument.
Pohorje Battalion
Lukanja 19, 2317 Oplotnica, Slovenija
The battlefield of Pohorje Battalion is located at "Three Nails", 30 minutes on a footpath from Osankarica home. At "Three Nails" there is a main local and municipal monument from the National Liberation Struggle when on this spot fell whole Pohorje Battalion. The Osankarica home has a museum collection in its extension, an exhibition named "Partisan Pohorje". It presents developments in the wider area of the Pohorje mountain range, the cradle of partisan resistance in Štajerska during the Second World War. Special attention is paid to the last standby fighters of the Pohorje Battalion at Osankarica on 8 January 1943. After fighting overwhelmingly superior German forces for two and a half hours, 69 fighters, including women, lost their lives. Only one partisan was captured alive by the Germans and he was later shot as a hostage. The Pohorje Battalion became a legend in the resistance of the Slovenes against the occupation.
Park of Military History Pivka
Park vojaške zgodovine, Kolodvorska cesta, Pivka, Slovenija
The Park of Military History in Pivka, Slovenia, is a museum and adventure center, which is located in a former Italian barracks. An exhibition is composed of tanks and artillery collection. It also includes the Italian fortress on Rapallo border.
Museum of Hostages
Katzenstein - Begunjski grad, Begunje na Gorenjskem, Slovenija
Museum of Hostages in an idyllic village named Begunje, in Gorenjska Region, Slovenia, is a reminder of the horrors of II. World War. The mighty Katzenstein Castle in the middle of the settlement served as a Gestapo prison during the time of Nazi occupation. A part of the former prison cells in the extension of the castle has been converted into a memorial museum, nearby in a park, near village Draga, there is a mass grave of hostages.
National Liberation Museum Maribor
Muzej narodne osvoboditve Maribor, Maribor, Slovenija
The Museum of National Liberation of Maribor has been functioning as an autonomous museum since 1958. It is a historical museum dealing primarily with museological and historiographical analyses of the recent history of the North-Eastern parts of Slovenia. The new collection will present the major turning points of the 20th century – I. and II. World War, Independence War, lives of local inhabitants, the misery of simple people whose lives, though residing in the same city, were totally different from those of the wealthier classes.
Lokev Military Museum
Vojaški muzej Tabor, Lokev, Slovenija
The Lokev Military Museum represents the biggest private collection this sort in Europe. All the artifacts are unique. The most interesting artifacts are military uniforms, among which stands out an artfully red uniform from the period of Maria Theresa and the uniform of Svetozar Barojevič the general of the Soča front. One of the few instances has a special place a sword with a gold handle, such as Adolf Hitler giving its officers for special merits. It is preserved only 11 such swords. Also one of the rarest artifacts is a child's gas mask and a soap from the Dachau concentration camp.
National Museum of Contemporary History Ljubljana
Muzej novejše zgodovine Slovenije, Celovška cesta, Ljubljana, Slovenija
The Museum of Contemporary History in Slovenia is a national museum, dedicated to heritage of contemporary history from the start of the 20th century until today. The museum's collections from the I. and the II. World War, collections from an era between the wars, an era of communism and about the liberated country of Slovenia.
Šeškov Home
šeškov dom kočevje
Šeškov home is an important monumental building even from the pre-war era. During the II. World War here was the first Assembly of the emissaries of the Slovene nation in the building, from 1 till 4 October 1943. They were the first directly elected representation of an occupied nation in Europe during II. World War. The assembly was the largest political gathering during the national liberation war and with its declarative rather that constitutional meaning it is an important cornerstone in the development of the national liberation fight on Slovene territory. The assembly was captured in the paintings by Božidar Jakec. The collection is exhibited in a hall and it means a unique show of historical events.
Commander Stane
41 Spodnje Pirniče, Slovenija
Franc Rozman, with the Partisan name Stane or Stane Mlinar, was a Slovene Partisan commander in II. World War. He was one of the most important actors of National Liberation Struggle. After his death he became a national hero, there is a song to honor him, a lot of elementary schools are named after him, also the barracks was named in his honor: The Barracks of Franc Rozman - Stane.
Battle of Dražgoše
Dražgoše, Škofja Loka, Slovenija
The Battle of Dražgoše was the II. World War battle between the Slovene Partisans and Nazi Germany armed forces, which took place between 9 January and 11 January 1942, in the village of Dražgoše, Slovenia. This battle was the first direct confrontation between the two. Fighting (both numerically and equipment-wise) vastly superior Germans the Partisan Cankar Battalion (numbering 240 combatants) suffered eight casualties throughout the entire battle. German forces suffered 26 casualties according to German documents. After three days of fighting, the Partisans were forced to leave the village. After the battle, the Partisans were pursued and killed by the Germans. More recent publications have cast the events in a different light, stating that the Partisans selected Dražgoše as a scene to challenge the German forces. On the one hand, the Battle of Dražgoše was lauded as a heroic act of defiance during the Communist era. It was also highly praised after Slovenia declared independence and introduced democracy.
Gestapo Prison in Dravograd
7 Trg 4. julija, Slovenija
A museum collection is on display in the cellar of the Dravograd municipal building, depicting the horrors of the Gestapo based in Dravograd during II. World War. The imprisoned partisans, their associates, and supporters, as well as mere suspects, were brutally tortured there, and some even died as a result. The survivors were shot as hostages in nearby forests or transported to concentration camps. Several houses and farm buildings were burnt down in the Dravograd area, with the locals killed or burnt alive.
The Gorge Dovžanova Soteska
Dovžanova soteska, Čadovlje pri Tržiču, Tržič, Slovenija
Partisan techniques were secret printeries, that reproduced partisan journal. In the year 1942, they start working in Gorenjska region. They print, radio reports, leaflets with slogans, flyers and other propaganda material. The Partisan techniques Carinthian partisan detachment has issued a journal of Gorenjska Partisan Detachment named Goremkslo Partisan. The Partisan press played an important role in the fight against occupation. It encouraged the population to join forces of the National Liberation Struggle.
Dolenjska Museum
Dolenjski muzej Novo mesto, Novo mesto, Slovenija
The Museum of Dolenjska’s permanent contemporary history exhibition was set up in 1981. The exhibition covers the time from the first organized proletarian activity before II. World War to the liberation of Novo mesto on 8 May 1945, with the main focus on the activities during the war, the National Liberation Struggle in this part of Slovenia. An extra feature of the exhibition is photo albums and the memorial hall with the names of almost 3.000 fallen partisans, activists, and victims of the occupation from the inner Dolenjska area. The venue of the exhibition is one of the few museum buildings that were built specifically for that purpose in Slovenia after II. World War.
Exile Museum Bučka
2 Bučka, Slovenija
On the premises of the Culture House in Bučka village, there is a memorial room in the local collection of materials on the expulsion of its inhabitants during the war in Yugoslavia from 1941 to 1945. The exhibition shows moments of despair when people are leaving their homes, their stay in the German concentration camps and happy returns to the home village. A number of documents, letters, postcards, maps and some items that are used by people in exile, are on display. Also, the museum has a memorial book of testimonies of those who survived the horrors of the German concentration camps. Also, it displays collected works that describe the happenings during II. World War.
The Pauček Partisan Hospital
Legen, Slovenija
The covert partisan hospital complex comprised six units and was being built on the western Pohorje Hills from April 1944 until the end of the war by Dr. Ivan Kopač – Pauček (1916–1988), a partisan doctor, with the help of local activists, partisans, and the Liberation Front associates. Around 300 wounded people were treated in the hospital units. Despite German strongholds in the valley and numerous field searches, the occupation forces never found the hospital units. The preserved hospital unit with the secret name of Trška Gora in Legen, 10 kilometers (6 miles) from Slovenj Gradec, is a cultural monument of national importance.
The Jesen Partisan Hospital
29 Veliko Tinje, Slovenija
The Jesen Partisan Hospital is the only renovated partisan hospital on the eastern Pohorje. In the second half of October 1944, they started to build the hospital, that is how the hospital got the name Jesen, which means Autumn. The first wounded were taken care on the 6. January 1945. Those were the fighters of Šercerjeve brigade. The transfer of the wounded to the hospital was very tough because they have to take the victims over long distances and cover the tracks so that the enemy would not find them. The hospital has preserved documents showing that 25 wounded were treated there. According to the statements of the medical team, there were many more patients. At the end of May 1945, they left the hospital and the wounded were transferred to a military hospital in the Maribor Gosposvetska road.
The Franja Partisan Hospital
Partizanska bolnica Franja, Dolenji Novaki, Slovenija
The Franja Partisan Hospital was a secret II. World War hospital at the Dolenji Novaki near Cerkno. It was run by the Slovene Partisans from December 1943 until the end of the war as part of a broadly organized resistance movement against the Fascist and Nazi occupying forces. Built in difficult and rugged terrain in the remote Pasica Gorge. The hospital was located deep inside German-occupied Europe, only a few hours from Austria and the central parts of the Third Reich. German military activity was frequent in the general region throughout the operation of the hospital. The hospital's entrance was hidden in the forest, and the hospital could only be reached by bridges. The bridges could be retracted if the enemy was in the vicinity. In order to preserve the secrecy necessary for a clandestine hospital to operate, the patients were blindfolded during transportation to the facility. The hospital was named after its manager and physician, Franja Bojc Bidovec, who began working there in February 1944. Extremely well equipped for a clandestine partisan operation, the hospital remained intact until the end of the war. It was designed to provide treatment to as many as 120 patients at a time. Most of its patients were wounded anti-Nazi resistance fighters, who could not go to regular hospitals because they would be arrested. Among its patients were many nationalities, including one wounded German enemy soldier who, after being treated, remained in the hospital as a member of the hospital staff. The hospital operated until 5 May 1945. It became a part of the Cerkno Museum in 1963. In 1997, an American Association of Air Force Veterans issued an award to Franja Hospital for saving and treating downed American pilot Harold Adams.
The Bela Krajina Museum
Belokranjski muzej Metlika, Metlika, Slovenija
The Bela Krajina Museum is located in Metlika Castle. The collection recalls important events in the first half of the 20th century. At the turn of the century, though economic conditions forced thousands of Bela Krajina people to emigrate in different countries, most of them in the United States of America. In former Yugoslavia, Bela Krajina was only slowly picking from backwardness. There was no industry, there was just a few craft workshops and coal mine Kanižarica. On the outbreak of II. World War Bela Krajina fell into the Italian occupation zone. After the capitulation of Italy in 1943, the area between the Kolpa river and Gorjanci mountains became a free partisan territory, this was a unique phenomenon, not only in the II. World War, but also in the entire history of warfare.
Base 20 Memorial Site
baza 20 kočevski rog
Near a village Dolenjske Toplice between karst doline and densely planted pine trees, the National Liberation Movement hid the partisan hospitals, printer shops, and workshops. They chose the location for the Command Headquarters of National Liberation Movement. The Base 20 was the main base of Central Commission Communistic Party of Slovenia and Executive Committee Liberation Front during II. World War in Kočevski Rog, from 1942 until 1944.
German Army Cemetery in Hunkovce
Hunkovce, Slovaška
The town Hunkovce is located near the main road across the Dukla Pass. It has a German II. World War cemetery, the place of the last rest for more than 3,000 German soldiers who died between 1944-45.
Memorial and Cemetery of Soviet Soldiers
Čsl. armády 364/7, 089 01 Svidník, Slovaška
Memorial and Cemetery of Soviet Soldiers in Svidnik, stands on a hill near the Battle of Dukla Museum. It is dedicated in honor the deaths of Russian soldiers during the Battle of Dukla in autumn 1944.
Memorial and Cemetery of Czech and Slovak Soldiers
Čsl. armády 364/7, 089 01 Svidník, Slovaška
Memorial and Cemetery of Czech and Slovak Soldiers is located on the main road across Dukla pass on the Polish-Slovakian border. Nearby is also a cemetery 563 soldiers of 1st Czechoslovak army.
Dukla Observation Tower
Dukla Observation Tower
The Observation Tower was built on the altitude 655 in the original place as the commander's observation post of General Ludvik Svoboda celebrating the 30th anniversary of Carpathian-Dukla Operation. It is 49 m high and was built on the site of an original wooden observation tower.
Open-Air Army Museum
Svidnik Open-Air Army Museum, Bardejovská, Svidník, Slovaška
The Dukla Pass is a strategically significant mountain pass in the Laborec Highlands of the Outer Eastern Carpathians, on the border between Poland and Slovakia. Today a peaceful rural area on the Slovak-Polish border, the Dukla Mountain Pass witnessed one of the biggest and most bloody battles of II. World War on the Eastern Front - The Battle of Dukla Pass, officially known as the “Carpathian Operation”. Three months after the Allies landed in Normandy, on the other side of Europe burst a frantic battle between the Soviet Red Army supported by the Czechoslovak Corps and the defending German and Hungarian forces fortified in the Carpathian Mountains on the Slovak-Polish border. In a small town of Svidnik, there is an open-air museum. Here you will touch and see war machines, cannons, and vehicles, with most interesting exhibits being the Soviet Katyusha rocket launcher, the tank T 34, the German armored carrier D-7, the soviet infantry mortar M-13 and the soviet transport airplane.
Valley of Death, Battle of Dukla Pass
Dukla Pass, Dukla, Poljska
The Valley of Death is located in the Dukla Pass just outside the village of Svidnik in the northeastern corner of Slovakia. In this valley several tanks and other remains from one of the great tank battles of II. World War, the Battle of the Dukla Pass, can still be seen. Some of the tanks are left almost where they stopped during the battle, while other have been turned into monuments. Most of the tanks are Russian model T-34.
Museum of the Defense and Siege of Leningrad
Museum of the Defense and Siege of Leningrad
This small but extremely moving museum commemorates perhaps the most harrowing period of the city's history, the 900-day Blockade of Leningrad which lasted from 8 September 1941 to 17 January 1944. For two-and-a-half years, the citizens of Leningrad suffered chronic privations and constant bombardment. Although the precarious Road of Life brought supplies across the ice of Lake Ladoga in the winter months, the food was woefully short, fuel was scarce in winter, and in summer the dire state of sanitation spread disease at epidemic levels. In all, over 700.000 civilians died during the Blockade. Their sacrifice and the extraordinary endurance of the survivors is etched on the conscience of the city, a source of immense pride and profound sorrow.
Central Museum of Armored Vehicles
Central Museum of armored vehicles, Moskovska, Rusija
The Kubinka Tank Museum is a military museum in Kubinka, near Moscow. The museum consists of open-air and indoor permanent exhibitions of many famous tanks and armored vehicles. It is also known to house and display many unique and one-of-a-kind military vehicles, such as the Nazi German Panzer VIII Maus super-heavy tank, the Troyanov heavy tank and a Karl-Gerät heavy self-propelled artillery, amongst other single or limited-production prototypes from the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany.
Monument to Heroic Defenders of Leningrad
Monument to Heroic Defenders of Leningrad, ploshchad' Pobedy, Sankt Peterburg, Rusija
The Memorial to Heroic Defenders of Leningrad on Victory Square was unveiled solemnly on Victory Day: 9th May 1975. To commemorate the heroic efforts of the residents of Leningrad and the soldiers on the Leningrad Front to the repel the Nazis in the 900-day Siege of Leningrad during II. World War. Leningrad was never occupied by Germans.
Road of Life Museum
Kokkorevo, oblast Leningrad, Russia
The Road of Life was the ice road winter transport route across the frozen Lake Ladoga, which provided the only access to the besieged city of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) while the perimeter in the siege was maintained by the German Army Group North and the Finnish Defence Forces. The siege lasted from 8 September 1941 to 27 January 1944. Over one million citizens of Leningrad died from starvation, stress, exposure and bombardments. In addition to transporting thousands of tons of munitions and food supplies each year, the Road of Life also served as the primary evacuation route for the millions of Soviets trapped within the starving city. The road today forms part of the World Heritage Site.
Moscow Red Square
Red Square, Moscow, Rusija
Red Square is a city square in Moscow, Russia. The square itself is around 330 meters (1,080 feet) long and 70 meters (230 feet) wide, It separates the Kremlin, the former royal citadel and currently the official residence of the President of Russia, from a historic merchant quarter known as Kitai-gorod. The Kremlin and Red square were together recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1990. During the Soviet era, Red Square maintained its significance, becoming a focal point for the new state. Besides being the official address of the Soviet government, it was renowned as a showcase for military parades from 1919 onward. Lenin's Mausoleum would from 1924 onward be a part of the square complex, and also as the grandstand for important dignitaries in all national celebrations. In the 1930s, Kazan Cathedral and Iverskaya Chapel with the Resurrection Gates were demolished to make room for heavy military vehicles driving through the square. The buildings surrounding the Square are all significant in some respect. Nearby is a memorial for all fallen soldiers during the II. World War with an eternal flame, along the wall of the Kremlin, are ceramic cubes filled with the soil of Soviet cities Heroes.
Central Naval Museum
Central Naval Museum, Sankt Peterburg, Rusija
Central Naval Museum is a naval museum in St. Petersburg. It is one of the first museums in Russia and one of the world’s largest naval museums, with a large collection of artifacts, models, and paintings reflecting the development of Russian naval traditions and the history of the Russian Navy. During the three centuries of its existence, the museum has collected more than 700.000 objects that reflect the most important events in the history of the fleet. There are over 13.000 items of naval equipment, 11.000 weapons and firearms, 62.000 works of art, 56.000 uniforms, awards and decorations, flags and banners, and 44.000 documents and manuscripts, together with around 300,000 photographs and negatives, and sheets of drawings. The museum has one of the world's richest collections of model ships, about 2,000 models, covering the history of Russian and foreign military shipbuilding.
Piskaryovskoye Memorial Cemetery
Piskaryovskoye Memorial Cemetery
The memorial complex was opened on 9 May 1960. About 420.000 civilians and 50.000 soldiers of the Leningrad Front (now St. Petersburg) were buried in 186 mass graves. Near the entrance, an eternal flame is located. A marble plate affirms that from 4 September 1941 to 22 January 1944 107.158 air bombs were dropped on the city, 148.478 shells were fired, 16.744 men died, 33.782 were wounded and 641.803 inhabitants died of starvation.
Museum of the Great Patriotic War
пл. Победы, 3, Moskva, Rusija, 121096
The Museum of the Great Patriotic War is a history museum located in Moscow at Poklonnaya Gora. The museum features exhibits and memorials concerning II. World War, known in Russia as "The Great Patriotic War". In the center of the museum is the Hall of Glory, a white marble room which features the names of over 11.800 of the recipients of the Hero of the Soviet Union distinction. A large bronze sculpture, the "Soldier of Victory," stands in the center of this hall. The upper floors feature numerous exhibits about the war, including dioramas depicting major battles, photographs of wartime activities, weapons and munitions, uniforms, awards, newsreels, letters from the battlefront, and model aircraft. In addition, the museum maintains an electronic "memory book" which attempts to record the name and fate of every Russian soldier who died in II. World War. The museum is set in Victory Park, a 2,424-hectare park on Poklonnaya Hill. The park features a large, paved plaza, fountains, and open space where military vehicles, cannons, and other apparatus from II. World War are displayed.
The Central Armed Forces Museum
The Central Armed Forces Museum
The Central Armed Forces Museum also is known as the Museum of the Soviet Army, is located in northern Moscow. Over its history the museum has managed to accumulate the most prominent and important military relics of the Soviet period, creating a record of its military past. In total, more than seven hundred thousand individual exhibits are now stored at the museum. The most valuable are displayed in the 25 halls of the main building. The period of the Russian Civil War includes a photocopy of the original decree outlining the creation of the RKKA which includes Lenin's corrections; a banner of the 195th infantry regiment into which Lenin was officially conscripted; weapons, documents, awards and personal belongings of famous Red Army men. The most prized display is that dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, which includes the Victory Banner as well as all of the front banners and the captured Nazi ones that were used during the Victory Parade in 1945. The Great Patriotic War differs from II. World War in that it began on 22 July 1941 with the German invasion of the Soviet Union. II. World War started on 1 September 1939 with the co-ordinated attacks on Germany and the Soviet Union on Poland. Part of the Great Patriotic War section is devoted to the Soviet Union's allies on the Western Front. There are examples of Soviet propaganda posters depicting Germany being crushed between the two fronts and maps of the Allied advance from Normandy into Germany. British and American small arms and uniforms are displayed. The last halls display the post-war and modern developments of the Soviet Army and Navy, the Cold War section contains wreckage from the U-2 spy-plane that was piloted by Gary Powers and the involvement of Soviet forces in Cold War conflicts. A special display is dedicated to the Soviet involvement in Afghanistan and recent combat operations in Chechnya.
The State Museum of the Defence of Moscow
Muzey oborony Moskvy, Moskva, Rusija
The State Museum of the Defence of Moscow was founded on 25 December 1979. It is located in the immediate vicinity of the site of the former villages Troparevo-Nikulino, where was in October-November 1941 a defensive line of the Moscow volunteer division. The main goal is to reenact the battle of Moscow as an intense historical event through the perception the ones involves and victims. It shows their sacrifice and heroic actions.
Museum of Artillery St. Petersburg
Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Signals, Sankt Peterburg, Rusija
Artillery Museum is a state-owned military museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Its collections, consisting of Russian military equipment, uniforms, and decorations, are hosted in the Kronverk of the Peter and Paul Fortress situated on the right bank of the Neva near Alexander Park.
Mayakovskaya Moscow Metro Station
Mayakovskaya, Triumfalnaya Square, Moscow, Rusija
Mayakovskaya is a Moscow Metro station. Considered to be one of the most beautiful in the system, it is a fine example of pre-II. World War Stalinist Architecture and one of the most famous Metro stations in the world. Located 33 meters beneath the surface, the station became famous during II. World War when an air raid shelter was located in the station. On the anniversary of the October Revolution, on 7 November 1941, Joseph Stalin addressed a mass assembly of party leaders and ordinary Muscovites in the central hall of the station. During II. World War, Stalin took residence in this place.
Cruiser Aurora
Cruiser Aurora, Petrogradskaya embankment, Sankt Peterburg, Rusija
Aurora is a 1900 Russian protected cruiser, currently preserved as a museum ship in St. Petersburg. During the II. World War, the guns were taken from the ship and used in the land defense of Leningrad. The ship herself was docked in Oranienbaum port and was repeatedly shelled and bombed. On 30 September 1941, she was damaged and sunk in the harbor. In 1957 she became a museum ship.
The Moscow Kremlin
The Moscow Kremlin, Moskva, Rusija
The Moscow Kremlin usually referred to as the Kremlin, is a fortified complex at the heart of Moscow, overlooking the Moskva River to the south, Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square to the east, and the Alexander Garden to the west. It is the best known of the kremlins, Russian citadels and includes five palaces, four cathedrals, and the enclosing Kremlin Wall with Kremlin towers. Also within this complex is the Grand Kremlin Palace. The complex serves as the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation. The Soviet government moved from Petrograd to Moscow on 12 March 1918. Vladimir Lenin selected the Kremlin Senate as his residence. Joseph Stalin also had his personal rooms in the Kremlin. He was eager to remove all the "relics of the tsarist regime" from his headquarters. Golden eagles on the towers were replaced by shining Kremlin stars, while the wall near Lenin's Mausoleum was turned into the Kremlin Wall Necropolis. From three entrance doors, only one serves as an entrance for visitors.
National Military Museum Bucharest
National Military Museum, Strada Mircea Vulcănescu, Bucharest, Romunija
The National Military Museum in Bucharest, Romania, is one of the main historical museums in Romania. With its chronological rundown of how the country defended itself through the history from country's beginning until today. The museum shows us the most important battles for independents and freedom in Romanian history. It includes army documents, trophies and a great collection of firearms, including artillery, tanks, and air crafts.
Galicia Jewish Museum
Galicia Jewish Museum, Dajwór, Krakov, Poljska
Jewish Historical Institute
Jewish Historical Institute, Tłomackie, Varšava, Poljska
The Jewish Historical Institute was created in 1947 as a continuation of the Central Jewish Historical Commission. Primarily dealing with the history of Jews in Poland. The institute is a repository of documentary materials relating to the Jewish historical presence in Poland. It is also a center for academic research, study and the dissemination of knowledge about the history and culture of Polish Jewry. The most valuable part of the collection is the Warsaw Ghetto Archive, known as the Ringelblum Archive. It contains about 6.000 documents, about 30.000 individual pieces of paper. Other important collections concerning II. World War include testimonies (mainly of Jewish survivors of the Holocaust), memoirs and diaries, documentation of the Joint and Jewish Self-Help, and documents from the Jewish Councils. The section on the documentation of Jewish historical sites holds about 40 thousand photographs concerning Jewish life and culture in Poland.
Museum of Independence
Museum of Independence, aleja Solidarności, Varšava, Poljska
Pawiak was a prison built in 1835 in Warsaw, Poland. The Pawiak prison got the name after aa street named Pawia, which in polish means "Peacock Street". Following the German invasion of Poland in 1939 it was turned into a German Gestapo prison, and then part of the Nazi extermination camp system. Approximately 100.000 men and 200.000 women passed through the prison, mostly members of the Armia Krajowa, political prisoners and civilians taken as hostages in street round-ups. An estimated 37.000 were executed and 60.000 sent to German death and concentration camps. On August 21 an unknown number of remaining prisoners were shot and the buildings burned and blown up by the Nazis.
Underground Szczecin
Kolumba 1/16, Szczecin, Poljska
The shelter was built by the Germans in 1941 as an anti-aircraft shelter for civilians. Shelter is 5 floor deep. Its ferroconcrete walls are 3 meters thick, a ceiling is 2,80 meters thick. The longest corridor is about 100 meters long. The total surface of shelter is 2.500 m2 and 1.900 m2 useful surface. There was enough space for 5.000 inhabitants. After the war, the shelter could be used as a nuclear shelter.
Wolf’s Lair
Wolf's Lair, Kętrzyn, Poljska
Wolf's Lair was Adolf Hitler's first Eastern Front military headquarters in II. World War. The complex, which would become one of Führer Headquarters. It was built for the start of Operation Barbarossa (Invasion of Soviet Union) in 1941. Despite the security, the most notable assassination attempt against Hitler was made at Wolf's Lair on 20 July 1944. In the summer of 1944, work began to enlarge and reinforce many of the Wolf's Lair original buildings. However, the work was never completed because of the rapid advance of the Red Army during the Baltic Offensive in autumn 1944. On 25 January 1945, the complex was blown up and abandoned 48 hours before the arrival of Soviet forces.
Westerplatte
Westerplatte, Gdansk, Poljska
The Battle of Westerplatte was the first battle in the Invasion of Poland and marked the start of the II. World War in Europe. Beginning on 1 September 1939, German naval forces and soldiers and Danzig police assaulted the Polish Military Transit Depot on the peninsula of Westerplatte, in the harbor of the Free City of Danzig. The site is one of Poland's official national Historic Monuments.
Lubuskie War Museum
Lubuskie Muzeum Wojskowe, Świdnica, Poljska
Lubuskie War Museum has an enormous collection polish war gear from II. World War. The collection includes more than 30 airplanes/helicopters and more than 100 pieces heavy army gear as tanks, rocket systems, guns, etc. Museum also has a collection of old handguns and uniforms.
Warsaw Memorial Route of Jewish Martyrdom and Struggle
Zamenhofa 10, Warszawa, Poljska
The Memorial Route of Jewish Martyrdom and Struggle in Warsaw is located the Muranów district to commemorate people, events and places of the Warsaw Ghetto during the German occupation of Poland.
Warsaw Museum of The Polish Army
Museum of the Polish Army, Aleje Jerozolimskie, Varšava, Poljska
Museum of the Polish Army is a museum in Warsaw documenting the military aspects of the history of Poland. It occupies a wing of the building of the Polish National Museum. It's Warsaw's second largest museum and the largest collection of military objects in Poland. The collection illustrates a thousand years of Polish military history - from the 10th century to the II. World War.
Warsaw Uprising Museum
Warsaw Uprising Museum, Grzybowska, Varšava, Poljska
The Warsaw Uprising was a major II. World War operation by the Polish resistance Home Army to liberate Warsaw from German occupation. The uprising was timed to coincide with the Soviet Union's Red Army approaching the eastern suburbs of the city and the retreat of German forces. However, the Soviet advance stopped short, enabling the Germans to regroup and demolish the city while defeating the Polish resistance, which fought for 63 days with little outside support. The Uprising was the largest single military effort taken by any European resistance movement during II. World War. The Uprising began on 1 August 1944, as part of a nationwide plan, Operation Tempest, when the Soviet Army approached Warsaw. The main Polish objectives were to drive the German occupiers from the city and help with the larger fight against Germany and the Axis powers. Secondary political objectives were to liberate Warsaw before the Soviets, to underscore Polish sovereignty by empowering the Polish Underground State before the Soviet-backed Polish Committee of National Liberation could assume control.
Warsaw Ghetto
Warsaw Ghetto Street, Ramla, Izrael
The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest of all the Jewish ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe during II. World War. It was established in the Muranów neighborhood of the Polish capital between October and 16 November 1940, within the new General Government territory of German-occupied Poland. There were over 400.000 Jews imprisoned there, at an area of 3,4 km2 (1,3 sq mi). Mass deportations started in the summer of 1942. Earlier that year, during the Wannsee Conference, the Final Solution was set in motion. About 254.000 Warsaw Ghetto inmates were sent to Treblinka to be murdered.
Treblinka Extermination Camp
Muzeum Walki i Męczeństwa w Treblince, Kosów Lacki, Poljska
Treblinka was an extermination camp, built by Nazis in occupied Poland during II. World War. The camp operated between 23 July 1942 and 19 October 1943 as part of Operation Reinhard, the deadliest phase of the Final Solution. During this time, it is estimated that around 800.000 Jews were killed.
Stutthof Concentration Camp
Muzeum Stutthof, Muzealna, Sztutowo, Poljska
Stutthof was a German concentration camp built in a secluded, wet, and wooded area near the small town of Stutthof, 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Gdańsk. Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders, in operation from 2 September 1939, and the last camp liberated by the Allies on 9 May 1945. More than 85.000 victims died in the camp out of as many as 110.000 inmates deported there.
Sobibór Extermination Camp
Muzeum Byłego Obozu Zagłady w Sobiborze, Włodawa, Poljska
Sobibór was a Nazi extermination camp located on the outskirts of the village of Sobibór. Its official German name was SS-Sonderkommando Sobibór. Jews from Poland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union, as well as few not-Jewish Soviet prisoners-of-war, were transported to Sobibór by rail. Most were suffocated in gas chambers fed by the exhaust of a large petrol engine. Up to 200.000 people were murdered at Sobibór.
Majdanek Concentration Camp
The State Museum of Majdanek, Lublin, Poljska
Majdanek or KL Lublin was a Nazi German Extermination camp established on the outskirts of the city of Lublin during the German occupation of Poland in II. World War. Although initially proposed for forced labor rather than extermination, the camp was used to kill people on an industrial scale during Operation Reinhard, the German plan to murder all Jews within their own General Government territory of Poland.
Gross-Rosen Concentration Camp
Muzeum Gross-Rosen w Rogoźnicy, Rogoźnica, Poljska
Gross-Rosen concentration camp was a Nazi German network of Nazi concentration camps built and operated during II. World War. The main camp was located in the village of Gross-Rosen not far from the border with occupied Poland, in the modern-day Rogoźnica in Poland directly on the rail line between the towns of Jawor and Strzegom. At its peak activity in 1944, the Gross-Rosen complex had up to 100 subcamps located in eastern Germany, Czechoslovakia, and on the territory of occupied Poland. The population of all Gross-Rosen camps at that time accounted for 11% of the total number of inmates trapped in the Nazi concentration camp system.
Chełmno Extermination Camp
Chełmno 59A, 62-660 Chełmno, Poljska
Chełmno extermination camp built during II World War, was a Nazi German extermination camp situated 50 kilometers (31 mi) north of the metropolitan city of Łódź, near the Polish village of Chełmno nad Nerem. Following the invasion of Poland in 1939, Germany annexed the area into the new territory of Reichsgau Wartheland, aiming at its complete "Germanization", the camp was set up specifically to carry out ethnic cleansing through mass killings. It operated from 8 December 1941 parallel to Operation Reinhard during the most deadly phase of the Holocaust, and again from 23 June 1944 to 18 January 1945 during the Soviet counter-offensive. Polish Jews of the Łódź Ghetto and the local inhabitants of Reichsgau Wartheland (Warthegau) were exterminated there. In 1943 modifications were made to the camp's killing methods because the reception building was already dismantled. At a very minimum 152.000 people were killed in the camp, though the West German prosecution, citing Nazi figures during the Chełmno trials of 1962–65, laid charges for at least 180.000 victims. The Polish official estimates, in the early postwar period, have suggested much higher numbers, up to a total of 340.000 men, women, and children. The victims were killed with the use of gas vans. Chełmno was a place of early experimentation in the development of Nazi extermination program, continued in subsequent phases of the Holocaust throughout occupied Poland. Chełmno was set up by SS-Sturmbannführer Herbert Lange, following his gas van experiments in the murder of 1.558 Polish prisoners of the Soldau concentration camp. Russian troops captured the town of Chełmno on 17 January 1945. By then, the Nazis had already destroyed evidence of the camp's existence leaving no prisoners behind. One of the camp survivors who was fifteen years old at the time testified that only three Jewish males had escaped successfully from Chełmno. In June 1945 two survivors testified at the trial of camp personnel in Łódź. The three best-known survivors testified about Chełmno at the 1961 trial of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem. Two survivors testified also at the camp personnel trials conducted in 1962–65 by West Germany.
Bełżec Extermination Camp
Muzeum – Miejsce Pamięci w Bełżcu, Bełżec, Poljska
Bełżec was the first of the Nazi extermination camps created for the purpose of implementing the secretive Operation Reinhard, the plan to eliminate Polish Jewry, a key part of the "Final Solution" which entailed the murder of some 6 million Jews in the Holocaust. The camp operated from 17 March 1942 to the end of December 1942. It was situated about 0.5 km (0.31 mi) south of the local railroad station of Bełżec in German-occupied Poland. The burning of exhumed corpses on five open-air grids and bone crushing continued until March 1943. Between 430.000 and 500.000 Jews are believed to have been murdered by the SS at Bełżec. Only seven Jews performing slave labor with the camp's Sonderkommando survived II. World War and only one of them, became known from his own postwar testimony submitted officially. The lack of viable witnesses who could testify about the camp's operation is the primary reason why Bełżec is so little known despite the enormous number of victims.
Auschwitz Extermintaion Camp
Więźniów Oświęcimia 20, Oświęcim, Poljska
Auschwitz concentration camp was a network of German Nazi concentration camps and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II. It consisted of: Auschwitz I (the original camp), Auschwitz II–Birkenau (a combination concentration/extermination camp), Auschwitz III–Monowitz (a labor camp to staff an IG Farben factory), 45 satellite camps Auschwitz I was first constructed to hold Polish political prisoners, who began to arrive in May 1940. The first extermination of prisoners took place in September 1941, and Auschwitz II–Birkenau went on to become a major site of the Nazi Final Solution to the Jewish Question. From early 1942 until late 1944, transport trains delivered Jews to the camp's gas chambers from all over German-occupied Europe, where they were killed with the pesticide Zyklon B. An estimated 1.3 million people were sent to the camp, of whom at least 1.1 million died. Around 90 percent of those killed were Jewish; approximately 1 in 6 Jews killed in the Holocaust died at the camp. Others deported to Auschwitz included 150.000 Poles, 23.000 Romani and Sinti, 15.000 Soviet prisoners of war, 400 Jehovah's Witnesses, and tens of thousands of others of diverse nationalities, including an unknown number of homosexuals. Many of those not killed in the gas chambers died of starvation, forced labor, infectious diseases, individual executions, and medical experiments. One hundred forty-four prisoners are known to have escaped from Auschwitz successfully, and on 7 October 1944, two Sonderkommando units, prisoners assigned to staff the gas chambers, launched a brief, unsuccessful uprising. As Soviet troops approached Auschwitz in January 1945, most of its population was evacuated and sent on a death march. The prisoners remaining at the camp were liberated on 27 January 1945, a day now commemorated as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. The camp became a dominant symbol of the Holocaust. In 1947, Poland founded the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum on the site of Auschwitz I and II, and in 1979.
Schindler’s Factory in Krakow
Lipowa 4E, 30-702 Kraków, Poljska
Oskar Schindler's Enamel Factory a former metal item factory in Kraków is now host to two museums: the Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków, on the former workshops, and a branch of the Historical Museum of the City of Kraków, situated at ul. Lipowa 4 in the administrative building of the former enamel factory known as Oskar Schindler's Deutsche Emailwarenfabrik (DEF). Operating here before DEF was the first Malopolska factory of enamelware and metal products limited liability company, instituted in March 1937. On 1 September 1939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland and the II. World War broke out. On 6 September, German troops entered Kraków. It was also probably around that time in which Oskar Schindler, a Sudeten German who is a member of the NSDAP and an agent of the Abwehr, arrived in Kraków. Using the power of the German occupation forces in the capacity of a trustee, he took over the German kitchenware shop on ul. Krakowska, and in November 1939, on the power of the decision of the Trusteeship Authority he took over the receivership of the "Rekord" company in Zablocie. He also produced ammunition shells, so that his factory would be classed as an essential part of the war effort. He managed to build a subcamp of the Płaszów forced labor camp in the premises where "his" Jews had scarce contact with camp guards. In the face of the Soviet Red Army's advances, Schindler relocated, with the blessing of the German authorities, his munitions business, and its workforce in late 1944 to the branch of Gross-Rosen Concentration Camp in Bohemia’s Brunnlitz. About 1,200 Jewish prisoners from Krakow survived there to be liberated by the Soviets on 8 May 1945.
Project Riese
Owl Mountains, Bielawa, Poljska
Riese is the code name for a construction project of Nazi Germany in 1943–1945, consisting of seven underground structures located in the Owl Mountains and Książ Castle in Lower Silesia. None of them were finished, all are in different states of completion with only a small percentage of tunnels reinforced by concrete. In the presence of the increasing Allied air raids, Nazi Germany relocated a large part of its strategic armaments production into safer regions including the District of Sudetenland. Plans to protect critical infrastructure also involved a transfer of the arms factories to underground bunkers and construction of the air-raid shelters for government officials.
Miedzyrzecz Underground Fortifications
Miedzyrzecki Fortified Region, Międzyrzecz, Poljska
Międzyrzecki Rejon Umocniony or Międzyrzecz Fortification Region was a fortified military defense line of Nazi Germany between the Oder and Warta rivers. Built in 1934–44, it was the most technologically advanced fortification system of Nazi Germany and remains one of the largest and the most interesting systems of this type in the world today. It consists of around 100 concrete defense structures partially interconnected by a network of underground tunnels. Some of the forts and tunnels are available for visiting. The most interesting part is the central section, which begins in the south with the so-called Boryszyn Loop near the village of Boryszyn and extends about 12 km (8 mi) to the north. In the central section, the bunkers are interconnected with an underground system of tunnels, 32 kilometers (19 mi) long and up to 40 meters (34 yd) deep. In the underground system, there are also railway stations, workshops, engine rooms, and barracks.
Museum of Allied Prisoners-of-War Martyrdom
Muzeum Obozów Jenieckich, Lotników Alianckich, Żagań, Poljska
From the autumn of 1939 until autumn 1942 there was a complex of prisoner-of-war Nazi camps in Zagan and its neighborhood. The camp known as Stalag VIIIC was the biggest camp in the 8th Military Divison of Nazi Germany's Wehrmacht. From the autumn of 1939 until autumn 1942 there was a complex of prisoner-of-war Nazi camps in Zagan and its neighborhood. The camp known as Stalag VIIIC including its branches was the biggest camp in the 8th Military Divison of Nazi Germany's Wehrmacht. Among its prisoners were: French, Russian, Belgian, Italian, Yugoslavian and Polish war prisoners. In May 1942 Stalag Luft III, a prisoner-of-war camp for the British and American airmen, was opened in the neighborhood of Stalag VI-IIC. The prisoners of this camp attempted to escape. The greatest flight happened at night on March 24/25, 1944. However, only three prisoners managed to escape and the remaining 73 were captured. As soon as Hitler got to know about it, he had a briefing with Keitel, Himmler, and Goering. A decision was madê to shoot the fifty fugitives captured. The epilog of the "great runaway" took place before the British Military Court of Justice in Hamburg in 1947, Fourteen of the accused were sentenced to death, whereas the remaining four were sentenced to imprisonment of many years. In front of the museum, there is a sculpture from 1961 by Mieczysław Walter which commemorates the victims of crimes by German Nazi Wehrmacht soldiers.
Sochaczew Museum
Museum of Sochaczew's area and Battle on Bzura, Plac Tadeusza Kościuszki, Sochaczew, Poljska
The museum is located in Sochaczew town 60 kilometers west of Warsaw. It own the greatest collection of weapons, equipment, uniforms and other relics from September Campaign of 1939, especially connected with the Bzura River Battle, the biggest Ally offensive engagement against Wehrmacht in early years of II. World War.
Museum of the History of Polish Jews
Museum of the History of Polish Jews, Anielewicza, Varšava, Poljska
The Museum stands in what was once the heart of Jewish Warsaw an area which the Nazis turned into the Warsaw Ghetto during II. World War. Occupying around 4.000 m2 (ca. 43.000 ft2), the Museum’s Core Exhibition will immerse visitors in the world of Polish Jews, from their arrival in Po-lin as traveling merchants in medieval times until today. The history of the Jews is shown in 8 galleries. One of the gallery shows the tragedy of the Holocaust during the German occupation of Poland, which resulted in the deaths of approximately 90% of the 3.3 million Polish Jews. The gallery also covers the horrors experienced by the non-Jewish majority population of Poland during II. World War as well as their reactions and responses to the extermination of Jews.
Polish Resistance Home Army Museum
Wita Stwosza 12, Krakov, Poljska
The Polish resistance movement in II. World War, with the Polish Home Army at its forefront, was the largest underground resistances in all of Nazi-occupied Europe, covering both German and Soviet zones of occupation. The Polish defense against the Nazi occupation was an important part of the European anti-fascist resistance movement. It is most notable for disrupting German supply lines to the Eastern Front, providing military intelligence to the British, and for saving more Jewish lives during the Holocaust than any other Allied organization or government. It was a part of the Polish Underground State. The permanent exhibition presents the history of Polish Underground State and Home Army in their complexity. The main section of the exhibition begins with the so-called September Campaign (Invasion of Poland). The division of Poland into two occupied zones, German and Soviet, consists of several sections and are well documented with photographic displays. Day-by-day life, both civilian and military, and the policy of both occupants is shown in the rich narrative scenography of the exhibition, based on documents and artifacts such as uniforms, munitions, many documents, and decorations.
The Museum of Coastal Defence
Helska, 84-150 Hel, Poljska
The Museum of Coastal Defence in Hel was established in buildings formerly occupied by the German "Schleswig-Holstein" 406 mm battery: the B2 gun emplacement and the range-finder tower. The aim of the museum is to show the military history of Hel and the Polish Navy. A number of thematic exhibitions show the heroism of the defense of Hel in 1939, and the development of the Polish Navy through history. The development of naval armaments and communications over the last fifty years is shown in detail.
Dukla Museum
Muzeum Historyczne - Pałac w Dukli, Trakt Węgierski, Dukla, Poljska
The historical museum in a palace of Dukla is a combination of small local heritage and II. World War with a highlight of the year 1944 and the Battle of Dukla Pass. This was one of the last major tank battles of II. World War, which concluded the full liberation of Ukraine. The museum includes a huge collection of artillery weaponry and a collection of weapons small caliber, uniforms and army gear.
Memorial Katyn
Świętokrzyskie Mountains, Bodzentyn, Poljska
The Katyn massacre was a series of mass executions of Polish nationals carried out by the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs, a Soviet secret police organization (NKVD) in April and May 1940. Though the killings took place at several different locations, the massacre is named after the Katyn Forest, where some of the mass graves were first discovered. The massacre was prompted by NKVD chief Lavrentiy Beria's proposal to execute all captive members of the Polish officer corps, dated 5 March 1940, approved by the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, including its leader, Joseph Stalin. The number of victims is estimated at about 22,000. The victims were executed in the Katyn Forest in Russia, the Kalinin and Kharkiv prisons, and elsewhere. Of the total killed, about 8,000 were officers imprisoned during the 1939 Soviet invasion of Poland, another 6,000 were police officers, and the rest were arrested Polish intelligentsia that the Soviets deemed to be intelligence agents, gendarmes, landowners, saboteurs, factory owners, lawyers, officials, and priests.
Mauerwald Mamerki Bunkers
Mamerki Bunkry, Węgorzewo, Poljska
Command and Communication Center Mauerwald (OKH) was a headquarters of a German Army Supreme Command, not far from Mamry Lake. OKH Mauerwald is a system of bunkers and military posts belonging to German Supreme Command during the years 1941 and 1944. It was built around 20 km northeast from Wolfschanze by organization Todt. Similar as Wolfschanze, but bigger, the area covered more than 200 structures with more than 30 reinforced buildings and bunkers. When Adolf Hitler was in Wolfschanze, the Wehrmacht and other Chiefs of General Staff were in Mauerwald. You can read more about most famous locations of II. World War in northern Poland in our trip book.
Lviv
Lvov, Lviv Oblast, Ukrajina
Lviv is an administrative center in western Ukraine with more than a millennium of history as a settlement and over seven centuries as a city. Prior to the creation of the modern state of Ukraine, Lviv had been part of numerous states and empires, including, under the name Lwów, Poland and later the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, under the name Lemberg, the Austrian and later Austro-Hungarian Empires, the short-lived West Ukrainian People's Republic after I. World War, Poland again and the Soviet Union. After signing a neutrality pact (Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact), Nazi Germany invaded Poland on 1. September 1939. The German 1st Mountain Division reached the suburbs of Lviv on 12 September and began a siege. The city's garrison was ordered to hold out at all cost since the strategic position prevented the enemy from crossing into the Romanian Bridgehead. Also, a number of Polish troops from Central Poland were trying to reach the city and organize a defense there to buy time to regroup. Thus a 10-day-long defense of the city started and later became known as yet another Battle of Lwów. On 19 September an unsuccessful Polish diversionary attack under was launched. Soviet troops, part of the force which had invaded on 17 September under the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, replaced the Germans around the city. On 21 September Polish troops formally surrendered to Soviet troops under Marshal Semyon Timoshenko. On 22 September 1939 Poland officially capitulated. Germans and Soviets divided Poland into two parts, the Eastern part fell in Soviet part and the Western part became a part of the Third Reich. German and Soviet soldiers gazed into their eyes and celebrated the victory with a cigarette.
Central Prisoner-of-War Museum Lambinowice
Centralne Muzeum Jeńców Wojennych, Muzealna, Łambinowice, Poljska
Stalag VIII-B Lamsdorf was a notorious German Army prisoner of war camp, later renamed Stalag-344, located near the small town of Lamsdorf, now called Łambinowice, in Silesia. The camp initially occupied barracks built to house British and French prisoners in I. World War. At this same location, there had been a prisoner camp during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71. After the war, the camp was used for German prisoners-of-war and it renamed in Łambinowice Camp. The museum collection includes archives and artifacts, also a great collection of books. The collection is really rich and connected to polish prisoners-of-war.
Field Cathedral of the Polish Army
Katedra Polowa Wojska Polskiego, Długa, Varšava, Poljska
The Field Cathedral of the Polish Army, also known as the Church of Our Lady Queen of the Polish Crown, is the main garrison church of Warsaw and the representative cathedral of the entire Polish Army. During the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, the cathedral was one of the churches frequently targeted by the Luftwaffe. Heavy fighting was also fighting for the ruins, as the preserved western tower was used as an observation post. At the same time, the cellars of the monastery and the crypts beneath the church were used as a provisional field hospital. The remnants of the church, along with the hospital, were destroyed by German aerial bombardment on 20 August 1944.
Gliwice
Dolnych Wałów, Glivice, Poljska
The Gleiwitz incident was a false flag operation by Nazi forces posing as Poles on 31 August 1939, against the German radio station Sender Gleiwitz in Gleiwitz, Upper Silesia, Germany (since 1945: Gliwice, Poland) on the eve of II. World War in Europe. The goal was to use the staged attack as a pretext for invading Poland. This provocation was the best-known of several actions in Operation Himmler, a series of unconventional operations undertaken by the SS in order to serve specific propaganda goals of Nazi Germany at the outbreak of the war. It was intended to create the appearance of Polish aggression against Germany in order to justify the subsequent invasion of Poland.
Gdansk
Gdansk, Poljska
Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939 after having signed a non-aggression pact (Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact) with the Soviet Union in late August. The German attack began in Gdansk, with a bombardment of Polish positions at Westerplatte by the German battleship Schleswig-Holstein, and the landing of German infantry on the peninsula.
Hoek Fort 1881
Fort 1881, Stationsweg, Hoek van Holland, Nizozemska
The museum is located in ex-fort Hoek van Holland. This fort was primarily built as a defensive system for the new waterway against enemies. More than 100 years old building with many hallways, staircases, and rooms, which gives a visitor a good look into a life of soldiers in the fort.
Westerbork Transit Camp
Herinneringscentrum Kamp Westerbork, Oosthalen, Hooghalen, Nizozemska
The Westerbork transit camp was a II. World WarNazi refugee, detention, and transit camp in Hooghalen, ten kilometers (6.2 miles) north of Westerbork. It functions during the II. World War was to assemble Romani and Dutch Jews for transport to other Nazi concentration camps.
Herzogenbusch Vught Concentration Camp
Nationaal Monument Kamp Vught, Lunettenlaan, Vught, Nizozemska
Herzogenbusch concentration camp was a Nazi concentration camp located in Vught near the city of 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands. Herzogenbusch was, with Natzweiler-Struthof in occupied France, the only concentration camp run directly by the SS in western Europe outside of Germany. The camp was first used in 1943 and held 31.000 prisoners. 749 prisoners died in the camp, and the others were transferred to other camps shortly before the camp was liberated by the Allied Forces in 1944. After the war, the camp was used as a prison for Germans and Dutch collaborators. Today there is a museum with exhibitions and a national monument remembering the camp and its victims.
Amersfoort Concentration Camp
Nationaal Monument Kamp Amersfoort, Loes van Overeemlaan, Bosgebied, Leusden, Nizozemska
Amersfoort concentration camp was a Nazi concentration camp in Amersfoort, Netherlands. The official name was Police Transit Camp Amersfoort. During the years of 1941 to 1945, over 35.000 prisoners were kept here. Amersfoort was a transit camp, where prisoners were sent to places like Buchenwald, Mauthausen, and Neuengamme. It was on July 15, 1942, that the Germans began deporting Dutch Jews from Amersfoort, Vught, and Westerbork to concentration camps and death camps such as Auschwitz, Sobibor, and Theresienstadt.
Rotterdam War and Resistance
Museum Rotterdam '40-'45 NU, Coolhaven, Rotterdam, Nizozemska
The city of Rotterdam played important role in the II. World War. It became unrecognized on 14 May 1940, when it was bombed by Nazi forces. Called Rotterdam Blitz was the aerial bombardment by the Luftwaffe. Later Germans occupied the Netherlands and Allied forces carried out a number of operations over Rotterdam. These included bombing strategic installations, leaflet dropping and during the last week of the war, the dropping off emergency food supplies. The city was burst in shreds. 850 people lost their lives, 25.000 homes and 11.000 buildings were razed to the ground, and more than 80.000 inhabitants without the roof over their head. The museum is not just a monument but also serves as a reminder of injustice that is happening in the world today.
Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery
Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, Van Limburg Stirumweg, Oosterbeek, Nizozemska
The Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery, more commonly known as the Airborne Cemetery, is a cemetery in Oosterbeek, near Arnhem. The cemetery is home to 1.759 graves from the II. World War. In Operation Market-Garden Allies lost between 15.130 and 17.200 soldiers. Allied victims are buried in Arnhem Oosterbeek War Cemetery.
Overloon
Museumpark 1A, 5825 AM Overloon, Nizozemska
The Battle of Overloon was a battle fought in the II. World War battle between Allied forces and the German Army which took place in and around the village of Overloon in the southeast of the Netherlands between 30 September and 18 October 1944. Operation Aintree resulted in an Allied victory. The Allies went on to liberate the town of Venray. The museum contains many vehicles, tanks, warcraft, documentation, all connected with the Battle of Overloon.
Netherlands American Cemetery
Netherlands American Cemetery, Margraten, Nizozemska
The II. World War Netherlands American Cemetery and Memorial is a war cemetery which lies in the village of Margraten six miles (10 km) east of Maastricht, in the most southern part of the Netherlands. The tall memorial tower can be seen before reaching the cemetery which covers 65.5 acres (26.5 ha). From the cemetery entrance through the Court of Honor with its pool reflecting the chapel tower. There is visitors' building and the museum with its three engraved operations maps describing the achievements of the American Armed Forces in the area during II. World War.
National Liberation Museum
Nationaal Bevrijdingsmuseum 1944-1945, Wylerbaan, Groesbeek, Nizozemska
The Liberation Museum is set in the beautiful landscape near Nijmegen, Arnhem and the German border. Operation Market-Garden, the largest airborne operation in history took place here in September 1944 and Operation Veritable, the Rhineland Offensive, the final road to freedom in Europe, started from here in February 1945. The museum brings the historical events of the liberation by the American, British, Canadian and Polish troops back to life. In the museum, you live through the period preceding the war, experience the occupation, celebrate the liberation and witness the rebuilding of the Netherlands and Europe after the war. The museum with its presentations, models, movies and audio recordings, brings the war back to life and offers a unique exhibition.
Wings of Liberation Museum
Bevrijdende Vleugels Museum, Sonseweg, Best, Nizozemska
On 17. September 1944 this area was a place of Operation Market-Garden, also here, 101st American paratroopers landed. The museum exhibits a liberation of south Limburg, Operation Market-Garden, Operation Barbarossa in Russia. An exhibition contains war gear and vehicles, including an airplane Dakota and Lockheed TF-104g Starfighter.
Dutch Resistance Museum
Verzetsmuseum, Plantage Kerklaan, Amsterdam, Nizozemska
The Dutch Resistance Museum, chosen as the best historical museum of the Netherlands, tells the story of the Dutch people in II. World War. From 14 May 1940 to 5 May 1945, the Netherlands were occupied by Nazi Germany. Permanent exhibit of the museum recreates the atmosphere of the streets of Amsterdam during the German occupation. Big photographs, old posters, objects, films and sounds from that horrible time, help to recreate the scene. The background of the Holocaust is visualized to the visitor. This is an exhibition about the everyday life during that time, but also about exceptional historical events, the ·resistance of the population against the Nazis and heroism.
Nijmegen Bridge
Valkhofpark, Nijmegen, Nizozemska
Following D-day invasion and slow progress of Allied forces. General Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Supreme Allied Commander, began to contemplate the Allies' next move. General Omar Bradley, commander of the 12th Army Group in the Allied center, advocated in favor of a drive into the Saar to pierce the German Westwall or Siegfried Line defenses and open Germany to invasion. Field Marshal Montgomery's strategic goal was to encircle the heart of German industry, the Ruhr, in a pincer movement. The northern end of the pincer would circumvent the northern end of the Siegfried Line giving easier access into Germany. The aim of Operation Market Garden was to establish the northern end of a pincer ready to project deeper into Germany. Allied forces would project north from Belgium, 60 miles (97 km) through the Netherlands, across the Rhine and consolidate north of Arnhem on the Dutch/German border ready to close the pincer. The operation made massed use of airborne forces, whose tactical objectives were to secure the bridges and allow a rapid advance by armored ground units to consolidate north of Arnhem. The operation required the seizure of the bridges across the Maas (Meuse River), two arms of the Rhine (the Waal and the Lower Rhine) together with crossings over several smaller canals and tributaries. At the furthest point of the airborne operation at Arnhem, the British 1st Airborne Division encountered initial strong resistance. The delays in capturing the bridges at Son and Nijmegen gave time for German forces, including the 9th and 10th SS panzer divisions who were present at that time, to organize and retaliate. In the ensuing battle, only a small force managed to capture the north end of the Arnhem road bridge and after the ground forces failed to relieve them, the paratroopers were overrun on 21 September. The remainder of the 1st Airborne Division were trapped in a small pocket west of the bridge, having to be evacuated on 25 September. The Allies had failed to cross the Rhine and the river remained a barrier to their advance into Germany until offensives at Remagen, Oppenheim, Rees and Wesel in March 1945. The failure of Market Garden to form a foothold over the Rhine ended Allied expectations of finishing the war by Christmas 1944. The 82nd Airborne Division's assault on the Nijmegen bridge in September 1944 received the nickname "Little Omaha" due to the heavy casualties and became a significant turning point in the battle. War reporter Bill Downs described it as: "A single, isolated battle that ranks in magnificence and courage with Guam, Tarawa, Omaha Beach. A story that should be told to the blowing of bugles and the beating of drums for the men whose bravery made the capture of this crossing over the Waal possible."
John Frost Bridge
John Frost Bridge, Arnhem, Nizozemska
Following D-day invasion and slow progress of Allied forces. General Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Supreme Allied Commander, began to contemplate the Allies' next move. General Omar Bradley, commander of the 12th Army Group in the Allied center, advocated in favor of a drive into the Saar to pierce the German Westwall or Siegfried Line defenses and open Germany to invasion. Field Marshal Montgomery's strategic goal was to encircle the heart of German industry, the Ruhr, in a pincer movement. The northern end of the pincer would circumvent the northern end of the Siegfried Line giving easier access into Germany. The aim of Operation Market Garden was to establish the northern end of a pincer ready to project deeper into Germany. Allied forces would project north from Belgium, 60 miles (97 km) through the Netherlands, across the Rhine and consolidate north of Arnhem on the Dutch/German border ready to close the pincer. The operation made massed use of airborne forces, whose tactical objectives were to secure the bridges and allow a rapid advance by armored ground units to consolidate north of Arnhem. The operation required the seizure of the bridges across the Maas (Meuse River), two arms of the Rhine (the Waal and the Lower Rhine) together with crossings over several smaller canals and tributaries. At the furthest point of the airborne operation at Arnhem, the British 1st Airborne Division encountered initial strong resistance. The delays in capturing the bridges at Son and Nijmegen gave time for German forces, including the 9th and 10th SS panzer divisions who were present at that time, to organize and retaliate. In the ensuing battle, only a small force managed to capture the north end of the Arnhem road bridge and after the ground forces failed to relieve them, the paratroopers were overrun on 21 September. The remainder of the 1st Airborne Division were trapped in a small pocket west of the bridge, having to be evacuated on 25 September. The Allies had failed to cross the Rhine and the river remained a barrier to their advance into Germany until offensives at Remagen, Oppenheim, Rees and Wesel in March 1945. The failure of Market Garden to form a foothold over the Rhine ended Allied expectations of finishing the war by Christmas 1944.
Bunker Museum
Badweg 38, IJmuiden, Nizozemska
All around the city of Ijmuiden are bunkers from the II. World War, built by German forces as a part of huge defensive system Atlantic Wall.
Arnhem War Museum
Kemperbergerweg, Arnhem, Nizozemska
The Arnhem War Museum is a private museum dedicated to battle of Arnhem. This collection consists of Allied and German documents, uniforms, weapons, and many non-military objects, for example, newspapers, which give an impression of the daily life of that time.
Airbone Museum Hartenstein
Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein', Utrechtseweg, Oosterbeek, Nizozemska
The Airborne Museum ‘Hartenstein’ is dedicated to the Battle of Arnhem in which the Allied Forces attempted to form a bridgehead on the northern banks of the Rhine river in September 1944. Hartenstein served as the headquarters of the British 1st Airborne Division. Operation Market Garden, 17–25 September 1944, was an unsuccessful Allied military operation, fought in the Netherlands and Germany in the II. World War. Operation Market Garden, which includes the Battle of Arnhem, in September 1944, was the largest airborne battle in history. It was also the only real attempt by the Allies to use airborne forces in a strategic role in Europe. It was a massive engagement, with its principal combatants being 21 Army Group under Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery for the Allies and Army Group B under Generalfeldmarschall Walter Model for the Germans. It involved thousands of aircraft and armored vehicles, and hundreds of thousands of troops and was the only major Allied defeat of the Northwest European campaign.
Hartenstein Airborne Monument
Airborne Museum 'Hartenstein', Utrechtseweg, Oosterbeek, Nizozemska
Operation Market Garden, 17–25 September 1944, was an unsuccessful Allied military operation, fought in the Netherlands and Germany in the II. World War. Operation Market Garden, which includes the Battle of Arnhem, in September 1944, was the largest airborne battle in history. It was also the only real attempt by the Allies to use airborne forces in a strategic role in Europe. It was a massive engagement, with its principal combatants being 21 Army Group under Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery for the Allies and Army Group B under Generalfeldmarschall Walter Model for the Germans. It involved thousands of aircraft and armored vehicles, and hundreds of thousands of troops and was the only major Allied defeat of the Northwest European campaign.
Anne Frank House
Anne Frank Huis, Prinsengracht, Amsterdam, Nizozemska
Annelies Marie Frank was a German-born diarist and writer. One of the most discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust, she gained fame posthumously following the publication of her diary, with documents of her life in hiding from 1942 to 1944, during the German occupation of the Netherlands in II. World War. The museum preserves the hiding place, has a permanent exhibition on the life and times of Anne Frank, and has an exhibition space about all forms of persecution and discrimination.
Westwall Museum
Westwallmuseum, Irrel, Nemčija
The museum on the french-german border between the cities Metz, Saarbrücken, Karlsruhe and Strasbourg. This was the place of bloody clashes in the 19th and 20th century. Before and during the II. World War the line was focused on the defensive line "Ligne Maginot" and on the German site "Siegfried line" or "Westwall".
Torgau
Torgau, Nemčija
Torgau is a town on the banks of the Elbe in northwestern Saxony, Germany. The town is the place where during the II. World War, United States Army forces coming from the west met the forces of the Soviet Union coming from the east during the invasion of Germany on 25 April 1945, which is now remembered as "Elbe Day". marking an important step toward the end of II. World War in Europe. This contact between the Soviets, advancing from the East, and the Americans, advancing from the West, meant that the two powers had effectively cut Germany in two.
Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp
Memorial and Museum Sachsenhausen, Straße der Nationen, Oranienburg, Nemčija
Sachsenhausen was a Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used primarily for political prisoners from 1936 until the end of the Third Reich. After II. World War, when Oranienburg was in the Soviet Occupation Zone, the structure was used as an NKVD special camp until 1950. The remaining buildings and grounds are now open to the public as a museum. Sachsenhausen was the site of Operation Bernhard, one of the largest currency counterfeiting operations ever recorded. The Germans forced inmate artisans to produce forged American and British currency, as part of a plan to undermine the United Kingdom's and United States' economies. There were over one billion pounds in counterfeit banknotes. The Germans introduced fake British £5, £10, £20 and £50 notes into circulation in 1943. Furthermore, the Bank of England never found them. A major user of Sachsenhausen labor was Heinkel, the aircraft manufacturer, using between 6,000 and 8,000 prisoners on their He 177 bomber. Prisoners also worked in a brick factory, which some say was supposed to supply the building blocks for Hitler's dream city, Germania, which was to be the capital of the world once the Nazis took over.
Ravensbrück Concentration Camp
Mahn- u. Gedenkstätte Ravensbrück |Stiftung Brandenburgische Gedenkstätten, Straße der Nationen, Fürstenberg/Havel, Nemčija
Ravensbrück was a women's concentration camp during II. World War, near the village of Ravensbrück, north Germany. Construction of the camp began in November 1938 and was unusual in that the camp was intended to hold exclusively female inmates. The facility opened in May 1939 and underwent major expansion following the invasion of Poland. Between 1939 and 1945, some 130.000 to 132.000 female prisoners passed through the Ravensbrück camp system. Many of the slave labor prisoners were employed by the German electrical engineering company.
Neuengamme Concentration Camp
Neuengamme concentration camp Memorial, Neuengammer Hausdeich Brücke, Hamburg, Nemčija
The Neuengamme concentration camp was a German concentration camp, established in 1938 by the SS near the village of Neuengamme in the district of Hamburg, Germany. It was operated by the Nazis from 1938 to 1945. Over that period an estimated 106,000 prisoners were held at Neuengamme and at its subcamps. 14.000 perished in the main camp, 12.800 in the subcamps and 16.100 during the last weeks of the war on evacuation marches or due to the bombing. The verified death toll is 42.900. After Germany's defeat in 1945, the British Army used the site until 1948 as an internment camp. In 1948, the facility was transferred to the Hamburg prison authority which tore down the camp huts a
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Top 5 Japanese places in Berlin
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2024-02-18T11:31:00
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One of the most impressive trips I have taken was to Japan. It is simply a completely different world in which hardly anyone understood me and in which there are so many things and places to discover. Because Japan is very far away, I have researched Japanese places in Berlin for my book. In my book, I have compiled the most beautiful Japanese places in Berlin. Until the book is published, I want you to get a taste of Japan in Berlin by introducing my "Top 5 Japanese places in Berlin". In case you want to pre-order the book, just check out my online shop for "TRAVEL THE WORLD IN BERLIN".
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en
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https://u.jimcdn.com/cms/o/sf39a92a694844a41/img/favicon.ico?t=1466177670
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walk this way
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https://www.walk-this-way.net/top-5-japanese-places-in-berlin/
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One of the most impressive trips I have taken was to Japan. It is simply a completely different world in which hardly anyone understood me and in which there are so many things and places to discover. Because Japan is very far away, I have researched Japanese places in Berlin for my book.
In my book, I have compiled the most beautiful Japanese places in Berlin. Until the book is published, I want you to get a taste of Japan in Berlin by introducing my "Top 5 Japanese places in Berlin".
In case you want to pre-order the book,
just check out my online shop for "TRAVEL THE WORLD IN BERLIN".
