identifier
stringlengths 1
43
| dataset
stringclasses 3
values | question
stringclasses 4
values | rank
int64 0
99
| url
stringlengths 14
1.88k
| read_more_link
stringclasses 1
value | language
stringclasses 1
value | title
stringlengths 0
200
| top_image
stringlengths 0
125k
| meta_img
stringlengths 0
125k
| images
listlengths 0
18.2k
| movies
listlengths 0
484
| keywords
listlengths 0
0
| meta_keywords
listlengths 1
48.5k
| tags
null | authors
listlengths 0
10
| publish_date
stringlengths 19
32
⌀ | summary
stringclasses 1
value | meta_description
stringlengths 0
258k
| meta_lang
stringclasses 68
values | meta_favicon
stringlengths 0
20.2k
| meta_site_name
stringlengths 0
641
| canonical_link
stringlengths 9
1.88k
⌀ | text
stringlengths 0
100k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 10
|
https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/elisabeth-of-wied/elisabeth-of-wied-the-princess-of-the-wild-rose-part-one/
|
en
|
The Princess of the Wild Rose (Part one)
|
[
"https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/wp-content/uploads/moniekheader4-1.png",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.historyofroyalwomen.com/wp-content/uploads/Carmen_Sylva_Queen_Elisabeth_of_Romania1.jpg?resize=678%2C381&ssl=1",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/49d87a32a97a5b99f4b25d2be2d5ffb7?s=125&d=mm&r=g",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.historyofroyalwomen.com/wp-content/uploads/Indian_princess-scaled.jpg?resize=80%2C60&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.historyofroyalwomen.com/wp-content/uploads/RP-F-2001-7-884-11.jpg?resize=80%2C60&ssl=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Moniek Bloks",
"www.facebook.com"
] |
2020-12-11T05:00:00+00:00
|
Princess Elisabeth of Wied was born on 29 December 1843 as the first child and only daughter of Hermann, Prince of Wied, and his wife Princess Marie of Nassau. The Principality of Wied-Neuwied was mediatised in 1806, and so there was no actual land to rule anymore. Elisabeth was named after her godmothers Queen Elisabeth [read more]
|
en
|
History of Royal Women
|
https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/elisabeth-of-wied/elisabeth-of-wied-the-princess-of-the-wild-rose-part-one/
|
Princess Elisabeth of Wied was born on 29 December 1843 as the first child and only daughter of Hermann, Prince of Wied, and his wife Princess Marie of Nassau. The Principality of Wied-Neuwied was mediatised in 1806, and so there was no actual land to rule anymore. Elisabeth was named after her godmothers Queen Elisabeth Ludovika of Prussia (born of Bavaria) and Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mikhailovna of Russia, the future bride of Adolphe, Duke of Nassau. She was joined in the nursery by two younger brothers named William on 22 August 1845 and Otto on 22 November 1850.
Elisabeth turned out to be a spirited child, and when she was four years, she was appointed a governess, and she received regular lessons. She remained an active child and found it difficult to sit still, even when posing for a portrait with her brother William. The only person who could apparently calm her was her mother’s old governess, a Fraulein Lavater, who told her fairytales.
The birth of her younger brother Otto was quite traumatic for her mother, and Elisabeth was devastated to be kept away from her. Marie was reportedly between life and death for several weeks and suffered from paralysis. Otto was born with some sort of bladder disorder, and he would only live to the age of 11. The family moved to Bonn in 1851 to be near a specialist doctor, and Marie slowly recovered and was able to move about again without the use of a wheelchair. After Marie’s improvement in her health, the family began to spend the winters at Neuwied, and the summers at Monrepos.
When Elisabeth was nine years old, she began to write verses, and at the age of twelve, she tried to write a novel. It would be the passion of a lifetime for her. She later said, “I could not be gentle, and was so passionately impulsive that I was heartily thankful to those who were patient with me. It became better, however, when a safety valve opened for me – that was writing poetry.” After the departure of her governess, a tutor was found to supervise her studies, and she annoyed him endlessly with her questions. He taught her in English, and she learned to speak excellent English. She also learned to speak French.
As she grew up, people were impressed by her grace and charm, and she eventually received the nickname, “The Princess of the Wild Rose.” In the summer of 1860, Elisabeth was confirmed after having received religious instruction for two months. The ceremony was performed at Monrepos where the gallery had been converted into a chapel. It was attended by many family members. Shortly before her confirmation, Elisabeth wrote:
“Praise ye the Lord who in mightiness wrought ye,
Praise Him who safely with blessings hath brought ye,
Praise Him, thou earth! and thou star of the sky!
Let what hath being the Lord glorify!
I will give thanks to Him, Father of Life,
I in His way will walk, faithful in strife;
I for His light will seek, guiding us all.
Him I will love, for without Him I fall.”
The years to come were not happy for the family. Her brother remained critically ill, which absorbed all her mother’s attention and now her father became ill as well. Elisabeth spent many hours with him in his study, copying for him and reading to him. In 1861, Elisabeth travelled to Berlin where she first met her future husband Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, and he reportedly managed to break her fall when she slipped on the stairs. Her father wrote to her, “You are a recruit in aristocratic ranks, and not the slightest failing must be detected in you. At Court, you must learn the balancing step so that you may not lose your balance and fall downstairs, or morally stumble and upset. In youth, all this is learnt in play, whereas it is a martyrdom to elderly people. But where one is gifted, as you are, with an endless source of internal happiness, all disagreeable which one experiences are but as a fleeting shadow over the sunshine of life. Since you went away, joy has departed from this house! The gay little bird has flown and is now fluttering from flower to flower. Sometimes it pricks itself with their thorns, but it flies on, careless of what is behind it. Still, it avoids the thorns in future. Now, good-bye; may God bless you, you dear little- runaway.” One can only venture to guess that poetic verses ran in the family!
Elisabeth longed to go back home again, even if it was a house of suffering – she would be with her family. To her brother William – away at school in Basel, she wrote of being extremely lonely during those six weeks in Berlin, despite everyone being very friendly to her. Once back at Neuwied, the consulting doctor gave the most dreadful news. Both her young brother Otto and her father William could no longer be helped by medicine. Their deaths would only be a matter of time. Otto’s pain increased every month, and in November 1861 Elisabeth wrote, “This time of trial binds us closer to one another. It is remarkable that I love everyone more than I did before. I love God more, and this makes my love for other people deeper.” Every waking moment was spent with her father and Otto. From his sickbed, her father gave her lessons in painting.
The end came first for the young Otto. Word had been sent to his brother William, who could not come because he had the measles. Otto had cried out, “My William! My William, is he to be taken from me too?” He then kept repeating “Send him my blessing.” Otto died on 18 February 1862 with Marie repeating the words, “Thank God, and God be praised forever.” After his burial, Elisabeth often returned to Otto’s grave to lay flowers. It wasn’t until 14 years after his death that Elisabeth was able to write about her brother.
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 51
|
https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/critical-and-biographical-introduction-411/
|
en
|
Critical and Biographical Introduction
|
[
"https://legacy-cms-assets.bartleby.com/wp-content/themes/bartleby-legacy-theme/assets/images/dots-menu.png",
"https://legacy-cms-media.bartleby.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2022/11/14172410/bartleby-white.png",
"https://legacy-cms-assets.bartleby.com/wp-content/themes/bartleby-legacy-theme/assets/images/facebook-icon.svg",
"https://legacy-cms-assets.bartleby.com/wp-content/themes/bartleby-legacy-theme/assets/images/instagram-icon.svg",
"https://legacy-cms-assets.bartleby.com/wp-content/themes/bartleby-legacy-theme/assets/images/twitter-icon.svg",
"https://legacy-cms-assets.bartleby.com/wp-content/themes/bartleby-legacy-theme/assets/images/youtube-icon.svg",
"https://legacy-cms-assets.bartleby.com/wp-content/themes/bartleby-legacy-theme/assets/images/apple-store-badge.svg",
"https://legacy-cms-assets.bartleby.com/wp-content/themes/bartleby-legacy-theme/assets/images/google-play-badge.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
CARMEN SYLVA, the charming pen-name of the poet-queen of Romania, is a reminiscence of the forests of Neuwied on the Rhine, where she was born December
|
en
|
Collection at Bartleby.com
|
https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/critical-and-biographical-introduction-411/
|
C.D. Warner, et al., comp. The Library of the World’s Best Literature.
An Anthology in Thirty Volumes. 1917.
Critical and Biographical Introduction
By Elisabeth, Queen of Roumania (Carmen Sylva) (18431916)
CARMEN SYLVA, the charming pen-name of the poet-queen of Romania, is a reminiscence of the forests of Neuwied on the Rhine, where she was born December 29th, 1843. She belonged to an intellectual family: her great-uncle was a scientist, whose collection of specimens of natural history is now in New York; and her father, Prince Herman of Wied, was a man of culture, devoted to philosophic studies. The young princess grew up in an atmosphere well fitted to develop her natural gifts. Her temperament was passionate, restless, and reserved; and her imagination so active that her mother forbade the reading of novels until she was nineteen. She began to write verses in her childhood; and from her sixteenth year kept a sort of poetic diary, whose existence however was for many years a secret. Her early life was saddened by the constant illness of her father and young brother; and on the whole, sorrow is the prevailing note in her poems.
After several years spent in travel, she had determined to devote herself to teaching, when she was married in 1869 to Charles of Hohenzollern, Prince of Romania. Elisabeth entered on her new sphere with enthusiasm; thoroughly acquiring the Romanian language, and so winning the love of her people that she is known among them as their “little mother.” She founded schools, asylums, hospitals, art galleries, and art schools; and in every way strove to develop Romanian nationality.
The death of her little daughter in 1874 led her to express her sorrow in verse. Up to this time her poems had been simply spontaneous utterances; but now she began to study the art of composition under the guidance of Alexandre, the Romanian poet. Her poetic labors were soon interrupted by the Turko-Russian war, during which she devoted herself to work among the soldiers, and in the hospitals. Romania became a kingdom in 1881. Shortly before her coronation, Elisabeth published her first book,—a translation of Romanian poems. Her first collection of original poems appeared in 1881, entitled ‘Storms.’ It contains four poems, the best of which is ‘Sappho.’ The following year she published ‘Sorrow’s Earthly Pilgrimage’; ‘The Enchantress’; ‘Jehovah,’ describing the wanderings of Ahasuerus in search of God; ‘A Prayer’; and ‘Pensées d’une Reine’ (A Queen’s Thoughts),—a book of aphorisms, which won a medal of honor from the French Academy. In 1883 appeared ‘From Carmen Sylva’s Kingdom,’—a collection of Romanian fairy tales and legends, a second series of which was brought out in 1887, together with ‘Through the Centuries.’ Another collection, ‘Fairy Tales from the Pelesch,’ takes its title from the stream near the beautiful royal palace in the Sinaja valley. To this year also belong ‘My Rest,’ a collection of songs and lyrics, in which the Queen is at her best; and ‘My Rhine,’ poems on places dear to her in childhood. ‘My Book’—poems on Egypt—appeared in 1885. The ‘Songs of Toil’ were published collectively in 1891; but an English version of thirty songs was brought out in New York in 1888. Most of these had previously appeared in the Independent; and through them the Queen was first known to the American public. These original little poems show her intense sympathy for the poor, and at the same time illustrate her genius. Her greatest poetical effort, the tragedy ‘Master Manole,’ appeared in 1892. In collaboration with Madame Kremnitz, under the common pseudonym of Idem and Ditto, she wrote the novels ‘From Two Worlds’ (1885), ‘Astra’ (1886), ‘The Outpost’ (1887), and ‘Idle Wanderings’ (1887). With the help of Mademoiselle Vacaresco, the Queen collected Romanian legends and tales, which were published under the title ‘Tales of the Dimbovitza’ in 1890. She died in 1916.
Carmen Sylva’s German is pure and beautiful, and she wrote with remarkable facility in French, English, and Romanian. Her poems are full of fire and grace, and show a true musical sense. Her prose, however, has the defect of extreme brevity; and her work generally is impaired by her great facility and rapidity of composition.
The biographies of Queen Elisabeth are Mita Kremnitz’s ‘Carmen Sylva’ (1882); ‘The Life of Carmen Sylva,’ by Baroness Stackelberg (fifth edition, 1889); M. Schmitz’s ‘Carmen Sylva’ (1889); Stackelberg’s ‘Life of Carmen Sylva,’ translated by Baroness Deichmann (1890); and ‘Elizabeth of Roumania: A Study,’ by Blanche Roosevelt (1891). For bibliography see G. Bengescu, ‘Carmen Sylva—bibliographie et extraits de ses œvres’ (1904).
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 33
|
https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/elisabeth-of-wied-and-king-carol-i-of-romania-engraving-news-photo/932377384
|
en
|
Getty Images
|
[
"https://www.gettyimages.com/sign-in/assets/static/white-f114c2d21e50f9b239ac.svg",
"https://www.gettyimages.com/sign-in/assets/static/black-dd9588e3db810afab0eb.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Getty Images Deutschland. Finden Sie hochauflösende lizenzfreie Bilder, Bilder zur redaktionellen Verwendung, Vektorgrafiken, Videoclips und Musik zur Lizenzierung in der umfangreichsten Fotobibliothek online.
|
de
| null | |||||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 90
|
https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/
|
en
|
Romania: birth of the Royal House - 150 years
|
[
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/logo.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/assets/components/phpthumbof/cache/National%20Archives%20of%20Romania%2C%20Bucharest%2C%20collection%20Photographical%20Documents_II%202264.56d136573be2105796bbbf1bcc5167ab.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/assets/components/phpthumbof/cache/National%20Archives%20of%20Romania%2C%20Bucharest%2C%20fond%20Royal%20House_Miscelanee_4%202.eec0422a8c8a8dac1681697d4266dcc1.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/assets/components/phpthumbof/cache/National%20Archives%20of%20Romania%2C%20Bucharest%2C%20collection%20Stamps_472.tif.crdownload.048b95cba17401693ab8bd09bfd203c7.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/assets/components/phpthumbof/cache/National%20Archives%20of%20Romania%2C%20Bucharest%2C%20collection%20Photographical%20Documents_II%2029.33cde3e7d43d2f48feb471e2fe61c7cd.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/assets/components/phpthumbof/cache/National%20Archives%20of%20Romania%2C%20Bucharest%2C%20collection%20Photographical%20Documents_II%204756.c119bfafd1ce697f13ce391b33914a8f.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/assets/components/phpthumbof/cache/National%20Archives%20of%20Romania%2C%20Bucharest%2C%20collection%20Photographical%20Documents_A40_F82.ee517c3d89d936193ad89b7ebeeb27eb.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/licences/RS-InC.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/licences/RS-InC.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/licences/RS-InC.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/licences/RS-InC.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/licences/RS-InC.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/licences/RS-InC.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/uploads/footer-logos/ICTPSP_logo.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/uploads/footer-logos/EU_flag.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/uploads/footer-logos/Connected2Europeana.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Archives Portal Europe"
] | null |
en
|
/assets/images/favicon.ico
|
Archives Portal Europe
| null |
After the abdication of Alexandru Ioan Cuza, the ruler of Romanian United Principalities (Valachia and Moldavia), by a palace coup d´état, and based on Napoleon III´s suggestion (strong sustainer of the Romanian national union and emblematic for the Romanian politicians of those time, considering that Romania was strongly influenced by French culture), Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was chosen as his succesor. The second son of Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Princess Josephine of Baden, he was described as a perfect soldier, healthy and disciplined, and also a very good politician with liberal ideas. Travelling to Romania was a huge challenge for him. Because of the political conflict between Prussia and the Austrian Empire, Karl came to Romania incognito, from Düsseldorf to Baziaș, through Switzerland. He received there a Swiss passport on the fake name Carl Hettingen and these features: "26 years old, shoes size 5, slim stature, black hair and eyebrows, gray eyes, pointed nose, normal size mouth, round chin, brown beard, oblong face and wears glasses".
In Romania, he was accompanied to Bucharest by Brătianu, a significant Romanian political figure. Reaching Bucharest, the prince was welcomed by a huge crowd (more curious about to the new ruler, then enthusiastic) and received the keys to the capital city (May 10/22, 1866). It was a rainy day after a long period of drought, apparently a very favorable sign (first proof for the prince that he entered into a world full of superstitions and omens). In this enviroment, Karl swore this oath: "I swear to guard the laws of Romania, to maintain the rights of its People and the integrity of its territory." - he spoke in French, as he did not speak Romanian. However, he endeared himself to his adopted country by endorsing the Romanian spelling of his name, Carol.
In the collective memory King Carol I is remembered as a cold and austere person, but always fair. He was permanently concerned with the prestige of the dynasty he had founded. His wife, Elizabeth - widely known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva, said he "wore the crown in his sleep", too. He was very meticulous, never late and he tried to impose his style upon his entourage. He was the initiator of the first Constitution, adopted by Romanian Parliament on June 29, 1866 - one of the most advanced constitutions for that time – inspired by Belgian pattern, which allowed the development and evolution of the Romanian state, by choosing to ignore the nominal suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, which led to the real independence in 1877.
You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers). This filter will only include materials with "Full dates", i.e. those that include date information available for date-based searches. You can either search for a specific date of interest or focus step by step on the time span of a century, decade, year or month. When searching for a specific date, enter the date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01/01/1900 for 1 January 1900, via the calendar function or by typing directly in the text field.
This filter concentrates on the earliest dates mentioned in the materials.
You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers). This filter will only include materials with "Full dates", i.e. those that include date information available for date-based searches. You can either search for a specific date of interest or focus step by step on the time span of a century, decade, year or month. When searching for a specific date, enter the date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01/01/1900 for 1 January 1900, via the calendar function or by typing directly in the text field.
This filter concentrates on the latest dates mentioned in the materials.
This object has been identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.
You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights .
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 66
|
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/king-carol-ii-romania-wife.html
|
en
|
res stock photography and images
|
[
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy-black.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy-black.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/mastercard.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/visa.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/amex.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/paypal.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/apple-pay.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/google-pay.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Alamy Limited"
] | null |
Find the perfect king carol ii romania wife stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Available for both RF and RM licensing.
|
en
|
Alamy
|
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/king-carol-ii-romania-wife.html
|
Alamy and its logo are trademarks of Alamy Ltd. and are registered in certain countries. Copyright © 21/08/2024 Alamy Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 3
|
https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/house-of-hohenzollern-sigmaringen-queen-elisabeth-elisabeth-of-wied/
|
en
|
Queen Elisabeth (Elisabeth of Wied)
|
[
"https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/vizita-principelui-radu-al-romaniei-la-neuwied-foto-daniel-angelescu-6-septembrie-2016-4.jpg?w=858",
"https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/elisabeth-of-wied-dress-museum-of-decorative-arts-in-prague-front.jpg",
"https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/elisabeth-of-wied-dress-museum-of-decorative-arts-in-prague-three-quarter-front.jpg",
"https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/imgbin_social-media-computer-icons-png.png",
"https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/imgbin_playland-pacific-national-exhibition-picsart-photo-studio-social-media-computer-icons-png.png",
"https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/the_graphic__an_illustrated_weekly_newspaper_sat__nov_16__1889_copy.jpg?w=800&h=600&crop=1",
"https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0c6c55b541c85de5e6ccb297c3557f12275ff4005a88923ca8ce0343b4ba5d77?s=48&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/princess-sophie-of-prussia-duke-of-sparta-wedding-the-graphic.jpg?w=1200&h=900&crop=1",
"https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0c6c55b541c85de5e6ccb297c3557f12275ff4005a88923ca8ce0343b4ba5d77?s=48&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/empress-teimei.jpg?w=1200&h=900&crop=1",
"https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0c6c55b541c85de5e6ccb297c3557f12275ff4005a88923ca8ce0343b4ba5d77?s=48&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png",
"https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Faiza Mahmud"
] |
2022-12-15T20:58:11+00:00
|
Elisabeth of Wied (1843-1916), consort of King Carol I of Romania. Eldest child of Hermann, Prince of Wied and Princess Marie of Nassau. Married in 1869. Had demonstrated a facility for languages early in life and was an accomplished pianist, but her interests were literary, with a focus on poetry and folklore that developed in…
|
en
|
https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico
|
Her-storic Royal Dress
|
https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/house-of-hohenzollern-sigmaringen-queen-elisabeth-elisabeth-of-wied/
|
Elisabeth of Wied (1843-1916), consort of King Carol I of Romania. Eldest child of Hermann, Prince of Wied and Princess Marie of Nassau. Married in 1869. Had demonstrated a facility for languages early in life and was an accomplished pianist, but her interests were literary, with a focus on poetry and folklore that developed in part from her exposure to Romanian legends and ballads. Was a prolific writer who went by the pen name of “Carmen Sylva.” Crowned as the first Queen of Romania in 1881, the year in which Romania was declared a kingdom.
Figure 1.1. Artist unknown, Queen Elisabeth of Romania, n.d., Roentgen-Museum Neuwied, Neuwied, source: Wikimedia Commons.
Princess Sophie of Prussia’s Trousseau (Part I)
Princess Sophie of Prussia (1870-1932) married Crown Prince Constantine of Greece (1868-1923) amid great pomp and splendour in Athens in 1889. Her wedding dress of imitation Venetian lace and silver brocade, which I discussed in my previous post, and her trousseau were worthy of a future Queen of the Hellenes, if the accounts in the…
Princess Sophie of Prussia’s Wedding Ensemble
On October 27, 1889, Princess Sophie of Prussia (1870-1932) married Crown Prince Constantine of Greece (1868-1923), also known as the Duke of Sparta, in Athens. The third daughter of Frederick III, German Emperor (1831-88) and Victoria, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom (1840-1901), the bride was also a granddaughter of Queen Victoria (1819-1901). The bridegroom,…
A Court Dress for New Year’s in Imperial Japan
On December 31st, most people like to gather together for the countdown to midnight, which customarily involves confetti, the descent of a crystal ball (in Times Square, New York), fireworks or the singing of “Auld Lang Syne,” or some combination of the above. In Imperial Japan, however, New Year’s eve must have seen many a…
|
||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 89
|
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen-5
|
en
|
Carol Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1893-1953)
|
[
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/wikitree-small.png.pagespeed.ce.5G9g5z_Ayb.png",
"https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/3/3a/Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen-5.jpg/75px-Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen-5.jpg",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/privacy60.png.pagespeed.ce.40ChhYgHYM.png",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/pedigree.gif.pagespeed.ce.4kSwuvQoBH.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/descendant-link.gif.pagespeed.ce.otv5KRfaLm.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/map.gif.pagespeed.ce.dRGS_qcAFb.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/mail.gif.pagespeed.ce.Q4d4kzofWu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/star.gif.pagespeed.ce.PFsRnIv2dh.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/relationship.gif.pagespeed.ce.Bp6vm0XjUu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/images/icons/relationship.gif.pagespeed.ce.Bp6vm0XjUu.gif",
"https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/thumb/3/3a/Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen-5.jpg/300px-Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen-5.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Carol Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen genealogy"
] | null |
[] |
1893-10-15T00:00:00
|
Is this your ancestor? Compare DNA and explore genealogy for Carol Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen born 1893 Sinaia, Prahova, Romania died 1953 Estoril, Lisboa, Portugal including ancestors + descendants + 1 photos + DNA connections + more in the free family tree community.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen-5
|
WIKITREE HOME | ABOUT | G2G FORUM | HELP | SEARCH
IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY.
© 2008 - 2023 INTERESTING.COM, INC. CONTENT MAY BE COPYRIGHTED BY WIKITREE COMMUNITY MEMBERS.
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 8
|
https://kids.kiddle.co/Elisabeth_of_Romania
|
en
|
Elisabeth of Romania facts for kids
|
[
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-robot.svg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-search-engine.svg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/0/06/Elisabeta_a_Romaniei.jpg/300px-Elisabeta_a_Romaniei.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/d/d9/Marie_of_Romania_with_her_children.jpg/150px-Marie_of_Romania_with_her_children.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/d/dd/Crown_Princess_Marie_of_Romania_with_her_daughter_Elisabeth.jpg/150px-Crown_Princess_Marie_of_Romania_with_her_daughter_Elisabeth.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/d/d8/Georges_II_et_Elisabeth.jpg/200px-Georges_II_et_Elisabeth.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/0/04/Iosif_Berman_-_Familia_Regal%C4%83.jpg/250px-Iosif_Berman_-_Familia_Regal%C4%83.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/1/1f/HRH_Elizabeth_of_Romania%2C_HM_Queen_Marie_of_Romania%2C_HRH_Princess_Ileana_of_Romania%2C_HM_Queen_Maria_of_Yugoslavia.jpg/300px-HRH_Elizabeth_of_Romania%2C_HM_Queen_Marie_of_Romania%2C_HRH_Princess_Ileana_of_Romania%2C_HM_Queen_Maria_of_Yugoslavia.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/2/2e/Sigmaringen_Hedinger_Kirche_2.jpg/200px-Sigmaringen_Hedinger_Kirche_2.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/5/5b/Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Elisabeth_of_Romania.svg/187px-Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Elisabeth_of_Romania.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_Arms_of_Elisabeth_of_Romania.svg/229px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Elisabeth_of_Romania.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/4/43/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Elisabeth_of_Greece.svg/172px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Elisabeth_of_Greece.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/5/5f/Kids_robot.svg/60px-Kids_robot.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-search-engine.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Learn Elisabeth of Romania facts for kids
|
en
|
/images/wk/favicon-16x16.png
|
https://kids.kiddle.co/Elisabeth_of_Romania
|
For Queen Elisabeth of Romania, wife of Carol I, see Elisabeth of Wied.
Elisabeth of Romania (full name Elisabeth Charlotte Josephine Alexandra Victoria: Romanian: Elisabeta a României, Greek: Ελισάβετ της Ρουμανίας; 12 October 1894 – 14 November 1956) was a princess of Romania and member of the House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and by marriage Queen of Greece during 1922–1924, as the wife of King George II of Greece.
Raised by her grand-uncle King Carol I of Romania and his wife Queen Elisabeth, she was an introvert and socially isolated. Married to Prince George, the heir-apparent to the Greek throne in 1921, she felt no passion for him and underwent the political turmoil in her adopted country after World War I. When her husband succeeded to the throne in 1922, Elisabeth was involved in assisting refugees who arrived to Athens after the disaster of the Greco-Turkish War. The rise of the revolutionary climate, however, affected her health and with great relief she left the Kingdom of Greece with her husband in December 1923. The royal couple then settled in Bucharest, and King George II was deposed on 25 March 1924, upon the abolition of the Greek monarchy.
In Romania, Elisabeth and George II's relationship deteriorated and the couple divorced in 1935. Very close to her brother, King Carol II of Romania, the former queen amassed an important fortune, partly due to financial advice given by her lover, the banker Alexandru Scanavi. After the death of her mother, Queen Marie, in 1938 and the abdication of King Carol II in 1940, Elisabeth took up the role of First Lady of Romania. At the end of World War II, she established close links with the Romanian Communist Party and openly conspired against her nephew, the young King Michael I, earning the nickname of "Red Aunt" of the sovereign. However, her communist links did not prevent her from being expelled from the country when the Romanian People's Republic was proclaimed in 1947. Exiled, the former queen moved to Switzerland and then to Cannes, in southern France. She had a romantic relationship with Marc Favrat, a would-be artist almost thirty years younger, whom she finally adopted just before her death in 1956.
Early years
Second child and first daughter of Crown Prince Ferdinand and Crown Princess Marie of Romania (a member of the British royal family and later Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha), Elisabeth (nicknamed Lisabetha or Lizzy by her family) was born on 12 October 1894 at Peleş Castle, Sinaia. Named after her paternal great-aunt, Queen Elisabeth of Wied, shortly after birth she was removed from her parents. With her older brother Prince Carol, she was raised by King Carol I and his wife. In her memoirs, Marie described her eldest daughter as "a lovely solemn-faced child who had a strong sense of rectitude." Over the years, Elisabeth developed a cold character and a volatile temperament which socially isolated her. Considered "vulgar" by her mother, she was, however, considered a classic beauty.
Marriage
An undesired engagement
In 1911, Prince George of Greece, then second-in-line to the throne and his future wife's second cousin, met Elisabeth for the first time. After the Balkan Wars, during which Greece and Romania were allied, the Greek prince asked for the hand of Elisabeth, but, advised by her great-aunt, she declined the offer, saying that her suitor was too small and too English in his manners. Disdainful, the princess even said on the occasion, that "God began the prince but forgot to finish him" (1914).
During World War I, Elisabeth was involved in helping wounded soldiers. She made daily visits to the hospitals and distributed cigarettes and comforting words to the victims of the fighting.
In 1919, Elisabeth and her sisters Maria and Ileana accompanied their mother, now Queen Marie, to Paris at the Peace Conference. The sovereign hoped that during her stay there she could find suitable husbands for her daughters, especially Elisabeth, already aged twenty-five. After a few months in France, the Queen and her daughters decided to return to Romania in early 1920. On the way back, they made a brief stop in Switzerland, where they found the Greek royal family, who lived in exile since the deposition of King Constantine I during the Great War. Elisabeth then met again Prince George (now Diadochos and heir of the throne), who asked again her hand. Now more aware of her own imperfections (her mother described her as fat and of very limited intelligence), Elisabeth decided to accept the marriage. However, at that time the future of the Diadochos was far from certain: displaced from the throne with his father and replaced by his younger brother, now King Alexander I, George was forbidden to stay in his country, penniless and without any prospects.
Nevertheless, the engagement satisfied both Elisabeth and George's parents. Delighted to have finally found a husband for her eldest daughter, the Queen of Romania soon invited the prince to travel to Bucharest in order to publicly announce the engagement. George agreed but soon after his arrival in the country of his fiancée, he learned of the accidental death of Alexander I and the ensuing political turmoil that erupted in Greece.
Life in Greece
Restoration of the Greek royal family. Wedding of George and Elisabeth
On 5 December 1920 a referendum of disputed results called the Greek royal family to return home. King Constantine I, Queen Sophia and Diadochos George therefore returned to Athens on 19 December. Their return was accompanied by a significant jubilation. A huge crowd surrounded the sovereign and the heir to the throne through the streets of the capital. Once at the palace, they appeared repeatedly on the balcony to greet the people who cheered them.
Wedding
However, a few weeks later George returned to Romania to marry Elisabeth. The wedding took place with great pomp in Bucharest on 27 February 1921. Shortly after on March 10, Crown Prince Carol of Romania, Elisabeth's elder brother, married George's younger sister, Princess Helen of Greece.>
Crown princess
In Greece, Elisabeth had great difficulty integrating into the royal family, and her relationship with Queen Sophia was particularly awkward. From an introverted temperament that could be mistaken as arrogance, Elisabeth felt displaced by her in-laws, who regularly spoke in Greek in her presence, because she had not yet mastered the language. Only King Constantine I and his sister, the Grand Duchess Maria Georgievna of Russia, found favor in her eyes. Indeed, even the shy Diadochos disappointed his wife, who wanted to share with him a more passionate relationship.
Regretting not having her own home and being forced to constantly live with her in-laws, Elisabeth spent the already little revenues of her husband into redecorating their apartments. In addition, her family delayed in paying her dowry and the savings that she left in Romania were soon lost because of the poor investments made by the manager of her fortune.
Facing a very difficult political situation, due to the Greco-Turkish War, Elisabeth quickly understood that her space to maneuver was limited in her new country. However, she integrated the Red Cross, which was overwhelmed by the arrival of wounded coming from Anatolia. The Crown Princess also occupied her free time practicing gardening, painting and drawing. She illustrated a book of poems written by the Belgian author Emile Verhaeren. She also liked writing and producing some new books of low value. Finally, she spent long hours studying the Modern Greek, a language that was extremely hard for her to learn.
Disappointed by the mediocrity of her daily routine, Elisabeth began to nourish jealousy for her sister Maria, married to King Alexander I of Yugoslavia, and her sister-in-law Helen of Greece, wife of her brother Crown Prince Carol of Romania. With the war and the revolution, the everyday life of the Greek royal family was indeed increasingly difficult, and the pension received by the Diadochos George didn't allow her to buy the clothes and jewelry that she wanted.
Already strained by the war, the relations of the Diadochos and his wife were clouded by their inability to give an heir to the Kingdom of Greece. Elisabeth became pregnant a few months after her marriage, but she suffered a miscarriage during an official trip to Smyrna. Deeply affected by her miscarriage, the crown princess became sick with typhoid soon followed by pleurisy and worsened by depression. She found refuge with her family in Bucharest, but despite the efforts of her mother and husband, neither Elisabeth's health nor her marriage fully recovered from the loss of her child.
Queen of the Hellenes
Meanwhile, the disaster of the Greco-Turkish War forced King Constantine I to abdicate, which pushed George on to the throne (27 September 1922). The new king, however, had no power, and he and his queen were unable to resolve the repression organized by revolutionaries who took power against the representatives of the old regime. The new royal couple saw with anguish the near execution of Prince Andrew (the king's uncle) at the Trial of the Six.
Despite this difficult context, Elisabeth tried to make herself useful to her adopted country. To respond to the influx of refugees originating from Anatolia, the Queen had built shacks on the outskirts of Athens. To carry out her projects, she mobilized her family and asked her mother, Queen Marie, to send wood and other materials.
However, Elisabeth found it increasingly difficult to cope with Greece and its revolutionary climate. Her love for George II was over, and her letters to her mother show how much she worried for her future. Her correspondence also revealed that she had no desire to have children.
After an attempted monarchist coup d'état in October 1923, the situation of the royal couple became even more precarious. On 19 December 1923 King George II and his wife were forced into exile by the revolutionary government. With Prince Paul (the king's brother and heir-presumptive to the throne), they then departed for Romania, where they learned of the proclamation of the Second Hellenic Republic on 25 March 1924.
Return to Romania
Queen in exile
In Romania, George II and Elizabeth moved to Bucharest, where King Ferdinand I and Queen Marie gave to them a wing of Cotroceni Palace. After a few weeks, the couple moved to a modest villa in the Calea Victoriei. Regular guests of the Romanian sovereigns, the exiled Greek royal couple participated in court ceremonies. But despite the kindness shown by his mother-in-law, the exiled King of Greece in Bucharest felt aimless and barely concealed the boredom that he felt at the Romanian court.
Unlike her husband, Elisabeth was delighted with her return to Romania. Her relationship with her mother was sometimes stormy, even if their literary collaborations were successful. In the mid 1920s, Elisabeth illustrated the latest work of her mother, The Country That I Love (1925). The links with Crown Princess Helen of Romania (wife of Crown Prince Carol of Romania and sister of King George II of Greece) remained complicated due to the jealousy that the exiled Queen of the Hellenes still continued to feel against her sister-in-law.
Exacerbated by the humiliations of exile, financial difficulties and the lack of offspring, the relations between George II and Elisabeth deteriorated. After initially alleviating her weariness with too much rich food and gambling, the former Queen of the Hellenes began a series of extramarital relationships with several married men. She even flirted with her brother-in-law King Alexander I of Yugoslavia when she visited her sister Queen Maria during an illness in Belgrade. Later, she entered into an affair with the banker of her husband, a Greek-Romanian named Alexandru Scanavi, who was appointed her chamberlain to cover up the scandal. .....
In May 1935, Elisabeth heard from a Greek diplomat that the Second Hellenic Republic was on the verge of collapse and that the restoration of the monarchy was imminent. Frightened by this news, the exiled Queen of the Hellenes then launched divorce proceedings without informing her husband. Charged with "desertion from the family home", George II saw his marriage dissolved by a Bucharest court without being really invited to speak on the matter (6 July 1935).
An ambitious princess
After the death of King Ferdinand I in 1927, Romania began a period of great instability. After Crown Prince Carol renounced his rights to be able to live with his mistress Magda Lupescu, his son ascended to the throne as King Michael I under the direction of a Council of Regency. Nevertheless, a significant part of the population supported the rights of Carol, who finally managed to take the crown in 1930. Very close to her brother, Elisabeth actively supported his return to Romania. She kept him daily informed of the country's political life during his years of exile.
Once on the throne, Carol II maintained stormy relations with the members of his family but retained his confidence in Elisabeth, who was the only member of the royal family who accepted his mistress. Thanks to the inheritance received from her father, the financial advice of her lover, the banker Alexandru Scanavi, and her good relations with her brother, the princess managed to live in great style in Romania. In March 1935, she acquired the large domain of Banloc, near the border with Yugoslavia, a mansion in Sinaia and an elegant villa of Italian style, called Elisabeta Palace, located in the Șoseaua Kiseleff in Bucharest.
After the death of the Queen Mother Marie in 1938 and the deposition of Carol II in 1940, Elisabeth played the role of First Lady of Romania. Ambitiously, the princess had indeed no remorse to follow her brother's policy, even when she showed herself tyrannical with other members of the royal family. After the return to the throne of Michael I and the establishment of the dictatorship of Marshal Ion Antonescu, Elisabeth stayed out of politics. However, from 1944, she forged links with the Romanian Communist Party and openly conspired against her nephew, who now considered her a spy. In early 1947, she received in her domain of Banloc the Marshal Tito, who deposed another of her nephews, the young King Peter II of Yugoslavia. Finally, through Alexandru Scanavi, the Princess participated in the financing of the guerrilla who fought against her former brother-in-law, the now King Paul I, in Greece.
However, Elisabeth wasn't the only member of the Romanian royal family who had friendly relations with the communists: her sister Ileana did the same in the hope of putting her eldest son, Archduke Stefan of Austria, on the throne. For these reasons, the two princesses then received the nickname of "Red Aunts" of King Michael I.
Last years
Despite her links with the Romanian Communist Party, Elisabeth was forced to leave the country after the proclamation of the Romanian People's Republic, on 30 December 1947. The new regime gave her three days to pack her belongings and the Elisabeta Palace was ransacked. However, before she went into exile, the princess had time to burn her archives in the domain of Banloc. On 12 January 1948 she left Romania with her sister Ileana aboard a special train provided by the Communists. The Scanavi family accompanied them, but both princesses lost much of their property after being expelled from the country.
Elisabeth settled firstly in Zurich and then in Cannes, at the Villa Rose Alba. ..... Having fallen in love with the young man, the princess wished to marry him and asked her cousin, Frederick, Prince of Hohenzollern, to bestow a title on him, but Frederick refused. The princess then decided to adopt her lover; which she did three months before her death. She died at her home on 14 November 1956.
The body of the princess was transferred to the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen crypt, the Hedinger Kirche of Sigmaringen.
Archives
Young Princess Elisabeth's letters to her grandfather, Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, are preserved in the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen family archive, which is in the State Archive of Sigmaringen (Staatsarchiv Sigmaringen) in the town of Sigmaringen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Arms and monogram
Royal Monogram as Princess Elisabeth of Romania
Coat of Arms of Queen Elisabeth of Greece
Royal Monogram of Queen Elisabeth of Greece
See also
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 92
|
https://en.peles.ro/historical-figures/queen-elisabeth/
|
en
|
Queen Elisabeth – Peles National Museum
|
[
"https://en.peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/5JFV8_AL01.jpg",
"http://peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/drapel_romania.png",
"https://en.peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Elizabeth_Queen_of_Romania-970x1624.jpg",
"https://en.peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/elisabeta-inainte-de-casatoria-cu-Carol-I-238x300-1.jpg",
"https://en.peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/3.-7287-202x300-1.jpg",
"https://en.peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9.-FOTO-ENESCU-REGINA-202x300-1.jpg",
"http://peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/hostx_88x30.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
https://en.peles.ro/historical-figures/queen-elisabeth/
|
Princess Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise of Wied, the first Queen of Romania, was born on December 29,1843, at Monrepos castle in Neuwied, Germany. Her parents were Hermann, Prince of Wied and Princess Marie of Nassau.
Since her childhood, Elisabeth studied classical languages, French and English literature, philosophy, history, grammar and proved an extraordinary talent for the foreign languages: Italian, French, English, Swedish and Russian. At the same time, she took piano lessons with Claire Schumann and Anton Rubinstein. Her education was accomplished by studying Philosophy at Budapest and Heidelberg Universities and painting at Berlin Beaux-Arts Academy.
In 1869, Elisabeth married Carol of Hohenzollern – Sigmaringen and one year later, their child, Princess Marioara, was born. The parents’ joy was short, Marioara died at the age of four years old of scarlet fever. After her daughter’s loss, Elisabeth’s life would be put in the service of her foster people. Her work during the War of Independence (1877-1878) is well-known: she was the patron of the Romanian Red Cross and was called by the soldiers ,,the Mother of Wounded”. At the same time, she founded schools, charitable organisations and hospitals and developed an extensive patronage of arts. Elisabeth discovered and financially sustained young talented people or well-known Romanian and foreign artists. The Romanian musicians George Enescu and Dumitru Dinicu, the painter Nicolae Grigorescu and the writers Elena Văcărescu, I.L.Caragiale and Vasile Alecsandri benefited by Elisabeth’s attention and benevolence.
At the Royal Palace, in Bucharest, and at the Peles castle, in Sinaia, she used to organize literary and musical soirées where artists such as Pierre Loti, Pablo de Sarasate, Gabrielle-Charlotte Reju, called Réjane, Eleonora Duse and Sarah Bernhardt were invited.
Queen Elisabeth was also a prolific author. Novels, essayes, burlesques, plays, fairy tales and translations from the Romanian folklore were written by herself, under the pen-name Carmen Sylva – The Song of the Forest. For The Thoughts of a Queen, the French Academy awarded her the famous literary award Botta, and she received the honorary title The Bard of Wales, in 1890.
Charitable Organizations founded by Queen Elisabeth
Elena Doamna Asylum: a project initiated by Elena Rosetti Cuza, the wife of former United Principalities ruler Al.I.Cuza, in 1862.The young Princess Elisabeth, generously offered her personal savings, 12 000 francs, to build, in the asylum’s precinct, a chapel whose construction started in 1870.
Six years later, she founded the National Romanian Red Cross Organization. At the beginning of the War of Independence, along with General Carol Davila, sanitarian of the Romanian service, she founded the ambulance service and in the vicinity of Cotroceni Palace, in Bucharest, with her own money, 36 000 francs, two barracks for wounded are built and Cotroceni train station was transformed into a hospital.
The Institute of the Sisters of Charity founded in 1879, from her personal revenue.
The Organization ,,Queen Elisabeth’’: founded in 1893, in order to medicate c. 17 000 poor people/year, to dispense free medicaments and to monitor the poor families situation.
The Polyclinic ,,Queen Elisabeth’’: founded in 1895 under the honorary patronage of the Queen, in order to give free consultations to poor people.
Queen Elisabeth understood the huge potential of the Romanian traditional culture. Amazed by the beauty of the national costume, she used to wear it and promote it at the Royal Court. She encouraged the local industry’s development and also contributed to the social emancipation of the Romanian women. Concordia Society was founded in order to encourage the Romanian textile industry’s development. The embroideries made within it were appreciated by the famous Fashion Houses from Paris and London. In 1905, at Marsan Pavilion an embroideries exhibition called ,,Carmen Sylva Embroideries” was open. The French press appreciatively wrote about it.
Munca Society founded in 1885 in order to help the poor women, invalid women, widows and housewives.
Queen Elisabeth also founded, on the Royal Peles Estate, the Arts and Crafts Workshops where most of the furniture to decorate the Peles castle (1875-1883) were made.
Due to the Queen, Romania participated at the Universal Exhibitions organized in Paris, in 1867, 1889 and 1900, where traditional products, embroideries, tapestries and national costumes were exhibited. In 1912, Queen Elisabeth organized at Berlin an exhibition entitled ,,The women involved in arts and crafts”, with large echoes in the international press.
|
|||||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 31
|
https://kaiserland.fandom.com/wiki/Carol_II
|
en
|
Carol II
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/kaiserland/images/f/f1/Catol_al_II-lea.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20210501020449
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/kaiserland/images/f/f1/Catol_al_II-lea.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20210501020449
|
[
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/kaiserland/images/f/f1/Catol_al_II-lea.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/350?cb=20210501020449",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ff185fe4-8356-4b6b-ad48-621b95a82a1d",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f3fc9271-3d5e-4c73-9afc-e6a9f6154ff1",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/464fc70a-5090-490b-b47e-0759e89c263f",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f7bb9d33-4f9a-4faa-88fe-2a0bd8138668"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Kaiserland Wiki"
] |
2024-07-29T22:27:06+00:00
|
Carol II is the King of Romania who ruled the Kingdom of Romania since his father Ferdinand I of Romania had been deposed by the Germans in favor of him. Carol was born in Peleș Castle. Carol grew up under the thumb of his dominating grand-uncle, King Carol I, who largely excluded his parents...
|
en
|
/skins-ucp/mw139/common/favicon.ico
|
Kaiserland Wiki
|
https://kaiserland.fandom.com/wiki/Carol_II
|
Carol II is the King of Romania who ruled the Kingdom of Romania since his father Ferdinand I of Romania had been deposed by the Germans in favor of him.
History[]
Early Life[]
Carol was born in Peleș Castle. Carol grew up under the thumb of his dominating grand-uncle, King Carol I, who largely excluded his parents, the German-born Crown Prince Ferdinand and the British-born Crown Princess Marie, from any role in bringing him up. Romania in the early 20th century had a famously relaxed "Latin" sexual morality, and the British Princess Marie of Edinburgh who despite or perhaps because of her Victorian upbringing ended up "going native", having a long series of affairs with various Romanian men with whom she could obtain more emotional and sexual satisfaction than she could with Ferdinand, who fiercely resented being cuckolded. The stern Carol I felt that Marie was unqualified to raise Prince Carol because of her affairs and her young age, as she was only seventeen when Carol was born, while Marie regarded the King as a cold, overbearing tyrant who would crush the life out of her son.
Additionally, the childless Carol I, who had always wanted a son, treated Prince Carol as his surrogate son and thoroughly spoiled him, indulging his every whim. Ferdinand was a rather shy and weak man who was easily overshadowed by the charismatic Marie, who become the most loved member of the Romanian royal family. Growing up, Carol felt ashamed of his father, whom both his grand-uncle and mother pushed around. Carol's childhood was spent being caught up in an emotional tug-of-war between Carol I and Marie, who had very different ideas about how to raise him. The Romanian historian Marie Bucur described the battle between Carol I and Princess Marie as one between traditional 19th century Prussian conservatism as personified by Carol I versus the 20th century liberal, modernist and sexually liberated values of the "New Woman" as personified by Princess Marie. Aspects of both Marie's and Carol I's personalities were present in Carol II. Largely because of the battle between the King and Marie, Carol ended being both spoiled and deprived of love.
Teenage Years and Love Life[]
During his teenage years, Carol acquired the "playboy" image that was to become his defining persona for the rest of his life. Carol I expressed some concern at the direction that Prince Carol was taking, as the young Prince's only serious interest was stamp collecting and he spent an inordinate amount of time drinking, partying, chasing after women; young Carol fathered at least two illegitimate children by the teenage schoolgirl Maria Martini by the time that he was 19. Carol rapidly become a favorite of gossip columnists around the world owing to the frequent photographs that appeared in the newspapers showing him at various parties with him holding a drink in one hand and a woman in the other.
In order to teach the Prince the value of the Prussian virtues, the King had the Prince commissioned as an officer into a Prussian guards regiment in 1913. His time with the 1st Prussian Guards regiment did not achieve the desired results, and Carol remained the "playboy prince". Romania in the early 20th century was an intensely Francophile nation, indeed perhaps the most Francophile nation in the entire world as the Romanian elite obsessively went about embracing all things French as the model for perfection in everything. To a certain extent, Carol was influenced by the prevailing Francophilia, but at the same time he inherited from Carol I, in the words of the American historian Margaret Sankey, a "profound love of German militarism" and the idea that all democratic governments were weak governments.
In November 1914, Carol joined the Romanian Senate, as the 1866 Constitution guaranteed him a seat there upon reaching maturity. Known more for his romantic misadventures than for any leadership skills, Carol (Romanian for "Charles") was first married in the Cathedral Church of Odessa, Ukraine, 31 August 1918 (under the occupation of the Central Powers at that time), to Joanna Marie Valentina Lambrino (b. 1898), known as "Zizi", the daughter of a Romanian general, Constantin Lambrino. The fact that Carol technically had deserted as he left his post at the Army without permission to marry Zizi Lambrino caused immense controversy at the time.
Becoming Germany's chosen Puppet Ruler for Romania.[]
Romania during Germany's conquest of the Eastern Front conquered Transylvania and Besirarabia , Germany got it's revenge by conquering Romania and then replacing Ferdinand I with Carol II himself who then took the throne of Romania. The Reason they replaced Ferdinand was because Ferdinand was a Roman Catholic and Carol was Romanian Orthodox which is the state Religion of Romania and his marriage with Zizi, a pure Romanian would be a new Branch of Wilhelm's family. Carol was crowned Carol II of Romania as his wife Zizi Lambrino was crowned Queen Zizi of Romania.
Marriage[]
Carol II is married to Zizi Lambrino and they have one son.
|
||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 28
|
https://www.rct.uk/collection/2908544/queen-elisabeth-of-romania-1843-1916
|
en
|
Queen Elisabeth of Romania (1843
|
[
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/logo.911c3366.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/down-arrow.49a9c909.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/down-arrow.49a9c909.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/down-arrow.49a9c909.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/down-arrow.49a9c909.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/trolley.0e02cdf1.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/mobile-menu-icon.dd74d765.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/loader.7fd276f2.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/facebook.03ff5e1b.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/instagram-gradient.51d150ed.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/yt_icon_rgb.f955afdc.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/x.c6568671.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/contact.6649d275.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Carte-de-visite head and shoulders photograph of Queen Elisabeth of Romania. The subject is shown in three quarter view, facing the right of the image, with her head turned towards the viewer. Her hair is curled and arranged in a chignon. She is wearing a pale coloured silk gown whose sleeves are trimmed with gathered white lace and whose bodice is decorated with appliqued dark coloured velvet leaves, embroidered with metallic thread.Elisabeth was the daughter of Prince Hermann of Wied and...
|
en
| null |
Keep in touch
Sign up to e-mail updates for the latest news, exclusive events and 15% off in our online shop.
We will look after your data in accordance with our Privacy Notice.
|
||||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 84
|
https://phys.org/news/2024-08-forgotten-women-wrote-fairytales-subverted.html
|
en
|
Three forgotten women who wrote fairytales that subverted the Grimms' gender norms
|
[
"https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/logo-header.png",
"https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/MedicalXpress2.svg",
"https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/techX_w.svg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/800a/2024/fairytale.jpg",
"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/233931/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/honey-bees-may-play-ke.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/protein-folding-helper.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/yellow-naped-amazon.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/humpbacks-are-among-an-2.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/global-warming.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/to-kill-mammoths-in-th.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2021/sea-level-rise.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/freeze-frame-u-of-a-re.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2019/china.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/us-congress-members-we.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2022/fairy-tales-are-salien.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2023/are-fairy-tales-fair-a-1.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2017/fridayessayw.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/audiobook-1.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2023/-fairy-tales-offer-acc-1.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2022/noaa-researchers-seek.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/algorithm-data-1.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/nintendo-switch.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2023/documents-2.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/in-rural-america-gun-v.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/spread-the-love-online.jpg",
"https://scx1.b-cdn.net/csz/news/tmb/2024/how-some-states-help-r.jpg",
"https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/MedicalXpress.svg",
"https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/techexploer.svg",
"https://phys.b-cdn.net/tmpl/v6/img/ScienceX.svg",
"https://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-5dNhPAnM9r0yY.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Science",
"Physics News",
"Science news",
"Technology News",
"Physics",
"Materials",
"Nanotech",
"Technology",
"Science"
] | null |
[
"Anja Rekeszus"
] |
2024-08-07T12:40:01-04:00
|
Rapunzel, Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty—these well-known stories and others, first published by the Brothers Grimm in Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Children's and Household Tales, 1812), have become shorthand for what we collectively think of as fairytales. They are stories with a strong moralistic undertone in which humble and obedient women are rewarded while transgressive women suffer—all before an interchangeable background of castles, kings and sorcery.
|
en
|
https://phys.b-cdn.net/favicon.ico
|
https://phys.org/news/2024-08-forgotten-women-wrote-fairytales-subverted.html
|
Rapunzel, Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty—these well-known stories and others, first published by the Brothers Grimm in Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Children's and Household Tales, 1812), have become shorthand for what we collectively think of as fairytales. They are stories with a strong moralistic undertone in which humble and obedient women are rewarded while transgressive women suffer—all before an interchangeable background of castles, kings and sorcery.
But these stories are only one iteration of fairytales. Stories that were collected and continuously edited by men to reinforce bourgeois values, which often marginalized women.
In the ongoing success story of the Grimms' fairytales, repopularized by big film corporations such as Disney, women who collected and wrote fairytales have long been overlooked.
Three such authors were Karoline von Woltmann, Carmen Sylva, and Laura Gonzenbach. Their stories are a far cry from the Grimms," asserting women's agency and addressing their needs.
1. Karoline von Woltmann (1782–1847)
Born the daughter of a Prussian privy councilor in Berlin and highly educated, Woltmann spent most of her life writing historical fiction as well as works on social propriety. In these works, Woltmann presented herself in a light that would not be seen as particularly enlightened in our time. She endorses a gendered division of societal roles, and advocates for the importance of marriage as a societal institution.
But her fantastical writings give us a more nuanced insight into her views. In Der Mädchenkrieg (The Girls' War), from her collection Volkssagen der Böhmen (Folk Tales of the Bohemians, 1815), Woltmann retells a bohemian legend following the death of the legendary queen Libuše.
The women of the court, led by Wlastislava, oppose the men's wish to rule Bohemia and use women solely as wives and servants. An increasingly violent conflict between the sexes ensues, which ends in a final battle in which Wlatislava dies. But through the diplomatic efforts of two peace-loving couples, the conflict is ended. Wives return to their husbands, and the husbands vow to honor their wives.
While the status quo is restored at the end of this tale, Woltmann's main message is that marriage is built upon equity and respect. She criticizes those men who use it as a tool of oppression, and asserts that the sexes must cooperate in matters of governance.
2. Carmen Sylva (1843–1916)
Elisabeth zu Wied—more widely known under her pen name, Carmen Sylva—was a German princess who, through the coronation of her husband Carol I, became the first queen of Romania in 1881.
The new dynasty, however, got off to a troubled start. Their rule was repeatedly questioned, and the queen and king faced a series of droughts and social unrest. It was during this time that Sylva published Pelesch-Märchen (Peleş Fairy Tales, 1882)—a collection of 12 fairytales, largely of her own invention.
In these stories, Sylva fashions herself as a mothering "poet queen" who, by befriending the Romanian river Peleş and writing down its stories, is able to compile a collection of fairytales taken directly from the Romanian landscape's mouth. The tales function as a guide to the most prominent features of the landscape of the Peleş region.
Each story explains how a certain landmark, for example, a local mountain or a valley, came by its name. The tales also subvert gendered stereotypes employed by the Grimms: instead of meek and well-behaved girls, Sylva's protagonists are often queens or hard-working, courageous peasant women.
Through these tales, the queen signaled to her readership that she had a special relationship with the Romanian landscape. She was therefore able to assert herself as a female ruler, and provide a new collection of national tales that conveniently circumnavigated her foreign origin.
3. Laura Gonzenbach (1842–1878)
Very little is known about Laura Gonzenbach's life and circumstances. According to the few sources that exist, she was born into a Swiss-German mercantile family in Messina, in Sicily. Gonzenbach was highly educated and spoke multiple languages. Much of her young life was spent in the rural countryside of Sicily, where she was most likely taught the Sicilian dialect by servants as one of her first languages.
It was for this reason that the prominent German fairy tale scholar Otto Hartwig approached her and asked her to collect and translate local fairy tales for him to publish in a collection—the Sicilianische Märchen (Sicilian Fairy Tales, 1870).
At a first glance, these 92 tales appear close in tone and format to those of the Grimms. They imitate an oral style and use similar vocabulary. However, it quickly becomes apparent that not only are the protagonists overwhelmingly female, but they also challenge patriarchal power structures.
In Zafarana, for example, a cross-dressing heroine gives such a convincing impression of being male that the resident princess falls in love with her.
Taken together with Gonzenbach's informants being overwhelmingly female, these tales present as "Grimmian," in their style, language and structure, while in fact undermining the exact societal models the Grimms promoted.
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 27
|
https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/K2XH-96P/king-carol-ii-of-romania-1893-1953
|
en
|
FamilySearch.org
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Discover your family history. Explore the world’s largest collection of free family trees, genealogy records and resources.
|
en
| null | |||||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 25
|
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/270919733811596838/
|
en
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2015-10-07T15:08:14+00:00
|
Discover (and save!) your own Pins on Pinterest.
|
en
|
Pinterest
|
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/elisabeth-of-wied--642185228113404652/
| |||||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 70
|
https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2018/10/12/what-happened-to-romanias-monarchy
|
en
|
What happened to Romania’s monarchy?
|
[
"https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=360,quality=80,format=auto/sites/default/files/20181013_EUP503.jpg 360w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=384,quality=80,format=auto/sites/default/files/20181013_EUP503.jpg 384w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=480,quality=80,format=auto/sites/default/files/20181013_EUP503.jpg 480w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=600,quality=80,format=auto/sites/default/files/20181013_EUP503.jpg 600w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=834,quality=80,format=auto/sites/default/files/20181013_EUP503.jpg 834w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=960,quality=80,format=auto/sites/default/files/20181013_EUP503.jpg 960w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1096,quality=80,format=auto/sites/default/files/20181013_EUP503.jpg 1096w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1280,quality=80,format=auto/sites/default/files/20181013_EUP503.jpg 1280w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1424,quality=80,format=auto/sites/default/files/20181013_EUP503.jpg 1424w",
"https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=256,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240824_BLP506.jpg 256w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=360,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240824_BLP506.jpg 360w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=384,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240824_BLP506.jpg 384w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=480,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240824_BLP506.jpg 480w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=600,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240824_BLP506.jpg 600w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=834,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240824_BLP506.jpg 834w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=960,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240824_BLP506.jpg 960w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1096,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240824_BLP506.jpg 1096w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1280,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240824_BLP506.jpg 1280w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1424,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240824_BLP506.jpg 1424w",
"https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=256,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP511.jpg 256w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=360,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP511.jpg 360w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=384,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP511.jpg 384w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=480,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP511.jpg 480w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=600,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP511.jpg 600w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=834,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP511.jpg 834w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=960,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP511.jpg 960w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1096,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP511.jpg 1096w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1280,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP511.jpg 1280w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1424,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP511.jpg 1424w",
"https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=256,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP506.jpg 256w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=360,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP506.jpg 360w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=384,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP506.jpg 384w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=480,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP506.jpg 480w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=600,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP506.jpg 600w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=834,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP506.jpg 834w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=960,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP506.jpg 960w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1096,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP506.jpg 1096w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1280,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP506.jpg 1280w, https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1424,quality=80,format=auto/media-assets/image/20240817_BLP506.jpg 1424w"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"The Economist"
] |
2018-10-12T00:00:00
|
Its members may have lost their official roles, but the royal family is still recognisable to many Romanians | The Economist explains
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
The Economist
|
https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2018/10/12/what-happened-to-romanias-monarchy
|
By M.W.
ROMANIA’S monarchy has been defunct since 1947. But the royal family still enjoys much of the associated pageantry. It hosts events in the fairy-tale Peles Castle, once its home, now a museum. Two years ago the dynasty’s 150th anniversary was celebrated with substantial pomp: soldiers presenting arms, a regimental band, and aeroplanes leaving smoke trails in the national colours. Many Romanians still take an interest in royal affairs. Last December tens of thousands lined the streets of Bucharest to watch the spectacular state funeral given to the last king, Michael. Members of several foreign royal families attended. After King Michael’s death, the parliament discussed a bill to grant the head of the royal house the same status as that of former heads of state. It also toyed with the idea of a referendum on restoring the monarchy (a poll showed that some 70% of the public want the issue put to a popular vote), but never moved forward with it.
|
||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 86
|
https://www.mostynestates.co.uk/the-visit-of-elisabeth-of-romania-1890/
|
en
|
The Visit of Elisabeth of Romania (1890)
|
[
"https://www.mostynestates.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Mostyn-logo-219.png",
"https://www.mostynestates.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/bfi_thumb/Elisabeth-of-Romania-mgoqmbjfkj7k1nerwlhi2j9um0de1l0hgnohveuoya.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Mostyn-Admin",
"https://www.mostynestates.co.uk/author/mostyn-admin/#author"
] |
1890-09-04T09:57:14+00:00
|
Llandudno’s developing status as ‘the queen of Welsh resorts’
|
en
|
Mostyn Estates
|
https://www.mostynestates.co.uk/the-visit-of-elisabeth-of-romania-1890/
|
Llandudno’s developing status as ‘the queen of Welsh resorts’ gained extra impetus in the summer of 1890 when its played host to Elisabeth the Queen of Romania (1843-1916), the wife of Carol I (1839-1914), King of Romania since 1866.