If you want to find more hidden gems of Berlin, check out my folding maps BertaBerlin and QueerBerlin. They are available in well-chosen locations all over Charlottenburg, Neukölln, Kreuzberg, Mitte and Prenzlauer Berg in Berlin and online. But for those of you, who want to stay up to date, feel free to follow me on INSTAGRAM, FACEBOOK or register for my NEWSLETTER BertaNews.
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Top 22 Best Hotels in Berlin - 5 Star Luxury & Boutique Hotels to Stay 2024
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"https://www.hotelfollower.com/wp-content/uploads/logo-follower-main3.png",
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2019-05-25T12:08:30+00:00
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Looking for the best hotels in Berlin Germany? Top rated Hotels in City Centre (Mitte), Boutique Hotel, 5 Star Luxury, with Family Rooms.
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Hotelfollower.com
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https://www.hotelfollower.com/best-hotels-in-berlin/
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The name ‘Mitte’ literally translated means middle, and this first borough of Berlin is considered the heart of the city. It is cosmopolitan and lively with plenty to do and see within walking distance. Most of the much-visited sites are in this area, as are the top hotels, designer shops, finest restaurants and busiest streets.
The best known attractions in Mitte include the Brandenburg Gate, Checkpoint Charlie, Museum Island, The Holocaust Memorial and the Reichstag Building. They are reminders of Berlin’s chequered past, and the division between East and West Germany.
The Brandenburg Gate is an iconic symbol of the city. This 18th century monument once stood in no man’s land between divided Germany. It’s a stunning sight during the day and beautifully lit at night and offers one of the best places to sit and people watch. Nearby, Checkpoint Charlie was once the gateway between the two parts of Berlin. Although flooded with tourists nowadays, it is still an emotional site that must be seen. Museum Island is extremely popular. It is home to five different museums that display artefacts from a range of historical periods. There is also an art gallery there. The Reichstag Building is a neo-Renaissance structure with a stunning glass dome that is a city landmark. This is the Parliament building, with the dome open to the public to enter. The Holocaust Memorial is a sombre and moving 5-acre area with carefully positioned concrete blocks.
Mitte has a wide range of cafes, bars and restaurants, many of which offer outdoor seating in the warmer months. The area is also home to Friedrichstadt-Palast where a vivid and exciting top show attracts visitors all year around. When it comes to shopping, this district has high-end places, boutique shops, flagship stores and souvenir kiosks.
Best Value Hotels in Berlin City Centre – Mitte Neighbourhood
Hotel Adlon Kempinski Berlin – Luxury
Pullman Berlin Schweizerhof – Luxury
NH Collection Berlin Mitte Friedrichstrasse – Great Value
Mercure Hotel & Residenz Berlin Checkpoint Charlie – Great Value
An arty part of west Berlin, Kreuzberg was surrounded on three sides by the wall, but has become an alternative and cool neighbourhood in recent years. The best reason for visiting this borough is see the East Side Gallery in Mühlenstrase. With more than 100 pieces of work painted on remnants of the Berlin Wall, this is the longest gallery in the world and a memorial to the end of division. Aufbau Haus, at Moritzplatz, is worth a visit. This old factory is now a cultural centre with a gallery and trendy café. Tempelhofer Freiheit Park is an open space created on an old airfield. Great for picnics, sitting in the sun or whizzing along the runway on a Segway. Come nightfall, this Kreuzberg gets lively with lots of hip eateries serving international dishes and bars that spill onto the streets.
Best Hotels in Kreuzberg District
Orania.Berlin – Luxury
Mövenpick Hotel Berlin Am Potsdamer Platz – Great Value
Grimm’s Hotel am Potsdamer Platz – Affordable / Good Value
This borough is part of the western area of Berlin. It is an affluent, high end area that was originally a town outside of the city but became a borough in 1920. The best-loved attraction in this area is Charlottenburg Palace, built in the 17th century it has a lavishly decorated interior. On display are Prussian crown jewels and other interesting treasures. There is also a splendid park and a museum too beside the palace. Many of the best hotels in the area are close to the famous shopping street of Kurfürstendamm. This boulevard is one of the finest in Berlin and has top designer stores and international brands of every kind. Along with the shops, there is a huge variety of great places to eat and drink in style.
Charlottenburg is home to the Olympic stadium that was built in 1936. Today it is the venue for international football matches and is the largest stadium in Germany. The Europa Centre is located in this borough – it is a top exhibition hall and entertainment centre with a theatre and choice of eateries. If art is your thing, the Scarf-Gerstenberg gallery displays a fine selection of work from French Romanticism to Surrealists.
Finest Accommodation in Charlottenburg District
Hotel am Steinplatz, Autograph Collection – Luxury
25hours Hotel Bikini Berlin – Top Rated
Louisa’s Place – Luxury
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Local landmark – DW – 08
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2006-08-12T10:29:00+00:00
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From suburban street to business and entertainment district to stage for a Cold War standoff, Berlin's Friedrichstrasse has played many roles in the city's history. DW-WORLD takes a stroll down this storied street.
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https://www.dw.com/en/berlins-friedrichstrasse-where-citys-history-played-out/a-2127074
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One needs a vivid imagination to peel back some of the thick layers of history that cover Friedrichstrasse and have a look inside. It also helps to have a history book.
The street, one of Berlin's most famous, has been convulsed by events, and even by bombs, that have befallen the city. They've never killed its spirit, but they have sent it staggering. Still, the street always seems to get up, dust itself off and get back to business -- kind of like the city itself.
Friedrichstrasse's 3.5-kilometer (two-mile) north-south route runs through the heart of the city, and it's been said that the street sums up Berlin -- with its highs and lows, glitter and grit -- better than any other thoroughfare.
Shabby south
Today's street has a rather humble beginning at its southern end. The square called Mehringplatz was known as the Rondell in the early 18th century, when Friedrichstadt, the district around Friedrichstrasse, was first constructed outside the city walls. The Rondell was a circular plaza modeled on Rome's Piazza del Popolo, whose column in the center marked the southeastern limit of the city's extension. It was a quiet area; the peace of the bourgeois homes that lined the suburban idyll were not much disturbed save for the occasional regiments who drilled on the Rondell's parade grounds.
A few centuries, and much development, later, Friedrichstrasse's southern end found itself reduced by World War II bombing raids to a field of mud, populated only with a few skeletal remains of bombed-out buildings. Sixty years after that, it has yet to fully bounce back from that particular stroke of fate.
Mehringplatz has kept its circular form thanks to two massive, joyless apartment blocks built in ring form around the plaza, but comparisons with the Eternal City's famous circular square end there. Concrete and a late-sixties design aesthetic are the dominant motifs here.
Beginning the walk north, the signs are also not auspicious. A few ethnic food markets, a down-at-heel Internet café and "for lease" signs in empty store windows reflect the economic difficulty this part of town still finds itself in.
Checkpoint Charlie
But two blocks up, at Kochstrasse, the scene changes dramatically as you reach the spot that put the street in the global spotlight. On Oct. 27, 1961, just over two months after the Berlin Wall split the city in two, US and Soviet tanks found themselves facing off at the Checkpoint Charlie crossing point from West to East Berlin, which had been established where the barrier cut Friedrichstrasse in two.
Both tanks had live ammunition on board, and both had orders to return fire if fired upon. From 5 p.m. on Oct. 27 until 11 a.m. the next morning, two worldviews tried to stare each other down. The resolution was peaceful, if uneasy, and it cemented Friedrichstrasse's place in Cold War history.
Today, the wall is gone, only a trail of bricks embedded in the pavement and sidewalk trace the path of the former barrier. The barbed wire has disappeared, but the memories remain, and a stop at the privately run House at Checkpoint Charlie museum is a must for most tourists.
Now instead of soldiers standing with rifles ready, vendors hawk faux eastern military paraphernalia, and actors dressed up in military uniforms pose for photographs in front of a mock-up of a guardhouse, complete with sandbags.
Cafés and souvenir shops line the street instead of boarded up windows and slightly nervous western tourists preparing to hand their passports to East German border guards before crossing over to the GDR. Today's tourists fill their time reading the new information panels that have gone up explaining the history of the city's division.
Pull out your credit cards
Wandering further north, and crossing into what was once East Berlin, Friedrichstrasse starts regaining some of the glitter that made it Berlin's traditional business and entertainment center. After reunification, money was poured into refurbishment projects to rebuild and renovate where East German neglect had left its mark.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the street was a bustling marketplace, especially for gold and precious gems. There were fashionable restaurants, hotels, business headquarters and banks. It was the city's pleasure palace, not only because it was called the "street of 107 cinemas," but also because of the many prostitutes who plied their trade here.
While businesspeople in the heady years after reunification might not have had the return of the working girls in mind, they did hope to bring back some of the street's economic vitality. Architects flexed their imaginations as glittering new buildings went up and developers waited eagerly for the expected onslaught of tenants. The hordes did not come.
More than 1.1 million square feet (100,000 square meters) of upscale retail space was built in Friedrichstrasse in the 1990s. But much of it has remained unleased and original rent estimates on price per square meter have fallen by half.
Still, the upscale boutiques and department stores moved in -- Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Galleries Lafayette, Bang & Olufsen, to name just a few -- and as Germany's economy has begun to recover, they're filling up again (even though without the nouveau riche Russian tourists, many might have a hard time staying in business).
Historic photographs of the street show casual strollers, elegantly dressed women and office clerks jostling one another on the narrow sidewalks as trams and horse-drawn buses rolled by. Now, the scene has almost come full circle, keeping with the times. Today, tourists, wealthy matrons and besuited professionals weave and dodge one another as modern vehicles ply the road, surprisingly narrow for such an important artery, and often jammed up.
Sluice between two worlds
Further north, Friedrichstrasse crosses Berlin's grand Unter den Linden boulevard and then meets the train station that bears its name. Built in 1882, it was soon the capital's most important station although during Cold War, it became a symbol for the partition of the country and the separation of families on two sides of the ideological divide.
Then, what had been a through station became a terminus for travelers from the two sections of the city. It was the only link for mainline, suburban and underground trains and a sluice between the two worlds. Westerners could use the station, although it was in East Berlin, since several western suburban rail (S-Bahn) and underground lines used it. They could transfer between lines without leaving the station.
Those Germans with the right papers could enter East Berlin here, going though a customs hall that -- due to many sad farewells visiting westerners had to bid family and friends here -- became known as the "Palace of Tears" (Tränenpalast).
After unification, the Tränenpalast became a popular events venue. But, in another sign of Berlin's continuing transformation, it has hosted its last concert and will be torn down for a multi-story office building that will take its place.
Party row
A century ago, the most northern section of Friedrichstrasse, just over the Spree River, was a lively bar and club district. Almost every second building housed some sort of entertainment venue, including numerous brothels.
Since the 19th century the area has attracted theater fans, drawn to the dense conglomeration of stages in the areas. The options run from high-concept and classical works at the Berliner Ensemble -- founded by playwright Bertold Brecht in the 1950s to present his plays -- to political cabaret at the Distel Theater, all the way to lighter fare at the Friedrichstadtpalast, where the costumes and spectacle take center stage.
Friedrichstrasse ends a few blocks further north, amid cafés, pubs and scaffolding as the street continues its long makeover. It stops at Oranienburger Tor, a gateway to another nightlife district that came into its own after the Wall tumbled. It's mostly favored by tourists these days; Berlin residents have largely moved on to other neighborhoods.
Some have called Friedrichstrasse Berlin's own Champs-Elysées. The comparison seems inaccurate, although that is not meant to belittle the German thoroughfare. True, Friedrichstrasse lacks the grandeur and classical beauty of the Parisian boulevard, but it makes up for it in its history, its sheer variety and its Phoenix-like rise from the ashes of war and Communist neglect.
Like Berlin, it has often been on the losing side of history and has the scars to show for it. But also like Berlin, it has emerged from the trauma of the 20th century perhaps a little shaky on its feet, but determined to find its place in the 21st.
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https://blog.datawrapper.de/rail-transit-frequency-map-berlin/
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A gap on the map: How busy are the rails?
|
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[
"Inga Lev"
] |
2022-11-10T18:07:52+00:00
|
Hi, Inga here. Are you as interested in rail transit as I am? This week I'll be sharing a map of public transport frequency in Berlin.
|
en
|
Datawrapper Blog
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https://blog.datawrapper.de/rail-transit-frequency-map-berlin/
|
Hi, Inga here. Are you as interested in rail transit as I am? I usually work on Datawrapper’s platform code (not related to the train platforms!), but this week I’ll be sharing a map of public transport frequency in Berlin.
I’m a big fan of trains and maps. And since I live in Berlin, the city’s transit system is a natural part of my life. For a long time, I have been thinking that there’s something missing in the maps I see around.
Rail transit frequency: The missing map
There are official network schemes, but those are abstract and disconnected from geographical reality. There are official maps hanging on the stops and stations, but they typically only depict a relatively small area, show everything in uniform lines, and are full of map details while only showing transport in muted colors.
The transit layer of Google Maps is useful, but it shows all tram tracks in uniform lines regardless of how many routes pass through, and it groups them in a strange way. (For example, the S45, S46 and S47 trains are displayed as a single line but the S41 and S42 trains on the Ringbahn, Berlin’s Circle Line, are displayed separately despite serving the same line in opposite directions.) Organic Maps, a popular open-source map app, also offers a “transit” layer, but it has its limitations. It’s only visible at certain zoom levels, does not display trams at all, and the locations of some features are incorrect.
Most importantly, none of these maps show the frequency of service on each line. There’s no way to distinguish between the route or line that’s serviced every 3–4 minutes and the route that’s serviced only once every 20 minutes. This data can be really interesting! So I took the matters into my own hands.
First draft
One useful thing to know is that almost all urban transit in Berlin works in 20-minute cadence during the day. (A train will come every 20 minutes, or every 10, or 5, or 6/7/7, or 5/5/10... You get the idea.) So we can represent it as a network of "lanes," or the pairs of trains or trams passing every 20 minutes in each direction.
I've decided to use data for off-peak daytime (between the morning and evening rush hours), because they are the most representative. If you were to go to a tram or train stop at some time during the day, these are the frequencies you would most likely see.
Now, to improve and simplify the scheme, lanes could be arranged to not have any intersections, except for those with bridges where tracks meet but do not merge.
For example, the S-Bahn’s frequency scheme could look something like this:
Generating a detailed map like this would be difficult and time-consuming. Since it’s my first time creating a map, I decided to go with the second-best thing: instead of showing a varying number of lines, I use varying line thickness. The thicker the line, the more trains or trams pass in 20 minutes (one pixel = one lane = one pair of trains in opposite directions). For example, a typical U-Bahn segment would have a thickness of 4 pixels — 4 pairs of trains pass every 20 minutes, so you can catch a train in each direction every 5 minutes in off-peak hours.
I've decided to only display trams and U-Bahn and S-Bahn trains. Regional trains run in a 2-hour cadence, which would force me to work with unwieldy large numbers, and they are not used as urban public transit very much. Their tracks run parallel to S-Bahn tracks in a lot of places but have fewer stops, which would only make things more confusing. (For example, there is not a single regional stop between Ostkreuz and Erkner, where there are nine S-Bahn stops on the same stretch.)
Final version(s) of the map
Here is what I've got. This is the entire Berlin network:
And this is a zoomed-in view of the eastern part of the city — to this day, most trams are in the east, because West Berlin demolished most of its tram network to free more space for cars, while East Berlin even constructed new routes:
And this is the center, where transit routes are densest:
Behind the scenes
If you like my map and would like to recreate it for your own city, you can find a step-by-step guide with all the details, including the process of uploading geocoded data into Datawrapper, below.
Preparation
First, we need the data. It can be useful to have a cheat sheet to consult in case one’s memory of the train frequencies in some segments is hazy (for example, I don't clearly remember most of the parts of the tram network in Schöneweide and Köpenick, or to the west of Schönhauser Allee), as a way to double-check that the data is correct.
For this, I created a spreadsheet with the following information:
On the first sheet, I entered all the raw data with frequencies for every route, to have it at hand (e.g. for S1: 2 pairs of trains per 20 minutes between Potsdam and Frohnau, 1 pair of trains between Frohnau and Oranienburg). The schedules can be downloaded from https://www.bvg.de/de/verbindungen/linienuebersicht (for every line, there is a Fahrplan PDF).
Then, I identified all meaningful stations and other points in the network with changeable frequencies (because of branching, or because it is a terminus for some trains). So I have, for example, “Ostkreuz-West” (where S9 joins the Stadtbahn), "Ostkreuz-South" (where S9 joins the Ringbahn), and "Ostkreuz-East" (where S3 branches off S5, S7, and S75), but Friedrichstraße is not on this list, because while it is an intersection, there are no branches, and no trains terminate there. This produced 153 points. I've also added a short key code for every point for simplicity (e.g. T-WSePP for Weißensee Pasedagplatz tram stop). To make sure there are no bugs in this list, I configured it to highlight duplicate names or keys in red.
Then, I identified all segments with no changes in frequencies, listing key codes for their start and end points, using two additional columns to expand these codes into point names from the previous sheet, and a third column to construct a key code for this segment (a combination of key codes for its start and end points in alphabetic order). To make sure there are no bugs in this list, I configured it to highlight rows with incorrect key codes and duplicate entries (regardless of their order) in red. This sheet had 209 rows.
For every route from the first sheet, I split them into segments from the previous sheet, and highlighted any rows which do not refer to a segment listed on the previous sheet, do not start where the previous segment ended, or do not end where the next segment starts, to avoid bugs.
And finally, by combining the third sheet with the fourth, I produced a dataset of all segments and their aggregate frequencies across all routes.
How I built the map
There is a useful website https://overpass-turbo.eu/ which helps you find all OpenStreetMap features for any given filters in a target area (and figuring out the filters is easy with the "Query map features" item in the context menu on https://www.openstreetmap.org/).
I originally made the mistake of using the "route=subway" filter, which produced 18 polyline features, one for each U-Bahn line in each direction. The problem is that these polylines also include station platforms (so they would be very jiggly and unclean), and that, while it would be manageable to split them around Nollendorfplatz / Wittenbergplatz, it would be much more difficult to do the same for S-Bahn and trams.
Instead, I used the "railway=subway" filter ("railway=tram" for trams, "railway=light_rail" for S-Bahn plus "construction:railway=light_rail" for Lichtenrade-Blankenfelde section which is now being rebuilt as part of general Dresdner Bahn construction works). This produces all tracks divided into their own stretches.
There are recommendations to "simplify" the exported data, but this should only be done at the very end, if necessary at all. Otherwise, since the exported data contains thousands of track stretches, they will be "simplified" individually, which will not affect the output size very much but might significantly decrease the quality of long and winding track stretches.
Another thing to keep in mind is to only use a single track for every segment. Using several tracks will produce several lines, which might blend into what will look like one line at small zoom levels or on low-res screens, but will split into several on higher zoom levels, adding visual clutter. Even when the lines blend into one, the resulting line will be thicker than individual lines (because it actually is a combination of two individual lines centered on different tracks), and its thickness will fluctuate depending on the distance between tracks (or their number), making the entire chart less polished. I learned this the hard way.
Choosing the right track is a separate problem. Ideally, the result should represent the "lanes" as described at the beginning of this post. For adjacent segments without branches this can mean alternating between tracks, e.g. using the eastern track for the S-Bahn Waidmannslust-Frohnau segment, and the western track from Frohnau to the point where S8 joins before Hohen Neuendorf. That way, the thicker line and the thinner line are centered on different tracks, and their western edges are closer to each other (ideally one being a direct continuation of the other) and eastern ones further apart than if they were centered on the same track. I learned this the hard way, too.
Finally, I hyperfocused on mapping these exported track stretches into my track segments on https://mapshaper.org/. To do this: click on a mouse pointer, "Select features", select track stretches for another network segment, "Split", switch the layer back to the main one, and repeat. To split a single track stretch when needed, draw a closed polygon on https://geojson.io/, export it into geojson, import it into mapshaper, open the console, execute divide -source=POLYGON_LAYER_NAME -target=LAYER_WITH_TRACKS, and get every polyline in that layer that was crossing any polygon divided into two parts, one inside the polygon, another outside.
(I also learned a lot in the process! Did you know that the German Wikipedia article on Kniprodestraße has one word for every 15 centimeters of the street’s length? Or that two additional tracks on the platforms of U5 Alexanderplatz were built for the new U-Bahn line that was planned a century ago to run to Weißensee, underneath what is now the M4 tram?)
After this is done, for every layer with a network segment: execute style stroke-width=NUMBER_OF_TRAINS_FOR_THIS_SEGMENT, display everything except for the main layer (containing everything that wasn't used in segment layers), and if everything looks OK, export the results (to have a backup copy of all these individual stretches, just in case), then remove unused layers, execute dissolve copy-fields=stroke-width target=* to merge all polylines into one polyline for each remaining layer while preserving their widths, execute merge-layers target=* to get them into a single layer (so that they can be exported into a single GeoJSON), and execute style stroke=#COLOR. In the end, I created 17 polyline features for U-Bahn (from the original 1256), 55 polyline features for S-Bahn (from the original 3051), and 103 for trams (from the original 2365), and I decided to display them in their customary shades of blue, green and red.
Now all that remains is to import these GeoJSON files into Datawrapper. There is a limit which only lets you import up to 20 line markers at once. But thankfully, Datawrapper merges all separate polyline features with the same attributes into one line marker, so there is, for example, only one for "all segments of tram network with two trams per 20 minutes" and there are only 26 line markers total.
That's it!
I’m not sure if the way I’ve done it is the best way (or even the right one) because this is my first experience working with anything map-related! But I hope you find it interesting to explore the results.
And next time you’re out walking in the woods on a winter day, you can check this map and make sure you don’t freeze too long waiting for a train home!
That’s it from me! Next week you’ll hear from our co-founder and CTO Gregor.
|
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https://www.smh.com.au/traveller/inspiration/twenty-reasons-to-visit-berlin-20120914-25wog.html
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en
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Twenty reasons to visit Berlin
|
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[
"David Whitley"
] |
2012-09-15T17:00:01+00:00
|
From art and museums to kebabs and beer, this is the best on offer in Berlin.
|
en
|
/favicons/smh.ico
|
The Sydney Morning Herald
|
https://www.smh.com.au/traveller/inspiration/twenty-reasons-to-visit-berlin-20120914-25wog.html
|
Some East Berliners pine for the old communist days, with the most obvious symbol of this nostalgia for East Germany being the Ampelmann. The jaunty green man from the traffic lights has restaurants and souvenir shops based on him. The best spot to dip into the "Ostalgie" wave, however, is the DDR Museum. It presents a somewhat glossed-over view of life in communist-controlled East Germany, showing the shabby imitations of Western products and clothing that East Berliners put up with. It also touches on a huge network of informers created by the secret police, the Stasi, and suggests that the German love of nudity was a reaction to the tightly controlled society. ddr-museum.de.
5 Badeschiff
If it's unflustered nudity you're after, then this utterly bizarre swimming pool/sauna/bar is full of it. The cocoon-like building sits on the River Spree and acts as a giant skinny-dipping arena. The pool is odd enough, but the people sitting naked on the bar stools are a bit more disconcerting. arena-berlin.de/index.php/badeschiff.
6 Nightlife
Berlin is not a sedate city and nights can last as long as you want them to. Some of the edgier clubs in Friedrichshain are arrive-Friday-evening-leave-Sunday-afternoon affairs, but numerous areas are suited to carefree bar-hopping. Northern Neukolln is where the too-cool-for-school crowd can be found; Kreuzberg is where they have moved on from, leaving a great buzz with less attitude. Oranienburger Strasse has long been abandoned to the tourists, but it's still fun for a cheap cocktail crawl.
7 Brewing renaissance
Germany is famous for its beer, and most of the good ones come from Bavaria. A few Berlin brewers are trying to change that, and have opened bars to sell their own products. Try Eschenbrau near Wedding station, the Schoppebrau beers at Bier Kombinat Kreuzberg, and Brewbaker's somewhat experimental range in the Arminiushalle. eschenbraeu.de, bier-kombinat.de, brewbaker.de.
8 Doner kebabs
And to help those beers go down? It has to be one of Berlin's contributions to the world of junk food. Currywurst - chopped sausage attacked with curry powder - is rightly famous only in Berlin. The doner kebab, however, has gone worldwide. It was invented in 1971 by Turkish immigrant Mahmut Aygun at his Hasir restaurant in Kreuzberg. Hasir is still open, although kebab quality across the city is almost universally good. hasir.de.
9 The Brandenburg Gate
It's the symbol of Berlin, and an undeniably impressive one when you get close to it. But it has a more powerful impact when you understand its historic importance. The Quadriga - a giant statue of a goddess riding a four-horse chariot - was taken to Paris by Napoleon when he conquered the city. It's now back, pointedly looking out over the French embassy. But the recent history is more powerful. The gate somehow survived World War II, even though everything around it was levelled. When the wall went up, it was left in the death strip - the city's symbol, stranded where people on both sides could see it, but they could not touch it.
10 Bearpit karaoke
Every Sunday afternoon - weather permitting - Irish bike messenger Joe Hatchiban rocks up to the amphitheatre in the Mauerpark with his karaoke equipment. A thousand or so people then crowd round, fuelled by enterprising beer salesmen, to cheer on brave amateur singers. Quality of singing isn't a priority. Passion and willingness to shamelessly entertain are rewarded with the biggest cheers. bearpitkaraoke.com.
11 Museumsinsel
For culture of a more traditional nature, Museumsinsel (Museum Island) is Berlin's centrepiece. Five world-class museums are crammed onto the island. The Neues Museum and Pergamon Museum concentrate on archaeology, with superb Roman, Greek and Egyptian artefacts. For art, head to the Altes Museum, Alte Nationalgalerie and Bode Museum - all would be the star attraction in many cities.
12 Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra
Continuing along highbrow lines, the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra is regarded by many as the best in the world. Conducted by wild-haired Brit Simon Rattle, semi-regular performances take place at the Philharmonie on the south side of the giant Tiergarten park. berliner-philharmoniker.de.
13 The Holocaust Memorial
Peter Eisenman's Holocaust Memorial has proved highly controversial in Berlin, partly because it takes up a huge amount of prime development land and partly because it doesn't seem to represent anything in particular. It's a large field of concrete blocks, no two the same size, that gradually get higher as you walk in. Architect Eisenman has deliberately never explained what the blocks are supposed to represent, but the feelings of claustrophobia and intimidation as you walk further seem appropriate. The metaphor of terror creeping up slowly and suddenly finding yourself in too deep seems appropriate.
14 Topographie des Terrors
If the walking tour doesn't hammer the horrors of Nazi Berlin home, then the Topographie des Terrors will. It stands on the site of the old Gestapo headquarters and offers an extraordinarily detailed account of the era. The key personalities of the regime are profiled, and the final section shows how disturbingly few of them were brought to justice. topographie.de.
15 Third Reich walking tours
You find out just how appropriate the feeling is on a walking tour of key sites from the Third Reich. Many have been taken down - Hitler's bunker lies under a nondescript car park and many of the pompous Nazi buildings were destroyed in World War II. Some - such as the old Luftwaffe HQ - still loom intimidatingly large, but context is the key to such tours. Berlin Walks employs knowledgable guides who manage to paint the picture beautifully. They help you realise that the Nazis were a product of the awful financial mess Germany was in at the time, and that they played by the rules on their way up the ladder to dictatorial power. berlinwalks.de.
16 The Reichstag
The home of the German Parliament is a key icon in the nation's history. The turning point in the Nazis' rise to power came when it was burnt down in 1933 - almost certainly at Hitler's request. Images of Soviet soldiers flying flags from the Reichstag were the iconic photos of the fall of Berlin in 1945. After German unification, the Reichstag was renovated. A stunning glass dome by Sir Norman Foster forms the highlight of tours of the building. The tours must be pre-booked. bundestag.de.
17 Street-art workshops
The company Alternative Berlin heads to the train yards as part of its street-art tours, but the really cool part comes back at its HQ. It teaches visitors the basics of street art, starting with stencils a wannabe Banksy would use, before letting them loose with spray paint. The guides running the classes try to demonstrate more complicated techniques, but everyone is encouraged to try their own ideas. alternativeberlin.com.
18 Murals
Berlin is arguably the street-art capital of the world at the moment, largely because the city authorities have given up in the battle against graffiti. There is plenty of lazy tagging around, but there are also hugely impressive murals on buildings across the city. Ambling through the districts of Friedrichshain and Kreuzberg is the best way to see some of the standouts. However, for a concentration, head to the abandoned train yards east of Warschauer Strasse station. A mishmash of bars, galleries, nightclubs and performance spaces has moved into the unloved buildings, and muralists from around the world have been allowed to do their thing.
19 Art hotels
The creative side isn't limited to the streets: Berlin is full of hotels with an artistic bent. The Arte Luise Kunsthotel is a beautiful example. The rooms are set around a leafy courtyard and each one acts as a gallery for the work of a different artist. The walls are covered in their paintings, and the artist gets a royalty payment as part of the room rate. luise-berlin.com.
20 Accommodation bargains
If cost rather than creativity is the key issue when picking a hotel, then you're in luck. By European standards, Berlin's hotels are absurdly cheap. Four stars can generally be found for as little as $50, and five stars tend to start about $115. It makes Berlin a brilliant spot for an extended stop on the European circuit.
The writer was a guest of Visit Berlin.
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https://cityseeker.com/berlin/best-shopping-districts_S1
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Best Shopping Districts in Berlin
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[
"Best Shopping Districts",
"Berlin"
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[] | null |
en
|
cityseeker
|
https://cityseeker.com/berlin/best-shopping-districts_S1
|
Arkonaplatz is a little square at the border of Mitte and Prenzlauer Berg that is just a few minutes walk away from the famous Mauerpark. While many people visit the Mauerpark market on Sundays, this hidden gem isn't even half as crowded. The prices might not be cheaper, but the quality is generally better. From furniture and antiques to clothes and records, almost everything sold at Arkonaplatz is of better quality than on the bigger markets. Moreover, the square itself is a nice place to hang out on a Sunday since you are surrounded by cafés and restaurants, which are definitely worth a try.
Kurfürstendamm dates back to the 16th Century when Electoral Prince Joachim II constructed a path connecting his palace on Unter den Linden with his hunting lodge in Grunewald forest. In the late 19th Century, Bismarck transformed the simple street into a prestigious boulevard lined by stunning town houses. Destroyed during World War II and rebuilt in the ensuing decades, 'Ku'damm,' as Berliners affectionately call it, is still a symbol of wealth and prosperity.
The first section of Schloßstraße is characterized by beautiful bourgeois houses with turrets and ornate gable roofs. Yet it is the section between the Bierpinsel and Forum Steglitz that Schloßstraße is most famous for. Even though Schloßstraße isn't as recognizable as Kurfürstendamm or Friedrichstraße, it is still one of Berlin's most popular shopping streets. Out here, shoppers will find all that they can dream of - ritzy department stores, small family-run shops, fashion boutiques, supermarkets, banks, restaurants and a multi-screen cinema, Titania Palast. Schloßstraße has two or three U-Bahn stations, the most interesting of which is Schloßstraße station itself, a prime example of garish 1970's architecture.
Friedrichstraße is Berlin's answer to the Champs Elysées, Oxford Street and Fifth Avenue, a vibrant melting pot where history, culture, entertainment and fashion meet. Before the fall of the Wall, the southern section of Friedrichstraße was located in the West, and the northern part in the East. Beginning at Mehringplatz in Kreuzberg, the three kilometer-long (1.86 miles) street leads through the heart of the city centre, past the former border crossing at Checkpoint Charlie, to Oranienburger Tor, Berlin's pulsating nightlife district. Historically, the area around Stadtmitte underground station used to be Berlin's premier shopping district. The crossroads at Leipziger Straße were lined with swanky boutiques before wartime bombs left their mark. The new shopping district is now centered around Französische Straße underground station, and includes the fabulous Galeries Lafayette, the exclusive Quartier 206 and the awe-inspiring Friedrichstadtpassagen shopping mall - three of Berlin's architectural highlights. The northern section of the street leads into theater town. A magnet for theater-goers since the 19th century, visitors still pour into places like the Friedrichstadtpalast, Berliner Ensemble, Deutsches Theater and Kammerspiele.
Over the years, Mulackstraße has emerged as one of the most popular shopping districts in Berlin. Located in Mitte district, this street is lined with great businesses, shops and boutiques like Lala Berlin, Weisser Laden, C’est Tout and Butterfly Soulfire, to name a few. Apart from this, there are bigger names like Adidas, Lee, Converse, and among many others that call Mulackstraße home. Usually abuzz with locals and tourists on a serious shopping mission, this street is a must visit when in Berlin.
The original Alexanderplatz, locally called 'Alex' by Berliners, was completely flattened during World War II. Its present day appearance is a prime example of East German town planning: a huge, windswept pedestrian area surrounded by 1960s high-rises. But those who are familiar with Alexanderplatz from Alfred Döblin's novel of the same name will find that none of the hustle and bustle of the square has disappeared. Alexanderplatz is still very much a commuters' thoroughfare and is regarded by locals as the true center of Berlin. Named after Russian Czar Alexander I who visited the Prussian capital in 1805, Alexanderplatz was at the center of the mass-demonstrations which brought the Berlin Wall tumbling down in November 1989.
In the early 19th Century, Hackescher Markt was still a muddy swamp situated outside Berlin's city gates. Yet as the industrial revolution gained hold, new businesses and booming industries set up shop here, bringing wealth and prosperity to the whole area. Hackescher Markt's main claim to fame, however, is its S-Bahn station. Constructed at the height of the railway boom in the late 19th Century, with a red-tiled facade, mosaics and rounded windows, this is one of Berlin's most attractive stations. Originally known as Bahnhof Börse because of its proximity to the Berlin Stock Exchange, the square in front of the station was renamed Marx-Engels-Platz by party apparatchiks during the socialist era. Nowadays, the station is used primarily by visitors to the nearby Hackesche Höfe complex, a labyrinth of courtyards brimming with cafès, restaurants, boutiques and art galleries. A cinema, theater and the Oranienburger Straße nightlife strip complete the list of attractions in this increasingly popular district.
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848
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dbpedia
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2
| 81
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https://tripver.com/guide/europe-de-coded/
|
en
|
CODED: A HAPPY TRIPPING GUIDE
|
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2018-08-29T10:48:18+00:00
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en
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Tripver
|
https://tripver.com/guide/europe-de-coded/
|
All set to see Europe ! Explore the continent that brought us Nutella, Yves Saint Laurent, Skype and that fabulous bearded lady from Eurovision. Europe, we salute you. 😃
To get the most out of your Euro trip, without breaking the bank & for better personal DIY planning we are sending you this link with essential details. These details will be also sent across to you daily as per the trip itinerary by I Trip Scout on whatsapp. You may use this information as a ready reckoner or an advance planner during the coming 11 days of your trip.
SUMMARY OF THE TRIP
August 23- Day 1- Flight from India
August 23- Day 1- Overnight stay at Budapest 1
August 24- Day 2- Budapest Hop on Hop Off
August 24- Day 2- Night River Cruise
August 24- Day 2- Overnight stay Budapest 2
August 25- Day 3- Bus (Budapest- Prague)
August 25- Day 3- Overnight stay at Prague 1
August 26– Day 4- Prague Exploration Day
August 26- Day 4- Overnight stay at Prague 2
August 27- Day 5- Bus (Prague-Berlin)
August 27- Day 5- Overnight Stay in Berlin 1
August 28- Day 6- Berlin Exploration Day
August 28- Day 6- Overnight stay at Berlin 2
August 29- Day 7- Overnight Bus (Berlin- Amsterdam)
August 30- Day 8- Overnight stay at Amsterdam 1
August 31- Day 9 – Amsterdam Hop on Hop Off
August 31- Day 9- Overnight at Amsterdam 2
September 01-Day 10- Overnight at Amsterdam 3
September 02- Day 11- Departure from Amsterdam
EURO ITINERARY HACKS:
Day 1- Departure From India
Say goodbye to your city & head to the airport. Flash you VISA to the immigration in full SWAG ! The Euro trip has finally begun.
Note: Please note that any changes/fluctuations in the flight timings depend on airlines and several international norms and regulations. Tripver has no control over such changes/fluctuations.
DAY 1- HELLO HUNGARY!
Budapest, the capital of Hungary awaits you. Take on a city with enough baroque, neoclassical and art nouveau architecture to keep you puzzled for hours. Budapest is not just about its architecture that’ll keep you intrigued, but it’s known for its ultimate party & nightlife scenes. As the sun sets we embark on another epic adventure from the heart of Budapest party district out to the wildest pub crawl this city can offer !
-How to reach hostel from Airport: The shuttle bus 100E runs between Budapest Airport to the city centre. It is normally operational from 12:00 AM to 11:40 PM. However, bus timings are subject to change as per local city regulations. You may buy the tickets from BKK Vending machines or get more details from BKK Customer Service Points at the airport. The ticket price is around HUF 900 (Eur 3). The nearest point to your hostel is Kelvin Ter. You may deboard the bus at Kelvin Ter and walk for 400 mtrs to reach Flow Hostel.
–About Hostel: You’ll be staying at Flow Hostel. (Hostel Address: Flow Hostel, Budapest, Gönczy Pál u. 2, 1093 Hungary)
Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/4etArwpfwkq
-Suggestions:
-Budapest is known for its Ruin Bars. Szimpla Kert set the nightlife standard when it opened in the Jewish Quarter in 2001, spawning several copy-cat bar experiences that have come to define a Budapest night out
–Rosenstein Restaurant 😎 serves the best traditional Hungarian and Hungarian-Jewish food in Budapest. Tibor Rosenstein, a by now legendary figure in Budapest’s culinary scene, opened the restaurant in 1996, which is still run by the family with the kitchen. is
Google Map Location : https://goo.gl/maps/NCf3J255uTE2
-You may head out to Castro Bisztro (just 1.4 kms from your hostel)
During the day, Castro Bisztro looks like a cosy restaurant serving tasty dishes, but as night falls the scene transforms into a parTAY! Have a drink or two, and choose from the wide selection of traditional dishes (the goulash here is INSANE and only costs 950 HUF). Castro Bisztro have created an atmosphere and menu to be reckoned with!
Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/YNn3braMaP72
–Gelarto Rosa is an independent chain of artisanal ice cream stores in the heart of Budapest. They are taste of tradition, intimacy, and romance in the glorious Szent István Square. Ice-cream is hand-made on the premises, from the finest organic ingredients, using traditional (artisanal) Italian ice-cream making techniques, and shaped by our skilled staff into our artistic rose shape.
DAY 2- BADASS BUDAPEST
A Hop On Hop Off tour will historically introduce you to the magnificence of this town including the Danube Promenade, Heroes square & the #InstaPerfect Castle district. Enjoy lunch at the old square and finish with yummy Kürtőskalács (chimney cake). Spend your evening witnessing a sunset over the Danube River #Goals. The night scene at the many town-squares is perfect for a crazy night.
A Hop On Hop Off tour will historically introduce you to the magnificence of this town including the Danube Promenade, Heroes square & the #InstaPerfect Castle district. Enjoy lunch at the old square and finish with yummy Kürtőskalács (chimney cake). Spend your evening witnessing a sunset over the Danube River #Goals. The night scene at the many town-squares is perfect for a crazy night.
Hop On Hop Off: The tickets for your Hop On & Hop Off shall be send across to every individual traveler 2 hours prior to the scheduled Hop On Hop Off plan.
Nearest Boarding Point: The nearest boarding point for Hop On Hop Off is Fovam Square. It’s just 500 mts/ 5 minutes walk from your hostel. (Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/X8VCxjYe7Vt )
-Hop On Hop Off Buses starts at 08:30 AM and runs till 05:30 PM at a duration of every 30 minutes. You may start your Hop On Hop Off at any time between operational hours.
Here are a few places which you may cover in Budapest:
-Buda Castle
-Hungarian Parliament Building
-Heroes’ Square (Hosök tere)
-Margaret Island
-St. Stephen Basilica
-Fisherman’s Bastion
River Cruise: River Cruise starts at 10:00 AM and operates till 10:00 PM. You may take it anytime during the operational hours. We suggest our travelers to take it during the evening to witness the city light up. 😍
Boarding Point: Boarding Point for Danube River cruise is ‘Vigado Square Dock 8A terminal’.
-Other Suggestions:
-Wake up early and there is this small walk up the tiny hill to the Liberty Statue, this takes you from Buda to Pest… the reason why we suggest you walk it up is that the view gets amazing and this tiny garden-forest in the middle of the city is perfect for some me time. On your way down you can also visit an cave turn into a church before you go for your Hop On Hop Off.
(Liberty statue Google Map Location : https://goo.gl/maps/GzcLY7ofFeG2 )
–Head off to the waters at the Gellert Baths – ( hey, don’t leave till you’re pruny ). 😅 There are 80+ thermal springs in Budapest but this is the most famous.
(Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/X16EHVb1Q5n )
-Indulge in a spa treatment then visit the Buda Castle or House of Terror Museum
*Buda Castle Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/uxSEQ5eJnKJ2
*House of Terror Museum Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/8V3ojmAGzMD2 )
-In the evening hang with the hipsters & drink local fruit brandy. Chill out and absorb the culture, get out on the streets and visit one of the many Ruin Bars for a quick drink, you can also head out to the town square and see the parliament lit up. You can also pick up a beer at one of the supermarkets around and sit on the Liberty bridge (the old green bridge)
(Liberty Bridge Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/5D6nE1Re9hG2 )
–2 Spaghi Favorite among locals, this place serves amazing Italian food. They use their homemade sauces and their pesto sauce is incredibly popular with the crowd. Best part, it’s just 1.4 kms away from your hostel.
(Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/VqXDRsY2Sj12 )
–Drum Cafe They serve traditional Hungarian meals with a twist and are loved by local crowd for their amazing ‘Goulash’. They also have a good variety of craft beers and wines.
(Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/Wu36wUsodrQ2 )
-Make sure you guys meet for dinner because the Hungarian Goulash is something 🙂
-SOUVENIR SHOPS:
If you wish to buy some souvenirs for your friends and family back home, you can visit Paprika Market. It’s one of the best markets in Budapest, a bit touristy though. (Google Map Location https://goo.gl/maps/pQ8DP2tQqUn )
-Another option is Budapest Souvenirs. Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/Z5xH4Fq32JD2
-VEG MEAL OPTIONS:
–1.96 Zen Etterem: This place has a good variety of vegetarian as well as vegan meal options along with smoothies and Taiwanese tea. (Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/gKRzBLe3UkB2 )
–Curry House: This place serves Indian and Asian food with both options of Veg and NonVeg. Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/BgXBSxioy2z
DAY 3: BUDAPEST TO PRAGUE
Shoot one last longing look at the Baroque Buda before arriving in Prague, the capital of Czech Republic. Pack your bags and hop on to your local transport and get ready & head to Prague #NextStop 🚎. Reach the city by evening & chill out with new hostel mates. By evening head out for some awesome Czech Food, crafted beers & Trdelník (kinda special czeh pastry). #Newlife
Bus from Budapest to Prague:
– Your bus will depart at 09:55 AM from Budapest Nepliget Bus Station (Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/ZFDRN5XB74Q2 )
Do ensure you make it at least 30 minutes prior to the boarding, else you may miss the bus & keep your e tickets/passport handy. You’ll reach Prague (UAN Florenc bus station) at 17:55 hrs.
Directions from Flow Hostel to Budapest Nepliget Bus Station:
From Flow Hostel walk for around (4 minutes/400 mts) to reach station .There is a vehicle bus/tram which departs from Kálvin tér M and arriving at Népliget M. It takes around 20 mins.
About Prague:
Prague, the city of Hundred Spires, is the capital of Czech Republic. Dotted with vintage monuments and Bohemian culture, this city is known for its Old Town Square. Not surprisingly, visitors from around the world have come in droves, and on a hot summer’s day it can feel like you’re sharing Charles Bridge with half of humanity.
About Hostel:
You are staying at Safestay Prague. Hostel Ananas is located right at the lower part of Wenceslas Square, the very centre 😆 and one of the most bustling parts of Prague. Wohooo ! A different country a different experience. 😉
(Hostel Address:Ostrovní 131/15, 110 00 Nové Město, Czechia)
Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/X1aHJQck4DRBxVAFA
Directions from Prague (UAN Florenc Bus Station) to Safestay Hostel:
-Walk for about 250 mts to reach Florenc Metro Station
-Take Metro B from Florenc station going in the direction of Zličín and deboard at Národní třída
-Walk for another 400 mts to reach Hostel Safestay Prague.
Suggestions:
Head to Charles Bridge. It’s the most iconic bridges in Prague which connects Old Prague Center to Mala Strana, which means “Little Side”. The bridge is protected by three imposing Gothic towers and is home to thirty Baroque-style statues and statuaries.
Evening Dinner & Chilling Options: For dinner, we suggest you ‘Restaurace U Houdku’
( Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/C2sRmVszYT52 )
Its one of the best place as per many others to taste the real Czech food in affordable price. Once we ate pork ribs, pork with honey and plum sauce, salad and 3 large beers. We payed less than 650 Kč. 😉 Oh ! By the way they have vegetarian options too.
DAY 4: PARTY PRAGUE
Start your Prague exploration with the medieval Charles Bridge, the astronomical clock and cover everything in between. By evening channel your inner bohemian and seek out the John Lennon memorial wall, then soak up some more Czech history at the National Museum or get a taste of the quirky local culture at a marionette puppet opera. The night is yours to make 😁 be it at a nightclub or an easy cafe.
Prague also has options for Hop On Hop Off and guided walking tours. You may go for one or may pick to explore Prague on your own. Hostels also have options for walking tours and experiences for the travelers. You may check with hostel reception desk too.
SUGGESTIONS:
Prague also has options for Hop On Hop Off and guided walking tours. You may go for one or may pick to explore Prague on your own. Hostels also have options for walking tours and experiences for the travelers. You may check with hostel reception desk too.
SUGGESTIONS:
Here are some places which you may visit:
Prague Castle is the largest ancient castle in the world and one of the most important landmarks in Prague.
Old Town Square It has Gothic Buildings dating back to the 14th century, which will make you feel like you have stepped back in time. Do not miss Astronomical Clock when you go to Old Town Square.
John Lennon Wall It is the homage to the famous poet, singer, and song writer and now is a living art project.
Not just party and history, Prague also offers a wide range of food options. Here are some handpicked recommendations:
TRDELNÍK – CHIMNEY CAKE: Trdelník are made of rolled yeast dough trdelník stands all over the city and some are better than others. These pastries are Transylvanian and Slovakian in origin but commonly found around Central and Eastern Europe in countries such as Hungary, Austria, Romania, and the Czech Republic.
(Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/WRHG74opuER2 )
GingerBread: GINGERBREAD AT PERNÍČKŮV SEN: Cutest bakery I’ve seen, but the gingerbread was some of the best I’ve had. At Perníčkův sen, the owners make gingerbread and regional Czech cookies using the traditional recipe of honey, butter, nuts, and warm spices.
(Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/XQQeBeSD8zk )
Beer: BEER, EVERYWHERE! If you visit Prague Castle (you should), consider a visit to Strahov Monastic Brewery after your visit. You’ll find a brew pub, restaurant, and a lovely outdoor patio that’s the perfect place to relax after a long day of sightseeing. The brewery dates back to the 17th century and still brews beer using traditional recipes from long ago. Order the unfiltered St. Norbert beer in either dark or amber.
(Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/MqxanX6MthB2 )
-There are few other places which you can try for Beer.
Bad Flash Bar, Krymská 126/2, 101 00 Praha 10, Czechia (Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/NvmiQVvrtoy )
BeerGeek Bar, Vinohradská 988/62, 130 00 Žižkov, Czechia (Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/JFsgQnDNUMC2 )
-SOUVENIR SHOPS:
-Pragtique: If you really want to bring back home something original, you should skip the overpriced souvenir shops along all the major touristy routes! Pragtique is a little concept store, or rather smart gallery, well hidden in house atrium called Platýz. (Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/PkEXrScUpR92 )
–Prague Souvenir Shop: This is another shop where you can head out to for getting something for your loved ones back home. Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/PyTCo7XaMR52
-VEG MEAL OPTIONS
–Estrella restaurant: This vegetarian-friendly place is one of the best places in Prague to grab lunch and dinner. Google Map Loaction: https://goo.gl/maps/WJQ8mUSjv3Q2
–Yori Restaurant: This restraunt serves Thai, Asian food with great options for Vegetarians as well as Non Vegetarians. Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/zAA9W35bjzz
DAY 5: PRAGUE TO BERLIN
Germany awaits you. Have a quick shower and rush to catch the bus to your new stop Berlin.
Bus from Prague to Berlin:
–Your bus is scheduled to leave from Prague(UAN Florenc Bus Station) at 11:10 AM. Google map location: https://goo.gl/maps/tfHaDWvPqUG2 )
-We strongly recommend you to be at the bus station at least 30 minutes prior to your bus departure. Keep your passport and e tickets handy.🚎
-You will reach Berlin by 15:55 hrs at Berlin Central Bus Station.
About Berlin:
Berlin, the capital of the forever serious Germany. However, the undercurrent of coolness will win you over from the moment you step foot on this town. High on history, yet a party paradise, this city never sleeps.
About Hostel:
You are staying in Generator Hostel Mitte. The name of your hostel is Generator Hostel “Mitte”. Berlin’s central Mitte (literally “middle”) borough, places you right in the heart of the action.
(Hostel Address: Oranienburger Str. 65, 10117 Berlin, Germany)
Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/moworispYwr
Directions from Berlin Central Bus Station to Hostel:
-Walk for about 250 mts and reach Messe Nord/ICC (Witzleben) train station.
–Take metro S41 going towards Ringbahn S 41 and get down at “Gesundbrunnen“ station.
-Once you get down at “Gesundbrunnen“, you’ll require to change train.
-There are multiple trains which goes towards “Oranienburger Straße” station which is the nearest station to Generator Mitte.
-Trains S1, S2, S25, and S26 are a few of them. Please note that “Oranienburger Straße” station is not the last station for these trains, it is one of the stops in the route.
-Do check the train route before boarding so that you do not end up boarding the train going in the opposite direction.
-Deboard at “Oranienburger Straße” station and walk for about 1 minute to reach Generator Mitte.
SUGGESTIONS:
There is a casual restaurant called “House of small wonder” at a walking distance from the hostel in case you wanna sip a coffee. Opens around 9 00 AM. As you are in the centre of the city you have other options too. (Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/Wk6m3ULxnAs )
SHOUT OUT: Here are few things we thought you may want to know about Germany: 😁 Burgers originated from Germany, Black forest cakes came from Germany, Germany beers are known for its taste all across the world & Crazy football mania.
As you are in centre you are spoilt with choices. But here are few authentic things you gotta try:
-For Burgers, we recommend you Burgermeister Schlesisches Tor. They spreads his freshly prepared burgers, crispy fries and homemade dips among his people until late at night. Some followers consider the burgers the best in town – whether this is true or not inexperienced voters should find out by themselves – but the chili burger is certainly the hottest you can presently get in Berlin. Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/8yvE5hzaH232
–For black forest cakes & epic desserts walks you may head to Konditorei Buchwald. Followers considers this to be original recipe for black forest. Cakes here melts in your mouth. Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/KRYgSBHEqy42
-Beer: Zum Starken August is an unexpected treat in Prenzlauer Berg. 😉This bar was completely renovated in order to pay homage to one of the owner’s circus roots. Personal touches, such as the old family circus photos which line the wall leading to the bathroom, lend a nostalgic quality and contribute to the overall theme. Take a seat on one of the comfy sofas and watch one of the many eclectic performances offered, such as burlesque shows, wild bingo stories, live performances, and porno karaoke.🤣Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/oQP8s6TAjQm
–We suggest you to be cautious of your personal safety especially in Berlin. Refrain from going to East Germany at night or late evening.
DAY 6: BERLIN EXPLORATION
We raise the tempo of the trip today. Let’s tick off all the touristy places including the Brandenburg, Reichstag, Berlin Wall amongst others during the first half of the day and everyone covers museums on their list by evening. But by night get yourself busy with the amazing scene of Berlin as we crawl from one pub to another 😀, savoring fabled German beers and devouring local burgers with a crowd that refuses to be boring ! #LiveItUp
Berlin also has options for Hop On Hop Off and guided walking tours. You may go for one or may pick to explore Berlin on your own. Hostels also have options for walking tours and experiences for the travelers. You may check with hostel reception desk too.
-SUGGESTIONS:
Want to go touristy without a Hop On Hop Off or walking tour? Then you may visit these places:
Brandenburg Gate It is one of the Germany’s most recognisable sight. It is a neoclassical monument which is a symbol of separation between East and West Berlin.
Reichstag Another historical site to visit in Berlin is the Reichstag, a place where the Parliament sits. It has a glass dome, which represents the political transparency of the city.
Berlin Cathedral Berliner Dom, otherwise known as the Berlin Cathedral, is a Neo-Renaissance style building built in 1905. It is one of the most preferred places by the travelers.
Museum Island Located in the middle of the Spree River, Museum Island (also known as Museumsinsel Berlin) is a complex that was awarded UNESCO World Heritage Site status.
–Berghain If you run the gauntlet and get in, be prepared for a night, day and night again of dancing in a Matrix-esque, post-apocalyptic settings. It’s one of the good techno nightclubs of Berlin and it’s Friday night, so be prepared for long queues.
Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/h4CeoNWhXNz
-VEG MEAL OPTIONS:
-Delhi 6: Just in case you’re missing home, you can head out to this place to try some Indian Food in Berlin. Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/eSZhY9HrQKP2 )
–Com Viet: This quaint restaurant is centrally located and serves Veg as well as Non Veg meals along with beer/wines at reasonable prices. ( Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/JbnbebQsZVx )
DAY 7: BERLIN DIY AND OVERNIGHT RIDE TO AMSTERDAM
This is your day, because #Vacations…Visit the quirky Bond Museum or just chill by the Spree. Explore the city, shop for souvenirs and make your friends jealous by spamming their insta feed! By night hop on your ride to Amsterdam ! #NextStop
IMPORTANT: The Check Out time for your hostel is 10:00 AM. You may store your bags at hostel after check out by paying additional charge applicable as per the hostel policy.
SUGGESTIONS:
Here are few places you may visit in Berlin:
–Bathing Lakes Brandenburg, the state that encircles Berlin, is known as the land of 3,000 lakes 😍 and a visit to one is the perfect antidote to any of the Berlin vices—beer, cigarettes, sausage—to which you may have succumbed. A good number of the lakes are reachable by public transport and whether for sailing, swimming or strolling, each lake has its own distinct character, and every Berliner has his or her favourite.
Few lakes you may visit are:
Plötzensee: Near to a public park, it is a great place to grab a beer and chill (Google Map Location : https://goo.gl/maps/GTGRJXRH8XBYkpwP7 )
Lake Tegel: This beautiful lake has options for water sports, boat rides and amazing chilling scenes. (Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/RK5sG4T9MmWPSN6D8 )
You may rent a bike and explore Berlin like a local. There are multiple places from where you may rent a bike.
–Tiergarten Make like a Berliner and stretch your legs with a stroll, jog or cycle through Berlin’s most famous park, This 5-km (3-mile) circuit will return you to your starting point ready for your next adventure within an hour or so. Don’t worry if you get lost, the park is full of maps with “You Are Here” markers.
Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/E5UpK6fpiMw
-SOUVENIR SHOPS:
–Ampelmann Berlin: Ampelmann is Berlin’s iconic brand when it comes to city products and souvenirs. 🙂 Here you can stock up on cute trinkets, souvenirs and perfect gifts for loved ones who weren’t able to take a trip with you. This gorgeous store is located in Hackesche Höfe, tucked away on a secluded street in the main tourist area of Berlin. Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/aTRvg5f9WTr
Bus from Berlin to Amsterdam:
–Your bus is scheduled to leave from Berlin Central Bus Station at 22:00 hrs. Google map location: https://goo.gl/maps/74FXrgfKC4E2 )
-We strongly recommend you to be at the bus station at least 30 minutes prior to your bus departure. Keep your passport and e tickets handy.🚎
-You will reach Amsterdam by 09:10 hrs at Amsterdam Sloterdijk.
DAY 8: HELLO HOLLAND!
Amsterdam, the capital of Netherlands, is known for its cobblestoned streets, golden canals lined by glittering buildings, vintage filled shops, museums and art galleries, cutting-edge tech start-ups, as well as some of Europe’s hottest clubs. With its canals and massive harbor, this city reclaimed from the sea offers countless opportunities to drift. Two-wheeling is a way of life here.
About Hostel:
Dutchies Hostel (Hostel address: Dutchies Hostel, Sara Burgerhartstraat 21a, 1055 KV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Phone +31 20 233 7446. Hostel check in time is 1400 hrs so in case you land there early drop off your bags at the hostel and head out to Vondelpark. (10 min away from Hostel) for brunch and chilling scenes.)
(Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/f3jNGpkfRMM2)
Directions from Amsterdam Sloterdijk to Hostel:
-From station Sloterdijk take tram 19 (in direction of Diemen Sniep) and get out at the stop Molenwerf.
-Walk around the XO Hotel (formerly the Golden Tulip Hotel) and go straight ahead. Cross the road with the traffic lights until you are at the restaurant La casa di Michael.
-Enter the Willem Leevendstraat that is next to the restaurant and go straight ahead until you see the hostel building. -The entrance is at the back of the building where the parking is (across from the high way) and across from supermarket Lidl.
-The check in time is at around 0200 PM. You can store your luggage at the time of arrival. In case you wanna lounge around the hostel common area, great. Else you can simply hop out and spot a place to sip nice warm coffee.
Recommendations:
–Mezrab is like a cultural hangout cafe with stuff happening everyday. They have a soup that is prepared before almost every show. It’s part of a long-standing tradition and is cooked in huge batches intended to bring people together and costs just €5 👌
(Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/eRUTSACXGns)
–Pizzeria Rimini : So this where the locals go for their Italian cravings, Italian trattoria-style dining (flavours will be different from what we get in India 😝) but the best part is that most of the stuff on their menu is under 5 Euros and that is why we love it more #BeingIndian
(Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/Um9aTnj2JUk )
–Big Shots (if you find a spot) it’s great and one of the places you will get a great vibe!
(Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/Ep24bMfgp5v )
-If you are not able to find a spot at Big Shots, go for Coco’s Outback, if you need directions share your live location and we will help 🙂
Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/4tFD5FThS642
In case any of you are up for it try these walking tours, completely free hosted by a footloose and fancy free community https://www.freedamtours.com/
DAY 9: AMSTERDAM HOP ON HOP OFF
Snap on those wayfarers and get set to explore the city. Head to Museumplein, the cultural beating heart of Amsterdam, take on the city’s 51 museums (must: Van Gogh & Anne Frank House). Still thirsty for more? Check out Heineken’s historic former brewery, with a tasting room finale. Retreat with hot chocolate, poffertjes and stroopwafels. But be back by nightfall to experience the city’s notorious yet Europe’s most sought after nightlife.
Hop On Hop Off: The tickets for your 24 hrs Hop On & Hop Off shall be send across to every individual traveler 2 hours prior to the scheduled Hop On Hop Off plan.
Nearest Boarding Points: The nearest boarding point to your hostel is Amsterdam Centraal Station. Google Map Location https://goo.gl/maps/LtCdbzpu2rn
-SUGGESTIONS:
–Sotto Pizza: One of the best places in Amsterdam to grab a pizza. They are famous for their fresh dough pizzas loaded with buffalo mozzarella cheese.
https://goo.gl/maps/NUCnkRNumfx
–Stork: If you’re craving for some great sea-food, this is the place to be! They serve Lobstres, Oyesters and amazing sea food platters.
https://goo.gl/maps/4bF7Vr9qEvo
–Wilde Zwijnen: They are known for their Dutch Cuisine and fresh, seasonal delicacies (their boar is famous with locals)
https://goo.gl/maps/xRzCVACT6a72
-Moeders: Quirky terrace restaurant serving Dutch dishes made from homegrown produce.
https://goo.gl/maps/XG8Rdm1Cm422
DAY 10: AMSTERDAM DIY
Pick your ride for the day! A happy-bus or do it like the locals and join the 881,000 bicycles to soak up the canal vistas before heading across to Jordaan. Amsterdam’s most charming neighborhood, this feels like stepping back in time, dotted with independent art galleries, antique shops, courtyard gardens and atmospheric bars. Ditch the map and lose yourself in the labyrinth of narrow lanes that sprawl eastwards from Prinsengracht.
SUGGESTIONS:
– How to get around in Amsterdam? We recommend going by bike. This way you will experience Amsterdam like a “real” Dutchie. The bike ride to the city centre takes about 15 to 20 minutes.
– Five times a day a free walking tour departs from “De Dam” in the city centre. The tour is brought to you by passionate, engaging, and funny local guides who are more than happy to share their local knowledge with you.
– Walk around in the Jordaan and discover some nice little shops and cafes. For example Café Chris, the oldest café in the Jordaan. Or go shopping in the Nine Streets, it’s full with vintage and designer shops, specialty stores and cosy cafés.
– Museumplein: Be sure to visit this square in the South part of Amsterdam. Here you will find the IAMsterdam sign, and the famous Van Gogh museum and Rijksmuseum. We recommend taking a trip on a canal cruise to experience the world-famous historic Canal Ring else feel free to simply chill and walk around the street meeting cool people.
-SOUVENIR SHOPS
–Amsterdam Originals: One of the oldest souvenir shops in Amsterdam where you can stock up tee shirts to handmade lamps. (Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/9c12ZzbKASR2 )
–Royal Delftware: Another place you can head out to where you can find great variety of products, even antiques. Plus staff is super friendly and informativ Google Map Location: https://goo.gl/maps/y2fmwKSDUs22
DAY 11: FLIGHTS TO INDIA
All good things come to an end, so is this Europe Experience. Pack your bags and set forward to return to your home.
Airport Transfers:
Sprinter 3337 runs from Amsterdam Sloterdijk at a frequency of every 30 minutes ans takes around 30-40 minutes to reach airport. Alternatively you may consider Airport Shuttle options by Connexions. The operating time for Conexxions is 06:30 AM to 09:30 PM. In case you’re feeling fancy, you may book an uber to the airport.
NOTES:
I TRIP SCOUT:
This being a DIY backpacking trip & many of our travellers are going to Europe for the first time, we want to ensure a hassle-free trip. For this purpose, let us introduce you to iTripScout. iTrip Scout is an online virtual trip captain for both Community & Tripver Prive Trips. ITripScout will be part of the Whatsapp group too. The team of I Trip Scout are experienced professional and senior community member who have curated the itinerary. Itripscout will have 02 functions:
*LIVE Functions: ITripScout feature will be available for LIVE CHAT from 0900 AM to 0700 PM as per the current destination standard time, where the traveller is travelling. The messages chat will happen on a personal chat window of WhatsApp between the traveller and Tripver ITripScout. This information can be pertaining to traveller personal enquiry about a specific destination, route, flights, best restaurants, a suggestion for DIY Day etc.
*DAILY Functions: ITripScout will send out messages in the following time
Assist traveller in self-travel by sharing maps to catch the local transports, walk, cafe crawls & one point contacts.
Prior to the beginning of the travellers day, informing him the agenda as per the itinerary.
Suggestions for recommended places to visit & stay.
Any other necessary recommendation or update of the day as per the itinerary
Note: Travelers may feel free to ask for any other suggestions from iTripScout apart from the ones shared by the iTripScout as per their own requirements.
*Response time: The response time for I Trip Scout shall be within 15 minutes.
Timings & Punctuality: Please ensure that you reach the bus boarding points at least 30 minutes prior & to the airport at least 3 hours prior to the time of departure for your bus/flight. Do keep you e tickets and passport handy. Tripver will not be responsible for traveller missing their bus/flight however in case any traveller does miss the bus/flight due to unavoidable circumstances, I Trip Scout & team will be happy to rebook reschedule and take contingency methods instantly. The expenses for the same will have to be borne by the individual traveller via online payment link which will be sent instantly before rebooking the ticket.
Note: Community Tripver Pvt Ltd does not owns or controls any such independent contractors or Third Party vendors for experiences undertaken by a traveler at their own will, makes no representation of any kind as to their performance and does not undertake to supervise their activities. Any Guest using such services or activities shall be deemed to agree and consent that any liability for any death, personal injury, illness, emotional distress, mental suffering or psychological injury to the guest or loss of or damage to property shall be the sole responsibility of the provider of such service or activity. Neither Community Tripver Pvt Ltd nor the Carrier shall be or become liable or responsible in any way for any act or omission of any such provider pertaining to, or arising from or in connection with such services or activities.
NOTE: Please do note that these routes are suggestive routes and may differ according to local laws of land, government holidays and regulations. Please check the routes once before departure to avoid any unnecessary hassles.
The details for Cafes/Restaurants are suggestive in nature. Please check the opening and closing time and days before heading out for real time info.
*Add Ons: In case a traveler is willing to book any Add On experience, kindly confirm the same over email atleast 72 hours prior to the date of the experience. The bookings of Add On experiences will be subject to availability.
Out-of-this-world adventures? Check. Stunning locations? You bet. Memories to last a lifetime? Hell yeah!
Let Tripver take you there.
Happy to Help !
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https://www.butterfield.com/get-inspired/things-to-do-in-berlin
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Insider's Guide: 16 Things to Do in Berlin
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http://www.butterfield.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Berlin_FB.jpg
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2015-03-10T20:57:04+00:00
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If you love art, architecture, and history—you’re in for an amazing experience. Ever-changing and evolving, there are plenty of things to do in Berlin.
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/favicon-32x32.png
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The Slow Road Luxury Travel Blog
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https://www.butterfield.com/get-inspired/things-to-do-in-berlin
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If you love art, architecture and history, you’re in for an amazing experience. The history of the Second World War remains very much a part of Berlin. Today, as two generations of pent-up creative energy continue to be unleashed, it is one of the most dynamic cities in the world. Ever-changing and evolving, there are plenty of things to do in Berlin for everyone. Below, a few of our favourites.
The Berlin Wall
The iconic Berlin Wall—put up in a single night in 1961—introduced a new and cruel reality that rapidly acquired a sense of permanence. The city’s centre of gravity shifted as the Wall cut off the historic centre from the west, suspending the Brandenburg Gate and Potsdamer Platz in a no man’s land, while the outer edge followed the 1920 city limits.
Little of the Berlin Wall remains today, most of it having been demolished between June and November of 1990. What had become the symbol of the inhumanity of the East German regime was prosaically crushed and re-used for road-fill.
Checkpoint Charlie Museum
Perhaps a little tacky, this private museum is nonetheless essential for anyone interested in the Wall and the Cold War. It opened not long after the German Democratic Republic erected the Berlin Wall in 1961, with the purpose of documenting the events that were taking place. The exhibition charts the history of the Wall and gives details of the ingenious and often hair-raising ways people escaped from the East to the West.
The Berlin Museumsinsel (Museum Island)
A must-see, this self-contained museum complex in the centre of Berlin lies at the northern point of the Spreeinsel (Spree Island). Exhibits include late Antique and Byzantine art, a painting gallery, a coin collection, a collection of antiquities, a Near Eastern museum, a museum for Islamic art, European art of the 19th century, an Egyptian museum and a museum for pre-and early history:
The Bode Museum
Located on the island’s northern tip (and pictured above), the Bode Museum opened in 1904 (under the name of the Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum). Today it features sculpture collections and late Antique and Byzantine art.
Altes Museum (Old Museum)
This was the first part of the complex and was built by Karl Friedrich Schinkel in 1830.
The Neues Museum (New Museum)
Finished in 1859 under the direction of Friedrich August Stüler, a student of Schinkel, the museum was destroyed in WWII. It was later rebuilt and re-opened in 2009.
Alte Nationalgalerie (Old National Gallery)
The Old National Gallery reopened in December 2001, after three years of careful restoration. With its ceiling and wall paintings, it provides a sparkling home to one of the largest collections of 19th c. art and sculpture in Germany.
Pergamonmuseum
One of the world’s major archaeological museums, the Pergamon should not be missed. (Note that the museum is currently undergoing a significant renovation and will be closed until 2023. More info here.)
Fernsehturm on Alexanderplatz
Built in the late 1960s at a time when relations between East and West were at their lowest point, the 365 metre (1,198 foot) television tower was intended as a show of Communist dynamism and modernity. Take an ear-popping lift to the observation platform at the top—it’s a great way to get your bearings on a visit to Berlin; the view is unbeatable day or night.
Jewish Berlin
German and Jewish histories are deeply connected in Berlin. Sites that testify to the blossoming of Jewish life are often woven alongside those bearing witness to its destruction.
Holocaust Memorial
The Holocaust Memorial, or Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, designed by New York architect Peter Eisenman rests in the immediate vicinity of the Brandenburg Gate. The placement of the enormous 19,000-square-metre memorial in the city’s historic centre serves to emphasize its orientation toward the civilian population. Visitors are permitted to walk unrestricted through the field of stelae at any time, day or night.
Jewish Museum Berlin
The Jewish Museum has been among the most prominent institutions in the European cultural landscape since it opened in 2001. The spectacular building by American architect Daniel Libeskind has become a landmark of the city. The historical permanent exhibition, covering 3,000-square-metres of floor space, presents two thousand years of German-Jewish history with interactive and multimedia components.
Alter Jüdischer Friedhof (Old Jewish Cemetery)
This cemetery is found on Grosse Hamburger Strasse where it meets Oranienburger Strasse. Defaced in 1938, the Nazis ran an irrigation ditch through the cemetery, using most of the 3,000 tombstones to shore up its walls. Only 20 original gravestones remain, one of which marks the burial site of the famous Berlin philosopher Moses Mendelssohn.
Jüdischer Friedhof Weissensee (Jewish Cemetery Weissensee)
The largest Jewish cemetery in Germany lies in the suburb of Weissensee in northeast Berlin. Many of the 120,000 tombstones carry more than one name, representing those who lost their lives in concentration camps.
Synagogues
The interior of functioning synagogues may be viewed only by attending a service. Guests are requested to announce themselves to the Jewish Community in advance. You can obtain more information by contacting the department of religious affairs in the Jewish Community of Berlin.
Topography of Terror
The site of the Topography of Terror, next to the Martin-Gropius-Bau and not far from Potsdamer Platz, was the headquarters of the National Socialist regime of terror from 1933 to 1945: among them, the secret police (Gestapo) with their own prison, the leadership of the Nazi party Schutzstaffel (or SS), and the Central Office of Homeland Security for the German Reich.
The exhibition “Topography of Terror” is located on a walkway that leads you through a ditch past the excavated ruins of several buildings along the Niederkirchnerstrasse (formerly Prinz-Albrecht-Strasse). It documents the history of these institutions of terror, situated in close proximity to the Nazi government sector.
Sachsenhausen (just outside of Berlin)
Many Nazi concentration camps have been preserved and opened to the public as memorials and museums. Sachsenhausen is the nearest to Berlin, and provides a sombre, yet moving, experience. Oranienburg is at the end of the S1 S-Bahn line (40 minutes from Mitte). From the station, follow signs to Gedenkstätte Sachsenhausen, for about a 20-minute walk. It’s a good idea to hire an audio guide (available in English) at the gate.
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https://originalberlintours.com/the-berlin-wall-a-symbol-of-division-and-cold-war-tensions/
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The Berlin Wall: A Symbol of Division and Cold War Tensions
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2024-03-07T14:35:21+00:00
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During the tense years of the Cold War, the construction of the Berlin Wall by the Soviet Union in 1961 left an indelible mark on history.
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en
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Original Berlin Tours
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https://originalberlintours.com/the-berlin-wall-a-symbol-of-division-and-cold-war-tensions/
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During the tense years of the Cold War, the construction of the Berlin Wall by the Soviet Union in 1961 left an indelible mark on history. This formidable barrier physically and symbolically divided the city of Berlin, separating families, friends, and communities. In this article, we will explore the reasons behind the Soviet Union’s decision to build the Berlin Wall.
The Historical Context
In the aftermath of World War II, Berlin, like Germany as a whole, was divided into four occupation zones, each controlled by one of the Allied powers: the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and France. However, the ideological and political differences that emerged during the war between the Western powers and the Soviet Union started to escalate tension.
The Cold War was a period of prolonged political rivalry and military tension between the United States and its allies, known as the Western Bloc, and the Soviet Union and its satellite states, known as the Eastern Bloc. It was characterized by intense competition for influence, ideological differences, and the threat of nuclear war.
The Soviet Union’s Motivations
Hundreds of thousands of East Germans had been leaving the German Democratic Republic (GDR) for the more prosperous West Germany through the divided city of Berlin. This posed a serious problem for the Soviet Union and the East German government as they were losing a significant portion of their population, including skilled workers and professionals.
The primary motivation behind the construction of the Berlin Wall was to stem the tide of migration from East Germany to West Germany, which was seen as a direct threat to the stability of the GDR. By building a physical barrier, the Soviet Union hoped to prevent East Germans from fleeing to the West, thereby ensuring political and economic stability within its sphere of influence.
In addition to the mass exodus of its citizens, the East German government was also concerned about the impact of the brain drain. Skilled workers, intellectuals, and professionals were leaving the GDR, causing a significant loss of talent and expertise. The construction of the Berlin Wall aimed to retain skilled individuals within the country, bolstering the East German economy and infrastructure.
Political and Ideological Significance
The Berlin Wall served as a potent symbol of the ideological divisions between the capitalist West and the socialist East during the Cold War. The physical barrier represented the “Iron Curtain” that Winston Churchill had famously mentioned in his speech in 1946, highlighting the separation between the two opposing political systems.
By reinforcing the separation between East and West Berlin, the Soviet Union hoped to prevent the spread of capitalist influences and maintain strict control over the Eastern Bloc. The Wall effectively cut off West Berlin from the surrounding GDR, making it a virtual island within East Germany.
Soviet Fear of Western Influence
The Soviet Union perceived West Berlin as a hotbed for western propaganda and infiltration. East Germans often visited West Berlin to experience the higher living standards and personal freedoms enjoyed by their Western counterparts. This exposure to Western culture and ideology fuelled discontent among the East German population, increasing demands for political reform.
To counter the perceived threat of Western influence, the Soviet Union constructed a physical barrier that would restrict access to the Western-controlled sector of the city. Guards were stationed along the wall, ordered to shoot anyone attempting to cross the border illegally.
International Diplomatic Implications
The construction of the Berlin Wall further exacerbated tensions between the superpowers. The Western powers considered the wall a violation of the agreements made regarding the status of Berlin, while the Soviet Union regarded it as a necessary measure for maintaining control and safeguarding its interests.
The Berlin Wall became a focal point of the Cold War struggle and a visible representation of the division between democratic capitalism and Soviet-style communism. It turned Berlin into a microcosm of the broader ideological conflict between the superpowers.
The Aftermath
The Berlin Wall stood for over 28 years, a grim reminder of the divided world order. However, in the late 1980s, as the Cold War drew to a close, popular pressure for reunification grew. In November 1989, the wall finally fell, symbolizing the end of the Cold War and the beginning of a new era of German reunification.
Legacy and Lessons Learned
The construction and subsequent fall of the Berlin Wall had a profound impact on global politics and human history. It serves as a reminder of the devastating consequences of ideological divisions and the limitations of physical barriers in preventing the desire for freedom and reunification.
Today, the remnants of the Berlin Wall are preserved as a memorial and a symbol of hope, reminding us of the resilience of the human spirit and the power of unity.
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https://www.deutschland.de/en/topic/life/mobility-travel/berlin-a-creative-laboratory
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Berlin – a creative laboratory
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2015-06-18T14:02:19+02:00
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Since reunification, Berlin has long since grown out of the east and west question – to become an international creative laboratory where the future feels close enough to touch.
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en
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deutschland.de
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https://www.deutschland.de/en/topic/life/mobility-travel/berlin-a-creative-laboratory
|
OST. The three giant letters on the roof of the Volksbühne theatre at Rosen-Luxemburg-Platz spell out the German word for east, and are deliberately confusing. There has been no “east” in Berlin’s central Mitte district for years, and the Volksbühne is not entirely blameless in this. Over the past 25 years, the boundaries of theatre have been explored here time and time again. Besides the classic works of director’s theatre, which have been reinterpreted at the Volksbühne, Christoph Schlingensief and René Pollesch celebrated their early successes here. The Volksbühne made political, engaged and spectacular theatre, thereby almost incidentally helping to convey to the world the message that Berlin’s centre is a stage for tireless experimentation. It was thus only logical that the thunderous rumblings in the world of theatre which accompanied the question of who would succeed Frank Castorf, who has been the theatre’s artistic director since 1992, were to be heard all over Europe. These days Berlin Mitte is a world-class location, a place in the world for which “east” is at most a geographical reference.
Chris Dercon, director of the renowned Tate Gallery in London, won the race for the post of artistic director. When talking about Berlin, he speaks in euphoric, superlative terms rather than resorting to understatement: “Large numbers of artists also come to London. But London’s development is in a rut, whereas Berlin is in a state of constant flux.” For Belgium-born Dercon, the Volksbühne with its more than 100-year history is the place where “the future of theatre” in the 21st century will be produced. Berlin has long compared itself to London and New York but has now overtaken both – so at least believes Chris Dercon.
If we take a stroll through the epicentre of the new Berlin from Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz, we will find that the question of what is east and what is west has long since become irrelevant. It is no longer sensitivities concerning the former parts of Germany that are debated in Berlin Mitte, but international issues in which the word “future” will inevitably feature. As indeed it will at the Babylon cinema, which is all about the future of film – and which, it goes without saying, is equally international. After its triumphal debut in Los Angeles, this is where Ida, the Polish movie that won the Oscar for best foreign language film, was first screened. A drama about a Jewish girl in post-war Poland, it also opened the Film Polska festival which, as its curator Kornel Miglus likes to emphasise, is the largest festival of Polish cinema outside Poland.
If we then proceed along Rosa-Luxemburg-Strasse towards Alexanderplatz, we will inevitably arrive at Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse. If street names are seen as preserving urban memories, this one has a very East German ring to it, and one that seems determined to uphold socialist traditions. Little in the way of such tradition remains here apart from the complex of prefabricated concrete tower blocks on Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse, as most of the buildings which stood as a testament to socialist-style urban development were knocked down after German reunification. The idea was to rebuild the “new Berlin”, and indeed – with a touch of postmodern irony – the Prussian City Palace, at the heart of the city. Many East Berliners considered this to be a sacrilege, as did young architects and urban activists. Was the plan suddenly to celebrate the past glory of the Hohenzollern monarchy at the centre of a reunited Berlin? To celebrate the 19th rather than the 21st century, the spiked helmet rather than the woolly hat, fine ashlar masonry rather than glass?
The criticism has meanwhile died down, as the reconstruction of the City Palace, which celebrated its topping-out ceremony in the spring of 2015, is only a shell for the Humboldt Forum, the “most important cultural project of the Federal Republic of Germany”, as State Secretary for Culture Monika Grütters stresses. With the collections of the Ethnological Museum and the Museum of Asian Art, the Humboldt Lab of the university of the same name and the World.City.Berlin exhibition of the Stiftung Stadtmuseun, Berlin’s Mitte is bringing the whole world into the palace. The founding director of the Humboldt Forum is the British art historian and museum director Neil MacGregor who, when he was first presented, stated with conviction that: “Europe is being rethought in Berlin.” Previously MacGregor ran the British Museum in London. Given such concentrated internationalism, might there not be a shortage of local colour? It is certainly the case that English, Spanish or Italian are more likely to be heard than German, let alone the local Berlin dialect, along Berlin’s Unter den Linden boulevard, which is the continuation of Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse, as well as in many of the bars and cafés in Mitte, Kreuzberg or Friedrichshain. Local colour is provided at the end of the boulevard, however, in the form of Berlin’s famous landmark, the Brandenburg Gate. Pictures of people celebrating the fall of the Berlin Wall here on 9 November 1989 were beamed around the world. Ever since, this Elbe sandstone gate that was completed in 1791 has been an iconic symbol of the city – appearing on countless tourist photographs as well as serving as the backdrop for major events. When Germany hosted the FIFA World Cup in 2006, images of the “Fanmeile” fan fest at the Brandenburg Gate were seen all over the world – the colourful celebrations in Berlin coming to symbolise a new, tolerant and open Germany. The pictures certainly had the desired effect – tourist numbers are rising every year, and Berlin has long been one of Europe’s three most popular tourist destinations alongside London and Paris.
Talking about Berlin Mitte in superlative terms naturally raises the question of what its problems might be. With an unemployment rate of nearly 14%, Mitte is one of the Berlin districts – alongside Spandau and Neukölln – facing the biggest social challenges. This is because it comprises not only the former centre of East Berlin, but also the one-time working-class neighbourhoods of Moabit and Wedding. And at times, the glamorous face of Berlin is but a stone’s throw away from its darker sides, something which the German capital also has in common with other major cities nowadays: the poor and the rich living in close proximity. What is more, it is not infrequently the case that the “poor” districts are the breeding ground for precisely the sort of creativity that is then celebrated on the “catwalk of Mitte”.
Walking away from the Brandenburg Gate, we follow Wilhelmstrasse, once the centre of German statehood and National Socialist tyranny, via the river Spree, along whose banks one after another of the insignia of the “Berlin Republic” – the Chancellery and Reichstag, the seat of the German parliament – are to be found, to Friedrichstrasse. In the past a symbol for vibrant metropolitan living, it has now been able to re-engage with its history between Checkpoint Charlie and the railway station. North of Weidendamm Bridge it merely forms the backbone of a very ordinary neighbourhood, however, with shops, apartments and a few offices. Berlin was once a laboratory here, too: just after the fall of the Berlin Wall, artists occupied the ruins of a department store – known as the Tacheles Art House, it soon came to symbolise the wild 1990s. The site has now been acquired by a financial investor. The Postfuhramt on Oranienburger Strasse experienced a similar fate: built in Moorish style, the post office building was the base for numerous art initiatives post-1990. Soon, the plan is for very ordinary people to work in very ordinary offices here, hidden away behind the exciting facade. Does this mean that Mitte – this Berlin, German, international laboratory – will soon be very ordinary too? Will the Volksbühne at Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz and the Humboldt Forum soon be but beacons in the otherwise flat and unspectacular landscape of urban existence?
Berlin would not be Berlin if it did not ask precisely these questions itself. But are the answers always the right ones? Not far from Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz, a number of containers have been piled up to create a kind of hipster favela. Known as Platoon Kunsthalle, this makeshift building has been on Schönhauser Allee for three years now. Platoon, a worldwide network which set up its first “Kunsthalle” (or art hall) in the South Korean capital Seoul in 2000, wants “to build a bridge between the key players in the cultural scene: between artists and creative individuals on the one hand and brands and institutions on the other”. Although Platoon has made some useful contributions in this context, the pendulum nowadays seems to be swinging clearly in the direction of commercial goals. Which makes the message that Chris Dercon sought to convey when he was presented as the Volksbühne’s new artistic director all the more important. After all, the theatre is supposed in future to be a planet orbited by several moons. One of the venues to be used is a hangar in the city’s disused Tempelhof Airport, while the Prater on Kastanienallee – a forum for theatrical experimentation – is also to be preserved. The Babylon cinema is to be added to the Volksbühne cosmos. “Theatre is a real and a symbolic place which creates an open situation of people for people,” Dercon explained to the art magazine Monopol. “It should not be afraid of opening up even more.” He could equally well have been talking about creative Berlin. ▪
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https://www.thetrainline.com/en/stations/berlin-oranienburger-strasse
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Trains To & From Berlin Oranienburger Straße
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Find information about Berlin Oranienburger Straße station here. Book train tickets, check timetables & find out more about the station with Trainline.
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https://www.thetrainline.com/en/stations/berlin-oranienburger-strasse
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Join millions of people who use us every day
Europe’s leading train and coach app
We help customers across Europe make more than 172,000 smarter journeys every day.
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https://www.agoda.com/hotel-38/hotel/berlin-de.html
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https://www.agoda.com/favicon.ico
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https://www.agoda.com/favicon.ico
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https://origins.osu.edu/connecting-history/postcard-berlin-confronting-troubled-past
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A Postcard from Berlin: Confronting a Troubled Past
|
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2016-11-30T04:20:03+00:00
|
Few places wrestle more with their own history than Berlin—a modern capital city steeped in debates about how to remember the past. More than a simple residence for millions of Germans, it also contains a tumultuous historic narrative that is fused to the city itself. Found at Berlin's East Side Gallery.
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/sites/default/files/favicon_0.ico
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Origins
|
https://origins.osu.edu/connecting-history/postcard-berlin-confronting-troubled-past
|
Few places wrestle more with their own history than Berlin—a modern capital city steeped in debates about how to remember the past. More than a simple residence for millions of Germans, it also contains a tumultuous historic narrative that is fused to the city itself.
Found at Berlin's East Side Gallery.
Berlin dates back to the 12th century. All around the bustling city, churches that would be more at home in the Middle Ages coexist with contemporary architecture. Museums dedicated to celebrating art, science, history, and the natural world dot the landscape and stand beside opera houses and statues commemorating prominent figures of German cultural heritage.
A shot of Berlin’s New Synagogue as it presently stands on Oranienburger Straße. It was heavily damaged before and during the Second World War, as a result of anti-Semitic rioting and Allied bombing.
Berliners are, if nothing else, aware of the admirable and deplorable in their past, and do not shy away from engaging with it on a critical level. The complicated and controversial history of the 20th century permeates the landscape of the German capital.
A message of peace found at Berlin's East Side Gallery.
Small brass plaques that provide minor details about victims of National Socialism are scattered around Berlin and are joined by monuments to the victims of the world wars, the Holocaust, and the famous partition of the city—all grim reminders that remembering the past is not always about celebrating it.
A couple of examples of small brass plaques found throughout Berlin that depict the former homes of Holocaust victims.
Larger monuments have gained international fame, but they remain part of the city where Berliners work and live. One of the better examples is the “Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas” or the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe.
Berlin's Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe.
Simple in concept if not in scale, the memorial is comprised of nearly 3000 concrete slabs arranged in rows that gradually become taller and more imposing the deeper the visitor wanders into the center. Berliners respect what the monument represents but it does not stop them from using the slabs as a place on which to rest or play, which often confuses visitors who are unsure about the appropriate boundaries for interacting with a memorial.
A memorial to Holocaust victims in front of a Jewish cemetery.
The events following the Second World War thrust Berlin onto the international stage in a new way during the Cold War. The standoff between the two world superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, was centered in Berlin. The country was famously divided into East and West Germany, but Berlin, deep in eastern territory, was considered too symbolically important to be surrendered to Soviet control. Consequently, Berlin was also divided between east and west, a partition literally cemented into place by the Berlin Wall in 1961.
A message of universal peace displayed on a portion of the Berlin Wall.
The way Berlin remembers the Cold War era is complicated. At one level, there is a nostalgia, pithily termed “Ostologie,” for the ideological values, and for the culture and products of the former East Germany, and small commemorations of the longer communist past are not hard to find. Streets and subway stations bear the names of communist German leadership from the Weimar era, statues of Karl Marx stand unharmed, and streets are still named for Friedrich Engels.
A small monument declaring eternal friendship with the Soviet Union.
On the other hand, there are monuments to the victims of the division, including large pieces of the Berlin Wall itself. The city honors ordinary people who died trying to cross the border as well as those who suffered at the hands of East German police.
A piece at the East Side Gallery depicting the number of years the Berlin Wall stood. The bolder numbers indicate deaths as a result of the partition.
Berliners mark the past by linking its lessons to the present, making their opinions known to the city and the world through street art. Berlin’s renowned graffiti speaks volumes about the attitude of residents remembering the past and connecting it to contemporary issues. Occasionally graffiti is clearly just meant to be bizarre or shocking, but more often than not it has a political goal.
Typical street art in Berlin.
Street art goes beyond simply condemning Nazis and proclaiming “Never Forget” in a bold font. Art for Berliners captures the viewer’s attention and makes them consider what they are looking at.
Graffiti depicting Ann Frank celebrating what would have been her 87th birthday.
The meshing of politics and the past is perhaps best represented in the East Side Gallery, a public display meant to mimic a segment of the Berlin Wall. The art, ranging from poetry describing the cost of freedom to famous images such as the so-called fraternal kiss between Leonid Brezhnev and Erich Honecker, usually convey a political message: peace no matter the price. This theme repeats itself on remaining sections of the Berlin Wall, with symbols of peace and personal appeals for love and understanding appearing in abundance.
A poem painted at the East Side Gallery. It roughly translates to: “You have learned what freedom means and will forget no longer.”
The infamous Fraternal Kiss (also referred to as “My God, Help Me Survive This Deadly Love”) immortalized both as a photograph and work of art. Found at the East Side Gallery, Berlin.
The most recent topic of controversy to be depicted on the city’s walls is the Syrian refugee crisis. Many European countries have been hesitant to accept the massive influx of desperate Syrians, but the mood in Berlin, as expressed by its artists, is one of elation to demonstrate their ability and willingness to accept and care for people in need. “Refugees Welcome,” a phrase repeated in all shapes and sizes throughout Berlin, is a small but consistent reminder of the German eagerness to help those affected by political violence.
A sign urges Berliners to donate in order to help feed Syrian refugees.
Graffiti on the Spree River welcomes Syrian refugees to Berlin.
The balance between the past and present can be tricky for any city, and Berlin is no exception. The city is a shrine to the triumphs and tragedies of German history, but also a space for millions to work, play, and live. Ultimately Berlin belongs to Berliners; but its monuments, its lessons, and most importantly its history, belong to the world.
A surviving section of the Berlin Wall in Potsdamer Platz, Berlin.
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https://medium.com/5-a-m/berlin-bahn-33718a55dbf0
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25 lovely train stations in Berlin
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2020-06-07T17:30:14.417000+00:00
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Berlin U-Bahn and S-Bahn stations with remarkable and diverse architecture.
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en
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Medium
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https://medium.com/5-a-m/berlin-bahn-33718a55dbf0
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The diverse world of U- and S-Bahn in Germany’s capital
Slava Shestopalov 🇺🇦
·
Follow
Published in
5 a.m. Magazine
·
10 min read
·
Jun 7, 2020
--
What is the world’s most impressive metro? Many people would name the other-worldly Stockholm underground. My Ukrainian friends, of course, will recommend Kyiv: its pompous socialist modernist stations feature folk motifs and vaulted vestibules. Berlin doesn’t top such ratings but still has quite a few stations worth visiting.
And one more thing: I dared to give nicknames to the stations and hope they’ll make you smile. Feel free to write in the comments below which station (or nickname) you enjoyed the most.
1. Three Times of the Day
S Beusselstraße (opened 1894; rebuilt 1999)
The station itself is ordinary, which I cannot say about the scenery from above; it’s fascinating in the morning, at noon, and in the evening. Containers and brick buildings on the left are the largest city port, Westhafen.
5. Firefighters’ Station
U Olympia-Stadion (1913)
When I spotted these crimson doors, I couldn’t think of anything other than firefighters. And this is my shadow at the bottom: give me a torch — I’ll be your Statue of Liberty.
6. Royal Symmetry
U Breitenbachplatz (1913)
Owing to the lines of brass lamps and medallions on the walls, this station appears like a throne room and, probably, helps you to feel a little bit royal while commuting to a business meeting.
7. Purple Valley
S Olympiastadion (opened 1909; rebuilt 1935–1936)
I still haven’t guessed what made these spacious platforms look so distinctly purple — the tint of station lamps or the sunset.
13. Postmodernist Poetry
U Westhafen (1961)
This station’s walls are covered with black and red letters, and you can confuse this place with a contemporary art exhibition a-la Vienna’s MUMOK or New York’s MoMA but without an entrance fee.
By the way, while editing photos and writing descriptions, I was thinking about which station could be my most-most favorite. Should it be something old-fashioned, traditional or clean, minimalistic? Westhafen resonates perfectly with my tastes — tells a story but is not too naive.
19. Babylonian Trams
U Klosterstraße (1913)
Saturated yellow-light lamps make this station the most unfavorable for taking photos; however, many things are worth gazing at here.
The station vestibule is decorated with tiles inspired by the Ishtar Gate from ancient Babylon (now exposed in the Pergamon Museum). And on the walls, you’ll see 20 enamel panels revealing the history of public transport from vintage horse-powered trams to modern-day trains.
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https://www.kollwitz.de/en/kollwitz-timeline
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Timeline – Käthe Kollwitz Museum Köln
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https://www.kollwitz.de/img/favicon.ico
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"https://www.kollwitz.de/img/inhalt/Kaethe-Kollwitz/Zeitstrahl/1933-1945/moritzburg-ruedenhof-sterbezimmer.jpg",
"https://www.kollwitz.de/img/system/karte_button.png"
] |
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Käthe Kollwitz - Vita, work and history in context
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de
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/img/favicon.ico
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https://www.kollwitz.de/en/kollwitz-timeline
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Julius Rupp (1809–1884)
Her grandfather, a politically liberal theologian, teacher and divisional chaplain, was an advocate for freedom of teaching and freedom of conscience and rejected the church’s dependency on the state and any coercion linked to faith and symbols. As a result, he lost his official positions in 1845 and in 1846 he founded the first German Freie evangelische Gemeinde (Free Evangelical Community) in Königsberg where all members, including women, had a voting right. No official creed was established as Rupp advocated unconditional freedom of conscience and free ethical-religious self-determination of the individual, which included the pursuit of self-awareness and truth.
In 1848 Julius Rupp gave a speech in honour of those killed in the March Revolution, which attracted nationwide attention. In 1849 he was an independent member of the Prussian parliament and in 1862/63 he represented the Fortschrittspartei (Progressive Party) in parliament.
Carl Schmidt (1825–1898)
Käthe Kollwitz’ father had republican leanings and studied law. During the Revolution of 1848 he tried to join the Hungarians in their fight for freedom. In 1853 he was forced to abandon his career as a lawyer as a result of his membership of the Freie evangelische Gemeinde (Free Evangelical Community). He subsequently did an apprenticeship in masonry and became a successful building contractor.
In 1860 he married Katharina Rupp (1837-1925), the eldest daughter of Julius Rupp. After Julius’ death in 1884 Carl took over his office as a preacher. In 1887 Carl Schmidt joined the SPD (Social Democrats).
Konrad Schmidt (1863–1932)
Käthe Kollwitz elder brother studied national economics in Berlin and took his degree at Königsberg University in 1886 with a thesis comparing Johann Karl Rodbertus’ and Karl Marx’ theories on wage and exploitation.
From 1887 he paid several visits to the philosopher, sociologist and entrepreneur Friedrich Engels (1820-1895). The two men started a frequent exchange of letters and Konrad Schmidt, enthusiastic about the ideas of the international and German workers’ movement, joined the SPD.
Being a socialist and dissident, Konrad Schmidt was initially unable to pursue a career at the university. It was only from 1890 that he worked as a private lecturer at the University of Zurich and as an editor of the economics section at the Züricher Post. From 1895 he worked sporadically for the social-democratic weekly Vorwärts, and from 1908 for the monthly journal Sozialistische Monatshefte. He unsuccessfully stood as a candidate for the Reichstag in 1898. In 1919 he was appointed professor of national economics at the Berlin Polytechnic.
Konrad Schmidt was an enthusiastic supporter of Naturalism in literature and in 1897 he took over the directorship at the Berlin Freie Volksbühne theatre which he had co-founded in 1890. The aim of this theatre association – independent of the board of censors – was to give the proletariat access to the theatre and not to be exclusively dominated by aesthetic aspects when staging a play.
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I herewith express my opposition to Richard Dehmel. I assume, like Dehmel himself, that such an appeal to patriotic honour would be followed by a selected group of young men. Rather like in autumn 1914, where this group consisted mainly of young German men. […]. The result would in all probability be that those who are prepared to sacrifice themselves would indeed be killed. And it would mean that Germany – after the last four years of daily bloodshed – would have haemorrhaged to death. […] In my opinion such a loss would be much worse and more irreparable than the loss of entire provinces. […] We have learned to see things differently during these years. And seems to me that this includes looking at the meaning of the term ›honour‹. […]
Enough people have died! No more people must fall! I invoke a greater poet than Richard Dehmel who said: ›Seeds for sowing must not be ground‹.
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http://www.la-belle-epoque.de/germany/berlin/mittee.html
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en
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Berlin: Mitte
|
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[] |
[] |
[
"Belle Epoque",
"Art Nouveau",
"Jugendstil",
"Gustav Mahler",
"Hinrich Baller",
"Darmstadt",
"Brüssel",
"Bruxelles",
"Brussels"
] | null |
[
"Joachim Stein"
] | null |
Essays/galleries about Belle Epoque focussing Art Nouveau
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en
| null |
Germany
Berlin-Mitte
Paul Thoemer, Rudolf Mönnich, Otto Schmalz
Stadtgericht Mitte (Law Courts, 1904)
Littenstraße
Building of five floors, once with a length of 220 m (241 yards) the second largest building of Berlin after the castle. In 1968 it has been decimated dramatically to enlarge the Grunerstraße. Until 1990 seat of the highest GDR tribunal, now Land- und Amtsgericht Mitte (lower and superior district court of Mitte).
Georg Lewy
Business House Tietz Bros. (1906)
Klosterstraße 64
Kurt Berndt/August Endell
Hackesche Höfe (The Hacke Courtyards, 1907)
Outside the Spandauer Tor (the Spandau Gate), until about 1730, the Spandauer Vorstadt (the Spandau suburb) was located; when the Prussian king ordered to build a new and larger wall around Berlin, this suburb was suddenly located inside these walls, so the old fortifications were destroyed and the town commander, Count of Hacke, built a new market instead.
By the end of the XIXth century, due to a favourable economic development, the quarter became a good address. Consequently, the old buildings were destroyed and instead, a big complex of eight courtyards was built, the biggest of this kind in Europe. Then and now, in this complex can be found a mixture of apartments, restaurants, shops and workshops.
Im Treppenhaus, Hackesche Höfe Filmtheater, court 1, entrance Filmtheater und Variete
Johannes Vollmer
S-Bahn Station Hackescher Markt (Hacke Market, 1882)
The only S-Bahn station of Berlin which is still in its original state, besides the interiors which have been renovated in a non-historical way, with a richly decorated front to the market place side.
Louis Lachmann (1860-1910) & Zauber
Former Department Store Jandorf (1904)
Brunnenstraße/Veteranenstraße
WMF (Wuerttemberg Metalware Factory, 1905)
Leipziger Str. 112/Mauerstr. 12
Otto Michaelsen (1872-1929?)
Red Eagle Hotel and Commercial Building (1903-07)
Charlottenstraße 77
The fresco shows Hermes, protector of the travelers and god of commerce, symbol of the commercial spirit within the German empire; on the left side is Charlemagne, founder of the first, on the right side Emperor William I, founder of the second German empire. Between them, St. George kills the dragon, symbol of the "hereditary enemy"; below is the coat of arms, the imperial eagle.
Courtyards
Alte Jakobstr. 85-86/Neue Grünstr. 18
Josetti-Höfe (1906)
Former Tobacco Factory Josetti
Rungestraße 22-24
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https://www.obonparis.com/en/magazine/3-days-guide-in-berlin
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BERLIN ITINERARY - O'Bon Paris
|
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Best plan for 3 days - #BERLIN TRAVEL #BERLIN ITINERARY #3 DAYS IN BERLIN #WHAT TO DO IN BERLIN #WHAT TO VISIT IN BERLIN .Berlin's mayor once shortly summed up Germany's capital city as 'poor but sexy'. Still affordable compared to Paris and London,&...
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en
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https://www.obonparis.com/favicon.ico
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https://www.obonparis.com/en/magazine/3-days-guide-in-berlin
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Berlin's mayor once shortly summed up Germany's capital city as 'poor but sexy'. Still affordable compared to Paris and London, trendy and free-spirited, Berlin has become one of the most attractive European capitals for tourists in the last decade. It is both a vibrant multi-million metropolis and a European city with a long history where super-modern architecture and historical sights coexist. Also, Berlin is the greenest and most spacious among the major European capitals, boasting more parks, city forests and water than all the others, allowing locals and visitors alike to breathe freely.
Mainly due to its momentous history, Berlin is probably the most eclectic major Western capital. Its districts are often very different from each other and sometimes feel like they were from different regions, for some reason stitched together into one city. The historical and government Mitte district with the Reichstag, the Brandenburg Gate and the glass and steel, ultra-modern Potsdamer Platz stands next to the lively and fashionable Kreuzberg and punky Friedrichshain in East Berlin.
Berlin is like an enormous history book or a crossword puzzle. At almost every turn there are references to historical events that shaped the modern image of the German capital: remains of the Berlin Wall, memorial tiles engraved in the pavement, signs of former checkpoints, various graffitis from different epochs, old breweries converted into modern exhibition halls.
In this article we suggest a three-day route through the German capital with most of its landmarks, as well as locally popular cafes and art venues so that you will fall in love with the city's eclecticism, functionality and its freedom for the craziest artistic experiments.
Day 1 - The Mitte
Museum Island
You should start your aquaintance with Berlin from the historical district called Mitte. Almost all the main attractions are found here within walking distance. The Mitte's heart is beating in the beautiful Museum Island on the Spree River. Five of Berlin's most famous museums are located here: the Bode Museum, the Pergamon Museum, the Old National Gallery, the Old Museum and the New Museum. This distinctive architectural ensemble took more than a hundred years to build. Since 1999, it has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The five museums present collections of works of art and rare archaeological artifacts of ancient civilizations, early Christian Byzantium, German and European art, covering six millennia of human history.
All five museums are free every Thursday from 4PM. Also, it pays to buy the three-days Berlin Museum Pass as it gives you free admission to over 30 Berlin museums. The regular price is 29 euros, the reduced price is 14.5 euros. Click here to see the full list of museums and to purchase the Berlin Museum Pass.
Apart from exploring the greatest Berlin museums, you can feast your eyes on the monumental Berlin Cathedral, stroll along the river and visit open film screenings or live music concerts in the summer.
Address: Museumsinsel 10117 Berlin
Transportation: city trains (S-Bahn) S1, S2, S25, S26, (U-Bahn) U6, Fridrichstaße station / U2, Spittelmarkt, Märkisches Museum, Hausvogteiplatz stations / S3, S5, S7, S9, trams M4, M5, M6, Hackescher Markt station / trams M1, 12, Am Kupfergraben station
Opening hours: visit Museum Island's official website for all the information
Admission fee: click here. Free admission every Thursday from 16:00.
Official website: click here
Café Hummus & Friends
After exploring museums, stop by the Hummus & Friends cafe nearby, Mitte insiders' favorite spot for a lunch break. It is a nice low-key vegetarian cafe with dozens of different kinds of homemade hummus - a speciality from the Mediterranean made of mashed chickpeas, olive oil, lemon juice, salt and garlic. You can choose between beetroot, mushroom, avocado, and even chocolate and mango hummus along with lion's share of vegetable salads and desserts. This is an ideal spot for a healthy lunch or dinner, even if you are not a vegetarian. You will find a relaxed atmosphere, stylish design and a friendly staff - as their slogan says "Make hummus, not walls".
Address: Oranienburger Str. 27, 10117 Berlin
Transportation: Metro S1, S2, S25, S26, Oranienburger Straße station / trams M1, M5 / bus M1, Oranienburger Straße station
Opening hours: Every day 11:00 - 23:00
The Reichstag
The Reichstag building is where the sessions of the German parliament take place and new laws are passed. It is the main symbol of German democracy. The principle of transparency is reflected in the design of the glass dome that is open for visitors everyday. It is a fantastic architectural structure made of glass and mirrors reminiscent of a space station. From inside the dome you get a full view of the parliament's hall and the ongoing parliamentary sessions. Two circular ramps go up to the observation deck at the top of the dome. A panoramic view of Berlin 40 meters above the city will take your breath away.
To visit the dome, you have to register on the official website of the Reichstag. Pick a sunny day for the visit and do not forget to bring your passport. Better to arrive 15 minutes before the time on the ticket. Take a free audio guide at the entrance to learn about the history of the Reichstag building.
You can also visit a parliamentary session and take a guided tour inside the Reichstag building. During the tour, you will see messages scrawled on the walls by Red Army soldiers from the time of the siege in 1945 when they raised the Soviet flag on the Reichstag, a moment that symbolizes to this day the victory over fascism.
Address: Platz der Republik 1, 11011 Berlin
Transportation: U55 (U-Bahn), Bundestag station / S1, S2, S 25, S 26, U55, Bus 100, 245, Brandenburger Tor station
Opening hours: Every day 8:00 - 24:00
Registration: Click here
The Brandenburg Gate
The Brandenburg Gate is a symbol of Berlin and perhaps the most recognizable landmark of Germany. It is the only city gate of the German capital that still exists today. It was built in the 18th century as the first significant monument in the new architectural style of Berlin classicism as Prussia was rising as a European power. The gate was commisioned by the Prussian king Frederick William II, originally named the 'Peace Gate'. The gate was decorated with a sculpture depicting Victoria, the goddess of victory, driving a chariot pulled by four horses - the Quadriga of Victory.
Throughout its existence, the Brandenburg gate was often a site for major historical events. It witnessed many of the great military events in German history: the triumphal procession of the troops of Napoleon after their victory over Prussia in 1806 and German soldiers going to the front in both world wars.
Since 1961, the Gate was inaccessible, blocked by the Berlin wall that divided the capital into East and West Berlin. For 28 years, it was a symbol of a divided Germany. Since the unification of Berlin it has not only stood as a reminder of the tumultuous history of Germany, but also as a symbol of unity and peace. The gate suffered wars, ruins, damage, but it has retained its original appearance today thanks to a thorough restoration.
Nowadays the Brandenburg Gate is a part of the architectural ensemble of Paris Square. The Gate overlooks Berlin's most famous boulevard - Unter den Linden ('Under the lime trees' in German) named after its long lines of lime trees. The street runs from the Brandenburg Gate and Paris Square to the Spree River and the Berlin Palace.
Address: Pariser Platz, 10117 Berlin
Transportation: S1, S2, S 25, S 26, U55, Bus 100, 245, Brandenburger Tor station
Potsdamer Platz
Potsdamer Platz is often called 'a New York in Berlin'. Made of glass and steel, it is an ultra-modern complex of high-rise office buildings and a hub of entertainment and shopping.
Since the late 19th century and until the Second World War, the square was a lively place with high-class hotels and restaurants. In the destruction of the war it turned into a complete wasteland, and afterwards the square was razed. By the mid-seventies there was nothing left but the Berlin Wall. The only remaining piece of the old Potsdamer Platz, from the Kaisersaal hall of the Hotel Esplanade, is kept today in a vitrine like a museum exhibit.
In 1990, the Pink Floyd leader Roger Waters gave a live concert here and a year later the square became the largest construction site in Europe. Today Potsdamer Platz is again one of the liveliest places in Berlin. There is a wonderful Legoland museum, attractive for young and old, and a Museum of Film and Television in the huge Sony Center. Also, every year in February, three cinema theaters roll out a red carpet for celebrities and film stars during the world famous Berlinale festival.
Address: Potsdamer Platz, 10785 Berlin
Transportation: U2 Potsdamer Platz station / S1, S2, S25, S26, Berlin Potsdamer Platz Bahnhof station
Restaurant Vino & Basilico
It was a great luck to hit upon this superb small Italian restaurant in the Mitte on a cold rainy evening, the typical Berlin weather in early spring. You will be warmed up by the Southern hospitality and the cozy, relaxing atmosphere as if you were in the home of an Italian friend. You will be treated with delicious classical Italian dishes, from fresh burrata and veal carpaccio to several types of home-made pasta and a soft chocolate cake and air-whipped tiramisu.
It was a challenge to choose between straccetti, tortelloni, macceroncini, fusilloni, tagliolini types of pasta. We picked the exotic black Tagliolini with red prawns and smoked Provola cheese and a glass of white wine (that you can see on the photo above) that turned out to be finger-licking. It is a perfect gourmand dinner after a long day of sight-seeing.
Vino & Basilico is a pocket of sweet Italian dolce vita in the middle of Berlin.
Address: Tucholskystraße 18/20, 10117 Berlin
Transportation: S-Bahn, Oranienburger Str. station
Opening hours: Mon-Fri 12: 00-14: 00, 17: 00-23: 00 / Sat & Holidays 17:00 - 23:00
Day 2
Kulturbrauerei
Kulturbrauerei, 'cultural brewery' in German, is a complex of buildings in the North of Berlin humming with cultural events year-long. It was once one of Berlin's most successful and largest breweries. In 1974, the Kulturbrauerei received the status of a historical monument as one of the few surviving industrial complexes from 19th century Berlin. In the late 1990s there was a decision to turn this industrial space into a local epicenter of cultural life.
Today, Kulturbrauerei is pulsing with concerts, shows, parties, exhibitions and open-air events. The food market 'Street Food auf Achse' takes place every Sunday in the yard, where you can treat yourself with everything from vegan delicacies to meat burgers and Mexican spicy food. In the winter, the most beautiful Christmas market of the city opens for Berliners and visitors offering artisan products and specialties from Scandinavian countries.
Address: Schönhauser Allee 36, 10435 Berlin
Transportation: U2, tram 12, M1, M10, bus N2, Eberswalder Straße station
Website: click here
East Side Gallery
East Side Gallery, located along the Spree river in the Friedrichshain district, is perhaps the most unusual art gallery in the world. It is a large collection of open-air murals painted on the 1316-meters long remaining fragment of the Berlin Wall.
From 1961 until 1989, the border between West and East Germany cut through the center of Berlin and divided the city into two. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, a section of the wall remained to be a canvas for artistic reflection on those political events. 118 artists from 21 countries painted more than a hundred graffiti on the east side of the Wall, transforming a symbol of division and conflict into one of peace and unity.
One of the most famous murals of the East Side Gallery is a graffity by Russian artist Dmitry Vrubel 'My God, Help Me to Survive This Fatal Attraction'. It is sometimes referred to as the 'Fraternal Kiss' as it depicts Leonid Brezhnev (the leader of the USSR) and Erich Honecker (head of the German Democratic Republic) greeting each other with a kiss.
Over time, in the absence of protection, the graffiti were unrecognizably damaged, and in 2009 the city authorities invited artists to restore their murals. Since then, the gallery has been under government protection as a historical monument.
Address: Mühlenstraße 3-100, 10243 Berlin, Germany
Transportation: U1, U3, tram M10, buses 300, 347, N1, U1, Warschauer Str. station
Restaurant Baraka
If you love North African (Maghreb) cuisine, you should visit the restaurant 'Baraka' for the best falafel in town. In a spacious hall, with ochreous walls as if scorched by the Sahara's sun, you can sit at your table or take off your shoes and cross legs on a soft carpet with pillows just like you were in a cafe in Marrakesh. If you are not yet familiar with Moroccan and Egyptian cuisine, try some classic dish like tajine - savory meat stew slow-cooked in a special earthenware pot. You can try several types of tajine, for example, veal with cinnamon sauce, sesame, almonds and prunes. Couscous and homemade bread are served as a side dish.
We tried so called Mezze, a selection of various small dishes served as appetizers, and stayed for hours drinking hot mint tea from a silver teapot.
It is an ideal place for delicious leisurely meals with friends and enjoying high-quality Egyptian and Moroccan specialties at resonable prices.
Address: Lausitzer Pl. 6, 10997 Berlin, Germany
Transportation: U1, U3, trams M29, N1, U1, Görlitzer Bahnhof station
Opening hours: Mon-Thurs, Sun 11:00- 24:00, Fri, Sat 11:00 - 25:00
Gendarmenmarkt
Gendarmenmarkt is the most beautiful historical square in the center of Berlin, one of its emblematic landmarks.
In the late 18th century, the Prussian king Frederick I commissioned two churches to be built here: a 'German church' (Neue Kirche or Deutscher Dom) for Lutherans and a 'French church' (Französischer Dom) for Calvinists. These two cathedrals face each other across the square, adjoining a monumental Concert Hall. In front of it, there is the statue of the German poet Friedrich Schiller.
Gendarmenmarkt has changed its name several times. Its current name comes from a curious historical fact: in the 18th century the stable for the horses of the gendarmes, the elite Prussian cavalry, were located here.
The square is surrounded by a large number of high-class restaurants and hotels, and is gorgeously illuminated by night.
Address: Gendarmenmarkt, 10117 Berlin, Germany
Transportation: U2, Hausvogteiplatz station / U2, U6, bus N6, Stadt Mitte station
Rausch Chocolate House
Rausch (meaning ecstasy or rush in German) is the biggest and one of the oldest chocolate shops in Berlin that recently celebrated its centenary. Discover three floors of this immense chocolate 'realm' next to Gendarmenmarkt square, with a large sweets shop, a chocolate museum and a cafe. You can choose between 200 types of Rausch signature pralines at their famous counter and also see the city's main landmarks handcrafted from chocolate on-site: a sweet miniature of the Brandenburg Gate and the Reichstag. A box of Rausch pralines or a chocolate figure of city's official symbol, a bear, will be a wonderful souvenir from Berlin.
The Rausch cafe on the third floor is a perfect spot for a sweet pause during your sightseeing or before going to a concert in the Berlin Concert Hall next street. Treat yourself with their signature hot chocolate or an apple strudel. Also, this chocolate temple recently expanded and opened a small stylish coffee shop, Rausch Deli, with fresh patisserie and freshly roasted coffee-to-go.
Address: Charlottenstraße 60, 10117 Berlin
Transportation: U2, U6, bus N6, Stadt Mitte station
Opening hours: Every day 10:00 - 20:00
Konzerthaus
Berlin Konzerthaus is one of the main classical music venues in the city, located at the heart of the prettiest Gendarmenmarkt square.
During the Second World War, the neoclassical building was badly damaged, like most of Berlin's historical architectural sites. It reopened in 1984 as a concert hall, hosting today over 550 classical music, opera and jazz events a year.
Berlin Konzerthaus loves to experiment with different formats and to expand audience's exprience of music. It offers unusual series of musical perfomances, for example, 'Mittendrin - Right in the middle', where you can have a seat in the middle of the orchestra to experience the music up-close, or 'Espresso Concerts' every Wednesday with tickets including a cup of espresso before the concert. Chamber music concerts are also regularly held. You can check the program and book a ticket at the official website.
Address: Gendarmenmarkt, 10117 Berlin, Germany
Transportation: U2, Hausvogteiplatz station / U2, U6, Stadt Mitte station
Website: Click here
Day 3
Alexanderplatz
Alexanderplatz is both an important transportation hub in the Mitte district and a large pedestrian square. Since the 18th century, the official name of the square was the “Royal Gate Square” but after the visit of the Russian emperor Alexander I in 1805, it was renamed to 'Alexanderplatz'. Berliners often simply call it 'Alex'.
Locals love to fix meetings and occasionally organize protests at the gigantesque World Clock, also known as the Urania World Clock, a large turret-style world clock that shows current time in 148 major cities around the world.
The 368 metres-tall Television Tower (Berliner Fernsehturm) located close to Alexanderplatz is also an essential part of Berlin's skyline and a key tourist attraction. It is the tallest structure in Germany, with a fantastic observation deck and a revolving sphere restaurant with breathtaking 360 degrees panorama.
Address: 10178 Berlin, Germany
Transportation: U2, U5, U8, Alexanderplatz station / S3, S5, S7, S9, Berlin Alexanderplatz Bahnhof station / trams M4, M5, M6, Alexanderplatz Bhf/Gontardstraße station
Opening hours of the observation deck: March to October: 9:00 - 24:00 / November to February: 10:00 - 24:00 / the bar closes at 23:30
Website: Click here
Berlin Cathedral
The Berlin Cathedral (Berliner Dom in German) on the Museum Island is a majestic baroque building with patina green domes and the largest Protestant church in Germany. Initially, the ambition of the Lutheran community in Prussia in the late 19th century was to surpass the Vatican's St. Peter's Basilica in its splendor, and to create a site for all European Lutherans to gather. Despite the Protestant doctrine preaching restraint and asceticism, the exterior and interior of the cathedral was built to be luxurious and rich. The dome is open for visits and offers a spectacular panoramic view of Berlin.
In addition to the city’s major opera houses and concert halls, the Berlin Cathedral is considered one of the top-music venues in the city. It hosts over 100 concerts every year, all under the spectacular Cathedral's dome. Check the program at their official website.
After the visit, take a walk in the Lustgarten (Pleasure Garden in German) park in front of the Cathedral.
Address: Am Lustgarten, 10178 Berlin, Germany
Transportation: Bus 100, 245, 300, Lustgarten station / trams M1, 12, Am Kupfergraben station / U2, Spittelmarkt, Märkisches Museum, Hausvogteiplatz stations
Opening hours of Cathedral Visit : Mon-Fri 10:00-19:00 / Sat 10:00-15:30 / Sun 12:00-19:00
Website: click here
Hackesche Höfe
Hackesche Höfe (Höfe means 'courtyards' in German), is a must-visit heritage site in the center of Berlin. It consists of eight interconnected courtyards with gardens, fountains, cafes, designer shops and cultural institutions forming a labyrinth of exciting discoveries.
This place is a rare corner in Berlin: though it changed a lot throughout the twentieth century it eventually got back its historical appearance. Its neighbourhood used to be a poor suburb of Berlin until it was commisionned to be transformed into residential and industrial premises with craftmen's workshops in 1906. The complex of buildings was designed in the Jugendstil (German art nouveau) style, and the first courtyard is decorated with a sumptuous facade of polychrome glazed brick. Three years later, the famous cabaret Der Neue Club (The New Club) was opened here and attracted local bohemian circles. Although it was completely abandoned during the war, the courtyards were later reconstructed and restored. Since 1972, Hackesche Höfe is a state protected architectural monument.
Nowadays it is the most expensive piece of real estate in Berlin. There are cozy cafes, bars, restaurants, a cinema, a theater, designer shops, as well as offices for creative industry professionals. Do not miss the souvenir shop of Ampelmann, the popular red-and-green man and the symbol shown on pedestrian signals in Germany.
Also, the Hackesche Höfe's area is now one of Berlin’s most popular nightlife spots.
Address: Rosenthaler Str. 40-41, 10178 Berlin, Germany
Transportation: S3, S5, S7, S9, S75, trams 12, M1, M4, M5, M6 Hackescher Markt station / U8 U Weinmeisterstraße station
Opening hours: Mon - Fri 8:00 - 24:00 / Sat, Sun 9:00 - 24:00
Restaurant Oxymoron
Take yourself back to the 1920s by having a dinner in this gorgeous restaurant in the first courtyard of the Hackesche Höfe courtyard complex. A very elegant, old-style interior with brass chandeliers and subdued lighting creates a warm relaxing atmosphere of the bohemian salon of another epoch. Book a table on the terrasse in the summer season or stay inside for a cocktail in the lounge bar.
The menu offers classical French and Italian dishes and an extensive list of drinks and cocktails along with a great selection of wines. You can have a three course lunch for 13.50 euros and continue your sightseeing in Berlin-Mitte.
On Friday and Saturday nights Oxymoron transforms into a DJ lounge, and historical art-nouveau style surroundings make it a wonderful place to enjoy the evening.
Address: Rosenthaler Str. 40-41, 10178 Berlin, Germany
Transportation: S3, S5, S7, S9, S75, trams 12, M1, M4, M5, M6 Hackescher Markt station / U8 U Weinmeisterstraße station
Opening hours: Every day 9:00 - 24:00
Käthe Kollwitz Museum
A small museum in a 19th-century villa displays the largest collection of works of renowned German artist and sculptor Käthe Kollwitz. She was one of the most influential artists assotiated with the Expressionist movement. Her very intimate, delicate sculptures and drawings are confessions reflecting her tragic life through the two world wars and all the historical upheavals of the early 20th century in Germany.
Her early work focused on the poverty and hardship among working people in her famous art cycles The Weavers and The Peasant War. Later she turned to the themes of grief and loss creating some of the most intimate, deeply emotional sculptural works, lithographs and paintings after losing her youngest child in the First World War.
Käthe Kollwitz became the first woman to be elected to the Prussian Academy of Arts and also to receive a honorary professor status but forced to resign in 1933 due to her sympathy for socialist ideas. One of her most famous sculptures, Mother with her Dead Son, used for propaganda of the Nazi regime against her will, nowadays is a centerpiece of the 'Central Memorial for the Victims of War and Tyranny' in the The Neue Wache (New Guardhouse) museum in central Berlin.
This museum is a must-visit for all art and history lovers. After the visit, take a walk in the peaceful residential neighborhood Charlottenburg in West Berlin.
Address: Fasanenstraße 24, 10719 Berlin (Charlottenburg), Germany
Transportation: U1 (U-Bahn), buses 109, 110, M19, M29, N10, X10, Uhlandstraße station
Opening hours: Everyday 11:00 - 18:00 / Closed on December 24th and 31st
Entrance fee: Regular tariff - 7 euros / Reduced tariff - 4 euros / Under 18 years, students, apprentices - free entrance
Website: Click here
Café House of Small Wonder
This café definitely sits at the top of Berlin's gastronomic map. Hiding in a quiet street next to the bustling Friedrichstraße, a fairy-tale staircase invites you to a haven of small wonders. First you will see in awe the beautiful artist-built interior with huge windows letting in the sunlight, lots of wood and plants. Second, it is also a favorite place for a fancy breakfast, lunch or brunch for local and international foodies.
After the success of their first café in New York in 2010, a married couple of restaurateurs, Motoko Watanabe and Shaul Margulies, decided to launch the House of Small Wonder in the trendiest and most open-minded European capital, Berlin. The menu reflects its multicultural spirit and consists of delicious lunch bowls with some Japanese influences. You will find spectacular egg dishes, toasts and sandwitches as well as homemade bread, croissants and sweets, freshly baked throughout the day.
One of their specials is the Brunch Set, a slow all-day-long breakfast buffet. A combination of their benedict sundae with miso soup and an avocado sandwich is really a wonder that might very well become your next gourmet obsession.
Address: Johannisstraße 20, 10117 Berlin, Germany
Transportation: U6, Oranienburger Tor station
Opening hours: Every day 9:00 - 22:00
Website: Click here
Frau Tonis Parfum
Frau Tonis Parfum is a boutique of artisanal niche perfumes. It may go unnoticed or seem like a laboratory with glass jars and white empty walls. The minimalist design is meant to let you enjoy the scents only without any distracting details.
Frau Tonis is not a fictional character, she was the beloved grandmother of the brand's creator Stephanie Hansen. The photo of Frau Tonis can be seen among the bottles of perfumes. It was the craving for experiments and love for exquisite scents that Stephanie inherited from her grandmother and that inspired her to create her own perfume manufacture.
The range of their perfumes consists of more than a hundred of very sensual and elegant scents, from warm, woody, heavy or sweet-spicy to gentle, fruity and floral. As stated on their website individualism is the core principle of the brand. You can also create your own scent composition. Or, you can choose their best-seller, 'Linde Berlin', and bring home the scent of Berlin's blooming lime trees in a small flacone.
As Vogue says, this is a unique place for perfume aficionados from all over the world.
Address: Zimmerstraße 13 10969 Berlin, Germany
Transportation: U6 U Kochstraße station / buses M29, N6
Opening hours: Mon - Sat 10:00 - 18:00
Website: Click here
Author and photos - Olga Andrianova
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_U-Bahn
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Rapid transport system of Berlin, Germany
U-Bahn BerlinOverviewOwnerBerliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG)LocaleBerlinTransit typeRapid transitNumber of lines9 (numbered U1–U9)[1]Number of stations175[1]Daily ridership1,515,342 (average daily, 2017)[2]Annual ridership553.1 million (2017)[2]WebsiteBVG.de – HomepageOperationBegan operation15 January 1902; 122 years ago ( )Operator(s)Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG)Train length~100 metres (328 ft 1 in)Headway4–5 minutes (daytime)TechnicalSystem length155.64 km (96.7 mi)[1]Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)Electrification750 V DC Third railAverage speed30.7 km/h (19.1 mph)[1]Top speed72 km/h (45 mph)
Berlin U-Bahn
Rathaus Spandau Alt-Tegel Altstadt Spandau Borsigwerke Zitadelle Holzhauser Straße Haselhorst Otisstraße Paulsternstraße Scharnweberstraße Rohrdamm Kurt-Schumacher-Platz Siemensdamm Afrikanische Straße Halemweg Rehberge Jakob-Kaiser-Platz Seestraße Jungfernheide Mierendorffplatz Wittenau Richard-Wagner-Platz Rathaus Reinickendorf Karl-Bonhoeffer-Nervenklinik Ruhleben Lindauer Allee Olympia-Stadion Paracelsus-Bad Neu-Westend Residenzstraße Theodor-Heuss-Platz Franz-Neumann-Platz Kaiserdamm Osloer Straße Sophie-Charlotte-Platz Pankstraße Gesundbrunnen Krumme Lanke Voltastraße Onkel Toms Hütte Bernauer Straße Oskar-Helene-Heim Rosenthaler Platz Thielplatz Weinmeisterstraße Dahlem-Dorf Podbielskiallee Nauener Platz Breitenbachplatz Leopoldplatz Rüdesheimer Platz Amrumer Straße Heidelberger Platz Westhafen Birkenstraße Bismarckstraße Turmstraße Deutsche Oper Hansaplatz Ernst-Reuter-Platz Zoologischer Garten Uhlandstraße Wedding Kurfürstendamm Reinickendorfer Straße Schwartzkopffstraße Wilmersdorfer Straße Naturkundemuseum Adenauerplatz Oranienburger Tor Konstanzer Straße Friedrichstraße Fehrbelliner Platz Blissestraße Hohenzollernplatz Spichernstraße Güntzelstraße Augsburger Straße Berliner Straße Wittenbergplatz Bundesplatz Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz Nollendorfplatz Walther-Schreiber-Platz Viktoria-Luise-Platz Schloßstraße Bayerischer Platz Rathaus Steglitz Rathaus Schöneberg Innsbrucker Platz Bülowstraße Gleisdreieck Kurfürstenstraße Mendelssohn-Bartholdy-Park Potsdamer Platz Hauptbahnhof Mohrenstraße Bundestag Brandenburger Tor Eisenacher Straße Kleistpark Unter den Linden Yorckstraße Stadtmitte Möckernbrücke Kochstraße Hallesches Tor Mehringdamm Gneisenaustraße Hausvogteiplatz Südstern Spittelmarkt Märkisches Museum Platz der Luftbrücke Klosterstraße Paradestraße Tempelhof Museumsinsel Alt-Tempelhof Rotes Rathaus Kaiserin-Augusta-Straße Alexanderplatz Ullsteinstraße Westphalweg Jannowitzbrücke Alt-Mariendorf Heinrich-Heine-Straße Moritzplatz Prinzenstraße Kottbusser Tor Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz Görlitzer Bahnhof Senefelderplatz Schlesisches Tor Eberswalder Straße Warschauer Straße Schönhauser Allee Vinetastraße Schönleinstraße Pankow Hermannplatz Boddinstraße Schillingstraße Leinestraße Strausberger Platz Hermannstraße Weberwiese Frankfurter Tor Rathaus Neukölln Samariterstraße Karl-Marx-Straße Frankfurter Allee Neukölln Magdalenenstraße Grenzallee Lichtenberg Blaschkoallee Friedrichsfelde Parchimer Allee Tierpark Britz-Süd Biesdorf-Süd Johannisthaler Chaussee Elsterwerdaer Platz Lipschitzallee Wuhletal Wutzkyallee Kaulsdorf-Nord Zwickauer Damm Kienberg Rudow Cottbusser Platz Hellersdorf Louis-Lewin-Straße Hönow
Up and down correspond (very) roughly to west and east, respectively.
The Berlin U-Bahn (German: [ˈuː baːn]; short for Untergrundbahn, "underground railway") is a rapid transit system in Berlin, the capital and largest city of Germany, and a major part of the city's public transport system. Together with the S-Bahn, a network of suburban train lines, and a tram network that operates mostly in the eastern parts of the city, it serves as the main means of transport in the capital.
Opened in 1902, the U-Bahn serves 175 stations[1] spread across nine lines, with a total track length of 155.64 kilometres (96 miles 57 chains),[3] about 80% of which is underground.[4] Trains run every two to five minutes during peak hours, every five minutes for the rest of the day and every ten minutes in the evening. Over the course of a year, U-Bahn trains travel 132 million kilometres (82 million miles),[1] and carry over 400 million passengers.[1] In 2017, 553.1 million passengers rode the U-Bahn.[2] The entire system is maintained and operated by the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe, commonly known as the BVG.
Designed to alleviate traffic flowing into and out of central Berlin, the U-Bahn was rapidly expanded until the city was divided into East and West Berlin at the end of World War II. Although the system remained open to residents of both sides at first, the construction of the Berlin Wall and the subsequent restrictions imposed by East Germany limited travel across the border. The East Berlin U-Bahn lines from West Berlin were severed, except for two West Berlin lines that ran through East Berlin (U6 and U8). These were allowed to pass through East Berlin without stopping at any of the stations, which were closed. Friedrichstraße was the exception because it was used as a transfer point between U6 and the West Berlin S-Bahn system, and a border crossing into East Berlin. The system was reopened completely following the fall of the Berlin Wall and German reunification.
The Berlin U-Bahn is the most extensive underground network in Germany.[1] In 2006, travel on the Berlin U-Bahn was equivalent to 122.2 million km (76 million mi) of car journeys.[5]
History
[edit]
The Berlin U-Bahn was built in three major phases:
Up to 1913: the construction of the Kleinprofil (small profile) network in Berlin, Charlottenburg, Schöneberg, and Wilmersdorf;
Up to 1930: the introduction of the Großprofil (large profile) network that established the first north–south lines;
From 1953 on: further development after World War II.