Arriving on the Royal Train of the Prince of Wales, the queen stayed in the Marine Hotel. The day after her arrival she was visited by Lord and Lady Mostyn and they remained her close companions for the remainder of the visit, regularly escorting her on her excursions. During her visit, as well as enjoying the landmarks and attractions Llandudno had to offer, she visited Gloddaith hall, regularly attended Llanrhos church and travelled to Bangor to experience the National Eisteddfod. An accomplished poet, novelist, playwright and artist in her own right, under the alias of ‘Carmen Sylva’ she could competently produce works in the German, French, Romanian and English languages. She was also proclaimed a Bard at the Eisteddfod.
Her visit was considered to be a fitting tribute to the progress and style of the town’s continuing development. On her departure she described the resort as ‘a beautiful haven of peace’. This description was later translated into Welsh and adopted as Llandudno’s official motto – ‘Hardd Hafen Hedd’. Her acclaimed visit was also commemorated by the naming of three streets in the town: Carmel Sylva Road, Roumania Drive and Roumania Crescent.
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 71
|
https://emerging-europe.com/after-hours/michael-the-last-king-of-romania/
|
en
|
Michael: The Last King of Romania
|
[
"https://emerging-europe.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ee_logo_new.png",
"https://emerging-europe.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ee_logo_new-mini.png",
"https://emerging-europe.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ee_logo_new-mini.png",
"https://emerging-europe.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/bigstock-King-Michael-I-53664961-e1512739688331-990x556.jpg",
"https://emerging-europe.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/2018_06_22-emerging-europe-event-team-26-120x120.jpg",
"https://emerging-europe.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/bigstock-199728901-e1512739615332-700x500.jpg",
"https://emerging-europe.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/bigstock-fortress-over-the-town-of-priz-455879553-300x168.jpg",
"https://emerging-europe.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/bigstock-lake-balaton-and-the-reformed-464570635-300x168.jpg",
"https://emerging-europe.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/bigstock-man-with-backpack-walks-mounta-94849301-300x168.jpg",
"https://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-QsLcx7t4vcf8h.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2017-12-08T14:27:17+00:00
|
He was king before – and after – his father. He was one of the last people alive to have met Hitler, Mussolini and Churchill but not, as has been reported, the last World War II head of state: Simeon II of Bulgaria survives him. He was certainly the last king of Romania. Any hope …
|
en
|
Emerging Europe
|
https://emerging-europe.com/after-hours/michael-the-last-king-of-romania/
|
He was king before – and after – his father. He was one of the last people alive to have met Hitler, Mussolini and Churchill but not, as has been reported, the last World War II head of state: Simeon II of Bulgaria survives him. He was certainly the last king of Romania. Any hope the country’s monarchists had of restoring the throne were dashed in 1990 when the neo-communists who took over Romania in the wake of the 1989 revolution prevented the exiled king from even entering the country. His legacy is not great: a feuding family, no clear line of succession. To all intents and purposes the Romanian royal family dies with him.
Michael, or, to use his Romanian name, Mihai, was born in 1921 in the splendid mountain setting of Peles Castle, Sinaia, built for his great-grandfather Carol I, the first king of Romania. At the time Romania was a country on the cusp of a bright future: it had recently more than doubled in size thanks in large part to the charm and diplomacy of Michael’s wily grandmother Queen Marie at the Versailles negotiations.
Michael’s father, who would go on to become Carol II, had taken a Jewish mistress in the early 1920s and as such was not considered royal material by the country’s politicians, and was forced to renounce his right to the throne in 1925. It was therefore Michael, who had yet to reach his sixth birthday, who assumed the throne on the death of his grandfather Ferdinand in 1927. A trio of regents ruled on his behalf: his uncle Prince Nicolae, the patriarch of the Romanian Church Miron Cristea, and the country’s Chief Justice Gheorghe Buzdugan. The three could rarely agree and by 1930 Carol, all sins forgiven, had been invited to return to Romania to take the throne.
In 1940, accused by the would-be dictator and powerful head of the Romanian army Ion Antonescu of being ill-disposed towards Nazi Germany, Carol II was again exiled. Antonescu placed Michael, now 18, back on the throne. Although the king was officially the head of state and commander-in-chief of the army, it was Antonescu who pulled the strings and led Romania, disastrously, into war on the side of the Axis powers. By 1944, with the war lost and the Soviet army close to Romania’s pre-war borders, Michael – with the support of most of Romania’s political parties – acted. He called Antonescu to Peles for discussions, and promptly had him arrested. The Romanian army ceased fire on the Eastern Front. Three days later, on August 26, Romania rejoined the war on the side of the Allies.
If Michael had hoped that the removal of Antonescu would prevent a Soviet invasion he was wrong. The Soviet Union occupied the country and began the process of installing a communist government. Michael, in cooperation with liberal politicians, did what he could to delay the process, but in vain. Non-communist politicians were arrested, and at a string of sham trials were given long prison sentences. Some were executed. By the autumn of 1947, it was all over. In London for the wedding of his cousins Elizabeth Windsor and Philip Mountbatten (later Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh), Michael was warned not to return to Romania. He did, but on December 30 he was forced to abdicate. He was told thousands of students would be shot if he didn’t.
He left Romania by train four days later and was allowed to take just 12 cases of belongings. Keen to discredit him, the communist government spread false rumours that he had fled the country with vast wealth, including gold and valuable works of art. He went first to Switzerland, before moving to London until he returned to Switzerland, this time to settle, in 1956. He married Princess Anne of Bourbon-Parma, a Catholic, in 1948, and fathered five children, all girls. A polymath, Michael worked as a commercial airline pilot and a broker before becoming an entrepreneur.
On Christmas Day 1990 – exactly one year after the revolution which overthrew Nicolae Ceaușescu – Michael, accompanied by several members of the royal family, landed at Otopeni Airport in Bucharest on a Danish diplomatic passport. He was given a visa valid for 24 hours. He set off for the Curtea de Argeș near Pitesti, to pray at the tombs of his royal ancestors and attend Christmas mass. He did not get far. Police stopped the cortege and forced the king back to the airport and out of the country.
He did not, in fact, make it into Romania for any length of time until Easter 1992. Even then he was refused permission to speak from the balcony of the former Royal Palace (then, as today, Romania’s National Museum of Art). Instead, he spoke from the window of his room at the Continental Hotel. Almost one million people came to hear what he had to say.
He was again denied entry to Romania, twice, in 1994 and 1995. It was only after Emil Constantinescu defeated neo-communist Ion Iliescu to become president in 1996 that Michael’s Romanian citizenship, stripped in 1948, was restored. He then lived partly in Switzerland and partly in Romania, either at Săvârșin Castle in Arad County or at the Elisabeta Palace in Bucharest. Two former royal residences – Peleș Castle and its little neighbour Pelișor – were also returned to the king. Michael kept them both open to the public.
Romanian monarchists who spent the days following his death wondering aloud what may have been had Michael had his crown restored after the revolution miss the point. He was already in his seventies, and it’s doubtful he even wanted the job. He never publicly said he was interested. The Liberal Party suggested he run for president. He wasn’t interested in that either. Besides, it is doubtful he would have been able to do much about the institutionalised pillaging of the 1990s. With a morally sound head of state, perhaps a better behaved political class might have emerged, and entry to both NATO and the EU could have happened earlier. But it’s doubtful. As events of the past few months have demonstrated, to succeed in the swamp of contemporary Romanian politics it helps to be a monster. Michael was anything but.
Michael, King of Romania, died on December 5, 2017.
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 87
|
https://www.flickr.com/photos/123916455%40N02/14827412285
|
en
|
Elisabeth of Wied, Queen of Romania
|
[
"https://live.staticflickr.com/2938/14827412285_ceba586e42.jpg",
"https://live.staticflickr.com/2938/14827412285_ceba586e42.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Flickr",
"Strings of Pearl's",
"Strings of Pearl's"
] |
2024-08-21T18:37:14.912000+00:00
|
Born Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise zu Wied in 1843, she was the Queen of Romania as the wife consort of King Carol I. She was the daughter of Hermann, Prince of Wied, and his wife Princess Marie of Nassau.
As a young girl, sixteen-year-old Elisabeth was considered as a possible bride for Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (the future Edward VII of the United Kingdom).
In 1869 she married Prince Carol of Romania. Their only child, a daughter, Maria, died in 1874 at age three — an event from which Elisabeth never recovered. She was crowned Queen of Romania in 1881 after Romania was proclaimed a kingdom.
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 she devoted herself to the care of the wounded, and founded the Order of Elizabeth (a gold cross on a blue ribbon) to reward distinguished service in such work. She fostered the higher education of women in Romania, and established societies for various charitable objects.
In 1881, due to the lack of heirs to the Romanian throne, King Carol I adopted his nephew, Ferdinand. Ferdinand, became very close to one of Elisabeth's ladies in waiting Elena Văcărescu. Elisabeth, very close to Elena herself, encouraged the romance even though she knew nothing could come of it.
The result was Elisabeth was exiled to Neuwied, Germany.
According to notes she made in her diary, Elisabeth was more in favour of a Republican form of government than a monarchy.
Elisabeth died at Curtea de Argeș in 1916.
|
en
|
https://combo.staticflickr.com/pw/favicon.ico
|
Flickr
|
https://www.flickr.com/photos/123916455@N02/14827412285
|
Born Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise zu Wied in 1843, she was the Queen of Romania as the wife consort of King Carol I. She was the daughter of Hermann, Prince of Wied, and his wife Princess Marie of Nassau.
As a young girl, sixteen-year-old Elisabeth was considered as a possible bride for Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (the future Edward VII of the United Kingdom).
In 1869 she married Prince Carol of Romania. Their only child, a daughter, Maria, died in 1874 at age three — an event from which Elisabeth never recovered. She was crowned Queen of Romania in 1881 after Romania was proclaimed a kingdom.
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 she devoted herself to the care of the wounded, and founded the Order of Elizabeth (a gold cross on a blue ribbon) to reward distinguished service in such work. She fostered the higher education of women in Romania, and established societies for various charitable objects.
In 1881, due to the lack of heirs to the Romanian throne, King Carol I adopted his nephew, Ferdinand. Ferdinand, became very close to one of Elisabeth's ladies in waiting Elena Văcărescu. Elisabeth, very close to Elena herself, encouraged the romance even though she knew nothing could come of it.
The result was Elisabeth was exiled to Neuwied, Germany.
According to notes she made in her diary, Elisabeth was more in favour of a Republican form of government than a monarchy.
Elisabeth died at Curtea de Argeș in 1916.
|
||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 73
|
https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/
|
en
|
Romania: birth of the Royal House - 150 years
|
[
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/logo.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/assets/components/phpthumbof/cache/National%20Archives%20of%20Romania%2C%20Bucharest%2C%20collection%20Photographical%20Documents_II%202264.56d136573be2105796bbbf1bcc5167ab.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/assets/components/phpthumbof/cache/National%20Archives%20of%20Romania%2C%20Bucharest%2C%20fond%20Royal%20House_Miscelanee_4%202.eec0422a8c8a8dac1681697d4266dcc1.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/assets/components/phpthumbof/cache/National%20Archives%20of%20Romania%2C%20Bucharest%2C%20collection%20Stamps_472.tif.crdownload.048b95cba17401693ab8bd09bfd203c7.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/assets/components/phpthumbof/cache/National%20Archives%20of%20Romania%2C%20Bucharest%2C%20collection%20Photographical%20Documents_II%2029.33cde3e7d43d2f48feb471e2fe61c7cd.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/assets/components/phpthumbof/cache/National%20Archives%20of%20Romania%2C%20Bucharest%2C%20collection%20Photographical%20Documents_II%204756.c119bfafd1ce697f13ce391b33914a8f.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/assets/components/phpthumbof/cache/National%20Archives%20of%20Romania%2C%20Bucharest%2C%20collection%20Photographical%20Documents_A40_F82.ee517c3d89d936193ad89b7ebeeb27eb.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/licences/RS-InC.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/licences/RS-InC.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/licences/RS-InC.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/licences/RS-InC.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/licences/RS-InC.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/licences/RS-InC.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/uploads/footer-logos/ICTPSP_logo.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/uploads/footer-logos/EU_flag.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/uploads/footer-logos/Connected2Europeana.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Archives Portal Europe"
] | null |
en
|
/assets/images/favicon.ico
|
Archives Portal Europe
| null |
After the abdication of Alexandru Ioan Cuza, the ruler of Romanian United Principalities (Valachia and Moldavia), by a palace coup d´état, and based on Napoleon III´s suggestion (strong sustainer of the Romanian national union and emblematic for the Romanian politicians of those time, considering that Romania was strongly influenced by French culture), Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was chosen as his succesor. The second son of Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Princess Josephine of Baden, he was described as a perfect soldier, healthy and disciplined, and also a very good politician with liberal ideas. Travelling to Romania was a huge challenge for him. Because of the political conflict between Prussia and the Austrian Empire, Karl came to Romania incognito, from Düsseldorf to Baziaș, through Switzerland. He received there a Swiss passport on the fake name Carl Hettingen and these features: "26 years old, shoes size 5, slim stature, black hair and eyebrows, gray eyes, pointed nose, normal size mouth, round chin, brown beard, oblong face and wears glasses".
In Romania, he was accompanied to Bucharest by Brătianu, a significant Romanian political figure. Reaching Bucharest, the prince was welcomed by a huge crowd (more curious about to the new ruler, then enthusiastic) and received the keys to the capital city (May 10/22, 1866). It was a rainy day after a long period of drought, apparently a very favorable sign (first proof for the prince that he entered into a world full of superstitions and omens). In this enviroment, Karl swore this oath: "I swear to guard the laws of Romania, to maintain the rights of its People and the integrity of its territory." - he spoke in French, as he did not speak Romanian. However, he endeared himself to his adopted country by endorsing the Romanian spelling of his name, Carol.
In the collective memory King Carol I is remembered as a cold and austere person, but always fair. He was permanently concerned with the prestige of the dynasty he had founded. His wife, Elizabeth - widely known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva, said he "wore the crown in his sleep", too. He was very meticulous, never late and he tried to impose his style upon his entourage. He was the initiator of the first Constitution, adopted by Romanian Parliament on June 29, 1866 - one of the most advanced constitutions for that time – inspired by Belgian pattern, which allowed the development and evolution of the Romanian state, by choosing to ignore the nominal suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, which led to the real independence in 1877.
You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers). This filter will only include materials with "Full dates", i.e. those that include date information available for date-based searches. You can either search for a specific date of interest or focus step by step on the time span of a century, decade, year or month. When searching for a specific date, enter the date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01/01/1900 for 1 January 1900, via the calendar function or by typing directly in the text field.
This filter concentrates on the earliest dates mentioned in the materials.
You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers). This filter will only include materials with "Full dates", i.e. those that include date information available for date-based searches. You can either search for a specific date of interest or focus step by step on the time span of a century, decade, year or month. When searching for a specific date, enter the date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01/01/1900 for 1 January 1900, via the calendar function or by typing directly in the text field.
This filter concentrates on the latest dates mentioned in the materials.
This object has been identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.
You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights .
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 30
|
https://www.historytoday.com/archive/death-carol-ii-romania
|
en
|
Death of Carol II of Romania
|
[
"https://www.historytoday.com/themes/custom/historytoday/assets/HT-logo.png",
"https://www.historytoday.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/HT%20August%202024%20Thumb.jpg",
"https://www.historytoday.com/themes/custom/historytoday/assets/HT-logo.png",
"https://www.historytoday.com/sites/default/files/printnew.png",
"https://www.historytoday.com/sites/default/files/carolii.jpg",
"https://www.historytoday.com/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_list/public/2024-07/king_johns_lost_treasure_history_today_0.jpg?itok=WDgZXRxS",
"https://www.historytoday.com/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_list/public/articles/gandhi_0.jpg?itok=PkxM-qHB",
"https://www.historytoday.com/sites/default/files/styles/sidebarnew/public/2024-08/revolutionary_friendship_francis_d_cogliano_history_today_0.jpg?itok=VQHVu4lz",
"https://www.historytoday.com/sites/default/files/styles/sidebarnew/public/2024-08/edwardian_colonial_wars_somalia_history_today_0.jpg?itok=Fk9zTwIf",
"https://www.historytoday.com/sites/default/files/styles/sidebarnew/public/2024-08/tame_and_wild_marcy_norton_history_today_0.jpeg?itok=fAN86qVu"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/sites/default/files/favicon.png
|
https://www.historytoday.com/archive/death-carol-ii-romania
|
King Carol spent his last years in exile in Mexico and Brazil before buying a villa at Estoril in Portugal. His sudden death there of a heart attack, aged fifty-nine, removed from the scene a Ruritanian figure, who was appropriately the subject of a biography by Barbara Cartland. Dashing, wilful and reckless, a lover of women, champagne and speed, Carol drove racing cars and piloted planes, and on state occasions appeared in operetta uniforms with enough ribbons, chains and orders to sink a small destroyer.
The kings of Romania were originally Hohenzollerns from Prussia. Carol, born in a fairy tale, Zenda-like castle in the Carpathian Mountains, was the son of King Ferdinand and the notorious Queen Marie, a grand-daughter of Queen Victoria. In his twenties he was introduced to a Russian princess with a view to marriage, but they did not take to each other. Instead in 1918, to his family's consternation, he secretly married Zizi Lambrino, a general's daughter. Carol was packed off to a monastery and she was returned to her family. After a time they were permitted to see each other again, and she bore him a son, but he had other liaisons and in 1921 he was persuaded to renounce her and marry Princess Helen of Greece, who also gave him a son, Michael.
Still busily womanising, Carol now found the love of his life, the red-haired, green-eyed Magda Lupescu, low-born Jewish wife of an army officer. Carol ran off to Italy with her in 1925, renounced his right to the throne and took her to live with him in Paris. Princess Helen divorced him in 1928.
Meanwhile, King Ferdinand died in 1927, succeeded by the five-year-old Michael, with a council of regency. There was much talk in Bucharest of Carol's possible return. After consultations with army officers and politicians, he flew to Romania in 1930 and to popular rejoicing seized the throne. Michael was given the title Grand Voevod of Alba Julia and restored to the nursery. Magda Lupescu was installed in a mansion in Bucharest and loaded down with expensive jewellery.
The situation would have taxed a heavyweight. The creation of a Greater Romania after the First World War had fuelled rival nationalist tensions, the court and the whole political system were riddled with corruption and the Romanian fascist party, the Iron Guard, partly financed by the Nazis, denounced the King as a weakling dominated by his Jewish whore and swore to be rid of her and every Jew in the country. Hitler wanted to draw Romania into the German orbit to get his hands on its oil. He succeeded and in 1940, with a mob baying in the street for his blood, Carol was forced to abdicate in favour of Michael. He took Magda into exile again, along with servants, three poodles and two pekinese and his stamp collection. He and Magda had to lie on the floor of their carriage when the Iron Guard fired on their train nearing the Yugoslavian border. They spent time in Spain and Portugal before going to Mexico. He had to sell part of the stamp collection to raise funds. The two were married in 1947, when he thought she was dying, but in fact she outlived him by twenty-five years, living on until 1977. Finally in 2003 Carol's remains were taken back from Lisbon to Bucharest to be reinterred.
|
||||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 29
|
https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/elisabeth-queen-of-romania%3Fpage%3D2
|
en
|
Getty Images
|
[
"https://www.gettyimages.com/sign-in/assets/static/white-f114c2d21e50f9b239ac.svg",
"https://www.gettyimages.com/sign-in/assets/static/black-dd9588e3db810afab0eb.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Getty Images Deutschland. Finden Sie hochauflösende lizenzfreie Bilder, Bilder zur redaktionellen Verwendung, Vektorgrafiken, Videoclips und Musik zur Lizenzierung in der umfangreichsten Fotobibliothek online.
|
de
| null | |||||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 9
|
https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/elizabeth-wied-1843-1916
|
en
|
Elizabeth of Wied (1843–1916)
|
[
"https://www.encyclopedia.com/themes/custom/trustme/images/header-logo.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Elizabeth of Wied (1843–1916)Queen of Rumania",
"painter",
"musician",
"writer",
"poet",
"and translator. Name variations: Elisabeth of Rumania or Romania; Elizabeth",
"Queen of Rumania; Elisabeth zu Wied; (pseudonyms) Carmen Sylva and Dito Und Idem."
] | null |
[] | null |
Elizabeth of Wied (1843–1916)Queen of Rumania, painter, musician, writer, poet, and translator. Name variations: Elisabeth of Rumania or Romania; Elizabeth, Queen of Rumania; Elisabeth zu Wied; (pseudonyms) Carmen Sylva and Dito Und Idem. Source for information on Elizabeth of Wied (1843–1916): Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia dictionary.
|
en
|
/sites/default/files/favicon.ico
|
https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/elizabeth-wied-1843-1916
|
Queen of Rumania, painter, musician, writer, poet, and translator. Name variations: Elisabeth of Rumania or Romania; Elizabeth, Queen of Rumania; Elisabeth zu Wied; (pseudonyms) Carmen Sylva and Dito Und Idem. Born Pauline Elizabeth Ottilie Louise (or Luise) in Neuwied, Prussia, on December 29, 1843; died on March 3, 1916, in Curtea de Arges, Rumania; daughter of Prince Hermann of Neuwied; married Prince Karl von Hohenzollern also known as Carol I (1839–1914), king of Rumania (r. 1881–1914), on November 15, 1869; children: Marie (1870–1874).
Elizabeth of Wied, widely known for her cultural interests and voluminous writings, was the daughter of Prince Hermann of Neuwied. She met Prince Karl von Hohenzollern in Berlin and married him in 1869; 12 years later, in 1881, she became queen of Rumania and he became king as Carol I. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, Elizabeth tended the wounded, establishing the Order of Elizabeth (a gold cross on a blue ribbon), to reward others for similar service. She founded other charitable societies as well and helped foster the higher education of women in Rumania.
A talented musician and painter, as well as a writer, Elizabeth produced poems, plays, novels, short stories, essays, collections of adages, and
translations. In addition to her original works, many of which were written under the pen name of "Carmen Sylva," she also put into literary form much of the folklore of the Rumanian peasantry. Two of her earliest poetry collections, Sappho (1880) and Stuerme (1882), are notable, and in 1888, she received the Prix Botta, a prize awarded triennially by the French Academy, for her volume of prose aphorisms, Les Pensées d'une reine (1882), a German version of which is entitled Vom Amboss (1890). A volume of religious meditations in Rumanian, Cuvinte Su-fletesci (1888), was also translated into German in 1890 under the title of Seelen-Gespracke. Elizabeth also used the pseudonym "Dito Und Idem" to indicate the joint authorship of several works on which she collaborated with her lady-in-waiting Marie Kremnitz . They include Aus zwei Welten (1884), a novel, Anna Boleyn (1886), a tragedy, Inderlrre (1888), a collection of short stories, Edleen Vaughan; or Paths of Peril (1894), another novel, and Sweet Hours (1904), a collection of poems written in English. Among her translations are German versions of Pierre Loti's romance Pêcheur d'Islande, and Paul de St. Victor's dramatic criticisms Les Deux Masques. Particularly notable is The Bard of the Dimbovitza, an English version of Helene Vacarescu 's collection of Rumanian folksongs entitled Lieder aus dem Dimbovitzathal (1889), done in collaboration with Alma Strettell.
Kremnitz, Marie (1852–1916)
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 93
|
https://www.kotte-autographs.com/en/autograph/carmen-sylva/
|
en
|
https://www.kotte-autographs.com/en/autograph/carmen-sylva/favicon.ico
|
https://www.kotte-autographs.com/en/autograph/carmen-sylva/favicon.ico
|
[
"https://www.kotte-autographs.com/documents/Intro/carmen-sylva.jpg",
"https://www.kotte-autographs.com/documents/Grafiken/88/list_desktop/88056.jpg",
"https://www.kotte-autographs.com/documents/Buchnummern/27/list_desktop/BN27823.jpg",
"https://www.kotte-autographs.com/documents/Buchnummern/31/list_desktop/BN31223.jpg",
"https://www.kotte-autographs.com/documents/Buchnummern/940/list_desktop/BN40560.jpg",
"https://www.kotte-autographs.com/documents/Buchnummern/15/list_desktop/BN15489.jpg",
"https://www.kotte-autographs.com/assets/images/logo-fedex.png",
"https://www.kotte-autographs.com/assets/images/logo-dhl.png",
"https://www.kotte-autographs.com/assets/images/memberships/aada.jpg",
"https://www.kotte-autographs.com/assets/images/memberships/dt-antiquare.gif",
"https://www.kotte-autographs.com/assets/images/memberships/ilab.gif",
"https://www.kotte-autographs.com/assets/images/memberships/pada.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Carmen Sylva"
] | null |
favicon.ico
| null |
Carmen Sylva
Queen of Romania, 1843-1916
"Elisabeth of Wied first met Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in Berlin in 1861. In 1869, Karl, who was now Prince Carol of Romania, traveled to Germany in search of a suitable consort. He was reunited with Elisabeth, and the two were married in 1869. Early distinguished by her excellence as a musician, and painter; but a lively poetic imagination led her to the path of literature, and more especially to poetry, folk-lore and ballads. She took on the literary name ""Carmen Sylva"" publishing her earliest poems""Sappho"" and ""Hammerstein"" which appeared at Leipzig in 1880. Several of the her works were written in collaboration with Mite Kremnitz, one of her maids of honor."
Source:
|
||||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 65
|
https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LHJ3-ZQ5/king-carol-i-of-romania-1839-1914
|
en
|
FamilySearch.org
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Discover your family history. Explore the world’s largest collection of free family trees, genealogy records and resources.
|
en
| null | |||||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 91
|
https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/romania/lost-kingdoms-kingdom-of-romania/
|
en
|
History of Royal Women
|
[
"https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/wp-content/uploads/moniekheader4-1.png",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.historyofroyalwomen.com/wp-content/uploads/600px-Flag_of_Romania.svg_.png?resize=600%2C381&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.historyofroyalwomen.com/wp-content/uploads/Queen_Elizabeth_of_Romania.jpg?resize=207%2C252&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.historyofroyalwomen.com/wp-content/uploads/Queen_Mary_of_Romania_2.jpg?resize=197%2C307&ssl=1",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/49d87a32a97a5b99f4b25d2be2d5ffb7?s=125&d=mm&r=g",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.historyofroyalwomen.com/wp-content/uploads/51nyKbxRy4L._SX328_BO1204203200_.jpg?resize=80%2C60&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.historyofroyalwomen.com/wp-content/uploads/Royal_Air_Force_Fighter_Command_1939-1945._CH1233.jpg?resize=80%2C60&ssl=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Moniek Bloks",
"www.facebook.com"
] |
2018-09-14T05:00:00+00:00
|
The Kingdom of Romania began its life in 1881 when Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was proclaimed King Carol I of Romania. He had been Domnitor (ruler) of Romania since 1866. In 1869, he married Princess Elisabeth of Wied, who was thus the first Queen of Romania. Their marriage was unhappy and their only child, a daughter named [read more]
|
en
|
History of Royal Women
|
https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/romania/lost-kingdoms-kingdom-of-romania/
|
The Kingdom of Romania began its life in 1881 when Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was proclaimed King Carol I of Romania. He had been Domnitor (ruler) of Romania since 1866. In 1869, he married Princess Elisabeth of Wied, who was thus the first Queen of Romania. Their marriage was unhappy and their only child, a daughter named Marie, died at the age of three. In any case, Marie would not have been able to succeed her father.
This left Carol’s elder brother Leopold next in line for the throne. In 1880, he renounced his rights in favour of his son William, who in turn renounced his rights in favour of his younger brother Ferdinand.
Upon Carol’s death in 1914, he was succeeded by his nephew, now King Ferdinand I of Romania. On 10 January 1893, Ferdinand married Princess Marie of Edinburgh, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. The marriage produced six children, though it is believed that the two youngest children were not fathered by Ferdinand. Upon his death in 1927, he was succeeded by his grandson Michael because his eldest son Carol had renounced his successions right in 1925. Carol had married Zizi Lambrino in 1918, but their marriage was annulled in 1919, though they continued to live together. Their illegitimate son was born in 1920. In 1921, Carol made a more suitable marriage to Princess Helen of Greece and Denmark, and they had one son together, the future King Michael. They were divorced in 1928.
The new King Michael I was just five years old, and the power was held by a regency council. The regency was unsuccessful and the young King was replaced in 1930 by his father, who now became King Carol II. Carol was deposed in 1940 and Michael returned to the throne. It was not to last, however, and the monarchy was abolished in 1947. The newly deposed monarch married Anne of Bourbon-Parma in 1948, but as this happened after the abolition of the monarchy, Marie of Edinburgh is considered to be the last Queen of Romania.
Michael and Anne had five daughters together, who according to the defunct last democratic royal Constitution of 1923 could not inherit the crown. On 30 December 2007, Michael designated his eldest daughter as heiress presumptive and requested that should the Romanian Parliament consider restoring the monarchy, the Salic law of succession not be reinstated, allowing for female succession. Michael died in 2017. Thus, the claim to the Romanian throne is disputed between Michael’s eldest daughter Margareta and Karl Friedrich, Prince of Hohenzollern, a male-line descendant of the first King of Romania’s brother, though the latter has stated that he has no interest in the Romanian throne.
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 67
|
https://garystockbridge617.getarchive.net/amp/media/carol-i-of-romania-and-his-family-b1dce4
|
en
|
Carol I of Romania and his family
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"PICRYL - Public Domain Media Search Engine"
] |
2022-07-17T20:23:29.996000+00:00
|
Download Image of Carol I of Romania and his family. Free for commercial use, no attribution required. King Carol I of Romania with his older brother Leopold - Prince of Hohenzollern, Ferdinand (Leopold's son) - heir to Romania's throne, and Queen Elisabeth, 1889. Dated: 1889. Topics: carol i of romania and queen elisabeth of romania, ferdinand i of romania, leopold prince of hohenzollern sigmaringen, romania
|
en
|
/favicon.png
|
https://garystockbridge617.getarchive.net/media/carol-i-of-romania-and-his-family-b1dce4
|
King Carol I of Romania with his older brother Leopold - Prince of Hohenzollern, Ferdinand (Leopold's son) - heir to Romania's throne, and Queen Elisabeth, 1889
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Romania
|
en
|
Elisabeth of Romania
|
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Elisabeta_a_Romaniei.jpg/220px-Elisabeta_a_Romaniei.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Marie_of_Romania_with_her_children.jpg/150px-Marie_of_Romania_with_her_children.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Crown_Princess_Marie_of_Romania_with_her_daughter_Elisabeth.jpg/150px-Crown_Princess_Marie_of_Romania_with_her_daughter_Elisabeth.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Georges_II_et_Elisabeth.jpg/200px-Georges_II_et_Elisabeth.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Iosif_Berman_-_Familia_Regal%C4%83.jpg/250px-Iosif_Berman_-_Familia_Regal%C4%83.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/HRH_Elizabeth_of_Romania%2C_HM_Queen_Marie_of_Romania%2C_HRH_Princess_Ileana_of_Romania%2C_HM_Queen_Maria_of_Yugoslavia.jpg/220px-HRH_Elizabeth_of_Romania%2C_HM_Queen_Marie_of_Romania%2C_HRH_Princess_Ileana_of_Romania%2C_HM_Queen_Maria_of_Yugoslavia.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Sigmaringen_Hedinger_Kirche_2.jpg/220px-Sigmaringen_Hedinger_Kirche_2.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Elisabeth_of_Romania.svg/187px-Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Elisabeth_of_Romania.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_Arms_of_Elisabeth_of_Romania.svg/229px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Elisabeth_of_Romania.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Elisabeth_of_Greece.svg/172px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Elisabeth_of_Greece.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Greece_%28accurate%29.svg/90px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Greece_%28accurate%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg/100px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
] |
2004-08-01T16:49:05+00:00
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Romania
|
Queen of Greece from 1922 to 1924
"Elizabeth of Greece" redirects here. For the granddaughter of George I, King of the Hellenes, see Princess Elizabeth of Greece and Denmark. For the queen consort of Carol I, King of Romania, see Elisabeth of Wied.
Elisabeth of Romania (Elisabeth Charlotte Josephine Alexandra Victoria) Romanian: Elisabeta, Greek: Ελισάβετ; 12 October 1894 – 14 November 1956) was the second child and eldest daughter of King Ferdinand I and Queen Marie of Romania. She was Queen of Greece from 27 September 1922 until 25 March 1924 as the wife of King George II.
Elisabeth was born when her parents were crown prince and crown princess of Romania. She was raised by her great-uncle and great-aunt, King Carol I and Queen Elisabeth. Princess Elisabeth was an introvert and socially isolated. She became crown princess of Greece when she married George in 1921, but she felt no passion for him and underwent the political turmoil in her adopted country after World War I. When her husband succeeded to the Greek throne in 1922, Elisabeth was involved in assisting refugees who arrived to Athens after the disaster of the Greco-Turkish War. The rise of the revolutionary climate, however, affected her health and with great relief she left the Kingdom of Greece with her husband in December 1923. The royal couple then settled in Bucharest, and George was deposed on 25 March 1924, upon the abolition of the Greek monarchy.
In Romania, Elisabeth and George's relationship deteriorated, and they divorced in 1935. Very close to her brother Carol II of Romania, the former queen amassed an important fortune, partly due to financial advice given by her lover, the banker Alexandru Scanavi. After the death of her mother in 1938 and the abdication of King Carol II in 1940, Elisabeth took up the role of First Lady of Romania. At the end of World War II, she established close links with the Romanian Communist Party and openly conspired against her nephew, the young King Michael I, earning the nickname of "Red Aunt" of the sovereign. However, her communist links did not prevent her from being expelled from the country when the Romanian People's Republic was proclaimed in 1947. Elisabeth moved to Switzerland and then to Cannes, in southern France. She had a romantic relationship with Marc Favrat, a would-be artist almost thirty years younger, whom she finally adopted just before her death in 1956.[1]
Early years
[edit]
Second child and first daughter of Crown Prince Ferdinand and Crown Princess Marie of Romania, Elisabeth (nicknamed Lisabetha or Lizzy by her family) was born on 12 October 1894 at Peleş Castle, Sinaia. Named after her paternal great-aunt, Queen Elisabeth of Wied, shortly after birth she was removed from her parents. With her older brother Prince Carol, she was raised by King Carol I and his wife.[4] In her memoirs, Marie described her eldest daughter as "a lovely solemn-faced child who had a strong sense of rectitude." Over the years, Elisabeth developed a cold character and a volatile temperament which socially isolated her. Considered "vulgar" by her mother, she was, however, considered a classic beauty.
Marriage
[edit]
An undesired engagement
[edit]
In 1911, Prince George of Greece, then second-in-line to the throne and his future wife's second cousin, met Elisabeth for the first time. After the Balkan Wars, during which Greece and Romania were allied, the Greek prince asked for the hand of Elisabeth, but, advised by her great-aunt, she declined the offer, saying that her suitor was too small and too English in his manners. Disdainful, the princess even said on the occasion, that "God began the prince but forgot to finish him" (1914).[7]
During World War I, Elisabeth was involved in helping wounded soldiers. She made daily visits to the hospitals and distributed cigarettes and comforting words to the victims of the fighting.[9]
In 1919, Elisabeth and her sisters Maria and Ileana accompanied their mother, now Queen Marie, to Paris at the Peace Conference. The sovereign hoped that during her stay there she could find suitable husbands for her daughters, especially Elisabeth, already aged twenty-five. After a few months in France, the Queen and her daughters decided to return to Romania in early 1920. On the way back, they made a brief stop in Switzerland, where they found the Greek royal family, who lived in exile since the deposition of King Constantine I during the Great War. Elisabeth then met again Prince George (now Diadochos and heir of the throne), who asked again her hand. Now more aware of her own imperfections (her mother described her as fat and of very limited intelligence), Elisabeth decided to accept the marriage. However, at that time the future of the Diadochos was far from certain: displaced from the throne with his father and replaced by his younger brother, now King Alexander I, George was forbidden to stay in his country, penniless and without any prospects.
Nevertheless, the engagement satisfied both Elisabeth and George's parents. Delighted to have finally found a husband for her eldest daughter, the Queen of Romania soon invited the prince to travel to Bucharest in order to publicly announce the engagement. George agreed but soon after his arrival in the country of his fiancée, he learned of the accidental death of Alexander I and the ensuing political turmoil that erupted in Greece.
Life in Greece
[edit]
Restoration of the Greek royal family. Wedding of George and Elisabeth
[edit]
On 5 December 1920 a referendum of disputed results[a] called the Greek royal family to return home. King Constantine I, Queen Sophia and Diadochos George therefore returned to Athens on 19 December. Their return was accompanied by a significant jubilation. A huge crowd surrounded the sovereign and the heir to the throne through the streets of the capital. Once at the palace, they appeared repeatedly on the balcony to greet the people who cheered them.[16]
Wedding
[edit]
However, a few weeks later George returned to Romania to marry Elisabeth. The wedding took place with great pomp in Bucharest on 27 February 1921.[17] Shortly after on March 10, Crown Prince Carol of Romania, Elisabeth's elder brother, married George's younger sister, Princess Helen of Greece. >[18]
Crown princess
[edit]
In Greece, Elisabeth had great difficulty integrating into the royal family, and her relationship with Queen Sophia was particularly awkward.[19] From an introverted temperament that could be mistaken as arrogance,[20][21] Elisabeth felt displaced by her in-laws, who regularly spoke in Greek in her presence, because she had not yet mastered the language.[22] Only King Constantine I and his sister, the Grand Duchess Maria Georgievna of Russia, found favor in her eyes.[21] Indeed, even the shy Diadochos disappointed his wife, who wanted to share with him a more passionate relationship.[24]
Regretting not having her own home and being forced to constantly live with her in-laws, Elisabeth spent the already little revenues of her husband into redecorating their apartments. In addition, her family delayed in paying her dowry and the savings that she left in Romania were soon lost because of the poor investments made by the manager of her fortune.[25]
Facing a very difficult political situation, due to the Greco-Turkish War, Elisabeth quickly understood that her space to maneuver was limited in her new country. However, she integrated the Red Cross, which was overwhelmed by the arrival of wounded coming from Anatolia.[21][26] The Crown Princess also occupied her free time practicing gardening, painting and drawing. She illustrated a book of poems written by the Belgian author Emile Verhaeren. She also liked writing and producing some new books of low value.[27] Finally, she spent long hours studying the Modern Greek, a language that was extremely hard for her to learn.[25]
Disappointed by the mediocrity of her daily routine, Elisabeth began to nourish jealousy for her sister Maria, married to King Alexander I of Yugoslavia, and her sister-in-law Helen of Greece, wife of her brother Crown Prince Carol of Romania.[28] With the war and the revolution, the everyday life of the Greek royal family was indeed increasingly difficult, and the pension received by the Diadochos George didn't allow her to buy the clothes and jewelry that she wanted.
Already strained by the war, the relations of the Diadochos and his wife were clouded by their inability to give an heir to the Kingdom of Greece. Elisabeth became pregnant a few months after her marriage, but she suffered a miscarriage during an official trip to Smyrna.[b] Deeply affected by her miscarriage, the crown princess became sick with typhoid soon followed by pleurisy and worsened by depression. She found refuge with her family in Bucharest, but despite the efforts of her mother and husband, neither Elisabeth's health nor her marriage fully recovered from the loss of her child.[31]
Queen of the Hellenes
[edit]
Meanwhile, the disaster of the Greco-Turkish War forced King Constantine I to abdicate, which pushed George on to the throne (27 September 1922). The new king, however, had no power, and he and his queen were unable to resolve the repression organized by revolutionaries who took power against the representatives of the old regime. The new royal couple saw with anguish the near execution of Prince Andrew (the king's uncle) at the Trial of the Six.[35]
Despite this difficult context, Elisabeth tried to make herself useful to her adopted country. To respond to the influx of refugees originating from Anatolia, the Queen had built shacks on the outskirts of Athens. To carry out her projects, she mobilized her family and asked her mother, Queen Marie, to send wood and other materials.[36]
However, Elisabeth found it increasingly difficult to cope with Greece and its revolutionary climate. Her love for George II was over, and her letters to her mother show how much she worried for her future.[36] Her correspondence also revealed that she had no desire to have children.[38]
After an attempted monarchist coup d'état in October 1923, the situation of the royal couple became even more precarious. On 19 December 1923 King George II and his wife were forced into exile by the revolutionary government. With Prince Paul (the king's brother and heir-presumptive to the throne), they then departed for Romania, where they learned of the proclamation of the Second Hellenic Republic on 25 March 1924.[41]
Return to Romania
[edit]
Queen in exile
[edit]
In Romania, George II and Elizabeth moved to Bucharest, where King Ferdinand I and Queen Marie gave to them a wing of Cotroceni Palace. After a few weeks, the couple moved to a modest villa in the Calea Victoriei. Regular guests of the Romanian sovereigns, the exiled Greek royal couple participated in court ceremonies. But despite the kindness shown by his mother-in-law, the exiled King of Greece in Bucharest felt aimless and barely concealed the boredom that he felt at the Romanian court.[43]
Unlike her husband, Elisabeth was delighted with her return to Romania. Her relationship with her mother was sometimes stormy, even if their literary collaborations were successful. In the mid 1920s, Elisabeth illustrated the latest work of her mother, The Country That I Love (1925).[c][44] The links with Crown Princess Helen of Romania (wife of Crown Prince Carol of Romania and sister of King George II of Greece) remained complicated due to the jealousy that the exiled Queen of the Hellenes still continued to feel against her sister-in-law.[45]
Exacerbated by the humiliations of exile, financial difficulties and the lack of offspring, the relations between George II and Elisabeth deteriorated. After initially alleviating her weariness with too much rich food and gambling, the former Queen of the Hellenes began a series of extramarital relationships with several married men. She even flirted with her brother-in-law King Alexander I of Yugoslavia when she visited her sister Queen Maria during an illness in Belgrade. Later, she entered into an affair with the banker of her husband, a Greek-Romanian named Alexandru Scanavi, who was appointed her chamberlain to cover up the scandal. However, Elisabeth was not the only one responsible for the failure of her marriage: over the years, George II spent less time with his wife and gradually settled his residence in the United Kingdom, where he also entered into an adulterous relationship.[48][49]
In May 1935, Elisabeth heard from a Greek diplomat that the Second Hellenic Republic was on the verge of collapse and that the restoration of the monarchy was imminent.[49] Frightened by this news, the exiled Queen of the Hellenes then launched divorce proceedings without informing her husband. Charged with "desertion from the family home", George II saw his marriage dissolved by a Bucharest court without being really invited to speak on the matter (6 July 1935).[48][49][50]
An ambitious princess
[edit]
After the death of King Ferdinand I in 1927, Romania began a period of great instability. After Crown Prince Carol renounced his rights to be able to live with his mistress Magda Lupescu, his son ascended to the throne as King Michael I under the direction of a Council of Regency. Nevertheless, a significant part of the population supported the rights of Carol, who finally managed to take the crown in 1930. Very close to her brother, Elisabeth actively supported his return to Romania. She kept him daily informed of the country's political life during his years of exile.
Once on the throne, Carol II maintained stormy relations with the members of his family but retained his confidence in Elisabeth, who was the only member of the royal family who accepted his mistress. Thanks to the inheritance received from her father,[57] the financial advice of her lover, the banker Alexandru Scanavi, and her good relations with her brother, the princess managed to live in great style in Romania.[59] In March 1935, she acquired the large domain of Banloc, near the border with Yugoslavia, a mansion in Sinaia and an elegant villa of Italian style, called Elisabeta Palace, located in the Șoseaua Kiseleff in Bucharest.
After the death of the Queen Mother Marie in 1938 and the deposition of Carol II in 1940, Elisabeth played the role of First Lady of Romania. Ambitiously, the princess had indeed no remorse to follow her brother's policy, even when she showed herself tyrannical with other members of the royal family. After the return to the throne of Michael I and the establishment of the dictatorship of Marshal Ion Antonescu, Elisabeth stayed out of politics.[61] However, from 1944, she forged links with the Romanian Communist Party and openly conspired against her nephew, who now considered her a spy.[62][63] In early 1947, she received in her domain of Banloc the Marshal Tito, who deposed another of her nephews, the young King Peter II of Yugoslavia.[64][65] Finally, through Alexandru Scanavi, the Princess participated in the financing of the guerrilla who fought against her former brother-in-law, the now King Paul I, in Greece.
However, Elisabeth wasn't the only member of the Romanian royal family who had friendly relations with the communists: her sister Ileana did the same in the hope of putting her eldest son, Archduke Stefan of Austria, on the throne. For these reasons, the two princesses then received the nickname of "Red Aunts" of King Michael I.[66]
Last years
[edit]
Despite her links with the Romanian Communist Party, Elisabeth was forced to leave the country after the proclamation of the Romanian People's Republic, on 30 December 1947. The new regime gave her three days to pack her belongings and the Elisabeta Palace was ransacked. However, before she went into exile, the princess had time to burn her archives in the domain of Banloc. On 12 January 1948 she left Romania with her sister Ileana aboard a special train provided by the Communists. The Scanavi family accompanied them, but both princesses lost much of their property after being expelled from the country.
Elisabeth settled firstly in Zürich and then in Cannes, at the Villa Rose Alba. In France, she met a handsome young seducer and would-be artist named Marc Favrat.[citation needed] Having fallen in love with the young man, the princess wished to marry him and asked her cousin, Frederick, Prince of Hohenzollern, to bestow a title on him, but Frederick refused.[1] The princess then decided to adopt her lover; which she did three months before her death. She died at her home on 14 November 1956.[69]
The body of the princess was transferred to the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen crypt, the Hedinger Kirche of Sigmaringen.[citation needed]
Archives
[edit]
Young Princess Elisabeth's letters to her grandfather, Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, are preserved in the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen family archive, which is in the State Archive of Sigmaringen (Staatsarchiv Sigmaringen) in the town of Sigmaringen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.[70]
Ancestry
[edit]
Arms and monogram
[edit]
Royal Monogram as Princess Elisabeth of Romania
Coat of Arms of Queen Elisabeth of Greece
Royal Monogram of Queen Elisabeth of Greece
Notes
[edit]
References
[edit]
Bibliography
[edit]
Mateos Sáinz de Medrano, Ricardo (2004). La familia de la reina Sofía : la dinastía griega, la Casa de Hannover y los reales primos de Europa (1. ed.). Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros. ISBN 84-9734-195-3. OCLC 55595158.
Gelardi, Julia P. (2006). Born to rule : granddaughters of Victoria, queens of Europe : Maud of Norway, Sophie of Greece, Alexandra of Russia, Marie of Romania, Victoria Eugenie of Spain. London: Review. ISBN 0-7553-1392-5.
Marcou, Lilly (2002). Le roi trahi : Carol II de Roumanie. Paris: Pygmalion/G. Watelet. ISBN 2-85704-743-6. OCLC 49567918.
Queen Marie of Romania, Însemnari zilnice, vol. 3, Editura Historia, 2006
Van der Kiste, John (1994). Kings of the Hellenes: The Greek Kings, 1863–1974. Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-2147-1.
Hannah Pakula, The Last Romantic: A Biography of Queen Marie of Roumania, Weidenfeld & Nicolson History, 1996 ISBN 1-85799-816-2
Prince of Greece, Michel; Palmer, Alan (1990). The Royal House of Greece. London: Weidenfeld Nicolson Illustrated. ISBN 0-297-83060-0. OCLC 59773890.
John Wimbles, Elisabeta of the Hellenes: Passionate Woman, Reluctant Queen - Part 1: Crown Princess, Royalty Digest, vol. 12#5, no 137, November 2002, pp. 136–144 ISSN 0967-5744
John Wimbles, Elisabeta of the Hellenes: Passionate Woman, Reluctant Queen - Part. 2: Crown Princess, Royalty Digest, vol. 12#6, no 138, December 2002, pp. 168–174 ISSN 0967-5744
John Wimbles, Elisabeta of the Hellenes: Passionate Woman, Reluctant Queen - Part. 3: Exile at Home 1924–1940, Royalty Digest, vol. 12#7, no 139, January 2003, pp. 200–205 ISSN 0967-5744
John Wimbles, Elisabeta of the Hellenes: Passionate Woman, Reluctant Queen - Part. 4: Treachery and Death , Royalty Digest, vol. 13#1, no 145, July 2003, pp. 13–16 ISSN 0967-5744
Ivor Porter, Michael of Romania: The King and the Country, Sutton Publishing Ltd, 2005 ISBN 0-7509-3847-1
Jean-Paul Besse, Ileana: l'archiduchesse voilée, Versailles, Via Romana, 2010 ISBN 978-2-916727-74-5
The Romanovs: The Final Chapter (Random House, 1995) by Robert K. Massie, pgs 210–212, 213, 217, and 218ISBN 0-394-58048-6 and ISBN 0-679-43572-7
Ileana, Princess of Romania. I Live Again. New York: Rinehart, 1952. First edition.
Lillian Hellman: A Life with Foxes and Scoundrels (2005), by Deborah Martinson, PhD. (Associate Professor and Chair of English Writing at Occidental College)
Elisabeta de România, prinţesa capricioasă care s-a retras la conacul din Banloc, article by Ștefan Both in Adevărul, 2013
Ileana of Romania Is Dead at 82; Princess Founded Convent in U.S., article by Eric Pace in The New York Times, 1991
|
||||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 88
|
https://henrypoole.com/individual/hm-queen-marie-romania/
|
en
|
HM Queen Marie of Romania
|
[
"https://henrypoole.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/popup.jpg",
"https://henrypoole.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Henry-Poole-Savile-Row-Tailors-Menu-Bespoke2-200x433.jpg",
"https://henrypoole.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Henry-Poole-Savile-Row-Tailors-Menu-Shop2-200x433.jpg",
"https://henrypoole.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Henry-Poole-Savile-Row-Tailors-Menu-Trunk-Shows-200x433.jpg",
"https://henrypoole.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Henry-Poole-Savile-Row-Tailors-Menu-Heritage-200x433.jpg",
"https://henrypoole.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/2014-07-09-11.25.12.jpg",
"https://henrypoole.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Franz_von_Lenbach_-_Portrait_of_Otto_Eduard_Leopold_von_Bismarck_-_Walters_371007_-_View_B.jpg",
"https://henrypoole.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/2802115477_b50cf202db.jpg",
"https://henrypoole.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/bram-stoker-7.jpg",
"https://henrypoole.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/0080a.jpg",
"https://henrypoole.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/DSC2100HENRY-POOLE-SHOOT_DEEP.jpg",
"https://henrypoole.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/popup.jpg",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=742826722847120&ev=PageView&noscript=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2014-07-29T18:20:08+00:00
|
In 1887 a trio of British royal princesses were recorded in the Henry Poole & Co measure book: Princesses Victoria, Alexandra and Marie of Edinburgh.
|
en
|
Henry Poole Savile Row
|
https://henrypoole.com/individual/hm-queen-marie-romania/
|
In 1887 a trio of British royal princesses were recorded in the Henry Poole & Co measure book: Princesses Victoria, Alexandra and Marie of Edinburgh. Their father, Prince Alfred Duke of Edinburgh, was Queen Victoria’s second son and their mother Grand Duchess Marie the daughter of Emperor Alexander II of Russia. The twelve-year old Princess Marie (1875-1938), for whom Poole’s made riding habits, was destined to become the last queen of Romania, a fearless wartime consort and the woman royal circles knew as mother-in-law of the Balkans.
The future King George V called the Edinburgh Princesses ‘the three dearests’ but it was the vivacious, exceptionally pretty Marie who was his favourite. Queen Victoria and the Duke of Edinburgh approved of the match that would have made Marie queen of England but the Duchess did not. The Russian Orthodox Church would not countenance a marriage between first cousins and the Duchess of Edinburgh rather despised her British family who did not give her the precedence she thought due to a Russian Grand Duchess.
The Duchess of Edinburgh chose Crown Prince Ferdinand of Romania as a suitable dynastic match for Princess Marie. ‘Nando’, reigning King Carol I’s nephew, was bookish, introspective and inclined towards intellectual pursuits. When she married him in 1891, Princess Marie was a flirtatious, mischievous sixteen-year old who danced with abandon and rode like a daredevil Hussar. The old Duke of Cambridge’s verdict was blunt: ‘It does seem too cruel a shame to cart that nice pretty girl off to semi-barbaric Romania and a man to the knowledge of all Europe desperately in love with another woman’.
The love in question was a lady-in-waiting to Prince Ferdinand’s mother Queen Elizabeth. King Carol had exiled both women before Princess Marie’s wedding. The new Crown Princess of Romania’s early years in the Royal Palace of Bucharest (the marble sarcophagus) were melancholy and lonely. King Carol was an autocrat and a tartar. His wife Queen Elizabeth (the poet queen known as Carmen Sylva) dabbled in the occult and had pretensions as an aesthete.
When an heir, Prince Carol, was born in 1893 he was taken away from Princess Marie who the King considered ‘too English, too free and easy, too frivolous, too fond of dress, of riding, of outdoor life, too outspoken, with not enough respect for conventions or etiquette’. Isolation and her husband’s infidelities led Princess Marie into the arms of Lieutenant Zizi Cantacuzene; the first of many amours.
Queen Victoria’s daughter the Empress Frederick read the situation correctly. ‘I think Missy of Romania is more to be pitied. The King is a great tyrant in his family and has crushed the independence in Ferdinand so that no one cares about him. His beautiful and gifted little wife, I fear, gets into scrapes and like a butterfly, instead of hovering over the flowers, burns her pretty wings by going rather near the fire’.
In 1896 the Crown Prince and Princess were released from the Royal Palace in Bucharest and given their own household Cotroceni. Princess Marie resolved to fashion Cotroceni to her own high-spirited, flamboyant taste. As Julia Geraldi writes in Born to Rule (2004) ‘Visitors gaped at the fantastic décor; intricate Byzantine artwork in gold evoking true Oriental splendour vied with the sleeker more modern lines of Art Nouveau in a riot of styles’.
Princess Marie did consider divorcing Frederick. Her mother the Duchess of Edinburgh spirited her away to Coburg where she bore a third daughter Maria (the future Queen of Yugoslavia) in 1900 who may or many not have been Crown Prince Ferdinand’s. He accepted the child and Princess Marie returned to Romania. As she wrote of the marriage, ‘it is such a shame that we had to waste so many years of our youth just to learn how to live together’.
In 1902 Princess Marie visited England to attend the coronation of King Edward VII. It was there that she met and formed an attachment with American heir Waldorf Astor. Though Astor would go on to marry England’s first sitting MP Nancy Astor, he remained devoted to Princess Marie. Princess Marie described her lot in a letter to Lady Astor (who called her ‘the lunatic Princess): ‘we solitary royalties have a heart like other human beings and need love and affection like others, but we seldom get it as we are supposed to be happy enough in our so cold grandeur’.
Princess Marie’s epiphany came after the peasant uprising of 1907 that shook King Carol’s throne. She formed an attachment to Prince Barbo Stirbey (who bore a striking resemblance to Waldorf Astor) who schooled Princess Marie in Balkan politics and began to prepare her for the throne telling King Carol ‘it is essential not to break her will. If we can persuade her to take herself and her duties more seriously, her natural intelligence will do the rest’.
Princess Marie showed her metal during the Second Balkan War (1913) when she served as a field nurse ministering to an army plagued by a cholera epidemic. Of this experience, she declared ‘I am a changed person’. Facing the horrors of war prepared her for the German invasion of Romania in the later stages of the First World War. King Carol and Prince Ferdinand were scions of the Hohenzollern (German) dynasty and Queen Elizabeth declared herself ‘a daughter of the Rhine’. But the Romanian government refused to countenance a German alliance.
Prince Barbo Stirbey broke the news of King Carol’s death in 1914 to the new Queen Marie of Romania. Her response was magnificent: ‘I knew that I had won, that the stranger, the girl who had come from over the seas, was a stranger no more. I was theirs with every drop of my blood’. It was she who persuaded King Ferdinand to fight with the Allies in 1916. Her opposition to the Treaty of Bucharest earned her the moniker ‘truly the only man in Romania’.
When the Germans bombed Bucharest, Queen Marie was forced to flee and resumed her duties as a nurse on the front line earning her the love of the Romanian people. ‘The queen is our mascot’, a serviceman declared, ‘her presence immunises us better than all the vaccines’. At the height of hostilities, German forces occupied three quarters of Romania. The American Ambassador believed ‘there is no doubt in my mind that if she could have led the soldiers, the Romanian army would have been unconquerable’. Queen Marie privately told her cousin King George V ‘my English blood refuses to accept disaster’.
On Armistice Day in 1918 Queen Marie was awarded the Croix de Guerre by the French Ambassador. She sallied forth to attend the Paris Peace Conference and signed the treaty that united Romania and Transylvania. Her mother the Duchess of Edinburgh said of Queen Marie ‘by her charm, beauty and ready wit (she) could obtain anything she desired’.
Romania’s Achilles heel was Queen Marie’s eldest son Crown Prince Carol. In 1918 he abandoned his military post and eloped with a commoner Zizi Lambrino. Their marriage was annulled a year later. In 1921 Prince Carol bowed to his parents’ wishes and married Princess Helen of Greece & Denmark. Though they had a son, Michael, the marriage broke down when Prince Carol began an affair with divorcee Elena ‘Magda’ Lupescu. He renounced his right to the throne in 1925 suggesting to Queen Marie that it be announced he had drown in Lake Maggiore.
King Ferdinand and Queen Marie’s Transylvanian coronation in 1922, expertly stage managed and modelled on medieval rites and costume, dazzled the world. Within five years, King Ferdinand died shortly after Queen Marie had returned from a triumphant tour of the United States. Their grandson Michael was proclaimed king under a Regency council but the reign of a boy king in the volatile Balkans was doomed. Prince Carol made a triumphal entrance into Bucharest in 1930 and revoked the act of succession proclaiming himself King Carol II of Romania.
King Carol’s revenge on his family was calculated to cause maximum damage. His former wife Princess Helen was put under house arrest and Michael removed from her. Prince Stirbey was exiled from Romania and Magda Lupescu installed in the Royal Palace. Dowager Queen Marie was starved of finances, forced to live in a reduced household and surrounded by her son’s spies.
Queen Marie had begun writing her first memoir The Story of My Life in 1929. Her verdict on King Carol II was withering. ‘He wasted and smashed up and tore up by the roots. He worthlessly set aside, changed, persecuted and humiliated those who had worked before him. Out of jealousy he set his family aside, hurt their feelings, sacrificed them to a horrible set of low adventurers who had grouped around him’.
Queen Marie lived to see the Anschluss of Austria and Germany and died of liver failure in 1938. She was accorded a State Funeral by King Carol II whose popularity was waning and in a valedictory letter to her people wrote ‘I became yours through joy and sorrow, And now, I bid you a fond farewell forever…remember my people that I loved you and that I bless you with my last breath’.
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 32
|
https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania
|
en
|
Carol I of Romania
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ucp-internal-test-starter-commons/images/a/aa/FandomFireLogo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210713142711
|
https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ucp-internal-test-starter-commons/images/a/aa/FandomFireLogo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210713142711
|
[
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Carol_I_King_of_Romania.jpg/230px-Carol_I_King_of_Romania.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Carol_of_Romania_-_signature.png/128px-Carol_of_Romania_-_signature.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Royal_monogram_of_Carol_I_of_Romania.svg/50px-Royal_monogram_of_Carol_I_of_Romania.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Prinz_Karl_im_sechsten_Lebensalter_1845.jpg/130px-Prinz_Karl_im_sechsten_Lebensalter_1845.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Prinz_Karl_im_sechsten_Lebensalter_1845.jpg/130px-Prinz_Karl_im_sechsten_Lebensalter_1845.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Prince_Karl_of_Hohenzollern_Sigmaringen.jpg/130px-Prince_Karl_of_Hohenzollern_Sigmaringen.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Prince_Karl_of_Hohenzollern_Sigmaringen.jpg/130px-Prince_Karl_of_Hohenzollern_Sigmaringen.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Stamp_1933_Turnu_Severin_1_leu.jpg/180px-Stamp_1933_Turnu_Severin_1_leu.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Stamp_1933_Turnu_Severin_1_leu.jpg/180px-Stamp_1933_Turnu_Severin_1_leu.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Carol_I%2C_Elisabeta_and_Maria.jpg/180px-Carol_I%2C_Elisabeta_and_Maria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Carol_I%2C_Elisabeta_and_Maria.jpg/180px-Carol_I%2C_Elisabeta_and_Maria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/King_Carol_I_of_Romania_with_his_nephew_and_great_nephew.jpg/180px-King_Carol_I_of_Romania_with_his_nephew_and_great_nephew.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/King_Carol_I_of_Romania_with_his_nephew_and_great_nephew.jpg/180px-King_Carol_I_of_Romania_with_his_nephew_and_great_nephew.jpg",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/military/images/b/bb/Commons-Logo.svg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/30?cb=20131022191840",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ff185fe4-8356-4b6b-ad48-621b95a82a1d",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f3fc9271-3d5e-4c73-9afc-e6a9f6154ff1",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/464fc70a-5090-490b-b47e-0759e89c263f",
"https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f7bb9d33-4f9a-4faa-88fe-2a0bd8138668"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Military Wiki"
] |
2024-07-29T22:27:06+00:00
|
Carol I (20 April 1839 – 27 September (O.S.) / 10 October (N.S.) 1914), born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was the ruler of Romania from 1866 to 1914. He was elected Ruling Prince (Domnitor) of the Romanian United Principalities on 20 April 1866 after the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan...
|
en
|
/skins-ucp/mw139/common/favicon.ico
|
Military Wiki
|
https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania
|
"Carol I" redirects here. For the 2009 film, see Carol I (film).