In a bid to secure its own improvement, Schöneberg also wanted a connection to Berlin. The elevated railway company did not believe such a line would be profitable, so the city built the first locally financed underground in Germany (intentionally using standard of KleinprofilBerlin U-Bahn rolling stock). It was opened on 1 December 1910. Just a few months earlier, work began on a fourth line to link Wilmersdorf in the southwest to the growing Berlin U-Bahn.[6]
The early network ran mostly east to west, connecting the richer areas in and around Berlin, as these routes had been deemed the most profitable. In order to open up the network to more of the workers of Berlin, the city wanted north–south lines to be established. In 1920, the surrounding areas were annexed to form Groß-Berlin ("Greater Berlin Act"), removing the need for many negotiations, and giving the city much greater bargaining power over the private Hochbahngesellschaft ("elevated railway company"). The city also mandated that new lines would use wider carriages—running on the same, standard-gauge track—to provide greater passenger capacity; these became known as the Großprofil ("large profile") network.[citation needed]
Construction of the Nord-Süd-Bahn ("North-South railway") connecting Wedding in the north to Tempelhof and Neukölln in the south had started in December 1912, but halted for the First World War. Work resumed in 1919, although the money shortage caused by hyperinflation slowed progress considerably. On 30 January 1923, the first section opened between Hallesches Tor and Stettiner Bahnhof (Naturkundemuseum), with a continuation to Seestraße following two months later. Desperately underfunded, the new line had to use trains from the old Kleinprofil network; the carriages exits had to be widened to fill the gap to the platforms with wooden boards that passengers jokingly referred to as Blumenbretter ("boards for flower pots"). The line branched at Belle-Alliance-Straße, now (Mehringdamm); the continuation south to Tempelhof opened on 22 December 1929, the branch to Grenzallee on 21 December 1930.[citation needed]
In 1912, plans were approved for AEG to build its own north–south underground line, named the GN-Bahn after its termini, Gesundbrunnen and Neukölln, via Alexanderplatz. Financial difficulties stopped the construction in 1919; the liquidation of AEG-Schnellbahn-AG, and Berlin's commitment to the Nord-Süd-Bahn, prevented any further development until 1926. The first section opened on 17 July 1927 between Boddinstraße and Schönleinstraße, with the intermediate Hermannplatz becoming the first station at which passengers could transfer between two different Großprofil lines. The completed route was opened on 18 April 1930. Before control of the U-Bahn network was handed over completely to the BVG in 1929, the Hochbahngesellschaft started construction on a final line that, in contrast to its previous lines, was built as part of the Großprofil network. The major development was stopped in 1930.[citation needed]
The seizure of power by the National Socialists brought many changes that affected Germany, including the U-Bahn. Most notably, the new national flag was hung in every station, and two of the stations were renamed. Extensive plans—mostly the work of architect Albert Speer—were drawn up that included the construction of a circular line crossing the established U-Bahn lines, and new lines or extensions to many outlying districts. Despite such grand plans, no U-Bahn development occurred. In the Nazi period the only addition to Berlin's underground railways was North–South Tunnel of S-Bahn, opened 1936–1939.[citation needed]
During the Second World War, U-Bahn travel soared as car use fell, and many of the underground stations were used as air-raid shelters; however, Allied bombs damaged or destroyed large parts of the U-Bahn system. Although the damage was usually repaired fairly quickly, the reconstructions became more difficult as the war went on. Eventually, on 25 April 1945, the whole system ground to a halt when the power station supplying the network failed. Upon unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany following the Battle for Berlin there were 437 damaged points and 496 damaged vehicles.[citation needed]
The war had damaged or destroyed much of the network; however, 69.5 km (43.2 mi) of track and 93 stations were in use by the end of 1945, and the reconstruction was completed in 1950.[7] Nevertheless, the consequent division of Berlin into East and West sectors brought further changes to the U-Bahn. Although the network spanned all sectors, and residents had freedom of movement, West Berliners increasingly avoided the Soviet sector and, from 1953, loudspeakers on the trains gave warnings when approaching the border, where passage of East Germans into the Western sectors also became subject to restrictions imposed by their government. There was a general strike on 17 June 1953 which closed the sections of the Berlin U-Bahn that traveled through East Berlin. Just after the strike, on the following day, train service on the line A was resumed and the service C was resumed to provide connections to Nordbahnhof and Friedrichstraße.[7]
Between 1953 and 1955, the 200-Kilometre-Plan was drawn up, detailing the future development of the U-Bahn, which would grow to 200 km (124.3 mi). Extending the C line to run from Tegel to Alt-Mariendorf was considered the highest priority: the northern extension to Tegel was opened on 31 May 1958. In order to circumvent East Berlin, and provide rapid-transport connections to the densely populated areas in Steglitz, Wedding, and Reinickendorf, a third north–south line was needed. The first section of line G was built between Leopoldplatz and Spichernstraße, with the intention of extending it at both ends. It had been planned to open the G line on 2 September 1961, but an earlier opening on 28 August was forced by the announcement of the construction of the Berlin Wall.[7]
The next crisis was followed by the Berlin Wall construction on 13 August 1961, which had split the city between east and west. The U2 was split into two sections, and for the north–south lines, trains were not allowed to stop for passengers and become Geisterbahnhöfe ("ghost stations"),[7] patrolled by armed East-German border guards. Only at Friedrichstraße, a designated border crossing point, were passengers allowed to disembark. A further consequence over the years is that most of the Berlin S-Bahn passengers boycotted the Deutsche Reichsbahn, and transferred to the U-Bahn with numerous expansion.[7]
From 9 November 1989, following months of unrest, the travel restrictions placed upon East Germans were lifted. Tens of thousands of East Berliners heard the statement live on television and flooded the border checkpoints, demanding entry into West Berlin. Jannowitzbrücke, a former ghost station, was reopened two days later as an additional crossing point. It was the first station to be reopened after the opening of the Berlin Wall. Other stations, Rosenthaler Platz and Bernauer Straße on the U8 soon followed suit; and by 1 July 1990, all border controls were removed. In the decade following reunification, only three short extensions were made to U-Bahn lines.[7]
In the 1990s some stations in the eastern portion of the city still sported bullet-riddled tiles at their entrances, a result of World War II battle damage during the Battle of Berlin. These were removed by 21 December 2004.[citation needed]
U-Bahn network
[edit]
Routes
[edit]
Main article: Berlin U-Bahn infrastructure
The U-Bahn has nine lines:
Line Route Opened Length Stations Color Uhlandstraße – Warschauer Straße 1902–1926 8.814 km (5.477 mi) 13 RAL 6018 Pankow – Ruhleben 1902–2000 20.716 km (12.872 mi) 29 RAL 2002 Krumme Lanke – Warschauer Straße 1902–1929 18.948 km (11.774 mi) 24 RAL 6016 Nollendorfplatz – Innsbrucker Platz 1910 2.864 km (1.780 mi) 5 RAL 1023 Hauptbahnhof – Hönow 1930–2020 22.081 km (13.720 mi) 26 RAL 8007 Alt-Tegel – Alt-Mariendorf 1923–1966 19.888 km (12.358 mi) 29 RAL 4005 Rathaus Spandau – Rudow 1924–1984 31.760 km (19.735 mi) 40 RAL 5012 Wittenau – Hermannstraße 1927–1996 18.042 km (11.211 mi) 24 RAL 5010 Rathaus Steglitz – Osloer Straße 1961–1976 12.523 km (7.781 mi) 18 RAL 2003
Stations
[edit]
For a more comprehensive list, see List of Berlin U-Bahn stations.
Among Berlin's 170 U-Bahn stations[1] there are many with especially striking architecture or unusual design characteristics:
Hermannplatz station resembles something of a U-Bahn cathedral. The platform area is 7 metres (23 ft 0 in) high, 132 metres (433 ft 1 in) long and 22 metres (72 ft 2 in) wide. It was built in connection with the construction of the first North-South Line (Nord-Süd-Bahn), now the U8. The architecturally important department store Karstadt adjacent to the station, was being constructed at the same time. Karstadt contributed a large sum of money towards the decoration of the station and was in return rewarded with direct access from the station to the store. Hermannplatz was also the first U-Bahn station in Berlin to be equipped with escalators. Today, Hermannplatz is a busy interchange between the U7 and U8.
Alexanderplatz station is another of the more notable U-Bahn stations in Berlin, and is an important interchange between three lines (U2, U5 and U8). The first part of the station was opened in 1913 along with an extension of today's U2 line. In the 1920s Alexanderplatz was completely redesigned, both above and below ground. The U-Bahn station was expanded to provide access to the new D (today's U8) and E (today's U5) lines, then under construction. The result was a station with a restrained blue-grey tiled colour-scheme and Berlin's first underground shopping facilities, designed by Alfred Grenander. Over the last few years Alexanderplatz station has, in stages, been restored; the work was due to be finished in 2007.
Wittenbergplatz station is also unusually designed. It opened in 1902 as a simple station with two side platforms, designed to plans created by Paul Wittig. The station was completely redesigned by Alfred Grenander in 1912, with five platform faces, accommodating two new lines, one to Dahlem on today's (U3), and the other to Kurfürstendamm, today's Uhlandstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) on the (U1). A provision for a sixth platform was included but has never been completed. The redesign also featured a new entrance building, which blended into the grand architectural styles of Wittenbergplatz and the nearby KaDeWe department store. The interior of the entrance building was again rebuilt after considerable war damage during World War II, this time in a contemporary 1950s style. This lasted until the early 1980s when the interior was retro-renovated back into its original style. Wittenbergplatz station was presented with a London style "Roundel type" station sign in 1952, the 50th Anniversary of the Berlin U-Bahn. Today's station is an interchange station between the U1, U2 and U3 lines.
The name of the Gleisdreieck (rail triangle) station is reminiscent of a construction which can only be imagined today. The wye was built in the opening year 1902. Plans for a redesign were made soon after, because the wye was already obsolete. An accident on 26 September 1908, which claimed 18 to 21 lives, was the final straw. The redesign and expansion of the transfer station, during which the station was still used, took until 1912. After World War II the station was put back into service on 21 October 1945 (lower platform) and 18 November 1945 (upper platform). However, service was interrupted again by the construction of the Berlin Wall. From 1972 onwards no trains ran on the lower platform, because servicing the U2 was no longer profitable due to the parallel traffic on the U1. The lower platform was reactivated in 1983, when the test line of the M-Bahn was built from the Gleisdreieck to the Kemperplatz station. It was broken down again after the fall of the Berlin Wall, since it obstructed parts of the reopened U2. Since 1993 the U1 and U2 trains both service the station again.
Tickets
[edit]
Berlin public transit passes are available from many places, automated and non-automated, from BVG, Bahn, and authorized third-parties. The Ring-Bahn Line and the other S-Bahn lines are included, as are all U-Bahn lines, buses, trams, ferries, and most trains within the city limits: tickets are valid for all transportation considered part of the Berlin-Regional public transit system.
The Berlin U-Bahn mostly runs on an honor system and has been noted for its relative lack of turnstiles in its stations; instead transportation agents will inspect tickets and fine fare evaders.[8]
Ride-passes (tickets) are available in fare classes: Adult and Reduced. Children between the ages of six and 14 and large dogs qualify for the reduced fare. Children below the age of six and small dogs travel free. There are senior discounts in the form of an annual ticket. Residents who have applied for and received a German Disability Identification card confirming 80% or more disability (ID's available from the Versorgungsamt, German Disability Office), can ride without a pass, including an additional person (as a helper). The disability identification card must be in the owner's possession when traveling.
With unemployment in the east averaging 15%, another common fare class in Berlin is the S(ocial)-Class. These identification cards are cleared through the normal government offices, then fulfilled at a BVG ride-pass non-automated location. Provided either by the Job Center (Arbeitsamt) for out-of-work residents or by the Sozialamt for people who cannot work or are disabled, the S-Class ride-passes normally restrict travel to the AB zones and must be renewed (a new pass purchased at a non-automated location) on the 1st of each month.
Additional passes are available for those which want to bring a bicycle on the public transit system. A bicycle-pass is included in the Student-class ride-pass, which is provided through the universities.
For small dogs which can be carried there is no additional fare requirement. For each "large dog", a reduced fare ride-pass must be purchased. Tourist ride-passes, all-day, group passes, and season passes include a dog fare.
BVG ride-passes are issued for specific periods of time, and most require validation with a stamping machine before they are first used. The validation shows the date and time of the first use, and where the ticket was validated (in code), and therefore when the ticket expires. For example, once validated, an all-day pass allows unlimited use from the time of purchase to 3:00 am the following day. Unlike most other metro systems, tickets in Berlin are not checked before entering tram, U-Bahn or S-Bahn stations. They are however checked by the bus drivers upon entering. On the tram, S-Bahn and U-Bahn, a proof-of-payment system is used: there are random spot checks inside by plain-clothed fare inspectors who have the right to demand to see each passenger's ticket. Passengers found without a ticket or an expired/invalid ticket are fined €60 per incident. The passenger may be required to pay on the spot, and is required on the spot to give a valid address to which the relevant fine notice can be mailed (it does not have to be in Germany). On the third incident, the BVG calls the offender to court, as there is now a history of 'riding without paying'.
Fare zones
Berlin is a part of the Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (Berlin-Brandenburg Transit Authority, VBB), which means ticketing and fare systems are unified with that of the surrounding state of Brandenburg. Berlin is divided into three fare zones, known as A, B, and C. Zone A is the area in the centre of Berlin and is demarcated by the S-Bahn urban rail ring line. Zone B covers the rest of the area within the city borders, and Zone C includes the immediate surroundings of Berlin. Zone C is divided into eight parts, each belonging to an administrative district. The Potsdam-Mittelmark area is included in the city district of Potsdam.
Tickets can be bought for specific fare zones, or multiple zones. Most passengers who live in Berlin buy AB fare zone tickets, while commuters coming in from the suburbs need ABC fare zone tickets. If a ticket not valid for travel in a tariff zone is checked by a ticket inspector, the passenger is subject to a fine.
Short-term tickets
Single-journey tickets (Einzeltickets) are issued for use within specific fare zones, namely AB, BC, and ABC. They are only valid for two hours after validation, and cannot be extended. The BVG also offers single-day tickets (Tageskarte), which are valid for the entire day when first validated until 3 a.m. the next morning.
Long-term tickets
Long-term paper tickets are issued with validity periods of seven days (7-Tage-Karte), one month (Monatskarten), or one year (Jahreskarte). The BVG is in the process of introducing the plastic MetroCard as a yearly ticket that also has additional features. The Metrocard also permits passengers to make reservations for hire cars at specific times, for example on weekends. It is expected that plastic Metrocards without such features will also be made available as they are more durable and ecofriendly than the paper tickets.
Tourist passes
The BVG offers tickets directed specifically for non-resident tourists of Berlin called the WelcomeCard and CityTourCard [1]. WelcomeCards are valid for either 48 or 72 hours, and can be used by one adult and up to three children between the ages of six and 14. WelcomeCards are valid in fare zones ABC, and have the additional benefit of a reduction on entry fees to many museums and tourist attractions. See the Current Prices and Descriptions link for more information.
Underground facilities
[edit]
A full GSM (GSM-900 and GSM-1800) mobile phone network for Germany's four carriers is in place throughout the U-Bahn system of stations and tunnels. This system was in place by 1995 for the E-Plus network, and was one of the first metro systems in the world to allow mobile telephone use; by the late-1990s the other networks could be used in some portions as well. Since 2015, UMTS and LTE is also available for E-Plus and O2 (LTE since 2016) customers,[9] and since 2020 mobile reception in some underground sections has also been extended to Deutsche Telekom and Vodafone Germany customers, with complete reception for the latter two telcos expected to be realised by mid-2021.[10]
Many of the carriages on the U-Bahn feature small flat screen displays that feature news headlines from BZ, weekly weather forecasts, and ads for local businesses.
Most major interchange stations have large shopping concourses with banks, supermarkets, and fast food outlets.
Unused stations and tunnels
[edit]
There are several stations, platforms and tunnels that were built in preparation for future U-Bahn extensions, and others that have been abandoned following planning changes. For example, platforms have already been provided for the planned "U3" at Potsdamer Platz on the planned line to Weißensee. It is unlikely that this line, which had the working title "U3" will ever be built, so the platforms have been partially converted into a location for events and exhibitions. The line number "U3" has been used to re-number the branch to Krumme Lanke, which had been part of "U1".
Line D, today's U8, was intended to run directly under Dresdner Straße via Oranienplatz to Kottbusser Tor. This segment of tunnel was abandoned in favour of a slightly less direct route in order to provide the former Wertheim department store at Moritzplatz with a direct connection. This involved the construction of a 90-degree curve of the line between Moritzplatz and Kottbusser Tor stations. The construction of the tunnel under Dresdner Straße had only been partially completed before abandonment, leaving it with only one track. This tunnel is separated into three parts, as it was blocked by a concrete wall where it crossed the border between East and West Berlin. Another concrete wall separates this tunnel, which now houses a transformer for an electricity supplier, from the never-completed Oranienplatz Station which is located partially under the square of the same name.
Stralauer Tor was a station on the eastern bank of the Spree between Warschauer Straße and Schlesisches Tor stations. It was completely destroyed in World War II. It had been opened in 1902 and was renamed Osthafen in 1924. Today, only struts on the viaduct remain to indicate its location. In the post-Second World War period it was not thought necessary to rebuild the station, due its close proximity to the Warschauer Straße station. Also its location was directly on the border between the Soviet and American sectors. Although a Berlin map dated 1946 shows the station renamed as Bersarinstraße after the Soviet General responsible for restoring civil administration of the city, this name was used later at another location.
Nürnberger Platz station was closed on 1 July 1959. It was replaced by two new stations on either side, Augsburger Straße and an interchange station to the U9 at Spichernstraße. Today, nothing remains of the station as a third track siding was constructed in its place.
Another tunnel, which once connected the U4 to its original depot and workshop at Otzenstraße (Schöneberg), is still in existence. The connection from Innsbrucker Platz station to the depot was severed when a deep level motorway underpass was constructed in the early 1970s; however, the continuation of the tunnel at Eisackstraße is still in existence for a distance of 270 metres and now ends at the former junction to the workshop of the Schöneberg line.
Platforms at five stations, Rathaus Steglitz, Schloßstraße, Walther-Schreiber-Platz, Innsbrucker Platz, and Kleistpark, were provided for the planned but never constructed U10. The U10 platform at Kleistpark has been converted into office space for the BVG. At Schloßstraße, U9 and U10 were planned to share two directional platforms at different levels; the would-be U10 tracks have been abandoned, leaving both platforms used by U9 trains only. The other U10 platforms remain unused and are not generally open to the public.
During the construction of Adenauerplatz (U7) station, which was built in conjunction with an underpass, platforms were also provided for a planned U1 extension from Uhlandstraße to Theodor-Heuss-Platz. A short tunnel section was also constructed in front of the Internationales Congress Centrum (ICC), beneath the Messedamm/Neue Kantstraße junction. This tunnel was built concurrently with a pedestrian subway and was also intended for the planned extension of the U1. The tunnel section, approximately 60 metres (196 ft 10 in) long, ends at the location of the planned Messe station adjacent to Berlins central bus station (ZOB). The tunnel is used as a storage area for theater props.
At Jungfernheide station, double U-Bahn platforms similar to those at Schloßstraße were built for the planned extension of the U5. The unused platform sides are fenced off. The finished (U5) tunnel section which leads off towards Tegel airport is now used for firefighting exercises.
On 4 December 2020, the U5 extension between Alexanderplatz and Brandenburger Tor was opened. This included the new Unter den Linden station, which acts as a transfer point between the lines U5 and U6. Französische Straße station on the U6 was simultaneously closed due to its short distance to the new station.
Future development
[edit]
Berlin's chronic financial problems make any expansion not mandated by the Hauptstadtvertrag—the document that regulates the necessary changes to the city as the capital of Germany—unlikely. Furthermore, there is still great rivalry for construction money between the U-Bahn and the S-Bahn. After the construction boom that followed the reunification of the city, enthusiasm for further growth has cooled off; many people feel that Berlin's needs are adequately met by the present U- and S-Bahn. As of 2020, the only proposals receiving serious consideration aim to facilitate travel around the existing system, such as moving Warschauer Straße's U-Bahn station closer to its S-Bahn station.
There are several long-term plans for the U-Bahn that have no estimated time of completion, most of which involve closing short gaps between stations, enabling them to connect to other lines. This would depend on demand, and new developments in the vicinity. New construction of U-Bahn lines is frequently the subject of political discussion with the Berlin chapters of the CDU, FDP and AfD who usually advocate in favor of U-Bahn expansion while the SPD, Alliance 90/The Greens and The Left typically advocate for tram construction instead.
After the last extension of U5 opened on 4 December 2020, there are no immediate plans to expand the metro system due to lack of budgetary conditions, although there are several extensions of railway lines that can be discussed over time:
Line Stretch Projects U0 Ringlinie U0 was announced in March 2023 as per "Express Metropolis Berlin" (BVG 2050). The route will likely go along: Pankow - Antonplatz - Lichtenberg - Tierpark - Schöneweide - Alt-Mariendorf - Rathaus Steglitz - Breitenbachplatz - Westkreuz - Kaiserdamm - Jungfernheide - Hakenfelde - Urban Tech Republic - Kurt-Schumacher-Platz - Residenzstraße - Wollankstraße - Pankow. Heerstraße – Karow-Ost The segment between Uhlandstraße and Wittenbergplatz might be extended to Westkreuz, Theodor-Heuss-Platz, Gatower Straße before going to Heerstraße. There's a discussion, whether the U1 should be extended towards the Berlin Ostkreuz station, the most important and frequented S-Bahn station in all of Berlin. The line may also be extended to Frankfurter Tor, before connecting to Antonplatz, Weißensee and goes all the way to Karow-Ost. Rosenthaler Weg – Stadtrandstraße Following the extension of the U2 to Pankow in 2000, there are plans to continue on to Ossietzkyplatz and Rosenthaler Weg. CDU plans has been extended to Rosenthaler Weg. In the west, an extension is planned from Ruhleben to the U7 terminus, Rathaus Spandau with five more stations to Stadtrandstraße and Falkenhagener Field. Only the extension to Rosenthaler Weg is approved in the financial scenario 2030 of the Berlin Senate and has a real chance to be realized. Düppel-Kleinmachnow – Falkenberg For the southern extension it will take place within two phases. The first phase will be completed by 2026 and it will extend the U3 towards the Berlin Mexikoplatz station which is shorter part and is 700m. In December 2022, the State of Berlin has advertised feasibility study. A central platform west of Mexikoplatz, is planned with three-track parking and turning system connected to the platform. There are plans to integrate the transition between the two modes of transport into S-Bahn infrastructure. The second phase, although it will only happen in the far future, will be to extend the U3 to Bahnhof Düppel, Düppel-Kleinmachnow and Machnower Schleuse. There are also discussions on the U3 extension after Wittenbergplatz, to go through Potsdamer Platz and Alexanderplatz, before connecting with the S-Bahn at Greifswalder Straße, terminating for short Weißensee before going to Karow-Ost and Falkenberg. This line will be operated by driverless trains in the far future. Glambecker Ring – Appenzeller Straße In March 2023, there were plans to extend the line - to meet U11 at Hauptbahnhof via Magdeburger Straße, Tiergarten and goes straight to Hauptbahnhof, and proceeding to Glambecker Ring. The U4 will then continue alongside the failed U10 routing (previously was removed from the Berlin transport master plan and land use plans), to Lichterfelde and Appenzeller Straße via Drakestraße. Hönow – Rathaus Reinickendorf A plan to extend the line further westward from Berlin Hauptbahnhof to Tegel Airport, via Turmstraße and Jungfernheide, postponed in the long term due to budgetary constraint and closure of the airport, was later shelved in favor of a tram line alternative. In March 2023, plans to revive the line extension went forward. Alt-Tegel – Nahariyastraße After the closure of Tegel Airport, the U6 will definitely have a branch from Kurt-Schumacher-Platz and continue to the west, to Tegel Airport. A feasibility study that it will work with either U65, or completely new line, "U75" from Rathaus Reinickendorf to Jungfernheide being studied in 2020, taking over the former U5 westward extension. This was succeeded by "U0" in March 2023. Plans in March 2023 were to extend the line from Alt-Mariendorf to Nahariyastraße. Flughafen BER – Staaken It is planned to extend the U7 in the north-west to Staaken and Gatower Straße. Due to budgetary situation of the Berlin Senate, the extension is not expected before the year 2050.
There were discussions on U7's extension from Rudow to Berlin-Brandenburg Airport via Rudow-Süd for a very long time. These plans had already been shelved as the expected patronage was not deemed high enough to justify such an expansion.
Buckow-Süd – Märkisches Viertel In the north, an extension to the large housing estate named Märkisches Viertel is discussed. As this would only require a 1.2-kilometer extension, this would be a cheap means of expansion for the U8 past its current end point, Wittenau. However, there has been no concrete planning lately for this addition. Buckower Chaussee – Pankow-Heinersdorf Plans in March 2023 were to extend the line from Rathaus Steglitz to Lankwitz and Buckower Chaussee, and also extend the line from Osloer Straße, via Pankow-Kirche to Pankow-Heinersdorf. Falkenberg – Drakestraße U10 was in former 200-km plans since 1955. However, the route goes from Falkenberg, to Weißensee, then to Potsdamer Platz, followed by turning towards Innsbrucker Platz and Rathaus Stegliz, in order to go Drakestraße (Lichterfelde). Planning for the U10 was officially removed from the Berlin transport master plan in 2003 (Measures 2015), and it is no longer considered part of the public transport network master plan through at least 2030. Nevertheless, the line remains part of Berlin's Land-use plan since 1994, which means that new construction works along the planned route have to accommodate the eventuality of such a line.
Berlin Transport Minister Manja Schreiner (CDU) and Economy Minister Franziska Giffey (SPD) have underlined the local government's plans to extend the ends of each of the city's nine underground lines so that they reach the city's limits with the neighbouring state of Brandenburg.
"We must radically extend all the U-Bahn lines," Giffey told the Tagesspiegel newspaper. "We must offer Berliners a vision as to which routes we will tackle first," Schreiner added. Speaking to the dpa, Schreiner added that "Masterplan 2030" was crucial for many reasons: "More public transport means better climate protection, a better quality of life and more suitable mobility for everyone in the city."
Here's how the city plans to expand Berlin's nine existing underground lines - as well as building an additional two lines to serve travellers:
Ringlinie U0 - The outer Ringbahn This is perhaps the biggest part of the project and one that will impact the most people. While Berlin's current Ringbahn - a circular line which rides an hour-long stretch around the city, connects U-Bahn lines to each other about mid-way through their routes - the local government plans for the U0 Ringlinie to connect the ends of each U-Bahn line that sprawls to near the outskirts of the city.
Since this part of the expansion project is particularly ambitious, it may be many, many years before you can step onto a U0 Ringlinie train.
U1 - Spandau to Weißensee Currently, the U1 is simply a horizontal route which connects the east and west of central Berlin. Under the new plans, the U1 will reach Heerstraße in Spandau at one end and run through to Antonplatz in Weißensee at the other. With the plans, Antonplatz is set to become a new connection hotspot, where the U0 Ringlinie, the U1 and U3 will intersect.
U2 - Spandau to Pankow This line will be expanded again into Spandau and towards the northeast to Pankow. The final stop in the northeast will be Pankow Kirche in the Pankow Altstadt.
U3 - Zehlendorf / Kleinmachnow to Falkenberg This will be the only U-Bahn line that may even cross outside Berlin's borders with Brandenburg, reaching into Düppel-Kleinmachnow.
For now, though, the plans are just for the line to be extended to Mexikoplatz (S1), which reaches the border of Schlachtensee. If the funding is secured, the expected five-year-long construction process should begin swiftly and the U3 could reach Mexikoplatz by 2030.
U4 - Lichterfelde to Marzahn This line will connect two very different parts of Berlin in what will be the biggest line extension of the project by far. At the moment the U4 is Berlin's baby U-Bahn line; the yellow one that stretches a modest four stops between Innsbrucker Platz and Nollendorfplatz without leaving the central southwest of the city.
Under the new plans, the line will be hugely extended at both ends, ultimately connecting Lichterfelde to Marzahn.
U5 - Charlottenburg to Hönow Only recently was the U5 extended from Alexanderplatz to Hauptbahnhof and the line is already set for another development, but one not quite as ambitious as the U4 development.
Since the U5 already reaches quite far on its eastern side, to Hönow, it will only be extended in the west and even then only to Jungfernheide, the Ringbahn station that lies in northern Charlottenburg.
U6 - Tegel to Lichtenrade As with the U5, the U6 will only be extended at one end of the line, in the south of the city. The new line will continue to run from Alt-Tegel, but instead of ending its journey at Alt-Mariendorf, will continue on to Naharlystraße in Lichtenrade.
U7 - Spandau to BER Airport Already one of the city's longer U-Bahn routes, the U7 will be extended from Rathaus Spandau in the west, adding a new stop so it comes to meet the new U1 line at its terminal. In the southeast, the train will basically replace the current X7 bus route, which runs from Rudow to BER Airport.
U8 - Reinickendorf to Buckow One of Berlin's most infamous lines, shamelessly voted to have the highest number of "disgusting" stations, the northern part of U8 will be expanded from Wittenau to reach the Märkisches Viertel in Reinickendorf. In the south, it will extend from Hermannstraße to Buckow-Süd.
U9 - Pankow to Buckow Another of Berlin's most important north-south lines, the U9 will see considerable expansion at both ends. In the north the orange line will extend out from Wedding into Pankow and, in the south, the line will go quite far south of Steglitz to reach Buckower Chausee, south of Tempelhof-Schöneberg.
U10 - Alexanderplatz to Weißensee And a new addition! The highly-awaited U10 should run from Alexanderplatz to Weißensee. Portions of the U10 have remained under the city's streets since the plans for the line were scrapped in the 1970s, earning it the name Phantomlinie (Phantom line). And when the U5 line was extended to Hauptbahnhof in 2020 an extra platform was built at U-Bahnhof Rotes Rathaus with the future U10 in mind.
New U-Bahn stops to expect on the U10 line are; Am Friedrichshain, Marienburger Straße, Danziger Straße, Greifswalder Straße, Gürtelstraße and Falkenberger Straße - but don't get too excited, the funds are yet to be secured for this one.
Rolling stock
[edit]
The Berlin U-Bahn uses 750-volt DC electric trains that run on standard gauge (1,435 mm ( 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) ) tracks. The first trains were based on trams; they have a width of 2.30 m (7 ft 6+9⁄16 in), and take their power from an upward facing third rail. To accommodate greater passenger numbers without lengthening the trains—which would require costly extended platforms—trains that ran on lines built after World War I were required to be wider. The original trains and lines, which continued to operate, were designated Kleinprofil (small profile), and the newer, wider trains and lines were designated Großprofil (large profile). Großprofil trains are 2.65 m (8 ft 8+5⁄16 in) wide, and take their power from a downward facing third rail. This is similar to New York City's A Division and B Division systems, where the B Division trains are wider than A Division trains (though B Division trains are also longer, while Großprofil trains are generally about the same length as Kleinprofil ones).
Although the two profiles are generally incompatible, Kleinprofil trains have been modified to run on Großprofil lines during three periods of economic difficulty. Between 1923 and 1927 on the Nord-Süd-Bahn, and between 1961 and 1978 on the E line, adapted Kleinprofil trains were used to compensate for the lack of new Großprofil trains: they were widened with wooden boards to reach the platforms; and had their power pickups adapted to accept power from the negatively charged downward-facing third rail, instead of positively charged upward-facing third rail. As of 2017, Class IK Kleinprofil trains are in operation on the Großprofil line U5, after refurbishing the existing F79 rolling stock was deemed unfeasible. They were widened with metal boards by 17.5 cm (6.9 in) on each side and elevated by 7.5 cm (3.0 in) to close the gap to the platforms; their power pickups were designed reversible to work on both profiles. As of October 2019, IK rolling stock is still used on the U5; it is intended to move the trains to Kleinprofil lines once new Großprofil rolling stock has been delivered.
As of 2007, Kleinprofil trains run on the U1, U2, U3, U4 and U5 lines; and Großprofil trains operate on the U5, U55, U6, U7, U8, and U9 routes.
Kleinprofil (small profile)
[edit]
Kleinprofil trains are 2.30 m (7 ft 6+9⁄16 in) wide, and 3.10 m (10 ft 2+1⁄16 in) high. When the U-Bahn opened in 1902, forty-two multiple units, and twenty-one railroad cars, with a top speed of 50 km/h (31.1 mph), had been built at the Warschauer Brücke workshop. In contrast to the earlier test vehicles, seating was placed along the walls, facing inward, which was considered more comfortable. Until 1927, U-Bahn trains had smoking compartments and third-class carriages. The trains were first updated in 1928; A-II carriages were distinguished by only having three windows, and two sliding doors.
After the division of the city, West Berlin upgraded its U-Bahn trains more rapidly than did East Berlin. The A3 type, introduced in 1960, was modelled on the Großprofil D type, and received regular modifications every few years. Meanwhile, A-I and A-II trains operated exclusively in East Berlin until 1975, when G-I trains, which had a top speed of 70 km/h (43.5 mph), started to travel the Thälmannplatz–Pankow route. These were superseded in 1988 by the G-I/1 type, which used couplings that were incompatible with the older G-I carriages.
Following reunification, the A3L type was again upgraded as the A3L92. In 2000, prototypes for a Kleinprofil variant of the H series were built; the HK, the first Kleinprofil type to use AC induction motors like their large counterparts, differs from its Großprofil counterpart by not being fully interconnected—carriages are only interconnected within each of the two half-trains.
As of 2005, only trains of the HK, G-I/1 and A3(U/L) types are in active service.
From 2017, new IK-type trains will enter service to replace the remaining examples of type A3L71. Like HK-type trains they will be interconnected and as a result of their regenerative braking will recuperate up to 20% of the energy they require.[11]
Kleinprofil train types 1901–1945 West Berlin 1945–1990 East Berlin 1945–1990 1990— 1901–1904 A-I 1960–1961 A3-60 1974 G 1993–1995 A3L92 1906–1913 1964 A3-64 1978–1983 G-I 2005–2006 HK 1924–1926 1966 A3-66 1983 G-II 2014 IK15 1928–1929 A-II 1966 A3L66 1986–1989 G-I/1 2018–2019 IK18 1967–1968 A3L67 1972–1973 A3L71 1982–1983 A3L82
Großprofil (large profile)
[edit]
Großprofil trains are 2.65 m (8 ft 8+5⁄16 in) wide, and 3.40 m (11 ft 1+7⁄8 in) high. The first sixteen multiple units and eight ordinary carriages entered active service on the Nord-Süd-Bahn in 1924, after a year of using modified Kleinprofil trains. Designated B-I, the cars were 13.15 m (43 ft 1+11⁄16 in) long and each had three sliding doors; the large elliptical windows at the front of the train earned them the nickname, Tunneleulen (tunnel owls). Upgraded B-II trains were introduced in 1927, and continued to be used until 1969. The first 18-metre-long (59 ft 11⁄16 in) C-I trains were trialled in 1926, and two upgrades were produced before the end of the decade. The first U-Bahn trains to use aluminium in their construction, the C-IV types, were introduced in 1930. Many C-type trains were seized by Soviet forces in 1945, to be used in the Moscow Metro.
The first D-type trains, manufactured in 1957, were built from steel, making them very heavy and less efficient; however, the DL type that followed from 1965 used metals that were less dense, allowing a 26% reduction in weight. In East Berlin, D-type trains bought from the BVG were designated D-I. Difficulties there in trying to develop an E series of trains led, in 1962, to the conversion of S-Bahn type 168 trains for use on the E line. These E-III trains were desperately needed at the time to allow modified Kleinprofil trains to return to the increasingly busy A line but, following reunification, high running costs led to their retirement in 1994.
In West Berlin, the successor to the D-type was the F-type, which debuted in 1973. They varied from other models in having seats that were perpendicular to the sides of the train; from 1980, they also became the first U-Bahn trains to use three-phase electricity. In 1995, the original seating arrangement returned as the H series took up service. H-type trains are characterised by the interconnection of carriages throughout the length of the train; and they can only be removed from the tracks at main service depots.
As of 2005, only F, H, and a variation of the IK-type trains are in active service.
Großprofil train types 1901–1945 West Berlin 1945–1990 East Berlin 1945–1990 1990— 1923–1927 A-IK 1955–1965 D 1956–1957 E-I 1990–1991 F90 1945–1968 1965–1966 DL65 1962–1990 E-III 1992–1993 F92 1924–1928 B-I 1968–1970 DL68 1994–1995 H95 1926–1927 C-I 1970–1973 DL70 1997–1999 H97 1927–1929 B-II 1973–1975 F74 2000–2002 H01 1929 C-II 1976–1978 F76 2017 IK17 1930 C-III 1979–1981 F79 2020 IK20 1930–1931 C-IV 1984–1985 F84 1987–1988 F87
Depots
[edit]
Depots of the Berlin U-Bahn fall into one of two classes: main workshops (German: Hauptwerkstätten, abbreviated as Hw); and service workshops (German: Betriebswerkstätten, abbreviated Bw). The main workshops are the only places where trains can be lifted from the tracks; they are used for the full inspections required every few years, and for any major work on trains. The service workshops only handle minor repairs and maintenance, such as replacing windows, or removing graffiti.
As of 2005, the only dedicated Kleinprofil depot is at Grunewald (Hw Gru/Bw Gru), which opened on 21 January 1913. The first Großprofil depot opened at Seestraße (Hw See/Bw See) in 1923, to service the Nord-Süd-Bahn. It has 17 tracks—2 for the main workshop, and 15 for the service workshop—but its inner-city location prevents any further expansion. Due to BVG budget cuts, the Seestraße depot also services Kleinprofil trains. Two further Großprofil service workshops are located at Friedrichsfelde (Bw Fri), and Britz-Süd (Bw Britz).
In the past, there were other workshops. The first opened in 1901 at Warschauer Brücke, and was the construction site for most of the early U-Bahn trains. The division of the U-Bahn network on 13 August 1961 forced its closure, although it was reopened in 1995 as a storage depot. A small depot operated at Krumme Lanke between 22 December 1929 and 1 May 1968; and, while the network was split, East Berlin's U-Bahn used the S-Bahn depot at Schöneweide, along with a small service workshop at Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz, which was closed following reunification.
Accidents
[edit]
The Berlin U-Bahn ranks among the safest modes of transport: its history features few accidents.[citation needed]
The most severe accident occurred at the original Gleisdreieck (rail triangle), where the main and branch lines were connected by switches that allowed the tracks to cross. On 26 September 1908, a train driver missed a stop signal. As a result, two trains collided at the junction, and one fell off the viaduct. The accident killed eighteen people, and severely injured another twenty-one. Gleisdreieck's triangular layout had already been deemed unsuitable for future developments; this incident—and a later, less-serious one—triggered its reconstruction as a multi-level station, starting in 1912.[citation needed]
On 30 June 1965, a train with brake failure stopped on the G line—today's U9—between Zoologischer Garten and Hansaplatz. Unaware of the faulty train, a mechanic working at the Zoologischer Garten signal tower noticed that the signal for the affected section had been set to "Stop" for a long time. Thinking it was a fault of his, after several attempts he manually overrode the signal, in defiance of regulations that strictly prohibited such actions. The following train, which had been waiting at Zoologischer Garten, then left the station on the same track. With emergency brakes unable to prevent the accident, the two trains collided. One passenger was killed in the crash, and 97 were injured. The mechanic was fined 600,000 DM.[citation needed]
Fires can be particularly dangerous and damaging within an underground system. In October 1972, two trains and a 200 m (656 ft 2 in) length of tunnel were completely destroyed when the trains caught fire; the reconstructed tunnel is clearly distinguishable from the old one. Another train burned out in the connecting tunnel between Klosterstraße and Alexanderplatz in 1987. On 8 July 2000, the last car of a GI/I train suffered a short circuit, burning out at the rear of the Deutsche Oper station. The single exit of the station was unreachable, forcing the passengers to run through the tunnel to reach the next emergency exit. The fire also damaged the station, which remained closed until that September.[citation needed] The Portuguese Ambassador, João Diogo Nunes Barata, presented the BVG with azulejos (tiled paintings), specially designed for the station, by the artist José de Guimarães.[12] Installation of Portugal's gift to the city was completed on 30 October 2002.
As a consequence of the Deutsche Oper incident, BVG decided to post an employee at every station with only one exit until a second exit could be built. Over the following few years, many of those stations—including Britz-Süd, Schillingstraße, Viktoria-Luise-Platz, Uhlandstraße, and Theodor-Heuss-Platz—were retrofitted with additional exits. By June 2008, the only remaining stations with no second exit, Konstanzer Straße and Rudow, had been fitted with second exits.[13] Despite these changes, several passenger organisations—such as Pro Bahn, and IGEB—demand that stations with exits in the middle of the platform also be fitted with additional emergency exits. Many stations are built this way; meeting those demands would place a heavy financial burden on both the BVG and the city.[citation needed]
The U6 saw a particularly costly, though casualty-free, incident on 25 March 2003. Scheduled repair work on the line limited the normal service to between Alt-Mariendorf and Kurt-Schumacher-Platz; one train then shuttled back and forth between Kurt-Schumacher-Platz and Holzhauser Straße, sharing a platform at Kurt-Schumacher-Platz with the normal-service trains departing for their return journey to Alt-Mariendorf. Needing to pass several stop signals on the shuttle service, the driver had been given special instructions how to proceed. Unfortunately, he ignored the signal at the entry to Kurt-Schumacher-Platz, and ploughed into the side of a train heading back to Alt-Mariendorf. The impact wrecked both trains, and caused considerable damage to the tracks. Normal service did not resume for two days, and the removal of the two wrecked trains—which, surprisingly, could still roll along the tracks—also took nearly 48 hours.[citation needed]
Films, music and merchandising
[edit]
The Berlin U-Bahn has appeared in numerous films and music videos. Offering access to stations, tunnels, and trains, the BVG cooperates with film-makers, although a permit is required.[14]
Whether set in Berlin or elsewhere, the U-Bahn has had at least a minor role in a large number of movies and television programmes, including Emil and the Detectives (2001), Otto – Der Film (1985), Bang! You're Dead! [de] (1987) featuring Ingolf Lück, Run Lola Run (1998), and several Tatort episodes. The previously unused Reichstag station was used to shoot scenes of the movies Resident Evil and Equilibrium. The U-Bahn station Messe was used as coverage in the films Hanna and The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2.[citation needed]
Möbius 17, by Frank Esher Lämmer and Jo Preussler from Berlin, tells the story of an U-Bahn train that, caught in a Möbius strip, travels through alternate universes after a new line is built.
Alexanderplatz station plays an essential role in Berlin Alexanderplatz—a film of thirteen hour-long chapters and one epilogue—produced in 1980 by Rainer Werner Fassbinder, based on the book by Döblin. The film's scenes feature a recreation of the station as it was in 1928—rather darker and dirtier than in the 21st century. In the surrealistic two-hour epilogue, Fassbinder transforms parts of the station into a slaughterhouse where people are killed and dissected.
Since 2001, the Berlin U-Bahn has hosted the annual short-film festival Going Underground. Short films (up to 90 seconds long) are shown on the monitors found in many of the U-Bahn trains.[15] Passengers on board vote for the festival winner.
Sandy Mölling, former singer of the pop band No Angels, shot the video for her single "Unnatural Blonde" in the U-Bahn station Deutsche Oper. Kate Ryan, Overground, Böhse Onkelz, Xavier Naidoo, Die Fantastischen Vier, and the DJ duo Blank & Jones have all used the U-Bahn and its stations for their videos as well.
"Linie 1", a musical performed by Berlin's Grips-Theater, is set completely in stations and trains of the Berlin U-Bahn; a movie version has also been produced.
In 2002, the BVG cooperated with design students in a project to create underwear with an U-Bahn theme, which, in English, they named "Underwear". They used the names of real stations that, in the context of underwear, appeared to be mild sexual double entendres: men's underpants bore labels with Rohrdamm (pipe dam), Onkel Toms Hütte (Uncle Tom's Cabin), and Krumme Lanke (crooked lake); the women's had Gleisdreieck (triangle track), and Jungfernheide (virgin heath). After the first series sold out quickly, several others were commissioned, such as Nothammer (emergency hammer), and Pendelverkehr (shuttle service; though Verkehr also means "intercourse" and Pendel also means "pendulum"). They were withdrawn from sale in 2004.
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]
Bibliography
[edit]
Brian Hardy: The Berlin U-Bahn, Capital Transport, 1996, ISBN 1-85414-184-8
Ulf Buschmann: U-Bahnhöfe Berlin. Berlin Underground Stations. Berlin Story Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-86368-027-5
Jan Gympel: U-Bahn Berlin – Reiseführer. GVE-Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-89218-072-5
AG Berliner U-Bahn: Zur Eröffnung der elektrischen Hoch-und Untergrundbahn in Berlin. GVE-Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-89218-077-6
Jürgen Meyer-Kronthaler und Klaus Kurpjuweit: Berliner U-Bahn – In Fahrt seit Hundert Jahren. be.bra Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-930863-99-5
Petra Domke und Markus Hoeft: Tunnel Gräben Viadukte – 100 Jahre Baugeschichte der Berliner U-Bahn. kulturbild Verlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-933300-00-2
Ulrich Lemke und Uwe Poppel: Berliner U-Bahn. alba Verlag, Düsseldorf, ISBN 3-87094-346-7
Robert Schwandl: Berlin U-Bahn Album. Alle 192 Untergrund- und Hochbahnhöfe in Farbe. Robert Schwandl Verlag, Berlin Juli 2002, ISBN 3-936573-01-8
Jürgen Meyer-Kronthaler: Berlins U-Bahnhöfe – Die ersten hundert Jahre. be.bra Verlag, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-930863-16-2
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Visiting Berlin by car? Wondering where to park your car? If you travel to Berlin by car, you probably sooner or later ask yourself "Where can I park my car? And how much does it cost?". On this page I'll try to give some answers to these questions. First things…
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Visiting Berlin by car? Wondering where to park your car?
If you travel to Berlin by car, you probably sooner or later ask yourself “Where can I park my car? And how much does it cost?”. On this page I’ll try to give some answers to these questions.
First things first: there are actually still many free parking spots, or actually rather free parking areas available in Berlin. In most of the outer city districts you can just park your can in the street and don’t have to pay. But on the other hand this also means that in almost all of Berlin’s inner city districts you will have to pay to park your car. On this page you’ll find some basic information about how and where you can park your car in Berlin, how much it might cost you. Where to park your car for free – and how and where you better don’t park your car at all.
Free Parking in Berlin
If you look at a Berlin map, actually only a relatively small area of the city, the inner city area is not free to park. So if you are looking for a long term parking spot, probably the cheapest (actually free) and easiest option would be to park your car in one of those cost free areas. So first you should get done what you need to get done. Drop those suitcases or the extensive grocery shopping at your apartment – and then leave your car in one of the free parking areas – outside the area, where parking is not free. Trust me – it’s worth to take the extra ride and park outside of the ‘Parkraumbewirtschaftungszone‘.
And the good news is: you probably don’t have to look far for a free parking spot. There should be almost always be some area nearby where you don’t have to pay any parking fee at all. Then you just take the public transport or a taxi back to your place. Often you don’t even need to take neither public transport nor taxi since chances are that the distance would not be too great – so you can also just walk back to your place and maybe discover some of your neighborhood streets on your way.
The Berlin Parking Map Tool
The City of Berlin has released a map tool, pointing out where you would have to pay to park your car – and how much is charged by the hour. It also points out, where you don’t have to pay anything. Depending on the borough, area, or even street the fees go from 1 Euro per hour to 3 Euros per hour. Alternatively you can check this Google Map where basically the same information is provided – probably much easier to navigate.
How to use the Parking Map Tool?
The map tool may first appear to be a bit complicated. The user interface is not really intuitive – but actually the map tool is a very complex application and you could also look for all kind of Berlin related data like unemployment rates and the like. If you just want to see where you’d have to pay, and where the free parking zones are located, all you have to do is enter an address and then navigate the map.
Below are some screenshot. First enter the street (‘Straßenname’), the street number (‘Haus-Nr.’) and the postal code (‘Postleitzahl’) into the fields on the right side of the tool. Then hit enter (‘Weiter’).
On the following screen you’ll see the address you just entered. In the zones marked yellow you’ll have to purchase a parking ticket. The blank areas are free of charge.
Here is the tool:
Map of Berlin parking zones at Geoportal Berlin: overview with search function
You can also find further information in German about parking in various different Berlin boroughs if you follow the links below:
Parking in Mitte / Tiergarten (berlin.de)
Parking in Friedrichshain / Kreuzberg (berlin.de)
Parking in Prenzlauer Berg / Pankow (berlin.de)
Parking in Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf (berlin.de)
It might be worth checking these maps before you actually park your car over a couple of days. Why pay, when you can park for free just a couple streets or blocks away?
Parking garages
They may be a bit hidden, but of course there are also parking garages available in Berlin. Some are underground garages like the one at Alexanderplatz, near Park Inn Hotel – or the one underneath Kulturbrauerei in Prenzlauer Berg. At Alexanderplatz full-day-tickets are available for 24,- Euro (per 24h, as of May 2023). Here is an interactive map of public parking garages in Berlin: viz.berlin.de/verkehr-in-berlin/parken/
Parking your car at a Hotel
Some Berlin Hotels offer reserved parking areas for theirs guests. So if you are planning to stay at a hotel, chances are that there may be an additional option available. And even if you are not staying at a hotel yourself, it may still be worth asking at a hotel near where you are stying if they have parking lots available. Some hotels may actually welcome you and your car or motorcycle, even if you are not their guest otherwise, because for them a rented parking lot is of course better than an empty parking lot.
Berlin Resident parking permits
For Berlin residents there are long term tickets available. If you are actually moving to Berlin you should check this option. A residential parking permit is valid for up to 2 years and will cost you some 20,40 Euros (as of December 2015).
If you or a friend / family of yours is not a resident, but visiting Berlin temporarily – and you need a parking permit for a couple of weeks, then a so called “Gästevignette” (guest vignette) could be useful. These temporary parking permits can be ordered by any local Berliner that is officially residing in Berlin, meaning that she/he is officially registered at the same address, as you need the guest vignette for. So if you are only visiting for a couple of days or weeks, you will actually have to ask a local resident (for example your host, your flatmate) to buy a “Gästevignette” for you.
The official prerequisites under which a temporary guest vignette is granted are:
The Applicant is registered in Berlin – in the parking area he/she applies for
The Visitor is not registered in Berlin.
I should perhaps emphasize at this point that since March 2021 such guest vignettes are only issued to visitors who really demonstrably need them. So a proof of special urgency is needed. This can be an ID card for severely disabled persons, a medical certificate or a so-called EU parking permit. Please check with your host – details on this are available on the website of the City of Berlin on this page (German only).
As of May 2023 prices for such a temporary long term guest vignettes are as follows:
up to 3 days 10,20 Euro
up to 1 week: 13,- Euro
up to 2 weeks: 15,- Euro
up to 3 weeks: 20,- Euro
up to 4 weeks: 25,- Euro
It can take several days or even weeks until the Host / Applicant actually receives the guest vignette. You can find further information about guest vignettes as well as the relevant form from the official Berlin website here:
Pankow / Prenzlauer Berg
Mitte / Tiergarten
Overview (Links to other information pages and PDFs)
“Parken verboten!” – where not to park your car
There some spots and areas where you should definitely NOT park your car, unless you want to have it towed away. Parking in a driveway for example may sound tempting, but it’s not a good idea – even though driveways often look like free parking spots. Some driveways may however be not in operation and it’s totally ok to park there.
But if you happen to see the slightest sign (literally) which indicates that it’s not ok to park here, then it’s probably not ok to park here. So you better do not park your car…
in front of a sign saying “Parken Verboten” or “Einfahrt freihalten” or “Durchfahrt freihalten” or anything with “freihalten” – this just means that this driveway or spot should be kept ‘free’ and it is generally forbidden to park here – for whatever reason.
in front of a sign saying “Feuerwehrzufahrt” – this means parking here would block a route used by fire fighter in case of an emergency.
on a handicapped parking / disabled parking space, often marked with a symbol representing a wheel chair.
too close to a street crossing (not less than 3 meters)
too close to a driveway (you should not block the driveway)
on bicycle lanes.
on the sidewalk.
on green areas.
“Parken verboten!” vs. “Halten verboten!”
In Germany we distinguish between two different types of ‘parking a car’: shorter ‘stop’ “halten” may still be ok even in spots where parking “Parken” is forbidden. So who is who – what is what? Rule of thumb: if you happen to pack things in or off your car, could be also fellow travellers, then it’s ok to stop for about two minutes.
There are even street signs that indicate zones where you may stop for two minutes – the signs are called “Parkverbot” (parking forbidden) or sometimes “Ladezone” (loading zone). Often these spots are marked by a red circle, blue background, and just one red bar crossing the circle.
If instead the red circle is crossed by two red bars, forming an “X”, then it’s forbidden to either park or stop your car – even if it was only for a minute or two. Those signs – or actually those areas are called “Halteverbot” which indicates that it’s forbidden (“verbot”) to stop (“Halte”) the car in these places. On this page I will go a bit deeper into and will also try to explain, what the above parking sign means in details: How to read German Parking Signs
Berlin Public Parking Fees / Parking Ticket Vending machines
First of all: this is a great opportunity to learn another very german, but quite useless word: “Parkraumbewirtschaftung” – which means something like “economical cultivation of parking lots”. You will notice you are in an area where the parking space is economically cultivated by the armada of signs and ticket vending machines – and those little ‘bills’ stuck behind some cars’ windscreen wipers.
In these areas parking fees vary between 25 cents for 15 minutes (or 1 Euro per hour) up to 1 Euro for 15 minutes (or 4 Euros per hour. In some areas night time parking is free of charge, other areas are ‘harvested’ 24/7.
The ticket vending machines may look a bit complicated – so I put up a separate page that explains the basics of how to use a Berlin parking ticket vending machine.
Moving? Need to reserve a parking zone?
In case you are moving and you need to have some space for the truck in front of your door you can actually reserve a spot in the street. Usually you would have to ask for such a parking zone two weeks in advance – and there is some paper work to be done – and you would also have to borrow the signs from somewhere. But in most cases / for most people this would probably be a bit too complicated.
Instead you can also either ask the moving company – in case you are hiring one. Or you ask a service that can make that reservation and put up the parking signs for you. For a one day reservation for a loading area 20m wide you would probably have to pay something around 75,- to 100,- Euro.
Here’s a German article on the website of the city of Berlin, describing the alternatives: Stressfrei einen Umzug vorbereiten – Halteverbotszonen einrichten
And here are two companies that can arrange such a parking area reservation for you:
halteverbot123.de > Berlin
halteverbot.de > Prices > Berlin
…to be continued…
see also:
Berlin by Car
How to use a Berlin parking ticket vending machine.
How to read German Parking Signs
Berlin emission zone – the environmental badge
Map of Berlin parking zones – a map listing all Berlin parking zones together with their respective parking fees and parking hours (google map)
Got further questions about Car Parking in Berlin?
Please feel free to ask in the comments below – and I’ll try to answer…
Do you have and thoughts, suggestions, additional recommendations or comments? Please feel free to leave your comment below. Thank you!
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The Berlin-Brandenburg 2070 initiative offers the city, region, and state the opportunity to do this. The design principles outlined in this proposal represent a paradigm shift for a metropolitan region characterised by a distinct and highly revered DNA. However, the entire region suffers from unsustainable forms of development and lifestyles that require radical rethinking and redesigning.
To implement these radical ideas, new coalitions and collaborations are required. Different levels of national, state, and local governments must engage in a vision that breaks with established standards, boundaries, and jurisdictions. At the local level, residents must ensure that compromises are worthwhile before supporting the scale of the efforts and restructuring proposed by this ambitious yet feasible plan. The private sector must participate in the common civic agenda to ensure the long-term added value of its assets and investments.
New governance structures and partnerships are needed to execute the physical and design proposals that optimise the city’s existing DNA. Positive models for this already exist; for example, in London, where the Mayoral Development Corporation is helping to shape the legacy of the 2012 Olympic Games over the next 40 years in an effort to correct the enduring inequalities in the city. Across the Channel, the Reinventer Paris initiative has laid down an advanced environmental and social agenda that enables the city’s mayor to carry out projects on public land that prioritise urban quality over profit. This competition proposal combines ecological principles with creative urban-development concepts. The ecological principles and design concepts presented here will allow Berlin and Brandenburg to remain recognisable in their original qualities and characteristics and also to develop and strengthen these while taking into account climate change.
Four ecological principles define this proposal. Berlin and Brandenburg can better prepare for climate change by implementing the following ecological guidelines.
Reducing CO2 emissions and supporting a resource-friendly, regional circular economy
Limiting new construction sites to pre-exiting sealed areas or plots, minimising the amount of sealed land, and creating green spaces with numerous potential uses
Increasing population density from the current 4,000 to 5,000 inhabitants per square kilometre, improving road links between the towns outside Berlin, and improving transport systems within Brandenburg
Creating user-friendly transport opportunities in the region and towns by prioritising bicycle use, public transport systems, and environmentally friendly passenger vehicles
These guidelines result in five main design concepts, which define the implementation measures of this regional planning and urban development plan.
Promote a circular economy and CO2 reduction
The countryside and cities are integrated into energy, food, water, and recycling cycles. The raw materials for new buildings grow in Brandenburg’s forests. In an area stretching from the south of Bernau to the northwest of Berlin, a new forest is emerging; it will help reduce CO2 levels. This effort is boosted in the city centre by the creation of large parks with a high proportion of trees and biologically active rainwater-harvesting systems.
Control the amount of sealed land and green areas
All new construction occurs on pre-existing sealed sites, and the number of new sealings is to be severely limited in future. If possible, existing green spaces, including allotment gardens and cemeteries, are to be combined into larger, open public spaces to help reduce the heat build-up in the city centre and to promote the formation of local fresh-air corridors. Allotment gardens are to be converted into urban agricultural areas with combined work and residential use at their edges.
Lakes, rivers, and canals function as urban-planning elements
By exercising the public right of first refusal, private properties along lakes and rivers are acquired to ensure public access to the water and waterways and, if feasible, to carry out the appropriate restoration of these. This supports the increased absorption of torrential rain and improves the quality of life; canals should be redesigned or created so that they can also be used by vaporetti.
Promote densification and higher density
The principles of barrier-free access, a social and functional mix, and fairness will all dictate the design of both individual buildings and entire neighbourhoods, establishing strong local communities and reducing commuting. Different lifestyles will find their own spaces through the connection and overlay of living, working, and recreational activities in the immediate vicinity. In the region, new living and working space should primarily be integrated in densely populated city neighbourhoods and settlements. All housing estates are to be examined with regard to their potential for densification. This competition entry assumes that this area can accommodate an additional one million residents.
Expand ring roads and radials
The car-friendly city of the twentieth century is to be transformed into a human-friendly city of the twenty-first century. For this purpose, the typical Berlin ‘growth rings’ are further developed and updated on a larger scale: several new growth rings from the city centre via the outskirts to the surrounding communities strengthen individual identities, and distinctive radials with urban qualities promote higher structural density in the outlying areas.
Three new ring systems expand the inner city and structure the outskirts and country.
The first is Berlin’s ring road, which is transformed into the ‘Ring Boulevard’. The A100 becomes a high-density inner-city ring road with mixed-use buildings and public facilities. New high-rises serve as landmarks and provide orientation in the city. The new, ground-level, 39-kilometre-long Ring Boulevard and the main radial roads with their densely built up surroundings unite the city centre with the outskirts. The ring boulevard is between 60 and 80 metres wide, planted with four rows of trees, and furnished with kiosks, bars, and cafés. It is conceived as an urban lounge that accommodates both commercial and non-commercial activities. The ring not only symbolically prevails over the east-west divide, but also over the traditional distinction between the inner city and suburbia. It invites all residents in the region to rediscover the city at street-level and to see it as an attractive public space. Along the inner ring road and the radials, tall buildings can promote densification measures and accommodate a total of one million people.
The second ring is characterised by water and bicycle paths. In the south, the Teltow Canal between Köpenick and Potsdam is to be redeveloped as a 42-kilometre-long network of paths and a densification area; as a tangent, it is connected to the regional cycle-path network. In the north, a new canal forms the counterpart to the Teltow Canal, completing the second ring.
The third ring is the A10 motorway, which is commonly regarded as the outer edge of Berlin. Within this area, the development of Berlin is to take place according to inner-city criteria (floor-space index of at least 1.5); this would require contractual agreements for the designation of buildable land and the exchange of land between Berlin and Brandenburg.
The fourth ring is Berlin’s Ringbahn circular railway (inner ring). The significance of Berlin’s ring road for the city is equal to that of this circular railway for the region. Its four-track expansion is intended to accommodate the circulation of closely timed local and regional trains. This also applies to the S-Bahn: outside of the S-Bahn ring, four-track viaducts presently accommodate freight trains. We propose using these for local and express passenger trains too. The viaducts will replace the railway embankments, reproducing the character of the S-Bahn viaducts and increasing the cross-connections and development potential. The regional stretches of the radials, S-Bahn, and U-Bahn are to be extended to create ideal transfer points on the circular railway for commuters.
The fifth ring is the Brandenburg Railway. The large Brandenburg circular ring (Berlin’s outer ring) will be closed to strengthen the independence of the surrounding region and to improve the regional network.
Brandenburg and Berlin, Districts and Boroughs, Atelier Berlin-Brandenburg
The main protagonists are now on the border, and so the planning focus shifts from the the city centre to the outskirts. For the first time, the outskirts of Berlin and communities near Berlin, as well as Brandenburg districts, are the focus of settlement planning. Thus far, it has been the growth of land in Berlin and the growing influence of building regulations that have characterised such efforts; but current projects, such as the airport or the Berlin-Brandenburg Joint Regional Planning Department, are demonstrating a coordinated development that is being studied by both sides. This positive tendency should be further developed, as the great challenge of enlivening Berlin’s outskirts can only succeed if all ‘border residents’ are included in the process on a municipal level, where the symbiosis of urban and rural qualities is cultivated together.
2030: Up to 99 Mini IBAs (International Building Exhibitions)
Out of the (up to) 99 mini IBAs emerge 99 visionary and local ‘rulebooks’, which illustrate the legislative potential with which private neighbourhoods and natural islands can develop. Instead of repressive restrictions, concessions are made to a densifying city, a process which is controlled qualitatively by promoting diversity and visual qualities. The Berlin border area is to be deliberately ‘discovered’ and developed as a place of longing. The first step to this end is the exploration and understanding of the existing and the found. This applies to both to both pleasing natural elements and seemingly unattractive areas, such as estates of single-family homes. Nevertheless, up-to-date subjects must be purposefully formulated and implemented so the positive qualities of the outskirts are strengthened and supplemented: public spaces, sharing (also in terms of bundling), mobility, and landscape as well as micro-nature. With the help of the existing urban-planning rules, creative additions can be made based on local phenomena, thus creating exciting and characterful neighbourhoods, city districts, and green islands. The cooperation between these entities constitutes an urban model for the future.
Qualities: (A) Promoting, (B) Creating, (C) Retaining
Module A: Retrofitting Suburbia
Neighbourhoods along the axes of the star-shaped settlement structure are strengthened and revitalised. The focus of module A is on strategies for pre-existing residential areas, such as single-family housing developments along existing infrastructure axes, in particular areas near railways and other forms of public transport. A significant consolidation is proposed here to increase usage as well as to create diversity and new connections. The large number of interested parties and owners here already render classic planning strategies ineffective. Thus, the implementation of special construction rulebooks is proposed as a supplement. These are to be developed on a regional level, are preferably not restrictive, and allow an endorsed and controlled ‘extra’.
Module B: Urban Hubs
Between the city and the surrounding area, at the intersection of high-performance infrastructures, housing and productivity: New settlement areas should increasingly take advantage of local conditions and be developed according to local aspects. Both spatial and typological inventions are appropriate if they combine a sensible housing density with the rich natural areas and formulate a new city type. How can new settlement areas can be developed according to pre-existing spatial conditions and local particulars? It is less a question of tabula rasa in the area around the city and more about urban development that expands on what already exists and thoughtfully condenses urbanity and nature in unison. In Berlin’s tradition of a polycentric city and today’s examples of crystallisation points beyond the city centre (Adlershof, Tesla, BER, TXL Urban Tech Republic, etc.), dense sub-centres are developed at strategically practical locations. Well-connected to railway and road networks, and in interplay with attractive landscape situations that are preserved and perceptible both spatially and typologically, these small centres benefit from inventions that combine a sensible housing density with the rich natural spaces to formulate a new, contemporary type of urban agglomeration. A robust, flexible urban development model can be ensured through the implementation of site-specific parameters and guidelines, which are collaboratively developed in workshops, rather than by detailed development plans.
Module C: Landscape Parks
Large natural areas, controlled growth, preservation of nature in and around the city, landscape and leisure: Preservation-worthy natural spaces are designated and rendered perceptible through individual qualitative measures or are activated as productive natural landscapes.
An expansion of our legal understanding of the term ‘outside space’ allows for the preservation of ‘pure’ nature with experimental additions. Existing natural spaces are to be protected. In addition, individual qualitative measures should be considered: these would make such spaces local recreation areas and activate them as productive natural landscapes. Green spaces close to the city serve increasingly as productive natural spaces, open spaces, and recreational areas. At the same time, they are enormously important for the city’s climate, air circulation, and the preservation of/an increase in biodiversity. The newly created regional landscape parks supplement the green belt with important conservation zones and opportunities for experimental green spaces and local recreation areas for the future.
Urban Arcadia: Mobility
New connections as ring segments for a networked and polycentric outer city. The basic requirement for successful new neighbourhoods is a mix of typologies and of uses. In addition, reliable transport links to surrounding districts and areas, especially through public transport, is a decisive factor. As well as expanding existing arteries in the surrounding area, we are proposing a new railway link that would connect to existing railway lines and establish connections to other transport forms. In 2020, it is possible to offer new orbital connections on the outskirts of the city and between the existing ring lines (S-Bahn circular railway and Berliner Ring). Instead of a complete ring, there should be five key ring segments, for instance to and from the fast tram and ferry (Spree and Havel).
Urban Arcadia: Participation
Round Table 2.0/A website and app for coordinating and marking locations and plans. New players, new city! Nine Berlin districts and nine Brandenburg districts on the common state border represent a fresh start and a new understanding of urban growth. Instead of grouping (planning) competence centrally, the state border becomes a cooperation area that welcomes experimental housing concepts and creative city models and closely aligns these with the wishes and needs of the area’s residents. The smaller IBAs, summarised in one comprehensive exhibition, promote the necessary scrutiny of urban planners and architects via discussions with residents, focusing on important issues around this intermediate urban space. Emerging projects can examine current developments and generic suburban areas across Berlin’s borders and promote ideas and visions for new and exciting spaces and city blocks.
2070 – Urban Arcadia Berlin
Berlin has the unique opportunity to develop its border area by creating a compact band of natural spaces, new housing, and improving areas of single-family homes. Over the last century, Berlin has experienced vast growth and strange phases of little or even negative growth. This both created and left a variety of special features that are still present on the city’s outskirts and which we are now to preserve and develop. Yet, in today’s urban discourse these areas are often ignored. We suggest reversing this trend and focusing our attention on this border area.
Residents on both sides of the border between Berlin and Brandenburg will become the new players who help determine the future of the metropolitan region. Berlin’s border area is to be deliberately ‘discovered’ and developed as a place of longing. The first step to this end is the exploration and understanding of the existing and the found. Furthermore, current issues and ideas must be purposefully formulated and implemented to strengthen and supplement, step by step, the outskirts’ qualities. The border area of Berlin is to be celebrated as a sequence of exciting identities and discovered as a space with great potential. The multitude of contributions and test areas will pose common questions. How does the Berlin metropolitan region wish and how is it able to grow here? Which qualities should be protected and strengthened? Should the outskirts function differently from the inner city, and, if so, which urban form is appropriate? And how will we live in new neighbourhoods that consist of both city and nature?
Our answer: definitely something different from the mission statement of the 1910 competition. These images refer to the attitude to life in Berlin and Brandenburg and build and expand on it. They give a positive boost to this region’s best attributes. Therefore, our proposal dispenses with detailed plans and replaces these with six strategic narratives that combine to form a grand scheme.
Model
The ‘star-shaped settlement model’ is Berlin’s current urban development plan. Yet, its structure does not do justice to the nature of the agglomeration area. Berlin was never a monocentric city. The surrounding area itself has proper centralities, to which one cannot do justice with the singular star template. We therefore propose the World Island of Berlin-Brandenburg as a new model. The original term coined by Alexander von Humboldt is no longer compatible with polycentric Berlin and the state of Brandenburg, which surrounds it. However, the concept is nonetheless deeply rooted in the region. The World Island is dynamic and makes room for new, even unforeseeable, centralities while strengthening existing centres. The World Island knows mass and emptiness, habitats, constellations, star dust, gravitation, and orbits, phenomena we have translated into Berlin-Brandenburg narratives.
100% City, 100% Countryside
West Berlin was long a major city without a hinterland. Open space was a scarce and protected commodity. The island location created extremes: high urban density within and emptiness and countryside beyond the border fence. Similar spatial constellations emerged in much of East Berlin as a result of socialist urban planning. Thus, Berlin and Brandenburg today have a unique relationship, which is a key quality of the region. It is not characterised by an endless suburban zone. This is where extraordinary extremes come together: 100 percent city here – high density, urban flair, and spaces dominated by people – and 100 percent countryside there – low density, nature, and rural areas.
Our suggestion: Unconsciously, the World Island has created a development strategy characterised by one hundred percent city and one hundred percent countryside. This dual nature allows it to ideally respond to future challenges ranging from climate change and energy transition to the preservation of natural habitats. It should not only be applied to the borders of the individual settlement centres, but also to the inner peripheries. Large open spaces should remain open: parks, fallow land, unused industrial sites, and old railway tracks. Berlin and the towns and villages surrounding it can densify inwards; space is available, it just needs to be used efficiently.
The Blue ArchipelagoBerlin is a city on the water, and Brandenburg is a water landscape. Both places make too little use of these qualities. There is no strong relationship between the two, because water only connects places and people if the spaces in which the water is embedded can be experienced and permit these connections.
Our suggestion: Strengthen and expand the waterway connections and networks between Berlin and the surrounding area. Berlin’s main arterial roads and axes should be modified to create new waterways. The new and existing waterways become the gateway to the Blue Archipelago through accompanying ecosystems and network of footpaths and bike paths. Water and the natural world punctuate Berlin and increase resilience. A public space is thus created in Berlin and it not only adds green-blue qualities to the city, but also gives Berliners access to the Brandenburg countryside.
The Constellations
Berlin would not be Berlin without Potsdam, Bernau, and Oranienburg; and Brandenburg would not be Brandenburg without Berlin in its midst. Since the rise of Berlin as a metropolis, this tension has defined local identities. A similarly tense relationship between districts and neighbourhoods can also be observed in Berlin itself. This ‘culture of differences’ is a positive quality of both Berlin and Brandenburg; it is characterised not only by local loyalties, but also by existing opportunities and their further development. Areas directly surrounding Berlin in particular can provide benefits to supplement Berlin.
Our suggestion: Create clusters that focus on these strengths: nature and culture, renewable raw materials and know-how. They are the elements of a new world of habitation, education, and production. Virtually and physically well-connected to regional transport paths, they offer what the larger, more established ‘star’ cannot. As open systems, they can develop into constellations of regional importance and serve as visible symbols of the World Island.
The New Sky over Berlin
Global climate change is largely caused by our consumption and use of fossil fuels, which will eventually run out. Cities must meet their energy and foodstuff needs differently, and not in distant places, but locally, in Brandenburg or even Berlin. No additional square metre should be paved over for this and as much open space as possible should have multiple uses.
Our suggestion: Most of the buildings in the World Island consist of one-fifth façade and a roof that is barely used. These roofs can be activated for energy and food production. Almost half of Berlin’s current electricity need could be generated by solar energy. Many of the flat roofs in Berlin could also be used as roof gardens for growing vegetables. Biogas could be stored in local storage balloons. Large power plants and supermarkets are being replaced by energy production networks and urban agricultural cooperatives. The new sky over Berlin would no longer be grey and barren, but green and verdant. In the areas around Berlin, the omnipresent former military bases can be converted into high-density production locations for food and energy. Their density and industrial scale could help them become ideal energy complexes of the post-fossil-fuel age.
As the city that is always becoming and never is, Berlin will never be truly finished. That is why Brandenburg will never be finished, either: it cannot be. This is true of the place itself and of its residents. They want to be heard and to have a say, to make a difference. They want to shape their city and their countryside. Everyone in Berlin and Brandenburg belongs to a ‘kiez’ (neighbourhood) and embodies that ‘kiez’ in some way. Thus, residents can play a more important, even decisive role in urban and regional development.
Our suggestion: The city and the region should be divided into macro and micro zones. The macro zones consist of essential features: large natural areas, main road networks, local transport, supply networks (unless they can be decentralised), and strategic industrial areas. The micro zones are the areas, neighbourhoods, villages. Local and regional governments are responsible for planning and maintaining the macro zones. The micro zones are governed by their residents with the help of a professional administration. The internet, cellular networks, and other modern technologies are used to involve all residents in the decision-making process. When neighbourhoods are autonomous, there is competition between the them, and their residents define their identity themselves: green, quiet, urban, business-friendly, or more socially inclined.
A colourful portrait of different gravitational zones for urban human coexistence in the World Island can emerge from the city of neighbourhoods and the countryside of villages and small towns. Construction-material cycles are associated with high energy consumption. Cement must be mixed, steel forged, and plastics synthesised. When a building is renovated or demolished, these materials migrate to landfill. Handling materials this way is neither sensible nor sustainable, and the scarcity of non-renewable raw materials already leads to thinking in material cycles and a shift towards renewable, and organic, raw materials. This also builds a new relationship between the urban metropolis of Berlin and its neighbouring Brandenburg.
Our suggestion: Establish regional raw-material cycles. Building materials for Berlin should no longer come from foreign lands but be produced regionally. In new, high-tech production facilities, local wood can become a house wall. Once produced, these and other components are catalogued in databases. They are no longer discarded; when they are not in use anymore, they can be stored until they can be implemented in another process, perhaps even more than once. This creates ‘material orbits’ which can continue to function with minimal energy and material expenditure once they are established.
Six Typologies for a Contemporary Metropolitanism
Six typologies are defined. Each of them corresponds to an existing metropolitan situation that forms a city and defines society; yet they are not designed within the professional practice of urbanism. Three specific examples are presented from the compendium of islands that make up the archipelago. Each one develops two urban typologies together, presenting a pair of opposing but coexisting situations. And so, there six situations, whose details not only allow us to explain the urban islands independently, but also to pursue a unified project that represents the narrative of the city of Berlin as an archipelago. The six situations are as follows. First, urban domestic life: the domestication of urbanism (housing). Second, an alternative-modern event: pop-up urbanisms (leisure). Third, convergence culture: the development of public life (culture and society). Fourth, Industry 4.0: the fourth industrial revolution (industry). Fifth, commuter urbanism: daily life with takeaway meals (infrastructure). And sixth, fluid work: overcoming boundaries between production and consumption (work).
Four Territorial Strategies
Berlin’s urbanism is defined not only by its urban structure or its spatial form. It is defined by its composition as a ‘network’ and by the possibilities of connecting the urban actors scattered across the territory. The metropolitan soul of Berlin depends on its ability to create connections between different metropolitan elements and on how different contexts can be transformed into social catalysts and into networked city islands of a metropolitan archipelago.
1. Infrastructure and transport: from centres and peripheries to a network
In contrast to a centralised and hierarchical model for transport infrastructure, here we propose using an open network model, both decentralised and democratic. Instead of emphasising the current model, which circles around the four main railway stations in Berlin, we propose a number of connection hubs. This constellation of small transport hubs is democratically distributed across the entire area and helps to adjust the large infrastructural inequalities between the inner-city and peripheral areas. Based on this model, the terms ‘centre’ and ‘periphery’ would become obsolete, because, as with a neural network, all points are equally accessible and perfectly interconnected. For this purpose, the existing hard infrastructures (trains and private cars) would be replaced with new models of smart mobilities, and soft infrastructures would be implemented.
2. Industry and Energy: From Concentration to Dispersion
The industries of Berlin-Brandenburg are currently distributed unevenly. They are concentrated in large complexes far from conurbations, thus aggravating the tensions and inequalities between the city and suburbia. The distribution of the energy production centres is also unbalanced and creates a negative ecological footprint. For this competition, we propose a gradual transition to Industry 4.0 and renewable energies. This model dismantles the major hubs and distributes smaller ones throughout the entire region, in small industrial areas with integrated energy facilities. This new model has less impact on the land and on society, which allows it to be organically integrated into urban and natural areas. It rejects the already-outdated conventional model, which, because of its large and aggressive footprint, has prevented the coexistence of industry and society, energy and nature.
3. Nature: From Seclusion to Integration
In our concept, nature is no longer a wilderness that is separate from urban settlements. Instead, it has multiplied into innumerable ‘natures’ that are no longer discovered but built, that are no longer found but are created. And, more importantly, they are not differentiated, sequential elements, but integrated into the urban elements and connected to them.
4. Living and Working (Settlement Areas): From Zone Formation to Hybridisation
The strict zoning of urban programmes, which has shaped the design of the modern city for decades, has led to an inequality between large residential suburbs on the peripheries and dense work zones in the centres. This has resulted in a one-sided dependency between them, resulting in a lack of facilities in large metropolitan areas due to a lack of mixed programmes. Public and private areas are now trapped in separate areas. In view of this inequality, a hybridisation of private life and work is proposed. This is intended as a new urban and social paradigm in which new models of combining life and work can foster a balanced coexistence of both. A mixed territorial structure that integrates new urban tools such as teleworking, co-working, and co-living would create innovative forms of a more heterogeneous metropolitanism.
Three Specific Sub-areas:
1. TXL – Urban Tech Republic
TXL is a metropolitan island that develops two of the six defined urban typologies: Industry 4.0 and alternative-modern industries that, unlike traditional industries, are based on research, information production, and customisation. The large scale of these urban interventions enables them to coexist with other, more informal forms of urbanism based on the fleeting nature of events. Thus, within the same master plan, formal planning tools coexist simultaneously with other, more informal ones.
3. Neu Südkreuz
Particularly in cities like Berlin, the strong sense of community among citizens crosses the boundaries between micro and macro, between global and local. In many European cities, urban development is centred around infrastructural nodes based on so-called transit-oriented developments; in contrast, Greater Berlin expands on the concept of urban development, overlaying it with its pronounced social heterogeneity and thus generating transit-oriented communities. Neu Südkreuz is a good example of this and, therefore, a number of urban residential areas have been considered. Free from the traditional restrictions of the familiar living environment, a variety of programmes and uses penetrate into urban areas. The overall concept is supplemented by a catalogue of action protocols for the urban gaps so typical of Berlin which characterise the surrounding areas. The catalogue offers a set of strategies for sharing four kinds of empty space: abandoned land, inner courtyards, residual spaces, and decommissioned infrastructures.
Urban Island Königs Wusterhausen
Instead of a conventional residential district, which, in most European cities, often becomes a commuter town, we are proposing a hybridisation of living and working, private and public, for this sub-area. The housing blocks do not become merely personal and private spaces, but are enlarged and expanded towards the city. Public capsules are incorporated, which offer social value by facilitating encounters, dialogues, production, and exchange. The master plan includes three superimposed levels of information: an island of urban fragments, scattered in a sea of nature and agriculture; housing blocks that contain public spaces; a matrix of work centres as well as cultural and urban facilities. The connection between the fragments is established by a series of pedestrian walkways and a system paths for electric vehicles (bicycles, gondolas, cable cars, and drones).
1) Water Landscape
The water landscape connects Brandenburg and Berlin: it shapes their industries, biodiversity, agriculture, energy, transport, and the character of their cultural landscapes, including their lakes and rivers. At the same time, the Elbe catchment area, where much of Brandenburg is located, has the second lowest water availability per capita in Europe. Climate change will make this worse. The reduction in rainfall and the increase in evaporation during the summer months will cause Brandenburg to become even drier; this dryness will be interrupted by increased bouts of heavy rain, which, in turn, will pollute the water and soil. We therefore understand the structure of Berlin-Brandenburg as a network of water cycles and place people’s daily interaction with water in the foreground. A system of green corridors in protected habitats for flora and fauna increases biodiversity. Waters and moorland are protected even more; monocultural, large-scale agricultural areas are to be converted into climate-proof farms. These are the elements of a cyclical economy for sustainable, respectful, and profitable use by the federal state.
2) Urban Landscape
Berlin’s main traffic routes have defined the star-shaped settlement structure of Berlin, which has provided open spaces and prevented congestion by condensing traffic along the public transport axes. But the star-shaped settlement cannot handle the diverse nature of the Berlin-Brandenburg region alone. A more flexible and varied structure is needed, which is why the network of the water landscape will now infiltrate and support the star-shaped settlement of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Intersections arise, around which new centres will emerge and grow together to form networks. Berlin and Brandenburg, nature and city, join together to form a landscape of differences, composed of natural and man-made spaces. Urban sprawl is halted, and the existing settlement structure is densified and transformed at existing and new hubs in a targeted manner. These hubs are the centres of tomorrow. No longer the outskirts, they will be characterised by an exceptional quality of life and urban activity – in nature and near water.
3) Energy Landscape
The supply of energy will also be decentralised. Energy will now be generated efficiently with wind, sun, and water. Solar panels and wind turbines are integrated into the landscape in a targeted manner in locations where wind speed, soil conditions, topography, and settlement structure are ideal. Industrial areas that are no longer functional are repurposed for the decentralised storage of energy in the form of hydrogen, water heat, or pumped storage. Short travel distances avoid energy losses; decentralisation increases resilience; surpluses are fed into the grid; oil and gas become obsolete; and carbon neutrality becomes the new norm. Power companies run by citizens and cooperative energy companies based on an intelligent network system make energy production accessible to all.
4) Mobility Landscape
The average speed of motorised traffic in Berlin is currently 20 kilometres per hour. This is a speed people could easily maintain on (e-)bicycles. On average, households in Berlin own fewer cars than in other German cities. We are on the right path. The streets emptied by the coronavirus pandemic have given us an idea of what is possible with fewer vehicles: streets with room for playing and sports, and more peace and quiet. Yet, the technical development is unclear; and we do not know which solutions will prevail. What is certain, however, is that mobility will change, that cars and private transport will no longer play such a central role, and that autonomous driving will increase. We are therefore creating the conditions for more sustainable mobility. We propose the following: expand the network of bicycle lanes and make it suitable for fast e-mobility; create space for ‘inter-modality’ points, where travellers can switch between different modes of transport (communal, public, private); restrict motorised private transport; direct heavy traffic to transport axes and waterways and repurpose the freed-up areas as public spaces; and upgrade streets as shared spaces for various future modes of mobility.
We have selected three sub-areas to illustrate our concepts.
1) Intersection Oranienburg
Oranienburg typifies the complexity of the region. It is characterised by different urban structures, active and decommissioned industrial plants, and a diverse, water-permeated landscape. A centre of tomorrow emerges at the intersection of the star-shaped settlement structure and the landscape network. Ecosystems are strengthened, and sustainable urban structures emerge. The city coalesces around the scenic network along Lehnitz Lake, the Havel River, and the Havel Canal. Precipitation is collected, recycled, buffered, infiltrated, and removed during heavy rains by a sustainable water management system. This way, the city is cooled in hot summers, and soil nutrients are preserved. The ‘inter-modal transport’ concept relies on a combination of regional public transport connections with frequent service and a dense network of (e-)bicycle routes. A park with a community garden is created on Sachsenhausener Strasse, combining urban agriculture, sustainable production, and urban and residential housing. At the southern end of Lehnitz Lake, a former industrial site is renovated and the floors are organically cleaned. Part of the area will be converted into an urban park with leisure facilities; another part will be developed into a mixed residential area between the park and the water. An energy park is created in the northern green area close to Kuhbrücke. The energy generated here is converted into hydrogen and stored. A research centre for water management is built east of the Lehnitz sluice.
2) Trebbin Water Landscape
The district of Teltow-Fläming is typified by rivers and artificial canals, agriculture, shrinking villages, polluted waters, monocultural forests, and a loss of biodiversity. It is also the most productive agricultural district in the Brandenburg region and is thus also responsible for causing environmental pollution. We present how the spatial and functional systems of the area can be sustainably transformed into systems of the cyclical economy. The regional park is part of the larger ecological corridors. It protects and uses the landscape, biosystems, and waters productively for energy, leisure, and food production, resulting in a new cultural landscape that is not bucolic, but efficient and productive. Small-scale organic farming replaces monocultures. A system of water storage, infiltration, purification, and recycling enables high drinking water quality standards and ensures the supply of water across all seasons. A green energy system produces wind and solar energy and networks production sites with decentralised energy storage systems. Cooperative energy companies for inexpensive and decentralised energy management are founded.
3) Kreuzberg Confetti
Berlin’s heterogeneous architectural history is still visible in northern Luisenstadt and southern Friedrichstadt. Our concept elevates the mixed environment in Kreuzberg into a ‘super-mix’ environment, demonstrating that urban density and living in nature are compatible with each other. It prepares the mobility infrastructure for the ongoing shift towards sustainable transport methods and creates an urban landscape that protects both water and environment. We restrict through traffic to axes such as Skalitzer Strasse and Linden Strasse, and we redesign streets such as Heinrich-Heine-Strasse and Oranienstrasse as shared spaces. This creates car-free super blocks, with attractive footpaths and (e-)bicycle lanes. The freed-up areas are converted into green spaces. Mobility becomes multi-modal; switching between different modes of transport becomes easy; and different kinds of shared mobility flourish. Lenné’s Luisenstadt Canal is opened up again and expanded. Mariannenplatz, Waldeck Park, and Böckler Park are expanded to form a park system. Precipitation is managed intelligently and is used to cool the city. Flooding events are mitigated by decentralised infiltration in park areas, hollows, tree trenches, and retention areas. The attractive green spaces invite residents and visitors alike to engage in sports and other recreational activities. The air quality is excellent. The buildings are densified, expanded, repurposed, and on the ground floor revitalised – all in a targeted manner, without additional soil sealing. Linear blocks from the 1970s, buildings from the Gründerzeit years, and buildings from the International Building Exhibition are placed in a new context without losing their original character. A wider range of functions are mixed together; and the paths become even shorter.
Decentralisation Goal
The federal government’s decentralisation goal sets out to create equal living conditions throughout the region, with a special focus on structurally weaker rural areas. Accordingly, this urban development concept assumes that Brandenburg’s existing towns and cities will be strengthened over the long term, in part to relieve the pressure on Berlin. The measures proposed here can accommodate up to twice the number of inhabitants in the metropolitan region without compromising the quality of outdoor spaces and with only a minimal amount of additional soil sealing.
Railway Rings
Berlin currently has an inner railway ring and an outer railway ring. Two additional railway rings will be created. These will link the existing centres along the radial railway lines, strengthening them and helping to reduce transit traffic through Berlin. The third ring will largely run on existing railway tracks or directly along the Berlin circular motorway or ring road and will connect towns such as Oranienburg, Bernau, Straußberg, Königs Wusterhausen, Beelitz, and Nauen. The fourth ring will connect the so-called ‘second-tier ’cities, including Brandenburg an der Havel, Frankfurt an der Oder, and Cottbus. Both rings could link new sites that emerge for industries and businesses (such as Tesla) with the next locations on the respective ring. As a result, these sites will remain close to the new settlements and to Berlin.
Sub-area Brandenburg an der Havel
The strengthening of second-tier cities such as Brandenburg an der Havel, Frankfurt an der Oder, and Cottbus is a focus of the strategic development concept. The great qualities of these cities – their unity with the landscape, their historic city centres, and their good connections to Berlin – make them ideal as regional centres. When expanding these cities, it is important to preserve their historical character and their close connection to nature. The city of Brandenburg an der Havel is a good example of a second-tier city. The existing structures and the natural and organic elements of the city are integrated and further developed. The existing buildings with their block structures are further densified and extended to the city’s edge, marking a clear transition to the surrounding landscape. The contrast between the organic forms of the city, which can be found in the historic centre, and the typical elements of industrial development such as tall silos, is explored in the form of new landmarks. At the same time, the natural spaces also enter into the city, so that the city and nature reconnect in a variety of ways.
Sub-area Westkreuz
The basic ideas of the master plan are exemplified by the development plan for the Westkreuz area: densification within the settlement boundaries, the development and conversion of traffic areas and unused areas, and the strengthening of the intersections of the railway rings and railway radials. The Westkreuz suburban railway station will be expanded to become a regional railway station which, like the Gesundbrunnen station, will allow riders to transfer from regional trains from the surrounding areas to the suburban ring railway. The motorway will now run underground and be partially dismantled. This will eliminate its destructive ‘barrier effect’. A dense, socially and functionally mixed urban district is planned on the large site and will be networked with the surrounding quarters. At Westkreuz, and at the three other railway intersections (Südkreuz, Ostkreuz, and Nordkreuz), two high-rise buildings with a height of between 100 and 200 metres will be built as a gateway to central Berlin. These pairs of high-rise buildings frame the high-rise groups in the central locations in the city centre. Most of the old railway tracks will be converted into a park, which will connect Grunewald to the east-west axis via the Lietzensee Park. The east-west axis will be developed into a green boulevard with rows of trees and a bicycle expressway in the middle.
Sub-area Berlin-Mitte
A discussion of the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan region cannot overlook its centre, the historic heart of Berlin. Although the strategic development in the present concept primarily focuses on strengthening towns on the rings, central Berlin plays a vital role for the entire region. The historical development of Berlin from a small settlement into the political centre of Germany can only be observed here. The cultural institutions in the city centre also radiate across the entire metropolitan region. For the medieval core, it is proposed that the existing buildings from the GDR era are brought into a dialogue with a critical reconstruction of the historic city plan, so that Berlin’s long history is once again legible and the individual histories of the buildings can be remembered through their historical addresses. To the east of Berlin’s medieval centre, Lenné’s ‘green corridor’ project is revisited, and the connection between the Engelbecken and Volkspark Friedrichshain (via Straussberger Platz) is converted into a continuous green corridor and monumentalised by large urban squares.
Strategic Reflections on the Process
As yet, there is no common, trans-national public discourse on the strategic development of the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan region. With its plans and images, the Berlin-Brandenburg 2070 competition offers an outstanding opportunity to initiate and advance this discussion. The winners of the competition should develop a common and comprehensive concept for the area’s long-term development through a multi-year process involving a dialogue with the public. This should be conducted in cooperation with the joint state planning authorities and in exchange with the citizens of the two states.
Our strategy of gradually converting Berlin-Brandenburg into an urbanised-landscaped region is based on expanding and activating existing landscapes and infrastructural structures and reanimating latent existing ones. The strategy also involves introducing new innovative uses and leaving enough flexible spaces for unforeseen uses.
A sustainable metropolis can only be developed on the basis of the landscape or countryside as a starting point. For Berlin and Brandenburg, the typical landscape structures include waterways, tree-lined avenues, ‘Angerdöfer’ (villages built around a central village green), and fields. The various terrains, soils, water structures, local climates, and habitats are the basis for both the diversification of landscape structures and structural development strategies.
The Schmettau map series includes historical ordnance survey maps of the area and offers valuable clues for activating the landscape. Densification measures should occur along the existing, often well-equipped infrastructures, particularly the arteries along railway and tram lines. The existing access network composed of historic tree-lined avenues is well suited to accommodate new forms of micromobility (on-demand buses, shared mobility, e-bikes). This creates a close-knit development network between less densely populated areas. Motorway feeder roads lying within the outer ring road become expressways and serve to transport goods, thus supporting inner-city production sites and factories. Travellers heading towards the city centre with private modes of transport from the surrounding areas and outskirts can transfer to the suburban train on the outer ring.
A socially just and open society requires spatial and economic freedom in which diverse lifestyles and integration models can be tested and practised. Concept-based land-allocation procedures, designed to prevent the appreciation of real estate value, serve to promote cooperative, non-profit housing and make development projects accessible to smaller players. We illustrate our strategy of gradually converting the capital region into a landscaped-urbanised area with proposals for three specific locations. There are three main areas of focus: regional parks, new housing construction, and the transformation of the rays of the star-shaped settlement structure. Here, we specifically explore the settlements along the ray composed of Pankow, Buch, Bernau, and Barnim.
A socially just and open society requires spatial and economic freedom in which diverse lifestyles and integration models can be tested and practised. Concept-based land-allocation procedures, designed to prevent the appreciation of real estate value, serve to promote cooperative, non-profit housing and make development projects accessible to smaller players. We illustrate our strategy of gradually converting the capital region into a landscaped-urbanised area with proposals for three specific locations. There are three main areas of focus: regional parks, new housing construction, and the transformation of the rays of the star-shaped settlement structure. Here, we specifically explore the settlements along the ray composed of Pankow, Buch, Bernau, and Barnim.
Mosaic of Contextual and Inherent Diversity
The contour is formed by the contextual arrangement of five urban and rural elements that form a spatial mosaic: nature reserves; forest clearings; housing and regenerative microfarming; new urban areas; and special-use structures, large-scale projects, and energy infrastructure. These building blocks contribute to the densification of the star-shaped settlement structure and also strengthen the rural areas of Brandenburg, in part by reintroducing nature. Depending on the location, the mosaic can promote urban development or be a site of innovative agriculture and exemplary natural strategies. This is the strength of the contour: each building block consists of a variety of lifestyles, forest ecosystems, and biotopes.
Barnim Regional Park (Bernau-Werneuchten)
In addition to the existing nature parks, four special park landscapes – regional parks – are to be established, two of which are already well developed. The new regional park between Bernau and Werneuchen will function as an incubator, stimulating the landscape transformation process. The Schmettau map series provides a point of reference for the reconstruction and development measures, as the microtopography and soil conditions have remained largely unchanged. These natural areas are to be expanded exponentially in relation to the current state (approximately by a factor of ten). In addition, existing forests are to be gradually returned to their original condition or repurposed for land-use management or – as natural parks and nature preserves – integrated into the surroundings.
Contour Mosaic, Focus: New Housing in the Relevant ‘Mosaic Stone’
The contour consists of five different urban and rural building blocks and creates an ecologically, economically, and socially diverse living environment by offering a mix of new housing developments and introducing new flora. The example used here is the area between Buch and Schwanebeck, which is crossed by the A10 motorway.
New Residential Construction
This mosaic stone establishes an experimental field that promotes ecological and social living spaces as well as diversity. As an ‘edge habitat’, it can accommodate various lifestyles within a parcel and promotes a decentralised, collective method of supplying energy and water. The structure and scale of the settlement is based on the dimensions that are required for agricultural self-sufficiency. The average parcel measures around 150 × 150 metres, which can be expanded or subdivided according to location and use. Existing landscape and building structures are either integrated or delineate the structure. Each parcel is surrounded by a public network of roads that can be flexibly assigned to different types of traffic.
Mixed-use constellations are to be ensured by an application process in which the applicant’s socio-ecological innovation concept is stated. The ensuing diversity in lifestyles will enable new qualities: economic construction methods; mutual care; carpooling; diverse public spaces; and innovations in agricultural-ecological undertakings. The parcels are leased and not sold.
Lifelines, focus: redesigning a section of a radial street within Berlin; redesigning a section of an arm of the star-shaped settlement (Brandenburg).
The sub-area considered as an example lies in northern Pankow near Französisches Buchholz and Blankenburg. The development builds on the historical landscape structure with its tree-lined avenues, ditches, and villages and includes more recent additions, such as the motorway and the suburban railway. The redesign is based on the principle that existing and developed infrastructures in this area, which is characterised by low density, can and should support more residents and activities in a growing metropolitan region. The radial roads are integrated into a network of various arteries and forms in which the waterways, motorway, and suburban railway become supporting radials. This network constitutes the arteries of the star-shaped settlement structure and links the contour’s mosaics with the star’s interior. Along the arteries, between the arteries, and especially where transport routes intersect, higher densities are created through densification, the formation of public spaces, city projects, and the promotion of local and regional trade and production. The existing transport infrastructures become their ‘lifelines’.
Berlin-Brandenburg and Europe
The global shift towards sustainable modes of transport and the expansion of railway and water transport are turning the Berlin-Brandenburg region into a hub of diverse cultural and trade corridors in the German and European context. Accordingly, this railway and waterway network is undergoing continuous optimisation. Growth takes place along the radial axes and connects the towns and city. The urban expansion areas follow the star-shaped railway lines between the protected natural landscape and cultural landscapes, thereby transforming the scattered settlement areas into more compact urban structures. In this way, buildable land for one million new residents is gained without radically altering the character of the urban structure or disturbing the harmonious natural areas.
The Countryside Comes to the Towns
The Berlin countryside is characterised by forests, lakes, and agricultural areas and harbours unique potential for the climatic and ecological regeneration of the region in the future. Strengthening the spatial connection between these areas and improving their incorporation into the growing and increasingly populous urban region is central to our concept. Natural and cultural landscapes will be boosted with the appropriate infrastructure and networks of paths for outdoor activities. Cultural landscapes reinforce the perception and appreciation of the region as an integrated entity and intensify the population’s connection with it, promoting empathy between the rural and urban residents.
The radial settlement arteries complement one another along the railway lines with their adjacent cultural landscapes. They reinforce Berlin’s star-shaped settlement structure and result in a coherent structure with complementary qualities: city, cultural landscape, and agricultural land. The third ring connects the radial arteries. We are adding a new third ring to the first and second rings to accelerate the connection routes between the towns on the outskirts of Berlin, thereby avoiding detours through Berlin. Because of the density and proximity of many towns in the north, east, and south, the third ring will also link these places; and the third ring will join the second ring to the west of Potsdam. This bypass optimises the internal dynamics of the second and third rings. The area inside Berlin’s first railway ring becomes the geometric centre of Berlin’s series of concentric transport rings. The third ring significantly increases mobility in the areas surrounding Berlin and reduces their dependence on the city. This ring will be realised in phases. The first segment will be built in the northeast, since the greatest added value is expected there, in coordination with the growth of Brandenburg’s centres. One can ensure the desired network optimisation, even when building the third ring in stages, by connecting it to the radial transport axes.
Urban centres, composed of housing, commercial spaces, and social infrastructures, which will in turn benefit from optimal transport infrastructure, will emerge near the intersections of the rings and radial axes. Thus, Brandenburg’s growth areas near the third ring will see more opportunities to develop and connect with one other independently of Berlin.
The Third Ring as an Elevated Railway
The third ring is conceived as an elevated railway in order to protect the cultural landscape, agriculture, and wildlife. This also simplifies intersections between roads, motorways, and rivers. Lightweight construction fosters a harmonious relationship with nature and agriculture. The elevated trains provide a pleasing view of the surrounding countryside, and the suburban train stations in the towns become attractive centres.
We have selected three locations to illustrate the master plan. We analyse each location in terms of mobility, history, growth, and landscape. Two of the locations (Tempelhof-Südkreuz and Bernau) are situated at the intersection of radials and rings; the third location (Schwedt) is situated along a radial. Using these locations as examples, we demonstrate the characteristic features of the Berlin-Brandenburg region. These include: urban areas with contradicting histories; industries; diverse natural areas; good railway networks; and strong growth potential.
Tempelhof-Südkreuz has always been an exceptional area as it has remained undeveloped and is characterised by railways, meadows, barracks, and training areas. Today, the neighbouring intersections of the first ring and railway radials (Südkreuz) and of the B96 motorway, the underground, and the urban motorway (Tempelhof) offer unique potential for urban development.
Tempelhofer Feld is important as a recreation site and cold-air production area for the city centre. The optimal transport connections near Tempelhofer Damm make it ideal for large cultural projects in Berlin-Brandenburg. The former airport site could house a new state library, university campuses, and research centres. The areas along the railway will be mixed-use districts. The three prominent high-rise buildings at the junction of the B96 motorway, underground railway, and urban motorway make it an ideal location for a regional centre. The railway line is accompanied by a bike path, which enables fast journeys between the railway station and airfield. The urban motorway is ideal for future bicycle use. No longer isolated, Tempelhof-Südkreuz is now integrated into the urban landscape and fulfils an important function in Berlin.
Bernau bei Berlin is a great example of a Brandenburg town with a colourful architectural history. The structure of the medieval wall and rampart continues to shape Bernau today. Socialist modernisation policies established in 1975 damaged but did not eradicate the fabric of the city centre. The railway runs from Berlin to the northeast, towards Szczecin and the Baltic Sea. The two military facilities testify to the importance of railway connections for the city. The construction of the third ring – and of the intersection with the north–south radial – will transform Bernau into a transport hub, which will promote the development of the areas near the railway station and the old town. The repurposed military complexes could accommodate new homes and research facilities. The renaturalisation of the Panke River and Panke Park nearby will allow residents to live surrounded by nature and enjoy optimal connections to other locations in the region. For regional tourism, the district of Barnim, starting from Bernau, offers an ideal point of departure, not least for tourists on bicycles.
Three city models characterise Schwedt an der Oder: the medieval city (1265), the baroque city palace (1685) with its magnificent landscaped axis leading to the Mon Plaisir summer palace, and the model socialist city (Selmanagic 1960, Paulick 1962) built for the workers of the crude oil processing plant. Under the socialists, the city palace was destroyed in 1962 and replaced with the Palace of Culture. All three city models are in a fragmentary state today. Beyond the Oder lies a meadow landscape with one of more important bridges across the river. A railway line connects Schwedt, via Angermünde, to the radial axis running through Berlin, Stettin, and the Baltic Sea. We wish to optimise this connection, so that the radial axis will include a high-speed train from Berlin to Szczecin via Schwedt. This high-speed train will then continue along the Oder to the Baltic Sea. Appropriate city planning measures in Schwedt can bring together mobility, urban history, and nature to form a complementary and symbiotic relationship. It is possible to reanimate the three city models: by restoring the old town; by building around the castle near the theatre; by revitalising the green axis and the Mon Plaisir park; and by completing the town centre based on the socialist city model, with new buildings for research and tourist facilities. The new significance of the railway station will lead to urban densification and better transport connections. Former prefab building complexes will be renatured, and the alluvial landscape will be protected against development. These interventions and the growing regional tourism along the Oder, with its new port, municipal swimming complex, and national park, open up the best prospects for Schwedt, located on the railway line between the Baltic Sea and Berlin.
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Pullman Hotel: Berlin City Guide
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Explore the historic city of Berlin with city guides from Pullman Hotels. Make the most of your visit to Berlin with Pullman as your guide. Discover Berlin.
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Berghain Nightclub
Restaurants & nightlife
| Berlin, Germany
One of the most legendary clubs in Berlin, Berghain Nightclub is the epicenter of the electro music culture.
One of the most legendary clubs in Berlin, Berghain Nightclub is the epicenter of the electro music culture. Mingle with the diverse crowd that frequents this former power station, while discovering the sounds of the best DJs and experiencing a taste of the German capital’s nightlife scene.
Address
Am Wriezener Bahnhof, 10243 Berlin
- / +49 30 29360210 / www.berghain.de
Discover
Television Tower
Highlights
| Berlin, Germany
Climb to the top of the highest tower of Berlin, soaring 368 meters high. Perched on top of this emblematic monument is a slowly rotating panoramic restaurant which...
Climb to the top of the highest tower of Berlin, soaring 368 meters high. Perched on top of this emblematic monument is a slowly rotating panoramic restaurant which offers breathtaking views.
Address
Panoramastraße 1A, 10178 Berlin
- / +49 30 247575875 / www.tv-turm.de
Discover
Kurfürstendamm & KaDeWe
Shopping
| Berlin, Germany
A major 3.5 km boulevard in Berlin, Kurfürstendamm (or "Kudamm") is the largest shopping street in the city.
A major 3.5 km boulevard in Berlin, Kurfürstendamm (or "Kudamm") is the largest shopping street in the city. This elegant shopping avenue begins with the Breitscheidplatz sector shops, however feel free to detour one of the side streets, such as Fasanenstraße, dotted with galleries and shops such as A.P.C. and Aesop. Further along, between Memorial Church and Adenauerplatz, discover the best in high fashion at boutiques such as Yves Saint Laurent and Valentino. Finally, discover the seven-storey KaDeWe department store, Berlin’s shopping institution for over a century. The historic store brings together the world’s leading fashion brands, such as Hermès, La Perla, Lalique, Louis Vuitton and Michael Kors. Two levels are also dedicated to a gourmet food hall.
Address
KaDeWe : Tauentzienstraße 21-24, 10789 Berlin
- / +49 30 21210 / www.kadewe.de
Discover
Visit the Reichstag
Highlights
| Berlin, Germany
The Reichstag, Berlin’s landmark Neoclassical palace, is the seat of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Federal Republic of Germany.
The Reichstag, Berlin’s landmark Neoclassical palace, is the seat of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Federal Republic of Germany. By reservation, visit the rooftop terrace and cupola to enjoy picturesque views of the German capital.
Address
Platz der Republik 1, 11011 Berlin
- / +49 30 22732152 / www.bundestag.de
Discover
Potsdamer Platz Arkaden
Shopping
| Berlin, Germany
Established in Potsdamer Platz in 1998, the very contemporary lines of this shopping center glass roof are designed by Renzo Piano.
Established in Potsdamer Platz in 1998, the very contemporary lines of this shopping center glass roof are designed by Renzo Piano. Its three floors are home to 140 shops, focused mainly upon fashion and design. International brands such as Guess, Adidas, Mango and Tommy Hilfiger are well represented, along with German designers such as G-Star RAW. Local Berliners tend to visit Potsdamer Platz Arkaden either before or after catching a movie at the nearby Cinestar Sony Center. The mall also boasts a wide choice of bars and restaurants and a delicious Italian ice cream shop.
Address
Alte Potsdamer Str. 7, Berlin
- / +49 30 2559270 / potsdamerplatz.de
Discover
DDR Museum
Art & design
| Berlin, Germany
The DDR Museum explores over 40 years of daily life in the former East Germany, when it was separated from West Germany by the Berlin Wall.
The DDR Museum explores over 40 years of daily life in the former East Germany, when it was separated from West Germany by the Berlin Wall. Nostalgia reigns at this museum, where former DDR residents have donated their personal items from that period, including authentic clothing, radios and photographs which make up the museum's collection. The museum reconstitutes this entire era of German history, and shares the resident’s stories of trying to pass undetected from one side of Berlin to the other. The visit gives pride of place to interactivity; make sure to climb aboard the Trabant driving simulator.
Address
Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 1, 10178 Berlin
- / +49 30 847123731 / www.ddr-museum.de
Discover
The Berlin Philharmonic
Highlights
| Berlin, Germany
The Berlin Philharmonic, which was established in 1963, celebrates chamber and symphon music. Dedicated to the latter, the large concert hall...
The Berlin Philharmonic, which was established in 1963, celebrates chamber and symphon music. Dedicated to the latter, the large concert hall, with stunning architecture and perfect acoustics, will delight discerning music lovers.
Address
Herbert-von-Karajan-Straße 1, 10785 Berlin+49 30 254880 / www.berliner-philharmoniker.de
Discover
Brandenburg Gate
Highlights
| Berlin, Germany
A strong symbol in Berlin, the Brandenburg Gate is a must-see local landmark. Standing majestically in the city center since the eighteenth century...
A strong symbol in Berlin, the Brandenburg Gate is a must-see local landmark. Standing majestically in the city center since the eighteenth century, the 26 meters high monument was formerly part of the Berlin Wall.
Address
Pariser Platz, 10117 Berlin
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Discover
Borchardt
Restaurants & nightlife
| Berlin, Germany
Since 1853, Borchardt restaurant has been the place to see-and-be-seen in Berlin. Underneath its soaring columns, political...
Since 1853, Borchardt restaurant has been the place to see-and-be-seen in Berlin. Underneath its soaring columns, political, media and artistic personalities order without hesitation the famous schnitzel, a specialty of this local dining institution.
Address
Franz. Str. 47, 10117 Berlin
- / +49 30 81886262 / www.borchardt-restaurant.de
Discover
Shopping in Mitte
Shopping
| Berlin, Germany
Situated in the heart of central Berlin, the Mitte district is home to many of the city’s most famous landmarks.
Situated in the heart of central Berlin, the Mitte district is home to many of the city’s most famous landmarks. However, it is also an area that lends itself perfectly to shopping. Immerse yourself in the lively atmosphere of Unter den Linden, the equivalent of the Champs-Elysées with its boutique shopping. For fashion, head to Friedrichstrasse. Around the "Checkpoint Charlie" area, brands such as Massimo Dutti, COS and Louis Vuitton have taken up residence. Make sure to also visit the Galeries Lafayette department store with its french touch, set behind a glass façade designed by Jean Nouvel. The Quartier 207, home to labels such as Bottega Veneta and Moschino, is an intimate Art Deco jewel box which is also worth visiting.
Address
Friedrichstraße 76-78, 10117 Berlin
- / +49 30 209480 / galerieslafayette.de
Discover
Neues Museum
Art & design
| Berlin, Germany
Located in the heart of Berlin’s Museum Island, the Neue Museum, built in the nineteenth century, was transformed between 2003 and 2009 by British architect Sir David...
Located in the heart of Berlin’s Museum Island, the Neue Museum, built in the nineteenth century, was transformed between 2003 and 2009 by British architect Sir David Chipperfield. Since then, this building - both classic and contemporary - presents a chronological journey through the museum’s magnificent collection of prehistoric, ancient and Middle Age art. The Egyptian civilization is particularly in the spotlight at this iconic Berlin museum. Thus, in addition to the Le Moustier Neanderthal skull and the collection of antiquities unearthed by Heinrich Schliemann at Troy, the high point of the visit is undoubtedly the famous Nefertiti Bust.
Address
Bodestraße 1-3, 10178 Berlin
- / +49 30 266424242 / www.smb.museum
Discover
Museum Island
Art & design
| Berlin, Germany
Museum Island is situated on a small island on Berlin’s picturesque Spree river, which runs through the heart of the German capital.
Museum Island is situated on a small island on Berlin’s picturesque Spree river, which runs through the heart of the German capital. Built between the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this remarkable collection of museums dedicated to the arts is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Iconic, the Pergamon Museum displays fascinating ancient monuments, the result of excavations by German archaeologists. The altar of Zeus at Pergamum is particularly spectacular. If time permits, make sure to visit the Neue Museum, the Alte Nationalgalerie, the Bode-Museum and the Altes Museum, which are also part of Museum Island.
Address
Musée de Pergame : Bodestraße 1-3, 10178 Berlin+49 30 266424242 / www.smb.museum
Discover
Pauly Saal and Mogg & Melzer
Restaurants & nightlife
| Berlin, Germany
In Oranienburger Strasse, a former 1920s Jewish girls school is now home to leading Berlin art galleries and renowned restaurants.
In Oranienburger Strasse, a former 1920s Jewish girls school is now home to leading Berlin art galleries and renowned restaurants. On the ground floor, discover the Jewish Mogg & Melzer deli and Pauly Saal, the building’s star restaurant.
Address
Pauly Saal : Auguststraße 11-13, 10117 Berlin / +49 30 33006070 / paulysaal.comMogg & Meltzer : Auguststraße 11-13, 10117 Berlin, Allemagne / +49 30 330060770 / www.moggandmelzer.com
Discover
Zoological garden
Highlights
| Berlin, Allemagne
Founded in 1844 on the edge of Tiergarten Park, the Berlin Zoo is one of the largest zoos in the world.
Founded in 1844 on the edge of Tiergarten Park, the Berlin Zoo is one of the largest zoos in the world. Wander around its 35 hectares and admire its elephants, ostriches, penguins, polar bears and lions.
Address
Hardenbergplatz 8, 10787 Berlin
- / +49 30 254010 / www.zoo-berlin.de
Discover
Gendarmenmarkt
Highlights
| Berlin, Germany
The Gendarmenmarkt is a local Berlin square lined with monuments and buildings which were rebuilt after the Second World War.
The Gendarmenmarkt is a local Berlin square lined with monuments and buildings which were rebuilt after the Second World War. Soak in its lively cosmopolitan atmosphere, especially when the Christmas market is held late in the year.
Address
Gendarmenmarkt, 10117 Berlin
- / /
Discover
Jewish Museum
Art & design
| Berlin, Germany
Architect Daniel Libeskind is the design talent behind of one of the largest Jewish museums in Europe, the Jewish Museum in Berlin.
Architect Daniel Libeskind is the design talent behind of one of the largest Jewish museums in Europe, the Jewish Museum in Berlin. Nicknamed "Blitz" (or “Lightning”) by Berliners because of the building’s radical, zigzag design, the museum’s contemporary buildings house over 3,000 m2 of exhibition space. Through works of art, images, text archives and everyday objects, the Jewish Museum tells the story of the German Jews over 2,000 years. Multimedia and interactivity feature heavily throughout the experience in this landmark of Jewish memories and awareness.
Address
Lindenstraße 9-14, 10969 Berlin
- / +49 30 25993300 / www.jmberlin.de
Discover
Helmut Newton Foundation
Art & design
| Berlin, Germany
Overseen by his wife June Newton (aka the photographer Alice Springs), the Helmut Newton Foundation pays tribute to the great photographer who was born in Berlin in 1920.
Overseen by his wife June Newton (aka the photographer Alice Springs), the Helmut Newton Foundation pays tribute to the great photographer who was born in Berlin in 1920. Established for over 10 years within an old Neoclassical casino, this foundation presents a series of fascinating temporary exhibitions which explore the many facets of Helmut Newton’s life and his provocative works. Discover the rich and eclectic works of this significant fashion and portrait photographer who has left his mark in Black & White into the twenty first century.
Address
Jebensstraße 2, 10623 Berlin
- / +49 30 31864856 / www.helmutnewton.com
Discover
La Soupe Populaire
Restaurants & nightlife
| Berlin, Germany
Situated between Mitte and Prenzlauer Berg, the Bötzow brewery is experiencing a second lease of life.
Situated between Mitte and Prenzlauer Berg, the Bötzow brewery is experiencing a second lease of life. La Soupe Populaire restaurant is one of its most desirable gastronomic addresses, where Michelin-starred chef Tim Raue elevates popular Berlin local dishes.
Address
Prenzlauer Allee 242, 10405 Berlin
- / +49 30 44319680 / lasoupepopulaire.de
Discover
Markthalle Neun
Restaurants & nightlife
| Berlin, Germany
The Markthalle Neun, the oldest covered market in Berlin, is nestled in the heart of Berlin’s Kreuzberg district.
The Markthalle Neun, the oldest covered market in Berlin, is nestled in the heart of Berlin’s Kreuzberg district. It is loved for its authenticity and its popular Street Food Thursday. Savour its gourmand specialties from around the world, presented in a variety of food stalls.
Address
Eisenbahnstraße 42-43, 10997 Berlin
- / +49 30 61073473 / www.markthalleneun.de
Discover
Tiergarten Park
Highlights
| Berlin, Germany
In the heart of Berlin, the Tiergarten Park spans 210 hectares and is the green lung of the city. Away from the hubbub...
In the heart of Berlin, the Tiergarten Park spans 210 hectares and is the green lung of the city. Away from the hubbub, enjoy some fresh air and mingle with the joggers who frequent this iconic park.
Address
Str. des 17. Juni 31, 10785 Berlin
- / +49 30 901833101 /
Discover
LP12 Mall of Berlin
Shopping
| Berlin, Germany
On Leipziger Platz, between Potsdamer Platz and Friedrichstrasse, the 76,000 m2 Mall of Berlin was inducted as the temple of Berlin shopping since 2014.
On Leipziger Platz, between Potsdamer Platz and Friedrichstrasse, the 76,000 m2 Mall of Berlin was inducted as the temple of Berlin shopping since 2014. More than 250 shops and restaurants line the aisles of the mall, spread over 4 levels. International retailers such as Zara, C & A and Toys'r'Us are present, along with fashion brands such as French Connection, COS, Karl Lagerfeld, Guess and Hugo Boss complete the portfolio. Food wise, don’t miss Currywurst House.
Address
Leipziger Pl. 12, 10117 Berlin
- / / www.mallofberlin.de
Discover
Monsieur Vuong
Restaurants & nightlife
| Berlin, Germany
Monsieur Vuong, a casual Vietnamese canteen in Berlin, is famous for its delicious flavors and fresh produce. The proof is in the menu, which changes every second day.
Monsieur Vuong, a casual Vietnamese canteen in Berlin, is famous for its delicious flavors and fresh produce. The proof is in the menu, which changes every second day. Be aware that Monsieur Vuong doesn’t take reservations so it’s best to arrive early.
Address
Alte Schönhauser Str. 46, 10119 Berlin
- / +49 30 99296924 / www.monsieurvuong.de
Discover
Insider Tour Berlin
Highlights
| Berlin, Germany
With Insider Tour, discover the most emblematic sites in Berlin and its history, including little-known anecdotes...
With Insider Tour, discover the most emblematic sites in Berlin and its history, including little-known anecdotes, through its highly knowledgeable and entertaining tour guides.
Address
Hardenbergplatz 2, 10623 Berlin+49 30 6923149 / www.insidertour.com
Discover
Do You Read Me
Shopping
| Berlin, Germany
Everything lies in its name. In the minimalist setting of iconic Berlin bookstore Do You Read Me, discover the leading selection of German and international magazines...
Everything lies in its name. In the minimalist setting of iconic Berlin bookstore Do You Read Me, discover the leading selection of German and international magazines, beautifully displayed, which commands your attention. The selection of beautiful pages is incredible: design, photo, lifestyle, fashion, design, art, alternative cultures ... there’s no risk that a cool title won’t be found here. A true wealth of visual inspiration, especially since Do You Read Me encourages its shoppers to flip through and discover its publications. Since 2011, a second address opened on Berlin’s Potsdamer Straße.
Address
Auguststrasse 28 – 10117 Berlin-Mitte
- / 030/ 695 49 695 / www.doyoureadme.de
Discover
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_U-Bahn
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Rapid transport system of Berlin, Germany
U-Bahn BerlinOverviewOwnerBerliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG)LocaleBerlinTransit typeRapid transitNumber of lines9 (numbered U1–U9)[1]Number of stations175[1]Daily ridership1,515,342 (average daily, 2017)[2]Annual ridership553.1 million (2017)[2]WebsiteBVG.de – HomepageOperationBegan operation15 January 1902; 122 years ago ( )Operator(s)Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG)Train length~100 metres (328 ft 1 in)Headway4–5 minutes (daytime)TechnicalSystem length155.64 km (96.7 mi)[1]Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)Electrification750 V DC Third railAverage speed30.7 km/h (19.1 mph)[1]Top speed72 km/h (45 mph)
Berlin U-Bahn
Rathaus Spandau Alt-Tegel Altstadt Spandau Borsigwerke Zitadelle Holzhauser Straße Haselhorst Otisstraße Paulsternstraße Scharnweberstraße Rohrdamm Kurt-Schumacher-Platz Siemensdamm Afrikanische Straße Halemweg Rehberge Jakob-Kaiser-Platz Seestraße Jungfernheide Mierendorffplatz Wittenau Richard-Wagner-Platz Rathaus Reinickendorf Karl-Bonhoeffer-Nervenklinik Ruhleben Lindauer Allee Olympia-Stadion Paracelsus-Bad Neu-Westend Residenzstraße Theodor-Heuss-Platz Franz-Neumann-Platz Kaiserdamm Osloer Straße Sophie-Charlotte-Platz Pankstraße Gesundbrunnen Krumme Lanke Voltastraße Onkel Toms Hütte Bernauer Straße Oskar-Helene-Heim Rosenthaler Platz Thielplatz Weinmeisterstraße Dahlem-Dorf Podbielskiallee Nauener Platz Breitenbachplatz Leopoldplatz Rüdesheimer Platz Amrumer Straße Heidelberger Platz Westhafen Birkenstraße Bismarckstraße Turmstraße Deutsche Oper Hansaplatz Ernst-Reuter-Platz Zoologischer Garten Uhlandstraße Wedding Kurfürstendamm Reinickendorfer Straße Schwartzkopffstraße Wilmersdorfer Straße Naturkundemuseum Adenauerplatz Oranienburger Tor Konstanzer Straße Friedrichstraße Fehrbelliner Platz Blissestraße Hohenzollernplatz Spichernstraße Güntzelstraße Augsburger Straße Berliner Straße Wittenbergplatz Bundesplatz Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz Nollendorfplatz Walther-Schreiber-Platz Viktoria-Luise-Platz Schloßstraße Bayerischer Platz Rathaus Steglitz Rathaus Schöneberg Innsbrucker Platz Bülowstraße Gleisdreieck Kurfürstenstraße Mendelssohn-Bartholdy-Park Potsdamer Platz Hauptbahnhof Mohrenstraße Bundestag Brandenburger Tor Eisenacher Straße Kleistpark Unter den Linden Yorckstraße Stadtmitte Möckernbrücke Kochstraße Hallesches Tor Mehringdamm Gneisenaustraße Hausvogteiplatz Südstern Spittelmarkt Märkisches Museum Platz der Luftbrücke Klosterstraße Paradestraße Tempelhof Museumsinsel Alt-Tempelhof Rotes Rathaus Kaiserin-Augusta-Straße Alexanderplatz Ullsteinstraße Westphalweg Jannowitzbrücke Alt-Mariendorf Heinrich-Heine-Straße Moritzplatz Prinzenstraße Kottbusser Tor Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz Görlitzer Bahnhof Senefelderplatz Schlesisches Tor Eberswalder Straße Warschauer Straße Schönhauser Allee Vinetastraße Schönleinstraße Pankow Hermannplatz Boddinstraße Schillingstraße Leinestraße Strausberger Platz Hermannstraße Weberwiese Frankfurter Tor Rathaus Neukölln Samariterstraße Karl-Marx-Straße Frankfurter Allee Neukölln Magdalenenstraße Grenzallee Lichtenberg Blaschkoallee Friedrichsfelde Parchimer Allee Tierpark Britz-Süd Biesdorf-Süd Johannisthaler Chaussee Elsterwerdaer Platz Lipschitzallee Wuhletal Wutzkyallee Kaulsdorf-Nord Zwickauer Damm Kienberg Rudow Cottbusser Platz Hellersdorf Louis-Lewin-Straße Hönow
Up and down correspond (very) roughly to west and east, respectively.
The Berlin U-Bahn (German: [ˈuː baːn]; short for Untergrundbahn, "underground railway") is a rapid transit system in Berlin, the capital and largest city of Germany, and a major part of the city's public transport system. Together with the S-Bahn, a network of suburban train lines, and a tram network that operates mostly in the eastern parts of the city, it serves as the main means of transport in the capital.
Opened in 1902, the U-Bahn serves 175 stations[1] spread across nine lines, with a total track length of 155.64 kilometres (96 miles 57 chains),[3] about 80% of which is underground.[4] Trains run every two to five minutes during peak hours, every five minutes for the rest of the day and every ten minutes in the evening. Over the course of a year, U-Bahn trains travel 132 million kilometres (82 million miles),[1] and carry over 400 million passengers.[1] In 2017, 553.1 million passengers rode the U-Bahn.[2] The entire system is maintained and operated by the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe, commonly known as the BVG.
Designed to alleviate traffic flowing into and out of central Berlin, the U-Bahn was rapidly expanded until the city was divided into East and West Berlin at the end of World War II. Although the system remained open to residents of both sides at first, the construction of the Berlin Wall and the subsequent restrictions imposed by East Germany limited travel across the border. The East Berlin U-Bahn lines from West Berlin were severed, except for two West Berlin lines that ran through East Berlin (U6 and U8). These were allowed to pass through East Berlin without stopping at any of the stations, which were closed. Friedrichstraße was the exception because it was used as a transfer point between U6 and the West Berlin S-Bahn system, and a border crossing into East Berlin. The system was reopened completely following the fall of the Berlin Wall and German reunification.
The Berlin U-Bahn is the most extensive underground network in Germany.[1] In 2006, travel on the Berlin U-Bahn was equivalent to 122.2 million km (76 million mi) of car journeys.[5]
History
[edit]
The Berlin U-Bahn was built in three major phases:
Up to 1913: the construction of the Kleinprofil (small profile) network in Berlin, Charlottenburg, Schöneberg, and Wilmersdorf;
Up to 1930: the introduction of the Großprofil (large profile) network that established the first north–south lines;
From 1953 on: further development after World War II.
In a bid to secure its own improvement, Schöneberg also wanted a connection to Berlin. The elevated railway company did not believe such a line would be profitable, so the city built the first locally financed underground in Germany (intentionally using standard of KleinprofilBerlin U-Bahn rolling stock). It was opened on 1 December 1910. Just a few months earlier, work began on a fourth line to link Wilmersdorf in the southwest to the growing Berlin U-Bahn.[6]
The early network ran mostly east to west, connecting the richer areas in and around Berlin, as these routes had been deemed the most profitable. In order to open up the network to more of the workers of Berlin, the city wanted north–south lines to be established. In 1920, the surrounding areas were annexed to form Groß-Berlin ("Greater Berlin Act"), removing the need for many negotiations, and giving the city much greater bargaining power over the private Hochbahngesellschaft ("elevated railway company"). The city also mandated that new lines would use wider carriages—running on the same, standard-gauge track—to provide greater passenger capacity; these became known as the Großprofil ("large profile") network.[citation needed]
Construction of the Nord-Süd-Bahn ("North-South railway") connecting Wedding in the north to Tempelhof and Neukölln in the south had started in December 1912, but halted for the First World War. Work resumed in 1919, although the money shortage caused by hyperinflation slowed progress considerably. On 30 January 1923, the first section opened between Hallesches Tor and Stettiner Bahnhof (Naturkundemuseum), with a continuation to Seestraße following two months later. Desperately underfunded, the new line had to use trains from the old Kleinprofil network; the carriages exits had to be widened to fill the gap to the platforms with wooden boards that passengers jokingly referred to as Blumenbretter ("boards for flower pots"). The line branched at Belle-Alliance-Straße, now (Mehringdamm); the continuation south to Tempelhof opened on 22 December 1929, the branch to Grenzallee on 21 December 1930.[citation needed]
In 1912, plans were approved for AEG to build its own north–south underground line, named the GN-Bahn after its termini, Gesundbrunnen and Neukölln, via Alexanderplatz. Financial difficulties stopped the construction in 1919; the liquidation of AEG-Schnellbahn-AG, and Berlin's commitment to the Nord-Süd-Bahn, prevented any further development until 1926. The first section opened on 17 July 1927 between Boddinstraße and Schönleinstraße, with the intermediate Hermannplatz becoming the first station at which passengers could transfer between two different Großprofil lines. The completed route was opened on 18 April 1930. Before control of the U-Bahn network was handed over completely to the BVG in 1929, the Hochbahngesellschaft started construction on a final line that, in contrast to its previous lines, was built as part of the Großprofil network. The major development was stopped in 1930.[citation needed]
The seizure of power by the National Socialists brought many changes that affected Germany, including the U-Bahn. Most notably, the new national flag was hung in every station, and two of the stations were renamed. Extensive plans—mostly the work of architect Albert Speer—were drawn up that included the construction of a circular line crossing the established U-Bahn lines, and new lines or extensions to many outlying districts. Despite such grand plans, no U-Bahn development occurred. In the Nazi period the only addition to Berlin's underground railways was North–South Tunnel of S-Bahn, opened 1936–1939.[citation needed]
During the Second World War, U-Bahn travel soared as car use fell, and many of the underground stations were used as air-raid shelters; however, Allied bombs damaged or destroyed large parts of the U-Bahn system. Although the damage was usually repaired fairly quickly, the reconstructions became more difficult as the war went on. Eventually, on 25 April 1945, the whole system ground to a halt when the power station supplying the network failed. Upon unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany following the Battle for Berlin there were 437 damaged points and 496 damaged vehicles.[citation needed]
The war had damaged or destroyed much of the network; however, 69.5 km (43.2 mi) of track and 93 stations were in use by the end of 1945, and the reconstruction was completed in 1950.[7] Nevertheless, the consequent division of Berlin into East and West sectors brought further changes to the U-Bahn. Although the network spanned all sectors, and residents had freedom of movement, West Berliners increasingly avoided the Soviet sector and, from 1953, loudspeakers on the trains gave warnings when approaching the border, where passage of East Germans into the Western sectors also became subject to restrictions imposed by their government. There was a general strike on 17 June 1953 which closed the sections of the Berlin U-Bahn that traveled through East Berlin. Just after the strike, on the following day, train service on the line A was resumed and the service C was resumed to provide connections to Nordbahnhof and Friedrichstraße.[7]
Between 1953 and 1955, the 200-Kilometre-Plan was drawn up, detailing the future development of the U-Bahn, which would grow to 200 km (124.3 mi). Extending the C line to run from Tegel to Alt-Mariendorf was considered the highest priority: the northern extension to Tegel was opened on 31 May 1958. In order to circumvent East Berlin, and provide rapid-transport connections to the densely populated areas in Steglitz, Wedding, and Reinickendorf, a third north–south line was needed. The first section of line G was built between Leopoldplatz and Spichernstraße, with the intention of extending it at both ends. It had been planned to open the G line on 2 September 1961, but an earlier opening on 28 August was forced by the announcement of the construction of the Berlin Wall.[7]
The next crisis was followed by the Berlin Wall construction on 13 August 1961, which had split the city between east and west. The U2 was split into two sections, and for the north–south lines, trains were not allowed to stop for passengers and become Geisterbahnhöfe ("ghost stations"),[7] patrolled by armed East-German border guards. Only at Friedrichstraße, a designated border crossing point, were passengers allowed to disembark. A further consequence over the years is that most of the Berlin S-Bahn passengers boycotted the Deutsche Reichsbahn, and transferred to the U-Bahn with numerous expansion.[7]
From 9 November 1989, following months of unrest, the travel restrictions placed upon East Germans were lifted. Tens of thousands of East Berliners heard the statement live on television and flooded the border checkpoints, demanding entry into West Berlin. Jannowitzbrücke, a former ghost station, was reopened two days later as an additional crossing point. It was the first station to be reopened after the opening of the Berlin Wall. Other stations, Rosenthaler Platz and Bernauer Straße on the U8 soon followed suit; and by 1 July 1990, all border controls were removed. In the decade following reunification, only three short extensions were made to U-Bahn lines.[7]
In the 1990s some stations in the eastern portion of the city still sported bullet-riddled tiles at their entrances, a result of World War II battle damage during the Battle of Berlin. These were removed by 21 December 2004.[citation needed]
U-Bahn network
[edit]
Routes
[edit]
Main article: Berlin U-Bahn infrastructure
The U-Bahn has nine lines:
Line Route Opened Length Stations Color Uhlandstraße – Warschauer Straße 1902–1926 8.814 km (5.477 mi) 13 RAL 6018 Pankow – Ruhleben 1902–2000 20.716 km (12.872 mi) 29 RAL 2002 Krumme Lanke – Warschauer Straße 1902–1929 18.948 km (11.774 mi) 24 RAL 6016 Nollendorfplatz – Innsbrucker Platz 1910 2.864 km (1.780 mi) 5 RAL 1023 Hauptbahnhof – Hönow 1930–2020 22.081 km (13.720 mi) 26 RAL 8007 Alt-Tegel – Alt-Mariendorf 1923–1966 19.888 km (12.358 mi) 29 RAL 4005 Rathaus Spandau – Rudow 1924–1984 31.760 km (19.735 mi) 40 RAL 5012 Wittenau – Hermannstraße 1927–1996 18.042 km (11.211 mi) 24 RAL 5010 Rathaus Steglitz – Osloer Straße 1961–1976 12.523 km (7.781 mi) 18 RAL 2003
Stations
[edit]
For a more comprehensive list, see List of Berlin U-Bahn stations.
Among Berlin's 170 U-Bahn stations[1] there are many with especially striking architecture or unusual design characteristics:
Hermannplatz station resembles something of a U-Bahn cathedral. The platform area is 7 metres (23 ft 0 in) high, 132 metres (433 ft 1 in) long and 22 metres (72 ft 2 in) wide. It was built in connection with the construction of the first North-South Line (Nord-Süd-Bahn), now the U8. The architecturally important department store Karstadt adjacent to the station, was being constructed at the same time. Karstadt contributed a large sum of money towards the decoration of the station and was in return rewarded with direct access from the station to the store. Hermannplatz was also the first U-Bahn station in Berlin to be equipped with escalators. Today, Hermannplatz is a busy interchange between the U7 and U8.
Alexanderplatz station is another of the more notable U-Bahn stations in Berlin, and is an important interchange between three lines (U2, U5 and U8). The first part of the station was opened in 1913 along with an extension of today's U2 line. In the 1920s Alexanderplatz was completely redesigned, both above and below ground. The U-Bahn station was expanded to provide access to the new D (today's U8) and E (today's U5) lines, then under construction. The result was a station with a restrained blue-grey tiled colour-scheme and Berlin's first underground shopping facilities, designed by Alfred Grenander. Over the last few years Alexanderplatz station has, in stages, been restored; the work was due to be finished in 2007.
Wittenbergplatz station is also unusually designed. It opened in 1902 as a simple station with two side platforms, designed to plans created by Paul Wittig. The station was completely redesigned by Alfred Grenander in 1912, with five platform faces, accommodating two new lines, one to Dahlem on today's (U3), and the other to Kurfürstendamm, today's Uhlandstraße (Berlin U-Bahn) on the (U1). A provision for a sixth platform was included but has never been completed. The redesign also featured a new entrance building, which blended into the grand architectural styles of Wittenbergplatz and the nearby KaDeWe department store. The interior of the entrance building was again rebuilt after considerable war damage during World War II, this time in a contemporary 1950s style. This lasted until the early 1980s when the interior was retro-renovated back into its original style. Wittenbergplatz station was presented with a London style "Roundel type" station sign in 1952, the 50th Anniversary of the Berlin U-Bahn. Today's station is an interchange station between the U1, U2 and U3 lines.