Carol I (20 April 1839 – 27 September (O.S.) / 10 October (N.S.) 1914), born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was the ruler of Romania from 1866 to 1914. He was elected Ruling Prince (Domnitor) of the Romanian United Principalities on 20 April 1866 after the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan Cuza by a palace coup. After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire (1878) in the Russo-Turkish War, he declared Romania a sovereign nation (the country had been under the nominal suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire until then). He was proclaimed King of Romania on 26 March [O.S. 14 March] 1881. He was the first ruler of the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen dynasty, which ruled the country until the proclamation of a republic in 1947.
During his reign, Carol I personally led Romanian troops during the Russo-Turkish War and assumed command of the Russo/Romanian army during the siege of Plevna. The country achieved full independence from the Ottoman Empire (Treaty of Berlin, 1878) and acquired the Cadrilater from Bulgaria in 1913. Domestic political life, still dominated by the country's wealthy landowning families organized around the rival Liberal and Conservative parties, was punctuated by two widespread peasant uprisings, in Wallachia (the southern half of the country) in April 1888 and in Moldavia (the northern half) in March 1907.
He married Elisabeth of Wied in Neuwied on 15 November 1869. They only had one daughter, Maria, who died at the age of three.
Carol never produced a male heir, leaving his elder brother Leopold next in line to the throne. In October 1880 Leopold renounced his right of succession in favour of his son William, who in turn surrendered his claim six years later in favour of his younger brother, the future king Ferdinand.
Early life[]
Prince Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was born in Sigmaringen, the second son of Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and his wife, Princess Josephine of Baden. After finishing his elementary studies, Karl entered the Cadet School in Münster. In 1857 he was attending the courses of the Artillery School in Berlin. Up to 1866, when he accepted the crown of Romania, he was a Prussian officer. He took part in the Second Schleswig War, including the assault of the Fredericia citadel and Dybbøl, an experience which would be very useful to him later in the Russo-Turkish war.
Although he was quite frail and not very tall, prince Karl was reported to be the perfect soldier, healthy and disciplined, and also a very good politician with liberal ideas. He was familiar with several European languages. His family being closely related to the Bonaparte family (one of his grandmothers was a Beauharnais, Joséphine's niece-in-law, and the other a Murat, Joachim's niece Marie Antoinette Murat), they enjoyed very good relations with Napoleon III of France. Romania was at the time under the influence of French culture, and Napoleon's recommendation of Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen weighed heavily with Romanian politicians of the time, as did his blood relation to the ruling Prussian family. Ion Brătianu was the Romanian politician who was sent to negotiate with Karl and his family the possibility of installing him on the Romanian throne.
On the way to Romania[]
The former Romanian ruler, Alexandru Ioan Cuza, had been expelled from the country by the leading noblemen and Romania was in a political chaos. Cuza's double election, both in Wallachia and in Moldavia) had been the basis on which the Romanian Principalities' unification was recognized by the European powers. With him gone, the country was in danger of disintegration.
Due to the political conflict between Prussia and the Austrian Empire, Karl travelled incognito by railroad from Düsseldorf to Budapest, under the name of Karl Hettingen. From Budapest he travelled by carriage, as there was no railroad to Romania. As he crossed the border onto Romanian soil, he was met by Brătianu, who bowed before him and asked Karl to join him in his carriage.
On 10 May 1866 (22 May 1866 N.S.), Karl entered Bucharest. The news of his arrival had been transmitted by telegraph and he was welcomed by a huge crowd eager to see the new ruler. In Băneasa he was given the keys to the capital city. Eventually it was a rainy day after a long period of drought, apparently a very favorable sign. As he was crowned, Karl swore this oath: "I swear to guard the laws of Romania, to maintain the rights of its People and the integrity of its territory." He spoke in French, as he did not speak Romanian. However, he endeared himself to his adopted country by adopting the Romanian spelling of his name, Carol.
The Constitution[]
Immediately after arriving in the country, the Romanian parliament adopted, on 29 June 1866, the 1866 Constitution of Romania, one of the most advanced constitutions in that time. This constitution allowed the development and modernization of the Romanian state. In a daring move, the Constitution chose to ignore the nominal suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, which paved the way towards a full independence.
Article 82 stated that "The ruler's powers are hereditary, starting directly from His Majesty, prince Carol I of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, on the male line through the right of first-born, with the exclusion of women and their issue. His Majesty's descendants will be raised in the Eastern Orthodox Religion."
In 1877, Romania was proclaimed independent, making Carol fully sovereign over Romania. From 1878, Carol held the title of Royal Highness (Alteță Regală). On 15 March 1881, the constitution was amended to proclaim Romania a kingdom. Carol became the first king, while the heir would be called Prince Royal. On 10 May, Carol was crowned king.
(The basic idea of all the royalist constitutions in Romania was that the king reigned, but did not rule.)
A devoted King[]
King Carol was reported to be a cold person. He was permanently concerned with the prestige of the dynasty he had founded. His wife, Elizabeth, claimed he 'wore the crown in his sleep'. He was very meticulous and he tried to impose his style upon everyone that surrounded him. Though he was devoted to his job as a Romanian prince and king, he never forgot his German roots.
In 48 years of rule—far and away the longest in Romanian history—he helped Romania gain its independence, he raised its prestige, he helped redress its economy and he established a dynasty. In the Carpathian mountains, he built Peleş Castle, still one of Romania's most visited touristic attractions. The castle was built in German style, as a reminder of the king's origin. After the Russo-Turkish war, Romania gained Dobrogea and Carol ordered the first bridge over the Danube, between Fetești and Cernavodă, linking the newly acquired province to the rest of the country.
As a member of the German higher landed aristocracy (Fürst), Carol never managed to follow the much-needed liberal and poor-friendly policies initiated by his predecessor, Alexandru Ioan Cuza. Left unsolved, the grave social problems caused by the inequity of land ownership, ignited peasant uprisings throughout the reign of Carol I. The peasant class was suppressed during 1907 revolt, at the cost of 10,000 lives.[1][2] Being under the influence of local landlords, the king failed to put together a sound administration, as envisioned by Prince Cuza.[3][4]
The end of the reign[]
The long rule of Carol helped the quick development of the Romanian state. But, towards the end of his reign and the start of the World War I, Carol wanted to enter the war on the side of the Central Powers. However, Romanian public opinion was overwhelmingly Francophile and sided with the Triple Entente. Carol had signed a secret treaty in 1883 which had linked Romania with the Triple Alliance (1882). Although the treaty was to be activated only if Russia attacked one of the signatories, Carol was convinced that the honourable thing to do was to enter the war supporting the German Empire and his cousin, Emperor William II.
In 3 August [O.S. 21 July] 1914, an emergency meeting was held with the Crown Council, where Carol told them about the secret treaty and shared his opinion with them. However, most of the Crown Council members strongly disagreed, opting for neutrality. King Carol died in 10 October [O.S. 27 September] 1914. The future King Ferdinand, under the influence of his wife, Marie of Edinburgh, a British princess, was more willing to listen to public opinion.
Life and family[]
When he was elected prince of Romania, Carol was unmarried. In 1869, the prince started a trip around Europe and mainly Germany, to find a bride. During this trip he met and married Princess Elizabeth of Wied at Neuwied on 15 November 1869. Their marriage was one of the most unfit matches in history, with Carol being a cold and calculated man while Elizabeth was a notorious dreamer. They had one child, Princess Maria, born in 1871, who died on the 24th of March 1874. She had no prospect of inheriting her father's throne; as mentioned above the Constitution limited succession to the male line. This led to the further estrangement of the royal couple, Elizabeth never completely recovering from the trauma of losing her only child.
After the proclamation of the Kingdom (1881), the succession was a very important matter of state. Since Carol's brother, Leopold, and his oldest son, William, declined their rights, the second son of Leopold, Ferdinand, was named prince of Romania and heir-presumptive to the throne. Towards the end of Carol's life, though, Carol and Elizabeth finally found a way to understand each other and were reported to have become good friends.
Ancestors[]
8. Anton Aloys, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 4. Charles, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 9. Amalie Zephyrine of Salm-Kyrburg 2. Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 10. Peter Murat 5. Marie Antoinette Murat 11. Louise d'Astorg 1. Carol I of Romania 12. Karl Ludwig, Hereditary Prince of Baden 6. Karl, Grand Duke of Baden 13. Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt 3. Josephine of Baden 14. Claude de Beauharnais, comte of Les Roches-Baritaud 7. Stéphanie de Beauharnais 15. Claude Françoise de Lezay
See also[]
Commissions of the Danube River
Sources[]
Boris Crǎciun – "Regii şi Reginele României", Editura Porţile Orientului, Iaşi
Notes[]
[]
Online edition of Carol's 1899 book Reminiscences of the King of Roumania
|
||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 49
|
https://www.flickr.com/photos/123916455%40N02/14827412285
|
en
|
Elisabeth of Wied, Queen of Romania
|
[
"https://live.staticflickr.com/2938/14827412285_ceba586e42.jpg",
"https://live.staticflickr.com/2938/14827412285_ceba586e42.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Flickr",
"Strings of Pearl's",
"Strings of Pearl's"
] |
2024-08-21T18:37:20.969000+00:00
|
Born Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise zu Wied in 1843, she was the Queen of Romania as the wife consort of King Carol I. She was the daughter of Hermann, Prince of Wied, and his wife Princess Marie of Nassau.
As a young girl, sixteen-year-old Elisabeth was considered as a possible bride for Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (the future Edward VII of the United Kingdom).
In 1869 she married Prince Carol of Romania. Their only child, a daughter, Maria, died in 1874 at age three — an event from which Elisabeth never recovered. She was crowned Queen of Romania in 1881 after Romania was proclaimed a kingdom.
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 she devoted herself to the care of the wounded, and founded the Order of Elizabeth (a gold cross on a blue ribbon) to reward distinguished service in such work. She fostered the higher education of women in Romania, and established societies for various charitable objects.
In 1881, due to the lack of heirs to the Romanian throne, King Carol I adopted his nephew, Ferdinand. Ferdinand, became very close to one of Elisabeth's ladies in waiting Elena Văcărescu. Elisabeth, very close to Elena herself, encouraged the romance even though she knew nothing could come of it.
The result was Elisabeth was exiled to Neuwied, Germany.
According to notes she made in her diary, Elisabeth was more in favour of a Republican form of government than a monarchy.
Elisabeth died at Curtea de Argeș in 1916.
|
en
|
https://combo.staticflickr.com/pw/favicon.ico
|
Flickr
|
https://www.flickr.com/photos/123916455@N02/14827412285
|
Born Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise zu Wied in 1843, she was the Queen of Romania as the wife consort of King Carol I. She was the daughter of Hermann, Prince of Wied, and his wife Princess Marie of Nassau.
As a young girl, sixteen-year-old Elisabeth was considered as a possible bride for Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (the future Edward VII of the United Kingdom).
In 1869 she married Prince Carol of Romania. Their only child, a daughter, Maria, died in 1874 at age three — an event from which Elisabeth never recovered. She was crowned Queen of Romania in 1881 after Romania was proclaimed a kingdom.
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 she devoted herself to the care of the wounded, and founded the Order of Elizabeth (a gold cross on a blue ribbon) to reward distinguished service in such work. She fostered the higher education of women in Romania, and established societies for various charitable objects.
In 1881, due to the lack of heirs to the Romanian throne, King Carol I adopted his nephew, Ferdinand. Ferdinand, became very close to one of Elisabeth's ladies in waiting Elena Văcărescu. Elisabeth, very close to Elena herself, encouraged the romance even though she knew nothing could come of it.
The result was Elisabeth was exiled to Neuwied, Germany.
According to notes she made in her diary, Elisabeth was more in favour of a Republican form of government than a monarchy.
Elisabeth died at Curtea de Argeș in 1916.
|
||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 50
|
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/270919733811596838/
|
en
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2015-10-07T15:08:14+00:00
|
Discover (and save!) your own Pins on Pinterest.
|
en
|
Pinterest
|
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/elisabeth-of-wied--642185228113404652/
| |||||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 11
|
https://www.instagram.com/historicalroyals/p/CrmTSUSICpP/
|
en
|
Instagram
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
| null | ||||||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 13
|
https://royal.myorigins.org/p/Princess_Elisabeth_of_Wied/
|
en
|
Princess Elisabeth of Wied, Queen consort of Romania
|
[
"https://royal.myorigins.org/_System/logos/home.png",
"https://royal.myorigins.org/_System/logos/names.png",
"https://royal.myorigins.org/_System/logos/calendar.png",
"https://royal.myorigins.org/_System/logos/timeline.png",
"https://royal.myorigins.org/_System/logos/relate.png",
"https://royal.myorigins.org/_System/logos/help.png",
"https://royal.myorigins.org/_System/logos/deutsch.png",
"https://royal.myorigins.org/_System/logos/email.png",
"https://royal.myorigins.org/pics/Princess_Elisabeth_of_Wied_ca1870.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Eric Plum"
] | null |
en
|
/favicon.ico
| null |
Birth29.12.1843 in Schloss Monrepos, NeuwiedDeath2.3.1916 (72 years)FatherPrince Hermann of WiedMotherPrincess Marie of Nassau MarriageKing Carol I of Romania
Wedding: 15.11.1869 in NeuwiedChildrenPrincess Maria of Romania
|
||||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania
|
en
|
Carol I of Romania
|
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Carol_I_of_Romania_edited.jpg/220px-Carol_I_of_Romania_edited.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Carol_of_Romania_-_signature.png/125px-Carol_of_Romania_-_signature.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Prinz_Karl_im_sechsten_Lebensalter_1845.jpg/130px-Prinz_Karl_im_sechsten_Lebensalter_1845.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Prince_Karl_of_Hohenzollern_Sigmaringen.jpg/130px-Prince_Karl_of_Hohenzollern_Sigmaringen.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Stamp_1933_Turnu_Severin_1_leu.jpg/220px-Stamp_1933_Turnu_Severin_1_leu.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/1866PRINCIPAT.png/220px-1866PRINCIPAT.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/5_lei_Carol_I_-_1881.png/300px-5_lei_Carol_I_-_1881.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/CuzaGhimpele1872.PNG/220px-CuzaGhimpele1872.PNG",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/K%C3%A4rtchen_zur_Schlacht_bei_Plewna_%2811._%26_12.09.1877%29.jpg/220px-K%C3%A4rtchen_zur_Schlacht_bei_Plewna_%2811._%26_12.09.1877%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Franz_Mandy_-_Intoarcerea_victorioasa_in_Bucuresti_a_armatei_romane_de_pe_frontul_din_Bulgaria.jpg/220px-Franz_Mandy_-_Intoarcerea_victorioasa_in_Bucuresti_a_armatei_romane_de_pe_frontul_din_Bulgaria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/1878PRINCIPAT.png/220px-1878PRINCIPAT.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Podul_Regele_Carol_I.jpg/220px-Podul_Regele_Carol_I.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Carol_I%2C_Elisabeta_and_Maria.jpg/220px-Carol_I%2C_Elisabeta_and_Maria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/King_Carol_I_of_Romania_with_his_nephew_and_great_nephew.jpg/220px-King_Carol_I_of_Romania_with_his_nephew_and_great_nephew.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Dvorecot_na_Carol_I_vo_Sinaja%2C_1907.jpg/220px-Dvorecot_na_Carol_I_vo_Sinaja%2C_1907.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Royal_monogram_of_Carol_I_of_Romania.svg/80px-Royal_monogram_of_Carol_I_of_Romania.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Hohenzollern-Hechingen_and_Sigmaringen.png/23px-Flag_of_Hohenzollern-Hechingen_and_Sigmaringen.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_I_and_Ferdinand_I_of_Romania_%28Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece%29.svg/220px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_I_and_Ferdinand_I_of_Romania_%28Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_Herzogtum_Anhalt.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Anhalt.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Brazil_%281822%E2%80%931870%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flagge_Herzogtum_Braunschweig.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Braunschweig.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Saxe-Altenburg_%281893-1918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saxe-Altenburg_%281893-1918%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281826-1911%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_France_%281794%E2%80%931815%2C_1830%E2%80%931974%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_France_%281794%E2%80%931815%2C_1830%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg/23px-State_Flag_of_Greece_%281863-1924_and_1935-1973%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/19px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg/23px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/19px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flagge_Herzogtum_Nassau_%281806-1866%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Nassau_%281806-1866%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Flagge_Herzogtum_Oldenburg.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Oldenburg.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Early_20th_Century_Qajar_Flag.svg/20px-Early_20th_Century_Qajar_Flag.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Romanov_Monarchy.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg/23px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281835%E2%80%931882%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg/23px-Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg/21px-Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/23px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
] |
2002-02-01T13:29:30+00:00
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania
|
Monarch of Romania from 1866 to 1914
"Carol I" redirects here. For the 2009 film, see Carol I (film).
Carol I or Charles I of Romania (born Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen; 20 April 1839 – 10 October [O.S. 27 September] 1914), was the monarch of Romania from 1866 to his death in 1914, ruling as Prince (Domnitor) from 1866 to 1881, and as King from 1881 to 1914. He was elected Prince of the Romanian United Principalities on 20 April 1866 after the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan Cuza by a palace coup d'état. In May 1877, Romania was proclaimed an independent and sovereign nation. The defeat of the Ottoman Empire (1878) in the Russo-Turkish War secured Romanian independence, and he was proclaimed King on 26 March [O.S. 14 March] 1881. He was the first ruler of the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen dynasty, which ruled the country until the proclamation of a socialist republic in 1947.
During his reign, Carol I personally led Romanian troops during the Russo-Turkish War and assumed command of the Russo/Romanian army during the siege of Plevna. The country achieved internationally recognized independence via the Treaty of Berlin, 1878 and acquired Southern Dobruja from Bulgaria in 1913. In 1883 the king entered a top-secret military alliance with the Austro-Hungarian Empire, despite popular demands against Hungary. When World War I broke out he was unable to activate the alliance. Romania remained neutral and in 1916 joined the Allies.
Domestic political life was organized around the rival Liberal and Conservative parties. During Carol's reign, Romania's industry and infrastructure were much improved, however this process also resulted in major scandals, including the Strousberg Affair which personally implicated Carol. Overall, the country still had an agrarian-focused economy and the situation of the peasantry failed to improve, leading to a major revolt in 1907, bloodily suppressed by the authorities.
He married Princess Elisabeth of Wied on 15 November 1869. They only had one daughter, Maria, who died at the age of four. Carol never produced a male heir, leaving his elder brother Leopold next in line to the throne. In October 1880 Leopold renounced his right of succession in favour of his son William, who in turn surrendered his claim six years later in favour of his younger brother, the future King Ferdinand.
Early life
[edit]
Prince Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was born on 20 April 1839 in Sigmaringen, in the Catholic branch of the family.[1] He was the second son of Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and his wife, Princess Josephine of Baden.[2] After finishing his elementary studies, Karl entered the Cadet School in Münster. In 1857 he was attending the courses of the Artillery School in Berlin.[3] Up to 1866, when he accepted the crown of Romania, he was a Prussian officer.[4] He took part in the Second Schleswig War, including the assault of the Fredericia citadel and Dybbøl, an experience which would be very useful to him later in the Russo-Turkish war.[5]
Although he was quite frail and not very tall, prince Karl was reported to be the perfect soldier, healthy and disciplined, and also a very good politician with liberal ideas. He was familiar with several European languages.[3] His family was closely related to the Bonaparte family (one of his grandmothers was a Beauharnais, Joséphine's niece-in-law, and the other a Murat, Joachim's niece Marie Antoinette Murat), and they enjoyed very good relations with Napoleon III of France.[2]
En route to Romania
[edit]
The former Domnitor (ruling prince) of united Romania, Alexandru Ioan Cuza, had been expelled from the country by the leading noblemen, leaving Romania in political chaos. Cuza's double election seven years earlier, both in Wallachia and in Moldavia, had been the basis on which the Romanian Principalities' unification was recognized by the European powers. With him gone, the country was in danger of disintegration, as the Ottoman Empire and other powers initially accepted the unification only on the condition that it would end with his reign.[6][7]
As Romanian politicians searched for a successor, Karl was not their first choice. The authors of the anti-Cuza coup first approached Philip of Flanders, brother of king Leopold II of Belgium, hoping that he would bring the institutions of his country to the Lower Danube and turn the newly unified country into a "Belgium of the East".[8][9] Wary of France's oppositions, Philip, who also turned down the throne of Greece a few years earlier, refused.[10]
Soon after, Napoleon III suggested Karl, who was the brother in law of Philip. Napoleon's recommendation weighed heavily with Romanian politicians of the time, since Romania was strongly influenced by French culture. Napoleon was a strong supporter of Romanian independence, hoping to consolidate French influence on the Black Sea.[11][12] Another factor was Karl's blood relation to the ruling Prussian family. Ion Brătianu was the Romanian politician sent to negotiate with Karl and his family the possibility of installing him on the Romanian throne.[13]
Due to the political conflict between Prussia and the Austrian Empire, Karl travelled incognito by railroad from Düsseldorf to Baziaș, through Switzerland. He received there a Swiss passport from a Swiss public clerk, friend of his family, under the name of Karl Hettingen.[1][14] From Baziaș he travelled by boat to Turnu Severin, since there was no railroad to Romania. As he crossed the border onto Romanian soil, he was met by Brătianu, who bowed before him and asked Karl to join him in his carriage.[15] He was formally elected Domnitor on 20 April.
On 10 May 1866 (22 May 1866 N.S.), Karl entered the capital of Bucharest. The news of his arrival had been transmitted by telegraph and he was welcomed by a huge crowd eager to see the new ruler. In Băneasa he was given the keys to the capital city. It was a rainy day after a long period of drought, which was taken to be a good omen by locals.[16] As he was crowned, Karl swore this oath: "I swear to guard the laws of Romania, to maintain the rights of its People and the integrity of its territory." He took this oath in French, as he did not yet speak Romanian.[15][17] In fact, it is said that, before his nomination as Domnitor, he had never heard of Romania.[18] However, he endeared himself to his adopted country by adopting the Romanian spelling of his name, Carol. He learned to speak Romanian not long after that.[17]
Early reign
[edit]
The Constitution of 1866
[edit]
On 29 June – two months after Carol's arrival – the Romanian parliament adopted the 1866 Constitution of Romania, one of the most modern constitutions of its time. Carol signed it into law two days later. Modeled closely on the Constitution of Belgium, it guaranteed private propriety, freedom of speech, total freedom of the press, it abolished the death penalty during peace time, and established separation of powers.[20][21] Despite the otherwise liberal nature of the act, the constitution barred non-Christians from becoming citizens, a measure which heavily affected the country's Jewish population[5][22][23]
This constitution allowed the development and modernization of the Romanian state. In a daring move, the Constitution chose to ignore the nominal suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, which paved the way towards de jure independence.[22]
Article 82 made the throne a hereditary office of Carol's descendants "on the male line through the right of first-born, perpetually excluding women and their descendants."[24] It also required that Carol's descendants be "raised in the Eastern Orthodox Religion."[23][25] Although Carol was vested with executive power, he was not politically responsible for exercising it. His acts were only valid if they were countersigned by a minister, who then became responsible for the act in question. Nevertheless, he commanded great moral authority as a symbol of the nation and its unity.[26]
Franco-Prussian War and the Republic of Ploiești
[edit]
While Romania did not take part in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, the conflict nonetheless affected the early reign of Carol I. Since he was a German prince ruling a historically Francophile country, there was a strong feeling of distrust towards Carol during the time, who was not yet seen as Romanian.[4][27][28] Several attempts to force the prince to abdicate took place around this time, usually led by the republicans and radical liberals led by Ion C. Brătianu and C. A. Rosetti.[29][30] Carol's alliance with the Conservatives which effectively blocked the Liberals out of government did little to quell Liberal animosity towards the prince.[31]
The most well known such incident took place on 8 August 1870, when radical liberals in the city of Ploiești started a revolt and attempted coup by arresting the chief of police and the county Prefect, occupying several official buildings and proclaiming the so-called Republic of Ploiești. The revolt lasted less than 24 hours and lead to the arrest of many Liberal leaders.[27][31]
Future republican projects were rare, especially since Brătianu became prime minister in 1876 and helped Liberals hold power until 1889, becoming loyal supporters of King Carol.[31][32]
War of independence (1877–1878)
[edit]
Background
[edit]
Between 1875 and 1877 anti-Ottoman revolts took place in several Balkan countries, most notably Bulgaria, where the April Uprisings of 1876 were brutally suppressed by irregular bashi-bazouks. The international outrage at the Bulgarian massacre – particularly on the part of Russia, who saw itself as a protector of Orthodox Christians in general and Bulgarians in particular – triggered several diplomatic efforts over the next year. After the failure of these diplomatic attempts, Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 24 April 1877, launching the Russo-Turkish War, which is known in Romanian historiography as the War of Independence.[27][33]
At the behest of then foreign minister Mihail Kogălniceanu and against the advice of his Crown Council, Carol decided to permit Russian troops to pass through its territory on the way to Bulgaria. This resulted in Turkish bombardments of Romanian towns on the Danube. At this point, Romania was de facto independent, being "bound to the Ottoman Empire only by the payment of tribute (which had dropped to 1% of the country's budget) and a number of largely formal prerogatives in matters of foreign policy."[34]
Romanian participation
[edit]
On May 10, 1877, Romania declared its independence, ending the legal fiction of Ottoman suzerainty that had existed since 1861. The declaration was put forward and voted on by the Parliament and promulgated by Prince Carol.[35]
While Russia was happy to be given travelling rights inside Romanian territory, it vehemently opposed Romania actively entering the war, as this would have given them a place at the negotiation table after the war. However, after the Russian advance was halted outside the Bulgarian town of Pleven, they requested the Romanian army's urgent intervention. Carol obtained the command of the combined Russian and Romanian forces that were surrounding Pleven and following heavy fighting and a prolonged siege, Osman Nuri Pasha surrendered the town on 28 November 1877. This victory sent ripples within Romanian society, elevating Carol's name among the pantheon of national heroes.[34]
The Romanian army, under Carol, continued to fight in the war, most notably the battles of Smârdan and Vidin.[36] By early 1878, the Turks were losing the war and on the third of March they signed the Treaty of San Stefano, which recognized the independence of Romania, Serbia, Montenegro and the autonomy of Bulgaria.[37][38]
Aftermath
[edit]
After the war, the Treaty of Berlin recognized Romania as an independent country on 13 July 1878. In addition, Romania was granted the former Ottoman territory of Northern Dobruja, an immensely valuable territorial gain that gave Romania possession of the mouth of the Danube and access to the Black Sea.[34][39] From 1878, Carol held the title of Royal Highness (Alteță Regală).
The war had also made possible the appearance of the Principality of Bulgaria. This young state began a search for a new prince, and Carol I was among the candidates, although he was not elected.[40]
On 15 March 1881, the constitution was amended to proclaim Romania a kingdom. Carol became the first King of Romania, while the heir-apparent or heir-presumptive would be called Prince Royal. On 10 May, Carol was crowned king. The 1866 Constitution was retained, with the word "prince" replaced by the word "king".[41][42]
The Steel Crown that was used in the coronation of Carol was forged from steel of a melted Ottoman cannon that was captured by the Romanian Army at the Pleven.[43][44] Since 2016 it is depicted on the Romanian coat of arms.[45]
King of Romania
[edit]
King Carol was a cold man who was always focused on the prestige of the dynasty he had founded. His wife, Elizabeth, claimed he 'wore the crown in his sleep'.[46] He was very meticulous and he tried to impose his style upon everyone that surrounded him. Though he was devoted to his job as Romania's ruler, he never forgot his German roots. In 48 years of rule—the longest in Romanian history—he helped Romania gain its independence, raised its prestige, helped redress its economy and established a dynasty. In the Carpathian mountains, he built Peleș Castle in German style, which is considered one of Europe's most beautiful castles and is still one of Romania's most visited landmarks.[47] After the Russo-Turkish War, Romania gained Northern Dobruja and Carol ordered Romanian engineer Anghel Saligny (a competitor and friend of Gustave Eiffel) to build the first contemporary permanent bridge over the Danube, between Fetești and Cernavodă, linking the newly acquired province to the rest of the country.[48][49] The bridge was, at that time, the longest in Europe and, although no longer in use, it is still intact as of 2023.[13][50]
The king's personal authority in military and foreign policy issues was unquestioned. In 1883 he entered into a crucial alliance with the Central Powers, which he personally arranged without discussion in Parliament or with anyone outside a handful of insiders. Upon its renewal in 1892, he had to inform his prime minister and foreign minister, but Parliament and the public at large did not even know about its existence until the beginning of World War I.[51][52]
On 22 June 1884, the Parliament voted in favour of granting Carol and his successors a large royal estate, making the king the biggest landowner in the country.[53]
His reign established constitutional monarchy and saw the early days of democracy in Romania, despite the fact that elections of that era are largely seen as being controlled. Although the framers of the Constitution intended to vest most of the power in Parliament, the King exercised considerable influence on the electoral process. He would essentially alternate power between the two parties, installing the opposition whenever he felt the ruling party of the day had run its course. The new government would organize elections which they would invariably win.[34][54] This resulted in a situation where Parliament reflected the will of the government, not vice versa as is the case in a true parliamentary democracy.
Between 1886 and 1887, there was a new proposal to make Carol I the ruler of Bulgaria. He was strongly supported by Stefan Stambolov, regent of the country after the abdication of the Bulgarian prince Alexander of Battenberg. Stambolov's intention was to establish a personal union between Bulgaria and Romania. Carol I was interested in the offer, but had to reject it under Russian pressure.[40]
Last years and the looming World War I
[edit]
In 1913 Romania intervened in the Second Balkan War and invaded Bulgaria. The approach of Romanian troops towards Sofia determined the Bulgarians to negotiate an armistice which resulted in the Treaty of Bucharest, which gained Romania the territory of Southern Dobruja, expanding the territory obtained by the country under King Carol and confirming Romania's dominant role in the region.[55][56]
The long rule of Carol helped the quick development of the Romanian state. Towards the end of his reign and the start of World War I, Carol wanted to enter the war on the side of the Central Powers; however, Romanian public opinion was overwhelmingly Francophile and sided with the Triple Entente. Carol had signed a secret treaty in 1883 which had linked Romania with the Triple Alliance. Although the treaty was to be activated only if Russia attacked one of the signatories, Carol was convinced that the honourable thing to do was to enter the war supporting the German Empire and his cousin, Emperor William II.[21][57]
On 3 August [O.S. 21 July] 1914, an emergency meeting was held with the Crown Council, where Carol told them about the secret treaty and shared his opinion with them. However, most of the Crown Council members strongly disagreed, opting for neutrality, with prime-minister Brătianu being a particularly strong voice for preserving the peace obtained by the Treaty of Bucharest.[58]
King Carol died on 10 October [O.S. 27 September] 1914. The new king, Ferdinand (under the influence of his wife, Marie of Edinburgh, a British princess), was more willing to listen to public opinion and brought Romania into the war on the side of the Allies in 1916.[58][59]
Life and family
[edit]
When he was elected prince of Romania, Carol was unmarried. In 1869, the prince started a trip around Europe and mainly Germany, to find a bride. During this trip he met and married Princess Elizabeth of Wied at Neuwied on 15 November 1869. Their marriage was strange, with Carol being a cold and calculating man while Elizabeth was a notorious dreamer who published literature under the name of Carmen Sylva.[12][60] They had one child, Princess Maria, born in 1870, who died 9 April (N.S.) 1874.[61] She had no prospect of inheriting her father's throne; as mentioned above, the Constitution limited succession to the male line. This led to the further estrangement of the royal couple, Elizabeth never completely recovering from the trauma of losing her only child.[12]
After the proclamation of the Kingdom (1881), the succession was a very important matter of state. Since Carol's brother, Leopold (in 1880), and his oldest son, William (in 1886), declined their rights, the second son of Leopold, Ferdinand, was named prince of Romania and heir-presumptive to the throne, in 1886.[62]
Towards the end of Carol's life Carol and Elizabeth finally found a way to understand each other and were reported to have become good friends.[12]
Carol died on 10 October [O.S. 27 September] 1914, at the age of 75 years old.[63]
Legacy
[edit]
Carol I is seen as a towering figure of national history in contemporary Romania. He is often depicted in history books as a historical leader on par with Decebalus, Stephen the Great, Michael the Brave or Alexandru Ioan Cuza.[64] This view emerged during the second half of his reign, with the founding of the constitutional monarchy and the victory in the War of Independence making Carol a legendary personage in his own lifetime, according to historian Lucian Boia:
His long reign (of forty-eight years, one more than Stephen the Great) allowed the myth to come to fruition even within his lifetime. The image of the sovereign, mediocre at first, took on a powerful brilliance in the last years of the century. An educational poster of around 1900 presents "the four pillars of the Romanian people", along with other heroes of Wallachian history. The four are Trajan and Decebalus, Cuza and Carol I. Even Michael the Brave becomes a secondary figure by comparison. Carol appears organically rooted in Romanian history; he represents a new beginning, of course, but a beginning based on much older foundations.[64]
During the Communist era, Carol became a target of scorn for Romanian historians, as were all other figures associated with the monarchy. He was often described as a money-hungry foreign prince who was placed on the throne by Western capitalist in order to tighten their control over the Romanian state, no more than a simple pawn of the Kaiser, who needed someone that blindly followed his orders to rule over the lower Danube. Additionally, he was depicted as an enemy of the peasantry, who tried to steal their lands and rape young peasant girls. He was usually indicated as the sole source of outrage during the 1907 Peasant Revolt.[65][66][67] Starting with the second half of the 1970s, Carol's image was rehabilitated to some extent by Romanian historians, who distanced themselves from the more propagandistic views of the last three decades. While more mainstream publications, such as school text books, continued the anti-monarchy line, some academics began describing his reign as a period of national progress and acknowledged his role in preserving the young Union.[67]
Following the collapse of Communism in 1989, the monarchy was fully rehabilitated in the public eyes. Carol is now thought of as a figure of national unity who is seen as the founder of the modern Romanian state and one of the most revered individuals in the country's history.[10][68][69] During the 100 Greatest Romanians show broadcast by the national television in 2006, Carol I was voted the second greatest Romanian who has ever lived, after only Stephen the Great.[70]
The Carol I National Defence University and Central University Library in Bucharest, and the Carol I National College in Craiova are named in his honour.[71][72][73]
The Order of Carol I was established in 1906 and was until 1947 the highest honour bestowed by the Romanian Kingdom.[74] In 2005 it was reintroduced by the Romanian royal family as a dynastic order.[75]
Honours
[edit]
National orders and decorations
Romania:
Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania
Founder of the Medal of Faithful Service, 9 April 1878
Founder of the Order of the Crown of Romania, 14 March 1881[76]
Founder of the Order of Carol I, 10 May 1906[77]
House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen: Cross of Honour of the Princely House Order of Hohenzollern, 1st Class with Swords[78]
Foreign orders and decorations[78]
Ancestry
[edit]
See also
[edit]
King Carol I equestrian statue in Bucharest
Commissions of the Danube River
Citations
[edit]
Further reading
[edit]
Keith Hitchins, Rumania 1866–1947 (Oxford University Press, 1994).
Boris Crăciun – "Regii și Reginele României", Editura Porțile Orientului, Iași
Online edition of Carol's 1899 book Reminiscences of the King of Roumania
Daniel Cain: Carol I, King of Romania, in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
"Charles I., prince of Roumania" . The American Cyclopædia. 1879.
Newspaper clippings about Carol I of Romania in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
|
||||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 31
|
https://www.bibelotslondon.com/queen-elisabeth-of-romania-carmen-sylva-1913-to-baroness-deichman-signed-letter-4000-p.asp
|
en
|
Queen Elisabeth of Romania Carmen Sylva 1913 to Baroness Deichman Signed Letter
|
[
"https://files.ekmcdn.com/de4817/resources/design/logo-20170919105557.png",
"https://files.ekmcdn.com/de4817/images/queen-elisabeth-of-romania-carmen-sylva-1913-to-baroness-deichman-signed-letter-(2)-4000-p.jpg?w=118&h=9999&v=6575e63e-9b78-4e7e-8455-67ab0bc37f14",
"https://files.ekmcdn.com/de4817/images/queen-elisabeth-of-romania-carmen-sylva-1913-to-baroness-deichman-signed-letter-(3)-4000-p.jpg?w=118&h=9999&v=6575e63e-9b78-4e7e-8455-67ab0bc37f14",
"https://:0",
"https://:0",
"https://files.ekmcdn.com/de4817/images/queen-elisabeth-of-romania-carmen-sylva-1913-to-baroness-deichman-signed-letter-4000-p.jpg?w=800&h=9999&v=6575e63e-9b78-4e7e-8455-67ab0bc37f14",
"https://www.bibelotslondon.com/ekmps/images/social/link/Medium/facebook.png",
"https://www.bibelotslondon.com/ekmps/images/social/link/Medium/twitter.png",
"https://www.bibelotslondon.com/ekmps/images/social/link/Medium/instagram.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"fine",
"typed",
"letter",
"dated",
"october",
"21st",
"1913",
"accompanied",
"original",
"envelope",
"registered",
"castel",
"peles",
"pauline",
"elisabeth",
"ottilie",
"luise",
"wied",
"1843-1916",
"queen",
"consort",
"romania",
"addressed",
"baroness",
"deichmann",
"schloss",
"bendeleben",
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Fine typed letter dated October 21st 1913 accompanied by its original envelope sent registered from Castel Peles from Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise
|
en
|
/ekmps/shops/de4817/favicon.ico
|
Bibelots London
|
https://www.bibelotslondon.com/queen-elisabeth-of-romania-carmen-sylva-1913-to-baroness-deichman-signed-letter-4000-p.asp
| |||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 90
|
https://www.album-online.com/detail/en/MjAyOTZjMA/queen-romania-playing-organ-1904-elizabeth-wied-1843-1916-was-alb3952756
|
en
|
The Queen of Romania playing the organ, 1904. Artist: Unknown
|
[
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/logo-album-66h.png",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/logo-a-40h.png",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/search.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/plus.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/camera.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/photos/prev/MjAyOTZjMA/album_alb3952756.jpg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/pinterest_black.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/twitter_black.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/facebook_black.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/copy_black.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/envelope_black.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/add_item.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/remove_item.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/print.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/share.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/web/views/images/wait.gif",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/facebook.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/linkedin.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/pinterest.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/twitter.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Download this stock image (alb3952756) from album-online.com - The Queen of Romania playing the organ, 1904. Elizabeth of Wied (1843-1916) was Queen Consort of King Carol I of Romania, who she married in 1869. A print from The Girl's Own Annual, 19th November 1904.
|
en
|
Album
|
https://www.album-online.com/detail/en/MjAyOTZjMA/queen-romania-playing-organ-1904-elizabeth-wied-1843-1916-was-alb3952756
| ||||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 89
|
https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/nl_marie.html
|
en
|
Princess Marie von Wied (1831-1910) (The Netherlands)
|
[
"https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/linea2.gif",
"https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/n/nl_wied.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null |
Last modified: 2018-12-15 by rob raeside
Keywords: marie von wied |
Links: FOTW homepage | search | disclaimer and copyright | write us | mirrors
image by Mark Sensen, 25 Mar 2004
Adopted 27 August 1908
Princess Marie von Wied (1831-1910)
See also:
The Netherlands
The Netherlands - Index of all pages
The Netherlands: royal flags
Princess Marie von Wied (1831-1910)
The flag of Princess-Widow von Wied (Princess Marie) - was an orange field swallowtailed with a blue cross, and in top and bottom of the hoist a hunting horn; in the center of the cross the Dutch arms.
|
||||||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 86
|
https://royal.myorigins.org/p/Princess_Maria_of_Romania_1870/2/
|
en
|
Princess Maria of Romania
|
[
"https://royal.myorigins.org/_System/logos/home.png",
"https://royal.myorigins.org/_System/logos/names.png",
"https://royal.myorigins.org/_System/logos/calendar.png",
"https://royal.myorigins.org/_System/logos/timeline.png",
"https://royal.myorigins.org/_System/logos/relate.png",
"https://royal.myorigins.org/_System/logos/help.png",
"https://royal.myorigins.org/_System/logos/deutsch.png",
"https://royal.myorigins.org/_System/logos/email.png",
"https://royal.myorigins.org/pics/Princess_Maria_of_Romania_1870.jpg",
"https://royal.myorigins.org/pics/Princess_Maria_of_Romania_1870.jpg",
"https://royal.myorigins.org/pics/King_Carol_I_of_Romania.jpg",
"https://royal.myorigins.org/pics/Princess_Elisabeth_of_Wied_ca1870.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Eric Plum"
] | null |
en
|
/favicon.ico
| null |
(* 8.9.1870, † 9.4.1974)
King Carol I of Romania
(* 20.4.1839, O 15.11.1869, † 10.10.1914)
Princess Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Queen consort of Portugal
Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
|
||||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Romania
|
en
|
Elisabeth of Romania
|
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Elisabeta_a_Romaniei.jpg/220px-Elisabeta_a_Romaniei.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Marie_of_Romania_with_her_children.jpg/150px-Marie_of_Romania_with_her_children.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Crown_Princess_Marie_of_Romania_with_her_daughter_Elisabeth.jpg/150px-Crown_Princess_Marie_of_Romania_with_her_daughter_Elisabeth.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Georges_II_et_Elisabeth.jpg/200px-Georges_II_et_Elisabeth.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Iosif_Berman_-_Familia_Regal%C4%83.jpg/250px-Iosif_Berman_-_Familia_Regal%C4%83.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/HRH_Elizabeth_of_Romania%2C_HM_Queen_Marie_of_Romania%2C_HRH_Princess_Ileana_of_Romania%2C_HM_Queen_Maria_of_Yugoslavia.jpg/220px-HRH_Elizabeth_of_Romania%2C_HM_Queen_Marie_of_Romania%2C_HRH_Princess_Ileana_of_Romania%2C_HM_Queen_Maria_of_Yugoslavia.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Sigmaringen_Hedinger_Kirche_2.jpg/220px-Sigmaringen_Hedinger_Kirche_2.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Elisabeth_of_Romania.svg/187px-Royal_Monogram_of_Princess_Elisabeth_of_Romania.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_Arms_of_Elisabeth_of_Romania.svg/229px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Elisabeth_of_Romania.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Elisabeth_of_Greece.svg/172px-Royal_Monogram_of_Queen_Elisabeth_of_Greece.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Greece_%28accurate%29.svg/90px-Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_Greece_%28accurate%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg/100px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Denmark.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
] |
2004-08-01T16:49:05+00:00
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Romania
|
Queen of Greece from 1922 to 1924
"Elizabeth of Greece" redirects here. For the granddaughter of George I, King of the Hellenes, see Princess Elizabeth of Greece and Denmark. For the queen consort of Carol I, King of Romania, see Elisabeth of Wied.
Elisabeth of Romania (Elisabeth Charlotte Josephine Alexandra Victoria) Romanian: Elisabeta, Greek: Ελισάβετ; 12 October 1894 – 14 November 1956) was the second child and eldest daughter of King Ferdinand I and Queen Marie of Romania. She was Queen of Greece from 27 September 1922 until 25 March 1924 as the wife of King George II.
Elisabeth was born when her parents were crown prince and crown princess of Romania. She was raised by her great-uncle and great-aunt, King Carol I and Queen Elisabeth. Princess Elisabeth was an introvert and socially isolated. She became crown princess of Greece when she married George in 1921, but she felt no passion for him and underwent the political turmoil in her adopted country after World War I. When her husband succeeded to the Greek throne in 1922, Elisabeth was involved in assisting refugees who arrived to Athens after the disaster of the Greco-Turkish War. The rise of the revolutionary climate, however, affected her health and with great relief she left the Kingdom of Greece with her husband in December 1923. The royal couple then settled in Bucharest, and George was deposed on 25 March 1924, upon the abolition of the Greek monarchy.
In Romania, Elisabeth and George's relationship deteriorated, and they divorced in 1935. Very close to her brother Carol II of Romania, the former queen amassed an important fortune, partly due to financial advice given by her lover, the banker Alexandru Scanavi. After the death of her mother in 1938 and the abdication of King Carol II in 1940, Elisabeth took up the role of First Lady of Romania. At the end of World War II, she established close links with the Romanian Communist Party and openly conspired against her nephew, the young King Michael I, earning the nickname of "Red Aunt" of the sovereign. However, her communist links did not prevent her from being expelled from the country when the Romanian People's Republic was proclaimed in 1947. Elisabeth moved to Switzerland and then to Cannes, in southern France. She had a romantic relationship with Marc Favrat, a would-be artist almost thirty years younger, whom she finally adopted just before her death in 1956.[1]
Early years
[edit]
Second child and first daughter of Crown Prince Ferdinand and Crown Princess Marie of Romania, Elisabeth (nicknamed Lisabetha or Lizzy by her family) was born on 12 October 1894 at Peleş Castle, Sinaia. Named after her paternal great-aunt, Queen Elisabeth of Wied, shortly after birth she was removed from her parents. With her older brother Prince Carol, she was raised by King Carol I and his wife.[4] In her memoirs, Marie described her eldest daughter as "a lovely solemn-faced child who had a strong sense of rectitude." Over the years, Elisabeth developed a cold character and a volatile temperament which socially isolated her. Considered "vulgar" by her mother, she was, however, considered a classic beauty.
Marriage
[edit]
An undesired engagement
[edit]
In 1911, Prince George of Greece, then second-in-line to the throne and his future wife's second cousin, met Elisabeth for the first time. After the Balkan Wars, during which Greece and Romania were allied, the Greek prince asked for the hand of Elisabeth, but, advised by her great-aunt, she declined the offer, saying that her suitor was too small and too English in his manners. Disdainful, the princess even said on the occasion, that "God began the prince but forgot to finish him" (1914).[7]
During World War I, Elisabeth was involved in helping wounded soldiers. She made daily visits to the hospitals and distributed cigarettes and comforting words to the victims of the fighting.[9]
In 1919, Elisabeth and her sisters Maria and Ileana accompanied their mother, now Queen Marie, to Paris at the Peace Conference. The sovereign hoped that during her stay there she could find suitable husbands for her daughters, especially Elisabeth, already aged twenty-five. After a few months in France, the Queen and her daughters decided to return to Romania in early 1920. On the way back, they made a brief stop in Switzerland, where they found the Greek royal family, who lived in exile since the deposition of King Constantine I during the Great War. Elisabeth then met again Prince George (now Diadochos and heir of the throne), who asked again her hand. Now more aware of her own imperfections (her mother described her as fat and of very limited intelligence), Elisabeth decided to accept the marriage. However, at that time the future of the Diadochos was far from certain: displaced from the throne with his father and replaced by his younger brother, now King Alexander I, George was forbidden to stay in his country, penniless and without any prospects.
Nevertheless, the engagement satisfied both Elisabeth and George's parents. Delighted to have finally found a husband for her eldest daughter, the Queen of Romania soon invited the prince to travel to Bucharest in order to publicly announce the engagement. George agreed but soon after his arrival in the country of his fiancée, he learned of the accidental death of Alexander I and the ensuing political turmoil that erupted in Greece.
Life in Greece
[edit]
Restoration of the Greek royal family. Wedding of George and Elisabeth
[edit]
On 5 December 1920 a referendum of disputed results[a] called the Greek royal family to return home. King Constantine I, Queen Sophia and Diadochos George therefore returned to Athens on 19 December. Their return was accompanied by a significant jubilation. A huge crowd surrounded the sovereign and the heir to the throne through the streets of the capital. Once at the palace, they appeared repeatedly on the balcony to greet the people who cheered them.[16]
Wedding
[edit]
However, a few weeks later George returned to Romania to marry Elisabeth. The wedding took place with great pomp in Bucharest on 27 February 1921.[17] Shortly after on March 10, Crown Prince Carol of Romania, Elisabeth's elder brother, married George's younger sister, Princess Helen of Greece. >[18]
Crown princess
[edit]
In Greece, Elisabeth had great difficulty integrating into the royal family, and her relationship with Queen Sophia was particularly awkward.[19] From an introverted temperament that could be mistaken as arrogance,[20][21] Elisabeth felt displaced by her in-laws, who regularly spoke in Greek in her presence, because she had not yet mastered the language.[22] Only King Constantine I and his sister, the Grand Duchess Maria Georgievna of Russia, found favor in her eyes.[21] Indeed, even the shy Diadochos disappointed his wife, who wanted to share with him a more passionate relationship.[24]
Regretting not having her own home and being forced to constantly live with her in-laws, Elisabeth spent the already little revenues of her husband into redecorating their apartments. In addition, her family delayed in paying her dowry and the savings that she left in Romania were soon lost because of the poor investments made by the manager of her fortune.[25]
Facing a very difficult political situation, due to the Greco-Turkish War, Elisabeth quickly understood that her space to maneuver was limited in her new country. However, she integrated the Red Cross, which was overwhelmed by the arrival of wounded coming from Anatolia.[21][26] The Crown Princess also occupied her free time practicing gardening, painting and drawing. She illustrated a book of poems written by the Belgian author Emile Verhaeren. She also liked writing and producing some new books of low value.[27] Finally, she spent long hours studying the Modern Greek, a language that was extremely hard for her to learn.[25]
Disappointed by the mediocrity of her daily routine, Elisabeth began to nourish jealousy for her sister Maria, married to King Alexander I of Yugoslavia, and her sister-in-law Helen of Greece, wife of her brother Crown Prince Carol of Romania.[28] With the war and the revolution, the everyday life of the Greek royal family was indeed increasingly difficult, and the pension received by the Diadochos George didn't allow her to buy the clothes and jewelry that she wanted.
Already strained by the war, the relations of the Diadochos and his wife were clouded by their inability to give an heir to the Kingdom of Greece. Elisabeth became pregnant a few months after her marriage, but she suffered a miscarriage during an official trip to Smyrna.[b] Deeply affected by her miscarriage, the crown princess became sick with typhoid soon followed by pleurisy and worsened by depression. She found refuge with her family in Bucharest, but despite the efforts of her mother and husband, neither Elisabeth's health nor her marriage fully recovered from the loss of her child.[31]
Queen of the Hellenes
[edit]
Meanwhile, the disaster of the Greco-Turkish War forced King Constantine I to abdicate, which pushed George on to the throne (27 September 1922). The new king, however, had no power, and he and his queen were unable to resolve the repression organized by revolutionaries who took power against the representatives of the old regime. The new royal couple saw with anguish the near execution of Prince Andrew (the king's uncle) at the Trial of the Six.[35]
Despite this difficult context, Elisabeth tried to make herself useful to her adopted country. To respond to the influx of refugees originating from Anatolia, the Queen had built shacks on the outskirts of Athens. To carry out her projects, she mobilized her family and asked her mother, Queen Marie, to send wood and other materials.[36]
However, Elisabeth found it increasingly difficult to cope with Greece and its revolutionary climate. Her love for George II was over, and her letters to her mother show how much she worried for her future.[36] Her correspondence also revealed that she had no desire to have children.[38]
After an attempted monarchist coup d'état in October 1923, the situation of the royal couple became even more precarious. On 19 December 1923 King George II and his wife were forced into exile by the revolutionary government. With Prince Paul (the king's brother and heir-presumptive to the throne), they then departed for Romania, where they learned of the proclamation of the Second Hellenic Republic on 25 March 1924.[41]
Return to Romania
[edit]
Queen in exile
[edit]
In Romania, George II and Elizabeth moved to Bucharest, where King Ferdinand I and Queen Marie gave to them a wing of Cotroceni Palace. After a few weeks, the couple moved to a modest villa in the Calea Victoriei. Regular guests of the Romanian sovereigns, the exiled Greek royal couple participated in court ceremonies. But despite the kindness shown by his mother-in-law, the exiled King of Greece in Bucharest felt aimless and barely concealed the boredom that he felt at the Romanian court.[43]
Unlike her husband, Elisabeth was delighted with her return to Romania. Her relationship with her mother was sometimes stormy, even if their literary collaborations were successful. In the mid 1920s, Elisabeth illustrated the latest work of her mother, The Country That I Love (1925).[c][44] The links with Crown Princess Helen of Romania (wife of Crown Prince Carol of Romania and sister of King George II of Greece) remained complicated due to the jealousy that the exiled Queen of the Hellenes still continued to feel against her sister-in-law.[45]
Exacerbated by the humiliations of exile, financial difficulties and the lack of offspring, the relations between George II and Elisabeth deteriorated. After initially alleviating her weariness with too much rich food and gambling, the former Queen of the Hellenes began a series of extramarital relationships with several married men. She even flirted with her brother-in-law King Alexander I of Yugoslavia when she visited her sister Queen Maria during an illness in Belgrade. Later, she entered into an affair with the banker of her husband, a Greek-Romanian named Alexandru Scanavi, who was appointed her chamberlain to cover up the scandal. However, Elisabeth was not the only one responsible for the failure of her marriage: over the years, George II spent less time with his wife and gradually settled his residence in the United Kingdom, where he also entered into an adulterous relationship.[48][49]
In May 1935, Elisabeth heard from a Greek diplomat that the Second Hellenic Republic was on the verge of collapse and that the restoration of the monarchy was imminent.[49] Frightened by this news, the exiled Queen of the Hellenes then launched divorce proceedings without informing her husband. Charged with "desertion from the family home", George II saw his marriage dissolved by a Bucharest court without being really invited to speak on the matter (6 July 1935).[48][49][50]
An ambitious princess
[edit]
After the death of King Ferdinand I in 1927, Romania began a period of great instability. After Crown Prince Carol renounced his rights to be able to live with his mistress Magda Lupescu, his son ascended to the throne as King Michael I under the direction of a Council of Regency. Nevertheless, a significant part of the population supported the rights of Carol, who finally managed to take the crown in 1930. Very close to her brother, Elisabeth actively supported his return to Romania. She kept him daily informed of the country's political life during his years of exile.
Once on the throne, Carol II maintained stormy relations with the members of his family but retained his confidence in Elisabeth, who was the only member of the royal family who accepted his mistress. Thanks to the inheritance received from her father,[57] the financial advice of her lover, the banker Alexandru Scanavi, and her good relations with her brother, the princess managed to live in great style in Romania.[59] In March 1935, she acquired the large domain of Banloc, near the border with Yugoslavia, a mansion in Sinaia and an elegant villa of Italian style, called Elisabeta Palace, located in the Șoseaua Kiseleff in Bucharest.
After the death of the Queen Mother Marie in 1938 and the deposition of Carol II in 1940, Elisabeth played the role of First Lady of Romania. Ambitiously, the princess had indeed no remorse to follow her brother's policy, even when she showed herself tyrannical with other members of the royal family. After the return to the throne of Michael I and the establishment of the dictatorship of Marshal Ion Antonescu, Elisabeth stayed out of politics.[61] However, from 1944, she forged links with the Romanian Communist Party and openly conspired against her nephew, who now considered her a spy.[62][63] In early 1947, she received in her domain of Banloc the Marshal Tito, who deposed another of her nephews, the young King Peter II of Yugoslavia.[64][65] Finally, through Alexandru Scanavi, the Princess participated in the financing of the guerrilla who fought against her former brother-in-law, the now King Paul I, in Greece.
However, Elisabeth wasn't the only member of the Romanian royal family who had friendly relations with the communists: her sister Ileana did the same in the hope of putting her eldest son, Archduke Stefan of Austria, on the throne. For these reasons, the two princesses then received the nickname of "Red Aunts" of King Michael I.[66]
Last years
[edit]
Despite her links with the Romanian Communist Party, Elisabeth was forced to leave the country after the proclamation of the Romanian People's Republic, on 30 December 1947. The new regime gave her three days to pack her belongings and the Elisabeta Palace was ransacked. However, before she went into exile, the princess had time to burn her archives in the domain of Banloc. On 12 January 1948 she left Romania with her sister Ileana aboard a special train provided by the Communists. The Scanavi family accompanied them, but both princesses lost much of their property after being expelled from the country.
Elisabeth settled firstly in Zürich and then in Cannes, at the Villa Rose Alba. In France, she met a handsome young seducer and would-be artist named Marc Favrat.[citation needed] Having fallen in love with the young man, the princess wished to marry him and asked her cousin, Frederick, Prince of Hohenzollern, to bestow a title on him, but Frederick refused.[1] The princess then decided to adopt her lover; which she did three months before her death. She died at her home on 14 November 1956.[69]
The body of the princess was transferred to the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen crypt, the Hedinger Kirche of Sigmaringen.[citation needed]
Archives
[edit]
Young Princess Elisabeth's letters to her grandfather, Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, are preserved in the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen family archive, which is in the State Archive of Sigmaringen (Staatsarchiv Sigmaringen) in the town of Sigmaringen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.[70]
Ancestry
[edit]
Arms and monogram
[edit]
Royal Monogram as Princess Elisabeth of Romania
Coat of Arms of Queen Elisabeth of Greece
Royal Monogram of Queen Elisabeth of Greece
Notes
[edit]
References
[edit]
Bibliography
[edit]
Mateos Sáinz de Medrano, Ricardo (2004). La familia de la reina Sofía : la dinastía griega, la Casa de Hannover y los reales primos de Europa (1. ed.). Madrid: La Esfera de los Libros. ISBN 84-9734-195-3. OCLC 55595158.
Gelardi, Julia P. (2006). Born to rule : granddaughters of Victoria, queens of Europe : Maud of Norway, Sophie of Greece, Alexandra of Russia, Marie of Romania, Victoria Eugenie of Spain. London: Review. ISBN 0-7553-1392-5.
Marcou, Lilly (2002). Le roi trahi : Carol II de Roumanie. Paris: Pygmalion/G. Watelet. ISBN 2-85704-743-6. OCLC 49567918.
Queen Marie of Romania, Însemnari zilnice, vol. 3, Editura Historia, 2006
Van der Kiste, John (1994). Kings of the Hellenes: The Greek Kings, 1863–1974. Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-2147-1.
Hannah Pakula, The Last Romantic: A Biography of Queen Marie of Roumania, Weidenfeld & Nicolson History, 1996 ISBN 1-85799-816-2
Prince of Greece, Michel; Palmer, Alan (1990). The Royal House of Greece. London: Weidenfeld Nicolson Illustrated. ISBN 0-297-83060-0. OCLC 59773890.
John Wimbles, Elisabeta of the Hellenes: Passionate Woman, Reluctant Queen - Part 1: Crown Princess, Royalty Digest, vol. 12#5, no 137, November 2002, pp. 136–144 ISSN 0967-5744
John Wimbles, Elisabeta of the Hellenes: Passionate Woman, Reluctant Queen - Part. 2: Crown Princess, Royalty Digest, vol. 12#6, no 138, December 2002, pp. 168–174 ISSN 0967-5744
John Wimbles, Elisabeta of the Hellenes: Passionate Woman, Reluctant Queen - Part. 3: Exile at Home 1924–1940, Royalty Digest, vol. 12#7, no 139, January 2003, pp. 200–205 ISSN 0967-5744
John Wimbles, Elisabeta of the Hellenes: Passionate Woman, Reluctant Queen - Part. 4: Treachery and Death , Royalty Digest, vol. 13#1, no 145, July 2003, pp. 13–16 ISSN 0967-5744
Ivor Porter, Michael of Romania: The King and the Country, Sutton Publishing Ltd, 2005 ISBN 0-7509-3847-1
Jean-Paul Besse, Ileana: l'archiduchesse voilée, Versailles, Via Romana, 2010 ISBN 978-2-916727-74-5
The Romanovs: The Final Chapter (Random House, 1995) by Robert K. Massie, pgs 210–212, 213, 217, and 218ISBN 0-394-58048-6 and ISBN 0-679-43572-7
Ileana, Princess of Romania. I Live Again. New York: Rinehart, 1952. First edition.