The name of the Gleisdreieck (rail triangle) station is reminiscent of a construction which can only be imagined today. The wye was built in the opening year 1902. Plans for a redesign were made soon after, because the wye was already obsolete. An accident on 26 September 1908, which claimed 18 to 21 lives, was the final straw. The redesign and expansion of the transfer station, during which the station was still used, took until 1912. After World War II the station was put back into service on 21 October 1945 (lower platform) and 18 November 1945 (upper platform). However, service was interrupted again by the construction of the Berlin Wall. From 1972 onwards no trains ran on the lower platform, because servicing the U2 was no longer profitable due to the parallel traffic on the U1. The lower platform was reactivated in 1983, when the test line of the M-Bahn was built from the Gleisdreieck to the Kemperplatz station. It was broken down again after the fall of the Berlin Wall, since it obstructed parts of the reopened U2. Since 1993 the U1 and U2 trains both service the station again.
Tickets
[edit]
Berlin public transit passes are available from many places, automated and non-automated, from BVG, Bahn, and authorized third-parties. The Ring-Bahn Line and the other S-Bahn lines are included, as are all U-Bahn lines, buses, trams, ferries, and most trains within the city limits: tickets are valid for all transportation considered part of the Berlin-Regional public transit system.
The Berlin U-Bahn mostly runs on an honor system and has been noted for its relative lack of turnstiles in its stations; instead transportation agents will inspect tickets and fine fare evaders.[8]
Ride-passes (tickets) are available in fare classes: Adult and Reduced. Children between the ages of six and 14 and large dogs qualify for the reduced fare. Children below the age of six and small dogs travel free. There are senior discounts in the form of an annual ticket. Residents who have applied for and received a German Disability Identification card confirming 80% or more disability (ID's available from the Versorgungsamt, German Disability Office), can ride without a pass, including an additional person (as a helper). The disability identification card must be in the owner's possession when traveling.
With unemployment in the east averaging 15%, another common fare class in Berlin is the S(ocial)-Class. These identification cards are cleared through the normal government offices, then fulfilled at a BVG ride-pass non-automated location. Provided either by the Job Center (Arbeitsamt) for out-of-work residents or by the Sozialamt for people who cannot work or are disabled, the S-Class ride-passes normally restrict travel to the AB zones and must be renewed (a new pass purchased at a non-automated location) on the 1st of each month.
Additional passes are available for those which want to bring a bicycle on the public transit system. A bicycle-pass is included in the Student-class ride-pass, which is provided through the universities.
For small dogs which can be carried there is no additional fare requirement. For each "large dog", a reduced fare ride-pass must be purchased. Tourist ride-passes, all-day, group passes, and season passes include a dog fare.
BVG ride-passes are issued for specific periods of time, and most require validation with a stamping machine before they are first used. The validation shows the date and time of the first use, and where the ticket was validated (in code), and therefore when the ticket expires. For example, once validated, an all-day pass allows unlimited use from the time of purchase to 3:00 am the following day. Unlike most other metro systems, tickets in Berlin are not checked before entering tram, U-Bahn or S-Bahn stations. They are however checked by the bus drivers upon entering. On the tram, S-Bahn and U-Bahn, a proof-of-payment system is used: there are random spot checks inside by plain-clothed fare inspectors who have the right to demand to see each passenger's ticket. Passengers found without a ticket or an expired/invalid ticket are fined €60 per incident. The passenger may be required to pay on the spot, and is required on the spot to give a valid address to which the relevant fine notice can be mailed (it does not have to be in Germany). On the third incident, the BVG calls the offender to court, as there is now a history of 'riding without paying'.
Fare zones
Berlin is a part of the Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (Berlin-Brandenburg Transit Authority, VBB), which means ticketing and fare systems are unified with that of the surrounding state of Brandenburg. Berlin is divided into three fare zones, known as A, B, and C. Zone A is the area in the centre of Berlin and is demarcated by the S-Bahn urban rail ring line. Zone B covers the rest of the area within the city borders, and Zone C includes the immediate surroundings of Berlin. Zone C is divided into eight parts, each belonging to an administrative district. The Potsdam-Mittelmark area is included in the city district of Potsdam.
Tickets can be bought for specific fare zones, or multiple zones. Most passengers who live in Berlin buy AB fare zone tickets, while commuters coming in from the suburbs need ABC fare zone tickets. If a ticket not valid for travel in a tariff zone is checked by a ticket inspector, the passenger is subject to a fine.
Short-term tickets
Single-journey tickets (Einzeltickets) are issued for use within specific fare zones, namely AB, BC, and ABC. They are only valid for two hours after validation, and cannot be extended. The BVG also offers single-day tickets (Tageskarte), which are valid for the entire day when first validated until 3 a.m. the next morning.
Long-term tickets
Long-term paper tickets are issued with validity periods of seven days (7-Tage-Karte), one month (Monatskarten), or one year (Jahreskarte). The BVG is in the process of introducing the plastic MetroCard as a yearly ticket that also has additional features. The Metrocard also permits passengers to make reservations for hire cars at specific times, for example on weekends. It is expected that plastic Metrocards without such features will also be made available as they are more durable and ecofriendly than the paper tickets.
Tourist passes
The BVG offers tickets directed specifically for non-resident tourists of Berlin called the WelcomeCard and CityTourCard [1]. WelcomeCards are valid for either 48 or 72 hours, and can be used by one adult and up to three children between the ages of six and 14. WelcomeCards are valid in fare zones ABC, and have the additional benefit of a reduction on entry fees to many museums and tourist attractions. See the Current Prices and Descriptions link for more information.
Underground facilities
[edit]
A full GSM (GSM-900 and GSM-1800) mobile phone network for Germany's four carriers is in place throughout the U-Bahn system of stations and tunnels. This system was in place by 1995 for the E-Plus network, and was one of the first metro systems in the world to allow mobile telephone use; by the late-1990s the other networks could be used in some portions as well. Since 2015, UMTS and LTE is also available for E-Plus and O2 (LTE since 2016) customers,[9] and since 2020 mobile reception in some underground sections has also been extended to Deutsche Telekom and Vodafone Germany customers, with complete reception for the latter two telcos expected to be realised by mid-2021.[10]
Many of the carriages on the U-Bahn feature small flat screen displays that feature news headlines from BZ, weekly weather forecasts, and ads for local businesses.
Most major interchange stations have large shopping concourses with banks, supermarkets, and fast food outlets.
Unused stations and tunnels
[edit]
There are several stations, platforms and tunnels that were built in preparation for future U-Bahn extensions, and others that have been abandoned following planning changes. For example, platforms have already been provided for the planned "U3" at Potsdamer Platz on the planned line to Weißensee. It is unlikely that this line, which had the working title "U3" will ever be built, so the platforms have been partially converted into a location for events and exhibitions. The line number "U3" has been used to re-number the branch to Krumme Lanke, which had been part of "U1".
Line D, today's U8, was intended to run directly under Dresdner Straße via Oranienplatz to Kottbusser Tor. This segment of tunnel was abandoned in favour of a slightly less direct route in order to provide the former Wertheim department store at Moritzplatz with a direct connection. This involved the construction of a 90-degree curve of the line between Moritzplatz and Kottbusser Tor stations. The construction of the tunnel under Dresdner Straße had only been partially completed before abandonment, leaving it with only one track. This tunnel is separated into three parts, as it was blocked by a concrete wall where it crossed the border between East and West Berlin. Another concrete wall separates this tunnel, which now houses a transformer for an electricity supplier, from the never-completed Oranienplatz Station which is located partially under the square of the same name.
Stralauer Tor was a station on the eastern bank of the Spree between Warschauer Straße and Schlesisches Tor stations. It was completely destroyed in World War II. It had been opened in 1902 and was renamed Osthafen in 1924. Today, only struts on the viaduct remain to indicate its location. In the post-Second World War period it was not thought necessary to rebuild the station, due its close proximity to the Warschauer Straße station. Also its location was directly on the border between the Soviet and American sectors. Although a Berlin map dated 1946 shows the station renamed as Bersarinstraße after the Soviet General responsible for restoring civil administration of the city, this name was used later at another location.
Nürnberger Platz station was closed on 1 July 1959. It was replaced by two new stations on either side, Augsburger Straße and an interchange station to the U9 at Spichernstraße. Today, nothing remains of the station as a third track siding was constructed in its place.
Another tunnel, which once connected the U4 to its original depot and workshop at Otzenstraße (Schöneberg), is still in existence. The connection from Innsbrucker Platz station to the depot was severed when a deep level motorway underpass was constructed in the early 1970s; however, the continuation of the tunnel at Eisackstraße is still in existence for a distance of 270 metres and now ends at the former junction to the workshop of the Schöneberg line.
Platforms at five stations, Rathaus Steglitz, Schloßstraße, Walther-Schreiber-Platz, Innsbrucker Platz, and Kleistpark, were provided for the planned but never constructed U10. The U10 platform at Kleistpark has been converted into office space for the BVG. At Schloßstraße, U9 and U10 were planned to share two directional platforms at different levels; the would-be U10 tracks have been abandoned, leaving both platforms used by U9 trains only. The other U10 platforms remain unused and are not generally open to the public.
During the construction of Adenauerplatz (U7) station, which was built in conjunction with an underpass, platforms were also provided for a planned U1 extension from Uhlandstraße to Theodor-Heuss-Platz. A short tunnel section was also constructed in front of the Internationales Congress Centrum (ICC), beneath the Messedamm/Neue Kantstraße junction. This tunnel was built concurrently with a pedestrian subway and was also intended for the planned extension of the U1. The tunnel section, approximately 60 metres (196 ft 10 in) long, ends at the location of the planned Messe station adjacent to Berlins central bus station (ZOB). The tunnel is used as a storage area for theater props.
At Jungfernheide station, double U-Bahn platforms similar to those at Schloßstraße were built for the planned extension of the U5. The unused platform sides are fenced off. The finished (U5) tunnel section which leads off towards Tegel airport is now used for firefighting exercises.
On 4 December 2020, the U5 extension between Alexanderplatz and Brandenburger Tor was opened. This included the new Unter den Linden station, which acts as a transfer point between the lines U5 and U6. Französische Straße station on the U6 was simultaneously closed due to its short distance to the new station.
Future development
[edit]
Berlin's chronic financial problems make any expansion not mandated by the Hauptstadtvertrag—the document that regulates the necessary changes to the city as the capital of Germany—unlikely. Furthermore, there is still great rivalry for construction money between the U-Bahn and the S-Bahn. After the construction boom that followed the reunification of the city, enthusiasm for further growth has cooled off; many people feel that Berlin's needs are adequately met by the present U- and S-Bahn. As of 2020, the only proposals receiving serious consideration aim to facilitate travel around the existing system, such as moving Warschauer Straße's U-Bahn station closer to its S-Bahn station.
There are several long-term plans for the U-Bahn that have no estimated time of completion, most of which involve closing short gaps between stations, enabling them to connect to other lines. This would depend on demand, and new developments in the vicinity. New construction of U-Bahn lines is frequently the subject of political discussion with the Berlin chapters of the CDU, FDP and AfD who usually advocate in favor of U-Bahn expansion while the SPD, Alliance 90/The Greens and The Left typically advocate for tram construction instead.
After the last extension of U5 opened on 4 December 2020, there are no immediate plans to expand the metro system due to lack of budgetary conditions, although there are several extensions of railway lines that can be discussed over time:
Line Stretch Projects U0 Ringlinie U0 was announced in March 2023 as per "Express Metropolis Berlin" (BVG 2050). The route will likely go along: Pankow - Antonplatz - Lichtenberg - Tierpark - Schöneweide - Alt-Mariendorf - Rathaus Steglitz - Breitenbachplatz - Westkreuz - Kaiserdamm - Jungfernheide - Hakenfelde - Urban Tech Republic - Kurt-Schumacher-Platz - Residenzstraße - Wollankstraße - Pankow. Heerstraße – Karow-Ost The segment between Uhlandstraße and Wittenbergplatz might be extended to Westkreuz, Theodor-Heuss-Platz, Gatower Straße before going to Heerstraße. There's a discussion, whether the U1 should be extended towards the Berlin Ostkreuz station, the most important and frequented S-Bahn station in all of Berlin. The line may also be extended to Frankfurter Tor, before connecting to Antonplatz, Weißensee and goes all the way to Karow-Ost. Rosenthaler Weg – Stadtrandstraße Following the extension of the U2 to Pankow in 2000, there are plans to continue on to Ossietzkyplatz and Rosenthaler Weg. CDU plans has been extended to Rosenthaler Weg. In the west, an extension is planned from Ruhleben to the U7 terminus, Rathaus Spandau with five more stations to Stadtrandstraße and Falkenhagener Field. Only the extension to Rosenthaler Weg is approved in the financial scenario 2030 of the Berlin Senate and has a real chance to be realized. Düppel-Kleinmachnow – Falkenberg For the southern extension it will take place within two phases. The first phase will be completed by 2026 and it will extend the U3 towards the Berlin Mexikoplatz station which is shorter part and is 700m. In December 2022, the State of Berlin has advertised feasibility study. A central platform west of Mexikoplatz, is planned with three-track parking and turning system connected to the platform. There are plans to integrate the transition between the two modes of transport into S-Bahn infrastructure. The second phase, although it will only happen in the far future, will be to extend the U3 to Bahnhof Düppel, Düppel-Kleinmachnow and Machnower Schleuse. There are also discussions on the U3 extension after Wittenbergplatz, to go through Potsdamer Platz and Alexanderplatz, before connecting with the S-Bahn at Greifswalder Straße, terminating for short Weißensee before going to Karow-Ost and Falkenberg. This line will be operated by driverless trains in the far future. Glambecker Ring – Appenzeller Straße In March 2023, there were plans to extend the line - to meet U11 at Hauptbahnhof via Magdeburger Straße, Tiergarten and goes straight to Hauptbahnhof, and proceeding to Glambecker Ring. The U4 will then continue alongside the failed U10 routing (previously was removed from the Berlin transport master plan and land use plans), to Lichterfelde and Appenzeller Straße via Drakestraße. Hönow – Rathaus Reinickendorf A plan to extend the line further westward from Berlin Hauptbahnhof to Tegel Airport, via Turmstraße and Jungfernheide, postponed in the long term due to budgetary constraint and closure of the airport, was later shelved in favor of a tram line alternative. In March 2023, plans to revive the line extension went forward. Alt-Tegel – Nahariyastraße After the closure of Tegel Airport, the U6 will definitely have a branch from Kurt-Schumacher-Platz and continue to the west, to Tegel Airport. A feasibility study that it will work with either U65, or completely new line, "U75" from Rathaus Reinickendorf to Jungfernheide being studied in 2020, taking over the former U5 westward extension. This was succeeded by "U0" in March 2023. Plans in March 2023 were to extend the line from Alt-Mariendorf to Nahariyastraße. Flughafen BER – Staaken It is planned to extend the U7 in the north-west to Staaken and Gatower Straße. Due to budgetary situation of the Berlin Senate, the extension is not expected before the year 2050.
There were discussions on U7's extension from Rudow to Berlin-Brandenburg Airport via Rudow-Süd for a very long time. These plans had already been shelved as the expected patronage was not deemed high enough to justify such an expansion.
Buckow-Süd – Märkisches Viertel In the north, an extension to the large housing estate named Märkisches Viertel is discussed. As this would only require a 1.2-kilometer extension, this would be a cheap means of expansion for the U8 past its current end point, Wittenau. However, there has been no concrete planning lately for this addition. Buckower Chaussee – Pankow-Heinersdorf Plans in March 2023 were to extend the line from Rathaus Steglitz to Lankwitz and Buckower Chaussee, and also extend the line from Osloer Straße, via Pankow-Kirche to Pankow-Heinersdorf. Falkenberg – Drakestraße U10 was in former 200-km plans since 1955. However, the route goes from Falkenberg, to Weißensee, then to Potsdamer Platz, followed by turning towards Innsbrucker Platz and Rathaus Stegliz, in order to go Drakestraße (Lichterfelde). Planning for the U10 was officially removed from the Berlin transport master plan in 2003 (Measures 2015), and it is no longer considered part of the public transport network master plan through at least 2030. Nevertheless, the line remains part of Berlin's Land-use plan since 1994, which means that new construction works along the planned route have to accommodate the eventuality of such a line.
Berlin Transport Minister Manja Schreiner (CDU) and Economy Minister Franziska Giffey (SPD) have underlined the local government's plans to extend the ends of each of the city's nine underground lines so that they reach the city's limits with the neighbouring state of Brandenburg.
"We must radically extend all the U-Bahn lines," Giffey told the Tagesspiegel newspaper. "We must offer Berliners a vision as to which routes we will tackle first," Schreiner added. Speaking to the dpa, Schreiner added that "Masterplan 2030" was crucial for many reasons: "More public transport means better climate protection, a better quality of life and more suitable mobility for everyone in the city."
Here's how the city plans to expand Berlin's nine existing underground lines - as well as building an additional two lines to serve travellers:
Ringlinie U0 - The outer Ringbahn This is perhaps the biggest part of the project and one that will impact the most people. While Berlin's current Ringbahn - a circular line which rides an hour-long stretch around the city, connects U-Bahn lines to each other about mid-way through their routes - the local government plans for the U0 Ringlinie to connect the ends of each U-Bahn line that sprawls to near the outskirts of the city.
Since this part of the expansion project is particularly ambitious, it may be many, many years before you can step onto a U0 Ringlinie train.
U1 - Spandau to Weißensee Currently, the U1 is simply a horizontal route which connects the east and west of central Berlin. Under the new plans, the U1 will reach Heerstraße in Spandau at one end and run through to Antonplatz in Weißensee at the other. With the plans, Antonplatz is set to become a new connection hotspot, where the U0 Ringlinie, the U1 and U3 will intersect.
U2 - Spandau to Pankow This line will be expanded again into Spandau and towards the northeast to Pankow. The final stop in the northeast will be Pankow Kirche in the Pankow Altstadt.
U3 - Zehlendorf / Kleinmachnow to Falkenberg This will be the only U-Bahn line that may even cross outside Berlin's borders with Brandenburg, reaching into Düppel-Kleinmachnow.
For now, though, the plans are just for the line to be extended to Mexikoplatz (S1), which reaches the border of Schlachtensee. If the funding is secured, the expected five-year-long construction process should begin swiftly and the U3 could reach Mexikoplatz by 2030.
U4 - Lichterfelde to Marzahn This line will connect two very different parts of Berlin in what will be the biggest line extension of the project by far. At the moment the U4 is Berlin's baby U-Bahn line; the yellow one that stretches a modest four stops between Innsbrucker Platz and Nollendorfplatz without leaving the central southwest of the city.
Under the new plans, the line will be hugely extended at both ends, ultimately connecting Lichterfelde to Marzahn.
U5 - Charlottenburg to Hönow Only recently was the U5 extended from Alexanderplatz to Hauptbahnhof and the line is already set for another development, but one not quite as ambitious as the U4 development.
Since the U5 already reaches quite far on its eastern side, to Hönow, it will only be extended in the west and even then only to Jungfernheide, the Ringbahn station that lies in northern Charlottenburg.
U6 - Tegel to Lichtenrade As with the U5, the U6 will only be extended at one end of the line, in the south of the city. The new line will continue to run from Alt-Tegel, but instead of ending its journey at Alt-Mariendorf, will continue on to Naharlystraße in Lichtenrade.
U7 - Spandau to BER Airport Already one of the city's longer U-Bahn routes, the U7 will be extended from Rathaus Spandau in the west, adding a new stop so it comes to meet the new U1 line at its terminal. In the southeast, the train will basically replace the current X7 bus route, which runs from Rudow to BER Airport.
U8 - Reinickendorf to Buckow One of Berlin's most infamous lines, shamelessly voted to have the highest number of "disgusting" stations, the northern part of U8 will be expanded from Wittenau to reach the Märkisches Viertel in Reinickendorf. In the south, it will extend from Hermannstraße to Buckow-Süd.
U9 - Pankow to Buckow Another of Berlin's most important north-south lines, the U9 will see considerable expansion at both ends. In the north the orange line will extend out from Wedding into Pankow and, in the south, the line will go quite far south of Steglitz to reach Buckower Chausee, south of Tempelhof-Schöneberg.
U10 - Alexanderplatz to Weißensee And a new addition! The highly-awaited U10 should run from Alexanderplatz to Weißensee. Portions of the U10 have remained under the city's streets since the plans for the line were scrapped in the 1970s, earning it the name Phantomlinie (Phantom line). And when the U5 line was extended to Hauptbahnhof in 2020 an extra platform was built at U-Bahnhof Rotes Rathaus with the future U10 in mind.
New U-Bahn stops to expect on the U10 line are; Am Friedrichshain, Marienburger Straße, Danziger Straße, Greifswalder Straße, Gürtelstraße and Falkenberger Straße - but don't get too excited, the funds are yet to be secured for this one.
Rolling stock
[edit]
The Berlin U-Bahn uses 750-volt DC electric trains that run on standard gauge (1,435 mm ( 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) ) tracks. The first trains were based on trams; they have a width of 2.30 m (7 ft 6+9⁄16 in), and take their power from an upward facing third rail. To accommodate greater passenger numbers without lengthening the trains—which would require costly extended platforms—trains that ran on lines built after World War I were required to be wider. The original trains and lines, which continued to operate, were designated Kleinprofil (small profile), and the newer, wider trains and lines were designated Großprofil (large profile). Großprofil trains are 2.65 m (8 ft 8+5⁄16 in) wide, and take their power from a downward facing third rail. This is similar to New York City's A Division and B Division systems, where the B Division trains are wider than A Division trains (though B Division trains are also longer, while Großprofil trains are generally about the same length as Kleinprofil ones).
Although the two profiles are generally incompatible, Kleinprofil trains have been modified to run on Großprofil lines during three periods of economic difficulty. Between 1923 and 1927 on the Nord-Süd-Bahn, and between 1961 and 1978 on the E line, adapted Kleinprofil trains were used to compensate for the lack of new Großprofil trains: they were widened with wooden boards to reach the platforms; and had their power pickups adapted to accept power from the negatively charged downward-facing third rail, instead of positively charged upward-facing third rail. As of 2017, Class IK Kleinprofil trains are in operation on the Großprofil line U5, after refurbishing the existing F79 rolling stock was deemed unfeasible. They were widened with metal boards by 17.5 cm (6.9 in) on each side and elevated by 7.5 cm (3.0 in) to close the gap to the platforms; their power pickups were designed reversible to work on both profiles. As of October 2019, IK rolling stock is still used on the U5; it is intended to move the trains to Kleinprofil lines once new Großprofil rolling stock has been delivered.
As of 2007, Kleinprofil trains run on the U1, U2, U3, U4 and U5 lines; and Großprofil trains operate on the U5, U55, U6, U7, U8, and U9 routes.
Kleinprofil (small profile)
[edit]
Kleinprofil trains are 2.30 m (7 ft 6+9⁄16 in) wide, and 3.10 m (10 ft 2+1⁄16 in) high. When the U-Bahn opened in 1902, forty-two multiple units, and twenty-one railroad cars, with a top speed of 50 km/h (31.1 mph), had been built at the Warschauer Brücke workshop. In contrast to the earlier test vehicles, seating was placed along the walls, facing inward, which was considered more comfortable. Until 1927, U-Bahn trains had smoking compartments and third-class carriages. The trains were first updated in 1928; A-II carriages were distinguished by only having three windows, and two sliding doors.
After the division of the city, West Berlin upgraded its U-Bahn trains more rapidly than did East Berlin. The A3 type, introduced in 1960, was modelled on the Großprofil D type, and received regular modifications every few years. Meanwhile, A-I and A-II trains operated exclusively in East Berlin until 1975, when G-I trains, which had a top speed of 70 km/h (43.5 mph), started to travel the Thälmannplatz–Pankow route. These were superseded in 1988 by the G-I/1 type, which used couplings that were incompatible with the older G-I carriages.
Following reunification, the A3L type was again upgraded as the A3L92. In 2000, prototypes for a Kleinprofil variant of the H series were built; the HK, the first Kleinprofil type to use AC induction motors like their large counterparts, differs from its Großprofil counterpart by not being fully interconnected—carriages are only interconnected within each of the two half-trains.
As of 2005, only trains of the HK, G-I/1 and A3(U/L) types are in active service.
From 2017, new IK-type trains will enter service to replace the remaining examples of type A3L71. Like HK-type trains they will be interconnected and as a result of their regenerative braking will recuperate up to 20% of the energy they require.[11]
Kleinprofil train types 1901–1945 West Berlin 1945–1990 East Berlin 1945–1990 1990— 1901–1904 A-I 1960–1961 A3-60 1974 G 1993–1995 A3L92 1906–1913 1964 A3-64 1978–1983 G-I 2005–2006 HK 1924–1926 1966 A3-66 1983 G-II 2014 IK15 1928–1929 A-II 1966 A3L66 1986–1989 G-I/1 2018–2019 IK18 1967–1968 A3L67 1972–1973 A3L71 1982–1983 A3L82
Großprofil (large profile)
[edit]
Großprofil trains are 2.65 m (8 ft 8+5⁄16 in) wide, and 3.40 m (11 ft 1+7⁄8 in) high. The first sixteen multiple units and eight ordinary carriages entered active service on the Nord-Süd-Bahn in 1924, after a year of using modified Kleinprofil trains. Designated B-I, the cars were 13.15 m (43 ft 1+11⁄16 in) long and each had three sliding doors; the large elliptical windows at the front of the train earned them the nickname, Tunneleulen (tunnel owls). Upgraded B-II trains were introduced in 1927, and continued to be used until 1969. The first 18-metre-long (59 ft 11⁄16 in) C-I trains were trialled in 1926, and two upgrades were produced before the end of the decade. The first U-Bahn trains to use aluminium in their construction, the C-IV types, were introduced in 1930. Many C-type trains were seized by Soviet forces in 1945, to be used in the Moscow Metro.
The first D-type trains, manufactured in 1957, were built from steel, making them very heavy and less efficient; however, the DL type that followed from 1965 used metals that were less dense, allowing a 26% reduction in weight. In East Berlin, D-type trains bought from the BVG were designated D-I. Difficulties there in trying to develop an E series of trains led, in 1962, to the conversion of S-Bahn type 168 trains for use on the E line. These E-III trains were desperately needed at the time to allow modified Kleinprofil trains to return to the increasingly busy A line but, following reunification, high running costs led to their retirement in 1994.
In West Berlin, the successor to the D-type was the F-type, which debuted in 1973. They varied from other models in having seats that were perpendicular to the sides of the train; from 1980, they also became the first U-Bahn trains to use three-phase electricity. In 1995, the original seating arrangement returned as the H series took up service. H-type trains are characterised by the interconnection of carriages throughout the length of the train; and they can only be removed from the tracks at main service depots.
As of 2005, only F, H, and a variation of the IK-type trains are in active service.
Großprofil train types 1901–1945 West Berlin 1945–1990 East Berlin 1945–1990 1990— 1923–1927 A-IK 1955–1965 D 1956–1957 E-I 1990–1991 F90 1945–1968 1965–1966 DL65 1962–1990 E-III 1992–1993 F92 1924–1928 B-I 1968–1970 DL68 1994–1995 H95 1926–1927 C-I 1970–1973 DL70 1997–1999 H97 1927–1929 B-II 1973–1975 F74 2000–2002 H01 1929 C-II 1976–1978 F76 2017 IK17 1930 C-III 1979–1981 F79 2020 IK20 1930–1931 C-IV 1984–1985 F84 1987–1988 F87
Depots
[edit]
Depots of the Berlin U-Bahn fall into one of two classes: main workshops (German: Hauptwerkstätten, abbreviated as Hw); and service workshops (German: Betriebswerkstätten, abbreviated Bw). The main workshops are the only places where trains can be lifted from the tracks; they are used for the full inspections required every few years, and for any major work on trains. The service workshops only handle minor repairs and maintenance, such as replacing windows, or removing graffiti.
As of 2005, the only dedicated Kleinprofil depot is at Grunewald (Hw Gru/Bw Gru), which opened on 21 January 1913. The first Großprofil depot opened at Seestraße (Hw See/Bw See) in 1923, to service the Nord-Süd-Bahn. It has 17 tracks—2 for the main workshop, and 15 for the service workshop—but its inner-city location prevents any further expansion. Due to BVG budget cuts, the Seestraße depot also services Kleinprofil trains. Two further Großprofil service workshops are located at Friedrichsfelde (Bw Fri), and Britz-Süd (Bw Britz).
In the past, there were other workshops. The first opened in 1901 at Warschauer Brücke, and was the construction site for most of the early U-Bahn trains. The division of the U-Bahn network on 13 August 1961 forced its closure, although it was reopened in 1995 as a storage depot. A small depot operated at Krumme Lanke between 22 December 1929 and 1 May 1968; and, while the network was split, East Berlin's U-Bahn used the S-Bahn depot at Schöneweide, along with a small service workshop at Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz, which was closed following reunification.
Accidents
[edit]
The Berlin U-Bahn ranks among the safest modes of transport: its history features few accidents.[citation needed]
The most severe accident occurred at the original Gleisdreieck (rail triangle), where the main and branch lines were connected by switches that allowed the tracks to cross. On 26 September 1908, a train driver missed a stop signal. As a result, two trains collided at the junction, and one fell off the viaduct. The accident killed eighteen people, and severely injured another twenty-one. Gleisdreieck's triangular layout had already been deemed unsuitable for future developments; this incident—and a later, less-serious one—triggered its reconstruction as a multi-level station, starting in 1912.[citation needed]
On 30 June 1965, a train with brake failure stopped on the G line—today's U9—between Zoologischer Garten and Hansaplatz. Unaware of the faulty train, a mechanic working at the Zoologischer Garten signal tower noticed that the signal for the affected section had been set to "Stop" for a long time. Thinking it was a fault of his, after several attempts he manually overrode the signal, in defiance of regulations that strictly prohibited such actions. The following train, which had been waiting at Zoologischer Garten, then left the station on the same track. With emergency brakes unable to prevent the accident, the two trains collided. One passenger was killed in the crash, and 97 were injured. The mechanic was fined 600,000 DM.[citation needed]
Fires can be particularly dangerous and damaging within an underground system. In October 1972, two trains and a 200 m (656 ft 2 in) length of tunnel were completely destroyed when the trains caught fire; the reconstructed tunnel is clearly distinguishable from the old one. Another train burned out in the connecting tunnel between Klosterstraße and Alexanderplatz in 1987. On 8 July 2000, the last car of a GI/I train suffered a short circuit, burning out at the rear of the Deutsche Oper station. The single exit of the station was unreachable, forcing the passengers to run through the tunnel to reach the next emergency exit. The fire also damaged the station, which remained closed until that September.[citation needed] The Portuguese Ambassador, João Diogo Nunes Barata, presented the BVG with azulejos (tiled paintings), specially designed for the station, by the artist José de Guimarães.[12] Installation of Portugal's gift to the city was completed on 30 October 2002.
As a consequence of the Deutsche Oper incident, BVG decided to post an employee at every station with only one exit until a second exit could be built. Over the following few years, many of those stations—including Britz-Süd, Schillingstraße, Viktoria-Luise-Platz, Uhlandstraße, and Theodor-Heuss-Platz—were retrofitted with additional exits. By June 2008, the only remaining stations with no second exit, Konstanzer Straße and Rudow, had been fitted with second exits.[13] Despite these changes, several passenger organisations—such as Pro Bahn, and IGEB—demand that stations with exits in the middle of the platform also be fitted with additional emergency exits. Many stations are built this way; meeting those demands would place a heavy financial burden on both the BVG and the city.[citation needed]
The U6 saw a particularly costly, though casualty-free, incident on 25 March 2003. Scheduled repair work on the line limited the normal service to between Alt-Mariendorf and Kurt-Schumacher-Platz; one train then shuttled back and forth between Kurt-Schumacher-Platz and Holzhauser Straße, sharing a platform at Kurt-Schumacher-Platz with the normal-service trains departing for their return journey to Alt-Mariendorf. Needing to pass several stop signals on the shuttle service, the driver had been given special instructions how to proceed. Unfortunately, he ignored the signal at the entry to Kurt-Schumacher-Platz, and ploughed into the side of a train heading back to Alt-Mariendorf. The impact wrecked both trains, and caused considerable damage to the tracks. Normal service did not resume for two days, and the removal of the two wrecked trains—which, surprisingly, could still roll along the tracks—also took nearly 48 hours.[citation needed]
Films, music and merchandising
[edit]
The Berlin U-Bahn has appeared in numerous films and music videos. Offering access to stations, tunnels, and trains, the BVG cooperates with film-makers, although a permit is required.[14]
Whether set in Berlin or elsewhere, the U-Bahn has had at least a minor role in a large number of movies and television programmes, including Emil and the Detectives (2001), Otto – Der Film (1985), Bang! You're Dead! [de] (1987) featuring Ingolf Lück, Run Lola Run (1998), and several Tatort episodes. The previously unused Reichstag station was used to shoot scenes of the movies Resident Evil and Equilibrium. The U-Bahn station Messe was used as coverage in the films Hanna and The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2.[citation needed]
Möbius 17, by Frank Esher Lämmer and Jo Preussler from Berlin, tells the story of an U-Bahn train that, caught in a Möbius strip, travels through alternate universes after a new line is built.
Alexanderplatz station plays an essential role in Berlin Alexanderplatz—a film of thirteen hour-long chapters and one epilogue—produced in 1980 by Rainer Werner Fassbinder, based on the book by Döblin. The film's scenes feature a recreation of the station as it was in 1928—rather darker and dirtier than in the 21st century. In the surrealistic two-hour epilogue, Fassbinder transforms parts of the station into a slaughterhouse where people are killed and dissected.
Since 2001, the Berlin U-Bahn has hosted the annual short-film festival Going Underground. Short films (up to 90 seconds long) are shown on the monitors found in many of the U-Bahn trains.[15] Passengers on board vote for the festival winner.
Sandy Mölling, former singer of the pop band No Angels, shot the video for her single "Unnatural Blonde" in the U-Bahn station Deutsche Oper. Kate Ryan, Overground, Böhse Onkelz, Xavier Naidoo, Die Fantastischen Vier, and the DJ duo Blank & Jones have all used the U-Bahn and its stations for their videos as well.
"Linie 1", a musical performed by Berlin's Grips-Theater, is set completely in stations and trains of the Berlin U-Bahn; a movie version has also been produced.
In 2002, the BVG cooperated with design students in a project to create underwear with an U-Bahn theme, which, in English, they named "Underwear". They used the names of real stations that, in the context of underwear, appeared to be mild sexual double entendres: men's underpants bore labels with Rohrdamm (pipe dam), Onkel Toms Hütte (Uncle Tom's Cabin), and Krumme Lanke (crooked lake); the women's had Gleisdreieck (triangle track), and Jungfernheide (virgin heath). After the first series sold out quickly, several others were commissioned, such as Nothammer (emergency hammer), and Pendelverkehr (shuttle service; though Verkehr also means "intercourse" and Pendel also means "pendulum"). They were withdrawn from sale in 2004.
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]
Bibliography
[edit]
Brian Hardy: The Berlin U-Bahn, Capital Transport, 1996, ISBN 1-85414-184-8
Ulf Buschmann: U-Bahnhöfe Berlin. Berlin Underground Stations. Berlin Story Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-86368-027-5
Jan Gympel: U-Bahn Berlin – Reiseführer. GVE-Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-89218-072-5
AG Berliner U-Bahn: Zur Eröffnung der elektrischen Hoch-und Untergrundbahn in Berlin. GVE-Verlag, Berlin 2002, ISBN 3-89218-077-6
Jürgen Meyer-Kronthaler und Klaus Kurpjuweit: Berliner U-Bahn – In Fahrt seit Hundert Jahren. be.bra Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-930863-99-5
Petra Domke und Markus Hoeft: Tunnel Gräben Viadukte – 100 Jahre Baugeschichte der Berliner U-Bahn. kulturbild Verlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-933300-00-2
Ulrich Lemke und Uwe Poppel: Berliner U-Bahn. alba Verlag, Düsseldorf, ISBN 3-87094-346-7
Robert Schwandl: Berlin U-Bahn Album. Alle 192 Untergrund- und Hochbahnhöfe in Farbe. Robert Schwandl Verlag, Berlin Juli 2002, ISBN 3-936573-01-8
Jürgen Meyer-Kronthaler: Berlins U-Bahnhöfe – Die ersten hundert Jahre. be.bra Verlag, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-930863-16-2
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2021-06-28T00:00:00
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Everyone knows the Brandenburg Gate, that iconic symbol of Berlin, known in German as Das Brandenburger Tor. You can see a detail of it on the front page of this blog. But it wasn't until I started looking more deeply at the names of some of the subway stops on Berlin's astonishing public transportation system…
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en
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https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico
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Berlin Byways
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https://berlin-byways.blog/2021/06/28/a-brush-with-brandenburg/
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Everyone knows the Brandenburg Gate, that iconic symbol of Berlin, known in German as Das Brandenburger Tor. You can see a detail of it on the front page of this blog. But it wasn’t until I started looking more deeply at the names of some of the subway stops on Berlin’s astonishing public transportation system that the nickel finally dropped. Hallesche Tor, Schlesisches Tor, Kottbusser Tor, Frankfurter Tor, and Oranienburger Tor. What was the deal with all these Tors that today are….just grubby uBahn stations smelling of doner kebaps?
Well, of course, the word “tor” (which means gate) implies a wall, standard in medieval cities, and then the name of the gate…indicates the city that could be reached if one were only to walk through the Tor and… just keep walking, often for quite a while. Hallesche for the city of Halle to the southwest, Schlesisches for region of Silesia to the east, Kottbusser for the city of Kottbus (now Cottbus) to the southeast, Frankfurter for Frankfurt Oder, directly east, Oranienburger for Oranienburg to the north….and therefore ergo ipso facto Brandenburger for…the city of Brandenburg to the west, now the name of a state (Land) and the new local airport as well.
Long warm days and lower virus rates have, of course, put me in the mood to ramble, so one bright Saturday recently I took my very first train ride in a year and a half and meandered down to Brandenburg an der Havel. Wikipedia satisfied my initial curiosity by confirming old (established in 950 or so), lots of crazy history, good architecture, and, at 70,000 souls or so, easy to manage in an afternoon.
The initial opinion wasn’t great – the main train station pulls in across from a health center and a rehab facility so ugly that only their mothers could love them. I tried not to turn right around and head straight back, but before long a helpful little set of signs appeared that seemed to indicate better sights ahead:
And indeed the yellow brick road brought me over the first little branch of Brandenburg’s complicated waterway system and into a part of town that looked more promising. Brandenburg is actually three rather distinct parts: Neustadt (the first bit I came to; “neu” meaning from 1186); the Altstadt, only a few years older, and the Dominsel (Cathedral Island). The division comes from the course of the Havel River and its smaller cousins that run through the city.
My first stop was the State Museum of Archeology, no shock to most of you, which is cunningly located in the medieval abbey of St. Pauli, brilliantly repurposed. As is my want, I dashed through thousands of years of human history, pausing only briefly at the fascinating exhibits about the arrival of the Slavs into this region between the Elbe and Oder Rivers around the seventh century (which had been vacated by the local Germanic tribes a bit earlier, no one knows why). I’ve mentioned this before, and now I am happy I can show you a map that clears up all the confusion, clarifying where all the churches and forts came to be:
Clear? Good. Moving along, here’s a shot of what was apparently the unique circular building style used for defense of the various tribes in the region. Photographic evidence suggests that here are still many of these lying spread across the local landscapes, buried under a bit of earth, that are still yet to be explored:
But the clock was ticking and I had to leave the momentos of the past for the pleasures of the moment. I found my way to the Hauptstrasse in hopes of finding signs of life, and was pleased to see a little local color and conviviality on a beautiful afternoon:
I was fascinated to see some civic classical adornment of what must have been the headquarters of the main utility provider in town for a while. The three figures are titled “Light,” “Power” (or energy) and “Heat.”
A little further down along the Strasse, I saw a type of shop I have never seen before – that of an accordion maker and repairer. Since I am currently espoused to a craftsman, I appreciated this sight perhaps more than I would have some years ago. You can’t see much except the little red guy in the center and the erstwhile photog, but believe me, accordion makers and repairmen aren’t just everywhere:
Much of the city seemed quite deserted to me. This is a pattern in many of the formerly East German cities within a two-hour radius of Berlin – after the unification, local industries were determined to be not up to snuff economically and environmentally and simply closed down. Thousands lost jobs and many relocated. These lovely little cities with long noble histories have been trying for decades to redefine themselves, some more successfully than others. But a street like this one below reminded me more of Hungary or Slovakia than a short ride outside of Berlin:
I crossed another bridge, this time the Havel itself, and found myself in the Altstadt.
Before we go any further, though, I have to fill you in on the bare facts. Brandenburg was founded in the 10th century when a local Slavic settlement was conquered. Control of the city went back and forth for a few centuries, often being held by a Scythian or a Pole until finally one of the Wends (another Slavic tribe) converted to Christianity and thus was granted the city. In the 14th century Brandenburg joined the Hanseatic League; during the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) the city lost so much power that Potsdam became the new capital of the region. In the 19th century a lot of industrial manufacturing entered the region due to its water accessibility; there was a most distressing concentration camp here during the Second World War where the Nazis experimented with various forms of evilness. (Look it up if you have to.) That’s in in a nutshell.
My first stop was the Altstädtsches Rathaus mit Roland, the Oldtown City Hall with Roland. Roland, a loyal vassel of Charlemagne, hadn’t always stood here, he had originally graced the city hall in the new town from about the year 1402 or so. But his former home became a military parade ground and Roland was in the way, as it were, so he was moved to his current location in 1716.
Nearby, another rather curious figure:
This is one of the (locally) famous “Ausgewilderte Waldmöpse,” or “Wild Forest Pugs,” apparently a beloved motif. I’m told there are 20 or so of them about the town (think dwarves in Wroclaw and dragons in Krakow). I only glimpsed this one; perhaps they are a bit timid with strangers…
My next stop was the St. Gotthardtkirke, a beautiful Gothic pile which, along with St. Katharinen and the Cathedral, are the main churches in town. You’ve seen plenty of churches if you’ve been following along with me, so I’ll just add some more personal notes. When I entered the church, off to the left-hand side I saw a lovely little room for personal reflection. I was absolutely charmed and sat for a few moments before adding my own candle to the basin:
I entered the sanctuary and had a bit of a tour around, but of course was eventually drawn to the tower. My dear T knows I have never met a tower I didn’t love, and this one was no different. The first sight was a bit daunting, but I didn’t let it stop me; these steps clearly having been improved over the centuries with some well-placed concrete and a most sturdy rope:
…and of course after some zillions of steps I was rewarded by a perfect June panorama:
And then as I hastened to see the Cathedral Island, I thought I was clever to catch this departing shot of St. Gotthardt….
…but of course was chagrined to see that others had had precisely the same idea. Here from 1921:
The cathedral was, no surprise, another big old lovely Gothic pile in an absolutely gorgeous setting which no picture could quite capture. You have to imagine a triangle with the front of the cathedral as one leg, a set of several buildings which are now a hotel and a fantastic restaurant (I had the zanderfilet with potatoes and cucumbers, thank you) as the second leg and a third set of buildings completing the triangle with a lush grassy patch in the middle. The cathedral chimed a small carillon of multiple bells while I was eating my lunch and I thought I might just be called to the angels at that moment.
But now it was time to head back to catch the train. Just a couple shots to share how important the Havel has and is to the life and livelihood of the city. As I made my way back through the Neustadt to the train station, I passed some fish smokers plying their trade (eat in or take away) along the waterfront:
And finally, I’ll share a shot of how many of us only dream of spending our weekends:
So Brandenburg…a city with a long and fascinating history, a bit of a fall from grace after 1990, and now clearly trying to rebrand itself as a destination with something to offer almost everyone. I’m adding this to my growing list of places to explore again; here’s hoping the good times keep rolling and we all get to have some adventures for a while.
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Panorama Point Berlin
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2023-01-04T21:32:59+00:00
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Here you will find information about the sights in Berlin, such as the Berlin TV Tower - the most prominent landmark of the capital.
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en
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Panoramapunkt Berlin
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https://panoramapunkt.de/en/sights/
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The Reichstag was built between 1884 and 1894 by architect Paul Wallot. Since 1999, the Reichstag has been the seat of the German Bundestag and is now one of the most visited sights in Berlin. A particular highlight for all visitors is the glass dome.
The Reichstag building has been marked by important events in German history. The SPD politician Philipp Scheidemann proclaimed the Republic on 9 November 1918 from the balcony at the west portal. On 27 February 1933, the Reichstag was burned down, completely destroying the plenary chamber and the dome. On 30 April 1945, a red flag of the Soviet Union was hoisted by two Red Army soldiers as a symbol of victory over the Third Reich.
The severely damaged Reichstag was initially not put to any further use after the end of the war. For static reasons, the dome had to be blown up in 1957. In 1957, Paul Baumgarten began the first reconstruction work. A second phase of reconstruction followed from 1994, ending with the first session of the Bundestag on 19 April 1999. The most striking new feature of the Reichstag was the glass dome, which measures 40 metres in diameter and 23.5 metres in height.
The former city gate of Berlin was built by Friedrich Wilhelm II between 1788 and 1791 on today’s Pariser Platz. In 1793, the Quadriga designed by Johann Gottfried Schadow was placed on top of the Brandenburg Gate. After the defeat of Prussia in 1806, Napoleon took the Quadriga to Paris. However, the victory of the Alliance enabled it to be brought back in 1814. During the Second World War, the Brandenburg Gate suffered enormous damage and the Quadriga was so badly affected by the bombing that it had to be replaced by a copy in 1956 as part of the reconstruction of the gate.
With the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, the gate was situated in the middle of the restricted area and could neither be passed from the west nor from the east. During the change of regime in the GDR on 22 December 1989, the Brandenburg Gate was reopened to the cheers of more than 100,000 people.
It was restored between 2000 and 2002. After the work was completed, the passageway was closed to motorised traffic due to the enormous damage to the sandstone caused by car exhaust fumes.
According to a survey by the German National Tourist Board, the Brandenburg Gate is one of the most popular sights in Germany and thus a daily attraction for many tourists.
At 368 metres, the most prominent landmark in the capital is also the tallest building in Germany. The television tower was completed in 1969 after only 4 years of construction.
For complete and uninterrupted coverage of television reception, a powerful large transmitter with the highest possible location was required. For this purpose, a site in the Müggel mountains was first planned and construction was approved. On 13 December 1955, however, the Minister of Interior, Karl Maron, demanded that the construction work, which was already in full swing, be stopped immediately. It was discovered that the tower, with its planned 130-metre height, was on the edge of Schönefeld Airport’s flight path and could endanger air traffic.
After a new search for a location, a further construction start in Park Friedrichshain was stopped for cost reasons. According to the plan, the television tower in Friedrichshain was to be in full operation by 1964. After more than ten years of inconclusive planning, the SED party leader of the time Walter Ulbricht personally decided to build the TV Tower at Alexanderplatz in 1964.
Every year, approximately 1,000,000 visitors flock to the TV Tower to enjoy the view over Berlin or dine in the tower restaurant on the revolving level.
Once of enormous military importance, today above all a magnet for tourists: Checkpoint Charlie on Friedrichstraße in the heart of Berlin. It went down in history as the most famous border crossing in today’s capital between the years 1961 and 1990, due to the Berlin Wall. It was set up to record crossings by military personnel and foreign diplomats, among others.
Particularly significant from a historical point of view
Checkpoint Charlie was one of the three checkpoints in Berlin. Like the borders Helmstedt-Marienborn (Checkpoint Alpha) and Dreilinden-Drewitz (Checkpoint Bravo), it was controlled by the Americans.
What exactly happened at Checkpoint Charlie that its significance is still so immensely anchored in people’s minds today? The year 1961 was important for this. On 27 October, Soviet and American tanks faced each other here –carrying loaded weapons. It is known that both sides had orders to attack as soon as it was necessary.
In addition to this drastic experience, numerous escape attempts from the GDR via Checkpoint Charlie were very tragic and for this very reason are still unforgotten today. Among others, the case of Peter Fechter or that of the People’s Police officer Burkhard Niering stand for particular fates of the divided Berlin.
This historical monument of Berlin, which has existed since 1873, is located at the Großer Stern in the district of Tiergarten. The Berliners call the building, with its total height of 67 metres, the “Goldelse”. At the top, the 8.3-metre-high, gilded bronze figure of Victoria (goddess of victory in Roman mythology) rises into the sky as the focal point of the roundabout. The famous Straße des 17. Juni (Street of the 17th of June) begins here leading directly to the Brandenburg Gate. If you want to see the entire Tiergarten, the “17. Juni” (as the Berliners like to abbreviate it) and the Brandenburg Gate from above, you must only climb 285 steps. At a height of 51 metres, you will be rewarded for your athletic climb with a fantastic panoramic view from the viewing platform.
The centre of many major events in Berlin
Berlin is not called the “party capital” without reason. Berliners like to party whenever the opportunity arises – and often the Siegessäule, or the stretch between the Siegessäule and the Brandenburg Gate, is the focal point of the event. For example, the Siegessäule’s pulpit had been the venue for the closing ceremonies of the “Love Parade” every year, and the famous Fan Mile comes to life here during World and European football championships. The Victory Column and its Victoria have also played an important role in various film productions as a monumental landmark of the city.
The war is history – the Victory Column has history
The “Goldelse” was erected as a national monument for the Wars of Unification. The design by Heinrich Strack was realised between 1864 and 1873. The Victory Column was intended to commemorate the victories over Denmark, Austria, and France at the time. The inauguration in 1873 by Wilhelm I and Otto von Bismarck took place on the former Königsplatz in front of the Reichstag (today: Platz der Republik). It was not until 1938/1939 that the Victory Column was moved to its final location at Großer Stern at an enormous expense. The column is reminiscent of the wartime period through its still existing embrasures. Today, the Victory Column is a listed building. Visitors can reach it via an underground pedestrian tunnel and climb the spiral staircase located inside to the foot of the Victoria.
Commonly known as the “most beautiful square in Berlin”, the Gendarmenmarkt is located in the heart of the capital in the Mitte district. Once constructed in the 17th century as part of the Friedrichstadt by King Friedrich I in a symmetrical Baroque style, this 3.3-hectare square is now one of Berlin’s most important sites. Over a million visitors come here every year to see the impressive buildings, enjoy food in the restaurants around it or shop in the classy boutiques on Friedrichstraße, which is close to Gendarmenmarkt.
The Trinity of Gendarmenmarkt
Centrally located on the square, which has been decorated with square stone slabs since 1936, is the Konzerthaus, with the Schiller Monument in front of its steps, commemorating the famous poet Friedrich Schiller since 1871. The concert hall is framed to the south by the German Cathedral and to the north by the French Cathedral. Together, the three buildings form a beautiful ensemble of historical architecture:
Originally known as Linden-Markt, later as Friedrichstädtischer Markt and Neuer Markt, until in 1786 it was renamed Gendarmenmarkt in memory of the stables of the cuirassier regiment “Gens d’armes”. After 150 years of being known by the same name, the square was renamed the Academy Square in 1950 on the 250th anniversary of the Academy of Sciences. This historic location has only finally borne its present name since 1991.
Many historical events have taken place here, such as the people’s revolt against increased food prices, the so-called “potato revolution” that heralded the great revolution of 1848/49 – or the GDR government’s farewell with Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony one day before the reunification in 1990.
Today, several events take place here every year that are both worth seeing and hearing: The Classic Open Air, the Festival of Lights, as well as the opening event for the famous film festival in the capital – the Berlinale. A particularly beautiful festivity is the “Weihnachtszauber Gendarmenmarkt” – a traditional Christmas market that should not be missed.
The Kaiser Wilhelm Gedächtniskirche (inaugurated on 1 September 1895) is also known as the “Hollow Tooth” in Berlin slang. The name results from the Allied air raids on Berlin – on the night of 23 November 1943, the building caught fire, the roof frame collapsed, and the top of the tower buckled.
A rock in the waves
In 1957, it was decided to leave the 71-metre-high tower standing as a ruin in the middle of the famous Kurfürstendamm. It is still there today as a memorial to the war. The half-destroyed tower of the Kaiser Wilhelm Gedächtniskirche is surrounded by a four-part building ensemble. This was solemnly inaugurated in 1961. It includes the octagonal new church with its foyer. On the other side of the ruined tower, in which a memorial hall has been set up, are the parish chapel and the new bell tower (hexagonal).
Special highlights inside
In the chapel, where Protestant services are regularly held today, you are greeted by blue light. This is due to the glass walls and windows of the same colour, which originate from France. The artist Gabriel Loire broke the glass into irregular pieces for this purpose. Due to this, incoming light is additionally scattered. The organ has more than 5000 pipes and impresses with a variety of sound colours. The bells in the new church also provide harmonious sounds from the outside.
Shopping in a class of its own over several kilometres.
The shopping experience begins as early as Tauentzienstrasse at Wittenbergplatz, with the world-famous KaDeWe (Kaufhaus des Westens), leads through the Europa-Center at Breitscheidplatz and the modern Bikini Berlin shopping centre housed in a section of a listed building complex at Zoologischer Garten, and continues on beyond Olivaer Platz. Here, the most famous designer and fashion labels, as well as star hairdressers, have secured their place on the boulevard. The car industry has also recognised the value of this street for setting up its city points. Strolling along Kurfürstendamm is a true experience. Here you can still enjoy the genuine feeling of strolling along a historic shopping street. People also like to show off what they have: from designer handbags to luxury cars.
Night owls on Kurfürstendamm
The Kudamm not only offers everything your shopping heart desires, but also provides all you need for those who like to go out and experience something: Night owls get their money’s worth with various clubs: such as the elegant Puro on the top floor of the Europa-Center, the popular Pearl in Fasanenstraße, just a stone’s throw away from the famous Paris Bar, a sought-after celebrity restaurant, or the classy First Club or Maxxim, where Paris Hilton already danced the night away, and directly below it the Q-Dorf, Berlin’s party village under the city for young and old alike, all three to be found in the Joachimstaler Straße (each a direct side street and a few metres from the Kudamm). Starting from Olivaer Platz, Kurfürstendamm also has its own restaurant, café and bar mile, which is otherwise more typical of the eastern part of the city in Friedrichshain. A popular place here is the Route66 Diner, which pays homage to the 1950s and is even equipped with classic jukeboxes.
Historic causeway – the Kurfürstendamm
As early as 1542, the former Dammweg was built, which found its purpose in enabling electors to travel comfortably from the Berlin City Palace to the Grunewald hunting lodge. It was not until 1886, at the request of Reich Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, that Kurfürstendamm was given its present name. During the Weimar Republic, the boulevard then became the epitome of the “Golden Twenties”. In the 1930s, Kurfürstendamm was turned into a political arena with rampant riots following anti-Semitic attacks. This changed with the Olympic Games in 1936, when it became a showcase street and a flagship for a positive international image. Political demonstrations took place on the Kudamm again and again, for example directly after the fall of the Wall in 1989, as well as the first events of the “Love Parade” until it developed into a mass spectacle and had to be relocated due to the crowds. The changing times meant that local historic cinemas such as the Zoopalast, Royal-Palast and Marmorhaus, as well as some cafés, had to close – whereas the Zoopalast has since reopened. Subsequently, today’s Kurfürstendamm developed into one of the most exclusive shopping streets in Germany.
The area around Hackescher Markt is a trendy district that is particularly popular with the shopping-savvy and creative people, as well as the party crowd of the capital. This square, located between Rosenthaler Platz and Friedrichstraße in the Mitte district, is a traffic junction, shopping mile and starting point for Berlin’s nightlife all at the same time. The Oranienburger Straße, which is extremely well-known in Berlin and is often compared to St. Pauli’s sinful mile in Hamburg, begins here. However, this street offers much more: numerous cafés, bars and restaurants and everything in the immediate vicinity of the Spree. Thus, it is possible to sit comfortably by the water and enjoy one or more cocktails until late into the night.
Changing times – unfolding from Hackescher Markt
Hard to imagine, but true – the place where Hackescher Markt is located today was originally a marshy area. It was not until around 1750 that the square was laid out by the Berlin city commander Count Hans Christoph Friedrich von Hacke on the orders of Friedrich II. Since 1840 it has officially borne the name Hackescher Markt. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the development of public transport turned the place into a hub.
Probably the biggest change occurred after the reunification of Germany: Old buildings were renovated and gaps between buildings have been closed. This attracted many designers, workshops and restaurateurs to the area after the fall of the Wall. This is how Hackescher Markt gradually transformed into the trendy district it is today. The famous am to pm directly at the Hackescher Markt train station is open 24 hours a day and has become a hotspot for many visitors from all over the world
Hackesche Höfe – simply worth seeing
Germany’s largest enclosed courtyard complex is located directly at Hackescher Markt: the Hackesche Höfe. Since the fall of communism in 1990, this courtyard complex has been extensively renovated and is now a listed building. Various restaurateurs, artists, jewellery and fashion designers take advantage of the opportunity to settle in this area. It is sometimes considered the most valuable location in the city.
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Berlin Travel Guide | What to Do in Berlin
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Plan your visit to Berlin: find out where to go and what to do in Berlin with Rough Guides.
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https://www.roughguides.com/germany/berlin/
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Places to visit in Berlin
Though cut off by the Wall for thirty years, the eastern part of the city – the Mitte district – has always been the capital’s real centre. This is the city’s main sightseeing and shopping hub and home to many of the best places to visit in Berlin. Head here for inspiration on things to do in Berlin.
Most visitors begin their exploration on the city’s premier boulevard Unter den Linden, starting at the most famous landmark, the Brandenburg Gate, then moving over to the adjacent seat of Germany’s parliament, the Reichstag. Unter den Linden’s most important intersection is with Friedrichstrasse, which cuts north–south.
At its eastern end Unter den Linden is lined by stately Neoclassical buildings and terminates on the shores of Museum Island, home to eastern Berlin’s leading museums, but its natural extension on the other side of the island is Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse, which leads to a distinctively GDR-era part of the city around Alexanderplatz, the eastern city’s main commercial and transport hub.
Northwest from here, the Spandauer Vorstadt was once the heart of the city’s Jewish community, and has some fascinating reminders of those days, though today it’s best known for the restaurants, bars, boutiques and nightlife around the Hackescher Markt.
Back at the Brandenburg Gate, a walk south along the edge of the gigantic Tiergarten park takes you to the swish modern Potsdamer Platz, a bustling entertainment quarter that stands on what was for decades a barren field straddling the death-strip of the Berlin Wall.
Huddled beside Potsdamer Platz is the Kulturforum, an agglomeration of cultural institutions that includes several high-profile art museums. Also fringing the park are Berlin’s diplomatic and government quarters, where you’ll find some of the city’s most innovative architecture, including the formidable Hauptbahnhof.
The western end of the Tiergarten park is given over to a zoo, which is also the name of the main transport hub at this end of town. This is the gateway to City West, West Berlin’s old centre and is best known for its shopping boulevards, particularly the upmarket Kurfürstendamm.
Schöneberg and Kreuzberg, the two residential districts immediately south of the centre, are home to much of Berlin’s most vibrant nightlife. The former is smart and is popular as a gay area, while Kreuzberg is generally grungy and edgy.
Beyond Kreuzberg’s eastern fringes, and back in what used to be East Berlin is Friedrichshain which offers some unusual architectural leftovers from the Eastern Bloc of the 1950s, while to the north Prenzlauer Berg is one of the few places in which the atmosphere of prewar Berlin has been preserved – complete with cobbled streets and ornate facades.
Berlin’s eastern suburbs are typified by a sprawl of prewar tenements punctuated by high-rise developments and heavy industry, though the lakes, woodland and small towns and villages dotted around Köpenick offer a genuine break from the city.
The leafy western suburbs are even more renowned for their woodland (the Grunewald) and lakes (the Havel), with more besides: attractions include the baroque Schloss Charlottenburg, with its adjacent art museums; the impressive 1930s Olympic Stadium; the Dahlem museum complex, which displays everything from German folk art to Polynesian huts; and the medieval town of Spandau.
Further out, foremost among possible places to visit on day-trips are Potsdam, location of Frederick the Great’s Sanssouci palace, and the former concentration camp of Sachsenhausen, north of Berlin in Oranienburg.
Berlin Mitte - Alexanderplatz and around
During East Berlin’s forty-year existence, while Unter den Linden was allowed to represent Berlin’s glorious past, the area northeast of the Spreeinsel as far as major transport hub Alexanderplatz, was meant to represent the glories of a modern socialist capital city. It’s easily located thanks to its gigantic Fernsehturm, or TV Tower, and there’s almost no trace of an earlier history. Postwar rebuilding projects saw whole streets and neighbourhoods vanish under vast and dreary concrete plazas and buildings housing missable shops and cafés. Exceptions include two large prewar buildings, the Rotes Rathaus, seat of Berlin’s administration, and the Marienkirche, Berlin’s oldest church.
The Fernsehturm (Television Tower)
Looming over the Berlin skyline like a giant olive on a cocktail stick, the Fernsehturm (Television Tower) is Western Europe’s highest structure. This 365-metre-high transmitter was built during the isolationist 1960s, when East Berlin was largely inaccessible to West Germans, and was intended as a highly visible symbol of the GDR’s permanence. Having outlasted the regime that conceived it, the Fernsehturm has become iconic, and though few would champion its architecture, it does have a certain retro appeal. The tower provides tremendous views (40km on clear days) from the observation platform and the Tele-café. There are usually long queues to go up – early evening is your best bet.
Museumsinsel
At the northern tip of the Spreeinsel lies a museum quarter known as Museumsinsel (Museum Island), which was added during the nineteenth century by the Hohenzollerns and which really took off when German explorers and archeologists returned with bounty from the Middle East. Despite war losses and Soviet looting, some of the world’s finest museums reside here and they are becoming ever greater, thanks to a large-scale reorganization and remodelling that’s due for completion in 2015. Some sections will be temporarily closed as part of this process in the meantime. Covering any more than one of these museums in any depth in a day is a real challenge, so choose carefully before you set out – note too that you have to book a time to visit the Pergamon and Neues Museum at their ticket desks, so arrive early to ensure you can go at the time you want.
The Altes Museum
Overlooking the lawns of the Lustgarten, a former parade ground, lies one of Berlin’s most striking Neoclassical buildings: Schinkel’s impressive Altes Museum with its 87-metre-high facade and Ionic colonnade. As host to the city’s classical antiquities collection, this is the place for fans of ancient Greek and Roman pottery and sculpture. Many are small works but nonetheless captivating, such as The Praying Boy, a lithe and delicate bronze sculpture from Rhodes dating back to 300 BC. The Vase of Euphronios, decorated with athletes in preparation, is among one of the finest surviving Greek vases in the world.
The Neues Museum
After decades on the move around Berlin, the city’s impressive Egyptian Collection moved back into its original home in the Neues Museum in 2009. Built in 1855, the museum was badly damaged in the war then extensively rebuilt and remodelled under British architect David Chipperfield. He took pains to preserve as many original features as possible, including fluted stone columns and battered faux-Egyptian ceiling frescoes, as well as adding a few tasteful features – like the huge central staircase – to replace irreparably damaged parts of the building.
The museum’s greatest prize is the 3300-year-old Bust of Queen Nefertiti, a treasure that’s become a city symbol. There’s no questioning its beauty – the queen has a perfect bone structure and gracefully sculpted lips – and the history of the piece is equally interesting. Created around 1350 BC, the bust probably never left the studio in Akhenaten in which it was created, acting as a mere model for other portraits of the queen (explaining why the left eye was never drawn in). When the studio was deserted, the bust was left, to be discovered some three thousand years later in 1912.
A bit of a comedown after all the Egyptian excitement below is the Early and Prehistory Collection in the museum attic, encompassing a mainly underwhelming collection of archeological discoveries from around Berlin.
The Alte Nationalgalerie
Tucked just behind the Neues Museum, the Neoclassical Alte Nationalgalerie is a grandiose interpretation of a Corinthian temple that houses a museum of European art that’s particularly strong on nineteenth-century German Romantics, like Liebermann, though it also has great works by Cézanne, Rodin, Monet and Degas.
The Pergamonmuseum
The largest of the Museum Island museums, the massive Pergamonmuseum was built in the early twentieth century in the style of a Babylonian temple, primarily to house the city’s vast Middle-Eastern treasures. Highlights include the Pergamon Altar – a huge structure dedicated to Zeus and Athena, dating from 180 to 160 BC, and depicting a furious battle between the gods and the giants – as well as the enormous, deep-blue-tiled Ishtar Gate, a sixth-century-BC processional way from Babylon. The collection also numbers hundreds of other fascinating smaller items from as far back as 2000 BC.
The Bode-Museum
The stocky, neo-Baroque Bode-Museum at the northern tip of Museum Island suffered such heavy World War II damage that it was scheduled for demolition, until Berliners protested in the streets. Subsequent waves of renovation have resulted in opulent interiors that form a seamless backdrop for one of Europe’s most impressive sculpture collections, which spans the third to the nineteenth centuries. A particular strength is the early Italian Renaissance, though the German collection is equally authoritative. Also in the building is a solid collection of Byzantine art, notably early Christian religious items; ornamental Roman sarcophagi and several intricate mosaics and ivory carvings; and around half a million coins of the city’s Numismatic Collection.
Tiergarten
A huge swathe of peaceful green parkland smack in the middle of Berlin, the Tiergarten was originally designed by Peter Lenné as a hunting ground for Elector Friedrich III, but now provides a great antidote to city noise and bustle. Bus #100 between Bahnhof Zoo and Alexanderplatz crosses the park, but it’s best appreciated on foot or by bike. At least wander along the Landwehrkanal, and the pretty little group of ponds of the grand-sounding Neuer See. In summer the popular beer garden here, Café am Neuen See, rents out boats by the hour.
Siegessäule
Approached by great boulevards at the centre of the Tiergarten, is the eye-catching Siegessäule (Victory Column). Topped with a gilded Winged Victory, the column celebrates Prussia’s military victories. The mosaics at the column’s base show the unification of the German peoples and incidents from the Franco-Prussian War. The four bronze reliefs beside depict the main wars and the victorious marching of the troops into Berlin. The Siegessäule’s summit offers a good view of the surroundings, but is 285 stairs distant.
The Kulturforum
The Kulturforum, literally “culture-forum”, is an umbrella term that covers several art museums and cultural venues in the southeast corner of the Tiergarten park, which could easily fill a day of your time.
The Berlin Philharmonie
Many of the Kulturforum buildings were designed in the 1960s by Hans Scharoun, including the honey-coloured Philharmonie, home of the Berlin Philharmonic, with its complicated floor-plan and top-notch acoustics and views, regardless of your seat. Daily tours explore the interior of the building.
The Kunstgewerbemuseum
Over the road from the Philharmonie, the Kunstgewerbemuseum (Museum of Applied Arts) holds an encyclopedic but seldom dull collection of European arts and crafts from the Middle Ages on. Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo pieces (wonderful silver and ceramics), along with Jugendstil, Art Deco and Bauhaus objects are all present, as are sumptuous pieces from the Middle Ages and Early Renaissance collections. Highlights are Lüneburg’s municipal silver and an eighth-century purse-shaped reliquary that belonged to Duke Widikund, leader of the Saxon resistance to Charlemagne.
The Gemäldegalerie
With its stupendous collection of early European paintings, the Gemäldegalerie (Picture Gallery) is the real jewel of the Kulturforum. Highlights include German work from the Middle Ages and Renaissance such as the large Wurzach Altar of 1437, from the workshop of the great Ulm sculptor Hans Multscher; landscapes by Albrecht Altdorfer; and several superbly observed portraits by Albrecht Dürer and Hans Holbein the Younger. The gallery’s Netherlandish section includes fifteenth- and sixteenth-century works by Jan van Eyck, Jan Gossaert, Quentin Massys and Pieter Bruegel the Elder, whose Netherlandish Proverbs is an amusing, if opaque, illustration of over a hundred sixteenth-century proverbs.
The later Dutch and Flemish collections, with their large portraits of Van Dyck and fleshy canvases of Rubens, are another strong point. But the major highlights are several paintings by Rembrandt: though The Man in the Golden Helmet has been proved to be the work of his studio rather than the artist himself, this does little to detract from the portrait’s elegance and power. Finally, the Italian section spanning the Renaissance to the eighteenth century, has impressive paintings by Botticelli, Caravaggio, Poussin, Claude and Canaletto.
The Kupferstichkabinett
Sharing its main entrance with the Gemäldegalerie, the Kupferstichkabinett (Engraving Cabinet) holds an extensive collection of European medieval and Renaissance prints, drawings and engravings. The collection includes Botticelli’s exquisite drawings for Dante’s Divine Comedy.
The Neue Nationalgalerie
At the southeast corner of the Kulturforum, and by far its finest building, is the Neue Nationalgalerie. Designed by Mies van der Rohe in 1965, the building comprises a severe glass box, its ceiling seemingly almost suspended above the ground. The gallery divides between the permanent collection, featuring works from the beginning of the twentieth century onwards, including pieces by Braque, Gris and Picasso, and temporary exhibits, often of contemporary art.
Berlin Mitte - Pariser Platz and Unter den Linden
The Brandenburg Gate looms over the ornamental gardens of Pariser Platz, from which the grand leafy boulevard Unter den Linden, or “beneath the lime trees”, runs east. The trees line its central island and the first saplings were planted by Friedrich Wilhelm, the Great Elector, in the seventeenth century, to mark the route from his palace to the hunting grounds in the Tiergarten. It gradually became the main thoroughfare of Imperial Berlin and site of many foreign embassies, yet after the war and until 1989 the western extremity of Unter den Linden led nowhere and, lined by infrequently visited embassies, the street had a strangely empty and decorative feel. Today the boulevard bustles with shops and cafés, though their presence is relatively muted.
The Brandenburg Gate
Heavily laden with historical association, the Brandenburg Gate (Brandenburger Tor), modelled on the entrance of Athens’ Acropolis, was built as a city-gate-cum-triumphal-arch in 1791 and soon became a symbol of German solidarity. In 1806 Napoleon marched under the arch and took home the Quadriga, the horse-drawn chariot that tops the gate. It was returned a few years later, and the revolutionaries of 1848 and 1918 met under its form, as did the Nazis with their torch-lit marches. The Berlin Wall placed the Gate in the East in a heavily guarded death-strip, and the opening of the border here just before Christmas 1989 symbolically re-created the historic east–west axis of the city.
The Reichstag
Directly behind the Brandenburg Gate a line of cobbles marks the course of the Berlin Wall where for 28 years it separated the Gate from the other great emblem of national unity, the Reichstag – the seat of Germany’s parliament. The solid Neoclassical building was built for a sham parliament answerable only to the Kaiser, in 1918, but is more famous for being set alight in 1933, allowing the Nazis to impose martial law, suspend democracy and establish a totalitarian regime. In a show trial, an itinerant ex-communist Dutch bricklayer, Marius van der Lubbe, was successfully charged with arson and executed, but it’s more likely that the Nazis started the fire themselves.
Equally famously, the Reichstag became a symbol of the Allied victory at the end of World War II, when soldiers raised the Soviet flag on its roof – even though heavy fighting still raged below. Evidence of this fighting is still visible as scores of patched bullet holes around some windows. Then, in 1999, the reunified German parliament moved back in after extensive renovations and the addition of a flashy cupola by British architect Sir Norman Foster. A circular ramp spirals up the inside to a viewing deck with stunning 360-degree views of the city, which 15 million visitors have since enjoyed. Sadly, security concerns have now shut this to all but pre-booked groups and visitors with reservations for Käfer Dachgarten, its gourmet rooftop restaurant.
The Holocaust memorial
Beside the Brandenburg Gate, the dignified and surreal Jewish Holocaust Memorial was unveiled in May 2006 after twenty-three years of planning, debate and building work. It’s the work of New York architect Peter Eisenman, who was inspired by the densely clustered gravestones in Prague’s Jewish graveyard. The entire site – about the size of three football pitches – is covered with 2711 tightly spaced, oblong, dark grey pillars of varying heights.
With no single entrance, visitors have to pick their own way through the maze to the centre where the blocks are well above head height and intended to convey a sense of gloom, isolation and solitude. The underground information centre in the southeast corner of the monument, carefully relates the harrowing life stories of selected Jewish victims of the Holocaust; its audio tour is largely unnecessary.
Over the road from the Holocaust Memorial, the fringes of the Tiergarten park hold another concrete oblong: a Gay Holocaust Memorial, which remembers the 54,000 people convicted of homosexual acts under the Nazis, of whom an estimated eight thousand died in concentration camps. Inaugurated by Berlin’s gay mayor Klaus Wowereit in 2008, the four-metre-high monument mimics those commemorating Jewish victims, but leans differently and contains a window behind which a looped film of two men kissing plays.
Potsdamer Platz
The skyscrapers of Potsdamer Platz, which soar beside the Kulturforum, represent Berlin at its most thrustingly commercial and cosmopolitan. Said to have been the busiest square in prewar Europe, Potsdamer Platz was once surrounded by stores, bars and clubs, and pulsed with life day and night. The war left it severely battered, though immediately afterwards it regained some vitality as a black market centre at the junction of the Soviet, American and British sectors. This ended with the coming of the Wall: all the buildings on the eastern side were razed to give the GDR’s border guards a clear field of fire, while the West put no real money into restoring its battered survivors. For years western tourists could gaze at the East from a viewing platform here, and ponder the sight of prewar tramlines disappearing under the Wall. The Wall’s dismantling then produced a premier lot, which was quickly carved up by multinationals who frantically built bold architectural forms for obligatory shopping malls with restaurants, cafés, a theatre, and a film multiplex with 3D cinema. Its tallest building – the red-brick skyscraper that’s a nod to the Chicago school of architecture – has on its top floor Panorama Punkt, an outdoor viewing deck with views to rival the Fernsehturm.
The Sony Center
The bravely twenty-first-century glass cylinder of the Helmut Jahn-designed Sony Center is the most eye-catching building on Potsdamer Platz. Several glass-sheathed buildings surround an airy, circular courtyard, sheltered by a conical glass rotunda, creating a huge atrium. In one building the Filmmuseum Berlin provides a superb introduction to the history of German cinema and television using a bevy of clips, reconstructions and artefacts, many relating to Marlene Dietrich.
Prenzlauer Berg
Fanning out immediately east of Mitte, the residential working-class district of Prenzlauer Berg fared relatively well in the war, being fought over street by street, leaving many of its turn-of-the-twentieth-century tenement blocks battle-scarred but intact, and preserving the leafy cobbled streets and intersections which typified prewar Berlin. This sense of history helped make Prenzlauer Berg a bohemian centre even during the GDR days when large numbers of artists and young people seeking an alternative lifestyle chose to live here. After the Wende these pleasant corners with low rents were quickly seized on as ripe for gentrification and settled by some of the best restaurants, cafés, bars and clubs in the city.
The Berlin Wall Memorial
Opposite S-Bahn Nordbahnhof, on Bernauer Strasse, is the first of two buildings dedicated to the Berlin Wall Memorial (Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer), which contains a bookshop and screens an introductory film. Bernauer Strasse was literally bisected by the Wall; before the Wall was built you could enter or exit the Soviet Zone just by going through the door of one of the buildings, which is why, on August 13, 1961, some citizens, who woke up to find themselves on the wrong side of the newly established “national border”, leapt out of windows to get to the West. Over the years, the facades of these buildings were cemented up and incorporated into the partition itself, until they were knocked down and replaced by the Wall proper in 1979. A short section of Wall as it once was – both walls and a death-strip between – remain preserved at the corner of Bernauer Strasse and Ackerstrasse.
Down the road from the Berlin Wall Memorial, the Wall Documentation Centre keeps the story of the Wall alive using photos, sound recordings and information terminals, and has a useful viewing tower that you can climb to contemplate the barrier and the way in which it once divided the city.
Kreuzberg-Friedrichshain
Directly south of Mitte, the district of Kreuzberg-Friedrichshain loosely divides into the more middle-class and white West Kreuzberg, mostly of interest for its museums, including the impressive Jewish Museum; unkempt, bohemian and heavily Turkish East Kreuzberg, great for wandering between café-bars, art galleries and clothes shops along its main drag Oranienstrasse; and Friedrichshain, a modern and fairly bland part of former East Berlin, whose low rents and central location have attracted Berlin’s most happening bar and nightlife scene.
Brief history of Berlin
As heart of the Prussian kingdom, cultural centre of the Weimar Republic, headquarters of Hitler’s Third Reich and a key frontline flashpoint in the Cold War, Berlin has long been a weather vane of European and even world history. Its story began in the twelfth century when violent settlement of Slavic regions by Germanic tribes in the Dark Ages led to the creation of the margravate of Brandenburg in 1157.
Berlin slowly rose to become the capital of this marshy frontier territory and from 1415 Brandenburg became the possession of the Hohenzollern dynasty, who embraced Protestantism in 1538. Brandenburg merged with Prussia in 1618, then became entangled in the Thirty Years’ War, which left the whole region devastated and depopulated.
Rebirth was slow, but gathered momentum on the back of Prussia’s social tolerance – towards Huguenots and Jews in particular – which helped produce rapid industrialization throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. With increasing economic power came military might and ambitions, which sparked two centuries of martial adventures and horse-trading diplomacy, bringing about German unity and the creation of a second German Reich in 1871.
Within two centuries Berlin had gone from also-ran provincial town to Germany’s capital, but these drastic changes would be matched the following century by its demolition in World War II and subsequent division in the Cold War. Brandenburg was radically transformed too, losing all its territory east of the Oder and falling under the sway of communism.
Then, in November 1989, the world’s media converged on the Brandenburg Gate to watch Berliners chipping away at the Berlin Wall and witness the extraordinary scenes of the border opening for good. This triggered a series of events which saw Germany’s federal government re-established in the city, sparking a pace of urban change unrivalled in the developed world.
The Stasi
East Germany’s infamous Staatssicherheitsdienst (State Security Service), or Stasi, monitored everything in the GDR. It ensured the security of the country’s borders, carried out surveillance on foreign diplomats, business people and journalists, and monitored domestic and foreign media. It was, however, in the surveillance of East Germany’s own population that the organization truly excelled. Very little happened in the GDR without the Stasi knowing about it: files were kept on millions of innocent citizens and insidious operations were orchestrated against dissidents, real and imagined. By the Wende the Stasi had a budget of £1 billion and 91,000 full-time employees and 180,000 informers within the East German population, figures brought into context by the punier, albeit more ruthless, 7000-strong Nazi Gestapo.
At the beginning of 1991 former citizens of the GDR were given the right to see their Stasi files. Tens of thousands took the opportunity to find out what the organization had recorded about them, and, more importantly, who had provided the information; many a friendship and not a few marriages came to an end as a result. The process of unravelling truths from the archives also provided material for many a story, including Timothy Garton Ash’s book, The File: A Personal History and the film, Das Leben der Anderen (The Lives of Others). Not all documents survived though: many were briskly shredded as the GDR regime collapsed, resulting in an unenviable task for one government organization which spent literally years piecing them together to bring people to justice, thankfully with some success.
The Berlin Wall
After the war, Berlin’s administration was split between Britain, France, the US and the USSR. Each sector was to exist peacefully with its neighbours under a unified city council. But antagonism between the Soviet and other sectors was high. Only three years after the war, Soviet forces closed the land-access corridors to the city from West Germany in what became known as the Berlin Blockade: it was successfully overcome by a massive airlift of food and supplies that lasted nearly a year. This, followed by the 1953 uprising, large-scale cross-border emigration (between 1949 and 1961, the year the Wall was built, over three million East Germans – almost a fifth of the population – fled to West Germany) and innumerable “incidents”, led to the building of what the GDR called an “an antifascist protection barrier”.
Backs to the wall
The Wall was erected overnight on August 13, 1961, when, at 2am, forty thousand East German soldiers, policemen and workers’ militia went into action closing U- and S-Bahn lines and stringing barbed wire across streets leading into West Berlin to cordon off the Soviet sector. The Wall followed its boundaries implacably, cutting through houses, across squares and rivers, with its own cool illogicality. Many Berliners were rudely evicted from their homes, while others had their doors and windows blocked by bales of barbed wire. Suddenly the British, American and French sectors of the city were corralled some 200km inside the GDR.
Most people in West and East Berlin were taken by surprise. Crowds gathered and extra border guards were sent to prevent trouble. A tiny number – including a few border guards – managed to find holes in the new barrier and flee west. But within a few days the barbed wire and makeshift barricades were reinforced with bricks and mortar. Additionally, West Berliners were no longer allowed into East Berlin. From 1961 onwards the GDR strengthened the Wall making it almost impenetrable – in effect two walls separated by a Sperrgebiet (forbidden zone), dotted with watchtowers and patrolled by soldiers and dogs. It was also known as the Todesstreifen (death strip), as border troops were under instructions to shoot anyone attempting to scale the Wall: any guard suspected of deliberately missing was court-martialled, and his family could expect severe harassment from the authorities. Over the years, over two hundred people were killed trying to cross the Wall.
The wall crumbles
An oddity of the Wall was that it was built a few metres inside GDR territory; so the West Berlin authorities had little control over the graffiti that covered it. The Wall was an ever-changing mixture of colours and slogans. Late in 1989 the East German government, spurred by Gorbachev’s glasnost and a tense domestic climate, realized it could stay stable no longer. To an initially disbelieving and then jubilant Europe, travel restrictions for GDR citizens were lifted on November 9, 1989 – effectively, the Wall ceased to matter, and pictures of Berliners, East and West, hacking away at the detested symbol filled newspapers and TV bulletins around the world.
Today, it’s only possible to tell exactly where the Wall ran by the simple row of cobbles placed along much of its former course. Few significant stretches remain, the sections devoted to the East Side Gallery and the Berlin Wall Memorial being the most notable.
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2020-12-09T17:00:33+00:00
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Structures and systems of order are the predominant themes of the artist Menno Aden (*1972, Weener), known for his cartographic photographic works. Although mostly absent, his works always show traces of human beings.
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de
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Menno Aden
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https://mennoaden.com/news
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Jul/Aug 2024
100 Windows Catalogue, DCV
Cover: Installation view of "Open Source" (2017) by Menno Aden
Book Launch #1: 4 July 2024, 6 — 9 PM
Henselmann Tower, Straußberger Platz 1, Berlin
Book Launch #2: 6 Aug 2024, 6 — 9 PM
Soho House, Torstr. 1, Berlin
Art showcase Berlin-Weekly - A window to the world
by Jens Hinrichsen for monopol-magazine
The non-commercial art space sets itself apart from the usual function of a shop window as a seductive display of goods, but some contributions certainly take up the obvious association - such as the installation "Open Source" by photo artist Menno Aden, shown on the cover, who photographs rooms from above and placed the room-filling print of his top shot of a kiosk in Prenzlauer Berg in the shop window in July 2017.
To extend the image into the room, Aden placed drinks crates, waving cats and a flashing "Open" display in front of the photo wallpaper. The 90-degree tilted top view of the laminate floor of a "Späti" and its display creates an exciting irritation. At the book launch, Aden explained that he wanted to pay homage to the vanished kiosks on Linienstrasse and Auguststrasse with the underlying photo series. "This is where Berlin's gentrification has hit hardest," says the photographer.
The Berlin artist Menno Aden analytically deals with our environment in various photo series. Although mostly absent, his images always show traces of man. Aden's soberly detached gaze is that of a tracker, topographically mapping his environment through unusual use of technology and perspective.
The exhibition "Between the Lines" shows works from Aden's series "Assembly Lines", "Composition" and "Tracks and Fields". Despite conceptual differences, aesthetic parallels can be found in them, literally: by layering the bench, platform edge, and tile wall of a subway station, by using an industrial "line-scan camera" to record the movement of a robotic arm, by looking down on a gymnasium in which a grid of neon tubes rhythmizes the picture plane. Parallel structures, patterns, and systems of order that permeate and structure our everyday life can be found everywhere.
May 2021
someother mag: I See You (press release)
The someother mag issue I SEE YOU investigates the diverse forms in which surveillance transpires around us in the physical and virtual dimension. It is an examination of how the built envrironment absorbs transformations of the individual and the collective by looking at new paradigms of transparency. It expores the interrelation between the digital forms of surveillance and architectural space while unravelling the nature of this monitoring and delving into its relevance and influence on current events. https://someothermag.com
YAK SHAVING is an art exhibition only possible in an online digital format due to the Covid-19 pandemic.
The title of the exhibition "YAK SHAVING" describes an exercise in futility created by the pandemic restrictions. While art viewing is an activity relying on the full use of human senses, this total mental, emotional and physical experience is currently reduced to the screen by the overall closure of cultural and art-business institutions.
Still, personal initiative persists in creating meaning under the given conditions and is the best line of defence!
What is YAK SHAVING?
1. Any apparently useless activity which, by allowing to overcome intermediate difficulties, solves the problem at large.
2. A somewhat useful activity performed consciously or subconsciously in order to procrastinate about a larger more useful task.
Furthermore:
The exhibition views will be shown in a slide show format at www.emergingartist.de.
The project is initiated by the Berlin artist Lukasz Furs
"To understand a work of art means to buy it," Arnulf Rainer is said to have said once. Rainer's statement applies all the more in times of the corona pandemic, which is hitting many cultural workers particularly hard. With a large team from the Berlin art scene, we have therefore created the Direct Auction, 70 percent of the proceeds of which will go back to the participating artists. At the end of November, more than 400 works by over 300 artists*, most of whom live and work in Berlin, will be auctioned off. On November 28 between 3 and 6 pm two of my works will also be auctioned.
The previews of the works will take place at the following galleries:
Lot 404: 23. — 28. Nov (15 — 18 Uhr) Galerie Selected Artists, Weydemeyerstraße 2, 10178 Berlin
Lot 339: 24. November (10 — 22 Uhr) Galerie Colonia Nova, Thiemannstrasse 1, 12059 Berlin
27 Sep — 3 Oct 2020
Assembly Lines (solo exhibition)
I am pleased to invite you to my upcoming exhibition at LAGE EGAL in which I show works from my new series Assembly Lines. At the same time, the gallery shows works by Ties Ten Bosch, Marcel Broodthaers, Richard Hamilton, Michael Riedel (Sammlung Hückstedt) and Andrea Tappert.
Opening Reception: Sun 27 Sep 4 — 7 pm
13 Sep — 3 Oct, 3 — 6 pm and by appointment
Entry only with mask. Please respect and follow the hygienic measures.
LAGE EGAL
Greifswalder Str. 34
10405 Berlin
Assembly Lines
In his current series "Assembly Lines", Menno Aden records movements of industrial robots of fully automated production lines with the help of a line scan camera. A line scan camera is an industrial camera that works like a fixed scanner that scans only one image line. Line scan cameras are used in high speed assembly lines for quality control or for sorting processes where their image data are read out by machine. Aden makes these image data visible. What can be seen are the repetitive motion sequences of machines that mean both help and competition for mankind and that have become a symbol for the changes in our working world in recent years. They show us the "Outdatedness of Human Beings", as the cultural philosopher Günther Anders recognized as early as the 1950s.
In his current series "Assembly Lines", Menno Aden records movements of industrial robots of fully automated production lines with the help of a line scan camera. A line scan camera is an industrial camera that works like a fixed scanner that scans only one image line. Line scan cameras are used in high speed assembly lines for quality control or for sorting processes where their image data are read out by machine. Aden makes these image data visible. What can be seen are the repetitive motion sequences of machines that mean both help and competition for mankind and that have become a symbol for the changes in our working world in recent years. They show us the "Outdatedness of Human Beings", as the cultural philosopher Günther Anders recognized as early as the 1950s.
"I will take away the roofs of the houses by my devilish power and in spite of the darkness of the night the inside will lie open before your eyes. With these words he simply stretched out his right arm, and at that moment all the roofs disappeared. Now the student saw the inside of the houses (...) as if at bright midday. The sight was too new for him not to claim all his attention. He let his eyes wander in all directions, and the colorful variety of objects that surrounded him kept his curiosity busy for a long time."
Alain-René Lesage: The Lame Devil (Le Diable Boiteux), 1707
Dear partners, friends and colleagues, On the occasion of the ART WEEK BERLIN I would like to invite you to the group exhibition DOMIZIL, curated by Stefanie Seidl and Andrea van Reimersdahl.
Artists: Menno Aden, Alexandra Baumgartner, Astrid Busch, Alanna Lawley, Jenny Keuter, Bettina Khano, Virginie Mossé, Andrea Pichl, Katja Pudor, Andrea van Reimersdahl, Wieland Schönfleder, Stefanie Seidl, Alice Stepanek, Sinta Werner
The Berlin-based artist Menno Aden specialises in the representation of spaces and perspectives. People almost never appear in his photographic work, which instead often focuses on what people have left behind. By depicting man-made order systems as well as their disorder, Aden's work is also an indirect portrait of humans.
For Berlin-Weekly, Aden shows an installation with a Berlin 'Spätkauf' (a 24/7 corner-shop) from a birds eye perspective. As if the ceiling was removed one can look into a box crammed with consumer goods. Aden literally turns the Berlin institution 'Späti' on it's head, and leaves the visitor irritated - not least because of the untypical opening of a 'Späti' in the gentrified posh Linienstraße.
Opening Reception: Thu 22 Jun 2017, 7 pm
Installation from 23 Jun to 22 Jul 2017
Berlin-Weekly
Linienstrasse 160
10115 Berlin
My permanent installation 'Over Head' at the former US-Headquarter in Berlin-Dahlem is now completely installed with the large format work 'Untitled (Over Head 20)' and two backlighted photographs that are recessed into the ceiling. Both works show the former condition of the ceiling true to scale.
Find more images of my series on the art blog IGNANT
For his series 'Over Head' Aden photographed ceilings of the former U.S. Headquarter offices in Berlin-Dahlem. Aden captures a moment of this orphaned building's turbulent history during the Cold War – the time of transition up to its current reconstruction. Preserved by photography, this moment is carried into the present. Here are the observations of a pathfinder who scans the building for material remains of its now faded, historically significant function.
Aden does not address obvious traces that are omnipresent at a site like this. It is the inaccessible parts that interest him, the unconscious leftovers such as the pipe system and powerlines behind the ceilings, a web of veins that pervades the whole building and become readable only through the precise capture of the camera lens.
Menno Aden's digital editing and juxtapositioning of individual works carry a rhythmic playfulness from which emerges a particularly sensible and graphic aesthetics.
I'm glad to participate with my series Panel Flats at the group show Berlin Raum Radar during Gallery Weekend Berlin. The show presents a selection of 30 artists and has been curated by Nadine Barth. I'd be happy to see you at the opening.
Berlin Raum Radar is one of VOGUE’s Top 10 Highlights of Gallery Weekend Berlin 2016.
Opening Reception: 29 April 2016, 5 – 9 pm
NEUE WEST, Potsdamer Str. 91, 10785 Berlin
Menno Aden, Iwan Baan, Sibylle Bergemann, Peter Bialobrzeski, Ben de Biel, Tacita Dean, Mitch Epstein, Christine Fenzl, Andreas Gehrke, Alexander Gnädinger, Markus Henttonen, Ola Kohlemainen, Stefan Koppelkamm, Dawin Meckel, Arwed Messmer, Ingo Mittelstaedt, Andreas Mühe, Robert Polidori, Blaise Reutersward, Yoram Roth, Pola Sieverding, Sarah Schönfeld, Michael Schulz, Dorothea Tuch, Friederike von Rauch, Julia Wagner, Michael Wesely, Ulrich Wüst, Harf Zimmermann
In context to the show a book will be published by Hatje Cantz:
Berlin Raum Radar - New Architecture Photography
Hatje Cantz
German and English, May 2016, hardcover
ISBN 978-3-7757-4179-8
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dbpedia
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https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/oranienburg-street.html
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en
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res stock photography and images
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Find the perfect oranienburg street stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Available for both RF and RM licensing.
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en
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Alamy
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https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/oranienburg-street.html
|
Alamy and its logo are trademarks of Alamy Ltd. and are registered in certain countries. Copyright © 10/08/2024 Alamy Ltd. All rights reserved.
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dbpedia
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https://thetravelintern.com/berlin-iconic-street-art/
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en
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Berlin’s Iconic Street Art: 10 Must-Visit Spots Great For Photos
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2018-04-05T08:48:23+00:00
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Understanding the street art in Berlin and it's culture can be confusing and intimidating. Here’s an easy breakdown on where to begin your street art journey in Berlin and the history behind it.
|
en
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The Travel Intern
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https://thetravelintern.com/berlin-iconic-street-art/
|
Fly non-stop to Berlin from Singapore via Scoot!
In a city brimming with so much art, it may come as a big surprise that street art in Berlin is actually illegal.
In fact, artists can face up to three years in jail if caught in the act! So, unless the artists have been commissioned by the government or granted permission from the building, most art in Berlin can be said to be illegal.
Since the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the city serves as ground zero for street art artist to spark their career in graffiti art. If you’d like to find out more about the history of street art, check out this article on Berlin Street Art.
Thinking of Scooting to Berlin? Here’s a list of 9 street art spots to look out for when you’re in town!
Read Also: 5 Day Berlin Budget Guide — S$1,500 incl. flights and accommodation
*Pro-Tip: Save money by purchasing a Berlin Welcome Card. Other than discounts on entrance fees to museums and attractions, it acts as a transport pass for unlimited travel between these places below.
Famous Illegal Street Art Pieces
The culture behind Berlin’s street art is intense and rich with history, yet the artwork never stays for long. People paint over one another or establishments colour their walls back in a bid to keep their buildings clean.
While fleeting, some artists have made their iconic art pieces known at first glance, without even putting their name to it. Here’s some you’ll spot across the city but the following places are where we first found them!
1) Kripo
Trivia: Kripo’s nickname amongst street art fans is Berlin’s Spiderman.
Once you’ve seen one of Kripo’s Yellow Fists, you won’t be able to stop spotting it around the city. A symbol of rebellion and defiance, these signs are in positions you’d think is impossible to reach.
Location: Berlin Friedrichstr. Station
2) Blu
Trivia: Blu’s iconic murals in Berlin were erased and many were upset by it. Interestingly enough, it was reportedly Blu himself that erased the artworks.
Not only is Blu‘s “The Pink Man” a reference to Germany’s past, it is also relevant to current society’s need to conform. The big pink monster, which comprises of many scared individuals squirming not to stand out, is about to swallow the individual painted white.
Location: You can find his mural at the west side of Oberbaum Bridge.
How To Get There: Take the train to Berlin Warschauer Straße Station.
3) Banksy
What is Berlin without street art? What is street art without Banksy? It’s mind-blogging that Banksy has not done more street art in Berlin since his visit in 2003.
There are tours by VisitBerlin that you can explore art works allegedly done by Banksy.
Ad
If you’d like to explore on your own, you can reference this google map to see all 34 pieces that are believed to be Banksy’s.
This iconic Flower Chucker can be found in the courtyard of The Kunsthaus Tacheles (Art House Tacheles) — an old department store that was once taken over by street art artists. It is closed now but you’d still be able to spot the art done by the artists previously.
Location: Kunsthaus Tacheles, Oranienburger Str. 54-56a, 10117 Berlin, GermanyHow To Get There: Take the train to Berlin Oranienburger Straße station.
4) “Little Lucy” by El Bocho
Trivia: Stencils or stickers are used by certain artists so they can reduce the risk of getting caught by minimising the time required to stay and spray paint.
On the side of non-commissioned street art of the Haus Schwarzenberg Street Art Alley, you can see one of El Bocho‘s stencil of the Czechoslovakian 70’s cartoon, Little Lucy.
You’d be able to find this sweet little girl everywhere in Berlin. You’d also notice that El Bocho’s work comes with a twist! She is always depicted killing her cat — be it using the cat as a swing, it being microwaved or being ripped into two.
El Bocho’s artworks are so famous that he had to change the base of his stencils for Little Lucy to avoid people ripping it off the streets to keep.
Try looking for this little lady with her cat around town!
Location: Rosenthaler Straße/Rosenthaler Str. 39, 10178 Berlin, Germany
How To Get There: Take the train to S Hackescher Markt station.
5) “IT’S TIME TO DANCE” by Sobr
The dancing girls have made their mark from Paris to Berlin. Made to resemble a barricade tape, you can spot the distinctive title, “IT’S TIME TO DANCE”, printed in black on a yellow tape, surrounding the art. The women are usually stencilled in black and white with confetti scattered all over.
Sobr enjoys partying and uses ladies who are dancing slightly further out from the crowd in festivals or parties as his inspiration.
Similar to El Bocho, Sobr’s works are all over Berlin. You can also find the two dancing girls at Haus Schwarzenberg Street Art Alley, beside El Bocho’s Little Lucy.
Location: Rosenthaler Straße/Rosenthaler Str. 39, 10178 Berlin, Germany
How To Get There: Take the train to S Hackescher Markt station.
6) “Anne Frank” by Jimmy C.
Trivia: Out of all the commissioned works that comes and goes on this specific wall, Jimmy C’s art work of Anne Frank remains.
Right opposite the past two projects, Jimmy C‘s art work of Anne Frank lies right outside the Anne Frank Zentrum (€5 for entry). The exhibition tells of Anne Frank’s life, past and how it affects the present. If you are unable to visit Amsterdam and visit Anne Frank’s house, this would be great if you’d like to know more about her.
Location: Rosenthaler Straße/Rosenthaler Str. 39, 10178 Berlin, Germany
How To Get There: Take the train to S Hackescher Markt station.
Street Art Joints in Berlin
While most street art in Berlin is illegal, there are designated establishments known amongst the street artists to be a somewhat safe haven to express their artworks.
7) Haus Schwarzenberg Street Art Alley
Trivia: Hidden in this alley is a workshop owned by Otto Weidt — a blind brush maker, known for hiding and creating fake IDs for handicapped Jews during World War Two. The workshop has now been converted into a museum which you can enter for free.
You can find the Haus Schwarzenberg Street Art Alley hidden behind Cafe Cinema — (one of the oldest cafes to have survived the gentrification in the area). The hidden alleyway is a street haven for street artists.
Location: Rosenthaler Straße/Rosenthaler Str. 39, 10178 Berlin, Germany
How To Get There: Take the train to S Hackescher Markt station.
One side is reserved solely for commissioned artists. The walls are painted over at least four times a year. The other, though considered illegal, is scattered with street art, stickers and stencils. As mentioned earlier, you can find El Bocho’s Little Lucy and Sobr’s Dancing Girls this side of the wall.
Along with many more residents, this alley houses an artist group called The Dead Chickens. They take pride in using big metal structures and mechanical tools in their art and paint around their area.
8) Mauerpark
Trivia: If you search “Mauerpark graffiti wall”, you’d find that the top related search result is “legal”. That’s because part of the Berlin Wall runs through the area and the side facing the park is free and legal for people to paint!
You’ll find people carrying spray cans and buckets of paint with the intention of working over another artists’ to start a fresh canvas for their own work.
Mauerpark is the most crowded on weekdays, especially on Sundays — when the weekly flea market is open. The entire area is buzzing with creatives! Climb up the hill to find the wall, watch these street artists do what they do best while listening to buskers.
Location: Gleimstraße 55, 10437 Berlin, Germany
How To Get There: Take the train and drop off at Berlin Nordbahnhof Station before taking the tram to Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Sportpark.
9) YAAM (Young African Art Market)
Trivia: Since 1994, YAAM has moved across Europe six times!
Marketed as a club and venue with live music, YAAM provides a space for graffiti workshops and an area for people to spray paint.
YAAM is vibrant during summer. Feel the warm sand between your toes in their beach bar and immerse yourself with the murals that surrounds the whole venue! If you do visit during the off peak season, do check out the bar that sells warm cider before walking around to see the street art within this community!
Location: An der Schillingbrücke 3, 10243 Berlin, Germany
How to Get There: Take the train to Berlin Ostbahnhof Station.
Timing: 11AM-12PM Daily
10) The East Side Gallery
Trivia: As the largest open-air gallery in the world, a lot of effort is used to maintain and upkeep the murals in Berlin due to the weather conditions.
After the fall of the Berlin Wall, many artists came from West Germany to the East. Spaces to rent were cheap, almost free.
The desire to express their new found freedom via art was rampant. Hence, a good number turned to graffiti art and the culture has grown ever since.
Since 1989, at least 118 artists from all around the world have been invited to contribute to The East Side Gallery. The pieces you see below are legal and taken care of very well.
The most popular would be of Dmitri Vrubel’s “My God, Help Me Survive This Deadly Love”, which was repainted in 2009, along with other art works, with better paints for durability.
The kiss is a not so subtle nod to East Germany and Russia’s history and their need for each other. This mural is surprisingly based off a real life moment and the footage can be found online.
What you can find at the East Side Gallery too, are scribbles from tourists all over the world, trying to make their mark as well. I would not recommend that and wish all visitors to respect the place.
Location: Mühlenstraße 3-100, 10243 Berlin, Germany
How To Get There: Berlin Ostbahnhof
Non-Stop Flight From Singapore to Berlin
Fly non-stop to Berlin from Singapore via Scoot!
You can start planning which street art spots to hunt down with Scoot, being the only low cost carrier to fly non-stop from Singapore to Berlin! With flights 4 times a week, there’s really no better time to check out these fleeting art pieces before they’re gone!
Get 13 hours of sleep on the 787 Dreamliner — the flights leaves Singapore in the morning at 12.25AM and you can expect to arrive at 7.20AM in Berlin!
Speaking of a long flight, don’t forget to add on the Long Haul Meal Bundle! The bundle comes with a Premium Meal Combo and Light Meal Combo. Altogether, you’d get 2 meals, 2 sides, a snack and 2 drinks throughout the flight. You get options of beef, chicken and vegetarian.
Say goodbye to Germany for the final time when you fly back to Singapore and receive Chicken Currywurst with Fries as one of your Premium Meal options! It will definitely satisfy your hunger pangs during the flight.
This post was brought to you by Scoot.
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yago
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https://theinkbrain.wordpress.com/tag/dance-of-the-wind/
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en
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Dance of the Wind
|
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Posts about Dance of the Wind written by theinkbrain
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en
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https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico
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theinkbrain
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https://theinkbrain.wordpress.com/tag/dance-of-the-wind/
|
These are the only two clips I could find from this currently unobtainable DVD. The story is about a daughter who is the student of her musician mother – and the story of how a musical tradition comes to be transmitted.
These are the notes which accompanied the Youtube clips:
A few excerpts from ‘Dance of the wind’ (1997), a film by Rajan Khosa.
Karuna Devi, mother of the female singer Pallavi, is at the end of her life. Karuna has been a great and celebrated singer, while her daughter Pallavi -though already succesfull- is still at the beginning of her career. When Karuna dies, Pallavi -played by the famous Indian actress Kitu Gidwani- feels she has not completed her mother’s training and still lacks a voice of her own, a voice she can maybe find by learning from the guru of her mother, an old man her mother never talked about and who might be still alive. The death of her mother deeply traumatizes Pallavi, so much that she literally loses her voice and is unable to sing for a long time. When she finally finds the guru of her mother – through a very young streetgirl who learns from him and sings marvellously – Pallavi regains her voice and from here she’ll be able to continue her career and tradition with a voice of her own.
Noted Hindustani classical singer, Shubha Mudgal composed the music, while playback was given by ‘Shweta Jhaveri’, Shanti Hirannand, and Brinda Roy Choudhuri. Other noted artists, who worked on soundtrack were, Sarangi performer, Ustad Sultan Khan, and noted flautist, Ronu Majumdar, and the film went on to win the ‘Gold Plaque for Music’ at the 1998 Chicago International Film Festival
The beautiful soundrack of the film is by Shubha Mudgal (composer here, but also a renowned raga singer). Shweta Jhaveri sings the music of Pallavi.
These are some classical compositions in Raga Bhairavi performed by one of my very favourite Hindustani Classical singers Shweta Javeri.
Dance of the Wind
https://theinkbrain.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/2-02-dance-of-the-wind-1.mp3
Niranjani Narayani – In praise of the Goddess
https://theinkbrain.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/05-niranjani-narayani_bhairavi.mp3
Devotional song (Bhajan) #1
https://theinkbrain.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/04-bhajan-bhairavi.mp3
Devotional song #2
https://theinkbrain.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/05-bhajan-bhairavi-2.mp3
Bhairavi is a female Raga. This is the Hindustani version of Bhairavi. The Bhairavi of the Carnatic (South Indian) system is a different raga.
Solfage in the Indian system is as follows.
Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa Dha, Ni Sa.
My compendium of ragas which claims to provide the Western note equivalent for Bhairavi Raga gives the scale as
C , D flat, E flat, F, G, A flat, B flat, (or A# which on a keyboard are represented by the same note) C
However, I noticed that the harmonium player in the clip provided to demonstrate Bhairavi Raga does not begin his scale on a natural note.
This of course does nothing to clear up the general confusion which appears as soon as the Indian system is described in terms of the Western.
Sot is better, in my view, to just think of the notes by name, and to recognise their groupings in terms of their intervals and ‘groupings’ in the ‘Pakad’.
But this is how Bhairavi is described in the Hindustani system.
Thaat – meaning something equivalent to genus) – Bhairavi
This is the sofage scale of the Hindustani Bhairavi.
As was determined earlier, the sounds of the notes themselves vary, though their names do not!
Aaroh (ascending scale) Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa
Avroh (descending scale) Sa Ni Dha Pa Ma Ga Re Sa
Pakad (or Pakar, the “signature phrase” of the raga) Ni Re Ga Ma Pa Ma Ga Re Sa
Vaadi: Ma
Samvaadi: Sa
But elsewhere the vadi is given as Ga and the samvadi as Ni.
I can think of no explanation for this…..
There are also some other variations of Pakad as follows.
The commas separate the recognisable groupings of notes which appear in these variations.
g S r S, ‘n S g m P d P, g m r S
g m P d P, g m r S, ‘d ‘n S, S r g r S
Bhairavi is considered a complete (Sampoorna) raga because it uses all seven notes in both ascending (Aroh) and descending (Avroh) scales.
It is a symmetrical raga, because its ascending scale descends in the same order.
Indian music is modal and microtonal. It uses 22 microtones within the octave, and it has uncountable ragas or modes arranged under the ten major categories or ‘thaats’.
The notes in a raga might or might not always be fixed. In what may be a terribly confusing system to western listeners, the solfage or sargam (sargam is a contraction of sa ri ga ma) may be retained while the ‘key’* is changed.
The resulting raga might then be referred to by its original name, or assume another identity! In other words, a raga might retain its identity while changing its manner of expression! So in the end, it is the characteristics of the Pakad (cognitive phrase) and swara sanchar (familiar note sequences) which make a raga recognisable.
As if it couldn’t get worse, some expressions of musical virtuosity (tirobhav/ahirbhav) use ‘camouflage’ to carry the raga into a series of variations,
before bringing in shades of other ragas, before taking it back ‘home’.
Properly speaking, the western system of fixed-note tuning does not permit microtones – since in a piano for instance, a C sharp and a D flat will make the same sound, whereas in the Indian system they will have different frequencies, therefore though raga swaras (notes) are ascribed western music equivalents, they might be tonally different.
Bhairavi is technically an early morning raga but it is usually played at the end of long evening/night recitals. It is intended to exalt and soothe and uplift the soul, but it can also be sad.
Ragas are believed to possess mood-inducing musical potency, and are said to have the power of ability and generating emotions and emotional archetypes. This is of course not an objective phenomenon, but one that is experienced within its cultural context. In the case of Bhairavi, it is the image of a woman who, filled with longing, awaits the arrival of her lover. So the feelings of devotion, separation and nostalgia can also be added to the list of evocations.
*
I use the word ‘key’ loosely here, because Indian music does not recognise key changes, and it does not have key signatures. Sargam/solfage alone is the equivalent of ‘key’.
One possible explanation of Bhairavi raga.
A more extensive demonstration in the form of a devotional song…
As in Medieval music, harmony did not have a place in Indian music, but that is beginning to change, and with it the purity of the form – however Western ears might find this fusion to their liking…..
The word Alaap refers to the open unbroken sound (with no meter or rhythmic accompaniment) used to express the ‘mood’ of a raga. It usually comes at the very beginning of a musical performance, as an explication of what is to follow.
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https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/gattu-a-kids-tale-of-education-and-courage-to-pursue-dreams-381162.html
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en
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Gattu: A kid's tale of education and courage to pursue dreams
|
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[
"BuzzPatrol",
"Nandita Das"
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2012-07-18T11:07:19+05:30
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"The film is about the have and have-nots and the right to education," says director-producer Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra.
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en
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https://images.firstpost.com/dlxczavtqcctuei/news18/static/images/fp/favicon.ico
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Firstpost
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https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/gattu-a-kids-tale-of-education-and-courage-to-pursue-dreams-381162.html
|
Can cinema and education co-exist for children? It can, and Gattu, a film by Rajan Khosa, promises to do that.
Many educationists came together to support Gattu and participate in a discussion about the pertinent subject of cinema and its role in education, on Friday, during the launch of Gattu’s promotional song â Laga le pech.
âWe can aim to make a difference in the way films are viewed and make them a learning tool,â said Nandita Das, actor and chairperson of Children’s Film Society India (CFSI).
Gattu is the first work by CFSI to be released commercially.
âWe also have a Kannada and an animation film coming up. Gattu will be a gate opener for all of them," Nandita told reporters at the event. “Through this release we hope to reach out to millions of children in India. Gattu gives me the courage to follow my dream as well. I will feel that if he can do it, so can I,” she said.
The film, starring Mohammas Samad as Gattu, has been directed by Rajan Khosa of Dance of the Wind fame.
Revealing the story, Khosa said the film is about a nine-year-old street boy who is obsessed with flying kites. “He wants to cut this black kite called Kali and for this he needs a high roof. He realises that the school has one and pretends to go to the school and wins the heart of all children,” he added.
Gattu opened at the 17th International Children’s Film Festival at Hyderabad. The film was held in high regards by critics and film reviewers all over the world. It had also been honoured with a special mention at the 62nd Berlin International Film Festival.
Director-producer Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra is supporting Gattu and says that the entertaining and wonderful story will take viewers back to their childhood days. “I am proud that I am associated with Gattu. I will do whatever I can to support the film,” said Mehra.
“The film is about the have and have-nots and the right to education. It is about all of us. I am sure it will be a lovely movie and I want to give it my entire support. Lower the budget, the more the challenges. The film seems entertaining and the story is wonderful. Let’s revisit our childhood through this film,” he added.
Laga le pech has been sung by Shubha Mudgal and child artists of Gattu. Lyrics are by Khosa and Ankur Tiwari and Sandesh Shandilya has composed it.
CFSI is a government body that produces, exhibits and distributes childrenâs cinema. Since its inception CFSI has given opportunities to young and imaginative film-makers and over the years some of the most delightful childrenâs content has been produced by the organisation. CFSI films are regularly shown on satellite channels, but this is the organisationâs first foray into a nation-wide theatrical release.
The film is being distributed in India by Rajshri Media and will release on 20 July.
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https://www.asiapacificscreenawards.com/apsa-academy-members/rajan-khosa
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en
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Asia Pacific Screen Awards
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[] |
[
""
] | null |
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2017-08-28T01:42:23+00:00
|
en
|
Asia Pacific Screen Awards
|
https://www.asiapacificscreenawards.com/apsa-academy-members/rajan-khosa
|
The Asia Pacific Screen Academy expresses its respect for and acknowledgement of the South East Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We pay our respects to the Traditional Owners of country, including the custodial communities on whose land works are created and celebrated by the Asia Pacific Screen Awards. We acknowledge the continuing connection to land, waters and communities. We also pay our respects to Elders, past and emerging. We recognise the integral role Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and First Nations peoples continue to play in storytelling and celebration spaces.
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https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/10-year-old-award-winning-movie-hits-indian-screens/story-4jduJMfDnG6USaTH1n99CK.html
|
en
|
10-year-old award-winning movie hits Indian screens
|
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[
"Dance of The Winds"
] | null |
[
"Jivraj Burman"
] |
2008-02-01T19:38:03+05:30
|
Ten years after it was completed and won accolades at international film festivals, Indian director Rajan Khosa's debut movie Dance of The Winds is finally being released in India.
|
en
|
Hindustan Times
|
https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/10-year-old-award-winning-movie-hits-indian-screens/story-4jduJMfDnG6USaTH1n99CK.html
|
The movie premiere was held at the PVR Juhu, a multiplex in northwest Mumbai, Thursday night.
Based on Rajan Khosa's own story, Dance of the Winds is about an Indian classical singer, Pallavi (Kitu Gidwani) who loses her voice after the death of her mother and mentor Karuna Devi (Kapila Vatsyayan).
After her husband (Bhaveen Gosain) and her loyal students desert her, Pallavi runs into her mother's music teacher (B.C. Sanyal). She takes strength from the teacher. She also meets a little urchin girl and budding singer Tara (Roshan Bano), who she is very impressed with. In the process of imitating the girl, Pallavi manages to regain her voice.
How she triumphs against all odds and survives a mental breakdown is what, in a nutshell, the movie is all about.
Explaining its delayed release in the country, Khosa said that the distributors in India earlier believed that Indian cinema audiences were not ready for a movie like Dance of The Winds and were reluctant to pick it up for India distribution.
"However, thanks to the multiplex chains, things have now changed for the better. PVR has come forward to show 'Dance of The Winds' in their theatre chains in Mumbai and New Delhi," he said.
Khosa emphasised the need for multiplexes to reserve at least one screen for non-commercial movies made by independent filmmakers as in the West.
He said he is delighted by the release, especially since the content of his debut movie is very much Indian and he wants Indians to see it. "Besides, it was largely shot in New Delhi - more than nine weeks," Khosa told IANS Thursday, before the premiere.
Before the movie went into production in 1997, Khosa faced a harrowing time raising funds. Finally, after Herculean efforts, six production companies from India, Britain, Germany, France, Switzerland and The Netherlands agreed to back the production venture. In India, the National Film Development Corporation part-financed the movie.
The music for the 90-minute movie has been composed by Shubha Mudgal and cinematography is by Piyush Shah. Robin Mukherjee has written the screenplay.
"Dance of The Winds" has won a series of international awards, including the Audience Award at the London Film Festival in 1997, Public Prize and Best Actress award at the Festival of Three Continents, France(1997), Gold Plaque at the Chicago Film Festival (1998), Critics Award at the Venice Film Festival (1997) and Best Director award at the British Asian Film Festival (1998).
The movie was also an official entry at the Karlovy Vary Film Festival, Melbourne Film Festival, Jerusalem Film Festival and International Film Festival of India in 1998.
Khosa's previous experience with the celluloid world was limited to making documentaries and short films, of which Flower Girl was critically acclaimed internationally.
|
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https://www.pandorafilm.com/filmography/dance-of-the-wind.html
|
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PANDORA FILM Produktion
|
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[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/favicon.png
| null |
DANCE OF THE WIND
SYNOPSIS
The film follows a young singer, Pallavi Sehgel, whose successful professional life comes to a sudden halt at the death of the woman, who was both her mother and teacher. We follow her downfall and recovery through the help of her mother's guru, Baba, and a mysterious young girl, Tara, who appears as if from nowhere.
|
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| 57
|
https://www.iaac.us/NYIFF2012/reviews53.htm
|
en
|
New York Indian Film Festival 2012
|
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The Indo-American Arts Council executive director Aroon Shivdasani (left) called onto the stage all award winners (right), at the end of the Twelfth New York Indian Film Festival, held on May 23 - 27. The award ceremony took place at New York Universityâs Skirball Center for the Performing Arts, on May 27.
(Pictures are by Archana Desai)
New York Indian Film Festival
Has Done India Proud
By M. P. PRABHAKARAN
The Indo-American Arts Council, established in 1998, has been at the forefront of organizations engaged in promoting Indiaâs arts and culture in the United States. It hosts numerous events â book launching, music concert, dance recital, art exhibition and so on â throughout the year, introducing to American audiences writers, artists, actors and performers from the Subcontinent and from among the Indian Diaspora.
Three events, which the IAAC has been hosting in New York annually, have steadily grown in influence and popularity: the New York Indian Film Festival, originally known as the Mahindra Indo-American Arts Council Film Festival, started in 2001; the Erasing Borders Exhibition of Contemporary Indian Art, started in 2004; and the Erasing Borders Festival of Indian Dance, started in 2008. This yearâs Erasing Borders events received rave reviews from the media, both American and Indian-American.
According to Aroon Shivdasani, the IAACâs executive director and co-founder, the âflagship eventâ of her organization is the New York Indian Film Festival. Born âin response to [then] Mayor [Rudolph] Giulianiâs call to New Yorkers to help rebuild a limping city,â after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, the festival has grown into something that the Indian community in New York and nearby states look forward to attending every year. This yearâs festival, held on May 23 through 27, presented more than 50 items â features, documentaries and short films.
âWe had to make some tough choicesâ in eliminating four-fifths of the 250-plus entries, says the director of the film festival, Aseem Chhabra. Though he and the other members of the programming committee had a tough time making the choices, they did a good. The films they chose for presentation stood out for their quality of production and content. Apart from Mr. Chhabra and Ms. Shivdasani, the four-member committee included Professor Satish Kolluri of Pace University and documentary film maker Parvez Sharma.
What the committee presented â starting with Bedabrata Painâs Chittagong and ending with Anurag Kashyapâs Gangs of Wasseypur â was a smorgasbord catering to varied tastes. The themes of the films ranged from patriotism to gangsterism, but each with a powerful message for the society at large. And the producers and directors ranged from veterans like Shyam Benegal to amateurs and novices, some fresh from film schools and others still studying there. The latter deserve all the encouragement and support they can get. It is to the credit of the programming committee that it decided to give them some exposure at an important event like this festival. For those amateurs and novices, especially students among them, the festival could as well be a launching pad to successful careers in filmdom. In addition, the shorts coming out of Mira Nair's film school in Uganda, including Moccasins and Zubu and the Photo Fish, were fascinating and gave the festival its broadest international scope ever.
Award Recipients
There was a general award â for Special Contribution to Indian Cinema. It was won by actor/director Rituparno Ghosh.
The Hindi film (with English subtitles) Gattu, directed by Rajan Khosa, won the Best Film Award. Premiered at the 62nd Berlin International Film Festival, Gattu is set in a small Indian town, whose sky is full of kites and whose kids are obsessed with kite flying. The story centers on an illiterate street urchin who takes upon himself the challenge of finding out why a kite called Kali always rules the skies and why no one knows who flies it. The message of the film: âDreams arenât impossible when the desire is strong.â Gattu also bagged the Best Young Actor Award. It was won by Mohammad Samad.
The Best Director Award went to Sujay Dahake for directing Shala, a Marathi film with English subtitles. Â Shala (meaning school), also won the Best Screenplay Award, which went to Avinash Deshpande. Set in the âturbulent Indiaâ under the Emergency rule imposed by the late Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1975-77, Shala is âa story of love, of circumstances, of passion, of friendship and of freedom.â Shala is based on the novel of the same title, by Milind Bokil.
The Hindi film (with English subtitles) Dekh Indian Circus, directed by Mangesh Hadawale, bagged both the Best Actress and the Best Actor Awards. They were won, respectively, by Tannishtha Chatterjee and Nawazuddin Siddiqui.
Award for Best Documentary went to Saving Face, by Daniel Junge and Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy. The documentary, in Urdu with English subtitles, depicts a despicable crime committed against women, especially in Pakistan. It is known as acid attack. Women get defaced when their estranged husband and in-laws vent their anger by pouring acid on them. Most of the cases go unreported. Saving Face has brought this scourge to the consciousness of the world by documenting two acid-attack victimsâ agony and their determination to bring their assailants to justice. It also documents the laudable, humane services rendered, in rehabilitating them through reconstructive surgery and counseling, by the London-based, Pakistani-born Dr. Mohammad Jawad. The fact that Saving Face has also won this yearâs Oscar for Best Documentary is a testament to the power of its theme.
Bombay Snow, by Chinmay Dalvi, won the Best Short Film Award. The Audience Choice Award went to Bornila Chatterjee, for her first feature film, Letâs Be Out, The Sun Is Shining.
A Curious Category
There was an award category I never heard of before: film made by cell phone. If in setting up this category the festival committee was setting a new trend, it deserves to be congratulated. With cell phones bringing about rapid changes in society, the trend is going to gain popularity. The Award for One-Minute Cell Phone Film was won by Caroline Cantone, a New York University student, for her film Love Lost.
The finale of the award ceremony was the bestowing of the Lifetime Achievement Award. The recipient was Shyam Benegal, a household name among movie-goers in India. Early on in the festival, the attendees were treated to a trilogy from Benegalâs repertoire â Mammo, Sardari Begum and Zubeida. All three were based on personal stories of Khalid Mohammed, Mumbai's well-known journalist, critic and filmmaker. Mammo tells the story of a Muslim family â Khalidâs family â torn apart when the Subcontinent got partitioned into India and Pakistan. Khalid is the son of Hindi film actress Zubeida Begum and the film Zubeida tells her story.
Starting from early 1970s, Shyam Benegal has produced and directed numerous films and won several prestigious awards. The Indian government honored him with a Padma Shri in 1976 and a Padma Bhushan in 1991. He has already won another lifetime achievement award, perhaps the highest and the most prestigious film award given in India â the Dadasaheb Phalke Award.
Holding the second lifetime achievement award in hand, Mr. Benegal told the audience assembled at New York Universityâs Skirball Center for the Performing Arts: âUsually, after receiving a lifetime achievement award, the recipient is expected to retire. I have no plan to retire.â The audience laughed, with applause to boot.
At the party after the award ceremony, I bumped into the real moving force behind the whole festival, Aroon Shivdasani. I couldnât help giving her a hug and exclaiming: âWhere do you get the energy from to do all this? You do India proud.â
Picture left: Shyam Benegal addressing the audience after receiving the Lifetime Achievement Award, at the Twelfth New York Indian Film Festival. To his right is veteran Indian diplomat Vijayan Nambiar who presented the award.
Picture right: Aseem Chhabra, the festival director, interviewing Anurag Kashyap, producer-director of Gangs of Wasseypur. The film, which was the final film presented at the festival, was also one of the three Kashyap films â two parts of Gangs of Wasseypur and Peddlers â selected for screening at this yearâs Cannes Film Festival. Mr. Kashyap flew into New York straight from Cannes on the last day of the New York festival. (Pictures are by Archana Desai)
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https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/Rajan_Khosa
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Rajan Khosa
|
https://en.bharatpedia.org/favicon.ico
|
https://en.bharatpedia.org/favicon.ico
|
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Rajan Khosa is an Indian writer-director-producer who has worked between the UK, Europe and India for much of his career.
He is best known for his directorial venture Gattu, which won at Berlin Film Festival...
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
https://en.bharatpedia.org/wiki/Rajan_Khosa
|
Rajan Khosa is an Indian writer-director-producer who has worked between the UK, Europe and India for much of his career.
He is best known for his directorial venture Gattu, which won at Berlin Film Festival. It won a Screen Award in India and 20 other international awards. Rajan came into the limelight with his debut feature film Dance of the Wind (1997),[1] which was a co-production between six countries, the very first of its kind in India, and was sold worldwide. It premiered at Venice and won awards at Rotterdam, Chicago, London, and Nantes, to name a few. In 2015-17, Rajan was creative director on animation project Selfie With Bajrangi a 104 episode series now on Amazon.
In 2014–16, he developed a large scale feature film with Disney-UTV. Rajan has been a recipient of the Huber Bals Award in Rotterdam & Montecinemaverite Award in Locarno. His half-hour Indian diploma Bodh-Vriksha (Wisdom Tree), which released in 1987, garnered him a National Award and three Oberhausen Awards. Along with being a voting member of BAFTA Awards, he’s also an alumnus of the Royal College of Arts London, FTII Pune, and NID Ahmedabad. Rajan is founder of Elephant Eye Productions that not only makes feature films but also produces spatial experiences with story, multiple projections and holography.
Biography[edit]
Rajan Khosa started his professional education at Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune, and Royal College of Art (RCA) London and also spend a few years at National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad.[2][3]
Awards[edit]
1985: National Film Award for Best Short Fiction Film: Wisdom Tree[4]
1997: London Film Festival: Audience Award: Dance of the Wind.
1997: Festival of Three Continents: Audience Award: Dance of the Wind.
1998: Chicago International Film Festival: Gold Plaque, Best Music: Dance of the Wind (1997)
1998: International Film Festival Rotterdam: Netpac Award: Dance of the Wind (1997)[5]
2012: 62nd Berlin International Film Festival- Special Mention - Best Film: Grand Prix of the Deutsches Kinderhilfswerk: Gattu [6]
2012: Asia Pacific Screen Awards: Nomination for Best Children's film: Gattu
2012: Colors Screen Award: Best Child Artist: Gattu
2012: Los Angeles International Film Festival: Audience Award for Best Feature: Gattu
2012: Tel Aviv International Children's Film Festival - Israel: Citation of Excellence Award: Gattu
2012: Castellinaria Film Festival - Switzerland: Bronze Castle Award: Gattu
2012: Castellinaria Film Festival - Switzerland: Pemio ASPI Award: Gattu
2012: Seoul International Youth Film Festival - South Korea: Audience Award: Gattu
2012: New York Indian Film Festival: Best Feature Film: Gattu
2012: New York Indian Film Festival: Best Young Actor: Gattu
2013: 42nd Roshd Int.Film Festival - Tehran-Iran: Diploma of Honor: Gattu
2013: China International Children's Film Festival: Best Performance by a Child Actor: Gattu
References[edit]
[edit]
Official website
Rajan Khosa on IMDb
Further reading[edit]
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Instagram
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Cinema beyond Hollywood
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"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=6035250&cv=2.0&cj=1&cs_ucfr=0&comscorekw=Film%2CCulture%2CIngmar+Bergman"
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2007-08-02T00:00:00
|
<p><strong>Letters: </strong> Peter Bradshaw's tribute to Ingmar Bergman (July 31) was marred by unthoughtful nostalgia. While it is arguable that in Britain commercial and institutional support for a cinema of ideas is at a low ebb, there never was a golden age when it was generous.</p>
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the Guardian
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https://www.theguardian.com/film/2007/aug/02/letters.features
|
Peter Bradshaw's tribute to Ingmar Bergman (July 31) was marred by unthoughtful nostalgia. While it is arguable that in Britain commercial and institutional support for a cinema of ideas is at a low ebb, there never was a golden age when it was generous. Nor is it true that film-makers, outside Africa and Iran, fail to tackle serious moral issues. In my view, examples of some who do would include, to mention a few at random, Laurent Cantet (L'Emploi du Temps) Aki Kaurismaki (Drifting Clouds), Rajan Khosa (Dance of the Wind) and Andrey Zvyagintsev (The Return).
In most countries, including Britain, there are audiences for thoughtful films and film makers who try to make them, but in Britain both have been frustrated by perverse policies which have increased subsidy to film via the tax regime, but cut or reduced funding for the fringes of the business which struggle in a market dominated by multinationals. The market by itself did not sustain the career which led to Winter Light and in Britain Bergman's films were not launched and made famous by cinemas controlled by multinationals.
Margaret Dickinson
London
The death of Bergman reminds me that in my youth the BBC would actually show an Ingmar Bergman or an Akira Kurosawa season, but these days such adventurous programming is beyond them. It is where I learned that cinema was more than Hollywood.
Henry Girling
London
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https://www.wgbh.org/people/shubha-mudgal
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Shubha Mudgal
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] |
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Shubha Mudgal was born in Allahabad, in 1959 in a musically dedicated family, who embraced literature as well as Indian and western music. Famously known as a versatile singer and a popular performer today, Shubha grew up in an artistic atmosphere of variety and innovation. As a child, she received training from some of the finest musicians and musicologists in India. Shubha MudgalMudgal hit the music circuit in the late 1980s, where she was regarded as one of the more promising classical vocalists, where she has fluttered away from Kabir, Tulsi, Meera and Sufi poetry to the rock-and-roll beats of Ab ke Sawan. Thus, her singing in different areas has also created more interest in Indian classical music among younger people. This classically trained musician Shubha Mudgal took the "blasphemous" step of straying into pop and now whenever young people do come to her concerts, they appreciate her music all the more. She has thus, innovated herself and made her desire to work with different musical forms, a reality. This is a surprising step from a classical singer, since some of the other classical vocalists have not really ventured into the Indian film world to that extent. Thus, she is first a student of voice rather than a student of only Khayal or only Thumri gharana. In addition to being a performer, Shubha is also recognized as a composer. It is the ancient poetry she has read throughout her training which did compel her to become a composer. A lot of what she sings is from the texts that she has been studying from. Shubha also enjoys working with artists of all mediums including with some of the leading dancers and filmmakers in the country. She received the award for Best Music Direction at the National Film Festival 1996 for her work in Meera Diwan`s film Amrit Beej. She did the soundtrack for Mira Nair`s film Kamasutra and also gave the score for Rajan Khosa`s Dance of the Wind. She has composed for dancers like Aditi Mangaldas and Sonal Mansingh and for ballets like Meera and Krishna Katha of the Shri Ram Bharatiya Kala Kendra.
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/apple-touch-icon.png
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GBH
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https://www.wgbh.org/people/shubha-mudgal
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vocalist, musician, composer
Shubha Mudgal was born in Allahabad, in 1959 in a musically dedicated family, who embraced literature as well as Indian and western music. Famously known as a versatile singer and a popular performer today, Shubha grew up in an artistic atmosphere of variety and innovation. As a child, she received training from some of the finest musicians and musicologists in India. Shubha MudgalMudgal hit the music circuit in the late 1980s, where she was regarded as one of the more promising classical vocalists, where she has fluttered away from Kabir, Tulsi, Meera and Sufi poetry to the rock-and-roll beats of Ab ke Sawan. Thus, her singing in different areas has also created more interest in Indian classical music among younger people. This classically trained musician Shubha Mudgal took the "blasphemous" step of straying into pop and now whenever young people do come to her concerts, they appreciate her music all the more. She has thus, innovated herself and made her desire to work with different musical forms, a reality. This is a surprising step from a classical singer, since some of the other classical vocalists have not really ventured into the Indian film world to that extent. Thus, she is first a student of voice rather than a student of only Khayal or only Thumri gharana. In addition to being a performer, Shubha is also recognized as a composer. It is the ancient poetry she has read throughout her training which did compel her to become a composer. A lot of what she sings is from the texts that she has been studying from. Shubha also enjoys working with artists of all mediums including with some of the leading dancers and filmmakers in the country. She received the award for Best Music Direction at the National Film Festival 1996 for her work in Meera Diwan`s film Amrit Beej. She did the soundtrack for Mira Nair`s film Kamasutra and also gave the score for Rajan Khosa`s Dance of the Wind. She has composed for dancers like Aditi Mangaldas and Sonal Mansingh and for ballets like Meera and Krishna Katha of the Shri Ram Bharatiya Kala Kendra.
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https://indianraga.wordpress.com/tag/shweta-jhaveri/
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en
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shweta jhaveri
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Posts about shweta jhaveri written by indianraga
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en
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https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/88a9d2330c31978b533ceebf4450f1e16155eef96dd0c1fc4bbb72407e03a46c?s=32
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Indian Raga
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https://indianraga.wordpress.com/tag/shweta-jhaveri/
|
Very few films have featured Hindustani classical music as their central theme. Dance of the Wind (or Swara Mandal) is a 1997 Hindi film, written and directed by Rajan Khosa. The film was a co-production between five countries, including UK, Germany and India. A celebration of classical music traditions, the film captures the beauty of ancient Indian music and the culture from which it emanates.