Lillian Hellman: A Life with Foxes and Scoundrels (2005), by Deborah Martinson, PhD. (Associate Professor and Chair of English Writing at Occidental College)
Elisabeta de România, prinţesa capricioasă care s-a retras la conacul din Banloc, article by Ștefan Both in Adevărul, 2013
Ileana of Romania Is Dead at 82; Princess Founded Convent in U.S., article by Eric Pace in The New York Times, 1991
|
||||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 25
|
https://www.instagram.com/historicalroyals/p/CrmTSUSICpP/
|
en
|
Instagram
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
| null | ||||||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 27
|
https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/wied-wilhelm-prinz-zu/
|
en
|
Wied, Wilhelm, Prinz zu
|
[
"https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/wp-content/themes/encyclopedia19141918/assets/img/1418-logo.png",
"https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/eo/Prince_of_albania_LOC_IMG-218x300.jpg",
"https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/eo/Wied_and_family_IMG.jpg",
"https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/eo/Wied_and_sophie_IMG.jpg",
"https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/wp-content/themes/encyclopedia19141918/apps/templates/article/../../../assets/img/1914-1918%20online_Logo_RGB_lang.png",
"https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/wp-content/themes/encyclopedia19141918/assets/oes/images/partners/fu-logo-240606-RGB-p.png",
"https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/wp-content/themes/encyclopedia19141918/assets/oes/images/partners/bsb_logo_claim_gr_72dpi.jpg",
"https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/wp-content/themes/encyclopedia19141918/assets/oes/images/partners/dfg_logo_blau-crop.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-07-02T21:39:29+00:00
|
Wilhelm Friedrich Heinrich Prince of Wied, born to a German Protestant noble family, reigned briefly as Prince of Albania from 7 March 1914 until 3 September 1914. In addition to domestic issues and his lack of political experience, the outbreak of the First World War ended Wied’s short reign in Albania. After the war Wied unsuccessfully tried to achieve recognition of his rights to the Albanian throne.
|
en
|
/wp-content/themes/encyclopedia19141918/assets/img/favicon.ico
|
1914-1918-Online (WW1) Encyclopedia
|
https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/wied-wilhelm-prinz-zu/
|
Wilhelm Friedrich Heinrich Prince of Wied, born to a German Protestant noble family, reigned briefly as Prince of Albania from 7 March 1914 until 3 September 1914. In addition to domestic issues and his lack of political experience, the outbreak of the First World War ended Wied’s short reign in Albania. After the war Wied unsuccessfully tried to achieve recognition of his rights to the Albanian throne.
Family Background and Early Life
Wilhelm Friedrich Heinrich Prince of Wied (1876-1945) was born on 26 March 1876 in Neuwied on the Rhine as the third son of Wilhelm Adolph Maximilian Karl Prince of Wied (1845-1907) and his wife Marie of Nassau, Princess of the Netherlands (1841-1910)). He was a cousin of Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1859-1941) and a nephew of Elisabeth, Queen, consort of Charles I, King of Romania (1843-1916), born Princess of Wied. After graduating from secondary school in Jena in 1896, Wied attended the military school in Engers near Neuwied. He then served in the Guard Regiment of Wilhelm II. In 1907 he was promoted to lieutenant of the cavalry, and from 1911 until his nomination as Prince of Albania he served as a cavalry captain in Potsdam. Wied was married to Princess Sophie of Schönburg-Waldenburg (1885-1936) with whom he had two children.
Wied’s Reign as Prince of Albania
In 1913, when the Great Powers were in search of a monarch for the newly independent Principality of Albania, Wied was one of many candidates for the throne. Long and tenacious negotiations followed between the rivals Austria-Hungary and Italy, the two powers most interested in Albania’s future. Due to the lack of suitable candidates and the short time period allotted for choosing a prince, the decision for Wied in the summer 1913 was a compromise. With his German nationality and his Protestant denomination he was the only candidate on whom the Great Powers could agree. At the time of his candidateship, Wied was thirty-seven years old; he had only had a military education, had no political or diplomatic experience, and had essentially no knowledge about Albania. Initially Wied showed considerable reservation, but when his preconditions were largely fulfilled he accepted the offer in November 1913. Wied’s taking office was delayed, due to the incapacity of the Great Powers to agree on particular questions regarding the organisation of the principality, Wied’s hesitant attitude and lack of competence, and the friction among the Albanians. Finally, on 7 March 1914 Wied arrived with his wife and a small royal household in Durrës, the capital of the principality.
From the beginning of his reign, Wied was confronted with difficult tasks and challenges. The so-called Epirotic Question at the still undefined border to Greece, a Muslim uprising in Central Albania, and domestic intrigues limited Wied’s scope of action. Via their representatives in the International Commission of Control, the Great Powers continuously interfered in Wied’s affairs, while Wied tried in vain to operate independently. The outbreak of the First World War finally led to an end of Wied’s reign in Albania. The Great Powers withdrew theirs troops from Albania, the gendarmerie officers that Holland had provided returned home, and the financial support that Wied had been promised ceased. On 3 September 1914 he abandoned Albania without formally abdicating.
There are diverging opinions as to the reason for Wied’s short reign (he ruled for less than seven months). He was accused of ignorance and indecision, while others argued that Wied’s reign was doomed to fail from the start. Even if the circumstances did not allow him to conduct a resolute policy, Wied failed to utilise the relatively strong position the Albanian constitution of 1914 offered him. As a consequence, the conflicts and tensions between the powers of the Dreibund and the Entente as well as between Austria-Hungary and Italy also entered Albanian politics and dominated the meetings of the International Commission of Control. Furthermore, the choice of Wied’s political advisers in his personal civil cabinet proved rather unfavourable. The prominent posts were assigned to an Austro-Hungarian and an Italian councilor who viewed each other as political rivals and thus complicated any successful work. Particularly problematic was Wied’s decision to rely only on foreigners and not to incorporate Albanian advisers, a fact which was heavily critised by the Albanian government. Wied seems to have been easily influenced, scared of making decisions, and generally fearful. He was persuaded by the Austro-Hungarian councilor to dissolve his civil cabinet, but only hesitatingly took the subsequent necessary steps. Additionally, Wied was not involved in the formation of the agreement that granted autonomy to Northern Epirus and that was the result of negotiations between the European Great Powers and Albanian and Greek politicians. His escape from the capital for a few hours during the Muslim upheaval was also detrimental, as was his indulgent attitude toward Essad Pasha Toptani (1863-1920), an influential leader in Central Albania who in the first government of the Albanian principality held both the post of interior minister and defence minister. In contrast to his wife, Wied had little interest in learning Albanian, a fact that created a severe communication problem with the local population. He was quite withdrawn from the Albanian people and government; he did not take part in the meetings of the Albanian government, had no direct contact with the Albanians, and did not visit the different parts of Albania.
First World War and Late Years
Wied never abdicated the Albanian throne. Together with his wife, he expected to eventually return to Albania. While initially Wied seems to have intended to wait out the war in Romania, he instead decided to serve in the German army in Flandern under the nom de guerre of the Count of Kruja. Germany’s defeat in the First World War made it impossible for Wied to return to Albania. In 1917, Wied composed an eighty-two-page Memorandum on Albania with his views and memories of his short reign. The aim to achieve recognition of his rights to the Albanian throne remained illusive. After the war, Wied lived with his wife and two children, Marie Eleonore of Wied (1909-1956) and Karl Viktor, Prince of Wied (1913-1973), in Tyrol and then in Munich. In 1925, he moved with his family to Romania where he died in 1945. Until his death, Wied carried the title of Prince of Albania, which is also written on the gravestone in the Lutheran church in Bucharest where he is buried.
Eva Anne Frantz, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften
|
||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 84
|
https://tactileimages.org/en/history/personalities-en/king-carol-first-of-romania/
|
en
|
King Carol First of Romania
|
[
"https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/logo2.png",
"https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Carol_I_-1-980x1009.jpg 980w, https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Carol_I_-1-480x494.jpg 480w",
"https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Carol_I_-1-1080x675.jpg",
"https://assets.pinterest.com/images/pidgets/pinit_fg_en_rect_gray_20.png",
"https://assets.pinterest.com/images/pidgets/pinit_fg_en_rect_gray_20.png",
"https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/plugins/facebook-pagelike-widget/loader.gif",
"https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/plugins/facebook-pagelike-widget/loader.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Alina Gabriela"
] |
2019-02-13T12:43:54+00:00
|
After the recognition of Romania’s independence as a state, Carol received the title of Royal Highness on 21 September 1878. During King Carol I’s reign multiple institutions appeared among them the National Bank of Romania
|
en
|
Tactile Images Encyclopedia
|
https://tactileimages.org/en/history/personalities-en/king-carol-first-of-romania/
|
also known as Carol I of of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (b. 20 April 1839, Sigmaringen, d. 10 October 1914, Sinaia)
Image description
The bust image presents a man over 45 years old, with short hair, beard and a moustache, a long and straight nose, full lips, prominent eyebrows and ears and dressed in a military uniform.
The slightly curved texture represents the slicked back hair.
The short and stuffy beard is represented by the compact and dense texture, and for the elongated moustache curved parallel lines overlap each other.
The tunic is represented by a texture made out of a multitude of dots and it ends at the base of the neck with a collar that has a texture made up of small right triangles placed very close together.
On the shoulders, the epaulettes are made out of a curly texture.
On the chest, tied to the collar there is a medal in the form of a sharp cross and on the right side there are another two embossed military medals.
The mess dress uniform also contains the sash which starts from his right shoulder and goes all the way over his chest. It stands out because of its compact texture of short oblique lines intersecting one another.
In the image that shows him standing he is dressed in a military uniform and is holding a sword.
The tunic here is represented by the curly texture and the collar by dots.
On his shoulders he is wearing epaulettes made to stand out by the use of thickened lines which end in clubs towards the exterior.
On his chest his wearing two embossed medals, the cross with the sharp points pinned to the collar and a rectangular band represented by parallel lines which is meant to signify military distinctions.
The buttons are made to stand out by the use of thickened circles. The pants are represented by a a texture made out of dots and the shoes are highlighted by short oblique lines that intersect each other.
The sword’s hilt is represented by a texture made out of plus signs.
Historical information
Carol I of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was born on 20 April 1839 in Sigmaringen. After finishing his studies in Dresden in 1856 he enrolled in the Cadet School in Munster. He graduated with the mark “Bine” (B, Good) and became a second lieutenant dragoon. Afterwards, he attended the courses of the Artillery School in Berlin. [Bibliography 1]
After the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan Cuza by a coup d’état on the night of 11 February 1866, Romanian politicians wanted to bring to the Romanian throne a foreign ruler. The first choice was Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders the brother of Leopold II of Belgium, who refused being named the new Romanian sovereign. So, the Romanian politicians turned their eye to the Hohenzollern family. Ioan C. Bratianu the representative of the coalition holding the power obtained the consent of Carol, the second son of Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern. Soon afterwards on 20 april 1839 Carol was elected Domnitor (“Reigning Prince”). [Bibliography 2].
From that moment onward began the journey of the man who was to become the longest reigning monarch of the Romanian state. Due to political conflict between Prussia and the Austrian Empire, Karl travelled incognito by railroad, through Switzerland. Officially he was travelling to Odessa. [Bibliography 3]. He stopped in Baziaș for a couple of days where he stayed in a “dirty inn”. [Bibliography 4]. From there he travelled by boat to Turnu Severin. On May 10, 1866 he entered the capital Bucharest where he was welcomed by Dimitrie Brătianu, the mayor, who gave him the keys to the city. [Bibliography 5].
In the 1934 book The Three Kings by Cezar Petrescu we are shown Carol’s reaction upon seeing the royal palace:
“On a short building, with a single floor, a flag was flapping in the wind, a guard of honour was keeping watch. The prince asked his companion:
“What can be found in this house?
General Golescu responded
“The palace…”
“I don’t understand. What palace?
“The royal palace, your highness.”
Carol’s amazement, real or imagined by Petrescu represents a clue as to how the situation of the Romanian Principalities was when he took the throne. Politically speaking the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were still under Ottoman suzerainty so Carol went to Istanbul to get the sultan’s firman. He was officially recognized as hereditary prince on 20 October 1866. [Bibliography 6].
In 1866, as mentioned by Ioan Scurtu, Romania was only at the beginning of the modernization process. The image of the capital was sad, with small dilapidated buildings and constructions realized without a plan. There were no paved roads. [Bibliography 7]. Romania still had no railroad a problem which determined Carol to declare that “I will not leave the country unless it’s on a Romanian railroad.” His dream came to fruition in 1869 when the Bucharest-Giurgiu railroad was officially opened. [Bibliography 8]. However, the industry was almost non-existent. [Bibliography 9]. But, at the same time, another problem arose: Bucharest’s bridges were hotspot of infection. The sanitation of the city was provided by the river Dâmbovița who “touched by Bucharest’s filth, swung itself from its river bed and washed everything in its path.” [Bibliography 10].
Ever since the beginning of his reign we can observe some objectives that Carol took upon himself to resolve: organizing and instructing the army, the construction of a railway system and the development of Danubian ports. At the same time we could also see him move towards a legislative activity. The first constitution of the Romanian United Principalities was adopted 1 July 1866. Laws concerning the creation of a national currency and a coat of arms for the country are passed (1st of March 1867). This is all made to encourage the national industry, the modernization of the ports, the construction of railways, the organization of the army and of the military education system. Between these same years the first coins bearing Carol I’s likeness and the inscription Carol I Prince of Romanians (1868). In 1869 Carol marries Elisabeth of Wied. [Bibliography 11].
One of his main concerns was gaining independence from the Ottoman Empire. [Bibliography 12]. The occasion would arise during the Russo-turkish war from 1877. Its obtaining was preceded by a treaty with Russian signed either on 3 or 15 of April 1977 which stipulated that Romania would allow the Russian troops to pass through the country while Russia would swear to respect the political rights and the territorial integrity of Romania. [Bibliography 13]. On either 9 or 21 of May (sources vary) 1877 Kogălniceanu declared in Parliament:”We are independent, we are a stand-alone nation.’’ Although initially Russia denied the military help of Romania it soon found itself forced to accept due to the resistance of the Turkish people, and so it asked Carol to intervene.
And so with Carol leading the way the Romanian army crossed the Danube river through the village of Corabia on either 20 august or 1 of September 1877. [Bibliography 14]. Upon hearing the sound of the canons Carol declared:”This is the music that I like”, a statement that was to remain ingrained in people’s minds. [Bibliography 15]. Finally, Romania’s independence was recognized by the Berlin Treaty (13 July 1878). However, the recognition was dependant on several conditions that had to be met: Romania was to give southern Basarabia to Russia. In exchange Romania was given the Danube Delta, the Serpent Island and Dobrogea region. [Bibliography 16].
After the recognition of Romania’s independence as a state, Carol received the title of Royal Highness on 21 September 1878. Carol did not have any male heirs so to resolve the problem of who would come to the throne, he signed a ”family pact” on 17th of May 1881 by which he declared his nephew Ferdinand to be heir. Romania was proclaimed a kingdom and Carol was made king on 10th of May of 1881.
Major changes also took place in the 1866 Constitution and in the political life of the kingdom following the founding of the political parties: PNL in 1875 and the Conservative Party in 1880 which lead to King Carol I to adopt a system in which the two parties would take turns governing every four years. The constitution was also modified. Electoral colleges were also reduced from 4 to 3 and the right to vote was also given to more people.
During King Carol I’s reign multiple institutions appeared among them the National Bank of Romania (1880), ”Domeniile Coroanei” (1884) a group of proprieties owned by the state whose income is used to finance the activities of the Romanian Royal Familiy.
Multiple industrial undertakings are established now (Buhuși, Letea). Bucharest also suffered changes during that time. In 1888 the first sidewalks made out of artificial basalt appeared in Bucharest and in 1890 street lighting was introduced. [Bibliography 17].
However, Carol I’s reign was not without its delicate moments and problems. In 1870 the self proclaimed Republic of Ploiești asked for Carol’s abdication. To make matters worse the peasants also revolted several times because of the socio-economic situation in which they found themselves. By far one of the worse revolts, in his 48 year reign, was the one in 1907 when the liberal government lead by Dimitrie Sturdza, with Ion I.C. Brătianu serving as minister of internal affairs and Alexandru Averescu as ministry of war, crushed the revolt violently with the help of the Romanian Army. Following this, some 11.000 peasants were killed. [Bibliography 18]. The conflict was described afterwards as being one of useless aggression.
”The measures taken by Averescu crush the revolt in only a few days but the repression is becoming an act of useless aggression.” [Bibliography 19]
Politically speaking, Carol chose to ally himself with the Central Powers, a fact made official by the signing of treaties with Austria-Hungary and Germany in 1883, treaties which were kept secret at the time out of fear of a negative reaction from the general public. [Bibliography 20]. Towards the end of his life, Carol has one big disappointment: losing Basarabia following the treaties of San Stefano and Berlin. According to Ioan Scurtu, King Carol declared:”There’s only one thing I’d like before I die: to see the return of the three counties lost by the country during my reign” [Bibliography 21].
In the context of the First World War starting, Carol would have wanted to enter the war against Russia, taking the side of his original motherland Germany. ”The very possible perspective of gaining back Bessarabia”, ”the pan-Slavism threat, the faith in the invincibility of Germany and the treaty from 1883 were some of the arguments which Carol invoked for entering the war [Bibliography 22]. But at the Crown Council of Romania from 21 July 1914 the point of view of the government was accepted and neutrality was chosen with a huge majority [Bibliography 23].
King Carol I died on 10 October 1914 in Sinaia and was buried in Curtea de Argeș Cathedral [Bibliography 24].
Bibliography
Paul Lindenberg, Regele Carol I al României, București, Humanitas, 2016.
Nicolae Iorga, Regii României. Carol I, Ferdinand, Carol al II-lea, Mihai I. O istorie adevărată, București, Tex Express, 1998, p. 7, Keith Hitchins, România. 1866-1947, Ivth edition, București, Humanitas, 2013, p. 27.
Ioan Scurtu, Istoria Românilor în timpul celor patru regi. Regele Carol I, vol. I, București, Editura Enciclopedică, 2010, p. 42.
Cezar Petrescu, Cei trei regi, IIIrd edition, București, RAI, [1997], pp. 9-19.
Nicolae Iorga, op. cit., p. 10.
Keith Hitchins, op. cit., p. 29.
Ioan Scurtu, op. cit., pp. 54-55.
V. Vâlcovici, Inginerii noștri și opera lor, in Revista Fundațiilor Regale, an. I, nr. 1/ianuarie 1934, p. 111.
Scurtu, 55.
V. Vâlcovici, Inginerii noștri și opera lor, in Revista Fundațiilor Regale, an. I, nr. 1/ianuarie 1934, p. 105.
Ioan Scurtu, op. cit., pp. 55, 58, 63, 88.
Idem, Portrete Politice, Chișinău, Editura Prut Internațional, 2006, p. 12.
Dan Berindei, Secolul al XIX-lea, în Stephen Fischer-Galați, Dinu Giurescu, Ioan Aurel-Pop (coordonatori), O istorie a românilor studii critice, Cluj-Napoca, Fundația Culturală Română, 1998, p. 213, Ioan Scurtu, Carol, p. 103.
V. Vâlcovici, art. cit., pp. 105-106.
Ioan Scurtu, Portrete…, p. 14,
Keith Hitchins, op. cit. pp. 62-63.
Ioan Scurtu, Regele Carol I, pp. 90, 127-131, 133, 138, 139, 155.
Ibidem, p. 68-70, 199.
Nicolae Iorga, op. cit., p. 25.
Ioan Scurtu, op. cit., pp. 183,184
Ioan Scurtu, op. cit., p. 234.
Sterie Diamandi, Galeria oamenilor politici, București, Editura Gessa, [1991], 61.
Keith Hitchins, op. cit., p. 94.
Regele Carol, available online at http://www.familiaregala.ro/istorie/regele-carol-i[august 2018].
Download image
Carol I bust: http://imaginitactile.ro/index.php/Fi%C8%99ier:Carol_I_.jpg
King Carol I uniform: http://imaginitactile.ro/images/a/a3/Uniforma_Regelui_Carol_I_COST_1_003_TERMINAT.png
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 72
|
https://www.united-archives.de/id/02733869
|
en
|
Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise of Wied the first queen of Romania
|
https://www.united-archives.de/P/1EE54FD5-B7B601ED-814FD48E-625476B4-B3674B60/02733869
|
https://www.united-archives.de/P/1EE54FD5-B7B601ED-814FD48E-625476B4-B3674B60/02733869
|
[
"https://www.united-archives.de/files/Bilder/2023/LogoRund_rot_mitSchlagschatten_Website1200px.png",
"https://www.united-archives.de/files/Bilder/2023/LogoRund_rot_mitSchlagschatten_Website1200px.png",
"https://www.united-archives.de/thumb.php/02733869.jpg?eJwljD0LwkAQRP_L1CnuYzHJdnKNAaPgCWoll2TPRiyMqcT_7npWjzczzBthDc7pPkuFsAEDyjPYKi4F2w7sFDst5XG7LnPSTa9mXO19s2p_eizbWKYxgEnR_zOtXs9F_0-xBAdwbUyFvSq8m8RNI2WbiBozehkMjTkNJNIm6_H5AmWJJ-c~"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise of Wied",
"1916",
"first",
"queen",
"Romania",
"wife",
"King",
"Carol I",
"princess consort",
"Romanian",
"royalty",
"monarch"
] | null |
[] |
2022-04-20T00:00:00+02:00
|
Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise of Wied (29 December 1843 - 2 March 1916) was the first queen of Romania as the wife of King Carol I from 15 March 1881 to 27 September 1914. She had been the princess consort of Romania since her marriage to then-Prin
|
en
|
files/Logo/favicon_unitedarchives_16.png
|
UNITED ARCHIVES GmbH
|
https://www.united-archives.de/id/02733869
| |||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 10
|
https://kids.kiddle.co/Carol_I_of_Romania
|
en
|
Carol I of Romania facts for kids
|
[
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-robot.svg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-search-engine.svg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/8/82/Carol_I_of_Romania_edited.jpg/300px-Carol_I_of_Romania_edited.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/7/7d/Carol_of_Romania_-_signature.png/125px-Carol_of_Romania_-_signature.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/d/d0/Prinz_Karl_im_sechsten_Lebensalter_1845.jpg/130px-Prinz_Karl_im_sechsten_Lebensalter_1845.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/c/c4/Prince_Karl_of_Hohenzollern_Sigmaringen.jpg/130px-Prince_Karl_of_Hohenzollern_Sigmaringen.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/a/af/Stamp_1933_Turnu_Severin_1_leu.jpg/300px-Stamp_1933_Turnu_Severin_1_leu.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/1/11/5_lei_Carol_I_-_1881.png/300px-5_lei_Carol_I_-_1881.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/d/da/CuzaGhimpele1872.PNG/300px-CuzaGhimpele1872.PNG",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/f/f4/K%C3%A4rtchen_zur_Schlacht_bei_Plewna_%2811._%26_12.09.1877%29.jpg/300px-K%C3%A4rtchen_zur_Schlacht_bei_Plewna_%2811._%26_12.09.1877%29.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/3/38/Franz_Mandy_-_Intoarcerea_victorioasa_in_Bucuresti_a_armatei_romane_de_pe_frontul_din_Bulgaria.jpg/300px-Franz_Mandy_-_Intoarcerea_victorioasa_in_Bucuresti_a_armatei_romane_de_pe_frontul_din_Bulgaria.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/3/3e/Podul_Regele_Carol_I.jpg/300px-Podul_Regele_Carol_I.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/5/51/Carol_I%2C_Elisabeta_and_Maria.jpg/300px-Carol_I%2C_Elisabeta_and_Maria.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/e/ee/King_Carol_I_of_Romania_with_his_nephew_and_great_nephew.jpg/300px-King_Carol_I_of_Romania_with_his_nephew_and_great_nephew.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/6/65/Dvorecot_na_Carol_I_vo_Sinaja%2C_1907.jpg/300px-Dvorecot_na_Carol_I_vo_Sinaja%2C_1907.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/8/8c/Royal_monogram_of_Carol_I_of_Romania.svg/80px-Royal_monogram_of_Carol_I_of_Romania.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Hohenzollern-Hechingen_and_Sigmaringen.png/23px-Flag_of_Hohenzollern-Hechingen_and_Sigmaringen.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/7/7e/Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_I_and_Ferdinand_I_of_Romania_%28Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece%29.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Charles_I_and_Ferdinand_I_of_Romania_%28Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_Herzogtum_Anhalt.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Anhalt.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Habsburg_Monarchy.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/b/b0/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891-1918%29.svg/22px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Baden_%281891-1918%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/1/16/Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bavaria_%28striped%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Empire_of_Brazil_%281822-1870%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Empire_of_Brazil_%281822-1870%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/3/3e/Flagge_Herzogtum_Braunschweig.svg/22px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Braunschweig.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/e/ed/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Coburg-Gotha_%281911-1920%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Saxe-Altenburg_%281893-1918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saxe-Altenburg_%281893-1918%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/9/99/Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Meiningen.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Sachsen-Meiningen.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_France_%281794%E2%80%931958%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_France_%281794%E2%80%931958%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/d/d0/State_flag_of_Greece_%281863%E2%80%931924%3B1935%E2%80%9373%29.svg/23px-State_flag_of_Greece_%281863%E2%80%931924%3B1935%E2%80%9373%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/e/ed/Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hawaii_%281896%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/9/97/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg/19px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Hessen_ohne_Wappen.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/9/95/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg/23px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogt%C3%BCmer_Mecklenburg.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Montenegro_%281860%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/3/33/Flagge_Herzogtum_Nassau_%281806-1866%29.svg/23px-Flagge_Herzogtum_Nassau_%281806-1866%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Oldenburg_%281871%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Oldenburg_%281871%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_%281844%E2%80%931922%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/e/e3/Early_20th_Century_Qajar_Flag.svg/20px-Early_20th_Century_Qajar_Flag.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/c/c0/Romanov_Flag.svg/22px-Romanov_Flag.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/4/46/Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg/22px-Flagge_Gro%C3%9Fherzogtum_Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach_%281813-1897%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/e/e9/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg/22px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_Sachsen_%281815-1918%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/0/0c/Flag_of_Serbia_%281835-1882%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281835-1882%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785-1873_and_1875-1931%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/4/4b/Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg/23px-Swedish_civil_ensign_%281844%E2%80%931905%29.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/6/67/Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg/21px-Norge-Unionsflagg-1844.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/22px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/5/5f/Kids_robot.svg/60px-Kids_robot.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-search-engine.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Learn Carol I of Romania facts for kids
|
en
|
/images/wk/favicon-16x16.png
|
https://kids.kiddle.co/Carol_I_of_Romania
|
"Carol I" and "King Carol" redirect here. For the 2009 film, see Carol I (film). For the king reigning from 1930 to 1940, see Carol II of Romania.
Carol I or Charles I of Romania (20 April 1839 – 10 October [O.S. 27 September] 1914), born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, was the monarch of Romania from 1866 to his death in 1914, ruling as Prince (Domnitor) from 1866 to 1881, and as King from 1881 to 1914. He was elected Prince of the Romanian United Principalities on 20 April 1866 after the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan Cuza by a palace coup d'état. In May 1877, Romania was proclaimed an independent and sovereign nation. The defeat of the Ottoman Empire (1878) in the Russo-Turkish War secured Romanian independence, and he was proclaimed King on 26 March [O.S. 14 March] 1881. He was the first ruler of the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen dynasty, which ruled the country until the proclamation of a socialist republic in 1947.
During his reign, Carol I personally led Romanian troops during the Russo-Turkish War and assumed command of the Russo/Romanian army during the siege of Plevna. The country achieved internationally recognized independence via the Treaty of Berlin, 1878 and acquired Southern Dobruja from Bulgaria in 1913. In 1883 the king entered a top-secret military alliance with the Austro-Hungarian Empire, despite popular demands against Hungary. When World War I broke out he was unable to activate the alliance. Romania remained neutral and in 1916 joined the Allies.
Domestic political life was organized around the rival Liberal and Conservative parties. During Carol's reign, Romania's industry and infrastructure were much improved, however this process also resulted in major scandals, including the Strousberg Affair which personally implicated Carol. Overall, the country still had an agrarian-focused economy and the situation of the peasantry failed to improve, leading to a major revolt in 1907, bloodily suppressed by the authorities.
He married Princess Elisabeth of Wied on 15 November 1869. They only had one daughter, Maria, who died at the age of three. Carol never produced a male heir, leaving his elder brother Leopold next in line to the throne. In October 1880 Leopold renounced his right of succession in favour of his son William, who in turn surrendered his claim six years later in favour of his younger brother, the future King Ferdinand.
Early life
Prince Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was born on 20 April 1839 in Sigmaringen, in the Catholic branch of the family. He was the second son of Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and his wife, Princess Josephine of Baden. After finishing his elementary studies, Karl entered the Cadet School in Münster. In 1857 he was attending the courses of the Artillery School in Berlin. Up to 1866, when he accepted the crown of Romania, he was a Prussian officer. He took part in the Second Schleswig War, including the assault of the Fredericia citadel and Dybbøl, an experience which would be very useful to him later in the Russo-Turkish war.
Although he was quite frail and not very tall, prince Karl was reported to be the perfect soldier, healthy and disciplined, and also a very good politician with liberal ideas. He was familiar with several European languages. His family was closely related to the Bonaparte family (one of his grandmothers was a Beauharnais, Joséphine's niece-in-law, and the other a Murat, Joachim's niece Marie Antoinette Murat), and they enjoyed very good relations with Napoleon III of France.
En route to Romania
The former Domnitor (ruling prince) of united Romania, Alexandru Ioan Cuza, had been expelled from the country by the leading noblemen, leaving Romania in political chaos. Cuza's double election seven years earlier, both in Wallachia and in Moldavia, had been the basis on which the Romanian Principalities' unification was recognized by the European powers. With him gone, the country was in danger of disintegration, as the Ottoman Empire and other powers initially accepted the unification only on the condition that it would end with his reign.
As Romanian politicians searched for a successor, Karl was not their first choice. The authors of the anti-Cuza coup first approached Philip of Flanders, brother of king Leopold II of Belgium, hoping that he would bring the institutions of his country to the Lower Danube and turn the newly unified country into a "Belgium of the East". Wary of France's oppositions, Philip, who also turned down the throne of Greece a few years earlier, refused.
Soon after, Napoleon III suggested Karl, who was the brother in law of Philip. Napoleon's recommendation weighed heavily with Romanian politicians of the time, since Romania was strongly influenced by French culture. Napoleon was a strong supporter of Romanian independence, hoping to consolidate French influence on the Black Sea. Another factor was Karl's blood relation to the ruling Prussian family. Ion Brătianu was the Romanian politician sent to negotiate with Karl and his family the possibility of installing him on the Romanian throne.
Due to the political conflict between Prussia and the Austrian Empire, Karl travelled incognito by railroad from Düsseldorf to Baziaș, through Switzerland. He received there a Swiss passport from a Swiss public clerk, friend of his family, under the name of Karl Hettingen. From Baziaș he travelled by boat to Turnu Severin, since there was no railroad to Romania. As he crossed the border onto Romanian soil, he was met by Brătianu, who bowed before him and asked Karl to join him in his carriage. He was formally elected Domnitor on 20 April.
On 10 May 1866 (22 May 1866 N.S.), Karl entered the capital of Bucharest. The news of his arrival had been transmitted by telegraph and he was welcomed by a huge crowd eager to see the new ruler. In Băneasa he was given the keys to the capital city. Eventually it was a rainy day after a long period of drought, which was taken to be a good omen by locals. As he was crowned, Karl swore this oath: "I swear to guard the laws of Romania, to maintain the rights of its People and the integrity of its territory." He took this oath in French, as he did not yet speak Romanian. In fact, it is said that, before his nomination as Domnitor, he had never heard of Romania. However, he endeared himself to his adopted country by adopting the Romanian spelling of his name, Carol. He learned to speak Romanian not long after that.
Early reign
The Constitution of 1866
On 29 June–two months after Carol's arrival–the Romanian parliament adopted the 1866 Constitution of Romania, one of the most modern constitutions of its time. Carol signed it into law two days later. Modeled closely on the Constitution of Belgium, it guaranteed private propriety, freedom of speech, total freedom of the press, it abolished the death penalty during peace time, and established separation of powers. Despite the otherwise liberal nature of the act, the constitution barred non-Christians from becoming citizens, a measure which heavily affected the country's Jewish population
This constitution allowed the development and modernization of the Romanian state. In a daring move, the Constitution chose to ignore the nominal suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, which paved the way towards de jure independence.
Article 82 made the throne a hereditary office of Carol's descendants "on the male line through the right of first-born, perpetually excluding women and their descendants." It also required that Carol's descendants be "raised in the Eastern Orthodox Religion." Although Carol was vested with executive power, he was not politically responsible for exercising it. His acts were only valid if they were countersigned by a minister, who then became responsible for the act in question. Nevertheless, he commanded great moral authority as a symbol of the nation and its unity.
Franco-Prussian War and the Republic of Ploiești
While Romania did not take part in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, the conflict nonetheless affected the early reign of Carol I. Since he was a German prince ruling a historically Francophile country, there was a strong feeling of distrust towards Carol during the time, who was not yet seen as Romanian. Several attempts to force the prince to abdicate take place around this time, usually led by the republicans and radical liberals led by Ion C. Brătianu and C. A. Rosetti. Carol's alliance with the Conservatives which effectively blocked the Liberals out of government did little to quell Liberal animosity towards the prince.
The most well known such incident took place on 8 August 1870, when radical liberals in the city of Ploiești started a revolt and attempted coup by arresting the chief of police and the county Prefect, occupying several official buildings and proclaiming the so-called Republic of Ploiești. The revolt lasted less than 24 hours and lead to the arrest of many Liberal leaders.
Future republican projects were rare, especially since Brătianu became prime minister in 1876 and helped Liberals hold power until 1889, becoming loyal supporters of King Carol.
War of independence (1877–1878)
Background
Between 1875 and 1877 anti-Ottoman revolts took place in several Balkan countries, most notably Bulgaria, where the April Uprisings of 1876 were brutally suppressed by irregular bashi-bazouks. The international outrage at the Bulgarian massacre – particularly on the part of Russia, who saw itself as a protector of Orthodox Christians in general and Bulgarians in particular – triggered several diplomatic efforts over the next year. After the failure of these diplomatic attempts, Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire on 24 April 1877, launching the Russo-Turkish War, which is known in Romanian historiography as the War of Independence.
At the behest of then foreign minister Mihail Kogălniceanu and against the advice of his Crown Council, Carol decided to permit Russian troops to pass through its territory on the way to Bulgaria. This resulted in Turkish bombardments of Romanian towns on the Danube. At this point, Romania was de facto independent, being "bound to the Ottoman Empire only by the payment of tribute (which had dropped to 1% of the country's budget) and a number of largely formal prerogatives in matters of foreign policy."
Romanian participation
On May 10, 1877, Romania declared its independence, ending the legal fiction of Ottoman suzerainty that had existed since 1861. The declaration was put forward and voted on by the Parliament and promulgated by Prince Carol.
While Russia was happy to be given travelling rights inside Romanian territory, it vehemently opposed Romania actively entering the war, as this would have given them a place at the negotiation table after the war. However, after the Russian advance was halted outside the Bulgarian town of Pleven, they requested the Romanian army's urgent intervention. Carol obtained the command of the combined Russian and Romanian forces that were surrounding Pleven and following heavy fighting and a prolonged siege, Osman Nuri Pasha surrendered the town on 28 November 1877. This victory sent ripples within Romanian society, elevating Carol's name among the pantheon of national heroes.
The Romanian army, under Carol, continued to fight in the war, most notably the battles of Smârdan and Vidin. By early 1878, the Turks were losing the war and on the third of March they signed the Treaty of San Stefano, which recognized the independence of Romania, Serbia, Montenegro and the autonomy of Bulgaria.
Aftermath
After the war, the Treaty of Berlin recognized Romania as an independent country on 13 July 1878. In addition, Romania was granted the former Ottoman territory of Northern Dobruja, an immensely valuable territorial gain that gave Romania possession of the mouth of the Danube and access to the Black Sea. From 1878, Carol held the title of Royal Highness (Alteță Regală).
The war had also made possible the appearance of the Principality of Bulgaria. This young state began a search for a new prince, and Carol I was among the candidates, although he was not elected.
On 15 March 1881, the constitution was amended to proclaim Romania a kingdom. Carol became the first King of Romania, while the heir-apparent or heir-presumptive would be called Prince Royal. On 10 May, Carol was crowned king. The 1866 Constitution was retained, with the word "prince" replaced by the word "king".
The Steel Crown that was used in the coronation of Carol was forged from steel of a melted Ottoman cannon that was captured by the Romanian Army at the Pleven. Since 2016 it is depicted on the Romanian coat of arms.
King of Romania
King Carol was a cold man who was always focused on the prestige of the dynasty he had founded. His wife, Elizabeth, claimed he 'wore the crown in his sleep'. He was very meticulous and he tried to impose his style upon everyone that surrounded him. Though he was devoted to his job as Romania's ruler, he never forgot his German roots. In 48 years of rule—the longest in Romanian history—he helped Romania gain its independence, raised its prestige, helped redress its economy and established a dynasty. In the Carpathian mountains, he built Peleș Castle in German style, which is considered one of Europe's most beautiful castles and is still one of Romania's most visited landmarks. After the Russo-Turkish war, Romania gained Northern Dobruja and Carol ordered Romanian engineer Anghel Saligny (a student of Gustave Eiffel) to build the first contemporary permanent bridge over the Danube, between Fetești and Cernavodă, linking the newly acquired province to the rest of the country. The bridge was, at that time, the longest in Europe and, although no longer in use, it is still intact as of 2023.
The king's personal authority in military and foreign policy issues was unquestioned. In 1883 he entered into a crucial alliance with the Central Powers, which he personally arranged without discussion in Parliament or with anyone outside a handful of insiders. Upon its renewal in 1892, he had to inform his prime minister and foreign minister, but Parliament and the public at large did not even know about its existence until the beginning of World War I.
On 22 June 1884, the Parliament voted in favour of granting Carol and his successors a large royal estate, making the king the biggest landowner in the country.
His reign established constitutional monarchy and saw the early days of democracy in Romania, despite the fact that elections of that era are largely seen as being controlled. Although the framers of the Constitution intended to vest most of the power in Parliament, the King exercised considerable influence on the electoral process. He would essentially alternate power between the two parties, installing the opposition whenever he felt the ruling party of the day had run its course. The new government would organize elections which they would invariably win. This resulted in a situation where Parliament reflected the will of the government, not vice versa as is the case in a true parliamentary democracy.
Between 1886 and 1887, there was a new proposal to make Carol I the ruler of Bulgaria. He was strongly supported by Stefan Stambolov, regent of the country after the abdication of the Bulgarian prince Alexander of Battenberg. Stambolov's intention was to establish a personal union between Bulgaria and Romania. Carol I was interested in the offer, but had to reject it under Russian pressure.
Last years and the looming World War I
In 1913 Romania intervened in the Second Balkan War and invaded Bulgaria. The approach of Romanian troops towards Sofia determined the Bulgarians to negotiate an armistice which resulted in the Treaty of Bucharest, which gained Romania the territory of Southern Dobruja, expanding the territory obtained by the country under King Carol and confirming Romania's dominant role in the region.
The long rule of Carol helped the quick development of the Romanian state. Towards the end of his reign and the start of World War I, Carol wanted to enter the war on the side of the Central Powers; however, Romanian public opinion was overwhelmingly Francophile and sided with the Triple Entente. Carol had signed a secret treaty in 1883 which had linked Romania with the Triple Alliance. Although the treaty was to be activated only if Russia attacked one of the signatories, Carol was convinced that the honourable thing to do was to enter the war supporting the German Empire and his cousin, Emperor William II.
On 3 August [O.S. 21 July] 1914, an emergency meeting was held with the Crown Council, where Carol told them about the secret treaty and shared his opinion with them. However, most of the Crown Council members strongly disagreed, opting for neutrality, with prime-minister Brătianu being a particularly strong voice for preserving the peace obtained by the Treaty of Bucharest.
King Carol died on 10 October [O.S. 27 September] 1914. The new king, Ferdinand (under the influence of his wife, Marie of Edinburgh, a British princess), was more willing to listen to public opinion and brought Romania into the war on the side of the Allies in 1916.
Life and family
When he was elected prince of Romania, Carol was unmarried. In 1869, the prince started a trip around Europe and mainly Germany, to find a bride. During this trip he met and married Princess Elizabeth of Wied at Neuwied on 15 November 1869. Their marriage was strange, with Carol being a cold and calculating man while Elizabeth was a notorious dreamer who published literature under the name of Carmen Sylva. They had one child, Princess Maria, born in 1870, who died 9 April (N.S.) 1874. She had no prospect of inheriting her father's throne; as mentioned above, the Constitution limited succession to the male line. This led to the further estrangement of the royal couple, Elizabeth never completely recovering from the trauma of losing her only child.
After the proclamation of the Kingdom (1881), the succession was a very important matter of state. Since Carol's brother, Leopold (in 1880), and his oldest son, William (in 1886), declined their rights, the second son of Leopold, Ferdinand, was named prince of Romania and heir-presumptive to the throne, in 1886.
Towards the end of Carol's life Carol and Elizabeth finally found a way to understand each other and were reported to have become good friends.
Carol died on 10 October [O.S. 27 September] 1914, at the age of 75 years old.
Legacy
Carol I is seen as a towering figure of national history in contemporary Romania. He is often depicted in history books as a historical leader on par with Decebalus, Stephen the Great, Michael the Brave or Alexandru Ioan Cuza.
During the Communist era, Carol became a target of scorn for Romanian historians, as were all other figures associated with the monarchy. He was often described as a money-hungry foreign prince who was placed on the throne by Western capitalist in order to tighten their control over the Romanian state, no more than a simple pawn of the Kaiser, who needed someone that blindly followed his orders to rule over the lower Danube. Additionally, he was depicted as an enemy of the peasantry, who tried to steal their lands. He was usually indicated as the sole source of outrage during the 1907 Peasant Revolt. Starting with the second half of the 1970s, Carol's image was rehabilitated to some extent by Romanian historians, who distanced themselves from the more propagandistic views of the last three decades. While more mainstream publications, such as school text books, continued the anti-monarchy line, some academics began describing his reign as a period of national progress and acknowledged his role in preserving the young Union.
Following the collapse of Communism in 1989, the monarchy was fully rehabilitated in the public eyes. Carol is now thought of as a figure of national unity who is seen as the founder of the modern Romanian state and of the most revered individuals in the country's history. During the 100 Greatest Romanians show broadcast by the national television in 2006, Carol I was voted the second greatest Romanian who has ever lived, after only Stephen the Great.
The Carol I National Defence University and Central University Library in Bucharest, and the Carol I National College in Craiova are named in his honour.
The Order of Carol I was established in 1906 and was until 1947 the highest honour bestowed by the Romanian Kingdom. In 2005 it was reintroduced by the Romanian royal family as a dynastic order.
Honours
National orders and decorations
Romania:
Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania
Founder of the Medal of Faithful Service, 9 April 1878
Founder of the Order of the Crown of Romania, 14 March 1881
Founder of the Order of Carol I, 10 May 1906
House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen: Cross of Honour of the Princely House Order of Hohenzollern, 1st Class with Swords
Foreign orders and decorations
See also
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 12
|
https://www.alamy.com/elisabeth-of-wied-was-the-queen-of-romania-as-the-wife-of-king-carol-i-widely-known-by-her-literary-name-of-carmen-sylva-image246737980.html
|
en
|
Elisabeth of Wied was the Queen of Romania as the wife of King Carol I, widely known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva Stock Photo
|
[
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/mastercard.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/visa.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/amex.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/paypal.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/apple-pay.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/google-pay.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"1900s",
"antique",
"class system",
"color",
"colour",
"colours",
"eastern europe",
"eastern european culture",
"elisabeth of wied",
"europe"
] | null |
[
"Alamy Limited"
] | null |
Download this stock image: Elisabeth of Wied was the Queen of Romania as the wife of King Carol I, widely known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva. - T9BTPM from Alamy's library of millions of high resolution stock photos, illustrations and vectors.
|
en
|
https://www.alamy.com/elisabeth-of-wied-was-the-queen-of-romania-as-the-wife-of-king-carol-i-widely-known-by-her-literary-name-of-carmen-sylva-image246737980.html
|
Elisabeth of Wied was the Queen of Romania as the wife of King Carol I, widely known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva.
Captions are provided by our contributors.
RMID:Image ID :T9BTPM
Image details
Contributor :
Walker Art Library / Alamy Stock Photo
Image ID :
T9BTPM
File size :
93.7 MB (7.9 MB Compressed download)
Open your image file to the full size using image processing software.
Releases :
Model - no | Property - noDo I need a release?
Dimensions :
5119 x 6398 px | 43.3 x 54.2 cm | 17.1 x 21.3 inches | 300dpi
Date taken :
1900
More information :
This image could have imperfections as it’s either historical or reportage.
Available for editorial use only. Get in touch for any commercial
Commercial use includes advertising, marketing, promotion, packaging, advertorials, and consumer or merchandising products.
or personal uses
Personal prints, cards and gifts, or reference for artists. Non-commercial use only, not for resale.
.
Taxes may apply to prices shown.
|
||||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 47
|
https://medium.com/%40nsvinodh/a-romanian-prince-in-india-1899ee1eda91
|
en
|
A ROMANIAN PRINCE IN INDIA
|
[
"https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:64:64/1*dmbNkD5D-u45r44go_cf0g.png",
"https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:88:88/1*K8i5H0GgbS6XgdMl4VZHtA.jpeg",
"https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:144:144/1*K8i5H0GgbS6XgdMl4VZHtA.jpeg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"N S Vinodh",
"medium.com"
] |
2020-05-11T10:45:26.363000+00:00
|
A hundred years ago, India hosted Crown Prince Carol of Romania for a four-week holiday during April/May 1920. A decade later the Prince would become King Carol II of Romania, and would be described…
|
en
|
https://miro.medium.com/v2/5d8de952517e8160e40ef9841c781cdc14a5db313057fa3c3de41c6f5b494b19
|
Medium
|
https://medium.com/@nsvinodh/a-romanian-prince-in-india-1899ee1eda91
|
A hundred years ago, India hosted Crown Prince Carol of Romania for a four-week holiday during April/May 1920. A decade later the Prince would become King Carol II of Romania, and would be described by a historian as “the most cynical, corrupt and power-hungry monarch who ever disgraced a throne anywhere in twentieth-century Europe”. The tale of India extending its hospitality to Prince Carol is little known, whether in India or in Romania. What made India do so?
In the last two decades of the nineteenth century, Romania (or Rumania as it was spelt then) was ruled by the Prussian born King Carol I. Not having any children of his own, Carol I nominated his nephew, Ferdinand, as the Crown Prince. Ferdinand married Princess Marie of Edinburgh, the granddaughter of Britain’s Queen Victoria from the latter’s second son Alfred, in 1893, and they soon had a son who was also named Carol. For Marie, “a lovely young woman with sparkling blue eyes and silky fair hair”, moving from a repressed and stuffy Victorian England to a Francophile Romania with its vastly liberal sexual mores was an immensely pleasurable change. Moreover, finding her husband Ferdinand wanting in both emotional and physical companionship, the vivacious seventeen-year-old began to have numerous affairs with officials of the court that drew the censure of both her husband and the King. But Marie was made of sterner stuff, and gradually eclipsed her husband both in popularity with the public as well as influencing young Carol. After the death of Carol I in 1914, Ferdinand I became the king. Despite her earlier waywardness, Queen Marie was a much-loved figure in Romania; an exceptionally sensible, brave, and charismatic royal, and the real power behind her timid husband’s throne.
While young Carol admired the German militarism and demeanour of his grand uncle, he seemed to have imbibed more of his mother’s lax morals, and became notorious for his insatiable sexual escapades. By the time he was nineteen, he had fathered two illegitimate children through a teenaged schoolgirl. Worldwide newspaper coverage of him dealt more with his wild partying, with a woman in one hand and a drink in the other, than any of his royal duties. During WW-I, Prince Carol served as a Colonel in the army but with little achievement to his credit. He was however more successful in his affair with a Romanian army officer’s daughter, Jeanne ‘Zizi’ Lambrino, a lady described as “not remarkably beautiful but very attractive with a most loveable personality”. Carol and Zizi surreptitiously got married in a Greek Orthodox Church across the border in Odessa on 30 August 1918. Carol’s parents were enraged when news of this came out, and King Ferdinand had his son imprisoned for six weeks for absenting himself from his regiment without leave. Queen Marie, working through her husband, influenced parliament to declare the marriage null and void, since marriage between a member of the royal family and a Romanian local was prohibited by Romania’s policy that allowed only marriage with another comparable non-Romanian royal. The next few months saw all the ingredients of a mega Romeo and Juliet production; Carol first proclaimed that he would give up his throne to be with his beloved, and to show his resolve, had a child with Zizi. Queen Marie, not one to be cowed down with such minor irritants, used a judicious mix of threats, blandishments and tears, and eventually ‘persuaded’ Carol to divorce Zizi and abandon his wife and child. The last scene of the drama included Zizi coming to the palace at Bucharest to plead with Carol but being turned away at gunpoint by a sentry. The salacious gossip this engendered quickly reached a global audience, and the morality of Carol’s action in abandoning his wife for power and pelf was debated from Adelaide to Zurich and everywhere in between.
Readers of P.G. Wodehouse would be familiar with the strategy adopted by the English upper crust in dealing with their offspring getting into uncomfortable alliances. It was to send them to the family castle in the countryside for an extended vacation till the fire of love was extinguished and the heart no longer felt the pain of separation. Queen Marie, more of a blue-blooded firebrand compared to the Wodehousian Lady Constance, was flummoxed, but only fleetingly. She went post-haste to England to meet her first cousin King George V, the ruler of the vast British Empire, and enlisted his help to send Prince Carol on a long around-the-world vacation in the comfortable confines of a British naval ship, since Romania’s navy consisted of little more than a few riverboats. And thus did Prince Carol depart from Romania sometime in March 1920 to explore the world. His long absence would give Queen Marie enough time to ‘arrange’ a suitable wife for him.
Prince Carol’s expedition first took him to Egypt; he then sailed from Port Said to Ceylon, arriving in Colombo on 12 April. Accompanying him were a few Romanian officials, Minister Filoder, Secretary Djuvara, General Gavanescu, Colonel Condiescu, Lt. Col. Condiescu, and Captain Horis. After spending a week in Ceylon, he arrived in Bombay on the afternoon of 20 April on the H.M.S. Caroline. Befitting his status as the Crown Prince of a European power, and a nephew of the King Emperor, the colonial Government in India pulled out its entire ceremonial arsenal to welcome the young prince. To summarise what the Times of India reported the next day, a delegation consisting of the Chief Secretary of Bombay and a few other top officials went to the H.M.S. Caroline and brought ‘His Royal Highness’ ashore on the launch ‘Diamond’. As Carol alighted at Apollo Bunder, a twenty-one-gun salute was given accompanied by the playing of the Romanian national anthem by the King’s Own Scottish Rifles. After being introduced to senior officials of the government, the Prince inspected the guard of honour, and then sat in a motorcar for a short tour of Bombay. The tour took him through Chowpatty, Ridge Road, Gibbs Road, Warden Road, Jacob Circle, and ended at Bori Bunder, where a reception was held in his honour that was graced by the presence of the city’s leading citizens and numerous foreign envoys. After the reception, Carol left for Mahabaleshwar, a nearby hill-station, by a special train that left Victoria Terminus Station at 6–45 p.m. and was seen off by members of the Governor’s Executive Council. The train journey was up to Kirkee (Pune), and the journey to Mahabaleshwar would be resumed the next day after an overnight halt at Kirkee.
It may not have been very pleasant for Carol to travel through the country with the searing Indian summer on its way, but his itinerary included generous stops in some of the hill stations to stem the perspiration. We know about his travels through the country owing to the diary maintained by (Dr.) Lieutenant Colonel Eugene (Micky) Ryan, who was nominated to be the escort for the Prince along with Lt. Col. Fredrick Marshman Bailey, both of whom accompanied the Prince throughout his journey within India. As Ryan notes in his diary, they had a ‘good dinner’ on the train from Bombay, and the next day (21st) they motored the eighty miles to Mahabaleshwar to the country house of the Governor of Bombay, where Governor George Lloyd and his wife received them. That evening Carol played bridge with Lady Lloyd, Bailey, and Ryan.
After a couple of days in Mahabaleshwar, the Prince and his entourage left for Poona on 23rd and boarded a train in the evening at 7.35 pm for Agra. Arriving in Agra in the early morning of the 25th, they were “met at the station by a crowd of flunkeys”, and then drove to the Circuit House for breakfast. The Times of India (TOI) reported that Carol “was delighted with the architectural beauties of Fatepur Sikri” and that “the arrangements made for his reception and sightseeing by the Commissioner and Collector were excellent and pleased him very much.” After seeing the Taj Mahal and Agra Fort in the evening, Carol departed at midnight for Delhi. As the TOI wrote, “The residents of Agra and the suburbs had a novel experience, when they heard a salute of 21 guns booming from the Fort at the stroke of midnight on His Royal Highness’ departure.” Arriving in Delhi at 6.30 am on the 26th, Carol and his team spent two hours seeing the Fort, had breakfast at Alipore Hospital, toured New Delhi in the afternoon, and then left for Patiala at 11 pm that night.
The Maharaja of Patiala, Sir Bhupinder Singh, was one of India’s richest and most colourful rulers. His collection of Rolls Royce cars, his talent at cricket and polo, and his extravagance at everything else were legendary. He made sure that his hospitality for the prince was in no way found wanting; red carpets and booming guns were omnipresent, and he personally welcomed Carol, and put the entourage up at one of his palaces. The highlight of Carol’s stay at Patiala was a visit to the fort to see the beautiful crown jewels, and a spot of blackbuck shooting after lunch. After spending just a night at Patiala, the team left for Pinjore on 28 April arriving there in the evening. The whole of the next day was spent going through the jungles on elephant back, possibly through what is today called the Sukhna Wildlife Sanctuary. Carol and team left for Simla on 30th, arriving there in the afternoon for what would be the highpoint of their trip.
At Simla, the Prince, with some of his select officials, was put up at the Viceregal Lodge as guests of the Viceroy Lord Chelmsford and his wife, who had also come to Simla to spend the summer. It was a ritual of colonial days for the entire Viceregal staff and senior bureaucracy to shift from Delhi’s stifling heat to the cooler climes of Simla for the few summer months every year. As to how Carol spent his four days in Simla, one can do no better than quote extracts from the colourful reports filed by TOI’s local correspondent, presumably an English ‘society’ lady herself.
“The presence of His Royal Highness (H.R.H.) Prince Carol of Rumania, combined with a glorious afternoon, resulted in a large and fashionable attendance at the Third Annadale Gymkhana today [1 May]. His Excellency the Viceroy gave a luncheon party in the club grounds to which some thirty guests were invited to meet H.R.H. After luncheon the bolder spirits braved the rays of an extremely hot sun and indulged in a game of mixed cricket in which the Crown Prince took an active part. The gentlemen’s team playing left-handed were unsportsmanlike enough to defeat the ladies by one run.”
“I hear the efforts at talking French at the luncheon were most amusing — one lady was heard to remark to a gallant member of the Crown Prince’s Suite ‘Je ne parle pas beaucoup de Francais mais ham Hindustani accha bolta.’ [I do not speak much of French but I speak Hindustani well.] The combined attractions of the Crown Prince and a cloudless sky enticed a lot of people to Annandale,…But the feminine entries are still disappointing, this was possible due on Saturday to so many of the fairies putting on their best frocks for the benefit of the Crown Prince, which prevented them from doing anything but look pretty in them….”
“I was glad to see Lady Chelmsford attend the delightful dance Their Excellencies gave at Viceregal Lodge on the 3rd to the Royal visitor from Rumania, whose stay in Simla was very fully occupied, as he dined at Snowdon on Saturday, spent Sunday at Mashorba and lunched informally at the United Service Club on Monday [3rd]. At the dance at Viceregal Lodge, H.R.H. did not take the floor but contented himself with conversing with some of our Simla notabilities of both sexes. Supper took place in the Council Chambers which was most tastefully decorated with roses.”
After that most invigorating break in his travels, it was back on the train on the 4th, this time towards Kashmir. After alighting at Pindi [Rawalpindi] the next day evening, the party drove and reached Tret [now in Pakistan] at about 7 pm. On the 6th, the party drove the whole day reaching Uri in the evening. The snow capped hills all around by the banks of the Jhelum was a beautiful sight. Spending the night at Uri, Carol and his team left the next day after lunch and drove down to Baramula where they met the Governor, and then proceeded to the capital Srinagar, where the Prince inspected a Guard of Honour of the local soldiers. Carol spent a restful week at Srinagar taking in the beauty of Kashmir; its gardens, hills, lakes, houseboats, and orchards.
The next few days was a blur of travel — leaving Srinagar on 15th, they retraced their path through Tret and Pindi to reach Delhi on 17th. Carol, pleased with the services of Col. Ryan, presented him with the Order of the Star of Romania. Leaving Delhi the next day, they spent 18th at Benares, and reached Calcutta on 19th, where they stayed at the Grand Hotel for a few days. The royal entourage finally left India from Calcutta on 22 May passing through Penang, Hong Kong and Shanghai to reach Japan in July. Thereafter Carol sailed to the United States, and spent time there before returning to Europe.
The subsequent story of Carol is well known and I will not belabour the tale. True to her word, Queen Marie found what she believed was the ideal match for her son, Princess Helena of Greece. Both Carol and Helena were second cousins, with a common great grandmother in Queen Victoria. They were married on 10 March 1921.
However, Carol found royal women uninteresting; his tastes were more bohemian and he found pleasure only in the company of commoners. Apart from cavorting with prostitutes in Bucharest, he began an affair with Elena (Magda) Lupescu, a married woman who was part Jewish. Owing to the scandal associated with the affair, Carol renounced his right to the throne in 1925 and moved to Paris where Lupescu and he lived together openly. The affair resulted in Helena and Carol divorcing in 1928. However, Carol came back to Romania in 1930, claimed the throne, and became king as Carol II. The decade of his rule was known for his authoritarianism, populism, corruption, and the unpopular presence of Lupescu. Nazi Germany colluded with his political opponents and he was forced to abdicate in favour of his son Michael in 1940. Carol and Lupescu fled to Mexico, and later moved to Portugal where Carol died in 1953.
One question continues to intrigue me, and I’m hoping some historian is able to shed some light on this. How did Carol, with chastity not being one of his obvious virtues, manage the four weeks in India? Or were there any secret liaisons that may have produced a few whose unknown paternity could be traced to a Romanian prince?
*****************************************************************
Sources:
|
||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 7
|
https://travelmakertours.com/the-story-of-the-romanian-royal-family-a-journey-into-the-past/
|
en
|
The Story of the Romanian Royal Family – a Journey into the Past
|
[
"https://travelmakertours.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/TravelMaker_logo.png",
"https://travelmakertours.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/TravelMaker_logo.png",
"https://travelmakertours.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Romanian-Royal-Family-Carol-I-1024x538.jpg",
"https://travelmakertours.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Ferdinand-I-Royal-Family-of-Romania-min.jpeg",
"https://travelmakertours.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/King-Michael-I-of-Romania-1024x1024.jpg",
"https://travelmakertours.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/iata.png",
"https://travelmakertours.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/incoming.png",
"https://demo.goodlayers.com/traveltour/main4/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/creditcard-logo.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Raluca Ursu"
] |
2020-10-14T13:52:08+00:00
|
Romania has quite an interesting history. This is why we decided to write an article and walk you through the history of the Romanian royal family.
|
en
|
TravelMaker
|
https://travelmakertours.com/the-story-of-the-romanian-royal-family-a-journey-into-the-past/
|
The Romanian Royal Family, a branch of the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen dynasty, has a fascinating history that many foreign tourists are unaware of.
We have decided to write an article to take you through the history of the Romanian Royal Family. Romania was a constitutional monarchy from 1881 until 1947 when it was proclaimed a socialist republic. But let’s begin from the very start, shall we?
How Carol I Became the First King of Romania
On February 23rd, 1866, the Conservatives and radical Liberals forced Alexandru Ioan Cuza, the prince of Moldavia and Wallachia, to abdicate.
At that time, Romania stood as a principality with Bucharest as its capital.
This significant event prompted Romanian politicians to initiate a search for a replacement for Alexandru Ioan Cuza.
The liberals and conservatives jointly determined that, in order to maintain the country’s stability and unity, established in 1859, they must select a foreign prince.
When Philip of Flanders declined the offer, liberal leaders Ion C. Brătianu and C.A. Rosetti traveled to Germany, where Carol, the son of Prince Karl Anton Carol of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, accepted their proposal to become the prince of Romania.
This decision was supported by France, through Napoleon, and also by the King of Prussia.
On May 10th, 1866, Carol, a member of the Romanian Royal Family, arrived in Bucharest, marking the commencement of Romania’s National Day during the years 1866-1916 and 1918-1947. Although Carol, a German by origin, faced opposition from some due to his foreign heritage, several significant contributions to the nation can be attributed to his rule. His chief achievements encompassed the construction of a vital rail link connecting Fetesti and Cernavoda across the Borcea arm and the Danube, the establishment of a comprehensive railway system, the creation of agricultural credit banks, the expansion and modernization of the military, and the construction of schools, churches, and royal estates.
Path to Independence and Legacy
Prince Carol I played a pivotal role in Romania’s victory in the Independence War against the Ottoman Empire in 1877, as he commanded the troops. Following Romania’s independence, the country proclaimed itself a kingdom in 1881, with Carol I assuming the position of the first king of Romania. Carol I’s reign spanned 48 years, making it the lengthiest reign in Romanian history. He passed away in 1914. He was married to Elisabeth of Wied, who became the queen and was also renowned by her literary name, Carmen Sylva. Regrettably, their sole child, a daughter, passed away before reaching the age of four. In the absence of a male heir, the succession to the throne had to be determined from among Carol’s family members.
Ferdinand I: The Second King of Romania and His Role in the Romanian Royal Family
Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Carol’s brother, had three sons: Wilhelm, Ferdinand and Karl.
Because Leopold and Willhelm renounced their succession rights to the throne, Ferdinand, the nephew of King Carol I, became the heir to the throne.
British princess Marie of Edinburgh, Queen Victoria’s granddaughter, was his spouse, and they had six children: Carol, Nicolae, Elisabeth, Maria, Ileana, and Mircea.
Ferdinand initiated his rule at the onset of World War I, a tumultuous period for Romania. A mere two months prior to King Carol I’s demise, he expressed his desire for Romania to align with Germany at the war’s outset.
At that time, the Romanians already had a history with the Entente, which consisted of the French Republic, the British Empire, and the Russian Empire. Nevertheless, Carol found himself compelled to embrace a policy of neutrality.
The Decision to Join the Allies
Nonetheless, this represented only a temporary resolution, as Romania was destined to take a side one way or another.
Ferdinand I faced mounting pressure, both from the populace and his wife. Marie actively championed the Entente cause, and in the summer of 1916, Ferdinand declared war on Germany and chose to align Romania with the Allied Powers.
Romania lost a lot of people during the war because the army lacked a solid strategy. By 1917, the only territory which was left for them to protect was the region of Moldavia.
At the end of WWI, Romania became Greater Romania by becoming united with Transylvania, Bukovina, and Bessarabia, which was an outcome not many people believed could happen. It was all due to the Treaty of Versailles.
In 1922, Ferdinand I and Marie were officially crowned King and Queen of Greater Romania.
Ferdinand died in 1927, which meant the throne would go to his eldest son, Carol II. But things got a little complicated.
Michael I’s Ascension to the Romanian Throne at the Age of 6
Carol II, Ferdinand’s son, held the most controversial history within the Romanian Royal Family.
First, the Romanian Supreme Court annulled his secret marriage to Zizi Lambrino. Then, external pressure compelled him to wed Greek princess Elena, who gave birth to their son, Michael.
Carol II, eventually, renounced the throne in favor of Elena Lupescu, a socialite with whom he had an affair in the 20s. In 1925, he relocated to Paris with her, and a parliamentary act designated Michael, his son, as the heir to the throne.
This is the tale of how, following Ferdinand’s demise, Michael ascended to the Romanian throne at the tender age of six.
Carol II, the Third Real King of Romania
Because Michael was a child at that time, the law required a board of regents to govern the country. Prince Nicholas (Carol II’s brother), Patriarch Miron Cristea, and the first president of the Court of Cassation, Gheorghe Buzdugan, formed this board.
A long regency’s potential impact on the country’s stability prompted a group of politicians to pressure Carol II to return to Romania in 1930.
June 8th, 1930, Carol II is proclaimed king
He aggressively approached the democratic system and, in 1938, he established Romania as an absolute monarchy by dissolving the political parties. He also transformed the 1923 Constitution to grant the king more power.
Under Carol II’s reign, Romania achieved its highest economic development.
Nevertheless, the Soviet Union acquired Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina from Romania due to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi-Soviet Pact.
General Ion Antonescu forced Carol II to abdicate during this period.
As a result, Michael reclaimed the throne as king once again.
Michael’s Second Reign
At that time, he was 19 years old and, on the first day, he signed a decree granting General Ion Antonescu full powers to govern the country. As previously mentioned, the king had to attain maturity of both mind and age to participate in political affairs.
Additionally, Antonescu held the belief that Michael lacked the necessary experience to make decisions during wartime, which prompted him to seize control.
In 1941, Romania declared war on the Soviet Union to reclaim Bessarabia. By 1944, King Michael I sought to negotiate peace with the Allies due to the inevitability of Soviet conquest.
He initiated a coup against Antonescu, resulting in his arrest. Despite Michael’s attempts to reinstate democratic rule in Romania, he proved unable to do so because of the stronger presence of the Communist Party.
In 1945, the king was forced by the Soviet Union to appoint a government ruled by Petru Groza. Michael remained more of a figurehead until the end of his reign.
Because the communists gained enough power, they were able to force the king to abdicate and leave the country.
Michael I’s Forced Abdication by Communists
In November 1947, he traveled to London for a wedding and met his wife, Princess Anne of Bourbon-Parma. Although he was offered asylum, he declined and returned to Romania.
However, on December 30th, Petru Groza summoned him to Bucharest. Upon his arrival, troops surrounded the Elisabeta Palace in Bucharest, and Groza and Communist Party leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej were waiting for him.
At that moment, Michael was compelled to abdicate as they held a gun to his head. The communists also issued threats, stating that the 1,000 students they had in prison would die if he refused, and they would order a bloodbath.
Following his exile, he married Princess Anne of Bourbon-Parma in Athens and had five daughters.
King Michael I was finally allowed to return to Romania
In 1990, the people removed the communists from power, and King Michael came to Romania to visit his family’s tomb. However, authorities stopped him on the highway and compelled him to leave the country.
It was only in 1997 that Emil Constantinescu, the president at that time, allowed Michael to return to the country by granting him Romanian citizenship and reinstating his visa.
Michael, the last king of the Romanian royal family, passed away on December 5th, 2017, at his residence in Switzerland at the age of 96.
Now, let’s explore the royal family’s residences over the years, which have since become popular tourist attractions steeped in history.
Elisabeta Palace. This is the official residence and it’s located in Bucharest.
The Royal Domain of Sinaia. It includes Peles Castle, Pelisor Castle, Foisor Castle, a royal sheepfold, and a large forest area.
Cotroceni Palace. Today, it serves as the official residence of the President of Romania.
Bran Castle. In 1920, it was gifted to Queen Marie of Romania by Brasov’s Town Council.
Balchik Palace. This is located in Bulgaria and it was the summer residence of Queen Marie.
Thousands of eager tourists visit these attractions every year to learn more about the history of the Romanian royal family. We encourage all of you to explore these incredible places on your next trip to Romania, selecting one or more of the numerous tours we provide. We have ensured the inclusion of the remarkable residences that are or have been a part of the royal family.
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 91
|
https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/
|
en
|
Romania: birth of the Royal House - 150 years
|
[
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/logo.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/assets/components/phpthumbof/cache/National%20Archives%20of%20Romania%2C%20Bucharest%2C%20collection%20Photographical%20Documents_II%202264.56d136573be2105796bbbf1bcc5167ab.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/assets/components/phpthumbof/cache/National%20Archives%20of%20Romania%2C%20Bucharest%2C%20fond%20Royal%20House_Miscelanee_4%202.eec0422a8c8a8dac1681697d4266dcc1.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/assets/components/phpthumbof/cache/National%20Archives%20of%20Romania%2C%20Bucharest%2C%20collection%20Stamps_472.tif.crdownload.048b95cba17401693ab8bd09bfd203c7.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/assets/components/phpthumbof/cache/National%20Archives%20of%20Romania%2C%20Bucharest%2C%20collection%20Photographical%20Documents_II%2029.33cde3e7d43d2f48feb471e2fe61c7cd.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/assets/components/phpthumbof/cache/National%20Archives%20of%20Romania%2C%20Bucharest%2C%20collection%20Photographical%20Documents_II%204756.c119bfafd1ce697f13ce391b33914a8f.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/assets/components/phpthumbof/cache/National%20Archives%20of%20Romania%2C%20Bucharest%2C%20collection%20Photographical%20Documents_A40_F82.ee517c3d89d936193ad89b7ebeeb27eb.jpg",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/licences/RS-InC.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/licences/RS-InC.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/licences/RS-InC.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/licences/RS-InC.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/licences/RS-InC.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/explore/highlights/highlight-birth-of-royal-house-romania/assets/images/licences/RS-InC.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/uploads/footer-logos/ICTPSP_logo.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/uploads/footer-logos/EU_flag.png",
"https://www.archivesportaleurope.net/uploads/footer-logos/Connected2Europeana.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Archives Portal Europe"
] | null |
en
|
/assets/images/favicon.ico
|
Archives Portal Europe
| null |
After the abdication of Alexandru Ioan Cuza, the ruler of Romanian United Principalities (Valachia and Moldavia), by a palace coup d´état, and based on Napoleon III´s suggestion (strong sustainer of the Romanian national union and emblematic for the Romanian politicians of those time, considering that Romania was strongly influenced by French culture), Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was chosen as his succesor. The second son of Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Princess Josephine of Baden, he was described as a perfect soldier, healthy and disciplined, and also a very good politician with liberal ideas. Travelling to Romania was a huge challenge for him. Because of the political conflict between Prussia and the Austrian Empire, Karl came to Romania incognito, from Düsseldorf to Baziaș, through Switzerland. He received there a Swiss passport on the fake name Carl Hettingen and these features: "26 years old, shoes size 5, slim stature, black hair and eyebrows, gray eyes, pointed nose, normal size mouth, round chin, brown beard, oblong face and wears glasses".
In Romania, he was accompanied to Bucharest by Brătianu, a significant Romanian political figure. Reaching Bucharest, the prince was welcomed by a huge crowd (more curious about to the new ruler, then enthusiastic) and received the keys to the capital city (May 10/22, 1866). It was a rainy day after a long period of drought, apparently a very favorable sign (first proof for the prince that he entered into a world full of superstitions and omens). In this enviroment, Karl swore this oath: "I swear to guard the laws of Romania, to maintain the rights of its People and the integrity of its territory." - he spoke in French, as he did not speak Romanian. However, he endeared himself to his adopted country by endorsing the Romanian spelling of his name, Carol.
In the collective memory King Carol I is remembered as a cold and austere person, but always fair. He was permanently concerned with the prestige of the dynasty he had founded. His wife, Elizabeth - widely known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva, said he "wore the crown in his sleep", too. He was very meticulous, never late and he tried to impose his style upon his entourage. He was the initiator of the first Constitution, adopted by Romanian Parliament on June 29, 1866 - one of the most advanced constitutions for that time – inspired by Belgian pattern, which allowed the development and evolution of the Romanian state, by choosing to ignore the nominal suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, which led to the real independence in 1877.
You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers). This filter will only include materials with "Full dates", i.e. those that include date information available for date-based searches. You can either search for a specific date of interest or focus step by step on the time span of a century, decade, year or month. When searching for a specific date, enter the date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01/01/1900 for 1 January 1900, via the calendar function or by typing directly in the text field.
This filter concentrates on the earliest dates mentioned in the materials.
You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers). This filter will only include materials with "Full dates", i.e. those that include date information available for date-based searches. You can either search for a specific date of interest or focus step by step on the time span of a century, decade, year or month. When searching for a specific date, enter the date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01/01/1900 for 1 January 1900, via the calendar function or by typing directly in the text field.
This filter concentrates on the latest dates mentioned in the materials.
This object has been identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.
You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights .
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 88
|
https://www.instagram.com/p/Cs7DO7nrpvh/
|
en
|
Instagram
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
| null | ||||||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 30
|
https://tourinromania.com/reasons-to-visit-romania/the-first-king-of-romania-king-carol-i
|
en
|
👑 The First King of Romania: King Carol I
|
[
"https://tourinromania.com/img/logo.png",
"https://tourinromania.com/img/logo_sticky.png",
"https://tourinromania.com/media/686/responsive-images/statue-of-the-king-carol-I___media_library_original_853_426.jpg 853w, /media/686/responsive-images/statue-of-the-king-carol-I___media_library_original_713_356.jpg 713w, /media/686/responsive-images/statue-of-the-king-carol-I___media_library_original_597_298.jpg 597w, /media/686/responsive-images/statue-of-the-king-carol-I___media_library_original_499_249.jpg 499w, /media/686/responsive-images/statue-of-the-king-carol-I___media_library_original_417_208.jpg 417w, /media/686/responsive-images/statue-of-the-king-carol-I___media_library_original_349_174.jpg 349w, /media/686/responsive-images/statue-of-the-king-carol-I___media_library_original_292_146.jpg 292w, /media/686/responsive-images/statue-of-the-king-carol-I___media_library_original_244_122.jpg 244w, /media/686/responsive-images/statue-of-the-king-carol-I___media_library_original_204_102.jpg 204w, data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 32w",
"https://tourinromania.com/img/logo.png",
"https://tourinromania.com/img/cards_all.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
King Carol I was born in 1839 and he first ruled as Prince, then King. He ruled until his death in 1914. Let's learn more about King Carol I.
|
en
|
/img/favicon.png
|
https://tourinromania.com/reasons-to-visit-romania/the-first-king-of-romania-king-carol-i
|
King Carol I, born Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig, Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, ruled in Romania from 1866 to 1914. He was born in 1839 and he first ruled as Prince, then King. He ruled until his death in 1914. The dynasty that he was a part of (the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen dynasty) ruled Romania until the country became a republic in 1947.
King Carol I was born in Sigmaringen, Prussia, which is present-day Germany. He was born on April 20, 1839 to Catholic parents. Upon completion of elementary studies, he entered the Cadet School in Münster.
After that, when he was 18 years old, he went to Berlin to study at the Artillery School. He then became a Prussian officer and fought in the Second Schleswig War. He participated in the assault of Fredericia citadel and Dybbøl. These experiences would later serve him well as he embarked on the Russo-Turkish War.
Carol I was thin and of average stature, but was said to have been an amazing soldier. He was healthy and very disciplined. More than being an exceptional soldier, Carol I was a well-rounded person. He spoke several European languages and he was a very good politician. He was a people person and he had liberal ideas.
He also had good relations with other rulers of Europe. His family was related to the Bonaparte family – one of his grandmothers was a Beauharnais, and the other was a Murat. All of these details would help him to later become ruler of Romania.
Downfall and Exile of Alexandru Ioan Cuza
Before Carol I became King, Alexandru Ioan Cuza (anglicized as Alexander John Cuza) was Domnitor (Ruler) of the Romanian Principalities. Cuza did many great things for Romania, namely uniting the principalities. He was originally King of Wallachia and King of Moldavia, but he was able to proclaim unification.
What had happened was he was elected as both King of Wallachia and King of Moldavia at the same time, during the same election cycle, so he decided that the two lands would be unified. Other European countries accepted Romania as one, and so it was official.
Cuza also introduced agrarian reform with the eradication of serfdom. This, however, turned out to be his downfall. Landowners, the wealthy, and conservatives did not like these reforms and decided to oust Cuza in 1866. Tensions had also been growing because of a scandal due to his relations with a mistress: Maria Catargiu-Obrenovic. With his ousting, the people invited in their new king: King Carol I.
King Carol I’s Reign
When King Carol I arrived in Romania, the country was in political turmoil. Cuza had united Wallachia and Moldavia, but other European powers did not want to accept King Carol I as King of both. Another problem was that, even though Romania’s political leaders had chosen King Carol I as their new King, Carol I was not their first choice. Actually, some of the prominent leaders originally approached Philip of Flanders, who was the brother of King Leopold II of Belgium.
Philip knew the French would not view it favorably for him to reign over Romania. Not only that, but just a few years earlier, Philip had turned down the throne of Greece. He decided to turn down this opportunity too. That is when Napoleon III suggested Carol I, Philip’s brother-in-law. The French at the time had strong influence over Romania, and so the Romanian politicians gave in to this suggestion and brought in Carol I as King.
Carol was elected King on April 20, 1866 and was crowned on May 10th of that year. When he was crowned, he addressed the crowd in French, because he had not learned Romanian yet. Still, he was accepting of Romanian culture and had is name Romanianized, spelling it as Carol rather than his birth name Karl. Luckily, Romanian is another Romance language and Carol was quickly able to pick up the new tongue.
Two months after King Carol I arrived in Romania, in June of 1866, the Romanian Parliament adopted the 1866 Constitution of Romania. It was modeled after the Constitution of Belgium, which was signed in 1831. Romania’s constitution guaranteed private property, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, abolished the death penalty during peace time, and created a separation of powers of the government.
Even though the constitution was in many ways very liberal, it also banned non-Christians from becoming citizens, which mostly negatively affected the Jewish community. The Constitution also made King Carol I’s male descendants heirs of the throne, and required that his descendants be raised as Eastern Orthodox Christians.
The War of Independence (1877-1878)
Anti-Ottoman revolts occurred in several Balkan countries from 1875-1877. Up until this time, the Principality of Romania was formally under Turkish rule. However, on May 10, 1877, Parliament voted, and Romania declared itself independent.
The Treaty of Berlin was signed after the war, on July 13, 1878. The treaty officially declared Romania independent. Thus, the Kingdom of Romania was born. Up until this point, King Carol I was technically just a prince. Indeed, he was declared a prince even in the Constitution of 1866. Once the treaty was signed, he became a King. The Constitution was then amended to reflect this change and Carol’s new title.
King Carol I’s Death
After ruling over Romania for a long 48 years, King Carol I’s time came to an end. He died in 1914, likely due to the stress of World War I. He had married Princess Elizabeth of Wied in 1869, but the couple had only had one daughter, Princess Maria, who died at a mere four years old.
Succession was of great concern to the Romanian government, and it was supposed to be King Carol I’s bloodline that continued as rulers of Romania. King Carol I’s older brother, Leopold, had declined the throne of Romania. Leopold’s oldest son, William, had also declined the throne. Finally, Leopold’s second son, Ferdinand, was named Prince of Romania in 1914.
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 85
|
https://www.instagram.com/_ardenconroy_/p/CrDvCj8AmET/
|
en
|
Instagram
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
| null | ||||||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 6
|
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/elisabeth-of-wied.html
|
en
|
res stock photography and images
|
[
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy-black.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy-black.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/mastercard.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/visa.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/amex.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/paypal.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/apple-pay.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/google-pay.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Alamy Limited"
] | null |
Find the perfect elisabeth of wied stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Available for both RF and RM licensing.
|
en
|
Alamy
|
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/elisabeth-of-wied.html
|
Alamy and its logo are trademarks of Alamy Ltd. and are registered in certain countries. Copyright © 21/08/2024 Alamy Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 24
|
https://royalwatcherblog.com/2023/03/14/princess-marie-elisabeth-zu-wieds-diamond-tiara/
|
en
|
Princess Marie Elisabeth zu Wied’s Diamond Tiara
|
[
"https://cdn-0.royalwatcherblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/unnamed-file-2.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/67a64a922f5da6dbfdfcbc2a4191add1/4deeb1344be7c37a-57/s1280x1920/93795354a4576c86b1d15bb58e958ca3a39a10ea.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/ba60b5d107ef773ee4424d0e55247a58/4deeb1344be7c37a-cb/s1280x1920/05400e633350c6386c6d2a8b6e805d0ba7718eb9.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/8ce18b2757a2d78edf96427876f9f9e4/4deeb1344be7c37a-b3/s1280x1920/72353e203a909885b4e7443f9bcdba835e595efa.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/b9cd87bac2661d76694066edc3d39b26/4deeb1344be7c37a-fc/s1280x1920/43792babc4ddbc35099793862d04b35bdebb66ce.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/f6a368ae8ef7ec8a162f337bd62ad4b8/4deeb1344be7c37a-2a/s400x600/956eb240695d52f303871d94df53134ca010d512.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/c2fc3c1014030df051ca5c5708ee4d16/4deeb1344be7c37a-e3/s250x400/5a4dee06b9aec70ec5fadc2ab10f4b257d3592c5.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/2f34f9169d284168fa7341a18192002b/4deeb1344be7c37a-29/s1280x1920/b560367c7842fc38df7fd6c8da2f0d6d4d22a0dc.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/acbc56d2cab3c9ed3346bb9bb17b3bea/4deeb1344be7c37a-c6/s1280x1920/07d1fdb9889588def64b67be55debc81a69bc5ec.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/8dde808722a1ef1c5b3167e57eb4f105/4deeb1344be7c37a-7b/s1280x1920/465009a2a357c5fbd7ed161d7e37a1a527bc1fe7.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/6fd5eb28b793b491bfcb494dc4c8de87/4deeb1344be7c37a-9e/s1280x1920/6e40b5b75063e19b3dc329956804f0594668a412.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/c595b46e9c53a6bebaef794c24079c6b/4deeb1344be7c37a-51/s1280x1920/474b4cca031d9b56f654407a6a743a3e05847bbd.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/f9e539bf32645927e788a81b8c461625/4deeb1344be7c37a-de/s1280x1920/1df3369b1357be42822a1b4dcf7ddcc1b8f4c4b9.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/53a53f9c32f843f931d5376aa04a427c/4deeb1344be7c37a-74/s1280x1920/26e4050a2f0baf748aa31075c39d60925bc4a3cb.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/da767bf8993cfa0d0e19cb2d9a1771d6/4deeb1344be7c37a-d6/s1280x1920/d979ad284d0707eb2c8c246687d8af576a66c8a8.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/8fb43164c2c0a253cd89ed3f78493085/4deeb1344be7c37a-78/s500x750/01ef573811ce4374c68eda876f8aa30cdd52475f.png",
"https://cdn-0.royalwatcherblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/14-.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/royalwatcherblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Countess-of-Airlie-.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/royalwatcherblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/PM.Ruby_.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/royalwatcherblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/20.W.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/royalwatcherblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/9-1-1.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/royalwatcherblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Pal-Habsburg-Wedding-.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Saad719"
] |
2023-03-14T00:00:00
|
Today marks the 110th Anniversary of the Birth of the Princess Marie Elisabeth zu Wied, who was born on this day in 1913! The daughter of the Second World War German Ambassador to Sweden, who then settled in Sweden, becoming a children’s book author and a close friend of the Swedish Royal Family, Princess Marie
|
en
|
The Royal Watcher -
|
https://royalwatcherblog.com/2023/03/14/princess-marie-elisabeth-zu-wieds-diamond-tiara/
|
Today marks the 110th Anniversary of the Birth of the Princess Marie Elisabeth zu Wied, who was born on this day in 1913! The daughter of the Second World War German Ambassador to Sweden, who then settled in Sweden, becoming a children’s book author and a close friend of the Swedish Royal Family, Princess Marie Elisabeth zu Wied was often seen wearing this heirloom Diamond Tiara!
A striking jewel of geometric circles and loops in a Belle Époque design, this Tiara dates from the 1910s, and seem to have been made for when Countess Gisela of Solms-Wildenfels married Prince Viktor zu Wied in 1912, as it was worn on their wedding day.
Princess Gisela also wore the Tiara for an event at a later date, possibly after Prince Viktor was made the German Envoy to Sweden in 1933, a post which he held until 1943, passing away in 1946 in British captivity.
After the Second World War, the Diamond Tiara was usually seen on Princess Marie Elisabeth zu Wied, the elder daughter of Prince Viktor and Princess Gisela, who had settled in Sweden following her father’s death and become close to the Swedish Royal Family, with Princess Christina encouraging Princess ‘Malibeth’ as she was called by the family, to publish her stories in what became ten children’s books. Princess Marie Elisabeth zu Wied notably wore the Diamond Tiara during the British State Visit to Sweden in 1956 as well as for the Order of Amaranth Ball, alongside numerous Gala Events and Banquets, as well as a few portraits, like the one published on the cover of her autobiography: ‘En fläkt från det förgångna’
Princess Marie Elisabeth was a regular presence at various Banquets held at the Royal Palace of Stockholm through the 1960s and the 1970s, wearing the Diamond Tiara for Representation Dinners and Nobel Banquets, as well as for King Gustaf VI Adolf’s 90th Birthday Banquet in 1972, at the Wedding of Princess Christina of Sweden in 1974, and likely for King Carl XVI Gustaf’s Wedding Gala 1976.
Princess Marie Elisabeth continued to remain close the the Swedish Royal Family in old age, with her last appearance in the Diamond Tiara at a Representation Dinner at the Royal Palace of Stockholm in early March 1985, just a few weeks before she passed away that month. The Princess never married and had no children, but her only sister, Princess Benigna, Freiin von Schlotheim, had two daughters, and the Tiara could have been inherited by them, but its fate is unknown!
A huge thanks to our friend Jakob for his help in researching this article!
Share this:
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 71
|
https://www.mauritius-images.com/en/asset/ME-PI-2636070_mauritius_images_image_number_06555118_elisabeth-of-wied-1843-1916-queen-consort-of-romania-through-her-marriage-to-king-carol-i-portrait
|
en
|
mauritius images
|
[
"https://www.mauritius-images.com/assets/img/mauritius-images-icon.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/public/apple-icon-57x57.png
| null | |||||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 68
|
https://www.rct.uk/collection/2908545/king-karl-i-of-romania-1839-1914
|
en
|
King Karl I of Romania (1839
|
[
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/logo.911c3366.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/down-arrow.49a9c909.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/down-arrow.49a9c909.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/down-arrow.49a9c909.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/down-arrow.49a9c909.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/trolley.0e02cdf1.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/mobile-menu-icon.dd74d765.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/loader.7fd276f2.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/facebook.03ff5e1b.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/instagram-gradient.51d150ed.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/yt_icon_rgb.f955afdc.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/x.c6568671.svg",
"https://www.rct.uk/_next/static/media/contact.6649d275.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Carte-de-visite half length photograph of King Karl I of Romania. The subject is shown in three quarter view, facing towards the left of the image. He has dark hair arranged in a centre parting and a full beard and moustache. He is wearing military uniform adorned with various insignia and a row of eight medals on his left breast, a mandarin collar, epaulettes and fastened up the front with a row of gilt buttons.Karl was the second son of Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Princess...
|
en
| null |
Keep in touch
Sign up to e-mail updates for the latest news, exclusive events and 15% off in our online shop.
We will look after your data in accordance with our Privacy Notice.
|
||||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 11
|
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php%3Ffbid%3D122160536858232258%26set%3Da.122135335760232258%26type%3D3
|
en
|
Facebook
|
https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico
|
https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico
|
[
"https://facebook.com/security/hsts-pixel.gif?c=3.2"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Sieh dir auf Facebook Beiträge, Fotos und vieles mehr an.
|
de
|
https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico
|
https://www.facebook.com/login/
| ||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 4
|
https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/house-of-hohenzollern-sigmaringen-queen-elisabeth-elisabeth-of-wied/
|
en
|
Queen Elisabeth (Elisabeth of Wied)
|
[
"https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/vizita-principelui-radu-al-romaniei-la-neuwied-foto-daniel-angelescu-6-septembrie-2016-4.jpg?w=858",
"https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/elisabeth-of-wied-dress-museum-of-decorative-arts-in-prague-front.jpg",
"https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/elisabeth-of-wied-dress-museum-of-decorative-arts-in-prague-three-quarter-front.jpg",
"https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/imgbin_social-media-computer-icons-png.png",
"https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/imgbin_playland-pacific-national-exhibition-picsart-photo-studio-social-media-computer-icons-png.png",
"https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/the_graphic__an_illustrated_weekly_newspaper_sat__nov_16__1889_copy.jpg?w=800&h=600&crop=1",
"https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0c6c55b541c85de5e6ccb297c3557f12275ff4005a88923ca8ce0343b4ba5d77?s=48&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/princess-sophie-of-prussia-duke-of-sparta-wedding-the-graphic.jpg?w=1200&h=900&crop=1",
"https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0c6c55b541c85de5e6ccb297c3557f12275ff4005a88923ca8ce0343b4ba5d77?s=48&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/empress-teimei.jpg?w=1200&h=900&crop=1",
"https://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0c6c55b541c85de5e6ccb297c3557f12275ff4005a88923ca8ce0343b4ba5d77?s=48&d=identicon&r=G",
"https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png",
"https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Faiza Mahmud"
] |
2022-12-15T20:58:11+00:00
|
Elisabeth of Wied (1843-1916), consort of King Carol I of Romania. Eldest child of Hermann, Prince of Wied and Princess Marie of Nassau. Married in 1869. Had demonstrated a facility for languages early in life and was an accomplished pianist, but her interests were literary, with a focus on poetry and folklore that developed in…
|
en
|
https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico
|
Her-storic Royal Dress
|
https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/house-of-hohenzollern-sigmaringen-queen-elisabeth-elisabeth-of-wied/
|
Elisabeth of Wied (1843-1916), consort of King Carol I of Romania. Eldest child of Hermann, Prince of Wied and Princess Marie of Nassau. Married in 1869. Had demonstrated a facility for languages early in life and was an accomplished pianist, but her interests were literary, with a focus on poetry and folklore that developed in part from her exposure to Romanian legends and ballads. Was a prolific writer who went by the pen name of “Carmen Sylva.” Crowned as the first Queen of Romania in 1881, the year in which Romania was declared a kingdom.
Figure 1.1. Artist unknown, Queen Elisabeth of Romania, n.d., Roentgen-Museum Neuwied, Neuwied, source: Wikimedia Commons.
Princess Sophie of Prussia’s Trousseau (Part I)
Princess Sophie of Prussia (1870-1932) married Crown Prince Constantine of Greece (1868-1923) amid great pomp and splendour in Athens in 1889. Her wedding dress of imitation Venetian lace and silver brocade, which I discussed in my previous post, and her trousseau were worthy of a future Queen of the Hellenes, if the accounts in the…
Princess Sophie of Prussia’s Wedding Ensemble
On October 27, 1889, Princess Sophie of Prussia (1870-1932) married Crown Prince Constantine of Greece (1868-1923), also known as the Duke of Sparta, in Athens. The third daughter of Frederick III, German Emperor (1831-88) and Victoria, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom (1840-1901), the bride was also a granddaughter of Queen Victoria (1819-1901). The bridegroom,…
A Court Dress for New Year’s in Imperial Japan
On December 31st, most people like to gather together for the countdown to midnight, which customarily involves confetti, the descent of a crystal ball (in Times Square, New York), fireworks or the singing of “Auld Lang Syne,” or some combination of the above. In Imperial Japan, however, New Year’s eve must have seen many a…
|
||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 49
|
https://royalwatcherblog.com/2023/12/29/queen-elisabeth-of-romanias-pearl-tiara/
|
en
|
Queen Elisabeth of Romania’s Pearl Tiara
|
[
"https://cdn-0.royalwatcherblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/unnamed-file-2.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/b4a463072ca4e394919963a728d1a0c0/3c7dff039ee3a762-e6/s1280x1920/748278f2943dbe27a75287193e4e6d4dcc6e8c7d.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/145aa55dcc9e1310c8efc4de48ef0bd6/3c7dff039ee3a762-fd/s1280x1920/5e87e757d4e84adae4f8d18964169f42ab96b632.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/8713b8536d8e21dd37314ac269f2918d/3c7dff039ee3a762-a1/s1280x1920/333dfdac12b607a00db6187ba4848e70a4a444ce.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/fff0c5478471e25b643881552c77ea09/3c7dff039ee3a762-f7/s1280x1920/1c4436680fb2b6082173ec29e8e1abe2919d0d3b.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/dc8d0be8a9faae609dcef2daa5e8ca18/3c7dff039ee3a762-f0/s1280x1920/02c1f3e1de1ea9a868fa30abdcf52a284dc39a86.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/8d4fc6a5ae5b4623d9f82e96c110b904/3c7dff039ee3a762-33/s1280x1920/a448e4c06820982935485b96005172a455f4b42c.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/00c0a0bfe4e5bf552f00b363e3dcd570/3c7dff039ee3a762-5b/s640x960/9e8d2648eb99ab48a766cd5f6dd2db0322d67a83.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/1984157029f10bab633cf5f88c5f44fa/3c7dff039ee3a762-44/s1280x1920/6f1f60ec37239d6dbd272d1799f42b14a36acd61.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/28b359de6537166cc62ef4cf4f1640ff/3c7dff039ee3a762-a8/s1280x1920/621959643de14c6323ffb1ca635fe539fbf3a6fe.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/7b28a2346a1b199a3aae7836424314c7/3c7dff039ee3a762-a4/s1280x1920/bb7aed453687e085beb9fa85fe4d63f5446f3e55.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/64.media.tumblr.com/6e69b40573f1f051e9d403e7472f922f/6fcb3bee0b992ab1-0f/s540x810/2d0b8a7b0673f876dfc728da618689c4904c3a03.jpg?resize=656%2C900&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/64.media.tumblr.com/09d1f6b1d78f4876efd5f8b11437f668/dc6f2dbe70324e6e-aa/s540x810/8297fae3965b3baae9b11304cd5f3bb01a42bc7f.jpg?resize=656%2C899&ssl=1",
"https://cdn-0.royalwatcherblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/29-.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/64e565518a58c4bb4dd4cd35c1af8011/3c7dff039ee3a762-b6/s1280x1920/fef0742b2610fce23d0d60d8187463266a1233d0.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/64.media.tumblr.com/64cbdd030908326f9c46f8f4c0611fa0/89fdb4f604560b84-b7/s2048x3072/61f01a54c5105beaaad51dec8f06a81be8bc6bce.jpg?w=656&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/64.media.tumblr.com/6e69b40573f1f051e9d403e7472f922f/6fcb3bee0b992ab1-0f/s540x810/2d0b8a7b0673f876dfc728da618689c4904c3a03.jpg?resize=656%2C900&ssl=1",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/7d8215fc2f36fbc67941e09362af046a/3c7dff039ee3a762-52/s1280x1920/433411a634f452a1b7615a49dc95459d910d7907.jpg",
"https://64.media.tumblr.com/acaadeb508e5f1de59dca9847aeeb862/3c7dff039ee3a762-5e/s1280x1920/ec8bad447d6c402b2b683cd15385def0a14e6bef.jpg",
"https://i0.wp.com/64.media.tumblr.com/3194c667841ba6972354a8b8e40a38d9/tumblr_nvkrcoYGtU1s14faro1_r6_500.jpg?resize=656%2C1055&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/royalwatcherblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Countess-of-Airlie-.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/royalwatcherblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/PM.Ruby_.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/royalwatcherblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/20.W.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/royalwatcherblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/9-1-1.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/royalwatcherblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Pal-Habsburg-Wedding-.jpg?resize=40%2C40&ssl=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Saad719"
] |
2023-12-29T00:00:00
|
Today marks the 180th Anniversary of the Birth of Queen Elisabeth of Romania, who was born on this day in 1843! The artistic first Romanian Queen who was a prolific writer under the name Carmen Sylva, Queen Elisabeth’s Pearl Tiara was her most spectacular jewel! Vladimir Sapphire Kokoshnik | Romanian Massin Tiara | Diamond Loop Tiara | Pearl Tiara | Cartier Sapphire Pendant | Diamond
|
en
|
The Royal Watcher -
|
https://royalwatcherblog.com/2023/12/29/queen-elisabeth-of-romanias-pearl-tiara/
|
Today marks the 180th Anniversary of the Birth of Queen Elisabeth of Romania, who was born on this day in 1843! The artistic first Romanian Queen who was a prolific writer under the name Carmen Sylva, Queen Elisabeth’s Pearl Tiara was her most spectacular jewel!
Vladimir Sapphire Kokoshnik | Romanian Massin Tiara | Diamond Loop Tiara | Pearl Tiara | Cartier Sapphire Pendant | Diamond Sautoir
When the reigning Prince Carol of Romania married Princess Elisabeth of Wied in 1869, the bride received this spectacular Pearl and Diamond Tiara, featuring 16 large upright pearls, made by Oscar Massin, from the Romania Aristocratic Ladies Association.
Prince Carol became King of Romania in 1881, but the Tiara was worn on numerous occasions and for official portraits by Queen Elisabeth through the 1870s and 1880s, following which the Queen largely retired to purse her her writing, under the name Carmen Sylva.
King Carol and Queen Elisabeth had no surviving children, so his heir was his nephew, Prince Ferdinand, who had married Princess Marie of Edinburgh, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. In the late 1900s, Queen Elisabeth gave the Massin Tiara to Crown Princess Marie who wore it for numerous portraits soon afterwards.
Crown Princess Marie wore Queen Elisabeth’s Massin Tiara through the early 1910s, especially as events left to King Carol’s death and King’s Ferdinand’s Accession.
With the outbreak of the First World War, which Romania joined in 1916, Queen Marie sent all of jewels, including Queen Elisabeth’s Massin Tiara, along with Romania’s gold reserves to Russia for safekeeping, especially as much of Romania was soon occupied and the Royal Family had to retreat to Moldavia. However, while Romania emerged victorious from the War and almost doubled its territory, thanks to Queen Marie’s efforts, Russia had undergone their Revolutions, and the Bolsheviks had confiscated Queen Marie’s Jewels, which were never returned. Efforts to recover the jewels have been made as recently as 2018, but their eventual fate is unknown. Queen Marie later recalled:
I took a quite childish pleasure in my new dresses and beautiful jewels. Mama had been extraordinarily prodigal, giving many of her own magnificent Russian gems. These have all now been annexed by the Bolsheviks. It was difficult to realise that they were all mine.
To replace her jewellery collection, Queen Marie had to acquire the Vladimir Sapphire Kokoshnik, a Pearl Tiara, a massive Cartier Sapphire Pendant and a Diamond Sautoir among other jewels.
Vladimir Sapphire Kokoshnik | Romanian Massin Tiara | Fringe Tiara | Diamond Loop Tiara | Pearl Tiara | Cartier Sapphire Pendant | Diamond Sautoir
Vladimir Sapphire Kokoshnik
Romanian Massin Tiara
Fringe Tiara
Diamond Loop Tiara
Cartier Pearl Tiara
Cartier Sapphire Pendant
Diamond Sautoir
Share this:
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 72
|
en
|
File:Carol I with his wife Elisabeth.jpg
|
[
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Carol_I_with_his_wife_Elisabeth.jpg/380px-Carol_I_with_his_wife_Elisabeth.jpg?20211107200609",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Carol_Popp_de_Szathmari.jpg/120px-Carol_Popp_de_Szathmari.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/64px-PD-icon.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Carol_I_with_his_wife_Elisabeth.jpg/76px-Carol_I_with_his_wife_Elisabeth.jpg?20211107200609",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/archive/0/02/20211107200606%21Carol_I_with_his_wife_Elisabeth.jpg/120px-Carol_I_with_his_wife_Elisabeth.jpg",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/static/apple-touch/commons.png
|
This work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 100 years or fewer.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before January 1, 1929.
|
||||||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 27
|
https://www.posterazzi.com/pauline-elisabeth-ottilie-luise-zu-wied-1843-1916-queen-consort-of-romania-as-the-wife-of-king-carol-i-of-romania-also-known-her-literary-name-of-carmen-sylva-from-the-magazine-the-world-and-his-wife-published-1907-hilary-jane-morgan-vardpi12285910/
|
en
|
Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise Zu Wied 1843 1916 Queen Consort Of Romania As The Wife Of King Carol I Of Romania Also Known Her Literary Name Of Carmen Sylva From The Magazine The World And His Wife
|
[
"https://ct.pinterest.com/v3/?tid=2616519282814&noscript=1",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=130582017303267&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/images/stencil/250x67/posterazzi_shadow_1429637841__66487.original.png",
"https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/lib/flags/us.gif",
"https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/lib/flags/au.gif",
"https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/lib/flags/gb.gif",
"https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/lib/flags/regions/eu.gif",
"https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/lib/flags/ca.gif",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/broadway-posters.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/comic-book-posters.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/movie-posters.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/music-posters-and-prints.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/television-posters.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/video-game-posters.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/football-posters-and-photos.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/baseball-posters-and-photos.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/wrestling-posters-and-photos.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/basketball-posters-and-photos.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/hockey-posters-and-photos.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/soccer-posters-and-photos.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/animal-posters-and-prints.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/children-s-posters.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/college-dorm-posters.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/posters-of-people.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/posters-of-places.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/vintage-posters-and-prints.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/abstract-art-prints.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/art-deco-posters.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/contemporary-art-prints.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/modern-art-prints.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/photography-posters-and-prints.jpg",
"https://cdn6.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/product_images/uploaded_images/pop-art-prints.jpg",
"https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/images/stencil/500x659/products/2620698/5574948/apikli4kp__81517.1626433473.jpg?c=2",
"https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/images/stencil/100x100/products/2620698/5574948/apikli4kp__81517.1626433473.jpg?c=2",
"https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/stencil/0ca27c20-8d6a-013c-df3d-464f4ff8a0b4/e/b103c090-9225-013c-a247-72fb2f677d56/img/loading.svg",
"https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/stencil/0ca27c20-8d6a-013c-df3d-464f4ff8a0b4/e/b103c090-9225-013c-a247-72fb2f677d56/img/loading.svg",
"https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/stencil/0ca27c20-8d6a-013c-df3d-464f4ff8a0b4/e/b103c090-9225-013c-a247-72fb2f677d56/img/loading.svg",
"https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/stencil/0ca27c20-8d6a-013c-df3d-464f4ff8a0b4/e/b103c090-9225-013c-a247-72fb2f677d56/img/loading.svg",
"https://cdn11.bigcommerce.com/s-yzgoj/stencil/0ca27c20-8d6a-013c-df3d-464f4ff8a0b4/e/b103c090-9225-013c-a247-72fb2f677d56/img/loading.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Pauline",
"Elisabeth",
"Ottilie",
"Luise",
"Z_",
"Wied",
"Portrait",
"Queen",
"Consort",
"Romania",
"Wife",
"King",
"Carol I",
"Literary",
"Name",
"Carmen",
"Sylva",
"Royal",
"Royalty",
"Ruler",
"Monarch"
] | null |
[] | null |
Get More! Flat Rate Shipping! The Coolest Posters at Awesome Prices! Call 888-519-7195
|
en
|
Posterazzi
|
https://www.posterazzi.com/pauline-elisabeth-ottilie-luise-zu-wied-1843-1916-queen-consort-of-romania-as-the-wife-of-king-carol-i-of-romania-also-known-her-literary-name-of-carmen-sylva-from-the-magazine-the-world-and-his-wife-published-1907-hilary-jane-morgan-vardpi12285910/
|
Shipping & Returns
Returns Policy
You may return any items within 30 days of delivery for an exchange or a full refund. We offer a 30 Day Money Back Guarantee so that you can always buy with confidence.
You should expect to receive your refund within 2 weeks of giving your package to the return shipper, however, in many cases you will receive a refund more quickly. This time period includes the transit time for us to receive your return from the shipper (5 to 10 business days), the time it takes us to process your return once we receive it (3 to 5 business days), and the time it takes your bank to process our refund request (5 to 10 business days).
If you need to return an item, please Contact Us with your order number and details about the product you would like to return. We will respond quickly with instructions for how to return items from your order.
Shipping
Posterazzi is offering Free Shipping on all U.S. Orders placed today. Your order total must be $15.00 or more to qualify for the Free Shipping promotion. If your order is less than $15.00 we offer Standard Shipping within the U.S at flat rate of only $4.99.
We can ship to virtually any address in the world. Shipping to Canada is a flat rate of $14.99 and all other countries are $19.99 and there is also no extra charge when shipping more than one item.
All orders are shipped promptly using the United States Postal Service.
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 25
|
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Carol_I_of_Hohenzollern
|
en
|
Carol I of Romania
|
[
"https://wikiwandv2-19431.kxcdn.com/_next/image?url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Carol_I_of_Romania_edited.jpg/640px-Carol_I_of_Romania_edited.jpg&w=640&q=50",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Carol_I_of_Romania_edited.jpg/220px-Carol_I_of_Romania_edited.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Carol_of_Romania_-_signature.png/320px-Carol_of_Romania_-_signature.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Carol I or Charles I of Romania, was the monarch of Romania from 1866 to his death in 1914, ruling as Prince (Domnitor) from 1866 to 1881, and as King from 1881 to 1914. He was elected Prince of the Romanian United Principalities on 20 April 1866 after the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan Cuza by a palace coup d'état. In May 1877, Romania was proclaimed an independent and sovereign nation. The defeat of the Ottoman Empire (1878) in the Russo-Turkish War secured Romanian independence, and he was proclaimed King on 26 March [O.S. 14 March] 1881. He was the first ruler of the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen dynasty, which ruled the country until the proclamation of a socialist republic in 1947.
|
en
|
Wikiwand
|
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Carol_I_of_Romania
|
"Carol I" redirects here. For the 2009 film, see Carol I (film).
Carol I or Charles I of Romania (born Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen; 20 April 1839 – 10 October [O.S. 27 September] 1914), was the monarch of Romania from 1866 to his death in 1914, ruling as Prince (Domnitor) from 1866 to 1881, and as King from 1881 to 1914. He was elected Prince of the Romanian United Principalities on 20 April 1866 after the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan Cuza by a palace coup d'état. In May 1877, Romania was proclaimed an independent and sovereign nation. The defeat of the Ottoman Empire (1878) in the Russo-Turkish War secured Romanian independence, and he was proclaimed King on 26 March [O.S. 14 March] 1881. He was the first ruler of the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen dynasty, which ruled the country until the proclamation of a socialist republic in 1947.
During his reign, Carol I personally led Romanian troops during the Russo-Turkish War and assumed command of the Russo/Romanian army during the siege of Plevna. The country achieved internationally recognized independence via the Treaty of Berlin, 1878 and acquired Southern Dobruja from Bulgaria in 1913. In 1883 the king entered a top-secret military alliance with the Austro-Hungarian Empire, despite popular demands against Hungary. When World War I broke out he was unable to activate the alliance. Romania remained neutral and in 1916 joined the Allies.
Domestic political life was organized around the rival Liberal and Conservative parties. During Carol's reign, Romania's industry and infrastructure were much improved, however this process also resulted in major scandals, including the Strousberg Affair which personally implicated Carol. Overall, the country still had an agrarian-focused economy and the situation of the peasantry failed to improve, leading to a major revolt in 1907, bloodily suppressed by the authorities.
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 70
|
https://medium.com/%40maria.grigorescu/in-the-footsteps-of-elisabeth-the-first-queen-of-romania-24fd8dbc4c2c
|
en
|
In the footsteps of Elisabeth, the first Queen of Romania
|
[
"https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:64:64/1*dmbNkD5D-u45r44go_cf0g.png",
"https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:88:88/1*YHvmhyPqFsVyZO3XRZv8AQ.jpeg",
"https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:144:144/1*YHvmhyPqFsVyZO3XRZv8AQ.jpeg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Maria Grigorescu",
"medium.com",
"@maria.grigorescu"
] |
2024-01-18T12:07:05.062000+00:00
|
Everybody likes history. There is always a story to be told from under the yellowed pages of the past, and it is uplifting to understand how our ancestors lived and how far we’ve come, but even more…
|
en
|
https://miro.medium.com/v2/5d8de952517e8160e40ef9841c781cdc14a5db313057fa3c3de41c6f5b494b19
|
Medium
|
https://medium.com/@maria.grigorescu/in-the-footsteps-of-elisabeth-the-first-queen-of-romania-24fd8dbc4c2c
|
Prompt: Carmen Sylva, Word count: under 750
Sinaia, a mountain resort in Romania, October 2023, The Cultural Centre “Carmen Sylva”.
Everybody likes history. There is always a story to be told from under the yellowed pages of the past, and it is uplifting to understand how our ancestors lived and how far we’ve come, but even more beautiful is to find the people and their souls behind the title. And this is what my article is about.
Elisabeth of Wied was a German princess who married Prince Carol of Romania, also a German prince, born as Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. Carol (Karl) was the Prince Carol of Romania between 1866 and 1881 and King of Romania from 1881 when Romania was proclaimed a kingdom until he died in 1914.
Elisabeth married Carol in 1869 and in 1881 when Carl became King she received the title of Queen. They had one child, a daughter who died at age 4 and Elisabeth will never recover from this loss.
|
||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 86
|
https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/march-2-today-in-royal-history/
|
en
|
March 2: Today in Royal History
|
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Franz_Kr%C3%BCger_-_Portrait_of_Emperor_Nicholas_I_-_WGA12289.jpg
|
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Franz_Kr%C3%BCger_-_Portrait_of_Emperor_Nicholas_I_-_WGA12289.jpg
|
[
"https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/cropped-Buckingham-Palace_2018.jpg",
"http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Franz_Kr%C3%BCger_-_Portrait_of_Emperor_Nicholas_I_-_WGA12289.jpg",
"https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/plugins/subscribe-connect-follow-widget/images/32px/rss.png",
"https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/plugins/subscribe-connect-follow-widget/images/32px/facebook.png",
"https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/plugins/subscribe-connect-follow-widget/images/32px/twitter.png",
"https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/scr/pixel.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-03-01T20:30:37+00:00
|
© Unofficial Royalty 2024 March 2, 1316 – Birth of Robert II, King of Scots at Paisley Abbey in Renfrewshire, Scotland The first monarch of the House of Stewart, Robert II, King of Scots was …
|
en
|
Unofficial Royalty
|
https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/march-2-today-in-royal-history/
|
© Unofficial Royalty 2024
March 2, 1316 – Birth of Robert II, King of Scots at Paisley Abbey in Renfrewshire, Scotland
The first monarch of the House of Stewart, Robert II, King of Scots was the only child of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland and Marjorie Bruce, the daughter of Robert I the Bruce, King of Scots. Fortunately, Robert II’s reign was more peaceful than previous reigns. Hostilities with England were renewed in 1378 and went on intermittently for the rest of Robert II’s reign. In 1384, when Robert II became senile, he left the administration of the kingdom to his eldest son John, Earl of Carrick, who succeeded him as Robert III, King of Scots.
Unofficial Royalty: Robert II, King of Scots
March 2, 1619 – Death of Anne of Denmark, Queen of England, wife of King James I of England, at Hampton Court Palace in Richmond, England; buried at Westminster Abbey in London, England
In 1589, Anne married James VI, King of Scots, the son of Mary, Queen of Scots. In 1603, James succeeded to the English throne upon the death of Queen Elizabeth I of England as King James I of England. Anne and James had seven children but only three survived childhood: Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales who died of typhoid fever, aged 18; Elizabeth who married Frederick V, Elector Palatine whose daughter Sophia of Hanover became heiress presumptive to the British throne under the Act of Settlement 1701 (Sophia’s son was King George I) and King Charles I of England who was beheaded during the English Civil War. When Anne’s son Henry Frederick died, it was a great tragedy for Anne and the entire nation. Anne could not bear to have Henry’s death mentioned and people were advised not to give her condolences. After her son’s death, Anne’s health began to deteriorate and she withdrew from social activities. By 1617, Anne’s condition became debilitating. Her surviving son Charles was often with her and was at her bedside when Anne died at the age of 44 from dropsy (edema).
Unofficial Royalty: Anne of Denmark, Queen of England
March 2, 1681 – Death of Isabel Stuart, daughter of King James II of England and his second wife Maria Beatrice of Modena, at St. James’s Palace in London, England; buried at Westminster Abbey in London, England in the vault of her great-great-grandmother Mary, Queen of Scots
For most of her short life, Isabel was her parents’ only child and was fourth in line to the throne behind her father and her elder half-sisters Mary and Anne from her father’s first marriage. She moved down a place in the line of succession when her brother Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge was born in 1677. However, he lived for only one month, dying from smallpox. In 1678, Isabel was joined by another sister, Elizabeth, who was also short-lived. Isabel died on March 2, 1681, five months before her fifth birthday, at St. James’s Palace in London while her parents were still in Scotland. Her father regretted that he “could not have the satisfaction of seeing and assisting her in her sickness.”
Unofficial Royalty: Isabel Stuart
March 2, 1835 – Death of Franz I, Emperor of Austria in Vienna, Austria; buried at the Imperial Crypt in Vienna, Austria
Franz was the son of Pietro Leopoldo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany (later Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor) and Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain. Franz’s paternal grandparents were the formidable and powerful Empress Maria Theresa, who was in her own right Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Hungary, Queen of Croatia, and Queen of Bohemia, and Francis Stephen, Holy Roman Emperor, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Duke of Lorraine. Even though her husband was the nominal Holy Roman Emperor, Maria Theresa wielded the real power. Franz married four times but only his second wife Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily had children – a total of twelve children, before dying in childbirth. Upon the death of his father in 1794, Franz became Franz II, Holy Roman Emperor. During the Napoleonic Wars of the early 19th-century, Holy Roman Emperor Franz II feared that Napoleon could take over the personal, hereditary Habsburg lands within the Holy Roman Empire, so in 1804 he proclaimed himself Emperor Franz I of Austria. As it turned out, Franz’s move was a wise one because the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved in 1806.
Unofficial Royalty: Franz I, Emperor of Austria
March 2, 1843 – Birth of Maria Clotilde of Savoy, Princess Napoleon, daughter of King Vittorio Emanuele II of Italy, at the Royal Palace of Turin in Savoy, now part of Italy
Full name: Ludovica Teresa Maria Clotilde
Maria Clotilde married Napoléon-Jérôme Bonaparte, son of Jérôme Bonaparte, the brother of Emperor Napoleon I, and Princess Catherine of Württemberg. Maria Clotilde was fifteen and Napoléon-Jérôme was 37. Maria Clotilde was not impressed by her portly, anti-clerical liberal fiancé. Her innocence, piety, and sense of duty clashed with Napoléon-Jérôme’s love of wine, women, and food. Several years after the fall of the Second French Empire in 1870, Maria Clotilde and her husband quietly separated and she returned to Turin, Italy with her daughter. Maria Clotilde continued her life of devotion and charity after her return to Italy. She spent her final years at the traditional summer residence of the Savoy family, the Castle of Moncalieri in Montcalieri, a town located just outside of Turin.
Unofficial Royalty: Maria Clotilde of Savoy, Princess Napoleon
March 2, 1854 – Death of Sir John Conroy, 1st Baronet of Llanbrynmair, Equerry to Queen Victoria’s father The Duke of Kent and Comptroller and Private Secretary to Queen Victoria’s mother The Duchess of Kent, at his home Arborfield Hall, near Reading, Berkshire, England
Conroy was a confidant and political agent to Victoria’s mother The Duchess of Kent. Together, they designed the Kensington System, an elaborate and strict system of rules for the upbringing of young Victoria, designed to make her dependent upon them in the hope of allowing them one day to wield power through her. Princess Victoria grew to hate Conroy, thanks to the oppressive system, and he was also unpopular among the rest of the British royal family. When Victoria became Queen, she immediately dismissed Conroy from her household but she could not dismiss him from her mother’s household. However, she sent both her mother and Conroy off to a distant wing of the palace and cut off personal contact with them. After Conroy’s death, the Duchess of Kent finally agreed to have her financial accounts audited and acknowledged that significant funds were missing. She admitted that Conroy had swindled her and at the same time hurt her relationship with her daughter for his own benefit.
Unofficial Royalty: Sir John Conroy, 1st Baronet of Llanbrynmair, Comptroller and Private Secretary to Queen Victoria’s mother The Duchess of Kent
March 2, 1855 – Death of Nicholas I, Emperor of All Russia in Taganrog, Russia; buried at the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg, Russia
Nicholas I, Emperor of All Russia was the third of the four sons and the ninth of the ten children of Paul I, Emperor of All Russia. Because he had two, much older brothers, he was not expected to become Emperor. Nicholas’ eldest brother Alexander I, Emperor of All Russia had no surviving children and so the second brother Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich was the heir to the throne. Grand Duke Constantine morganatically married Joanna Grudzińska. However, for Alexander I to give his approval to the marriage, Constantine was required to forfeit his rights to the Russian throne in favor of his younger brother Nicholas. Nicholas married Charlotte of Prussia (Alexandra Feodorovna), had ten children including Alexander II, Emperor of All Russia. In 1855, Nicholas caught a chill, refused medical treatment, and developed pneumonia. Knowing he was dying, Nicholas retained his composure and said goodbye to his children and grandchildren. He blessed them and reminded them that they should remain friendly with each other. In the early afternoon of March 2, 1855, Nicholas I, Emperor of All Russia died at the age of 58 at the Winter Palace.
Unofficial Royalty: Nicholas I, Emperor of All Russia
March 2, 1916 – Death of Elisabeth of Wied, Queen of Romania, wife of King Carol I of Romania; buried beside her husband at the Cathedral of the Curtea de Argeş Monastery in Romania
In 1869, Elisabeth married Prince Carol I, born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, who had been elected Ruling Prince of the United Principalities of Romania. They had one daughter, Maria, born in September 1870. Maria died of scarlet fever in 1874, and Elisabeth never fully recovered from the loss of her only child. In 1881, the Romanian parliament declared Romania a Kingdom, and Elisabeth’s husband became King Carol I. A patron of the arts, Elisabeth often hosted writers, composers, and musicians, and helped promote their works. Her true passion was writing. Under the pseudonym Carmen Sylva, she wrote hundreds of poems, plays, novels, short stories, and essays, and thanks to her fluency in several languages, published numerous translations of other works.