Pallavi (Kitu Gidwani), a budding Indian classical singer, is the daughter and student of celebrated classical singer, Karuna Devi (Kapila Vatsyayan). While she was still gaining her confidence, her mother expires suddenly. Due to this shock Pallavi lost not just her bearings but also her voice, subsequently she also loses her career, her students, and her husband. It is only after she meets a young street urchin, Tara and start teaching her, following the guru-shishya parampara (master-student tradition) of Indian classical music, as her mother once did with her, does she begin to find herself again, and also her voice.
The beautiful soundtrack of the film is by Shubha Mudgal, while playback was given by Shweta Jhaveri (for Pallavi), Shanti Hiranand (for Karuna Devi), and Brinda Roy Choudhuri (for Tara). Other noted artists, who worked on the soundtrack were, Sarangi maestro, Ustad Sultan Khan, and noted flautist, Ronu Majumdar.
The Concert – Shweta Jhaveri : (Download)
http://www.fileden.com/files/2009/5/21/2450334/dance-of-the-wind-02-the-concert-shweta-jhaveri.mp3
Tara’s Song – Brinda Roy Choudhuri : (Download)
http://www.fileden.com/files/2009/5/21/2450334/dance-of-the-wind-03-taras-song-brinda-roy-choudhuri.mp3
I recently met Brinda Roy Choudhuri on eSnips.com and she was surprised that I remembered her name. She did not have copies of the songs she sang for this film (she was 11 years old then). I was too glad to oblige. She is a 25 year old, highly talented singer now. Shweta Jhaveri, as we all know, is a well known classical vocalist of today. Shanti Hiranand is better known for a biography of her guru, the legendary Begum Akhtar: The Story of my Ammi. She also played a miniscule role of Siddhartha’s mother in Conrad Rooks’ 1972 movie Siddhartha. She is a superb singer and I wonder why more of her songs are not available today.
Echoes in Time 1 – Shanti Hiranand : (Download)
http://www.fileden.com/files/2009/5/21/2450334/dance-of-the-wind-04-echoes-in-time-1-shanti-hiranand.mp3
Heart of Darkness – Shweta Jhaveri : (Download)
http://www.fileden.com/files/2009/5/21/2450334/dance-of-the-wind-05-heart-of-darkness-shweta-jhaveri.mp3
Echoes in Time 2 – Shanti Hiranand : (Download)
http://www.fileden.com/files/2009/5/21/2450334/dance-of-the-wind-06-echoes-in-time-2-shanti-hiranand.mp3
The film was premiered at 1997 Venice Film Festival, and became India’s official entry at the Karlovy Vary Film Festival, Melbourne Film Festival, Jerusalem Film Festival and International Film Festival of India (IFFI) in 1998. The film went on to win the ‘Gold Plaque for Music’ at the 1998 Chicago Film Festival. However, it was commercially released in India, only in February 2008.
indianraga
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https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/i-am-dyslexic-pakhi-tyrewala/articleshow/7116523.cms
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en
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I am dyslexic: Pakhi Tyrewala
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[
"Pakhi Tyrewala",
"John Abraham"
] | null |
[
"Garima Sharma"
] |
2010-12-18T00:00:00+05:30
|
From Saket to the suburbs of Mumbai, Pakhi Tyrewala says her journey is that of a true blue Dilli ki kudi finding a foothold in Tinseltown.
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The Times of India
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https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/i-am-dyslexic-pakhi-tyrewala/articleshow/7116523.cms
|
Garima Sharma is a correspondent at Delhi Times. She covers Bollywood and fashion. She likes to eat out and shop, and has a special weakness for earrings. She also loves to travel. She likes to watch the masala movies she writes about.
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https://boo.world/database/profile/343617/rajan-khosa-personality-type
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Rajan Khosa's Personality Unveiled: MBTI, Enneagram and More
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What 16 personality type is Rajan Khosa from Screenwriters? Find out Rajan Khosa's 16 type, Enneagram, and Zodiac sign in the Soulverse, the comprehensive personality database.
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en
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/icon.png
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Boo
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https://boo.world/database/profile/343617/rajan-khosa-personality-type
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Rajan Khosa Bio
Rajan Khosa is a prominent figure in the Indian film industry, recognized for his contributions as a director and screenwriter. Born and raised in India, Khosa is known for his unique style of storytelling and his ability to capture the essence of his subjects on screen. With a career spanning over two decades, he has directed and written numerous critically acclaimed films that have garnered international recognition. Khosa made his directorial debut in 1995 with the film "Dance of the Wind." This film, which tells the story of a young woman's journey to become a classical Indian singer, received widespread acclaim and marked Khosa as a promising talent in the industry. His ability to depict the intricacies of traditional Indian art forms while exploring themes of self-discovery and identity resonated with audiences worldwide. In 2003, Khosa directed his second feature film, "Bija," which premiered at the Cannes Film Festival. This thought-provoking drama revolves around a young man's struggle to overcome poverty and gain access to education. With its powerful storytelling and social commentary, "Bija" showcased Khosa's ability to shed light on pressing societal issues through his films. Khosa's most recent film, "Gattu" (2011), exemplifies his commitment to storytelling that connects with audiences across generations. This heartwarming tale focuses on a young boy's dream of flying a kite, showcasing the innocence and determination of childhood. With its universal themes of hope and perseverance, "Gattu" achieved critical acclaim and won several awards at film festivals around the world. Rajan Khosa's films have consistently received accolades for their artistic merit and ability to touch the emotional core of audiences. As one of India's most talented filmmakers, he continues to inspire and captivate fans and aspiring filmmakers alike with his unique storytelling style and commitment to highlighting societal issues through his work.
What 16 personality type is Rajan Khosa?
Rajan Khosa, as an INFP, tends to know what they believe in and stick to it. They also have great convictions, which can make them very persuasive. These people make life decisions based on their moral compass. Despite the sad fact, they strive to see the good in people and situations. INFPs are often idealistic and romantic. They sometimes have a strong sense of morality, and they are always looking for ways to make the world a better place. They daydream a lot and become lost in their imagination. While seclusion does ease their spirit, a large part of them still longs for deep and meaningful interactions. They feel more at ease in the company of friends who share their beliefs and wavelength. Once INFPs get obsessed, it is difficult for them to quit caring about others. Even the most difficult people open up in the company of these compassionate and nonjudgmental spirits. Their real intentions allow them to sense and respond to the needs of others. Despite their individualism, their sensitivity helps them see through people's masks and empathize with their circumstances. They value trust and honesty in their personal lives and social interactions.
Which Enneagram Type is Rajan Khosa?
Rajan Khosa is an Enneagram Six personality type with a Five wing or 6w5. 6w5s are more introverted, self-controlled and intellectual person than the 7th. They are usually the smarty pants who seem to get everything figured out in a group. Their love for privacy can sometimes come off as being aloof with the influence of this inner guidance system called "The Fifth Wing."
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Festival des 3 Continents
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2022-07-25T10:33:07+00:00
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Festival des 3 Continents
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https://www.3continents.com/en/film/la-danse-du-vent/
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“Dance of the Wind”captures the5000-year-old tradition of passing Hindustani classical music through generations, in contemporary New Delhi. Young singer Pallavi Sehgel’s successful professional life cornes to a sudden hait at the death of the woman and musician who was both her mother and teacher. At the end of an inner quest and with the help of her mother’s guru, Baba, she will discover the mysteries of silence and rekindle her lost voice.
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Rajan Khosa – mad about moviez.in
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2015-07-20T12:58:53+05:30
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Posts about Rajan Khosa written by joinshri, Jox2jox, and Admin
|
en
|
https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/3f6ff8bd24a59904db0577d0b621ec3347526151c28a62730d87a3e99a019e08?s=32
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mad about moviez.in
|
https://madaboutmoviez.in/tag/rajan-khosa/
|
A graphic designer by training, Ranjit Singh studied Film and T.V production in Delhi before moving to Mumbai for work. He started off as an A.D before going on to work in the area of art direction and production design. After assisting on various projects including Qissa, Jalpari and War Chhod Na Yaar, he has handled independent assignments with Gattu, Dilliwali Zaalim Girlfriend and now Masaan. In a freewheeling conversation with MAM, Ranjit Singh takes us through his journey with Masaan and many other things.
Read on….Continue reading “In Conversation with Production Designer Ranjit Singh: On his ‘Masaan’ Journey and More”
The Dubai Film Festival coverage continues, this time focussing on India, with reviews of Valley of Saints, Miss Lovely, Shutter, Gattu, Shobdo and Shahid.
This year, as always, the Dubai Film Festival had a fair share of offerings from the subcontinent.
A special program titled ‘Celebration of Indian Cinema’ brought together some interesting films from various parts of the country which included Hansal Mehta’s gripping biopic Shahid, Kaushik Ganguly’s Shobdo, Joy Mathew’s debut feature Shutter and Tryodoshi (Quarter 1)– Buddhadeb Dasgupta’s magical big screen interpretation of some of Rabindranath Tagore’s select poems.Continue reading “DIFF 2012 – The MAM coverage Part 2”
Part of the prestigious line-up at this year’s Berlin Film Festival, Gattu is a film produced by the Children’s Film Society of India ( CFSI ) and directed by Rajan Khosa. Written by Rajan Khosa himself along with Ankur Tiwari and K.D.Satyam, the film has music by Sandesh Shandilya and Satya Rai Nagpaul is the DOP. The CFSI is also looking at going ahead with a theatrical release of the film, later this year. Rajan Khosa is an alumnus of the Royal College of Arts, London, FTII, Pune, and NID, Ahmedabad and he’s also a voting member of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). He has earlier made films like Dance of the Wind ( which has been popular in the Festival Circuit & won a National Award too ) and various short films.Continue reading “Gattu-Sneak Peek”
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Rajan Khosa – mad about moviez.in
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2015-07-20T12:58:53+05:30
|
Posts about Rajan Khosa written by joinshri, Jox2jox, and Admin
|
en
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https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/3f6ff8bd24a59904db0577d0b621ec3347526151c28a62730d87a3e99a019e08?s=32
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mad about moviez.in
|
https://madaboutmoviez.in/tag/rajan-khosa/
|
A graphic designer by training, Ranjit Singh studied Film and T.V production in Delhi before moving to Mumbai for work. He started off as an A.D before going on to work in the area of art direction and production design. After assisting on various projects including Qissa, Jalpari and War Chhod Na Yaar, he has handled independent assignments with Gattu, Dilliwali Zaalim Girlfriend and now Masaan. In a freewheeling conversation with MAM, Ranjit Singh takes us through his journey with Masaan and many other things.
Read on….Continue reading “In Conversation with Production Designer Ranjit Singh: On his ‘Masaan’ Journey and More”
The Dubai Film Festival coverage continues, this time focussing on India, with reviews of Valley of Saints, Miss Lovely, Shutter, Gattu, Shobdo and Shahid.
This year, as always, the Dubai Film Festival had a fair share of offerings from the subcontinent.
A special program titled ‘Celebration of Indian Cinema’ brought together some interesting films from various parts of the country which included Hansal Mehta’s gripping biopic Shahid, Kaushik Ganguly’s Shobdo, Joy Mathew’s debut feature Shutter and Tryodoshi (Quarter 1)– Buddhadeb Dasgupta’s magical big screen interpretation of some of Rabindranath Tagore’s select poems.Continue reading “DIFF 2012 – The MAM coverage Part 2”
Part of the prestigious line-up at this year’s Berlin Film Festival, Gattu is a film produced by the Children’s Film Society of India ( CFSI ) and directed by Rajan Khosa. Written by Rajan Khosa himself along with Ankur Tiwari and K.D.Satyam, the film has music by Sandesh Shandilya and Satya Rai Nagpaul is the DOP. The CFSI is also looking at going ahead with a theatrical release of the film, later this year. Rajan Khosa is an alumnus of the Royal College of Arts, London, FTII, Pune, and NID, Ahmedabad and he’s also a voting member of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). He has earlier made films like Dance of the Wind ( which has been popular in the Festival Circuit & won a National Award too ) and various short films.Continue reading “Gattu-Sneak Peek”
|
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yago
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3
| 36
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https://www.justwatch.com/us/movie/dance-of-the-wind
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en
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Swara Mandal streaming: where to watch movie online?
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"Dance of the Wind streaming",
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1997-12-14T00:00:00
|
Find out how and where to watch "Swara Mandal" online on Netflix, Prime Video, and Disney+ today – including 4K and free options.
|
en
|
/appassets/favicon.ico
|
JustWatch
|
https://www.justwatch.com/us/movie/dance-of-the-wind
|
The mother of the Indian female singer Pallavi (Kitu Gidwani) is at the end of her life. She was master and teacher for her daughter for the art of Indian singing. But she will not be able to complete her lessons. So Pallavi experiences the lack of the guru of her mother. Finally she finds him in a very young street-girl who is able to sing marvelously. But this girl keeps disappearing again and again...
|
||||
15558
|
yago
|
3
| 37
|
https://www.exoticindiaart.com/product/audiovideo/dance-of-wind-dvd-izz551/
|
en
|
Dance of The Wind (DVD)
|
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From DVDs collection, Dance of The Wind (DVD) (Rajan KhosaNational Film Development Corporation Ltd.(2013) (Shemaroo)86 minutes Approx.)
|
en
|
/images/logo-favicon.ico
|
https://www.exoticindiaart.com/product/audiovideo/dance-of-wind-dvd-izz551/
|
About the DVD
Starring:
Kitu Gidwani, Bhaveen Gosain, Roshan Bano, B. C. Sanyal, Kapila Vatsayan
Director: Rajan Khosa
Producer: NFDC, Elephant Eyes & Pandora Films
Camera: Piyush Shah
Music: Shubha Mudgal
Awards:
London Film Festival 1997: Audience Award
Festival of 3 Continents 1997: Public Prize & Best Actress
Chicago Festival 1998: Gold Plaque Best Music
Venice Film Festival 1997: Selected for Critics Week
Rotterdam Film Festival 1998: Best Asian film (Netpac Award)
British Asian Film Festival 1998: Best Director
Set in contemporary New Delhi, the film captures the 5000-year-old tradition of passing on the legacy of Hindustani music, taught by parent to child, by Guru to disciple, over generations. A young singer’s successful professional life comes to a sudden halt at the death of her mother and teacher. The film traces her downfall and recovery through the help of her mother’s guru, and a mysterious young girl, Tara.
|
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15558
|
yago
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0
| 62
|
https://www.facebook.com/musicverandah/videos/kitu-gidwani-show/675521913588170/
|
en
|
18th February 2022 , Friday , 8:30pmIST, Kitu Gidwani-a sunshine person at Music Verandah & Green Verandah .. Kitu Gidwani , an Indian Film & Television...
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
18th February 2022 , Friday , 8:30pmIST, Kitu Gidwani-a sunshine person at Music Verandah & Green Verandah ..
Kitu Gidwani , an Indian Film & Television...
|
de
|
https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yT/r/aGT3gskzWBf.ico
|
https://www.facebook.com/musicverandah/videos/kitu-gidwani-show/675521913588170/
| ||||||
15558
|
yago
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3
| 60
|
https://www.tiktok.com/discover/chin-wali-ladkiyon-ke-phone-number
|
en
|
Make Your Day
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
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en
| null | ||||||||
15558
|
yago
|
3
| 3
|
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0118924/
|
en
|
Tanz des Windes (1997)
|
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[] |
[
"Reviews",
"Showtimes",
"DVDs",
"Photos",
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[] |
1998-10-01T00:00:00
|
Tanz des Windes: Directed by Rajan Khosa. With Ami Arora, Roshan Bano, Kitu Gidwani, Bhaveen Gosain. A classical Indian singer (Kitu Gidwani) loses her voice but regains it after copying a child's intonation.
|
en
|
IMDb
|
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0118924/
|
I enjoyed wisdom and symbolic messages to watch this film. (I have seen it 4 times up to now) I am spiritual searcher and Baba's message at the end :"If you stop searching, Music will find You", it was message to me and my search.. Watching this movie you can taste this Indian non-hurry,calm sensitive way of living.. Pallavi expressed her feelings so wonderful.It was not much needed to read subtitles. I had German subtitles and it was little hard to understand all..
There are many symbolic scenes ..like Neem tree,as holy tree,little girl with Baba,(who is she?-Goddess Saraswati?somebody of my friends said.) It is needed to know little about Indian tradition and meaning of passing traditional teaching from Guru to disciple.Here I got message ..find your own way!
|
|||||
15558
|
yago
|
0
| 23
|
http://www.iaac.us/NYIFF2012/gattu.htm
|
en
|
New York Indian Film Festival 2012
|
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Zubu and the Photo Fish
Moccasins
Saturday, May 26, 2012, 12 noon, Theatre 1, Tribeca Cinemas.
Gattu
Directed by Rajan Khosa
India 2011. 1 hr 32 mins. Hindi (with English subtitles)
Cast: Mohammad Samad, Naresh Kumar and Bhura
Winner International Jury Generation Kplus Special Mention 2012 Berlin International Film Festival
In this town, the sky is full of kites, and all the kids are obsessed with kite-flying. There is a kite called KALI that rules the skies. No one knows who flies Kali. No one can defeat Kali. An illiterate street urchin takes up the challenge. With neither money nor education on his side, he sets out for his goal. Dreams aren't impossible when the desire is strong... Premiered internationally at The 62nd Berlin International Film Festival.
Rajan Khosa was born in Bhopal and grew up in New Delhi. He dropped out of a design school, NID, Ahmedabad, to train in Film Direction at FTII, Pune. His half hour diploma WISDOM TREE (Bodhvriksha), 1985 garnered him a National Award in India and three International Awards at Oberhausen, Germany. In 1990-91 he specialized in Film Direction at Royal College of Arts in London and subsequently lived and practiced in London until 2005. He now lives in Mumbai. Rajan's acclaimed debut feature film Dance of the Wind, 1997, was set in the world of Indian classical music. It was produced by well know German producer Karl Baumgartner with NRW Fund, BFI in UK and CNC in France. It premiered at Venice Film Festival and garnered awards at Rotterdam, Chicago, London, Nantes etc., while enjoying a successful worldwide theatrical release. Rajan created his innovative production outfit - Elephant Eye, first in London and now in Mumbai. It has done various film installations, several short films and music videos, for a wide variety of private and public clients. Rajan has served on various juries and is a 'voting member' of the British Academy Awards (BAFTA awards).
with
Zubu and the Photo Fish - Maisha Film Labs
Directed By: Zipporah Nyaruri
Cast: Benjamin Abemigisha, Patrick Mujuuka, James King Bagyenzi, Kaya Kagimu
Zipporah (Zippy) Nyaruri is an independent filmmaker who has written and directed her first narrative short film “Zebu and The Photofish” and is currently editing ‘The making of’ of a feature film, Black Butterflies shot in South Africa.
Zipporah’s background has been in producing, directing and editing short, commissioned and noncommissioned documentaries in Uganda and Kenya.
Her first documentary ‘Maama Emerre’ was screened at the Slow Food Film Festival in Italy and other festivals and thereafter commissioned for rescreening in schools and nonprofitâmaking institutions in Italy in the year 2008/9.
Zipporah graduated from the Kenya Institute of Mass Communication and holds an Upper Second class Bachelor’s degree in Business Studies.
With
Moccasins - Maisha Film Labs
Directed By: Denis Kimathi
Cast: Abdul Serugo, Geofrey Bomboka, Aisha Nazziwa Kirabo, Jack Kinobe Sserunkuuma, Confidence Mugisha.
10 year old Jamin is the most dependable player in his estateâs children football team. One afternoon after a victorious game, he goes home to find his father has bought him his first pair of shoes. He holds the shoes and cannot take his eyes off them. He becomes obsessed with his new shoes fearing to take them off in case they get stolen. He also will not play in them in case they are spoiled His team mates beg him to take the shoes off and get on to the field but he refuses. When Jamin does not play his team always loses. He has to choose between the love for his new shoes, the love of football or risk losing his team matesâ friendship and respect.
Denis M. Kimathi, 21 years old, was born and raised in Kenya. He studied Electronic Media with Electives in Print Media at Daystar University. He sets out to a renowned and prolific African  filmmaker, writer and graphic designer with the aim of entertaining, and enlightening Africa and the world.
With
Zaire
Directed by Suphala
USA 2011 3:24
Video by Suphala and Cassim Shepard
Music: "Zaire" by Suphala and John Hadfield's ELECTROCUSSION
Camera: Ray Marmolejo
Suphala is one of the most versatile young tabla artists making music today. A protégé of the great tabla masters Ustad Allarakha and Ustad Zakir Hussain, Suphala is fluent in a diversity of musical traditions that inform her unique compositions and her highly improvisational performances.
The three albums she has released to date â Instru Mental (2000), The Now (2005) and Blueprint (2007) â go beyond the limits of genre and style while referencing such diverse influences as Western classical, Indian classical, jazz, folk and soul. Her concerts also break down boundaries: she made history in early 2005 when she traveled to Kabul, Afghanistan as the first musician to play in public since the fall of the Taliban.
The musicians she has recorded or performed with include Norah Jones, Perry Ferrell, Edie Brickell, Vernon Reid, Timbaland, Sean Lennon, 4Hero, Harper Simon, Yoko Ono, Vijay Iyer, Joan Osbourne, and Michael Bland among others. The artistic alliances Suphala forms â including ensembles with vocals, strings, woodwinds, reeds and percussion â are an integral part of her innovative approach to making music. With her unique rhythmic and melodic vocabulary and production chops that are both rigorous and inventive, the next phase of Suphala's evolving musical expression is bound to continue a trajectory rooted in a deep understanding of the proud legacy of the tabla and a passionate commitment to expand the scope of its expression and to communicate it to the wider world.
Cassim Shepard is the editor of Urban Omnibus, an online publication of the Architectural League of New York. Trained in filmmaking, urban geography and urban planning, he produces non-fiction media about cities, buildings and places. He has exhibited video work at the Musee de la civilisation, Quebec; the Cineteca di Bologna; the Salone del Mobile, Milan; the Venice Architecture Biennale 2006; and the United Nations, where his most recent video project chronicled life in six informal settlements around the world for the Cooper-Hewitt exhibition Design with the Other 90%: CITIES. He is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture at Columbia University and a Poiesis Fellow at the Institute for Public Knowledge at New York University.
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yago
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http://www.iaac.us/NYIFF2012/gattu.htm
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en
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New York Indian Film Festival 2012
|
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Zubu and the Photo Fish
Moccasins
Saturday, May 26, 2012, 12 noon, Theatre 1, Tribeca Cinemas.
Gattu
Directed by Rajan Khosa
India 2011. 1 hr 32 mins. Hindi (with English subtitles)
Cast: Mohammad Samad, Naresh Kumar and Bhura
Winner International Jury Generation Kplus Special Mention 2012 Berlin International Film Festival
In this town, the sky is full of kites, and all the kids are obsessed with kite-flying. There is a kite called KALI that rules the skies. No one knows who flies Kali. No one can defeat Kali. An illiterate street urchin takes up the challenge. With neither money nor education on his side, he sets out for his goal. Dreams aren't impossible when the desire is strong... Premiered internationally at The 62nd Berlin International Film Festival.
Rajan Khosa was born in Bhopal and grew up in New Delhi. He dropped out of a design school, NID, Ahmedabad, to train in Film Direction at FTII, Pune. His half hour diploma WISDOM TREE (Bodhvriksha), 1985 garnered him a National Award in India and three International Awards at Oberhausen, Germany. In 1990-91 he specialized in Film Direction at Royal College of Arts in London and subsequently lived and practiced in London until 2005. He now lives in Mumbai. Rajan's acclaimed debut feature film Dance of the Wind, 1997, was set in the world of Indian classical music. It was produced by well know German producer Karl Baumgartner with NRW Fund, BFI in UK and CNC in France. It premiered at Venice Film Festival and garnered awards at Rotterdam, Chicago, London, Nantes etc., while enjoying a successful worldwide theatrical release. Rajan created his innovative production outfit - Elephant Eye, first in London and now in Mumbai. It has done various film installations, several short films and music videos, for a wide variety of private and public clients. Rajan has served on various juries and is a 'voting member' of the British Academy Awards (BAFTA awards).
with
Zubu and the Photo Fish - Maisha Film Labs
Directed By: Zipporah Nyaruri
Cast: Benjamin Abemigisha, Patrick Mujuuka, James King Bagyenzi, Kaya Kagimu
Zipporah (Zippy) Nyaruri is an independent filmmaker who has written and directed her first narrative short film “Zebu and The Photofish” and is currently editing ‘The making of’ of a feature film, Black Butterflies shot in South Africa.
Zipporah’s background has been in producing, directing and editing short, commissioned and noncommissioned documentaries in Uganda and Kenya.
Her first documentary ‘Maama Emerre’ was screened at the Slow Food Film Festival in Italy and other festivals and thereafter commissioned for rescreening in schools and nonprofitâmaking institutions in Italy in the year 2008/9.
Zipporah graduated from the Kenya Institute of Mass Communication and holds an Upper Second class Bachelor’s degree in Business Studies.
With
Moccasins - Maisha Film Labs
Directed By: Denis Kimathi
Cast: Abdul Serugo, Geofrey Bomboka, Aisha Nazziwa Kirabo, Jack Kinobe Sserunkuuma, Confidence Mugisha.
10 year old Jamin is the most dependable player in his estateâs children football team. One afternoon after a victorious game, he goes home to find his father has bought him his first pair of shoes. He holds the shoes and cannot take his eyes off them. He becomes obsessed with his new shoes fearing to take them off in case they get stolen. He also will not play in them in case they are spoiled His team mates beg him to take the shoes off and get on to the field but he refuses. When Jamin does not play his team always loses. He has to choose between the love for his new shoes, the love of football or risk losing his team matesâ friendship and respect.
Denis M. Kimathi, 21 years old, was born and raised in Kenya. He studied Electronic Media with Electives in Print Media at Daystar University. He sets out to a renowned and prolific African  filmmaker, writer and graphic designer with the aim of entertaining, and enlightening Africa and the world.
With
Zaire
Directed by Suphala
USA 2011 3:24
Video by Suphala and Cassim Shepard
Music: "Zaire" by Suphala and John Hadfield's ELECTROCUSSION
Camera: Ray Marmolejo
Suphala is one of the most versatile young tabla artists making music today. A protégé of the great tabla masters Ustad Allarakha and Ustad Zakir Hussain, Suphala is fluent in a diversity of musical traditions that inform her unique compositions and her highly improvisational performances.
The three albums she has released to date â Instru Mental (2000), The Now (2005) and Blueprint (2007) â go beyond the limits of genre and style while referencing such diverse influences as Western classical, Indian classical, jazz, folk and soul. Her concerts also break down boundaries: she made history in early 2005 when she traveled to Kabul, Afghanistan as the first musician to play in public since the fall of the Taliban.
The musicians she has recorded or performed with include Norah Jones, Perry Ferrell, Edie Brickell, Vernon Reid, Timbaland, Sean Lennon, 4Hero, Harper Simon, Yoko Ono, Vijay Iyer, Joan Osbourne, and Michael Bland among others. The artistic alliances Suphala forms â including ensembles with vocals, strings, woodwinds, reeds and percussion â are an integral part of her innovative approach to making music. With her unique rhythmic and melodic vocabulary and production chops that are both rigorous and inventive, the next phase of Suphala's evolving musical expression is bound to continue a trajectory rooted in a deep understanding of the proud legacy of the tabla and a passionate commitment to expand the scope of its expression and to communicate it to the wider world.
Cassim Shepard is the editor of Urban Omnibus, an online publication of the Architectural League of New York. Trained in filmmaking, urban geography and urban planning, he produces non-fiction media about cities, buildings and places. He has exhibited video work at the Musee de la civilisation, Quebec; the Cineteca di Bologna; the Salone del Mobile, Milan; the Venice Architecture Biennale 2006; and the United Nations, where his most recent video project chronicled life in six informal settlements around the world for the Cooper-Hewitt exhibition Design with the Other 90%: CITIES. He is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture at Columbia University and a Poiesis Fellow at the Institute for Public Knowledge at New York University.
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0
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https://prodkeyshub.com/pmdb/titles/320180/dance-of-the-wind
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en
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Cast, Trailer, Reviews, OTT, Watch Online, Budget, Release date
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[
"reviews",
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The mother of the Indian female singer Pallavi (Kitu Gidwani) is at the end of her life. She was master and teacher for her daughter for the art of Indian singing. But she will not be able to complete her lessons. So Pallavi experiences the lack of the guru of her mother. Finally she finds him in a very young street-girl who is able to sing marvelously. But this girl keeps disappearing again and again...
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en
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favicon/icon-144x144.png
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PMDB
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https://prodkeyshub.com/pmdb/titles/320180/swara-mandal
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15558
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https://ordinaryplat.com/No-Applicable-Skills
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en
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Skills — ORDINARY PLAT
|
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Troy Schaum in conversation with Ambrish Arora No [Applicable] Skills: Nimble Practice in Formation...
|
en
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https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/e8fe4546464f317ee887ffa28da604eb1e10a0a1b7a3f2bbf13a770101e4ea7e/Chen-Pei-Yi-1.ico
|
https://ordinaryplat.com/No-Applicable-Skills
|
Troy Schaum in conversation with Ambrish Arora
No [Applicable] Skills: Nimble Practice in Formation
TS (Troy Schaum): My studio from Rice Architecture had the opportunity to visit some of your buildings in Jodhpur with you last year. One of the things that surprised us when we were listening to you reflect on your work was your background as a bit of an architectural outsider. Can you reflect on how your particular path as a designer has shaped the way you practice architecture?
AA (Ambrish Arora): During my first year in college, I had the choice of going down a theoretical path. I didn't attend a single day of class for this program because I chose, instead, to study marine engineering at a school with fifty percent theory and fifty percent practical work at a shipyard. That excited me tremendously. My father was a first-principles engineer, so we had grown up repairing things around the house ever since I was young.
TS: My father is also an engineer. I also spent a lot of time holding tools and flashlights while we fixed cars and radios growing up.
AA: I never realized how much it influenced my thinking. But now that I look back, I see that it was fundamental to the way I began to form my version of reality where everything could be fixed and everything could be analyzed. You just need to understand the first principles and build incrementally from there. It was the first time I decided on the education I wished to have. I found the theory side tedious, limiting, and slowed down what I wanted to do. I was really drawn to the practical side of things. That’s when I dropped out of college and began a very hands-on learning model.
Right after dropping out, I was truly independent for the first time, and to make ends meet I started working at a motorcycle repair shop. After six months of that, I did a course on repairing computers, and for a while,also visited offices maintaining and assembling computers. This was at a time when branded computers in India were expensive and unaffordable for most. Long story short, I ended up working with my father, a Naval Architect, who had chosen to become an entrepreneur making small fiberglass boats for training institutes after his PhD from IIT Delhi and retirement from the Indian Navy. We had no money, and initially there were just three or four of us in the workshop - a carpenter, a fiberglass molder, a welder and me. That’s where I learnt carpentry, welding, metal casting, fiberglass molding, and making full scale complex drawings for producing patterns and molds for the boats we were building. This experience brought me a tremendous degree of independence and self-belief. It taught me resilience, craftsmanship, and gave me a deep understanding of materials, form, and entrepreneurship.
I did that for about four years, and was fortunate enough to work with a company that taught lateral thinking in schools. I did that for a year, in Bombay, before I felt the need to go back to college at the age of twenty-three. My younger sister was studying architecture, which introduced me to formal design education and inspired me to apply for a design program. I applied to just one school- the National Institute of Design in Ahmedabad - but I was over-age for the undergraduate program and under-qualified for the postgraduate program. I ended up meeting an amazing professor there, the late M.P. Ranjan. He said to me: “why don't you just intern in a design firm? Forget about education- you've got the education you need.” That's when I applied to an exhibition design firm in Delhi. Amardeep Behl, a leading exhibition designer, who was generous and open enough to meet me. He said: "you don't really have a portfolio that fits in, but come into the studio and let's see what you can do."
TS: What portfolio did you have? You had made all these different kinds of furniture and boats.
AA: I had made a folding stool and a laminated timber paddle for a kayak, aside from having built boats of various sizes, with my own hands. I had also made a prefabricated shelter for the army - a full-scale prototype. I had no drawing skills, really, and I only knew how to draw things at a one-to-one scale on the floor. When I joined this design firm Oriole, they didn't have any work for me for the first couple of months. They were on summer vacation, but Sebastian Boissard, a young French architect serving in the military, needed a flunky at his office across the street. He had a side job for an interior renovation and took me on board for four months. I started by just making him tea and coffee and photocopying his stuff. Then I got to design a range of carbon fiber furniture and prototyped them in the Hindustan Aeronautics Laboratory. I remember working 18 hours a day. I was so hungry to learn. I made one-to-one scale drawings of several pieces of furniture where I drew every screw and head of each nut, and even the shape of the threading, to scale. I didn't know when to stop.
TS: It's a hard thing for everyone, even now. How much do you have to show to get your work done?
AA: It was a great learning experience. He taught me about space, and about the architecture side of things. After he left, I rejoined Amardeep’s firm again. I started at the bottom. I was junior to the most junior intern. I taught myself AutoCad, AV technology, graphics, whatever I could lay my hands on. They needed some lightweight structures, so I would design them and get them prototyped. That's the only way I knew how to work.
TS: What years are these, roughly?
AA: This was 1993. Within six to eight months, I was leading my own projects. I rapidly moved up the ranks and within two years, I was made an associate at the firm. The partners appreciated my willingness to take responsibility and gave me a lot of opportunities, though I was not liked by many people around me.
TS: Was that because you didn't have the proper background, or that you didn't go to design school in the “correct” way?
AA: I think it's also because I wasn’t particularly obedient to seniority and challenged a lot of their decisions. I became only the second associate in the firm and there were people who'd been around longer than me. Also, I would take over interactions with the client, as I liked taking full accountability for my actions. I would often tell my partners: “you don't need to come for the meeting”; I was happy to handle them.
TS: You were twenty-five or so?
AA: Yes, I was twenty-five. I was hungry, and I loved what I was doing. For the first time, I was working with people who were young and had similar interests. I then worked on an Art film, Dance of the Wind; my senior partner was the art director and I was the assistant art director. When a production manager was fired from the team, the film director, Rajan Khosa, asked: “are you willing to be the production manager?” I said “I've never done it, but I'll do it.” And slowly I learnt to manage a crew of about sixty people.
TS: What films were they? What kind of productions were they?
AA: They were Art House feature films with very low budgets. So the critical thing was staying within the budget, and I was pretty good at that. It needed very, very long hours of work, which I was comfortable with.
TS: Did the job also include finding locations?
AA: Yes, finding locations and negotiating prices on how to rent spaces, then planning out the crew movements, and finally making sure everything's in place.
TS: A massive production operation is as much as a design operation.
AA: Exactly. That was a huge learning curve. Then in 1997, a well-known scenographer Rajeev Sethi had a project in the World Expo 2000 in Hanover, Germany. He wanted to set up a studio and approached my partner and I to help him set up and run the team. He was doing a theme pavilion called the Basic Needs Pavilion. He had no experience in handling projects of this scale and neither did we, but we knew more about execution than he did. I went and fronted the studio’s coordination with the Expo Hanover team.
TS: You were in the role of scenographer and not really in the role of architects at that point.
AA: Yes, we were in the role of scenographers and his primary assistants. My partner did all the conceptual work in the studio and I became his executive arm. I was communicating the conceptual work to the Germans for feasibility tests, which was a very chaotic process. But it was fantastic because Jean Nouvel's team and Toyo Ito's team were all working in the satellite studios there. I had the opportunity to go and immerse myself in what was happening.
TS: How long did you have to be there?
AA: I went back and forth for about six months, until I quit. We had differences with Rajeev’s style of working, but it was a tremendous learning experience of a very different scale and kind of work. After that, I worked on another film Samsara, where I started as the art director and eventually ended up being line producer. Soon after, we got hired as scenography consultants by the National Institute of Design, who had been hired to do the scenography for the Khalsa Museum that was being designed by Moshe Safdie. Thereafter, I got more interested in space, volumes, and materiality than the narrative aspect. A friend of mine asked me to design an office, which I did, and we ended up winning a few awards despite it being my first architectural project.
TS: In the mid-nineties, you were doing architecture as a junior architect, and then you got into scenography after that?
AA: No, they were all scenographic. I didn't do any architectural work well until the year 2000. That's when I did this first interior project.
TS: And that was the office you just described.
AA: It was an IT office and the design concept focused on carving out space, material interactions, and movement of light. It was a far cry from scenography. A couple more commissions later, my partner and I decided to part ways. In June of 2002, I set up Studio Lotus with no money and one project.
TS: With a partner or just on your own?
AA: Soon after I started, within the first couple of months, I invited two of my previous colleagues Sidhartha and Ankur to join me. That was also when I thought about the possibility of creating a firm whose identity was bigger than mine. I didn't want my name in the practice. I needed a name registered in the Bank to take a check advance for our first project. I was taking a walk with my mother-in-law in a garden and I asked her: “what should I call the firm?” There was a lotus growing in the fish pond we were walking past. She said “you can call it anything, why not this, Lotus.” And that was it.
TS: Did you know you were going to design buildings when you started it? Was it an architectural endeavor from the start?
AA: It was more interior focused at the time because all we got initially were interior inquiries. I had no idea where it would lead us to.
TS: Could it have been a furniture design practice?
AA: It could have been anything. We were really just struggling with making ends meet because the fees just didn't pay for the amount of effort we put in. After about a year, we had no money left and we were going to close it down. Fortunately, we got a project to do a big fair on an eight-acre site. They gave us 30 days to design and build a crafts fair, which saved us and gave the practice some leeway. Then in 2004, we worked on a few Interior and Retail environments which again won several awards and got us a lot more work. I think that was our first inflection point beyond survival as a firm.
TS: Was the RAAS Hotel your first big project, in a way? That's how you presented it when my students and I visited your projects in Jodhpur with you.
AA: That was not just a big project—it was our first architectural project. We'd never done any building before then. We had only worked on Interiors and exhibitions before that.
TS: The visual, scenographic approach to RAAS Hotel’s materiality and history comes through in your work—we can see it in both the interiors and the façade. Also, especially in the Krushi Bhawan office building, where the materiality and the image are very clear. There is also a clear logic, in both formal language on site and its use of sliding screens to filter and frame the view. Zooming out a bit, embedded in your work there are certain known building typologies. For instance, in the RAAS Hotel Jodhpur you have bar form and in the Krushi Bhawan Office Building you use mat-building logics of low slung courtyards. How did you gain the confidence as an architect to explore typologies and other formal tropes that seem absent from your training but are very apparent in the projects? Did it come from learning from traditional models or just collaborating with other architects?
AA: I am actually a bit of a philistine when it comes to architecture. I know very little about architecture in the world, whether it's contemporary or historic. I love to learn about it, and I appreciate and understand certain aspects of it. But when I travel with my peers, it takes me a while to understand their vocabulary when analyzing buildings we are seeing. My learning has been very intuitive, and I do learn very quickly, and I'm hungry to learn, but it's very fragmented. Whenever I see something, I try and learn as much as I can about it, but I make sense of it in my own way because I don't really have a point of reference of how I should make sense of it. So when it came to, for instance, the RAAS, I didn’t have a theoretical framework on why we were making the design decisions - the process was site based, sketch study based and intuitive to what felt right and authentic to the process. Often, ideas come to me in my practice of meditation, which I do regularly, during which I go through long periods of introspection. It sounds very esoteric, but that is what it is.
TS: Are these spatial ideas or are they more image-based? How do you translate that thinking into form-making?
AA: It's not as vivid as that. It's like I'm grappling with it, I'm grappling with it, and then I'm drawing lines. For me, solutions take a lot of iteration. I do things and tear them apart because I do know when it's not right or when something is missing, but I don't necessarily know what needs to be done. I often change something very fundamental in the concept, even after we are well into the design development stage because it doesn’t feel right. In the case of RAAS, it was just an epiphany of what was right for the project, after a lot of iteration by Rajiv Majumdar, my collaborator on the project, and I.
TS: In your Jodhpur presentation, you mentioned that often the high-end architectural aspirations in India were about replicating Raj to extend the imaginary of the past into the contemporary. Whether tourist or local, everybody could assume a degree of familiarity as a part of the royal legacy in India. As you have pointed out, one aspect of your seeks to establish an alternate definition of contemporary Indian identity in different regions you are working in. Could you expand on what you meant by that?
AA: Absolutely. Not just the Raj. There is so much obsession with the formal connection with the past as a way of being contextual. It is sadly superficial and often a pastiche. This is something I ask of people - “what's more relevant and what's more Indian—a polyester kurta or a khaadi handloom T-shirt?” To me, it’s the latter which is a lot more relevant to who we are, as opposed to a machine-made polyester fabric that looks like a traditional garment. Aside from the symbolism, it is about using the handmade and the artisanal and making it relevant to today’s lifestyle instead of the optics of a project coming from a sense of nostalgia or an identity rooted in form.
TS: That also informs the value of local labor and skill sets and other things.
AA: It is also about interpreting them in ways relevant to our lives today as we look forward and embrace the future, but still unique to who we are.
TS: Your practice is based in Delhi while your work extends across the larger region of south Asia. How do those relationships to place and identity shape your practice? Are you mostly Delhi architects that are going to other places and working, or do you engage that relationship between two different places coming from the capital city? How do you deal with that question of identity in your work?
AA: I'd like to believe we spend a lot of time understanding the social aspects of where we work, both in terms of materials and methods of working that are native to a region. When necessary, we engage with locals from that region who know the context better than us. We often fall short of being truly authentic to this process, but regional context remains an underlying focus and value that we try to address in every project we do.
TS: Have you ever had a problem with a project where people reject it because you were considered outsiders? Have people wanted you to do a certain thing because they hired you to come from a different area?
AA: We had a unique problem with the Krushi Bhawan building we were commissioned to design by the State Government of Odisha. The Chief Minister wanted to create new benchmarks of contemporary architecture for the state, and invited 3 architects to come and build an iconic building each, with Studio Lotus being one of the 3. His mandate was that whatever we build should speak to the future, yet also be accessible and non-intimidating to the farmers who would be key stakeholders for the building. As the central office building for the State Department of Agriculture, it was a very important building for Odisha, which has declared itself one of the country’s only Agricultural states. When we presented our design scheme for the first time, the Chief Minister loved it. However, all the other officials could not relate to it because they did not see any sign of modernity, which to them meant steel or glass on the façade; so much so, that in the early stages of development almost no one else believed in the vision of the project. For smaller towns, seeing these high-rise glass towers was the aspiration and the officials thought we were going back in time. It was only after the building started to take shape and became an attraction for the locals and tourists alike, that the officials started to get excited about the project. On completion, the building won several national and international awards; but our biggest reward was when we started to get messages from local people saying: “you've given the city a new identity”, “a new way to look at our tradition.”
TS: When you say local people, you mean the people on the street and not the leaders that invited you, right?
AA: I mean the citizens of the city. It was exciting for these residents to see architecture built by their people, with their skills and their materials, but interpreted in a new way. It opens up new conversations and new engagements with culture, skill, and material. As one of our roles, we begin to break down habitual ways of viewing culture and tradition and open it up to new ways of doing things. I think to some degree, we've been successful at doing that.
TS: What is the reason why you didn't have glass in the Krushi Bhawan project? Is it because it's a very low energy building?
AA: There is glass in the Krushi Bhawan project, but the window-to-wall ratios are low, to create higher thermal mass and lower U-values, at low cost. We used a relatively lower surface area of glass and it's all deeply shaded.
TS: Were the Odisha officials expecting a fully air-conditioned building?
AA: Yes. There was major apprehension as they wanted the new building to be fully air-conditioned, even though substantial areas of their existing offices were not - they saw it as a sign of progress. We showed them how we could achieve a high degree of thermal comfort through passive design measures. Given the large variations in day and night temperatures of the city, we designed a night-purging system that flushes the building with cool air post sundown; the coolth gets trapped in the thermal mass of the building. With the use of fans, day temperatures stay comfortable without the need for air conditioning. We managed to achieve very high levels of adaptive thermal comfort, at an EPI (Energy Performance Index) of only thirty-two KWh/sq.m/yr. Creating more passively-cooled buildings also provides more comfortable environments for the city, preventing build-up of heat islands on account of emissions from HVAC systems. The challenge we realized, was not so much thermal comfort as the psychology and mindset built up as aspiration around air-conditioning.
TS: It's almost as if you see your work as regional prototypes as you talk about this context of luxury as an anti-luxury building. We rethink the relationship to materiality, identity, and ecology that becomes a prototype for a region. What kind of people do you hire, in terms of their background? Would you hire somebody with your early portfolio today at Studio Lotus?
AA: We mostly hire people with design training. However, we have hired people who didn't have design training but demonstrated they had the drive to go beyond the listed job descriptions; the ones who demonstrated a clear statement of purpose and how much they're willing to make a go of it. As a matter of fact, one of our current principals at the studio, Asha Sairam, had applied as an intern 11 years ago. She had studied fashion communication and was just determined to get in. She was persistent, and I said to her, “look, you have no [applicable] skills.” She said, “no, but I'll come and learn them.” She stuck around and is now leading an important part of the practice.
TS: It seems, from the outside, this engagement with design practice as a broad field of knowledge and skills produces a nimble practice. Your projects seem to adapt across regions and places. It is hard to read how deliberate you are about the techniques but certainly the outcomes reflect a consistency in attitude and perhaps a malleable method.
AA: For one, the fundamental nature of our practice is that it's inward looking. You summed it up brilliantly—we do look at every project as a prototype for the region, some more successful than the others. If I were to look back at the past 20 or 25 projects, I think at least ten of them are in that zone of regional prototypes. I encourage people to look inward, learn more about ourselves, the regions we work in, and learn about the processes we have access to, because that's unique to who we are and no one else has access to that. You develop the ability to quickly sift through the clutter to discover something of value, as most of what is happening around you is far from what will inform the prototype that you need to create. To succeed in this, we need to build our skills as facilitators, and that’s something we focus on a lot in the studio - building our ability to bring the best out of different stakeholders including our clients who we see as partners in the project as much as they are patrons.
We do a lot of work internally to enable groups of people to work together powerfully. The way to do that is to build yourself up and build others up. A big part of building yourself up is reflection and silence. I deeply encourage meditative practices and practices of silence. Building a conscious practice is really building this idea of self-awareness and our introspective role, both metaphorically and literally, culturally, regionally, and as human beings.
Ambrish Arora is founding principal at Studio Lotus, an Aga Khan Award-nominated practice, known for its award-winning projects for the RAAS Hotels, and Krushi Bhawan. The office’s work is rooted in Conscious Design, an approach that celebrates local resources, cultural influences, a keen attention to detail, and an inclusive process. Ambrish’s role is largely studio-focused, leading design processes that direct the trajectory of projects. He is a custodian of the guiding values that have served as a cornerstone for the practice.
Troy Schaum is an architect with the New York City and Houston-based practice SCHAUM/SHIEH. He is also engaged in teaching and research as an Associate Professor at the Rice School of Architecture where he has been teaching since 2008. He is also the editor of Totalization: Speculative Practice in Architectural Education, (Park Books, 2019) whose contributors explore the status of expertise in the formulation of contemporary practice.
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https://www.facebook.com/musicverandah/videos/kitu-gidwani-show/675521913588170/
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en
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18th February 2022 , Friday , 8:30pmIST, Kitu Gidwani-a sunshine person at Music Verandah & Green Verandah .. Kitu Gidwani , an Indian Film & Television...
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[
""
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18th February 2022 , Friday , 8:30pmIST, Kitu Gidwani-a sunshine person at Music Verandah & Green Verandah ..
Kitu Gidwani , an Indian Film & Television...
|
de
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https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yT/r/aGT3gskzWBf.ico
|
https://www.facebook.com/musicverandah/videos/kitu-gidwani-show/675521913588170/
| ||||||
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2
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https://www.prasadacademy.com/staff-piyush-shah/
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en
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L V Prasad College of Media Studies
|
[
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[] |
[
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] | null |
[] |
2024-02-13T11:14:19+00:00
|
PIYUSH SHAH CINEMATOGRAPHER, DIRECTOR OF PHOTOGRAPHY, ARTIST Piyush Shah graduated from the Film and Television Institute of India, Pune in...
|
en
|
L V Prasad College of Media Studies
|
https://www.prasadacademy.com/staff-piyush-shah/
|
Piyush Shah graduated from the Film and Television Institute of India, Pune in 1985 specializing in Motion Picture Photography. He has worked as a cinematographer with several prominent directors with diverse attitudes to filmmaking. Moving through the theoretically rigorous approach to visuals of Mani Kaul to the kinetic style of Ram Gopal Varma, he is one of the most important cinematographers of Indian cinema. He has worked with Mani Kaul (Before My Eyes, Siddheshwari, Nazar and The Idiot), Shyam Benegal (Discovery of India, Suraj Ka Satvan Ghoda), Arun Khopkar (Figures of Thought, Colors of Absence, Sanchari), Pankaj Butalia (Moksh-Widows of Vrindavan), Kabir Mohanty (Riyaz), Rajan Khosa (Bodh Vriksh, Dance of the Wind), Vijay Singh (Jaya Ganga), Pan Nalin (Nagas, The Devdasis, Khajuraho), Kumar Shahani (Var Var Vari and stage plays Kunti and The Human Voice), Natasha De Betak (Kaal), Iikka Vehkalahti (Memories of Death, A man who looked like christ), Rajkumar Santoshi (China Gate), Ramgopal Varma (Mast), Nikhil Advani (Salaam – e – Ishq), Ashutosh Gowarikar (What’s your Rashee?) and Amol Gupte’s Saina (2021). Piyush Shah works across documentaries, features, commercial films, and advertising films. Piyush Shah has published fiction in his mother tongue Gujarati. His artistic canvas also expands to brush and charcoal.
https://mubi.com/cast/piyush-shah/films/cinematography
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https://iffr.com/en/iffr/1998/films/dance-of-the-wind
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en
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Dance of the Wind
|
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] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-05-31T13:17:41+00:00
|
Poetic, beautifully filmed and very accessible drama about a singer of classical Hindu music who loses her voice and finds herself in a personal crisi
|
en
|
IFFR EN
|
https://iffr.com/en/iffr/1998/films/dance-of-the-wind
|
Pallavi, a successful singer of classical Hindi music, watches with great concern as her ageing mother and teacher approaches the end of her life. This Karuna Devi was a legendary and – as is clear in a wonderful scene – a much better singer than her daughter. Before her mother dies, her death is announced by the appearance of an old man and a small poor girl. Then Pallavi loses her voice. Her career gets bogged down and she loses her students. Pallavi becomes increasingly confused and at last even her understanding husband can’t get through to her. In despair Pallavi goes in search of the little girl who announced her mother’s death. When she finds her, she also meets her mother’s guru, Munir Baba. Through the girl, Tara, who unlike Pallavi does have a natural talent for singing, Pallavi will get her voice back.îDance of the Wind is a beautiful combination of Western and Indian cinema. Despite the subject matter that is unknown to many Europeans, Khosa’s drama is very accessible. The quest for her own voice, also a metaphor for the position of the director, is beautifully designed; the film makes the best possible use of the exotic setting.
|
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yago
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0
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https://issuu.com/cfsindia/docs/17th_icffi_catalogue
|
en
|
17th ICFFI Catalogue
|
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[
""
] | null |
[] |
2011-11-13T00:00:00+00:00
|
7 days, 13 theatres, 38 countries, 154 films and 150,000 viewers
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Issuu
|
https://issuu.com/cfsindia/docs/17th_icffi_catalogue
|
Welcome to Issuu’s blog: home to product news, tips, resources, interviews (and more) related to content marketing and publishing.
Here you'll find an answer to your question.
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3
| 56
|
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/movie-time-for-the-ladies/articleshow/14097606.cms
|
en
|
Movie time for the ladies
|
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[] |
[] |
[
"Women",
"WIFTAI",
"Nandita Das",
"Mumbai party"
] | null |
[
"TNN"
] |
2012-06-14T00:00:00+05:30
|
WIFTAI hosted its first event â screening of Rajan Khosaâs film Gattu.
|
en
|
The Times of India
|
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/movie-time-for-the-ladies/articleshow/14097606.cms
|
8 fantastic books for entrepreneurs to make it big
Lifestyle
â10 most friendly animals in the wildâ
Lifestyle
Sawan Vrat Special: How to make protein-rich Besan Halwa in 10 minutes
Food
Anushka Sen to Jannat Zubair: TV child actors and their journey
tv
Ananya Panday exudes monsoon fashion goals in a grey bodycon dress and black slip-ons
Entertainment
|
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| 54
|
https://www.allmovie.com/movie/wara-mandel-vm114821
|
en
|
Music Search, Recommendations, Videos and Reviews
|
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[
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[] | null |
AllMusic provides comprehensive music info including reviews and biographies. Get recommendations for new music to listen to, stream or own.
|
en
|
AllMusic
|
https://www.allmusic.com/updated
| ||||||
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0
| 42
|
https://www.just-cinema.com/post/rewind-to-the-maverick-producer-suresh-jindal-who-was-proudest-of-his-collaboration-on-shatranj-ke
|
en
|
Rewind to the maverick producer, Suresh Jindal, who was proudest of his collaboration on Shatranj Ke Khiladi, by Khalid Mohamed
|
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] |
[] |
[] |
[
"aesthetics",
"art",
"cinema",
"film festivals",
"film studies",
"world cinema"
] | null |
[
"Digital Cahier"
] |
2024-05-04T06:02:04.111000+00:00
|
Suresh Jindal‘Hirsute’ is the description Sai Paranjpye and I had coined for him. With his abundant salt-and-pepper hair always brushed, and a beard that hid his mouth, often dangling a filter-tip cigarette which he would puff away furiously, Suresh Jindal (1942- 2022), was the sort you could have met at a kavi sammelan or an experimental theatre, and certainly not at a studio or location site serving as a hands-on producer. His other remarkable feature was a booming laughter, even if the produc
|
en
|
Just Cinema
|
https://www.just-cinema.com/post/rewind-to-the-maverick-producer-suresh-jindal-who-was-proudest-of-his-collaboration-on-shatranj-ke
|
Suresh Jindal
‘Hirsute’ is the description Sai Paranjpye and I had coined for him. With his abundant salt-and-pepper hair always brushed, and a beard that hid his mouth, often dangling a filter-tip cigarette which he would puff away furiously, Suresh Jindal (1942- 2022), was the sort you could have met at a kavi sammelan or an experimental theatre, and certainly not at a studio or location site serving as a hands-on producer.
His other remarkable feature was a booming laughter, even if the production schedule was going awry. He was a mirthful man, even if a trolley hadn’t arrived for hours required for a dance sequence at the Mehboob Studios. “When anyone says reaching in five minutes, it translates as five hours,” he would chortle, lighting up yet another cigarette.
A graduate with a science degree in electrical engineering from UCLA, Suresh Jindal had spent four years in the aerospace and electronics industry in California. Yet, the cinema bug had bitten him.
The word ‘Bollywood’ can never be attached to him because Suresh, a personal friend, wished to change the formulaic system, even if it was from a distance of his antiques and priceless paintings scattered in his South Delhi home, where he lived alone with a pack of pedigreed dogs and a household help.
A force of nature in the parallel cinema movement, among the most well-known films he produced were Satyajit Ray’s only Hindi film Shatranj Ke Khiladi (1977), Sai Paranjpye’s Katha (1982) Mani Kaul’s Nauker ki Kameez (1999),Pamela Brooks’ A Train to Pakistan (1998)besides being a multi-tasker on Sir Richard Attenborough’s multiple Oscar-grabber Gandhi, not to forget the avant-garde 250 Metros (2011) by the revered French theatre stalwart Jean Claude-Carriere.
The book authored by him, “My Adventures with Satyajit Ray: The Making of Shatranj Ke Khiladi” places on record how Jindal met Ray when the latter was 57 and the former was just about to turn 33. Jindal wrote, “I was 5’6” tall and he was 6’2”, a veritable giant by Indian standards I was from a well-to-do, non-intellectual, conservative, vegetarian Jain-Bania family from Punjab…Ray was from a distinguished family of Bengal – quite a distance away from my home – that was aristocratic, highly accomplished both academically and artistically and progressive.”
While Jindal looked up to Ray, working together also had its share of hurt and disappointments. The book features letters exchanged between the producer and the director.
For about five years, he did shift to a seafront apartment in Eden Roc, Worli, Bombay, but moved back to the capital city, disenchanted perhaps by the obstacles that he had to face with his Mumbai peers who considered him ‘an outsider’. Plus Yayati, a young 20yish, assistant, had passed away suddenly, a tragedy which pained him to talk about.
Suresh Jindal was proudest of his collaboration with Ray. When a frontline Hollywood studio, 20th Century Fox pulled out of the distribution of Shatranj Ke Khiladi overseas, he was enraged. And was frank enough to express his anger in an interview on the front page of The Times of India, the most widely-circulated national daily newspaper. This he followed up by authoring that tell-all book, ‘My Adventures with Satyajit Ray…”, exchanges between the auteur and the rule-breaking producer.
Satyajit Ray & Suresh Jindal
Bollywood’s actor-director Tinnu Anand, who had worked with Ray as an assistant director on Goopy Gyne Bagha Byne (1969), Aranyer Dir Ratri (1970), and Pratidwandi (1970), had introduced Jindal to Ray. Jindal’s first impression was that Ray’s study “looked like a combination of a Renaissance atelier and an alchemist’s lab”. Fortuitously, he was at the right place at the right time because Ray was thinking of making a Hindi film. He had warned Jindal that it would be “at least four or five times more expensive” than his Bengali films, and said, “You may not want to spend so much on my first Hindi film.”
When Jindal asked for an English translation of Premchand’s Hindi story, Ray told him that he had one published by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) but would share it only if Jindal promised to return the copy after reading it. Jindal soon learnt that they had slightly different ways of working. In fact, later when Jindal gave Ray an envelope containing ‘a signing amount’ as per the conventions of the Bombay film industry, Ray said, “No, I don’t work that way. And if we are to work together, you will have to work my way. First, I will write a draft of the screenplay, and if it is satisfactory, we can discuss money.”
As a student in the U.S., Jindal had watched Ray’s films and as a fan-boy aspired to meet him and stated in his book that Ray, “wrote his original scripts in traditional clothbound notebooks called ‘khatas’…they were more like a research scientist’s lab notes than ordinary scripts…he would draw the frames of the shots on the left-hand side and write the dialogues on the right.”
The cast assembled for Shatranj… were top-grade talents: Sanjeev Kumar, Saeed Jaffrey, Shabana Azmi, Amjad Khan, Farouq Shaikh, Farida Jalal and Sir Richard Attenborough.
Sanjeev Kumar & Saeed Jaffrey in Shatranj Ke Khiladi(1977)
While Shatranj Ke Khiladi did not score the commercial success of Rajnigandha , it did ensure the producer’s collaboration with Richard Attenborough’s Gandhi as an associate producer. Attenborough had acted in Shatranj Ke Khiladi before he produced the Oscar-winning Gandhi with Ben Kingsley. One of the close contenders for the Gandhi role had been Naseeruddin Shah. Of course, many films have been made about the life of Mahatma Gandhi, but this one has never been bettered.
Vidya Sinha & Amol Palekar in Rajnigandha(1974)
After this, Jindal produced Sai Paranjpye’s film Katha (1983) depicting life in a Mumbai chawl. Based on S. G. Sathye’s play Sasa Aani Kasav, it showcased Deepti Naval, Farooq Sheikh and Naseeruddin Shah. Jindal’s penchant for adaptations of literary texts, was followed up by Sturla Gunnarsson’s take on Rohinton Mistry’s novel Such A Long Journey (1998) which detailed the life of a Parsi family in 1971 during the rule of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Jindal assembled an impressive cast comprising Roshan Seth, Om Puri, Soni Razdan, Naseeruddin Shah and Irrfan Khan.
In addition, Jindal was a supervising producer of Dance of the Wind (1997) directed by Rajan Khosa with actors Kittu Gidwani and Kapila Vatsyayan. The narrative told of a classical singer who loses her voice when her mother, her guru, dies. Shubha Mudgal had composed the music score.
Deepti Naval in Katha(1982)
Next, Jindal was an executive producer on Naukar Ki Kameez (1999) directed by Mani Kaul based on a novel by Vinod Kumar Shukla. The acting crew included Pankaj Sudhir Mishra, Anu Joseph and Om Prakash Dwivedi.
Yet, Jindal was restless and discontented and turned to spiritualism as a student of Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche aka Khyentse Norbu in 2004, and later an advisor to the board of the Khyentse Foundation. He had been drawn towards Buddhism much earlier when he had spent a year studying at the University of California, Berkeley.
Vis-a-vis, Jindal’s life in the US in the 1960s, he wrote that he was exposed to “the headiest experiences of the century” which included “the space race to the moon, the computer explosion, freedom rides against segregation in South America, flower power, psychedelic drugs, love-ins, environmental protection, gay liberation, hippie and the anti-Vietnam War protests by pacifists.” Eventually, he was into Buddhism, Dharma and Sangha with the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala.
He made a brief return to films when his guru Dzongsar Khyentse Jamyang Rinpoche aka Khyentse Norbu – who was also a film director – asked him to be the executive producer: Vara:A Blessing (2013) – with actors Shahana Goswami, Devesh Ranjan and Swaroopa Ghosh. Vara Mohamed Adamaly – was based on Sunil Gangopadhyay’s short story Rakta Aar Kanna. It was not only a creative project but also an act of service towards his beloved teacher.
It was a one-of-a-kind journey undertaken by any Indian film producer. Above all, without his lobbying with the Delhi government, it is quite possible that Sir Richard’s Gandhi would have never seen the light of day,since it had become the subject of an acrimonious controversy: Why should a Britisher make a film on the Mahatma?, it had been argued, even by the otherwise free-minded ‘New Wave’ filmmakers.
Neena Gupta, Ben Kingsley & Supriya Pathak in Gandhi (1982)
For his role in creating a global interrelationship in cinema and the allied arts, he was awarded Chevalier de L’Ordre des Arts et Lettres by the French government. Despite such honours, towards his later years, Suresh had resolved to extinguish his dreams of a new world of cinema, and had found solace in Buddhism.
On a personal note, I had approached him for the remaking rights of Katha, during a trip to Delhi. Over lunch, he had stated, “It’s yours for gratis. Except maybe for two paintings by you.” He didn’t fail to tell me that filmmakers Sanjay Leela Bhansali and Rohit Shetty had sent him feelers for the Katha rights, adding, “They would have made a holy mess of it. I trust that you won’t.”
As it happened the remake was imperilled by mountainous production problems, it was completed but canned. My last conversation with Suresh over the phone went on the lines of, “You shouldn’t even have tried,” he had said remorsefully, “You have to be a shopkeeper there, not a filmmaker.”
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Rajan Khosa recently co-wrote and directed feature film GATTU, which is officially accepted for its international premiere at Berlin International Film Festival in Feb 2012. Gattu is about following your dream, it is about following your heart against all odds.
From early nineties Rajan lived an
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Dharamshala International Film Festival
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https://diff.co.in/rajan-khosa/
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Rajan Khosa recently co-wrote and directed feature film GATTU, which is officially accepted for its international premiere at Berlin International Film Festival in Feb 2012. Gattu is about following your dream, it is about following your heart against all odds.
From early nineties Rajan lived and practiced filmmaking in London. Now he is based in Mumbai where he is experimenting with all kinds of genres and formats.
Rajan’s acclaimed debut feature filmDance of the Wind, 1997, was set in the world of Indian classical music and dealt with teacher/disciple relationship. It focused on the power of oral knowledge in ancient cultures.
Dance of the Wind was an international co-production between six countries, first of its kind in India, and also in Europe. The co-producers were Film council, UK; Cinematheque, France; NFDC India; also Germany, Switzerland and Netherlands. The film’s world premiere was at Venice Film Festival and it won major awards (Best Director, Best Actor, Audience Award etc.) at various festival including Rotterdam, Chicago, London, Nantes etc., while enjoying a successful worldwide theatrical release. It is still a favourite repeat on distribution circuits, and on UK, French and German TV.
Rajan Khosa is an alumnus of the Royal College of Arts in London. Earlier, in India, he had dropped out of a design school, NID, Ahmedabad, to train in Film Direction at FTII, Pune.
His half hour Indian diploma WISDOM TREE (Bodhvriksha), dealt with the theme of nursing and caring for the old people. It garnered him a National Award in India and three International Awards at Oberhausen. He had been the youngest Indian filmmaker ever, to receive such accolades.
Rajan created his innovative production outfit – Elephant Eye, first in London, where it implemented Dance of the Wind, and now in Mumbai, where it executive produced GATTU. It has done various film installations, several short films and music videos, for a wide variety of private and public clients. His film Flower Girl was originally conceived as an installation around a Bodhi Tree at World Expo 2005. Later it played in the official selection at the London Film Festival, IFFLA (Los Angeles) and Pusan Film Festival 2005.
For his conceptual and writing skills, Rajan has been recipient of the Huber Bals Award in Rotterdam, Montecinemaverite Award in Locarno, and was invited to the prestigious Equinoxe Workshop in France.
In 2009-10, Rajan created the first feature length multi-media biopic, combining film and holography, on Sadhu Vaswani, the well know social worker and spiritualist, who worked to uplift the mankind.
Elephant Eye is currently developing a few features – a Chekhov’s adaptation of Black Monk,and a supernatural thriller Mother Tongue.
Rajan has served on various juries; he is a voting member of BAFTA (British Academy of Film and Television) and a founding member of IIFW (Indian Independent Filmmakers Worldwide).
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