Unofficial Royalty: Elisabeth of Wied, Queen of Romania
March 2, 2016 – Birth of Prince Oscar of Sweden, Duke of Skåne, son of Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden, at Karolinska Hospital in Solna, Sweden
Full name: Oscar Carl Olof
Prince Oscar’s elder sister Princess Estelle is second in the line of succession to the Swedish throne after her mother Crown Princess Victoria. In 1979, the Riksdag, the Swedish legislature, introduced an Act of Succession that changed the succession to absolute primogeniture, meaning that the eldest child of the monarch, regardless of gender, is first in the line of succession. This Act of Succession became law on January 1, 1980. The previous 1810 Act of Succession allowed only males to inherit the throne. Even after the birth of her brother Prince Oscar, Princess Estelle retains her place in the line of succession as the eldest child of Crown Princess Victoria who is the eldest child and the heir of King Carl XVI Gustaf.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Oscar of Sweden
|
|||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 90
|
http://godsandfoolishgrandeur.blogspot.com/2018/06/a-not-terribly-important-royal-union.html
|
en
|
Gods and Foolish Grandeur: A not terribly important royal union
|
[
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIM23c9aUKwn9KjsUviT9GreNTGM2R5NvjmEEz8EANuJkknyMuH3vfV0Pl8fWII7tBDqrPqVADWrCz3VfIPT6Kk7x0n2d6OvW3rsNf09dRgyiRJXOghtRagFAxljsjHxR091xb4VdXKG8/s1600/mosaic+image+black+fuller+text+sm.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfpUwKTAXWqYNi2dv5bLI2AebEaJUF8cn_LiiJRQzKudsfNx_bveT57xtdaqo-V482dVHFRuRS_-zsxhATgYeVmyn0askwLjRezRaoXq4DWpLiT-jHtX8Hz8ptYDGZLyQAqtiB-gc8l5c/s1600/1898-october-wurttemberg-3.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuvDKDfSjGQTpOh-Qr1qEIaeknc0MwxzGs0ReZqBMKgGJoKy0ZWBwgornwL-SwBEhKUEk4YX34eG3Rrtv8PnQux-3jE0dcNuX8qE7M76CizpcMUMF-1TneEl8q1eW9qkXOiT0Oa2Gp6Xs/s1600/Image3.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPdHGhcv6emfZj8hjlrl08A1SSNy44ZJeEBgvJ69yTT1KiA90hn93gamb_1xF2badu8fSxQhuVv0y5_1zwxZnovQ-nknik_fAEjjV3n6b26I82hmDApIrE1QtZCC0FDzjrtsfhgzU1Dwg/s1600/Image2.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh55yT1vn9KbhNequ1cox7PloicYAWVymRQj8bPH4jVz9lmYYSKry25KqWGQya6XJsvKOXkIz6R8hZC5n9p7vf-xcXFBLVLIMssV7nUNhOlIKZ5W9rxuhG2n8oKWRsW6cJj1P6eGWH_i9Q/s1600/Image1.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK-XnmEDpjYJXG05BHefJxkrE4rLd1nWxzR_mJX2Q8ykAjvEJTX1WPXauTCCfnODgyXcQZioeWmUhmtMoYQwvrpg18IqSxdcmUPSxDmOJ6-4H8guXSmt6kO097pEpTRQFev1NZDneg_3I/s1600/97427081742e012c75cacc10a0c2345b--gotha-royal-house.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6rjKzeUXTjGtKsZBmdPywVjxN24Iz1wmWebSUOglHok0GfgLCTybkIiPcEjZI6aZo2PLW3WJsXHf6_dqx76QUwGfdjbz_6izrLBHIPaD2p1VrwJKP7hYWF1TSd6JmkrOeD5fP5XQqZT8/s1600/55951184cad11f41037c9295ea200800.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOket-h8eDoct26bhz0vHCslcBoqo37u-snvY-7_4gofI-YWEUTdoKtALtJejMvjrmVpXNqiXn-HmkUxFoh5MJuUHial_rnVSCt6MAVXinBFq3Iyo35CeM4PIjqXam5pL6WQp6rfGlUMw/s1600/WiedHer.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbyK49docGQaRrCRJb30n4oSOy4I4Oltb9DBVc52PDcXmyOheaZbLGIqqQhH_oB3gdH3pyFz7IPKqoVBC5gOa3TXfpMzD7RwaxCVkSoDhJWKvWdq7pbWsu1qxSIwenVRnVfGfd7slnsCQ/s1600/Princess_Pauline_of_W%25C3%25BCrttemberg_%25281877%25E2%2580%25931965%2529.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgzvobAn3_lsBGIwJzEbSTRr2EquHZdrC2-hpBY6sYmldivFBv3wpa5rfaBk4bcpO2TjWgzYSoEGyT1AjV50llEy36BzjZ5FlMHCfCS307Iln6lmpogr8xN1CZUKwgsy9WWDxqhHQSNLU/s1600/cf652dfe422022590a08cf5a5368c023.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBgOamv8c0H1v0S2haV_w6rUjcip1tzoWLlT2-AizN8-HuI8xqm3wy0-ptHtydzvH_oH62G3uAmiCBXbBgaV8PFs_d0PJbrAMx5CnAYu1JORDN7t8T05cz-Y9raeIjUgzsGs6x1wzn9Rw/s1600/1754fade4c8209e9e1a6271bf392ec64.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHtgMqiIriAJkC57a-aca2l8f5_Z2fU55B-yqBhErwcEisThjaNUlILHUutJtIyjIOMrN_DWndmNWCEYKsya6cj3eHh6xFeLcD_HT8ym51PjIQiuB4eHEZJ8W6lRYGWnvoLCiaXMJxDOY/s1600/9ec29e8a7e93110b9539a57b3f182b5e.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXMT6OVNUkJHSTVpQfet0OBBNVbAr_Fz_Ga0bFtP8NPFm9BIsaaybxvNHyCdWygfMSwrjCqPgjA8Uq-9RVnLCgqsXld2E-NGcyWZWIZ3XwCcApOlQiECXllcEXaGAtteNOjycdm4upU20/s1600/27af0cb20922a52db1ab6897f82e06d0.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-t5zlREp5gmt9GhBs6_eHni3UGdl5Ggtf3Bwz-HaJ_CzTJIAw4zIc7mG6Xpsi-B9dZsab54GqMvnswrptRoqO1Dgxhg9M0dBT2ZIsjf07wzbJVlJhYuWFi8pqAv0ZtZR6dh0qx7GVHWc/s1600/rah56ras_original.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmtn-ky20Z6P1jhMbYkkwZXu1uR0Y51R2ZHVvGRl0S0rqgxQhFFb24rEV_Yxh2FGnm8wqtunJ26mHKj5rwIzPnO3_rB5q0YNu8lrQuhDEcogHqO9uGskUNufKvPJGDuznnAxfaZ0uIHhA/s1600/827099a107463e7abbfa3792d334d0b4--wilhelm-ii-baby-prince.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBuAsDZwhy_Bj3B1e348aY9G0xNgYZnaOMkY_6HkpPl945nCOVbyfuQmNVyIZotVtFUEmdT0ZO4PUNZrZ02VBHm3QPD51ehYAnnMzA9s5WPeqrZHebuqT4ojawX9jMO7TBkn_E3dyeK04/s1600/1.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRONfHX0iHGF1n8epl35HcWsmpCLhJx5MIdigmeSsfSihTV0GhyHP07LJN1ss5uT9emz2OnScm8DLfKkHlQXX97m_KnDtolKOwOHF4S3P6R4S2iQ5eKQRB3jrm3RjkgvdDYDh4XSJYpTE/s1600/2189ff5ddddfff4238f966f42b7fadec--royal-babies-potsdam.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAVWVYTqYqPtqKBduyAL5T9sLKBBnN8MhTQeXh1LkHBMr9qZKjhbiqEEDRGRZ8jQt5ByYRW9z5PDPU0O5Z6YMMwuCiRRd03Jd4fkKfMw4j7WejFVaxjPgMkao-oRbdvztJABg6gqKHh6k/s1600/bbd48a420341c5c41c03c101b02c82b3--gotha-delicious-food.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjloniqVlu8fMWDu79nknTw_5AlAQer-lNV5XurgtHtTpi5WigMliTWsyGjgsewTScFupYLv9_vBAy36NZpsNNi_kNewd7Z0pL7t__aQcl91CSHZSjdbpLboLJi8mJixFjZuVcE5puAIJQ/s1600/34477d661e0e791a80048b10e3ae4fc2.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieXrs_q47l6NBRCyv1fJZ3L-wZqFwNPHE-YTFvqXsvOTUu3wo1BeLXRRqRDP0cdliqCYtiPvM17nQpDXCzcwwIp3kfpxMpx1q33Jltk_ja_qEdIZ_hmif9Q7brMajvqJYxqY7RvQiuG5A/s1600/rdqmartinez3.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr8aMXrlzl36M2BldMpoaRxKsbzMUlQfS7XAjiKtfwcmRocWQmgRUbeNREjJfrvRaYWOQyejJPYmN4Hk-d6ioIB4HNqXKDVJq5zp2qgXlVHOD1aCd-ZuKvMr-2A5dKVWh88RvozDue_IM/s1600/62871a8591da6bc3ceb7e705de9b7e9c--king-queen-queen-of.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPx_dZ1okg6FEUi_w7BPfPhh1JLSEo9AdlmlIidLYyMIkMbGNV0yFQSEtUtq5Fu0s6hfpoq2zIzoKBGTIOnFluFznwP5Ft8FAjxzmP7KjUfdmPuhr2P1Hv538v61Wy4MZeC0N3aeWnLVA/s1600/wied.png",
"http://www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png",
"http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-T8_x12w8lkA/ZNateJJ5lpI/AAAAAAAArA0/2oJtqtxiGuwbgW7VMPAV1FFzp6d8Rsw9ACK4BGAYYCw/s35/*",
"http://www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png",
"http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-T8_x12w8lkA/ZNateJJ5lpI/AAAAAAAArA0/2oJtqtxiGuwbgW7VMPAV1FFzp6d8Rsw9ACK4BGAYYCw/s35/*",
"http://www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png",
"http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-T8_x12w8lkA/ZNateJJ5lpI/AAAAAAAArA0/2oJtqtxiGuwbgW7VMPAV1FFzp6d8Rsw9ACK4BGAYYCw/s35/*",
"http://www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png",
"http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-T8_x12w8lkA/ZNateJJ5lpI/AAAAAAAArA0/2oJtqtxiGuwbgW7VMPAV1FFzp6d8Rsw9ACK4BGAYYCw/s35/*",
"http://www.blogger.com/img/blogger_logo_round_35.png",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH2jw_exTpY7Ekyw3Ensjdx9ecen3TBagjAF-vfaa0_TMkDFvAkvfFOjtW0d3cInpzXblpzrN9EQelntkfzh7ZbNm9xrfIKXEzokLNbiqdUOc61ob0cdXwCxAgD8CNg3UltRbG3_1Wpus/s400/Untold+Gaze+Front+Cover+blog.png",
"http://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7J7PVEN0XcMYj9FCVyBW5mZvVL72qevf1pIAq0o8LxRxY_29wc9JHViUkYGEK48P27v3rJcjphUCeGmbLNMpIwQzMoKBM7DrhE0X0B_Ev61Q_pIcb0PYP4ORhwh-iTQ/s113/*",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_sRFn7ivK2cS1qw7HAcfAWi3Gtrb4OhlPk-fHTjjxBCIL1M9udDHz7Iv0ucMZyi7pvNmiecUOM9IvSerIRElF4f5fVfnXZ4czjiQsI9XweQWNxqWlNWk3Q6pJ6DpbMrHoIrPPpjwbu36w=s16-w16-h16",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_vOS6JipU3Gokp_1806I-9Sh6hMr0ySnShR5yrkcPXdRCsOyXggWDA4sXril49-tuZLN9K_Wav6fkKWxW221722DMbeL9M8Z91aOloNxlRZ5U25=s16-w16-h16",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_usgOZI8lfApJUQQdvm2Ll9s1tGs0cCM_jAR_Nt4nDCBJb3Y5Q9oU4gjU5pO4bmeb37xv0_-vLXKnvOAQhpx9VUrtvbajQFXOLLXqjXMFs=s16-w16-h16",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_tnNsvOPW-y76vxk2_FPhHK7dfcKUX-mB1gC085u8Y9z0c2Z-GefC4SeLgIYyBApeGcp4iAbzT4VhiWcbA7ufhWG25uJQ4WUMjhsJs9GgByuKhvT2KA728Jdw=s16-w16-h16",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_tGj4DrXbwnn-hr4OXhCmf0gd2acv0AIK2neoBaLW29vl5fCVEBBAJSsxMfI7Qd_O8ThWU7i97RZIS-EAxpJ6k-r3eAdEFwSAX10j4WNw=s16-w16-h16",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTWDuT2aLokZ2qQgYNLt10upnJb4WlU5GFpj4oXah7aPLsfchPDEnajb_glX8kC4iaptBVd_DcPvYdxEHK35ve53jSWdtzRtdsQmRtQdMI-BDxfx97RBa6ycaTfya_FL7xnQMNVXsGQXU/s1600/Image45+b.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"View my complete profile"
] | null |
(Left to right) - Front: King Wilhelm II of Württemberg (father of the bride); Princess Pauline of Württemberg; Hereditary Prince Wilhel...
|
http://godsandfoolishgrandeur.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
|
http://godsandfoolishgrandeur.blogspot.com/2018/06/a-not-terribly-important-royal-union.html
| |||||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 89
|
https://tactileimages.org/en/history/i-principality-of-romania-en/queen-elizabeth-queen-consort-of-romania/
|
en
|
Queen Elizabeth (Queen consort of Romania)
|
[
"https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/logo2.png",
"https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Regina_Elisabeta-1080x675.png 1080w, https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Regina_Elisabeta-980x1385.png 980w, https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Regina_Elisabeta-480x678.png 480w",
"https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Regina_Elisabeta-1080x675.png",
"https://assets.pinterest.com/images/pidgets/pinit_fg_en_rect_gray_20.png",
"https://assets.pinterest.com/images/pidgets/pinit_fg_en_rect_gray_20.png",
"https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/plugins/facebook-pagelike-widget/loader.gif",
"https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/plugins/facebook-pagelike-widget/loader.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Alina Gabriela"
] |
2019-01-28T14:31:17+00:00
|
The image is one from the queen’s youth. During her lifetime she was noted for her social-artistic... she was known under the literary pen name Carmen Sylva
|
en
|
Tactile Images Encyclopedia
|
https://tactileimages.org/en/history/i-principality-of-romania-en/queen-elizabeth-queen-consort-of-romania/
|
Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise of Wied (n. 29 December 1843, Schloss Monrepos – d. 2 March 1916, Curtea de Argeș Cathedral)
Image description
The image is one from the queen’s youth. She is represented here with voluminous and coifed hair, big eyes, a long and straight nose, thin lips and wearing an elegant dress.
Her forehead is framed by her curly hair, depicted here by a compact texture with interrupting curved lines overlapped over small X’s.
She has a feather pinned to the side of her head, highlighted by slightly curved lines.
She is wearing a ball gown depicted by small diamonds. The dress has poufy sleeves and a fur collar reproduced here by the wavy texture which leaves her shoulders uncovered.
Historical information
Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise, Queen of Romania, between 1881 and 1916, was born on 29 December 1843 in the county of Wied in Germany [Bibliography 1]. She married Prince Carol I of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in 1869. In 1881, after Romania was proclaimed to be a kingdom, she was crowned Queen of Romania.
During her lifetime she was noted for her social-artistic and charitable activities, she was known under the literary pen name Carmen Sylva [Bibliography 2].
In literature she initially collaborated with Maria von Bardeleben (known as Mite Kremnitz), the wife of a German doctor who came to Romania during the Independence War (1877). Their collaboration resulted in the epistolary novel known as “The Novel of a Princess” published under the pen names “Ditto and Idem” [Bibliography 3]. The second novel the queen published was named Astra and was dedicated to her aunt, the Queen of Sweden. The two novels enjoyed impressive success and, as such, were published in several different languages [Bibliography 4].
Another cultural activity the queen enjoyed was copying on parchment paper, adorned with paintings, the twelve Gospels. The work was made for the Curtea de Argeș Cathedral in memory of her daughter Maria who had died at the age of 3. Queen Elizabeth is also the author of several volumes of poetry and prose such as The Peleș Stories (1882 and 1883), Through the ages (1885) – work dedicated to Vasile Alecsandri, The grand builder Manole (1892), The Journey on the Danube of a daughter of the Rhine (1905) [Bibliography 5].
Apart from her own contributions to Romanian literature, Queen Elizabeth also translated multiple works. She translated works of Romanian authors from French, English and German. [Bibliography 6].
Another prominent activity was caring for the wounded during the Russo-Turkish war during 1877-1878. In the period before the war, Princess Elizabeth was involved in the organization of hospitals and in creating an ambulance service. She was helped in those endeavors by the General Carol Davila, who served as the Inspector of the Sanitary Service, and by eight Prussian military doctors and five Albertine nuns sent to Romania by the Queen of Saxe.
According to Gabriel Badea-Păun, Elizabeth ”managed with the help of the money she received from certain Germanic courts to build two sheds in which up to 100 beds could be fitted, and all this inside the courtyard of the Cotroceni Palace” [Bibliography 7].
She also activated in the field of philanthropy and in 1906 she created ”Vatra luminoasă” to help those who were visually impaired. The neighborhood” Vatra luminoasă took its name from that of the establishment [Bibliography 8]. She also set up the Charity Sisters Institution (1879), The Queen Elizabeth Polyclinic (1896), The Evangelical Institute of the Deaconesses (1903) [Bibliography 9].
Queen Elizabeth died on 18th of February 1916 shortly before the kingdom would enter the First World War. She was interred at the Curtea de Argeș Cathedral [Bibliograhpy 10].
Bibliography
Gabriel Badea-Păun, Carmen Sylva. Uimitoarea regină Elisabeta a României, Editura Humanitas, trad. Ileana Margareta Nistor, București, 2012. pp. 24-25.
Lat. „Cântecul pădurii”.
3-4. Gabriel Badea-Păun, op. cit., p. 142.
George Bengescu, Carmen Sylva. Viața Reginei Elisabeta, Editura Porțile Orientului, Iași, 1995, p. 68.
Regina Elisabeta, available online at http://www.familiaregala.ro/istorie/regina-elisabetahttp://www.familiaregala.ro/istorie/regina-elisabeta[august 2018].
Gabriel Badea-Păun, op. cit., p. 102.
8-10. Regina Elisabeta, available online at http://www.familiaregala.ro/istorie/regina-elisabeta http://www.familiaregala.ro/istorie/regina-elisabeta [august 2018].
Download image:
http://imaginitactile.ro/images/6/62/Regina_Elisabeta.png
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 1
|
https://trashyroyals.com/elisabeth-of-wied-first-queen-of-romania-and-literatures-carmen-sylva/
|
en
|
54. Elisabeth of Wied, First Queen of Romania, and Literature’s Carmen Sylva – Trashy Royals
|
[
"https://trashyroyals.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Queen_Elizabeth_of_Romania.jpg",
"https://trashyroyals.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Queen_Elizabeth_of_Romania.jpg",
"https://trashyroyals.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Anne_boleyn-781x1024.jpg",
"https://trashyroyals.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Anne_boleyn-781x1024.jpg",
"https://trashyroyals.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Prince_Albert_Victor_Duke_of_Clarence_1864-1892.jpg",
"https://trashyroyals.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Prince_Albert_Victor_Duke_of_Clarence_1864-1892.jpg",
"https://trashyroyals.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Rudolf_Crown_Prince_of_Austria_LOC-704x1024.jpg",
"https://trashyroyals.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Rudolf_Crown_Prince_of_Austria_LOC-704x1024.jpg",
"https://trashyroyals.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Patreon_Mark_Coral-1.jpg",
"https://trashyroyals.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Patreon_Mark_Coral-1.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-04-11T00:01:00+00:00
|
en
|
https://trashyroyals.com/elisabeth-of-wied-first-queen-of-romania-and-literatures-carmen-sylva/
|
However much ‘protocol’ may attempt to intervene, the truth is that eccentricity is a trait that even royals have. This is certainly the case for Elisabeth of Wied, a German princess who became Romania’s first queen, wife of Romania’s King Carol I.
Politics in Europe were extra complex in the latter half of the 19th century. In Russia, Tsar Alexander II had concluded his father’s Crimean War in 1856, but even with the defeat of Russia in the conflict, the Ottoman Empire was in retreat. As Ottoman influence waned, former vassal states, including what would become modern Romania, were shaped by the other great powers and their own internal politics, which led to the unification of several formerly Ottoman principalities into what is now Romania.
And what does a newly independent player on the European stage need? A royal house, of course! And wouldn’t you know it – the Germans had so many of those lying around that it was easy pickings to find some stuffy but qualified guy to ‘elect’ king. King Carol I was both a liberalizing influence on the new nation’s politics, as well as personally fastidious and, according to accounts, quite humorless.
Which must have been tough on his wife, Elisabeth, a flamboyant writer with an artist’s temperament who is better known by her nom de plum, Carmen Sylva. She was enough of a handful in the Romanian court that her husband once exiled her back to Germany for a couple of years, from which she sent letters to the Romanian Crown Prince’s wife, Marie of Edinburgh, that she hoped Marie’s forthcoming baby would turn out to be a girl!
Listen ad-free at patreon.com/trashyroyalspodcast.
Sources
Americans and Queen Marie of Romania: A Selection of Documents, by Diana Fotescu (Amazon.com)
The Story of my Life, by Marie Queen of Romania (Amazon.com)
The First King of Romania: King Carol I (tourinromania.com)
Elisabeth of Wied – The Princess of the Wild Rose (Part one) – History of Royal Women
Elisabeth of Wied – The Princess of the Wild Rose (Part two) – History of Royal Women
Elisabeth of Wied – The Princess of the Wild Rose (Part three) – History of Royal Women
HM King Ferdinand I of Romania – Henry Poole
|
|||||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 92
|
https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/history/romania/carol-i
|
en
|
Carol I
|
https://www.infoplease.com/themes/ip/favicon.ico
|
https://www.infoplease.com/themes/ip/favicon.ico
|
[
"https://www.infoplease.com/themes/ip/images/logo-white.svg",
"https://www.infoplease.com/themes/ip/images/mag-glass.svg",
"https://www.infoplease.com/themes/ip/images/close.svg",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/infoplease.com/files/styles/scale600w/public/2020-04/europe.jpg.webp?itok=ZYMzqB-y",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/infoplease.com/files/styles/scale600w/public/2020-04/middleeast.jpg.webp?itok=b3PkAiRE",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/infoplease.com/files/styles/scale600w/public/2020-04/Triumph_of_Achilles_in_Corfu_Achilleion.jpg.webp?itok=AJitHl3b",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/infoplease.com/files/styles/scale600w/public/2020-04/iStock-1163662016.jpg.webp?itok=5LuI3Ibr",
"https://www.infoplease.com/modules/contrib/custom_voice_search/images/mic.png",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/infoplease.com/files/inline-images/infoplease_white_logo_2.png",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/default/files/i_infopls_com/images/ip17_social_facebook_icon.png",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/default/files/i_infopls_com/images/ip17_social_twitter_icon.png",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/default/files/i_infopls_com/images/ip17_social_pinterest_icon.png",
"https://www.playwire.com/hubfs/Powered-by-Playwire-Badges/Ads-Powered-by-playwire-2021-standalone-small-300px.png",
"https://www.infoplease.com/modules/custom/custom_core_common/images/facebook.svg",
"https://www.infoplease.com/modules/custom/custom_core_common/images/twitter.svg",
"https://www.infoplease.com/modules/custom/custom_core_common/images/googlebookmarks.svg",
"https://www.infoplease.com/modules/custom/custom_core_common/images/email.svg",
"https://www.infoplease.com/modules/custom/custom_core_common/images/print.svg",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/infoplease.com/files/inline-images/sandbox-learning.png",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/factmonster_logo.png",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/infoplease.com/files/inline-images/familyeducation_logo_1.png",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/teachervision_logo.png",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/sandbox_logo.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Infoplease"
] |
2017-01-24T01:12:35-05:00
|
Carol I, 1839–1914, prince (1866–81) and first king (1881–1914) of Romania, of the house of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. He is also called Charles I. A Prussian officer, he was elected to succeed the deposed Alexander John Cuza as prince of Romania.
|
en
|
/themes/ip/favicon.ico
|
InfoPlease
|
https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/history/romania/carol-i
|
Carol I, 1839–1914, prince (1866–81) and first king (1881–1914) of Romania, of the house of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. He is also called Charles I. A Prussian officer, he was elected to succeed the deposed Alexander John Cuza as prince of Romania. He reformed the Romanian constitution and laid the groundwork for the country's monetary system, military organization, and railroad network. Exploitation of Romanian oil fields began in his reign. Economic development, however, did not improve the lot of the peasants, and an uprising in 1907 was cruelly suppressed. Carol sided with Russia in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and obtained at the Congress of Berlin (see Berlin, Congress of) full independence for Romania, which he declared a kingdom in 1881. Carol's wife was Princess Elizabeth of Wied. He was succeeded by his nephew Ferdinand.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2024, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
|
||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 31
|
https://www.album-online.com/detail/en/ZjViYTg2MA/elisabeth-wied-1843-1916-queen-consort-romania-as-wife-king-alb1708585
|
en
|
1916). Queen consort of Romania as the wife of King Carol I of Romania. Known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva.
|
[
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/logo-album-66h.png",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/logo-a-40h.png",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/search.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/plus.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/camera.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/photos/prev/ZjViYTg2MA/album_alb1708585.jpg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/pinterest_black.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/twitter_black.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/facebook_black.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/copy_black.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/envelope_black.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/add_item.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/remove_item.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/print.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/share.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/web/views/images/wait.gif",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/facebook.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/linkedin.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/pinterest.svg",
"https://www.album-online.com/common/images/twitter.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Download this stock image (alb1708585) from album-online.com - Elisabeth of Wied (1843-1916). Queen consort of Romania as the wife of King Carol I of Romania. Known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva.
|
en
|
Album
|
https://www.album-online.com/detail/en/ZjViYTg2MA/elisabeth-wied-1843-1916-queen-consort-romania-as-wife-king-alb1708585
| ||||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 28
|
https://royalmusingsblogspotcom.blogspot.com/2012/04/princess-of-wied-wasnt-so-nice-after.html
|
en
|
Royal Musings: The Princess of Wied wasn't so nice, after all
|
[
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGVRnir7hv_RU8QPVbdxRbugn2SwoEHgjtvlK5O-QltLF5eI5WF-9LLZ_0foOgbRmbtC5mVCo2NkS3e0c2izIpjEqylNg-rJb8DkKdi1PMokRzFeQy5lBOe0fqr1jH7mFvVE1XbzL6EQ/s400/220px-Marie_of_Nassau.jpg",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_email.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon18_edit_allbkg.gif",
"https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gsRAiBvIRwI/WYPbnsqjuhI/AAAAAAAAgEU/WmY5QjNjXMQw8SsRsfCpFu4C-ChC6MMWQCK4BGAYYCw/s270/DSC08894%2B%25282%2529.JPG",
"https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rMU84_yu9GI/Vjl5uRCC2hI/AAAAAAAAUD8/krRVTtNDUVc/s1600-r/London%2B2014%2B1100.JPG",
"https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1TZ6cMSHX3k/WYPcNaP5J3I/AAAAAAAAgEc/hPiTaj3lcYYwG3G2iErNQMEuqto52UQfwCK4BGAYYCw/s270/DSC09436.JPG",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_vIPGUArGawdE7Ap0qB63y-waphLcQKNPLXmcJ3mbLMYW8XNuv5tUrgrmd0s29GEIHsMye30t_1NktspBhOabFZW6fSCA0ZMPKjVuSvcMWseAQbEAfyLZsPMJPzXpIyI7Tq-iZ-tArRz_DPLfKynMe9dzkwiQ=s0-d",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_vRgJIj5vZutu5SkPpiv1e1tcYfaLJ5WakLTTaqgsB5LvBJy62J7GV2fJFnEp-hNxPVz1CbjD1SnZWgF5uTkQhLhmjz-dELcoga=s16-w16-h16",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_uCn0V39XTuKaA4U9TRaFE5KnwrItcJx5mhr0ZPXXCea2hgeKZZgiM-yWjewOWsi0T95_ppXz49ydYmB29CX9LYsgdij1QRc-eIxZaTWSqPuPMf=s16-w16-h16",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_t0y1-tBDGcDUPNy0RNYYV1HDtLLTpduj-VQ0ZwiUf63PVZmli5MxA0J3zqObL7mwkCaauLVWWxijHav7CtEAU7eKAsybwk3wRFsXSQJuqr=s16-w16-h16",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_usRR3tNqPEWkjSiEHAlYuknz-JGwEvfyDBXdw1JqMlUcpw9jPSRgtUh_5IQskRZpafg78CmhV-wFOsnuwDRxJLT2W1mtIdpsU-mei3-0pOvQ=s16-w16-h16",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_uIixwZxKWFgtasKPW1_PYyQ20wAXsyVgDre2JZksUvvTRErjB1PZBFAW4k76U4WNOhLtnnHsYrzBgHZEdXomWdW8-QJYr_E8C_SsiKyQ=s16-w16-h16",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_uTFMnvIVRN97tAxjZahY7SV5RJJL9c8SEPFjksT2QocRBXsPV1SN56MkiekFcSi8gdmm-a5XhJZr2cubpmViuulmQPFnEEfPYuOczNe1Otfhws0dw=s16-w16-h16",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_uxly-L8rd83jiJxvYYhrq034w6_vZjCpyIl1sRd11zlYq9iVcJC5IpAbv-FGjJMXVRy-ShhfvPy54DMbjGPnO0V2g1uaOF09NrB5NJk8ixmw=s16-w16-h16",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_uqrzx0c8z3ANWyAR8erAMqaTXrusl4UiQJm-LTkLf5gMaDpZFgLVmU-ziJL6k739Xvv3lylSFnQW_dL5FW0HfzxSgA33F27bXODmsBtdVIsEye9m_U9TOY-g=s16-w16-h16",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_uJroa0m88DreEH7vyipCxGkWxhHMzStrEOWgsK04khCam0CmhTHJbb4zNU8gxCe_hBkVt0Vw2O3WEjLjVYspxVWBaWX9b35rgAHjVAJzG9Ds4=s16-w16-h16",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_uuCJ6CJNsgQOL462lKkJYoXyPDcxMD8Xl4c36aaUpCY-MRxIH_o65WzimHiPnYFB_e6KxMOVO0bBjhf-cSZHsnmpjTl8znXIZVFg=s16-w16-h16",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_tzRWTjAY95alhMzjde3ru5NCjhLdR8MABlaAFnCbEO9chzxpp_tOEHLM1ivnvJtjckLZW08CLjWNnebSdqds_5qhrcJm8dVA=s16-w16-h16",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_v28250jLHC2-ymwNo4vhtWrkE3S6kxj889QShyWMwIcFl7wHmJsG7oaPfDqITcHagaY9GK4NGqNeWxfcH0rLg5LlRprfZNehPk6yIPu6wYJZb936qdmw=s16-w16-h16",
"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_syvmSHp2G2vlQMEaXsl6tcMY03G0IUh9tD4hwnmUhj6F3XiWkWtD2HV2gTtEk8R5fTiJE6Phvu0lf7mHq--dhjhlxJG7L5ybco2SJirw=s16-w16-h16",
"https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-zhDR9rQ2GWo/VjlnoqWOtVI/AAAAAAAAUDI/_cnDRioaCrE/s1600-r/IMG_1009.JPG",
"https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gWCRX41jCtY/WYPcv1UhALI/AAAAAAAAgEk/NBuFwB8C6KwLZ0VMGNJQiTsJVzz8bKMRQCK4BGAYYCw/s270/DSC09559.JPG",
"https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TTOYY-DntDo/WYPdDwApVoI/AAAAAAAAgEs/Q7g9hJT1-VwBr5vLnJbKmTB1Iz_BkFPvgCK4BGAYYCw/s270/IMG_4910.JPG",
"https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MjP7ojGWXcI/WYPdpgRpEqI/AAAAAAAAgE0/BY37RT8O8V0QvXlmd9JvrTpOwviYKOQaACK4BGAYYCw/s270/IMG_6096.JPG",
"https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-37aSFQRTDYY/VjlkwmN3vlI/AAAAAAAAUCk/fFMiDu85ZTI/s1600-r/July%2B23%2B13.jpg",
"https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ywC2MUKJhWU/VjlluD03V6I/AAAAAAAAUC8/5BvSJMbunFQ/s1600-r/DSC01050.JPG",
"https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IGcx5klO6kU/TwHAfW-R23I/AAAAAAAACw8/TjEUxKOqWb8/s350/DSC02594.JPG",
"https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QkbxTwcpCjI/WYPeEygglFI/AAAAAAAAgFE/YBMqLi_xjfUir6Mx0a4UIzweL-c6iLvMwCK4BGAYYCw/s270/IMG_6145%2B-%2BCopy.JPG",
"https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xsP0WaEOv04/ViooQG0WhdI/AAAAAAAAT9A/T_dwQpWiVk0/s1600-r/London%2B2014%2B031.JPG",
"https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-i7IUQ9lVuFc/VioodyCyhEI/AAAAAAAAT9M/A35Rb1zHJ2c/s1600-r/DSC06397.JPG",
"https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-u_eXuvzsMqo/Vion9Wir2sI/AAAAAAAAT80/H2jGXVzxyu4/s1600-r/DSC08011.JPG",
"https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Vdnul3Yu_8g/VjlobrLXpuI/AAAAAAAAUDU/ZbByQ2YS6Fs/s220/scan0003.jpg",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-netvibes.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-yahoo.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-netvibes.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/subscribe-yahoo.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/widgets/arrow_dropdown.gif",
"https://resources.blogblog.com/img/icon_feed12.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Marlene Eilers Koenig"
] | null |
en
|
https://royalmusingsblogspotcom.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
|
https://royalmusingsblogspotcom.blogspot.com/2012/04/princess-of-wied-wasnt-so-nice-after.html
| |||||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 53
|
https://medium.com/%40maria.grigorescu/in-the-footsteps-of-elisabeth-the-first-queen-of-romania-24fd8dbc4c2c
|
en
|
In the footsteps of Elisabeth, the first Queen of Romania
|
[
"https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:64:64/1*dmbNkD5D-u45r44go_cf0g.png",
"https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:88:88/1*YHvmhyPqFsVyZO3XRZv8AQ.jpeg",
"https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:144:144/1*YHvmhyPqFsVyZO3XRZv8AQ.jpeg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Maria Grigorescu",
"medium.com",
"@maria.grigorescu"
] |
2024-01-18T12:07:05.062000+00:00
|
Everybody likes history. There is always a story to be told from under the yellowed pages of the past, and it is uplifting to understand how our ancestors lived and how far we’ve come, but even more…
|
en
|
https://miro.medium.com/v2/5d8de952517e8160e40ef9841c781cdc14a5db313057fa3c3de41c6f5b494b19
|
Medium
|
https://medium.com/@maria.grigorescu/in-the-footsteps-of-elisabeth-the-first-queen-of-romania-24fd8dbc4c2c
|
Prompt: Carmen Sylva, Word count: under 750
Sinaia, a mountain resort in Romania, October 2023, The Cultural Centre “Carmen Sylva”.
Everybody likes history. There is always a story to be told from under the yellowed pages of the past, and it is uplifting to understand how our ancestors lived and how far we’ve come, but even more beautiful is to find the people and their souls behind the title. And this is what my article is about.
Elisabeth of Wied was a German princess who married Prince Carol of Romania, also a German prince, born as Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. Carol (Karl) was the Prince Carol of Romania between 1866 and 1881 and King of Romania from 1881 when Romania was proclaimed a kingdom until he died in 1914.
Elisabeth married Carol in 1869 and in 1881 when Carl became King she received the title of Queen. They had one child, a daughter who died at age 4 and Elisabeth will never recover from this loss.
|
||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 48
|
https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LHJ3-ZQ5/king-carol-i-of-romania-1839-1914
|
en
|
FamilySearch.org
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Discover your family history. Explore the world’s largest collection of free family trees, genealogy records and resources.
|
en
| null | |||||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 8
|
https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/elizabeth-wied-1843-1916
|
en
|
Elizabeth of Wied (1843–1916)
|
[
"https://www.encyclopedia.com/themes/custom/trustme/images/header-logo.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Elizabeth of Wied (1843–1916)Queen of Rumania",
"painter",
"musician",
"writer",
"poet",
"and translator. Name variations: Elisabeth of Rumania or Romania; Elizabeth",
"Queen of Rumania; Elisabeth zu Wied; (pseudonyms) Carmen Sylva and Dito Und Idem."
] | null |
[] | null |
Elizabeth of Wied (1843–1916)Queen of Rumania, painter, musician, writer, poet, and translator. Name variations: Elisabeth of Rumania or Romania; Elizabeth, Queen of Rumania; Elisabeth zu Wied; (pseudonyms) Carmen Sylva and Dito Und Idem. Source for information on Elizabeth of Wied (1843–1916): Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia dictionary.
|
en
|
/sites/default/files/favicon.ico
|
https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/elizabeth-wied-1843-1916
|
Queen of Rumania, painter, musician, writer, poet, and translator. Name variations: Elisabeth of Rumania or Romania; Elizabeth, Queen of Rumania; Elisabeth zu Wied; (pseudonyms) Carmen Sylva and Dito Und Idem. Born Pauline Elizabeth Ottilie Louise (or Luise) in Neuwied, Prussia, on December 29, 1843; died on March 3, 1916, in Curtea de Arges, Rumania; daughter of Prince Hermann of Neuwied; married Prince Karl von Hohenzollern also known as Carol I (1839–1914), king of Rumania (r. 1881–1914), on November 15, 1869; children: Marie (1870–1874).
Elizabeth of Wied, widely known for her cultural interests and voluminous writings, was the daughter of Prince Hermann of Neuwied. She met Prince Karl von Hohenzollern in Berlin and married him in 1869; 12 years later, in 1881, she became queen of Rumania and he became king as Carol I. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, Elizabeth tended the wounded, establishing the Order of Elizabeth (a gold cross on a blue ribbon), to reward others for similar service. She founded other charitable societies as well and helped foster the higher education of women in Rumania.
A talented musician and painter, as well as a writer, Elizabeth produced poems, plays, novels, short stories, essays, collections of adages, and
translations. In addition to her original works, many of which were written under the pen name of "Carmen Sylva," she also put into literary form much of the folklore of the Rumanian peasantry. Two of her earliest poetry collections, Sappho (1880) and Stuerme (1882), are notable, and in 1888, she received the Prix Botta, a prize awarded triennially by the French Academy, for her volume of prose aphorisms, Les Pensées d'une reine (1882), a German version of which is entitled Vom Amboss (1890). A volume of religious meditations in Rumanian, Cuvinte Su-fletesci (1888), was also translated into German in 1890 under the title of Seelen-Gespracke. Elizabeth also used the pseudonym "Dito Und Idem" to indicate the joint authorship of several works on which she collaborated with her lady-in-waiting Marie Kremnitz . They include Aus zwei Welten (1884), a novel, Anna Boleyn (1886), a tragedy, Inderlrre (1888), a collection of short stories, Edleen Vaughan; or Paths of Peril (1894), another novel, and Sweet Hours (1904), a collection of poems written in English. Among her translations are German versions of Pierre Loti's romance Pêcheur d'Islande, and Paul de St. Victor's dramatic criticisms Les Deux Masques. Particularly notable is The Bard of the Dimbovitza, an English version of Helene Vacarescu 's collection of Rumanian folksongs entitled Lieder aus dem Dimbovitzathal (1889), done in collaboration with Alma Strettell.
Kremnitz, Marie (1852–1916)
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 12
|
http://royal-splendor.blogspot.com/2019/01/carmen-sylva-queen-elisabeth-of-romania.html
|
en
|
Carmen Sylva: The Colorful Life of Queen Elisabeth of Romania
|
[
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic6o2b3Ym5gj2cLmeDgh0tXc8SILbA3g-0AYmz7dzl3s1ePEDHGfogCZgvT6FdLrHObS6dAE6FRAcArWPKCaOsNnAwP-u86_dqJJmo6eO9ZeF3JyCIausmwTFyiaMxPI6YuP8oTEr31QM/s640/486px-Elisabeth_%253B_Queen_of_Romania.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDoOil9ie8UVjTnRX1FBK6GaruqgdQnHZDGeGxuoeGxuUFJKNA1e3lSpC0rW5matmcSwkyh28DWqEtFTw8MTh2GwP5AToNqjy6BdnvoPeqTQbASEzEO5ZlNJmkZa1RNRHpiU-znK0YuC0/s1600/Franz_Duschek_-_Regina_Elisabeta.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhYKjyZp3c4eHS5-nr4Gq3UeV3eHIY2m3d3fUp3EBBqpCEaA7U5krEGgVv6-dvj2m9n43Mi7FkZ7a3N0sB0AzQ2eRMCieJqaYwUyhvDWLPHq8Ft4VHLX-msytTIINElxMEb54Awe2Hsz0/s1600/Regele_Carol_si_Regina_Elisabeta_-_Foto01.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYbuI7o6SKl_2r89jCIdHWBXfR67ny5dC13MRaTmBtZCqzAAxqDmS6QireUbhm7IqJznqnx4GodiBdVta2G19CNOPhyphenhyphenTN0BhT1_Tjt124n-vJOTg-zczrppbUTsSCyEH_D8XSemaHCt6Y/s640/Queen_Elisabeth_of_Romania_and_Princess_Maria.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGU8zdpJcDEy1BBMW98xgmzcj1YkBgucMp3xYB9kHG6EEKgGwwBMj71DZOzAV1rgSbdaB5rebYlohF6WCcEKYLDuKMJCCXZqksm9irSgrPmK8c1FyoPtNZHhHeWRG4_Wz4UvQ02Wz5Da4/s640/BeFunky+Collage.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZCP4uKuqIQfc1ey4oiyqVwA6sr2Rbo47PcxdzRmUU43STfJlL8dAeFeSdMXldFOGz7LyYGZ2WnM7P4nRy1c_hiBOh8u0X_M03D4574tZG4AtQ4kN6MjQh4Yi-_8iIybXwDP7F9kIi7BM/s640/Chatsworth_House_and_Bridge.jpg",
"https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhlhw1LjMZ2D4ouc3wTJZFPb-8YlHtBeFW98n_nWuTkumOFv0rhO0YhqBXeg_Ok1A8qqRCKJw4dgHCPFi4HzaW5_lP8HONPhD2J1dRHrfK_2dnOkF75ok73dGedk7DXCRZVThCqsnLumDVb98wpiE1YYpYpsHvuY0jd0zqrzvYZx0ksJbkOM9QCsjyz=s284"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"HeritageCapiz.org"
] |
2019-01-18T11:49:00+08:00
|
Queen Elisabeth of Romania also known as Carmen Sylva. Image from Wikimedia Commons Probably no other 20th century royal could m...
|
en
|
http://royal-splendor.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
|
http://royal-splendor.blogspot.com/2019/01/carmen-sylva-queen-elisabeth-of-romania.html
|
Everything you need to know about the world of royalty.
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 10
|
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/elisabeth-of-romania.html
|
en
|
res stock photography and images
|
[
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy-black.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy-black.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/mastercard.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/visa.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/amex.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/paypal.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/apple-pay.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/google-pay.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Alamy Limited"
] | null |
Find the perfect elisabeth of romania stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Available for both RF and RM licensing.
|
en
|
Alamy
|
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/elisabeth-of-romania.html
|
Alamy and its logo are trademarks of Alamy Ltd. and are registered in certain countries. Copyright © 21/08/2024 Alamy Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 45
|
https://tactileimages.org/en/history/i-principality-of-romania-en/queen-elizabeth-queen-consort-of-romania/
|
en
|
Queen Elizabeth (Queen consort of Romania)
|
[
"https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/logo2.png",
"https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Regina_Elisabeta-1080x675.png 1080w, https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Regina_Elisabeta-980x1385.png 980w, https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Regina_Elisabeta-480x678.png 480w",
"https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Regina_Elisabeta-1080x675.png",
"https://assets.pinterest.com/images/pidgets/pinit_fg_en_rect_gray_20.png",
"https://assets.pinterest.com/images/pidgets/pinit_fg_en_rect_gray_20.png",
"https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/plugins/facebook-pagelike-widget/loader.gif",
"https://tactileimages.org/wp-content/plugins/facebook-pagelike-widget/loader.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Alina Gabriela"
] |
2019-01-28T14:31:17+00:00
|
The image is one from the queen’s youth. During her lifetime she was noted for her social-artistic... she was known under the literary pen name Carmen Sylva
|
en
|
Tactile Images Encyclopedia
|
https://tactileimages.org/en/history/i-principality-of-romania-en/queen-elizabeth-queen-consort-of-romania/
|
Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise of Wied (n. 29 December 1843, Schloss Monrepos – d. 2 March 1916, Curtea de Argeș Cathedral)
Image description
The image is one from the queen’s youth. She is represented here with voluminous and coifed hair, big eyes, a long and straight nose, thin lips and wearing an elegant dress.
Her forehead is framed by her curly hair, depicted here by a compact texture with interrupting curved lines overlapped over small X’s.
She has a feather pinned to the side of her head, highlighted by slightly curved lines.
She is wearing a ball gown depicted by small diamonds. The dress has poufy sleeves and a fur collar reproduced here by the wavy texture which leaves her shoulders uncovered.
Historical information
Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise, Queen of Romania, between 1881 and 1916, was born on 29 December 1843 in the county of Wied in Germany [Bibliography 1]. She married Prince Carol I of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in 1869. In 1881, after Romania was proclaimed to be a kingdom, she was crowned Queen of Romania.
During her lifetime she was noted for her social-artistic and charitable activities, she was known under the literary pen name Carmen Sylva [Bibliography 2].
In literature she initially collaborated with Maria von Bardeleben (known as Mite Kremnitz), the wife of a German doctor who came to Romania during the Independence War (1877). Their collaboration resulted in the epistolary novel known as “The Novel of a Princess” published under the pen names “Ditto and Idem” [Bibliography 3]. The second novel the queen published was named Astra and was dedicated to her aunt, the Queen of Sweden. The two novels enjoyed impressive success and, as such, were published in several different languages [Bibliography 4].
Another cultural activity the queen enjoyed was copying on parchment paper, adorned with paintings, the twelve Gospels. The work was made for the Curtea de Argeș Cathedral in memory of her daughter Maria who had died at the age of 3. Queen Elizabeth is also the author of several volumes of poetry and prose such as The Peleș Stories (1882 and 1883), Through the ages (1885) – work dedicated to Vasile Alecsandri, The grand builder Manole (1892), The Journey on the Danube of a daughter of the Rhine (1905) [Bibliography 5].
Apart from her own contributions to Romanian literature, Queen Elizabeth also translated multiple works. She translated works of Romanian authors from French, English and German. [Bibliography 6].
Another prominent activity was caring for the wounded during the Russo-Turkish war during 1877-1878. In the period before the war, Princess Elizabeth was involved in the organization of hospitals and in creating an ambulance service. She was helped in those endeavors by the General Carol Davila, who served as the Inspector of the Sanitary Service, and by eight Prussian military doctors and five Albertine nuns sent to Romania by the Queen of Saxe.
According to Gabriel Badea-Păun, Elizabeth ”managed with the help of the money she received from certain Germanic courts to build two sheds in which up to 100 beds could be fitted, and all this inside the courtyard of the Cotroceni Palace” [Bibliography 7].
She also activated in the field of philanthropy and in 1906 she created ”Vatra luminoasă” to help those who were visually impaired. The neighborhood” Vatra luminoasă took its name from that of the establishment [Bibliography 8]. She also set up the Charity Sisters Institution (1879), The Queen Elizabeth Polyclinic (1896), The Evangelical Institute of the Deaconesses (1903) [Bibliography 9].
Queen Elizabeth died on 18th of February 1916 shortly before the kingdom would enter the First World War. She was interred at the Curtea de Argeș Cathedral [Bibliograhpy 10].
Bibliography
Gabriel Badea-Păun, Carmen Sylva. Uimitoarea regină Elisabeta a României, Editura Humanitas, trad. Ileana Margareta Nistor, București, 2012. pp. 24-25.
Lat. „Cântecul pădurii”.
3-4. Gabriel Badea-Păun, op. cit., p. 142.
George Bengescu, Carmen Sylva. Viața Reginei Elisabeta, Editura Porțile Orientului, Iași, 1995, p. 68.
Regina Elisabeta, available online at http://www.familiaregala.ro/istorie/regina-elisabetahttp://www.familiaregala.ro/istorie/regina-elisabeta[august 2018].
Gabriel Badea-Păun, op. cit., p. 102.
8-10. Regina Elisabeta, available online at http://www.familiaregala.ro/istorie/regina-elisabeta http://www.familiaregala.ro/istorie/regina-elisabeta [august 2018].
Download image:
http://imaginitactile.ro/images/6/62/Regina_Elisabeta.png
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 2
|
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania
|
en
|
Carol I of Romania
|
[
"https://simple.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png",
"https://simple.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg",
"https://simple.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-simple.svg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Carol_I_King_of_Romania.jpg/230px-Carol_I_King_of_Romania.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://simple.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://simple.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
] |
2009-01-13T16:16:11+00:00
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania
|
Carol I of Romania,[1] original name Prince Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, later simply of Hohenzollern (20 April 1839 - 10 October [O.S. 27 September] 1914), German prince, was elected Domnitor (Prince) of Romania on 20 April 1866, following the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan Cuza.[2] He reigned in 1881 in the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 . He died in October 1914 during World War 1 just after Austria-Hungary and Germany declared war on Serbia , Russia and France in August 1914
↑ Larousse, Éditions. "Larousse.fr : encyclopédie et dictionnaires gratuits en ligne". www.larousse.fr.
↑ Stoica, Vasile (1919). The Roumanian Question: The Roumanians and their Lands. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Printing Company. p. 70.
Other websites
[change | change source]
Media related to Carol I of Romania at Wikimedia Commons
Online edition of Carol's 1899 book Reminiscences of the King of Roumania
|
||||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 11
|
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carol-I
|
en
|
Carol I | Modernization, Unification & Reformation
|
[
"https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/95/115195-131-5A6187D9/Napoleon-His-Imperial-Robes-Francois-Gerard-Versailles-1805.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/24/243624-131-B9802941/King-Charles-III-Queen-Camilla-wave-balcony-Buckingham-Palace-Coronation-May-6-2023.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/53/218653-131-FFE69F0A/King-George-V-Britain-circa-1910.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/01/190901-131-2048BEEC/vector-illustration-sport-pentathlon-competition-series-Fencing.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/42/149842-131-25856DB0/Ethel-Rosenberg-arrest-August-1950.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/47/190947-131-FCF3F960/Olympic-torch-illustration-sports-summer-games.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/31/142331-131-EE300AF6/basketball-Orange-background-lighting-Homepage-entertainment-history-2010.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/91/223091-131-A986B08A/relief-Zoroastrian-god-Ahura-Mazda-Persepolis-Iran.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/52/196952-131-0665E4EE/Egyptians-hieroglyphics-carvings.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop",
"https://cdn.britannica.com/55/164555-131-D8A6E6C8/rat-glass-table.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Carol I",
"encyclopedia",
"encyclopeadia",
"britannica",
"article"
] | null |
[
"The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica"
] |
1998-07-20T00:00:00+00:00
|
Carol I was the first king of Romania, whose long reign (as prince, 1866–81, and as king, 1881–1914) brought notable military and economic development along Western lines but failed to solve the basic problems of an overwhelmingly rural country. As a German prince, Carol was educated in Dresden and
|
en
|
/favicon.png
|
Encyclopedia Britannica
|
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carol-I
|
Carol I (born April 20, 1839, Sigmaringen, Prussia [now in Germany]—died October 10, 1914, Sinaia, Romania) was the first king of Romania, whose long reign (as prince, 1866–81, and as king, 1881–1914) brought notable military and economic development along Western lines but failed to solve the basic problems of an overwhelmingly rural country.
As a German prince, Carol was educated in Dresden and Bonn and in 1864 served as an officer of the Prussian army in the war against Denmark. With the tacit approval of his cousin, the French emperor Napoleon III, he was offered the throne of Romania after the deposition of the reigning prince, Alexandru Cuza (February 1866), and in April 1866 was elected prince by plebiscite. In 1869 he married the princess Elizabeth of Wied, who later gained fame as the poetess Carmen Sylva. His Germanophile sentiments caused him to be domestically unpopular during the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71), and in 1871 unrest almost forced his abdication; but he regained popular support for his military leadership at the Battle of Plevna during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78), and, with Romania’s complete independence from the Ottoman Empire, he was finally crowned king (May 1881). In 1883 he concluded an alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary, which remained a closely guarded state secret until the outbreak of World War I. He fostered the development of urban industrial and financial interests with a large measure of success and significantly built the national military establishment; but his neglect of rural problems—especially peasant land hunger—found its issue in the bloody peasant rebellion of 1907, which claimed perhaps several thousand lives. His rule brought a great measure of dignity and stability to the administration of government, but his manipulation of political parties also perpetuated some of the worst features of Romanian public life. He favoured entrance into World War I on the side of the Central Powers but accepted the decision of the Crown Council to declare neutrality.
|
||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 13
|
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php%3Ffbid%3D122160536858232258%26set%3Da.122135335760232258%26type%3D3
|
en
|
Facebook
|
https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico
|
https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico
|
[
"https://facebook.com/security/hsts-pixel.gif?c=3.2"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Sieh dir auf Facebook Beiträge, Fotos und vieles mehr an.
|
de
|
https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico
|
https://www.facebook.com/login/
| ||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 49
|
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5052493/
|
en
|
Professor Doctor Carol Davila, General: the founder
|
[
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/pmc/pmcgifs/logo-jmedlife.gif",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5052493/bin/JMedLife-02-237-g001.jpg",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5052493/bin/JMedLife-02-237-g002.jpg",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5052493/bin/JMedLife-02-237-g003.jpg",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5052493/bin/JMedLife-02-237-g004.jpg",
"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5052493/bin/JMedLife-02-237-g005.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Florian Popa",
"Dan Mischeanu",
"Victor Lorin Purcarea"
] | null |
en
|
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon.ico
|
PubMed Central (PMC)
|
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5052493/
|
On August 24, 2009 there will have been 125 years from the death of Professor Doctor Carol Davila, General.
This article could have had the name “The Merits of Carol Davila” or “The Heritage of Carol Davila” or “A MAN for a nation”. It is clear that Professor Doctor Carol Davila, General was the founder of many institutions, contributing significantly and decisively to the progress of the Romanian society, permanently living and thinking to the benefit of the patients. He was an astonishing personality who gained the patients’ over and remained in their minds for always, due to the realization of the equality between promise and deed.
He was an exceptional doctor, founder of the National School of Medicine and Pharmacy, who dedicated himself to his job bringing rigueur and professionalism where only good intentions and amateurism were present, creating an ordered, meaningful structure, in which he was able to realize whatever his visionary spirit had thought and wanted, thanks to his exceptional will and tenacity.
The man whose visiting card, at the end of his life, was composed of only one word: DAVILA, was born on April 8, 1828 in Avila, Italy, near Parma. His name was believed to be Charles Antoine Francois by some; others believed that his name was Carlos Antonio Francesco d’Avila. Some sources state the fact that he was the son of the musician Franz Liszt and the Countess d’Agoult and others say he was the son of the same Liszt (who was only 17 years old in 1828?!) and Mrs. Crig (or de Krick). However, it is certain that Carol Davila did not enjoy talking about “biographies”.
He lived in Frankfurt-Main, Germany his first 10 years of life, and then he went to Limoges, France (where he began studying French in high school). Between 1843 and 1845 he ended up in Nantes, as a student trainee, in Leon le Sant’s drugstore.
It is probable that this was the moment he started to think with pleasure to the pharmaceutical techniques and to which, later, have become the famous “Davila drops” – the tincture made up of peppermint oil, rhubarb, alcoholic extract of cinnamon and tincture of opium, which were beneficial in reducing vomiting in cholera.
After 1845 he continued the high school in Angers, graduating in 1847. He worked as a stagier pharmacist in C. S. Ollivier’s drugstore. He took medical instructions and graduated from high school in the so-called “Preparatory School of Medicine and Pharmacy” (November 1, 1847-1850). In order for him to become a Medical Doctor he had to continue the studies at the Faculty of Medicine, in Paris.
In 1853, he was graduating that university presenting his PhD diploma "From Prophylaxis to Syphilis”, in spite of some financial difficulties.
Sometimes, it is said that “the end of an adventure is only the beginning of another one and that everything has an explanation in the end!”
The Prince of Wallachia, Barbu Stirbei made an announcement in which he was asking for a doctor to organize the medical service of the army and, in the same time to be a personal doctor of the ruler. The French consul Bechard (married to one of Lascar Catargiu’s daughters, and son of the Dean of the Faculty of Medicine in Paris), made this announcement public in the capital of France, and the person recommended by the Dean for the job was Carol Davila himself. He reached Wallachia on March 13, 1853 and enters it from Giurgiu. He would remain on that territory for always (it is said that he had had a request to become a doctor at the Persian Chess’ Manor!, which he declined). He amazed the state leadership from the very beginning- he disappeared without any notice for 3 days leaving in his first sanitary inspection and came back with a strong project of sanitary reform. At first, he was given shelter in a humble place, full of damp and very dark on the dock of Dambovita. Due to that place he suffered from joint rheumatism, he ended up with stiffen of the right elbow. This explains his habit of keeping his right arm at the back- a thing which was also surprised by the sculptor Carol Storck while making the famous statue of Carol Davila in front of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (this statue was inaugurated on October 13, 1903).
The fact that Carol Davila came to Wallachia was an adventure, a chance or destiny? No matter what it had been, his accomplishments remain over the years and represent great icons of a nation which was at the beginning of the road.
The doctor Carol Davila conceived a functional medical system by organizing both the military and the civil services.
Soon after his arrival in Wallachia he was made Chief at the Hospital of the Army of Mihai Voda where he introduced “the spirit of discipline and the sense of responsibility”, new ways of treatment (blood transfusion – for the first time in our country) and anti smallpox vaccination. In 1856 he was made supra-doctor of the army and his hiring contract was prolonged for another 6 years.
In the summer of 1859 Dr. Carol Davila, General (made General by Al. I. Cuza) was made Superior Doctor of all the troupes in the principality, by a decree published in “Monitorul Oficial” and, in 1862 he was named the Chief of the Sanitary Service of the Unified Country (equivalent to the function of Ministry of Health).
The following words of Carol Davila must be learnt: “Finding the new country, Romania, on the shores of the Danube, the France of the Orient, as far as traditional ideas and civilization aspirations of the bigger sister are concerned, I have become both with my heart and my action, a Romanian citizen”.
However, Carol Davila’s bigger accomplishment is the reorganization and the edification of the Romanian medical education. He proposed and turned the Little School of Surgery into the National School of Medicine and Pharmacy (in 1857, a fact which was highlighted by the royal decree 1092/ 1857) and, in 1869 it became the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bucharest. The diplomas given in Bucharest were and still are recognized in France and Italy.
He had preoccupations of internal medicine, epidemiology, orthopedics and abdominal surgery; he introduced modern treatments in the hospitals as well as the laboratory tests.
He created at the Central Military Hospital the first laboratory of chemical analyses. He contributed to the apparition of the first medical journal “Romanian Pharmacopoeia” and he founded the Red Cross Society in Romania. He introduced, just like in France, the exams for admission and graduation from the university and the obligatoriness of the doctorate papers. He contributed to the founding of the Botanic Garden in Bucharest having a triple purpose: knowledge, relaxation and rest but also the plant resource for pharmaceutical substances!. He founded “Elena Doamna” asylum and lots of orphanages. Moreover, he was the health adviser for three important leaders: Barbu Stirbei, Alexandru Ioan Cuza and Carol I. Many of his students have become, over the years, teachers of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bucharest.
He also had Masonic preoccupations. Taking into account some sources, he was initiated in 1874 and shortly after, he became Venerable Master of the Freemasons’ Lodge in Heliopolis. In 1875 he became President of the Masonic Committee for the helping of the citizens of Bucharest affected by the floods.
Between 1879 and 1884 he was Pro Great Master of the Big Orient of Romania.
He had an uncurbed character, sometimes with choleric accents; he was a good organizer with a prodigious intelligence.
He had not been kept away from trouble. His second wife Ana Davila (born Racovita) died because of a medical malpractice - taking strychnine instead of quinine, prescribed by a colleague of the General. Until his death (due to cardiac causes), left alone with his 4 children (Alexandru, Zoe, Elena and Pia), he continued to work with self-sacrifice and devotion.
His resting place is in a tomb on the hill of Cotroceni (in fact the hill of Tacalia).
Analyzing the data and looking back at the accomplishments of Dr. Carol Davila, General, we can conclude, referring to the character of the man that: he was tenacious, calm and patient in realizing his objectives, he appreciated the truth and precision, he often made proof of modesty and was loyal to the authority of the time.
Today, the University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Bucharest, Carol Davila University Foundation and Printing House, the Central Clinical Military Emergency Hospital and the Nephrology Clinical Hospital in Bucharest all bear his name, with great devoutness and gratitude.
What should not be omitted the moment we bring to discussion the ACTS of Carol Davila is his intelligence, his providential organizational spirit, his culture which was inspired from many sources, his prudence and the flexibility of his spirit perfectly adapted to the character of the Romanian people, in which he had fully integrated and, last but not least, his diligence and courage to implement and carry out so many projects.
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 52
|
https://www.storyjumper.com/book/read/63338225/Queen-Elisabeth-of-Romania
|
en
|
"Queen Elisabeth of Romania" - Free stories online. Create books for kids
|
https://coverimg-cdn.storyjumper.net/coverimg/63338225/Queen-Elisabeth-of-Romania?nv=15&width=170
|
https://coverimg-cdn.storyjumper.net/coverimg/63338225/Queen-Elisabeth-of-Romania?nv=15&width=170
|
[
"https://coverimg-cdn.storyjumper.net/coverimg/63338225/Queen-Elisabeth-of-Romania?nv=15&width=510&reader=t",
"https://www.storyjumper.com/images/cloud-logo-250.png",
"https://coverimg-cdn.storyjumper.net/coverimg/144341341/BETZY-STERLING-GIRL-DETECTIVE?nv=15&width=170",
"https://coverimg-cdn.storyjumper.net/coverimg/171538721/Three-Perfect-Princesses?nv=12&width=170",
"https://coverimg-cdn.storyjumper.net/coverimg/152680181/William-Shakespeare-23-April-1564-23-April-1616-renowned-English?nv=2&width=170",
"https://coverimg-cdn.storyjumper.net/coverimg/78817815/Herbert-George-Wells?nv=20&width=170",
"https://www.storyjumper.com/images/google_signin@2x.png",
"https://www.storyjumper.com/images/facebook_64.png",
"https://www.storyjumper.com/images/twitter_64.png",
"https://www.storyjumper.com/sjqr/?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.storyjumper.com%2Fgo%2Fpsswct8z%2Fqr",
"https://www.storyjumper.com/images/facebook_48.png",
"https://www.storyjumper.com/images/twitter_48.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Xenia Voloșenco"
] | null |
The biography of Elisabeth of Wied, Queen of Romania, known by her literary name Carmen Sylva, and her literary works. Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise ...
|
https://www.storyjumper.com/favicon.ico
| null | |||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 30
|
https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/fine-art-prints/French-School/939758/Portrait-of-the-Princess-of-Romania-Elisabeth-Pauline-Ottilie-Louise-de-Wied,-wife-of-the-future-King-Carol-I-of-Romania.-Engraving-in-Le-Monde-Illustr%25C3%25A9-n%25C2%25B01054-of-23-June-1877..html
|
en
|
Portrait of the Princess of Romania Elisabeth Pauline Ottilie Louise de Wied, wife of the future King Carol I of Romania. Engraving in Le Monde Illustré n°1054 of 23 June 1877.
|
[
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/logo_white.min.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/kunstwerke/headerscarousel/13585.jpg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#de",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#gb",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#it",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#es",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#fr",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#nl",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#pt",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#se",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#pl",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#dk",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/logo_small.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/kunstwerke/1260px/French_School_-_Portrait_of_the_Princess_of_Romania_Elisabeth_Pauline_Ottilie_Louise_de_Wied_%2818_-_%28MeisterDrucke-939758%29.jpg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/icon-heart.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/icon-heart.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/icon-palette.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/icon-room.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/armode.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/borders/none.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/preview_icons/thumb/0.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/customerservice2.jpg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/phone.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/envelope.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/clock.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/venusonly.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/customerservice2.jpg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/phone.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/envelope.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/clock.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/logo_small.svg",
"https://images.provenexpert.com/d0/6a/05811ddf346f1cbbc67ec54ece67/widget_landscape_195_de_1.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/footer_logos_2k20.jpg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/franz_joseph.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/logo_small.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/franz_joseph.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/footer_logos_2k20.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Portrait of the Princess of Romania Elisabeth Pauline Ottilie Louise de Wied, wife of the future King Carol I of Romania. Engraving in Le Monde Illustré n°1054 of 23 June 1877.
|
en
|
/favicon.svg
|
MeisterDrucke
|
https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/fine-art-prints/French-School/939758/Portrait-of-the-Princess-of-Romania-Elisabeth-Pauline-Ottilie-Louise-de-Wied,-wife-of-the-future-King-Carol-I-of-Romania.-Engraving-in-Le-Monde-Illustré-n°1054-of-23-June-1877..html
|
(Portrait of the Princess of Romania Elisabeth Pauline Ottilie Louise de Wied (1839-1914), wife of the future King Charls 1st (Carol 1st) of Romania. Engraving in “” Le Monde Illustré”” n°1054 of 23 June 1877.)
French School
Undated · Engraving · Picture ID: 939758 Cultural Circles
Portrait of the Princess of Romania Elisabeth Pauline Ottilie Louise de Wied, wife of the future King Carol I of Romania. Engraving in Le Monde Illustré n°1054 of 23 June 1877. by French School. Available as an art print on canvas, photo paper, watercolor board, uncoated paper or Japanese paper.
engraving · black and white · woman · bianchetticor · romanian · portrait · romania · engraving · queen · 19
|
||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 29
|
https://www.flickr.com/photos/123916455%40N02/14827412285
|
en
|
Elisabeth of Wied, Queen of Romania
|
[
"https://live.staticflickr.com/2938/14827412285_ceba586e42.jpg",
"https://live.staticflickr.com/2938/14827412285_ceba586e42.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Flickr",
"Strings of Pearl's",
"Strings of Pearl's"
] |
2024-08-21T18:38:30.941000+00:00
|
Born Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise zu Wied in 1843, she was the Queen of Romania as the wife consort of King Carol I. She was the daughter of Hermann, Prince of Wied, and his wife Princess Marie of Nassau.
As a young girl, sixteen-year-old Elisabeth was considered as a possible bride for Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (the future Edward VII of the United Kingdom).
In 1869 she married Prince Carol of Romania. Their only child, a daughter, Maria, died in 1874 at age three — an event from which Elisabeth never recovered. She was crowned Queen of Romania in 1881 after Romania was proclaimed a kingdom.
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 she devoted herself to the care of the wounded, and founded the Order of Elizabeth (a gold cross on a blue ribbon) to reward distinguished service in such work. She fostered the higher education of women in Romania, and established societies for various charitable objects.
In 1881, due to the lack of heirs to the Romanian throne, King Carol I adopted his nephew, Ferdinand. Ferdinand, became very close to one of Elisabeth's ladies in waiting Elena Văcărescu. Elisabeth, very close to Elena herself, encouraged the romance even though she knew nothing could come of it.
The result was Elisabeth was exiled to Neuwied, Germany.
According to notes she made in her diary, Elisabeth was more in favour of a Republican form of government than a monarchy.
Elisabeth died at Curtea de Argeș in 1916.
|
en
|
https://combo.staticflickr.com/pw/favicon.ico
|
Flickr
|
https://www.flickr.com/photos/123916455@N02/14827412285
|
Born Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise zu Wied in 1843, she was the Queen of Romania as the wife consort of King Carol I. She was the daughter of Hermann, Prince of Wied, and his wife Princess Marie of Nassau.
As a young girl, sixteen-year-old Elisabeth was considered as a possible bride for Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (the future Edward VII of the United Kingdom).
In 1869 she married Prince Carol of Romania. Their only child, a daughter, Maria, died in 1874 at age three — an event from which Elisabeth never recovered. She was crowned Queen of Romania in 1881 after Romania was proclaimed a kingdom.
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 she devoted herself to the care of the wounded, and founded the Order of Elizabeth (a gold cross on a blue ribbon) to reward distinguished service in such work. She fostered the higher education of women in Romania, and established societies for various charitable objects.
In 1881, due to the lack of heirs to the Romanian throne, King Carol I adopted his nephew, Ferdinand. Ferdinand, became very close to one of Elisabeth's ladies in waiting Elena Văcărescu. Elisabeth, very close to Elena herself, encouraged the romance even though she knew nothing could come of it.
The result was Elisabeth was exiled to Neuwied, Germany.
According to notes she made in her diary, Elisabeth was more in favour of a Republican form of government than a monarchy.
Elisabeth died at Curtea de Argeș in 1916.
|
||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 0
|
https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/elisabeth-of-wied-queen-of-romania/
|
en
|
Elisabeth of Wied, Queen of Romania
|
[
"https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/cropped-Buckingham-Palace_2018.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Elisabeth_%3B_Queen_of_Romania.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Carol_I_with_his_wife_Elisabeth.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Carol_I%2C_Elisabeta_and_Maria.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/BASA-3K-15-379-1-Queen_Elisabeth_of_Romania.jpeg/800px-BASA-3K-15-379-1-Queen_Elisabeth_of_Romania.jpeg",
"https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/plugins/subscribe-connect-follow-widget/images/32px/rss.png",
"https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/plugins/subscribe-connect-follow-widget/images/32px/facebook.png",
"https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/wp-content/plugins/subscribe-connect-follow-widget/images/32px/twitter.png",
"https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/scr/pixel.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2016-03-21T00:00:10+00:00
|
by Scott Mehl © Unofficial Royalty 2016 Princess Elisabeth of Wied, Queen of Romania Queen Elisabeth of Romania was the wife of Romania’s first king, Carol I. She was born Princess Pauline Elisabet…
|
en
|
Unofficial Royalty
|
https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/elisabeth-of-wied-queen-of-romania/
|
by Scott Mehl
© Unofficial Royalty 2016
Princess Elisabeth of Wied, Queen of Romania
Queen Elisabeth of Romania was the wife of Romania’s first king, Carol I. She was born Princess Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise of Wied on December 29, 1843, at Schloss Monrepos in Neuwied, Principality of Wied, now in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Her parents were Hermann, Prince of Wied and Princess Marie of Nassau, and she had two younger brothers:
Wilhelm, Prince of Wied (1845-1907) – married Princess Marie of the Netherlands, had issue
Prince Otto of Wied (1850-1862) – unmarried
Through her mother, Elisabeth’s first cousins included Grand Duke Guillaume IV of Luxembourg, Queen Emma of the Netherlands, Princess Helena, Duchess of Albany, and King Gustaf V of Sweden.
As a child, Elisabeth was educated at home by tutors, including German linguist Georg Sauerwein and famed pianist Clara Schumann. Elisabeth was an avid student, and for some time wanted to become a teacher. Her love of music and the arts – particularly writing – would shape the woman she would become as an adult. It was even during her early years studying with Sauerwein that her pseudonym ‘Carmen Sylva’ was born.
In the late 1850s, Elisabeth was considered as a prospective bride of the future King Edward VII of the United Kingdom, but he was not interested. In 1861, she first met her future husband, Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. Several years later, he was later elected Ruling Prince of the United Principalities of Romania, taking the name Prince Carol I. After meeting again in 1869 when Carol was touring Europe in search of a bride, the couple was married in Neuwied on November 15, 1869. They had one daughter – Maria – born in September 1870. Maria died of scarlet fever in 1874, and Elisabeth never fully recovered from the loss of her only child.
Soon the country was embroiled in the Russo-Turkish War, and Elisabeth worked tirelessly to care for the wounded, arranging for hospitals, ambulance services, and medicine. She later went on to establish the Queen Elisabeth Society which provided free medical care for the needy, and the Queen Elisabeth Blind Asylum in 1909, for the visually impaired. In addition, she became an ambassador of sorts, promoting Romanian culture and arts throughout the country and Europe. At a time when traditional Romanian costume was often considered ‘peasants garments’, Elisabeth and her ladies-in-waiting often dressed in the outfits for public appearances. She arranged for exhibits of Romanian crafts at the Universal Exhibitions in Paris in 1867,1889 and 1900, as well as holding an exhibit – Women in the Arts and Crafts – in Berlin in 1912. When Romania was not quite part of the normal ‘tourist circuit’, Elisabeth promoted the country and would even receive travelers on the Orient Express when they would stop in Sinaia.
A relentless patron of the arts, she often hosted writers, composers, and musicians, and helped promote their works. In later years, she had a concert hall built near Peleș Castle specifically for George Enescu, the famed Romanian musician. But her true passion was writing. Under the pseudonym Carmen Sylva, she wrote hundreds of poems, plays, novels, short stories and essays, and thanks to her fluency in several languages, published numerous translations of other works.
Shortly after becoming Queen of Romania in 1881, Elisabeth was embroiled in controversy. Having no children, King Carol had adopted his nephew, the future King Ferdinand, as his heir. Ferdinand soon became involved with one of Elisabeth’s ladies-in-waiting, Elena Văcărescu. The Queen encouraged the relationship, despite the fact that a marriage would be forbidden under the Romanian constitution which stated that the heir was not permitted to marry a Romanian citizen. The scandal resulted in Elena, Ferdinand, and Queen Elisabeth all being sent out of the country. The Queen returned for some time to Neuwied, while Ferdinand was sent on a tour of Europe to find an appropriate wife.
In her later years, Elisabeth continued to support and promote the arts and continued with her writing. She died on March 2, 1916, and is buried beside her husband at the Cathedral of the Curtea de Argeş Monastery.
This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.
Romania Resources at Unofficial Royalty
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 93
|
https://www.oocities.org/henrivanoene/genromania.html
|
en
|
Genealogy of the Royal Family of Romania
|
[
"https://www.flags.net/elements/gif_flags/RMNA001.GIF",
"https://pages.prodigy.net/ptheroff/gotha/Roumanie.gif",
"https://worldroots.com/brigitte/gifs12/karol1romania1839-4.jpg",
"https://worldroots.com/brigitte/gifs12/elizabethromania1843-2.jpg",
"https://www.oocities.org/henrivanoene/images/ferdinand1romania.gif",
"https://worldroots.com/brigitte/gifs11/maryedinburgh1876-24.jpg",
"https://worldroots.com/brigitte/gifs12/elisabethroumania1894-10.jpg",
"https://www.oocities.org/henrivanoene/images/GiorgiosIIGreece.jpg",
"https://worldroots.com/brigitte/gifs4/marieroumania1900-6.jpg",
"https://worldroots.com/brigitte/gifs3/alexander1yugo1924.jpg",
"https://worldroots.com/brigitte/gifs12/nicholasroumania1903.jpg",
"https://www.oocities.org/henrivanoene/images/carol2romania.gif",
"https://www.oocities.org/henrivanoene/images/elenaromania.gif",
"https://www.oocities.org/henrivanoene/images/michai1ofromania.jpg",
"https://www.oocities.org/henrivanoene/images/anneofromania.jpg",
"https://www.oocities.org/henrivanoene/images/MargaritaofRomania2.jpg",
"https://www.oocities.org/henrivanoene/images/RaduDuda.jpg",
"https://www.oocities.org/henrivanoene/images/MariaofRomania.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null |
Genealogy of the Royal Family of Romania1
House of Hohenzollern
HM Carol I King of Romania, Prince of Hohenzollern
(Born as: HSH Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig Prince von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)
(Since April 20th, 1866:) HSH Carol I Prince of Romania, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
(Since September 3rd, 1869:) HSH Carol I Prince of Romania, Prince of Hohenzollern
* Sigmaringen, April 20th, 1839
Pelesch Castle, Sinaia, October 10th, 1914
Prince of Romania (elected: April 20th, 1866); King of Romania (proclaimed: March 26th, 1881)
Married:
Neuwied, November 15th, 1869:
HSH Elisabeth Princess zu Wied
* Neuwied, December 29th, 1843
Curtea de Arges, March 3rd, 1916
(Known as the writer Carmen Sylva)
Child from this marriage:
HSH Marie Princess of Romania, Princess of Hohenzollern
* Bucharest, September 8th, 1870
Pelesch Castle, Sinaia, April 9th, 1874
HM Ferdinand I Viktor Albert Meinrad King of Romania, Prince of Hohenzollern ("Nando")
(Born as: HSH Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad Prince von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)
(Since September 3rd, 1869:) HSH Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad Prince von Hohenzollern
(Since 1889:) HRH Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad Crown Prince of Romania, Prince of Hohenzollern
* Sigmaringen, August 24th, 1865
Sinaia, July 20th, 1927
Crown Prince of Romania 1889
King of Romania, October 10th, 1914
Married:
(civil, Roman Catholic and Anglican) Schlo� Sigmaringen, Sigmaringen, January 10th, 1893:
HRH Mary Alexandra Victoria Princess of Great Britain and Ireland, Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duchess of Saxony ("Missy")
* Eastwell Park, Kent, October 29th, 1875
The Pelisor, Sinaia, July 18th, 1938
Children from this marriage:
HM Carol II King of Romania, Prince of Hohenzollern
HRH Elisabeta Charlotte Josephine Alexandra Victoria Princess of Romania, Princess of Hohenzollern
* Pelesch Castle, Sinaia, October 11th n.s., 1894
Villa Rose Alba, Cannes, Alpes-Maritimes, November 15th, 1956
Married:
Bucharest, February 27th, 1921:
HM Giorgios II King of the Hellenes
(Born as: HRH Giorgios Prince of Greece and Denmark)
(Since March 18th, 1913:) HRH Giorgios Crown Prince of Greece, Prince of Denmark
* Tatoi Palace near Athens, June 19th n.s., 1890
Royal Palace, Athens, April 1st, 1947
Crown Prince of Greece, March 18th, 1913 - June 11th, 1917 and since December 19th, 1920
King of the Hellenes, September 27th, 1922 (left Greece, March 25th, 1923; restored to the throne, November 3rd, 1935; forced to leave Greece again following the German invasion, April 23rd, 1941; recalled to the throne, September 28th, 1946)
(Divorced: Bucharest, July 6th, 1935)
HRH Marie Princess of Romania, Princess of Hohenzollern ("Mignon")
* Schlo� Friedenstein, Gotha, January 8th, 1900
London, June 22nd, 1961
Married:
Belgrade, June 8th, 1922:
HM Aleksandar I King of Yugoslavia
(Born as: Aleksandar Karadjordjevic)
(Since June 15th n.s., 1903:) HRH Aleksandar Prince of Serbia
(Since March 28th n.s., 1909:) HRH Aleksandar Crown Prince of Serbia
(Since November 24th, 1918:) HRH Aleksandar Crown Prince of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
(Since August 16th, 1921:) HM Aleksandar I King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
* Cetinje, December 16th n.s., 1888
(assassinated) Marseille, October 9th, 1934
Crown Prince of Serbia, March 28th n.s., 1909; Crown Prince of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, November 24th, 1918
King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, August 16th, 1921; King of Yugoslavia, October 3rd, 1929
HRH Nicolae Prince of Romania, Prince of Hohenzollern ("Nicky")
(Since April 9th, 1937:) Nicolae Brana
(Since June 10th, 1942:) Nicolae Hohenzollern
(Since January 15th, 1947:) HRH Nicolae Prince of Hohenzollern
* Pelesch Castle, Sinaia, August 18th, 1903
Madrid, July 9th, 1978
Prince Regent of Romania, July 20th, 1927 - June 8th, 1930 (for his nephew King Mihai I)
Deprived of the style and title HRH Prince of Romania by decision of the Crown Council and assumed the surname Brana, April 9th, 1937; assumed the surname Hohenzollern, June 10th, 1942; assumed - with the approval of HH The Prince von Hohenzollern - the style and title HRH Prince of Hohenzollern, January 15th, 1947
Married:
Tohani, October 24th, 1931:
Joana Lucia Dumitrescu-Doletti
* Bucharest, September 24th, 1902
Lausanne, February 19th, 1963
Lausanne, July 13th, 1967:
Thereza Lisboa Figueira de Mello
* Rome, June 10th, 1913
Madrid, March 30th, 1997
HRH Ileana Princess of Romania, Princess of Hohenzollern
HRH Mircea Prince of Romania, Prince of Hohenzollern
* Bucharest, January 3rd, 1913
Buftea near Bucharest, November 2nd, 1916
HM Carol II King of Romania, Prince of Hohenzollern
* Pelesch Castle, Sinaia, October 15th n.s., 1893
Estoril, April 4th, 1953
Crown Prince of Romania, October 14th, 1914 (renounced his right of succession, December 25th, 1925; returned to Romania and reclaimed his rights, June 6th, 1930)
King of Romania, June 8th, 1930 (abdicated: September 6th, 1940)
Married:
Pokrovska Church, Odessa, August 31st, 1918:
Joana Marie Valentina (Zizi) Lambrino
* Roman, October 3rd, 1898
Paris, March 11th, 1953
(Annulled: April 13th, 1919)
Athens, March 10th, 1921:
HRH Elena Princess of Greece and Denmark ("Sitta")
* Athens, May 2nd n.s., 1896
Lausanne, November 28th, 1982
(Divorced: Bucharest, June 21st, 1928)
(civil) Rio de Janeiro, July 3rd, 1947 and (religious) Lisbon, August, 18th, 1949:
Elena Lupescu
* Hertza, Moldavia, September 15th, 1899
Villa Mar y Sol, Estoril, June 29th, 1977
Granted the style and title HRH Princess of Hohenzollern by HH The Prince von Hohenzollern
Child from the first marriage:
Mircea Gregor Carol Lambrino
(Since December 17th, 1955:) Mircea Gregor Carol Hohenzollern
* Bucharest, January 8th, 1920
(His legitimacy was recognized by court, Paris, December 17th, 1955)
Married:
Paris, March 22nd, 1944:
H�l�ne Henri�tte Nagavitzine
* Paris, May 26th, 1925
(Divorced: Paris, May 3rd, 1960)
(civil) Sa�nt Maur-sur-Loire, Eu-et-Loire and (religious) Romanian Church, Paris, December 20th, 1960:
Thelma Jeanne Williams
* Nashville, Tennessee, November 15th, 1930
Rutland Regional Medical Center, Rutland, Vermont, June 5th, 1988
(Divorced: 1977)
(civil) Fulham Town Hall, London, June 27th, 1984:
Antonia Colville
* Bracken, Church Crookham, Hampshire, May 29th, 1939
Child from the first marriage:
Paul Philippe Hohenzollern
(Born as: Paul Philippe Lambrino)
* Paris, August 13th, 1948
Married:
(civil and religious) Bucharest, September 15th, 1996:
Lia Georgia Triff
* Great Lakes, Illinois, February 23rd, 1949
Child from the second marriage:
Ion George Nicholas Alexander Hohenzollern
* St. Mary's Hospital, Poole, Dorset, September 1st, 1961
Child from the second marriage:
HM Mihai I King of Romania, Prince of Hohenzollern
HM Mihai I King of Romania, Prince of Hohenzollern
(Born as: HRH Mihai Prince of Romania, Prince of Hohenzollern)
(Between December 25th, 1925 and July 20th, 1927 and between June 8th, 1930 and September 6th, 1940:) HRH Mihai Crown Prince of Romania, Prince of Hohenzollern
* The Foishor, Sinaia, October 25th, 1921
Crown Prince of Romania, December 25th, 1925
King of Romania, July 20th, 1927 (deposed by his father: June 8th, 1930)
Crown Prince of Romania, June 8th, 1930
King of Romania (second reign), September 6th, 1940 (forced to leave Romania: December 30th, 1947)
Married:
Royal Palace, Athens, June 10th, 1948:
HRH Anne Antoinette Fran�oise Charlotte Princess de Bourbon de Parme
* Paris, September 18th, 1923
Children from this marriage:
HRH Margarita Princess of Romania, Princess of Hohenzollern
* Mont Choisi Clinic, Lausanne, March 26th, 1949
Married:
(civil) Versoix, Geneva, July 24th and (religious) St. Gherassimos Church, Lausanne, September 21st, 1996:
Radu Duda
* Iasi, June 7th, 1960
Created Prince von Hohenzollern-Veringen by HH The Prince von Hohenzollern, January 1st, 1999
HRH Elena Princess of Romania, Princess of Hohenzollern
* Mont Choisi Clinic, Lausanne, November 15th, 1950
Married:
(civil) Durham, July 20th and (religious) Greek Orthodox Church, Lausanne, September 24th, 1983:
Leslie Robin Medforth-Mills
* Sproatley, Yorkshire, December 8th, 1942
(Divorced: November 28th, 1991)
Peterlee, Durham, August 14th, 1998:
Alexander Phillips Nixon McAteer
* Easington, Durham, October 22nd, 1964
Children from the first marriage:2
Nicholas Michael de Roumanie Medforth-Mills
* Meyrin, Geneva, April 1st, 1985
Elizabeth Karina de Roumanie Medforth-Mills
* Princess Mary Maternity Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, January 4th, 1989
HRH Irina Princess of Romania, Princess of Hohenzollern
* Mont Choisi Clinic, Lausanne, February 28th, 1953
Married:
(civil) Scottsdale, Arizona, October 4th, 1983 and (religious) Holy Trinity Church, Phoenix, Arizona, February 11th, 1984:
John Kreuger
* Solna, August 3rd, 1945
Children from this marriage:
Michael Torsten de Roumanie Kreuger
* Bay Area Hospital, Coos Bay, Oregon, February 25th, 1985
Angelica Margareta Bianca de Roumanie Kreuger
* Bay Area Hospital, Coos Bay, Oregon, December 29th, 1986
HRH Sophia Princess of Romania, Princess of Hohenzollern
* Tatoi Palace near Athens, October 28th, 1957
Married:
(civil) Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine, August 29th, 1998:
Alain Michel L�once Biarneix de Laufenborg
* Nancy, July 10th, 1957
Child from this marriage:
Elisabeta-Maria Bianca Elena Biarneix de Laufenborg
* Paris, August 15th, 1999
HRH Maria Princess of Romania, Princess of Hohenzollern
* Hellerup Hospital, Hellerup, July 13th, 1964
Married:
Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church, New York City, New York, September 16th, 1995:
Kazimierz Wieslaw Mystkowski
* Las-Toczylowo, Lomza, September 13th, 1958
(Divorced: 2000)
Footnotes:
With special thanks to Arturo Beeche, Hein Bruins, Marlene Eilers Koenig, Brigitte Gastel Lloyd, Netty Leistra, Paul Theroff and Roberto Ortiz de Zarate.
The children bear the surname "de Roumanie Medforth-Mills" and prefer to be known by the surname "de Roumanie".
Back to:
Genealogies of Royal Families.
Royal Families in Europe.
The Royal Family of Romania.
|
||||||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 65
|
https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/history/romania/carol-i
|
en
|
Carol I
|
https://www.infoplease.com/themes/ip/favicon.ico
|
https://www.infoplease.com/themes/ip/favicon.ico
|
[
"https://www.infoplease.com/themes/ip/images/logo-white.svg",
"https://www.infoplease.com/themes/ip/images/mag-glass.svg",
"https://www.infoplease.com/themes/ip/images/close.svg",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/infoplease.com/files/styles/scale600w/public/2020-04/europe.jpg.webp?itok=ZYMzqB-y",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/infoplease.com/files/styles/scale600w/public/2020-04/middleeast.jpg.webp?itok=b3PkAiRE",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/infoplease.com/files/styles/scale600w/public/2020-04/Triumph_of_Achilles_in_Corfu_Achilleion.jpg.webp?itok=AJitHl3b",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/infoplease.com/files/styles/scale600w/public/2020-04/iStock-1163662016.jpg.webp?itok=5LuI3Ibr",
"https://www.infoplease.com/modules/contrib/custom_voice_search/images/mic.png",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/infoplease.com/files/inline-images/infoplease_white_logo_2.png",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/default/files/i_infopls_com/images/ip17_social_facebook_icon.png",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/default/files/i_infopls_com/images/ip17_social_twitter_icon.png",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/default/files/i_infopls_com/images/ip17_social_pinterest_icon.png",
"https://www.playwire.com/hubfs/Powered-by-Playwire-Badges/Ads-Powered-by-playwire-2021-standalone-small-300px.png",
"https://www.infoplease.com/modules/custom/custom_core_common/images/facebook.svg",
"https://www.infoplease.com/modules/custom/custom_core_common/images/twitter.svg",
"https://www.infoplease.com/modules/custom/custom_core_common/images/googlebookmarks.svg",
"https://www.infoplease.com/modules/custom/custom_core_common/images/email.svg",
"https://www.infoplease.com/modules/custom/custom_core_common/images/print.svg",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/infoplease.com/files/inline-images/sandbox-learning.png",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/factmonster_logo.png",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/infoplease.com/files/inline-images/familyeducation_logo_1.png",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/teachervision_logo.png",
"https://www.infoplease.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/sandbox_logo.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Infoplease"
] |
2017-01-24T01:12:35-05:00
|
Carol I, 1839–1914, prince (1866–81) and first king (1881–1914) of Romania, of the house of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. He is also called Charles I. A Prussian officer, he was elected to succeed the deposed Alexander John Cuza as prince of Romania.
|
en
|
/themes/ip/favicon.ico
|
InfoPlease
|
https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/history/romania/carol-i
|
Carol I, 1839–1914, prince (1866–81) and first king (1881–1914) of Romania, of the house of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. He is also called Charles I. A Prussian officer, he was elected to succeed the deposed Alexander John Cuza as prince of Romania. He reformed the Romanian constitution and laid the groundwork for the country's monetary system, military organization, and railroad network. Exploitation of Romanian oil fields began in his reign. Economic development, however, did not improve the lot of the peasants, and an uprising in 1907 was cruelly suppressed. Carol sided with Russia in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 and obtained at the Congress of Berlin (see Berlin, Congress of) full independence for Romania, which he declared a kingdom in 1881. Carol's wife was Princess Elizabeth of Wied. He was succeeded by his nephew Ferdinand.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2024, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
|
||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 91
|
https://digitallibrary.usc.edu/archive/Sara-Ochs-nee-hands-Walton-married-to-Christoffer-Carl-Ernst-Ochs--Pattambakkam-1863-1872--2A3BF1CS9QEY.html
|
en
|
Sara Ochs née hands Walton married to Christoffer Carl Ernst Ochs. Pattambakkam 1863
|
https://digitallibrary.usc.edu/archive/Assets/V2/ChFVQzFTNTAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMxIGVFJNaXNjGiVcVFJNaXNjXDdhXGUxXDI0XDZlXDFhXFVDM01TQzI2MDQuaWNvIgQIARAPYgpVQzNNU0MyNjA0~/L2pqzMPsTRwEdTu6/L2pqzMPsTRwEdTu6/UC3MSC2604.ico
|
https://digitallibrary.usc.edu/archive/Assets/V2/ChFVQzFTNTAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMxIGVFJNaXNjGiVcVFJNaXNjXDdhXGUxXDI0XDZlXDFhXFVDM01TQzI2MDQuaWNvIgQIARAPYgpVQzNNU0MyNjA0~/L2pqzMPsTRwEdTu6/L2pqzMPsTRwEdTu6/UC3MSC2604.ico
|
[
"https://digitallibrary.usc.edu/archive/Assets/V2/ChFVQzFTNTAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMxIGVFJNaXNjGiVcVFJNaXNjXGY4XDUxXDI5XDUwXDY3XFVDM01TQzI3MDUucG5nIgQIARAPYgpVQzNNU0MyNzA1~/t6_uPHmHab@g@jAn/t6_uPHmHab@g@jAn/UC3MSC2705.png",
"https://digitallibrary.usc.edu/archive/Assets/V2/ChFVQzFTNTAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMxIGVFJNaXNjGiVcVFJNaXNjXDM2XGQ1XDYxXDQ5XGFmXFVDM01TQzI3MTAucG5nIgQIARAPYgpVQzNNU0MyNzEw~/Mxhnw@wxKFNG1XWp/Mxhnw@wxKFNG1XWp/UC3MSC2710.png",
"https://digitallibrary.usc.edu/archive/Assets/V2/ChFVQzFTNTAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMxIGVFJNaXNjGiVcVFJNaXNjXDFmXGYzXGNkXDBlXDk3XE9MWE1TQzI2NzMucG5nIgQIARAPYgpPTFhNU0MyNjcz~/_9EkettIiqlsuOQz/_9EkettIiqlsuOQz/OLXMSC2673.png",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR1/9a/1f/44/c5/75/v1_UC1/UC1729130.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=3f65f8e617fae6c32b8e93cb2a4b604aa91a2c4b3a94a668ec627b631433e309",
"https://digitallibrary.usc.edu/archive/Assets/V2/ChFVQzFTNTAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMxIGVFJNaXNjGiVcVFJNaXNjXDE3XGE5XDhjXGQyXDljXE9MWE1TQzM1NjYuZ2lmIgQIARAPYgpPTFhNU0MzNTY2~/f951NlANbAzHfuWO/f951NlANbAzHfuWO/OLXMSC3566.gif",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/40/cb/c3/7f/f8/v1_UC1/UC1720698.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=a4581bc552d74cb1dcb50f7bc5ec9c679b72560465314ae60d3753b49a447bb2",
"https://digitallibrary.usc.edu/archive/Assets/V2/ChFVQzFTNTAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMxIGVFJNaXNjGiRcVFJNaXNjXGI2XDg2XDIyXGVjXGViXE9MWE1TQzEzNS5wbmciBAgBEA9iCU9MWE1TQzEzNQ--~/nBKZ4Go_PCLGKNHQ/nBKZ4Go_PCLGKNHQ/OLXMSC135.png",
"https://digitallibrary.usc.edu/archive/Assets/V2/ChFVQzFTNTAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMxIGVFJNaXNjGiJcVFJNaXNjXDc0XDMwXDI1XGQ3XGJiXFEwTDc0Q0suc3ZnIgQIARAPYgdRMEw3NENL~/CjB_REu_vxqySP@P/CjB_REu_vxqySP@P/Q0L74CK.svg",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/19/f5/42/af/15/v1_UC1/UC1725670.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=adc8a2d4160fb4250b01a436efdd57dff15b7cf5ba099ac58c5e6330eb2d6b8f",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/20/5b/fd/4f/31/v1_UC1/UC1726491.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=6fb4889343dff9fa43c907b0a4322240571e2a7d8b3091ba0c0b7cb3c7ae3e3c",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/c6/61/1c/1c/25/v1_UC1/UC1729490.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=075c4c09b072258cf32bb0edcb8912e8fd313ecb044a9f24e1dc7478651bee56",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/d3/79/bc/10/1d/v1_UC1/UC1727479.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=fae81cdc0b948db8b7d4026019a891c64efd6accad28be10826d74adc1d9580c",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/a9/25/82/00/b2/v1_UC1/UC1728120.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=cdd4cd2094799f6a2b9d661d31872d5c371152fb765fda90e10a96e5e32d28d1",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/68/fa/91/75/b4/v1_UC1/UC1724646.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=56bac8c58f08460461f7c9c6d953c6ee940f744811f0bb80b7e65881c9df1e2d",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/73/e6/80/00/50/v1_UC1/UC1724897.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=8411139a3ec406b3520e7da16ccb123a28a2ffcfb1354cfb91b20e80525f428f",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/64/0b/2d/8b/65/v1_UC1/UC1729875.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=645964a80aacd9a80f8f1646fe0ba52cd012592fe180752caf60c72c81f862be",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/bd/c1/ba/2b/3b/v1_UC1/UC1729506.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=3476abdc843887559345890a7c0cbbc99894e562cbbd8cd3383330ba974331a2",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/c9/f3/a5/3b/fa/v1_UC1/UC1724593.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=7047181797b572bc7b36e11f582710c3deba3e3e8098e204d3d094af43af0d50",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/9b/b8/d1/5f/a1/v1_UC1/UC1723794.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=e2dc69a29a2c8eb529985dc8f205d95e935ec4cff71b65d3101130c5e2e90363",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/2f/30/7e/a6/c6/v1_UC1/UC1723376.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=4626000d76c86d0717a9e78ed5574309586c217cd60ef62ccccb783362fae2ca",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/62/12/aa/56/32/v1_UC1/UC1728785.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=cb47bedb0222676c5032eb849691a0670c289a9d36217d090385a45fcf4eca70",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/1d/20/cd/f4/70/v1_UC1/UC1724674.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=a8417a15b9aba5044dc553aaeb22590959b2f41e0b7053ed12a0b71598e95161",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/2e/9d/29/83/54/v1_UC1/UC1724623.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=ed2a83a81c017ffcd5de307b0fec728c170719e2ef10b3b7436b5142c24a371f",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/4a/b6/d0/7f/17/v1_UC1/UC1718803.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=de2677bbf287d1dcc8d7060492e8041a2ba588b07df6f1d2b7ce26d53a0c65fa",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/4f/71/a4/c3/fd/v1_UC1/UC1725683.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=a76cc331c220fb4b69c449ca4ffb4bdf4931973b810dd5a2005beec8d4aaf325",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/c3/0f/3c/2d/37/v1_UC1/UC1723534.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=3410c553c346c0ecd819506904e801ec1fc93eb75a3a2f2c4f10d5ad8b2b6c1d",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.dualstack.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/76/51/a3/50/97/v1_UC1/UC1726449.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=930a0cb82d3d34126a6b022dfca4b1a9ddc24d00532a6f4a7abc0368564dc25a",
"https://cortex-usc-prod-proxies.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/USC/TR7/1c/ec/8e/8a/b6/v1_UC1/UC1723120.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA2P44HBIB7LZLOGPZ%2F20240821%2Fus-west-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240821T183847Z&X-Amz-Expires=600&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=b18da082de10a09cf629c6e531e2c1aa75ebfb4f0a3f5713357436b9e7f2344b",
"https://digitallibrary.usc.edu/archive/Assets/V2/ChFVQzFTNTAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMxIGVFJNaXNjGiJcVFJNaXNjXDc0XDMwXDI1XGQ3XGJiXFEwTDc0Q0suc3ZnIgQIARAPYgdRMEw3NENL~/CjB_REu_vxqySP@P/CjB_REu_vxqySP@P/Q0L74CK.svg",
"https://digitallibrary.usc.edu/archive/Assets/V2/ChFVQzFTNTAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMxIGVFJNaXNjGiJcVFJNaXNjXDc0XDMwXDI1XGQ3XGJiXFEwTDc0Q0suc3ZnIgQIARAPYgdRMEw3NENL~/CjB_REu_vxqySP@P/CjB_REu_vxqySP@P/Q0L74CK.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
- UC1729130
Sara Ochs née hands Walton married to Christoffer Carl Ernst Ochs. Pattambakkam 1863-1872.
|
en
|
Assets/V2/ChFVQzFTNTAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMxIGVFJNaXNjGiVcVFJNaXNjXDdhXGUxXDI0XDZlXDFhXFVDM01TQzI2MDQuaWNvIgQIARAPYgpVQzNNU0MyNjA0~/L2pqzMPsTRwEdTu6/L2pqzMPsTRwEdTu6/UC3MSC2604.ico
|
https://digitallibrary.usc.edu/archive/Sara-Ochs-nee-hands-Walton-married-to-Christoffer-Carl-Ernst-Ochs--Pattambakkam-1863-1872--2A3BF1CS9QEY.html
|
Title Danmission, Copenhagen
Alternative Description The historical images in the International Mission Photography Archive come from Protestant and Catholic missionary collections held at a number of centers in Britain, Europe, and North America. The photographs record missionary endeavors and reflect the missionaries’ experience of communities and environments abroad. There are examples of the physical influence the mission presence brought –seen in churches and their surrounding settlements-- as well as examples of the cultural impact of mission teaching and Western influence, including schools, hospitals, training programs, Christian practices, and Western technology and fashions. The pictures document indigenous peoples' responses to missions and the history of indigenous churches which are often now a major force in society. They also offer views of traditional culture, landscapes, cities, and towns before and in the early stages of modern development.
The same cataloging procedures were used for all of the collections. Depending on the research goals, therefore, a person who uses the web site will be able to search through the images provided by one, several, or all of the collections, structuring the search and sorting the results according to the categories, descriptors, and keywords under which the images were cataloged as they were added to the database. Not all pictures will be accompanied by the same depth of documentation, but the goal is to include an original caption, the photographer’s name, and the time, place, occasion, and subject of the picture. Any other information that is available, including textual descriptions, has also been incorporated, making it possible to employ more refined descriptive and thematic searches. Although the language of the website is English, some descriptive information on the photographs is entered in the original language, so that searching on Norwegian or German terms can also yield useful results.
The project has been supported by grants from the Getty Grant Program (https://www.getty.edu/grants/), the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation’s Scholarly Communications program (https://www.mellon.org/internet/grant_programs/programs/scholarlycommunications), the National Endowment for the Humanities Division of Preservation and Access (https://www.neh.gov/divisions/preservation), and the National Endowment for the Humanities Office of Digital Humanities (https://www.neh.gov/divisions/odh).
Background
The proliferation of Christian missionary societies devoted to overseas evangelism was one of the most important social movements of the nineteenth century. By the middle of that century, many national Protestant denominations had established such organizations. In the Catholic Church, old mission orders were re-invigorated and many new ones founded, again with a strongly national reference. By World War I, male and female missionaries were an established presence wherever Western influence had penetrated, sometimes as participants, sometimes as antagonists, and almost always as alert observers of the global political and economic transformations of the period. For reasons that were both practical and religious, missionaries were dedicated correspondents, diarists, and record keepers. The surviving text-based archives of these communications have long been used by scholars to reconstruct missionaries’ actions, trace the evolution of their thinking, map the matrix of their relations with local societies, and assess their impact as agents of Western contact with the rest of the world. The archives are also known as often fascinating sources for indigenous political, social and economic history in the areas where the missionaries were active.
With the advent of photography, missionaries also began to compile a visual record of their activities. From the 1880s, when factory-made negatives became available and cameras became lighter and easier to use, the numbers of missionary photographers and photographs grew exponentially. As a result, most missionary societies, or the libraries that hold their archives, have accumulations of pictures in various formats, ranging from a few musty, uncataloged boxes or albums at one end of the scale to carefully preserved, well organized, and professionally cataloged collections numbering in the hundreds of thousands of images at the other. How many photographs exist is unknown, but in the aggregate there are certainly millions, representing an important potential scholarly resource.
We have not undertaken to catalog and digitize that mass of photographs in anything like its entirety. Instead, we have concentrated on selections of images from just seven centers, chosen because of the importance and quality of their collections and the skill of their professional archive staffs. Given our limited resources, we have made the strategic decision to stress depth over breadth in our selections and therefore have not attempted to capture all of a mission’s geographic range in our database. Instead we have tended to concentrate on the strongest and best-organized parts of the collections, where we have attempted to include the "thickest" series of pictures, such as those produced by a particularly prolific and skilled photographer or identified with a particularly important place, cast of characters, or set of historical events. The sampling that resulted from this process is strongest on parts of Africa, Madagascar, India, China, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesian Kalimantan. Pictures from Japan, Korea, and the Philippines are presently being added, but many other regions of the world are not yet represented. It must be noted, however, that the architecture of IMPA allows, indeed assumes, expansion, and in time the geographic and chronological representation in the database will increase, as will the denominational and confessional variety of the missions included.
Participants
The Moravian Church (Die Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine) (https://www.archiv.ebu.de/), established in 1722, was the first Protestant missionary society to send its agents to West and South Africa. Because of its location in what was formerly East Germany, the historically important collection in the Unitätsarchiv in Herrnhut has hitherto received little attention from those interested in Africa. Our selection of photographs focuses on four missionary fields in Africa: 'Nyasa' (in what is now southern Tanzania), 'Nyamwezi' (in west central Tanzania), 'South Africa West' (the area just outside Cape Town) and 'South Africa East' (the area between East London and Durban). In most cases the photographs date from the period 1890-1940, but a few from South Africa go back as far as the late 1860s.
The Leipzig Mission (Evangelisch-Lutherisches Missionswerk Leipzig) (https://www.lmw-mission.de/e/index.htm), founded in 1836, was active principally in East Africa, India and (more recently) Papua-New Guinea. The archive in Leipzig possesses some 20,000 historical photos, including about 3,500 from Northeast Tanzania and - prior to the First World War - the adjacent part of Kenya. (In ethnic terms these are the Chagga, Pare, Kamba, Maasai and Arusha regions.). For IMPA we have concentrated on photographs that were selected for publication and on albums left by the missionaries Wilhelm Guth (who worked mainly in Pare, 1913-17 and 1927-38) and Leonhard Blumer (active mainly in Arusha, 1912-13 and 1924-26). In addition we have included a few colored postcards published by the Mission shortly before 1914.
Founded in 2001, mission21 (https://www.mission-21.org), Basel, Switzerland, is made up of four previously independent missionary societies among which the Basel Mission is the largest. The main areas of activity of the Basel Mission, from its inception in 1815 until the mid-twentieth century, were Ghana, Cameroon, India, China, and Kalimantan. Its archives contain historical photographs, written records, printed and hand-drawn maps and building plans. The materials in these archives are important resources for research in many academic fields. Of a total of 75,000 images taken before 1950, 28,400 have been digitally accessible since 2002 and have now been updated with new information and have been integrated into the IMPA site. Links with the archives' digitized maps and catalogues are planned for the near future. The images from the Basel Mission may also be searched via a custom interface at https://www.bmarchives.org/.
The Catholic Foreign Mission Society of America, Inc. (Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers) (https://maryknollsociety.org/) was established in 1911 at Maryknoll, New York and sent its first missionaries to China in 1918. The photographic archive, established to support The Field Afar magazine and later Maryknoll, contains between 1 and 1.5 million prints, lantern slides, glass negatives, and slides that capture mission activities in 38 different countries. The Maryknoll Mission Archives was established as a collaborative venture in 1990 to care for the records and images of the Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers, Maryknoll Sisters and the Maryknoll Lay Missioners. For IMPA, we selected images from China, Korea, Japan, and the Philippines, most of them from the period 1912-1945.
The photograph collection of the Mission and Diakonia Archives at VID Specialized University, campus Stavanger, Norway (https://www.vid.no/en/historical-archive/) is mainly related to the work of the Norwegian Mission Society (formerly known as Norwegian Missionary Society), founded in Stavanger in 1842. For current information about NMS see www.nms.no. Overall, the collection comprises approximately 300,000 items from ca.1870-1950, including photograph albums, glass plate negatives, and lantern slides. Among the regions represented are South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal), Madagascar, China (Hunan, Hong Kong, Taiwan), Cameroon (Adamawa Province), Japan, Ethiopia, and Norway. Following the merger of School of Mission and Theology with VID in 2016, the photograph collection will expand into areas of diakonal and other Christian health care ministries in Norway and abroad. Digitized images in the collection on IMPA currently include pictures from Madagascar, South Africa and Cameroon.
The selection from the 25,000 prints held in the missionary society collections at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) (https://www.soas.ac.uk/library/subjects/archives/) is a representative sample of images from Africa, China, the Caribbean, Madagascar, South India, and Papua-New Guinea. The photographs come from the collections of the Council for World Mission (formerly the London Missionary Society), the Methodist Missionary Society, and the China Inland Mission (now the Overseas Missionary Fellowship). Some of the photographs were taken by missionary workers in the field, such as the lay mission worker, John Parrett (1841-1918) who served as a printer for the London Missionary Society in Madagascar from 1862 to 1885 and Rev. Harry Moore Dauncey (1863-1932) who served with the L.M.S. in Papua New Guinea, mainly in the Delena district, for forty years from 1888 to 1928. There are also images collected by missionaries whilst overseas, such as the collection of fine albumen prints of China in the early 1860s taken by an unknown Russian photographer.
The Yale University Divinity School Day Missions Library (https://www.yale.edu/worldchristianity/daymissions.shtml) is a world-renowned collection documenting world Christianity and the history of the missionary movement. Selections from its archival and manuscript collections for the IMPA project have focused on photographs of China missions and photographic postcards of mission work throughout the world. The photographs from China, dating from the late 19th century to 1950, document medical, educational, and evangelistic endeavors, as well as famine relief, rural reconstruction, athletics, and other aspects of the lives and work of primarily Protestant American and British missionaries, and their Chinese students and colleagues. Photographs from the personal papers of missionaries, who served under a variety of agencies in numerous provinces, provide a broad-based view of the spectrum of Protestant mission work in China. Photographs from the archives of the United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia focus on the work of the thirteen colleges and universities founded by Protestant mission agencies in China. The photographic postcards document both Catholic and Protestant mission work primarily in Africa and the Pacific Islands.
Founded in 1971, the Défap-Service protestant de mission (https://www.defap-bibliotheque.fr/fr/) in Paris has inherited the library and archive of the Société des missions évangéliques de Paris (SMEP), known in English as the Paris Evangelical Missionary Society (PEMS). The Society had been active between 1822 and 1971 in the following regions of the world: the Pacific Ocean: New Caledonia, Tahiti; Africa: Cameroon, Gabon, Cngo-Brazzaville, Togo, Zambia, Southern Africa, Lesotho, Madagascar. It sent its first missionaries to Southern Africa in 1829. The library serves a wide public: researchers in various disciplines, former missionaries or their descendants, representatives of overseas churches, journalists, as well as culturally oriented institutions etc. The library collection comprises 21,000 monographs and leaflets, 1,300 titles of archived periodicals. The archive includes paper archives—correspondence, reports, candidates’ papers, private diaries, original linguistic research, published and unpublished manuscripts, etc. The iconographic archive consists of some 20,000 photographs taken over a period of one century (1860-1970), a collection of post cards issued by several missionary societies, maps, posters, illustrated tracts, films. 18,000 images have been digitized in 2008/2009 of which 6,500 (Madagascar, Cameroon and Gabon) have now been integrated into the IMPA site.
The National Library of Scotland, Scottish Missions' Church of Scotland World Mission Council (https://www.nls.uk/collections/manuscripts/collections/church) archive documents overseas missionary activity from the late 18th century to the present day. It includes the surviving records of some of the earliest Scottish missionary societies, and of Scottish Presbyterian churches that have reunited within the present Church of Scotland since 1929. In addition to a rich photographic element, the archive includes correspondence files, minute books, reports and diaries. Together with the personal papers of a number of individual missionaries, these collections offer a comprehensive record of the development of Scottish Presbyterian mission, and are an important source for researching Scotland’s influence in the many parts of the world to which missionaries travelled. Research potential includes the fields of education, language study and translation, medical work, and women’s studies.
Abilene Christian University (https://www.acu.edu/academics/library/cfm), contributed about 1,800 photographs of missions carried out by Churches of Christ in 45 countries. The photographs date from 1899 to 1969. They are held in Milliken Special Collections at Brown Library. The pictures themselves are of missionaries, their families, the people with whom they worked, and the contexts in which they worked. They provide valuable insight into how a congregationalist and anti-missionary society Christian tradition could sustain a large-scale missions enterprise over a 70-year period of time. They also illustrate various methods and approaches missionaries from Churches of Christ employed as they sought to conduct their work in a variety of cultures and historical contexts. Included are 45 countries spanning six continents and Australia: 14 Asian nations, 8 African nations, 11 European nations, 6 North American nations, 5 South American nations, and Australia. Abilene Christian University, located in Abilene, Texas, was established in 1906. It is affiliated with the Churches of Christ, a tradition stemming from religious reforms in the early 19th century in the United States led by Alexander Campbell and Barton W. Stone. Churches of Christ practice an independent polity, an emphasis on Scripture, baptism by immersion of believers, weekly observance of the Lord’s Supper, and a cappella singing. Therefore practices of study and of baptism are frequently depicted in the photographs.
Danmission (https://danmission.dk/) has so far contributed more than 12,000 photographs. That number will grow as Danmission completes digitization and cataloging of about 32,000 film photographs, slides and old glass mounted photographs. Documenting foreign missions as well as the missionaries themselves, the images date from between about 1863 to 2008 and come primarily from Aden, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Japan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Madagascar, Mongolia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, the Philippines, South Yemen, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, and Yemen; with smaller numbers from Abu Dhabi, Austria, Bhutan, Botswana, Canada, Cyprus, England, Eritrea, the Faroe Islands, Germany, Greenland, Hong Kong, Iran, Israel, Kenya, Malaysia, Malta, Nigeria, Norway, Switzerland, Thailand, Uganda, the United Arab Emirates, the United States, and Zanzibar.
The individual items in these collections cover a wide range in terms of the level at which they have been cataloged and the accessibility of metadata, that is, information about the content and circumstances under which an image was captured (photographer, time and place, persons and events depicted), and accompanying textual information (such as captions, descriptions, and other associated documents). We have used a common data-entry template based on Dublin Core (https://dublincore.org/) for all of the collections, assuring that essentially the same categories of data are entered in the same format for each photograph. Inevitably, however, the database contains some photographs with only the minimally acceptable cataloging information as well as photographs for which a great deal of associated information is available. We have included pictures in the less well-documented category because we know from experience that scholars often bring their own special knowledge to the assessment of a photograph. It is better for an interesting picture to be available for scrutiny, even if it is less than optimally documented, on the assumption that viewers might be able to contribute information that we can consider for incorporation into the electronic record.
The work that went into the creation of this website was shared by:
• Giao Baker, University of Southern California
• Carisse Mickey Berryhill, Abilene Christian University
• Lisa Cole, School of Oriental and African Studies
• Barbara Frey-Näf, mission21/Basel Mission
• Matt Gainer, University of Southern California
• Emilie Gangnat Département évangélique français d'action apostolique (Défap)
• Sally Harrower, National Library of Scotland
• Nils Kristian Høimyr, Mission Archives, School of Mission and Theology, Stavanger, Norway
• Paul Jenkins, University of Basel
• Samantha Johnson, School of Oriental and African Studies
• Adam Jones, University of Leipzig
• Judith Kreitzer, Maryknoll Mission Archives
• Claire-Lise Lombard Département évangélique français d'action apostolique (Défap)
• Allison Metcalfe, National Library of Scotland
• Jon Miller, University of Southern California
• Joyce Ouchida, University of Southern California
• Jørgen Nørgaard Pedersen, Danmission
• Ellen Pierce, Maryknoll Mission Archives
• Zahid Rafique, University of Southern California
• Tim Sato, University of Southern California
• Rosemary Seton, School of Oriental and African Studies
• R. Wayne Shoaf, University of Southern California
• Martha Lund Smalley, Yale University Divinity School
• Brian Stanley, University of Edinburgh
• Tim Stanton, University of Southern California
• Gustav Steensland, Mission Archives, School of Mission and Theology, Stavanger, Norway
• Baghi Subramanyam, University of Southern California
• Guy Thomas, mission21/Basel Mission
• Mike Walsh, Maryknoll Mission Archives
Coverage Temporal 1863/2008
Repository Email
Repository Name
|
|||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 32
|
https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/catalogue/the-catalogue/romania-king-carol-ii-of-4220
|
en
|
Romania, King Carol II of
|
[
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/skins/dlat/img/dlat-logo.png",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w620h600/displayed/roumania-4220-1.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w300h145/displayed/carol.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w300h145/displayed/1930c-king-carol-of-romania-in-military-dress-with-his-son-prince-michael.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w300h145/displayed/1930c-king-carol-of-romania-on-a-grey-charger-in-military-dress.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w300h145/displayed/1930c-king-carol-of-romania-on-horseback-reviewing-troops-with-his-son-prince-michael.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w300h145/displayed/1930c-romanian-vetrans-with-medals.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w300h145/displayed/1940-king-carol-of-romania-in-mexico-with-his-portrait-3222-by-de-la-szlo.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w300h145/displayed/1940c-king-carol-of-romania-in-mexico-with-the-portrait-of-prince-michael-by-de-la-szlo-4218-1.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w300h145/displayed/1936c-queen-marie-of-romania-in-mourning-with-her-son-king-carol.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w300h145/displayed/sitters-book-vol-2-162-p-85v.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w300h145/displayed/sitters-book-vol-2-163-p-86r.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w300h145/video_converted_jpg/qi_video_thumbnail_650141.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w300h145/video_converted_jpg/qi_video_thumbnail_650143.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/roumania-3220-1.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/00003225.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/roumania-3222-1.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/roumania-4217-1.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/roumania-3211.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/romania-mh-2961-2.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/108.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/roumania-without-frame-3204.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/roumania-without-frame-3207.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/roumania-4218-2.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/roumania-without-frame-3231.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/00003237.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/lupescu-3233-1.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/roumania-4221.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/rothermere-4759.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/135-0068-1.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/135-0064-1.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/135-0070-2-2.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/1063.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/dla135-0045-1.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/media/w220h300/displayed/dla135-0067-1.jpg",
"https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/skins/dlat/img/dlat-signature.png"
] |
[
"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1cKvHgxh7NGzpBksfWRwdsRsCxfMPsFaKmgYMW7OgAxM/pub?embedded=true"
] |
[] |
[
"Keyword 1",
"Keyword 2",
"Keyword 3"
] | null |
[] | null |
The de Laszlo Archive Trust
|
en
|
https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/skins/dlat/img/favicon.ico
| null | ||||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 71
|
https://www.flickr.com/photos/askjellr/34831618415
|
en
|
Elisabeth of Wied
|
[
"https://live.staticflickr.com/4182/34831618415_9b73b8dba6.jpg",
"https://live.staticflickr.com/4182/34831618415_9b73b8dba6.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"elisabethofwied",
"pelescastle",
"peleş",
"prahova",
"queen",
"romania",
"sinaia"
] | null |
[
"Flickr",
"Askjell"
] |
2024-08-21T18:37:42.843000+00:00
|
Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise zu Wied (29 December 1843 – 2 March 1916) was the Queen consort of Romania as the wife of King Carol I of Romania, widely known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva. Her brother William, 5th Prince of Wied married on 18 July 1871 in Wassenaar, Princess Marie of the Netherlands (1841–1910), younger daughter of Prince Frederick of the Netherlands (1792–1839), second son of William I of the Netherlands and his wife, Princess Louise of Prussia (1808–1870), daughter of Frederick William III of Prussia. Elisabeth was therefore the aunt of William of Albania.
|
en
|
https://combo.staticflickr.com/pw/favicon.ico
|
Flickr
|
https://www.flickr.com/photos/askjellr/34831618415
|
Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise zu Wied (29 December 1843 – 2 March 1916) was the Queen consort of Romania as the wife of King Carol I of Romania, widely known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva. Her brother William, 5th Prince of Wied married on 18 July 1871 in Wassenaar, Princess Marie of the Netherlands (1841–1910), younger daughter of Prince Frederick of the Netherlands (1792–1839), second son of William I of the Netherlands and his wife, Princess Louise of Prussia (1808–1870), daughter of Frederick William III of Prussia. Elisabeth was therefore the aunt of William of Albania.
|
||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 87
|
http://www.royaltombs.dk/rumania.html
|
en
|
RUMANIA
|
[
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/r_alexander_jan.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/r_helena_cuza.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/r_helena_cuza1.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/r_karol2.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/korona_puste.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/r_korona1.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/r_korona_elizabet.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/r_korona_krolowej.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/lazyload-ph.png",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/r_flaga1.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/r_flaga2.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/r_flaga3.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/r_mapa3.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/r_mapa4.gif",
"http://www.royaltombs.dk/img/r_mapa5.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
favicon.png
| null |
BURIAL PLACES OF RUMANIAN SOVEREIGNS FROM A TO Z
CURTEA DE ARGEÈ (RUMANIA)
BURIED IN CURTEA DE ARGEÈ MONASTERY
(MÄnÄstirea Curtea de ArgeÈ, Bulevardul Basarabilor):
01. King CHARLES I (+1914)
02. Queen ELIZABETH OF WIED (+1916), consort of King Charles I
03. King FERDINAND I (+1927)
04. Queen MARIE OF EDINBURGH (+1938), consort of King Ferdinand I.
Her heart is kept in PeliÈor Castle in Sinaia
CURTEA DE ARGEÈ (RUMANIA)
BURIED IN THE NEW ARCHBISHOPRIC AND ROYAL CATHEDRAL (Curtea de ArgeÈ, NouÄ Catedrala ArhiepiscopalÄ si RegalÄ, Bulevardul Basarabilor):
01. Queen Mother, Princess HELEN OF GREECE (+1982), consort of King Charles II of Rumania
02. King MICHAEL I (+2017)
03. Queen ANNE OF BOURBON-PARMA (+2016), consort of King Michael I
CURTEA DE ARGEÈ (RUMANIA)
BURIED IN THE CHAPEL BY THE MONASTERY
(MÄnÄstirea Curtea de ArgeÈ, Bulevardul Basarabilor):
King CHARLES II (+1953)
IAÈI (RUMANIA)
BURIED IN THE MONASTERY OF THREE HOLY PATRIARCHS
(IaÈi, MÄnÄstirea Sfintii Trei Ierarhi, Strada Trei Ierarhi):
Prince ALEXANDER JOHN CUZA (+1873)
SOLEÈTI (RUMANIA)
BURIED IN THE CHURCHYARD OF THE CHURCH OF ST NICHOLAS (SoleÈti, curtea bisericii Sfântul Nicolae):
Princess HELENA CUZA (+1909), consort of Prince Alexander John
LIST OF RUMANIAN SOVEREIGNS 1859-1947
PRINCIPALITY OF RUMANIA 1859-1881
(Ottoman fief until 1878):
1859-1866: ALEXANDER JOHN (Alexandru Joan Cuza)
Born in 1820 in Bârlad.
Married in 1844 HELENA (Elena) Rosetti (*1825 IaÈi,+1909 Piatra NeamÈ).
Deposed in 1866 and exiled in France, Austria and Germany.
Died in 1873 in Heidelberg.
Buried firstly at Ruginoasa, later reburied in the Monastery of the Three Holy Patriarchs at IaÈi.
His consort Princess Helena was buried in SoleÈti in the churchyard by the Church of St Nicholas.
HOUSE OF HOHENZOLLERN-SIGMARINGEN
(Dinastia Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)
1866-1881: CHARLES I (Carol I; King from 1881)
KINGDOM OF RUMANIA 1881-1947:
HOUSE OF HOHENZOLLERN-SIGMARINGEN
(Dinastia Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)
1881-1914: CHARLES I (Carol I)
Born in 1839 in Sigmaringen.
Father: Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. Mother: Princess Josephine of Baden.
Married in 1869 in Neuwied Princess ELIZABETH of Wied (*1843 Neuwied,+1916 Curtea de ArgeÈ).
He and his consort were crowned in 1881 at the Patriarchal Cathedral in Bucharest.
Died in 1914 in Sinaia.
Buried with his Queen Elizabeth at the Monastery of Curtea de ArgeÈ.
1914-1927: FERDINAND I
Born in 1865 in Sigmaringen.
Father: Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. Mother: Princess Antonia of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
Married in 1893 in Sigmaringen Princess MARIE of Edinburgh (*1875 Eastwell Park, Kent,+1938 Sinaia).
He and his consort were crowned in 1922 at the Orthodox Coronation Cathedral in Alba Iulia, Transylvania.
His issue who reigned:
-CAROL II (*1893,+1953),
-Elizabeth (*1894,+1956; Queen of Greece),
-Marie (*1900,+1961; Queen of Yugoslavia).
Died in 1927 in Sinaia.
Buried with his Queen Marie at the Monastery of Curtea de ArgeÈ.
1930-1940: CHARLES II (Carol II)
Born in 1893 in Sinaia.
Father: King Ferdinand I of Romania. Mother: Queen Marie of Edinburgh.
Married firstly in 1918 in Odessa Joana Lambrino (*1898 Roman,+1953 Paris). Marriage was annulled in 1919.
Married secondly in 1921 in Athens Princess HELEN (Elena) of Greece (*1896 Athens,+1982 Lausanne). Divorced in 1928.
Married thirdly in 1947 in Rio de Janeiro Elena Lupescu (*1899 Hertza, Moldavia,+1977 Estoril, Portugal).
He was never crowned.
His issue who reigned:
-MICHAEL I (*1921; son of Helen).
Abdicated in 1940 and left Romania for Portugal.
Died in 1953 in Estoril, Portugal.
Buried firstly with his third wife Elena Lupescu in the Church of São Vicente de Fora in Lisbon.
In 2003 king's remains were translated to Rumania and buried in a small chapel standing beside the monastery of Curtea de ArgeÈ.
His second consort Princess and Queen Mother Helen of Greece was buried in the Cemetery of Bois-de-Vaux in Lausanne (Switzerland). In 2019 she was reburied in the New Archbishopric and Royal Cathedral of Curtea de ArgeÈ (Rumania).
1927-1930 and 1940-1947: MICHAEL I (Mihai I)
Born in 1921 in Castle PeleÈ, Sinaia.
Father: King Charles II of Romania. Mother: Princess Helen of Greece, the Queen Mother.
Married in 1948 in Athens Princess ANNE of Bourbon-Parma (*1923 Paris,+2016 Morges, Switzerland).
He was never crowned.
Issue of marriage: Margarita (*1949); Elena (*1950); Irina (*1953); Sophia (*1957); Maria (*1964).
Deposed by his father in 1930, restored in 1940.
Deposed by the communists in 1947 and forced to leave Rumania (1948).
Exiled in Italy (1948), Switzerland (1949-50), England (1950-55) and again in Switzerland (from 1955).
Died in 2017 in Aubonne, Switzerland. Buried with his Queen Anne in the New Archbishopric and Royal Cathedral of Curtea de ArgeÈ (Rumania).
REPUBLIC OF RUMANIA FROM 1947.
TOMBS OF RUMANIAN SOVEREIGNS
01. The tomb of Prince ALEXANDER JOHN in the Monastery of the Three Holy Patriarchs at IaÈi (Rumania).
02. The tomb of Princess HELENA, consort of Prince Alexander John, in the churchyard of SoleÈti (Rumania).
03. Inscription on the tomb of Princess HELENA, consort of Prince Alexander John, in the churchyard of SoleÈti (Rumania).
Tombs of King CHARLES I (left) and his Queen ELIZABETH OF WIED in the Monastery of Curtea de ArgeÈ (Rumania)
Tombs of King FERDINAND I (right) and his Queen MARIE OF EDINBURGH in the Monastery of Curtea de ArgeÈ (Rumania)
01. The tomb of King CHARLES II in the chapel by the Monastery of Curtea de ArgeÈ (Rumania).
02. The tomb of Queen Mother HELEN OF GREECE, consort of King Charles II, in the New Archbishopric and Royal Cathedral in Curtea de ArgeÈ (Rumania).
The tomb of King MICHAEL I and his Queen ANNE OF BOURBON-PARMA in the New Archbishopric and Royal Cathedral in Curtea de ArgeÈ (Rumania).
|
|||||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 73
|
https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/marie-rumania-1875-1938
|
en
|
Marie of Rumania (1875–1938)
|
[
"https://www.encyclopedia.com/themes/custom/trustme/images/header-logo.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Marie of Rumania (1875–1938)Queen of Rumania and English princess who married the heir to the Rumanian throne and played an important role in the affairs of her adopted country during and immediately after World War I . Name variations: Marie of Romania; Marie of Roumania; Mary of Saxe-Coburg; Marie of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha; called Missy by her family."
] | null |
[] | null |
Marie of Rumania (1875–1938)Queen of Rumania and English princess who married the heir to the Rumanian throne and played an important role in the affairs of her adopted country during and immediately after World War I . Name variations: Marie of Romania; Marie of Roumania; Mary of Saxe-Coburg; Marie of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha; called Missy by her family. Source for information on Marie of Rumania (1875–1938): Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia dictionary.
|
en
|
/sites/default/files/favicon.ico
|
https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/marie-rumania-1875-1938
|
Queen of Rumania and English princess who married the heir to the Rumanian throne and played an important role in the affairs of her adopted country during and immediately after World War I . Name variations: Marie of Romania; Marie of Roumania; Mary of Saxe-Coburg; Marie of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha; called Missy by her family. Born Marie Alexandra Victoria of Saxe-Coburg on October 29, 1875, at the family country home in Eastwell Park, Kent, England; died on July 18, 1938, at Castle Pelesch, Sinaia, Rumania, of an intestinal hemorrhage; daughter of Prince Alfred Saxe-Coburg, duke of Edinburgh (who was the son of Queen Victoria) and Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna (daughter of Tsar Alexander II of Russia); sister of Alexandra Saxe-Coburg (1878–1942), Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg (1884–1966), duchess of Galliera, and Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg (1876–1936); educated by governesses and private tutors; married Ferdinand I of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1865–1927), king of Rumania (r. 1914–1927), on January 10, 1893; children: Carol II (1893–1953), king of Rumania (r. 1930–1940); Elisabeth (1894–1956); Marie (1900–1961, also known as Mignon); Nicholas (1903–1978); Ileana (1909–1991); Mircea (1913–1916).
Spent portion of early years in Malta (1885–89); moved with family to the Duchy of Coburg in Germany, where Prince Ferdinand of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen became heir to the Rumanian throne (1889); attended coronation of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia (1896); while Ferdinand was ill with typhus, began first extramarital love affair (1897); began friendship with Waldorf and Pauline Astor (1902); during Rumanian peasant revolt, began longstanding love affair with Barbo Stirbey (1907); performed relief work when Rumania fought Second Balkan War against Bulgaria (1913); with outbreak of World War I, Rumania declared its neutrality; following German invasion, performed relief work when Rumania entered war (1916); continued relief work until Rumania left the war, German occupation began (1917); Prince Carol eloped and Rumania reentered the war against Germany (1918); conducted mission to Paris Peace Conference (1919); coronation (1922); toured U.S. (1926); widowed by death of Ferdinand (1927); Carol returned from exile to take the throne (1930); published her autobiography (1934).
Queen Marie of Rumania was one of the most colorful and influential monarchs of the early 20th century. Her physical beauty, her vast energies and talents, and her vibrant personality combined with her sense of style to set her apart from most members of Europe's royal houses. Moreover, in contrast to royalty in most other countries, Rumania's monarchs wielded crucial influence in political affairs. Marie's qualities of leadership came to the fore during World War I.
The country that became Marie's adopted homeland was one of the most turbulent nations in the troubled Balkan peninsula. Rumania was freed from Turkish domination to become an independent nation only in the middle of the 19th century. Shortly after independence, Rumania's political leaders called in a member of a reigning German family to become the country's monarch. Monarchy was still the normal form of government in Eastern Europe, and Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, who became King Carol I of Rumania, turned out to be a forceful and intelligent ruler. In 1889, he turned to his nephew Prince Ferdinand (I) of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen to become crown prince and heir to the Rumanian throne.
The country, despite its vast agricultural and mineral wealth, faced numerous problems. Its relations with its neighbors were particularly difficult. The adjoining great power, Austria-Hungary, had a large number of Rumanians within its territory in the province of Transylvania. The desire of most Rumanians to obtain Transylvania meant strained relations with a country Rumania could not hope to challenge militarily. In its internal affairs, Rumanian stability was threatened by a large, impoverished peasantry presided over by a small, wealthy, and privileged native aristocracy. The periodic persecution of Rumania's Jewish minority made the country the target for bitter criticism from abroad, both from Western governments and from public opinion. The political system was notoriously corrupt, with leaders using public office to enrich themselves with impunity.
The future queen of Rumania was born into the most rarefied levels of European society. Her father Prince Alfred Saxe-Coburg was the second son of Britain's Queen Victoria , the most eminent monarch of the 19th century. Her mother was Marie Alexandrovna , daughter of Tsar Alexander II, the Russian emperor who reigned from 1855 to 1881 and the author of the reform movement that ended serfdom.
In the style of British royalty, the young princess was given a nickname, Missy, which her relatives in Britain used throughout her life. Her childhood included visits to her imposing grandmother Queen Victoria, as well as trips to see her mother's family, the ruling Romanov dynasty in Russia. She acquired vague memories of her maternal grandfather, Tsar Alexander II, and she was shocked in March 1881, at age seven, when her tearful mother told her the tsar had just been assassinated. A crucial friendship dating from childhood linked Marie to her younger sister, Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg , who was known as Ducky.
Marie's father had made his career in the Royal Navy, and thus her childhood included a long stay in Malta, starting in 1885 and lasting until 1889. An active and athletic young teenager, she spent much of her free time using her vast skills as an equestrian riding around the island. There, she had a first romance with her cousin, Prince George, who would take the British throne as King George V in 1910. At the close of their stay in Malta, Marie moved to a German environment. Her father, the heir to the duchy of Coburg, moved to that small region of southern Germany.
She loved being a queen. She gave herself to the Rumanians with exuberance and played her role with drama and humor.
—Hannah Pakula
In the custom of European royalty, Marie's mother sought a suitable spouse for the girl while she was still a teenager. Already strikingly beautiful with blonde hair, blue eyes, and an attractive figure, the exuberant young princess seemed destined for a brilliant marriage. Prince George of England, an old companion from her Malta days who had just become heir to the throne upon the death of his older brother, tried and failed to get Marie's parents to accept him as her future husband. Marie's Russian-born mother had found her life in England uncomfortable and wished her daughter to marry a German.
Marie's family now turned their efforts to securing Prince Ferdinand of Rumania, heir to the Rumanian throne, as Marie's husband. Ferdinand was a tall, painfully shy young man, totally dominated by the force of his uncle's personality. In 1892, King Carol had compelled Ferdinand to give up his hopes of marrying a young Rumanian noblewoman. Carol welcomed the diplomatic advantages of a marriage between Marie and Ferdinand: it meant closer ties for Rumania with both Britain and Russia.
Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg (1884–1966)
Duchess of Galliera . Born Beatrice Leopoldine Victoria on April 20, 1884, in Eastwell Park, Kent, England; died on July 13, 1966, in Sanlucar de Barrameda, Andalusia, Spain; daughter of Alfred Saxe-Coburg, duke of Edinburgh, and Marie Alexandrovna (1853–1920); sister of Marie of Rumania (1875–1928); married Alphonso Bourbon, 5th duke of Galliera, on July 15, 1909; children: Alvaro (b. 1910); Alonso (b.1912); Ataulfo (b. 1913).
Even during their courtship a cloud came into the relationship between the two young members of European royalty. Ferdinand gave his bride-to-be hints of both the country's primitive nature as well King Carol's dominant presence in family affairs. Despite her fiance's only middling good looks, Marie was enchanted with the prospects of marriage. In her memoirs, she described how "the love I read in Nando's eyes meant nothing to me but a promise of perfect happiness." In an emotional farewell meeting with her father, he told her how he had hoped for a different kind of happiness for her, and how he regretted her departure for such a distant country.
The marriage took place at Sigmaringen in 1893. As with many weddings involving European royalty, monarchs and their representatives gathered from throughout the Continent. Among the guests were Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany and Prince Albert (I), the heir to the Belgian crown. Like her peers, Marie had been sheltered from any detailed knowledge of the physical side of marriage, and after the wedding she was shocked by her husband's passionate overtures.
A few weeks after the wedding, the young couple made their way to Rumania. Marie was surprised by the primitive appearance of the capital city, Bucharest, and the modest royal palace. Under Carol's orders, she was not permitted to have extensive contact with the Rumanian aristocracy, and she soon found herself isolated and lonely. In short order, she discovered she was pregnant. Her first child, Carol, was born in October 1893.
As Marie's biographer Terence Elsberry notes, King Carol "regarded his Crown Prince and Princess as necessary, but potentially dangerous" to his rule. Thus, he kept them both isolated and under close control. Marie was particularly disappointed to find that she could only travel abroad on infrequent occasions, even for family weddings. Her lively and spirited nature did not mix well with Ferdinand's quiet and shy personality. Marie also learned that Ferdinand was often unfaithful to her.
She had a rare moment of freedom in May 1896, when she attended the coronation of her cousin Tsar Nicholas II. In a memorable event in her life, she rode to victory in a horse race against a Russian cavalry officer. Upon her return to Rumania, she insisted on a new measure of personal freedom, epitomized by rides in the countryside. She also became the honorary commander of a distinguished Rumanian cavalry regiment.
In the summer of 1897, Ferdinand fell seriously ill with typhus. He was for a time feared to be dying. His recovery was a prolonged one, and it left him physically weakened. While Ferdinand was convalescing, Marie of Rumania had her first extramarital relationship, a romance with an aristocratic young army lieutenant. Word of the liaison spread in Rumanian society, and Marie fled for a time to visit her family in Germany. She returned in November 1899 upon hearing that her eldest child, Prince Carol, was ill with typhoid. The boy recovered, and she and Ferdinand responded to the emergency with a personal reconciliation.
While visiting England in 1902, Marie began a lifelong friendship with Waldorf Astor and his sister Pauline Astor , the children of an American millionaire who had settled in England. The friendship with the young Astor developed into an intense, albeit platonic, love affair. The birth of a fourth child, Nicholas, her second son, in 1903 led to a wave of gossip in Rumania that the boy was Waldorf's son, although his physical resemblance to Prince Ferdinand, his legal father, was striking.
By the start of the new century, Marie of Rumania had developed into a confident as well as a physically attractive woman. She had shaken off much of the confining supervision of the early years of her marriage and widened her circle of friends. A symbol of her growing freedom was her extensive contact with the wealthy, often dissolute, members of the Rumanian aristocracy.
In 1907, her life took a new turn in several ways. The oppressed peasantry rose in revolt, and thousands marched on the capital city of Bucharest. Marie and her children left the city to guarantee their safety. In her refuge at the mountain resort of Sinaia, she began her longstanding romantic attachment to Barbo Stirbey, a Rumanian noble and a prominent leader in the country's economy. As a longtime student of Rumanian politics, he provided Marie with her first serious introduction to the nation's problems. Word of their personal tie spread through European aristocratic circles, and rumor had it that the last of her six children, Ileana , born in 1909, and Mircea, born in 1913, were the offspring of their relationship.
When Rumania participated in the Second Balkan War in 1913, sending its army to invade Bulgaria, Marie of Rumania took on a public role for the first time. She visited the dismal and poorly equipped Rumanian military hospitals. Appalled by what she saw, she took the initiative in setting up an emergency center for treating soldiers with cholera. "Devoid of physical fear herself," writes Hannah Pakula , "the Crown Princess obtained permission from the King to
personally administer one of the cholera camps." It was a preview of one of her roles in World War I.
That same year, Stirbey received an important royal appointment when Carol made him superintendent of the crown's estates. It was a significant sign of royal influence; it also meant Stirbey would have daily contact with Marie.
In July 1914, when World War I began, Marie's relatives in Germany and Russia were rulers on opposite sides of the battle lines. King Carol, now suffering from severe illness, tried to bring Rumania into the war on the side of Germany and Austria, the Central Powers. He found his efforts blocked: all the major political leaders called for neutrality, a position that in fact reflected sympathy for the side of Britain, France, and Russia. Rumanian public opinion was virulently hostile to Austria-Hungary, since that country held Transylvania with its large Rumanian population. Marie, with her close ties to both Britain and Russia, shared the sympathies of most Rumanians, but she was tormented by the course of events. As she wrote a friend at the time, "One cannot know where or how we shall all be when this horrible nightmare is ended."
The death of King Carol less than two months after the start of the war placed Ferdinand and Marie on the throne as rulers of Rumania during this precarious era. The war came steadily closer to Rumania as Turkey entered the conflict on the side of Germany in late 1914, while Bulgaria did the same at the close of the following year. As monarch, Ferdinand remained the timid and indecisive figure he had always been. Personally inclined to favor Germany's side, he was swayed by those around him, notably the prime minister Ion Bratianu. Marie's influence too promoted sympathy for the Entente (Britain, France, and Russia). At Bratianu's request, she corresponded with King George V of Britain and Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, asking for future territorial concessions to Rumania, especially the acquisition of Transylvania. Notes Pakula, "Being everyone's relative warmed diplomatic waters."
In the spring and summer of 1916, the position of the Entente seemed increasingly favorable in Eastern Europe. The key event was the successful offensive by Russia's General Aleksei Brusilov against the Austro-Hungarian army. Pushed by Marie, Stirbey, and Bratianu, Ferdinand declared war on Austria-Hungary in late August. Germany immediately joined its ally against Rumania.
In short order, the military situation shifted. Brusilov's offensive stalled; the Rumanian offensive into Transylvania brought early successes but at the cost of stripping Rumania of its own defenses. By mid-September, powerful German armies were pouring into Rumania from the north and the south. Meanwhile, the German air force bombed Bucharest. In November, as German armies approached the nation's capital, personal tragedy struck Marie's family: her young son Mircea died of typhus. The Rumanian government and the royal family fled to Jassy, in the unoccupied area in the country's northeastern corner.
Marie of Rumania now became a heroine-queen, one of few effective leaders in her country. She directed the Rumanian Red Cross, worked long hours setting up relief efforts, and personally worked in the nation's bulging military hospitals. Dying soldiers held her photograph, and, when she visited the wounded, she was greeted with the cry of "Mamma Regina," the mother queen.
The new year brought worse news. The March 1917 Revolution in Russia, led by V.I. Lenin, toppled the Romanov monarchy and threatened to remove Rumania's large neighbor from the war. Marie's sister Victoria Melita, married to a Russian grand duke, seemed to be in great personal danger. A partially restored Rumanian army was able to hold defensive positions against an attack by the Central Powers at the battle of Marasesti in August 1917, but Russia's departure from the war threatened to isolate Rumania completely. In November, the Bolsheviks came to power in Russia and the threat became reality. Russia made peace with the Central Powers at Brest-Litovsk in March 1918; Rumania was forced to do the same.
The international public soon heard that Marie refused to accept the peace settlement. These difficult months brought both a new romantic interest and new personal difficulties into her life. She became the firm friend, and perhaps the lover, of Joe Boyle, a representative of the Canadian Red Cross, who heroically delivered supplies from Russia into Rumania. Meanwhile, her eldest son Carol, the heir to the throne, caused deep personal and political embarrassment. He abandoned his duties as an officer in the Rumanian army and eloped to marry a young society woman, Jeanne Lambrino , nicknamed Zizi. Marie fought successfully to have the marriage annulled and to permit Carol to retain his right to succeed his father someday as king.
In the closing days of the war, Austria-Hungary collapsed, a pro-Entente government took power in Rumania, and the country re-entered the war on November 9. Marie was overjoyed at the turn of events. At the close of the month, the royal couple, accompanied by their French military adviser, General Henri Berthelot, returned in triumph to Bucharest. They soon discovered that the Germans had looted and devastated much of the country. Russian troops in Rumania, undisciplined in the aftermath of revolution, had also used their stay in Marie's realm to pillage.
At the request of Bratianu, who was serving as Rumania's delegate at the Versailles Peace Conference, Marie came to France to aid her country's diplomatic efforts. Bratianu was pursuing a policy of gaining vast territories for Rumania, but he found the representatives of the major victorious powers unsympathetic. Marie of Rumania answered Bratianu's call with enthusiasm, and received a warm welcome in Paris. Supplied with information and talking points by Bratianu, the queen applied her charm. She held press conferences, lobbied leaders like Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau and President Woodrow Wilson, and visited military hospitals. Marie was also able to renew her longtime friendship with the Astor family. The Peace Conference ended with Rumanian success in gaining a vast amount of territory at the expense of the defeated powers. Due mainly to the strength of the Rumanian army and the power vacuum in Eastern Europe, her country's success was attributed by many, nonetheless, to Marie's personal efforts. Said Marie, "I had given my country a living face."
Marie of Rumania's life in the postwar period contained glamorous elements, many of them which she herself fostered. She continued to be famous for a flamboyant style of dressing, featuring wide hats, long gowns, fur wraps, capes, and turbans. She saw to it that her image was distributed throughout the world on millions of postcards. Rumania's queen even wrote a syndicated column for the newspapers of North America. In 1926, she toured the United States, beginning with a ticker-tape welcoming parade in New York. There, one newspaper greeted her as "the world's first ultra-modern queen." She visited with President Calvin Coolidge and General John Pershing, Sioux Indians, and the cadets at West Point. She was even fodder for the wit of Dorothy Parker :
Oh, life is a glorious cycle of song.
A medley of extemporanea;
And love is a thing that can never go wrong;
And I am Marie of Roumania.
Despite Marie's long-standing success in the public eye, the trip soon became an embarrassment to the government back home due to her lavish style of travel, her occasional verbal indiscretions, and the unrelenting curiosity of the press. Word of her husband's illness encouraged her to cut the visit short.
These years were burdened by the disreputable behavior of her oldest son. Carol continued romantic attachments with unsuitable women and refused to fulfill his duties as an army officer. Although he married Princess Helen of Greece in February 1921 and their child Michael was born in late October, the marriage soon broke down. To Marie's consternation, he soon took up a scandalous relationship with a commoner from a Jewish family, Elena Lupescu . In 1925, Carol left the country, renounced his rights to the throne, and set up housekeeping with his mistress in Paris.
On a happier note for Marie, she saw one daughter, Marie , known as Mignon, married to Alexander (I), the crown prince of Yugoslavia, and another, Elisabeth , married to George, the crown prince of Greece. A signal event in these postwar years was the formal coronation of Ferdinand and Marie on October 15, 1922, as monarchs of the newly expanded Rumania.
Marie's own troubled marriage was transformed into a more serene tie in the postwar years. She and Ferdinand each accepted the other's extramarital alliances. They found common ground in devotion to their children and their royal responsibilities. Marie's skilled hand in public ceremonies complemented the shy Ferdinand's behind-the-scene political influence.
Ferdinand died of cancer in July 1927. In the last months of the monarch's life, Marie moved frantically to get Carol to return to Rumania. Like many politically astute figures in the country, she knew that it would be dangerous to have Carol's child Michael take the throne under a regency. Rumania's neighbors like Hungary might seize on such an opportunity to retake territory they had lost to the Bucharest government after World War I. But Carol had little interest in returning to Rumania without Elena Lupescu. The death soon afterward of Ion Bratianu, the country's only powerful political leader, only heightened her anxiety.
Marie soon witnessed even more political difficulty. The onset of the Depression struck Rumania's farm-based economy with stark force. Marie was frozen out of the regency council and became frustrated by her lack of political influence. She busied herself with her relationship with Barbo Stirbey; she also wrote a number of romantic novels and started work on her memoirs.
Carol returned in a successful coup in June 1930. He flew to Bucharest and soon received majority support from the regency council. Marie received word of these events while in Germany. She was well acquainted with her son's personal failings, but she accepted his return. The country, in her view, needed the kind of leadership that would restore national unity. She herself hoped to play a role in the new political environment.
Events soon disappointed Marie. King Carol II exiled Barbo Stirbey, whom he had disliked for years. He scandalized Rumanian opinion when he brought his mistress, Elena Lupescu, back home from France. Marie found her own activities restricted, and the new monarch cut off a substantial part of her income. A solitary bright spot in Marie's life was the marriage of her daughter Ileana to an Austrian noble.
Meanwhile, the political scene in Rumania grew uglier. Opposition to the power of Elena Lupescu spurred the growth of a Fascist movement. Led by the attorney Corneliu Codreanu, it was first called the Legion of the Archangel Michael, then renamed the Iron Guard. In 1933, the movement claimed a prominent victim when a member assassinated Marie's friend, Prime Minister Jean Duca. The following year, Marie was shaken by another assassination: her son-in-law, King Alexander of Yugoslavia, was murdered by a Croatian in Marseilles. Marie's daughter Mignon was a widow at the age of 34.
In 1934, Marie published the first portion of her autobiography and received favorable reviews as well as a prestigious British literary prize the following year. She then marked her 60th birthday, still a strikingly attractive woman as a number of portraits painted by Sir Philip de László have recorded. The sadness in one of them reflects her grief at the death of her sister and oldest friend Victoria Melita. At Victoria's deathbed in 1936, Marie had a final reunion with all of her sisters.
Her final illness became evident in March 1937. Marie collapsed at her home in Rumania, and her doctors discovered she suffered from repeated bouts of internal bleeding, possibly due to liver disease. King Carol seemed indifferent to her suffering; it took an angry confrontation between him and his sister Mignon to make the monarch call in noted specialists. Marie was able to continue writing her memoirs, but suffered a relapse at the end of the year. Her last months were filled with political pain as King Carol abolished the existing constitution in 1938 and declared himself the country's dictator.
Marie died at Sinaia on July 18, 1938. Her last words to her son were a plea that he be "a just and strong monarch." She was buried at the royal tomb at Curtea de Arges. Following her own typically romantic request, her heart was cut out and placed in the chapel at Balcic, her private retreat on the Black Sea.
Marie of Rumania remains a complex and fascinating figure to students of her time. In an era when European royalty seemed a useless anachronism, her personality was striking, and she played a significant, at times heroic, role for her country both in World War I and at the Peace Conference.
sources:
Blanch, Lesley. Pavilions of the Heart: The Four Walls of Love. NY: Putnam, 1974.
Elsberry, Terence. Marie of Roumania: The Intimate Life of a Twentieth Century Queen. NY: St. Martin's, 1972.
Pakula, Hannah. The Last Romantic: A Biography of Queen Marie of Roumania. NY: Simon and Schuster, 1984.
suggested reading:
Blanch, Lesley. Under a Lilac-Bleeding Star. NY: Atheneum, 1964.
Marie, Queen of Roumania. The Story of My Life. NY: Scribner, 1934.
Seton-Watson, Hugh. Eastern Europe between the Wars, 1918–1941. 3rd ed. Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1962.
Stavrianos, Leften. The Balkans since 1453. NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1958.
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 85
|
https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/carol-i-the-first-king-of-romania/65341671
|
en
|
Carol I, The first King of Romania
|
[
"https://public.slidesharecdn.com/images/next/svg/logo/slideshare-scribd-company.svg?w=128&q=75 1x, https://public.slidesharecdn.com/images/next/svg/logo/slideshare-scribd-company.svg?w=256&q=75 2x",
"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/85/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-1-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/85/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-1-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/75/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-1-2048.jpg 2048w",
"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/85/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-2-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/85/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-2-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/75/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-2-2048.jpg 2048w",
"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/85/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-3-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/85/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-3-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/75/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-3-2048.jpg 2048w",
"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/85/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-4-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/85/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-4-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/75/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-4-2048.jpg 2048w",
"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/85/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-5-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/85/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-5-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/75/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-5-2048.jpg 2048w",
"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/85/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-6-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/85/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-6-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/75/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-6-2048.jpg 2048w",
"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/85/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-7-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/85/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-7-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/75/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-7-2048.jpg 2048w",
"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/85/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-8-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/85/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-8-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/75/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-8-2048.jpg 2048w",
"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/85/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-9-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/85/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-9-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/caroliofromania-160825041450/75/Carol-I-The-first-King-of-Romania-9-2048.jpg 2048w"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2016-08-25T04:14:50+00:00
|
Carol I, The first King of Romania - Download as a PDF or view online for free
|
en
|
https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/favicon.7bc3d920.ico
|
SlideShare
|
https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/carol-i-the-first-king-of-romania/65341671
|
1. Prepared by: HuyHuang HENG
2. Personal life Legacy for Romania Reference Content
3. Full name: Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig Born: 20 April 1839 (in Prussia, now Germany) He is the second son of the family In 1857, he was attending the courses of the Artillery School in Berlin. He was quite frail and not very tall, but he was reported to be the perfect soldier, healthy, disciplined, and also a very good politician with liberal ideas. Coronation: 10 May 1881 Personal Life
4. Married: 15 November 1869 with princess Elizabeth of Wied • When he was elected to be prince of Romania, he was not allowed to marry Romanian origin girl. Therefore, he started his trip around Europe and mainly Germany to search for his bride. • People said he and his wife were “the most unfitted matches” because he was a cold man while she was a notorious dreamer and a poet. • They had only one daughter, Princess Maria, who was born in 1871 and died when she was 3 years old, 1874 Personal Life
5. He really focus on his work as his wife described him “wore crown in his sleep” Dead: 10 October 1914 (in Romania at age 75) Personal Life
6. He personally led Romanian troops during the Russo-Turkish War and assumed command of the Russo/Romanian army He brought full independent from Ottoman Empire Legacy for Romania
7. He built Peleş Castle, still one of Romania's most visited touristic attractions. He built the first bridge over the Danube, between Fetesti and Cernavoda, linking the new acquired province to the rest of the country. Legacy for Romania
8. The long rule of 48 years by King Carol I allowed both the rapid establishment and the strong economical development of the Romanian state. Carol I had a sense of duty towards his people. He wanted to lay solid foundations on which the new nation could build its economy, preserve freedom and secure a stable future. Carol's wife, referring to his sense of duty, said "he is wearing the crown even while sleeping.” Legacy for Romania
|
||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 48
|
https://en.peles.ro/historical-figures/king-carol-i/
|
en
|
King Carol I – Peles National Museum
|
[
"https://en.peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/5JFV8_AL01.jpg",
"http://peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/drapel_romania.png",
"https://en.peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/regele-carol-i-970x497.jpg",
"https://en.peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/004-Carol-I-tot-205x300-1.jpg",
"https://en.peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/003-Carol-i-as-a-prince-209x300-1.jpg",
"https://en.peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/image017-218x300-1.jpg",
"http://peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/hostx_88x30.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
https://en.peles.ro/historical-figures/king-carol-i/
|
Carol I of Hohenzollern – Sigmaringen, the first King of Romania, was born in Germany, in the Sigmaringen castle, on 23 April 1839, as the second son of Prince Karl – Anton of Hohenzollern – Sigmaringen and of Josephine of Baden, daughter of Grand Duke of Baden. On 20 april 1866, the Romanian politicians elected him as Rulling Prince of the United Principalities.
After finishing his elementary studies, Carol entered the Cadet School in Münster. In 1857, he attended the courses of the Artillery School in Berlin and took art history classes at Berlin University under the guidance of the aesthetician Anton Springer. Up to 1866, when he accepted the crown of Romania, he was a Prussian officer and took part in the Second Schleswig War, including the assault of the Fredericia citadel, an experience which would be very useful to him, later, in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877/78.
On 10 May 1866, Carol entered Bucharest, the capital of United Principalities. As he was crowned, Carol swore this oath: “I swear to guard the laws of Romania, to maintain the rights of its people and the integrity of its territory.” He spoke in French, as he did not yet speak Romanian. However, he endeared himself to his adopted country by adopting the Romanian spelling of his name, Carol. He learned to speak Romanian not long after that, taking classes with the Romanian historian August Treboniu Laurian.
On the 1st of July, two months after his arrival, the Romanian Parliament adopted the 1866 Constitution of Romania, one of the most modern constitutions of that time. Inspired by the Belgian Constitution, it guaranteed private propriety, freedom of speech, total freedom of the press, it abolished the death penalty during peace time, and established separation of powers.
In 1869, Carol married the German princess Elisabeth of Wied. Their only daughter, princess Marioara, died at four years old. In order to ensure the succession, prince Ferdinand of Hohenzollern – Sigmaringen, Carol’s nephew, was named Prince of Romania and heir to the throne.
On 10 May 1877, the Principality of Romania, which was under formal Turkish rule, declared its independence. The declaration was put forward and voted on by the Parliament, being then promulgated by Prince Carol.
Romania participated at the Russo-Turkish War and Carol was named Commander in charge the of the combined Russian and Romanian forces that were surrounding the town of Pleven which surrendered on 28 November 1877.
After the war, on 13 July 1878, the Treaty of Berlin recognized Romania as an independent state.
On 15 March 1881, the constitution was amended to proclaim Romania a kingdom. Carol became the first King of the Romanians. On 10 May, he was crowned as king. The crown that was used in the coronation of Carol was forged from the steel of one of the Ottoman cannons captured by the Romanian Army at the Pleven.
On October 1883, King Carol signed a secret political-military Treaty with the Austro – Hungarian Empire whereat Germany and Italy adhered to afterward. The Treaty was, at that moment, the only solution to counter an eventual Russian offensive against Romania. The Romanian policy at the end of the 19 century and the beginning of the 20th, promoted by King Carol I, pursued the consolidation of the independence and the defence of territorial integrity. Romania’s purpose was to remain, as much as possible, outwards an European conflict, Carol’s objective being the country’s neutrality.
However, on 3 August 1914, the Crown Council held at the Peles Castle, decided the neutrality of the country for the first two years of the World War I.
King Carol I died on September 1914.
His reign is characterized by a remarkable political stability, prosperity and progress; he is seen as the founder of modern Romania and one of the most revered personality in the country’s history.
|
|||||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 5
|
https://en.peles.ro/historical-figures/queen-elisabeth/
|
en
|
Queen Elisabeth – Peles National Museum
|
[
"https://en.peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/5JFV8_AL01.jpg",
"http://peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/drapel_romania.png",
"https://en.peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Elizabeth_Queen_of_Romania-970x1624.jpg",
"https://en.peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/elisabeta-inainte-de-casatoria-cu-Carol-I-238x300-1.jpg",
"https://en.peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/3.-7287-202x300-1.jpg",
"https://en.peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/9.-FOTO-ENESCU-REGINA-202x300-1.jpg",
"http://peles.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/hostx_88x30.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
https://en.peles.ro/historical-figures/queen-elisabeth/
|
Princess Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise of Wied, the first Queen of Romania, was born on December 29,1843, at Monrepos castle in Neuwied, Germany. Her parents were Hermann, Prince of Wied and Princess Marie of Nassau.
Since her childhood, Elisabeth studied classical languages, French and English literature, philosophy, history, grammar and proved an extraordinary talent for the foreign languages: Italian, French, English, Swedish and Russian. At the same time, she took piano lessons with Claire Schumann and Anton Rubinstein. Her education was accomplished by studying Philosophy at Budapest and Heidelberg Universities and painting at Berlin Beaux-Arts Academy.
In 1869, Elisabeth married Carol of Hohenzollern – Sigmaringen and one year later, their child, Princess Marioara, was born. The parents’ joy was short, Marioara died at the age of four years old of scarlet fever. After her daughter’s loss, Elisabeth’s life would be put in the service of her foster people. Her work during the War of Independence (1877-1878) is well-known: she was the patron of the Romanian Red Cross and was called by the soldiers ,,the Mother of Wounded”. At the same time, she founded schools, charitable organisations and hospitals and developed an extensive patronage of arts. Elisabeth discovered and financially sustained young talented people or well-known Romanian and foreign artists. The Romanian musicians George Enescu and Dumitru Dinicu, the painter Nicolae Grigorescu and the writers Elena Văcărescu, I.L.Caragiale and Vasile Alecsandri benefited by Elisabeth’s attention and benevolence.
At the Royal Palace, in Bucharest, and at the Peles castle, in Sinaia, she used to organize literary and musical soirées where artists such as Pierre Loti, Pablo de Sarasate, Gabrielle-Charlotte Reju, called Réjane, Eleonora Duse and Sarah Bernhardt were invited.
Queen Elisabeth was also a prolific author. Novels, essayes, burlesques, plays, fairy tales and translations from the Romanian folklore were written by herself, under the pen-name Carmen Sylva – The Song of the Forest. For The Thoughts of a Queen, the French Academy awarded her the famous literary award Botta, and she received the honorary title The Bard of Wales, in 1890.
Charitable Organizations founded by Queen Elisabeth
Elena Doamna Asylum: a project initiated by Elena Rosetti Cuza, the wife of former United Principalities ruler Al.I.Cuza, in 1862.The young Princess Elisabeth, generously offered her personal savings, 12 000 francs, to build, in the asylum’s precinct, a chapel whose construction started in 1870.
Six years later, she founded the National Romanian Red Cross Organization. At the beginning of the War of Independence, along with General Carol Davila, sanitarian of the Romanian service, she founded the ambulance service and in the vicinity of Cotroceni Palace, in Bucharest, with her own money, 36 000 francs, two barracks for wounded are built and Cotroceni train station was transformed into a hospital.
The Institute of the Sisters of Charity founded in 1879, from her personal revenue.
The Organization ,,Queen Elisabeth’’: founded in 1893, in order to medicate c. 17 000 poor people/year, to dispense free medicaments and to monitor the poor families situation.
The Polyclinic ,,Queen Elisabeth’’: founded in 1895 under the honorary patronage of the Queen, in order to give free consultations to poor people.
Queen Elisabeth understood the huge potential of the Romanian traditional culture. Amazed by the beauty of the national costume, she used to wear it and promote it at the Royal Court. She encouraged the local industry’s development and also contributed to the social emancipation of the Romanian women. Concordia Society was founded in order to encourage the Romanian textile industry’s development. The embroideries made within it were appreciated by the famous Fashion Houses from Paris and London. In 1905, at Marsan Pavilion an embroideries exhibition called ,,Carmen Sylva Embroideries” was open. The French press appreciatively wrote about it.
Munca Society founded in 1885 in order to help the poor women, invalid women, widows and housewives.
Queen Elisabeth also founded, on the Royal Peles Estate, the Arts and Crafts Workshops where most of the furniture to decorate the Peles castle (1875-1883) were made.
Due to the Queen, Romania participated at the Universal Exhibitions organized in Paris, in 1867, 1889 and 1900, where traditional products, embroideries, tapestries and national costumes were exhibited. In 1912, Queen Elisabeth organized at Berlin an exhibition entitled ,,The women involved in arts and crafts”, with large echoes in the international press.
|
|||||||
29369
|
yago
|
1
| 10
|
https://timenote.info/en/Elisabeth-of-Wied
|
en
|
Elisabeth of Wied
|
[
"https://media2.nekropole.info/2022/12/Elizaveta-Nojvidskaja_idx_63adb2f717230-sq.jpg",
"https://media2.nekropole.info/2022/12/Elizaveta-Nojvidskaja_idx-sq.jpg",
"https://media2.nekropole.info/2022/12/Elisabeth-zu-Wied_idx-sq.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Flag_of_Hohenzollern-Hechingen_and_Sigmaringen.png/23px-Flag_of_Hohenzollern-Hechingen_and_Sigmaringen.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867-1918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria-Hungary_%281867-1918%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal_%281830%E2%80%931910%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia_%281882%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain_%281785%E2%80%931873%2C_1875%E2%80%931931%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg/23px-Flagge_K%C3%B6nigreich_W%C3%BCrttemberg.svg.png",
"https://timenote.info/img/ajax-loader.gif",
"https://media2.nekropole.info/2022/12/Carol-I-of-Romania_idx-sq.jpg",
"https://media2.nekropole.info/2015/10/Pavlovich-Nikolaj-I_idx-sq.jpg",
"https://media2.nekropole.info/2014/07/220px-Queen_Victoria_by_Bassano_idx-sq.jpg",
"https://www.paypal.com/en_LV/i/scr/pixel.gif",
"https://www.paypalobjects.com/en_US/i/scr/pixel.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-08-21T14:36:49-04:00
|
Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise of Wied (29 December 1843 – 2 March 1916) was the first queen of Romania as the wife of King Carol I from 15 March 1881 to 27 Se
|
en
|
/img/icons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png
|
https://timenote.info/en/Elisabeth-of-Wied
|
Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise of Wied (29 December 1843 – 2 March 1916) was the first queen of Romania as the wife of King Carol I from 15 March 1881 to 27 September 1914.
She had been the princess consort of Romania since her marriage to then-Prince Carol on 15 November 1869.
Elisabeth was born into a German noble family. She was briefly considered as a potential bride for the future British king Edward VII, but Edward rejected her. Elisabeth married Prince Carol of Romania in 1869. Their only child, Princess Maria, died aged three in 1874, and Elisabeth never fully recovered from the loss of her daughter. When Romania became a kingdom in 1881, Elisabeth became queen, and she was crowned together with Carol that same year.
Elisabeth was a prolific writer under the name Carmen Sylva.
Family and early life
Born at Castle Monrepos in Neuwied, she was the daughter of Hermann, Prince of Wied, and his wife Princess Marie of Nassau.
Elisabeth had artistic leanings; her childhood featured seances and visits to the local asylum for the mentally ill.
Marriage
When she was about 16, Elisabeth was considered as a possible bride for Albert Edward, Prince of Wales ("Bertie"), the eldest son and heir apparent of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. The Queen strongly favored Elisabeth as a prospective daughter-in-law and urged her daughter Victoria, Princess Royal, to look further into her. Elisabeth was spending the social season at the Berlin court, where her family hoped she would be tamed into a docile, marriageable princess. Princess Victoria told the Queen, "I do not think her at all distinguée looking—certainly the opposite to Bertie's usual taste", whereas the tall and slender Alexandra of Denmark was "just the style Bertie admires". The Prince of Wales was also shown photographs of Elisabeth, but professed himself unmoved and declined to give them a second glance. In the end, Alexandra was selected for Albert Edward.
Elisabeth first met Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in Berlin in 1861. In 1869, Karl, who was now Prince Carol of Romania, traveled to Germany in search of a suitable consort. He was reunited with Elisabeth, and the two were married on 15 November 1869 in Neuwied. Their only child, a daughter, Maria, died in 1874 at age three — an event from which Elisabeth never recovered. She was crowned Queen of Romania in 1881 after Romania was proclaimed a kingdom.
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, also known as the Romanian War of Independence, she devoted herself to the care of the wounded, and founded the Decoration of the Cross of Queen Elisabeth to reward distinguished service in such work. She fostered the higher education of women in Romania, and established societies for various charitable objects. She was the 835th Dame of the Order of Queen Maria Luisa. She died at the Golescu Mansion in Bucharest.
She founded the National Society for the Blind and was the first royal patron of the Romanian Red Cross.
Early distinguished by her excellence as a pianist, organist and singer, she also showed considerable ability in painting and illuminating; but a lively poetic imagination led her to the path of literature, and more especially to poetry, folk-lore and ballads. In addition to numerous original works she put into literary form many of the legends current among the Romanian peasantry.
Literary activity
As "Carmen Sylva", she wrote with facility in German, Romanian, French and English. A few of her voluminous writings, which include poems, plays, novels, short stories, essays, collections of aphorisms, etc., may be singled out for special mention:
Her earliest publications were "Sappho" and "Hammerstein", two poems which appeared at Leipzig in 1880.
In 1888 she received the Prix Botta, a prize awarded triennially by the Académie française, for her volume of prose aphorisms Les Pensees d'une reine (Paris, 1882), a German version of which is entitled Vom Amboss (Bonn, 1890).
Cuvinte Sufletesci, religious meditations in Romanian (Bucharest, 1888), was also translated into German (Bonn, 1890), under the name of Seelen-Gespräche.
Several of the works of "Carmen Sylva" were written in collaboration with Mite Kremnitz, one of her maids of honor; these were published between 1881 and 1888, in some cases under the pseudonyms Dito et Idem. These include:
Aus zwei Welten (Leipzig, 1884), a novel
Anna Boleyn (Bonn, 1886), a tragedy
In der Irre (Bonn, 1888), a collection of short stories
Edleen Vaughan, or Paths of Peril (London, 1894), a novel
Sweet Hours (London, 1904), poems, written in English.
Among the translations made by "Carmen Sylva" include:
German versions of Pierre Loti's romance Pecheur d'Islande
German versions of Paul de St Victor's dramatic criticisms Les Deux Masques (Paris, 1881–1884)
and especially The Bard of the Dimbovitza, an English translation of Elena Văcărescu's collection of Romanian folk-songs, etc., entitled Lieder aus dem Dimbovitzathal (Bonn, 1889), translated by "Carmen Sylva" and Alma Strettell.
The Bard of the Dimbovitza was first published in 1891, and was soon reissued and expanded. Translations from the original works of "Carmen Sylva" have appeared in all the principal languages of Europe and in Armenian.
A book of reminiscences From Memory's Shrine was published in 1911.
Văcărescu Affair
In 1881, due to the lack of heirs to the Romanian throne, King Carol I adopted his nephew, Ferdinand. Ferdinand, a complete stranger in his new home, started to get close to one of Elisabeth's ladies in waiting, Elena Văcărescu. Elisabeth, very close to Elena herself, encouraged the romance, although she was perfectly aware of the fact that a marriage between the two was forbidden by the Romanian constitution.
The result of this was the exile of both Elisabeth (in Neuwied) and Elena (in Paris), as well as a trip by Ferdinand through Europe in search of a suitable bride, whom he eventually found in Queen Victoria's granddaughter, Princess Marie of Edinburgh. The affair helped reinforce Elisabeth's image as a dreamer and eccentric.
Quite unusually for a queen, Elisabeth of Wied was personally of the opinion that a republican form of government was preferable to monarchy—an opinion which she expressed forthrightly in her diary, though she did not make it public at the time:
I must sympathize with the Social Democrats, especially in view of the inaction and corruption of the nobles. These "little people", after all, want only what nature confers: equality. The Republican form of government is the only rational one. I can never understand the foolish people, the fact that they continue to tolerate us.
Honours
National
Germany: Dame of the Order of Louise
Hohenzollern: Dame of the House Order of Hohenzollern
Romania: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown
Romania: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Carol I
Romania: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania
Romania: Grand Master Knight of the Decoration of the Cross of Queen Elisabeth
Romania: Recipient of the Ruby Jubilee Medal of King Carol I
Foreign
Austria-Hungary:
Dame of the Order of the Starry Cross, 1st Class
Decoration of Honour for Arts and Sciences, in Brilliants, 1896
Grand Cross of the Imperial Austrian Order of Elizabeth, 1913
Portugal: Dame of the Order of Queen Saint Isabel
Russia: Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Saint Catherine
Serbia: Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Saint Sava
Spain: Dame of the Order of Queen Maria Luisa, 26 December 1884
United Kingdom: Royal Order of Victoria and Albert, 1st Class
Württemberg: Dame of the Order of Olga, 1880
Legacy
The Bucharest-born colonizer of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, Julius Popper, was a fan of her work and named some features after her.
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 12
|
https://travelmakertours.com/the-story-of-the-romanian-royal-family-a-journey-into-the-past/
|
en
|
The Story of the Romanian Royal Family – a Journey into the Past
|
[
"https://travelmakertours.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/TravelMaker_logo.png",
"https://travelmakertours.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/TravelMaker_logo.png",
"https://travelmakertours.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Romanian-Royal-Family-Carol-I-1024x538.jpg",
"https://travelmakertours.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Ferdinand-I-Royal-Family-of-Romania-min.jpeg",
"https://travelmakertours.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/King-Michael-I-of-Romania-1024x1024.jpg",
"https://travelmakertours.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/iata.png",
"https://travelmakertours.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/incoming.png",
"https://demo.goodlayers.com/traveltour/main4/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/creditcard-logo.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Raluca Ursu"
] |
2020-10-14T13:52:08+00:00
|
Romania has quite an interesting history. This is why we decided to write an article and walk you through the history of the Romanian royal family.
|
en
|
TravelMaker
|
https://travelmakertours.com/the-story-of-the-romanian-royal-family-a-journey-into-the-past/
|
The Romanian Royal Family, a branch of the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen dynasty, has a fascinating history that many foreign tourists are unaware of.
We have decided to write an article to take you through the history of the Romanian Royal Family. Romania was a constitutional monarchy from 1881 until 1947 when it was proclaimed a socialist republic. But let’s begin from the very start, shall we?
How Carol I Became the First King of Romania
On February 23rd, 1866, the Conservatives and radical Liberals forced Alexandru Ioan Cuza, the prince of Moldavia and Wallachia, to abdicate.
At that time, Romania stood as a principality with Bucharest as its capital.
This significant event prompted Romanian politicians to initiate a search for a replacement for Alexandru Ioan Cuza.
The liberals and conservatives jointly determined that, in order to maintain the country’s stability and unity, established in 1859, they must select a foreign prince.
When Philip of Flanders declined the offer, liberal leaders Ion C. Brătianu and C.A. Rosetti traveled to Germany, where Carol, the son of Prince Karl Anton Carol of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, accepted their proposal to become the prince of Romania.
This decision was supported by France, through Napoleon, and also by the King of Prussia.
On May 10th, 1866, Carol, a member of the Romanian Royal Family, arrived in Bucharest, marking the commencement of Romania’s National Day during the years 1866-1916 and 1918-1947. Although Carol, a German by origin, faced opposition from some due to his foreign heritage, several significant contributions to the nation can be attributed to his rule. His chief achievements encompassed the construction of a vital rail link connecting Fetesti and Cernavoda across the Borcea arm and the Danube, the establishment of a comprehensive railway system, the creation of agricultural credit banks, the expansion and modernization of the military, and the construction of schools, churches, and royal estates.
Path to Independence and Legacy
Prince Carol I played a pivotal role in Romania’s victory in the Independence War against the Ottoman Empire in 1877, as he commanded the troops. Following Romania’s independence, the country proclaimed itself a kingdom in 1881, with Carol I assuming the position of the first king of Romania. Carol I’s reign spanned 48 years, making it the lengthiest reign in Romanian history. He passed away in 1914. He was married to Elisabeth of Wied, who became the queen and was also renowned by her literary name, Carmen Sylva. Regrettably, their sole child, a daughter, passed away before reaching the age of four. In the absence of a male heir, the succession to the throne had to be determined from among Carol’s family members.
Ferdinand I: The Second King of Romania and His Role in the Romanian Royal Family
Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Carol’s brother, had three sons: Wilhelm, Ferdinand and Karl.
Because Leopold and Willhelm renounced their succession rights to the throne, Ferdinand, the nephew of King Carol I, became the heir to the throne.
British princess Marie of Edinburgh, Queen Victoria’s granddaughter, was his spouse, and they had six children: Carol, Nicolae, Elisabeth, Maria, Ileana, and Mircea.
Ferdinand initiated his rule at the onset of World War I, a tumultuous period for Romania. A mere two months prior to King Carol I’s demise, he expressed his desire for Romania to align with Germany at the war’s outset.
At that time, the Romanians already had a history with the Entente, which consisted of the French Republic, the British Empire, and the Russian Empire. Nevertheless, Carol found himself compelled to embrace a policy of neutrality.
The Decision to Join the Allies
Nonetheless, this represented only a temporary resolution, as Romania was destined to take a side one way or another.
Ferdinand I faced mounting pressure, both from the populace and his wife. Marie actively championed the Entente cause, and in the summer of 1916, Ferdinand declared war on Germany and chose to align Romania with the Allied Powers.
Romania lost a lot of people during the war because the army lacked a solid strategy. By 1917, the only territory which was left for them to protect was the region of Moldavia.
At the end of WWI, Romania became Greater Romania by becoming united with Transylvania, Bukovina, and Bessarabia, which was an outcome not many people believed could happen. It was all due to the Treaty of Versailles.
In 1922, Ferdinand I and Marie were officially crowned King and Queen of Greater Romania.
Ferdinand died in 1927, which meant the throne would go to his eldest son, Carol II. But things got a little complicated.
Michael I’s Ascension to the Romanian Throne at the Age of 6
Carol II, Ferdinand’s son, held the most controversial history within the Romanian Royal Family.
First, the Romanian Supreme Court annulled his secret marriage to Zizi Lambrino. Then, external pressure compelled him to wed Greek princess Elena, who gave birth to their son, Michael.
Carol II, eventually, renounced the throne in favor of Elena Lupescu, a socialite with whom he had an affair in the 20s. In 1925, he relocated to Paris with her, and a parliamentary act designated Michael, his son, as the heir to the throne.
This is the tale of how, following Ferdinand’s demise, Michael ascended to the Romanian throne at the tender age of six.
Carol II, the Third Real King of Romania
Because Michael was a child at that time, the law required a board of regents to govern the country. Prince Nicholas (Carol II’s brother), Patriarch Miron Cristea, and the first president of the Court of Cassation, Gheorghe Buzdugan, formed this board.
A long regency’s potential impact on the country’s stability prompted a group of politicians to pressure Carol II to return to Romania in 1930.
June 8th, 1930, Carol II is proclaimed king
He aggressively approached the democratic system and, in 1938, he established Romania as an absolute monarchy by dissolving the political parties. He also transformed the 1923 Constitution to grant the king more power.
Under Carol II’s reign, Romania achieved its highest economic development.
Nevertheless, the Soviet Union acquired Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina from Romania due to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi-Soviet Pact.
General Ion Antonescu forced Carol II to abdicate during this period.
As a result, Michael reclaimed the throne as king once again.
Michael’s Second Reign
At that time, he was 19 years old and, on the first day, he signed a decree granting General Ion Antonescu full powers to govern the country. As previously mentioned, the king had to attain maturity of both mind and age to participate in political affairs.
Additionally, Antonescu held the belief that Michael lacked the necessary experience to make decisions during wartime, which prompted him to seize control.
In 1941, Romania declared war on the Soviet Union to reclaim Bessarabia. By 1944, King Michael I sought to negotiate peace with the Allies due to the inevitability of Soviet conquest.
He initiated a coup against Antonescu, resulting in his arrest. Despite Michael’s attempts to reinstate democratic rule in Romania, he proved unable to do so because of the stronger presence of the Communist Party.
In 1945, the king was forced by the Soviet Union to appoint a government ruled by Petru Groza. Michael remained more of a figurehead until the end of his reign.
Because the communists gained enough power, they were able to force the king to abdicate and leave the country.
Michael I’s Forced Abdication by Communists
In November 1947, he traveled to London for a wedding and met his wife, Princess Anne of Bourbon-Parma. Although he was offered asylum, he declined and returned to Romania.
However, on December 30th, Petru Groza summoned him to Bucharest. Upon his arrival, troops surrounded the Elisabeta Palace in Bucharest, and Groza and Communist Party leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej were waiting for him.
At that moment, Michael was compelled to abdicate as they held a gun to his head. The communists also issued threats, stating that the 1,000 students they had in prison would die if he refused, and they would order a bloodbath.
Following his exile, he married Princess Anne of Bourbon-Parma in Athens and had five daughters.
King Michael I was finally allowed to return to Romania
In 1990, the people removed the communists from power, and King Michael came to Romania to visit his family’s tomb. However, authorities stopped him on the highway and compelled him to leave the country.
It was only in 1997 that Emil Constantinescu, the president at that time, allowed Michael to return to the country by granting him Romanian citizenship and reinstating his visa.
Michael, the last king of the Romanian royal family, passed away on December 5th, 2017, at his residence in Switzerland at the age of 96.
Now, let’s explore the royal family’s residences over the years, which have since become popular tourist attractions steeped in history.
Elisabeta Palace. This is the official residence and it’s located in Bucharest.
The Royal Domain of Sinaia. It includes Peles Castle, Pelisor Castle, Foisor Castle, a royal sheepfold, and a large forest area.
Cotroceni Palace. Today, it serves as the official residence of the President of Romania.
Bran Castle. In 1920, it was gifted to Queen Marie of Romania by Brasov’s Town Council.
Balchik Palace. This is located in Bulgaria and it was the summer residence of Queen Marie.
Thousands of eager tourists visit these attractions every year to learn more about the history of the Romanian royal family. We encourage all of you to explore these incredible places on your next trip to Romania, selecting one or more of the numerous tours we provide. We have ensured the inclusion of the remarkable residences that are or have been a part of the royal family.
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 86
|
https://www.studyromanian.com/post/mariethequeenofromania
|
en
|
Marie - the Queen of Romania
|
[
"https://static.wixstatic.com/media/fbbdc6_7372bc7536254c15beaeab1a32342e4b~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_946,h_388,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/Untitled-2.jpg",
"https://static.wixstatic.com/media/fbbdc6_b0e5a245cb4b4848be74320404aec4be~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_214,h_85,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/logo%20marca%20inregistrata%20png.png",
"https://static.wixstatic.com/media/a702b9_0b13641b63a84014acd149a1f1610622~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_144,h_224,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/a702b9_0b13641b63a84014acd149a1f1610622~mv2.jpg",
"https://static.wixstatic.com/media/fbbdc6_1d883d70e8bd44919b707edb98172c41~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_130,h_173,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/fbbdc6_1d883d70e8bd44919b707edb98172c41~mv2.jpg",
"https://static.wixstatic.com/media/fbbdc6_2501543d05c241f6b584daf1d5519a50~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_147,h_138,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/fbbdc6_2501543d05c241f6b584daf1d5519a50~mv2.jpg",
"https://static.wixstatic.com/media/fbbdc6_0556401b91c645d08afcafdceb893163~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_190,h_84,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_3,enc_auto/fbbdc6_0556401b91c645d08afcafdceb893163~mv2.png",
"https://static.wixstatic.com/media/fbbdc6_e0e2b2516aed47528b81318b8be1a894~mv2.jpg/v1/crop/x_592,y_0,w_2214,h_100/fill/w_147,h_7,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/fbbdc6_e0e2b2516aed47528b81318b8be1a894~mv2.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Learn Romanian",
"Romanian",
"Romanian courses"
] | null |
[
"Iulia Andreescu"
] |
2017-08-31T06:57:00+00:00
|
One of the most prominent and loved feminine characters in the history of Romania is Queen Marie (Regina Maria). With a strong personality and a sincere love fo
|
en
|
studyromanian
|
https://www.studyromanian.com/post/mariethequeenofromania
|
One of the most prominent and loved feminine characters in the history of Romania is Queen Marie (Regina Maria). With a strong personality and a sincere love for her people, Marie managed to make herself and the country known worldwide.
One of her favorite quotes was ‘Character is destiny’ attributed to the Greek philosopher, Heraclitus, and later, discussed by Frederick Nietzsche. In this article, we are going to see how her strong and vivid character shaped her destiny.
Early life and marriage
Princess Marie of Edinburgh was born in 1875 into the British royal family. Her father was Prince Alfred, duke of Edinburgh and her mother, Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia. Her early childhood and upbringing were a mixture of strictness and rumbustious freedom: no emotional displays, no refusing food at the table, no over-familiarity with elders, but still being allowed to socialize at table conversations, to play pirates or cowboys, to climb trees or, to play in the mud at Buckingham Palace, when she was visiting her grandmother, Queen Victoria[1].
When Marie grew up and turned into a beautiful young lady with blue eyes and fair hair, she was courted by several royal bachelors. One of the bachelors was young Winston Churchill and another one, her Russian second cousin, Grand Duke George Mikhailovitch. At that time, King Carol I of Romania was looking for ”a suitable bride for Crown Prince Ferdinand”[2] .
However, motivated by the idea of removing tensions between Russia and Romania (in order to gain control over Bessarabia), Marie’s mother insisted that she should meet Ferdinand. They were first introduced to each other during a gala dinner and soon after, they got formally engaged [3].
Marie and Ferdinand got married on 10th January 1893, at Sigmaringen Castle. Their wedding ceremony was split into 3 separate events: the civil wedding, the Catholic one (Ferdinand's religion), and one Anglican. Marie and Ferdinand spent a few days of honeymoon at the Castle of Krauchenwies in Bavaria. From there, they left for the countryside, stopped at Vienna to meet Emperor Franz Joseph. After crossing Transylvania by train, they arrived at night in Predeal, where ” Marie was warmly welcomed by the Romanian people, who were longing for a more personal monarchy” [4].
Life at Court
At the beginning, Marie had difficulties in living in Romania, mostly because of her personality and because she disliked austerity. Even her marriage was not very easy at the beginning, as Ferdinand gave her no support and having only few common interests (flowers and photography). Gradually, the couple's relationship ”became based on a cordial friendship: Marie accorded Ferdinand respect she believed he was due as a man and, later, as king, and he respected her because he realized that she had a better understanding of the world than he did”. [5]
Marie became the mother of Carol 9 months after her marriage. During her life, she gave birth to 6 children: Prince Carol, Princess Elisabeth, Princess Maria,Prince Nicholas, Princess Ileana and Prince Mircea. Right from the start, King Carol and his wife, Queen Elisabeth, interfered in the way the children were educated, because they considered their parents too young for raising them properly.
In spite of all restrictions, her strong personality made her disobey the rules. She continued riding the horse although this was not considered an activity suitable for women. When Carol restricted her journeys outside Romania, Marie attended a ball, in Russia (in 1896), with her sister, Victoria Melita. [6]
Despite her refusal to respect Carol’s interdictions, she showed deep respect to the country and to Romanians. Soon after she came to Romania, she learned to speak the language and she followed her mother's advice ” to dress carefully and show respect for Orthodox rituals”[7]. After the Romanian Peasant’s Revolt in 1907, she decided to dress in Romanian traditional costume, both at home and in public, initiating a fashion trend among young upper-class women.
Activity during wars
The Tsardom of Bulgaria declared war on Greece on 29th of June 1913. Few days later, Romania entered the Balkan war, supporting Greece. This war was worsened by a cholera epidemic. Helped b y Dr. Ioan Cantacuzino and Sister Pucci ( a Red Cross nurse), Marie traveled between Romania and Bulgaria, moving from one hospital to another, ”bringing in cigarettes, food and other comforts for the men and sat by cholera victims”.[8]These events would prepare her for her future experiences in the Great War, gaining courage to face everything.
Soon after King Carol’s death, on 11th October 1914, Marie and Ferdinand were acclaimed as king and queen in the Chamber of Deputies.[9] Marie and Bratianu started pressuring Ferdinand into entering the World War I, favoring the alliance with the Triple Entente(Russia, France, Britain), mostly because of her origins.
During the war, Marie joined the Romanian Red Cross and worked in hospitals daily. Although in November 1916, their youngest son, Prince Mircea, who had been sick with typhoid fever, died at Buftea, she continued her activity as a nurse in military hospitals, going daily to the train station, receiving the injured soldiers and transporting them to hospitals[10].
The Coronation
After the War and after the the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 (when supported Romania’s cause in front of the Powers of the Entente) , she was a ”national heroine, a personality in her own right”, and the Queen of Romania[11].
Life after the War and the visit to the United States
In the 1920s, Marie started her career as a publicist, ”stating her opinions about men, marriage, fashion, beauty and, more seriously, women's rights and the lives and aspirations of Romanians”[12]. In 1925, she used her fiftieth birthday to write an article entitled "Facing Fifty".
In 1926, she left for a 2 months tour in the United States, where she was treated like a star. She was also received at the White House by the president Calvin Coolidge, and his wife, Grace. Before this tour, in 1924, Queen Marie was the first queen who was on the cover of Times magazine. After this great experience, when she came back, her life had changed as her husband was dying.
Widowhood and death
After Ferdinand’s death, Prince Carol started the dynastic crisis by renouncing to succeed his father to the throne[13]. Despite all the cruelties her son had done, Marie could not abandon him entirely, and never lost the hope that one day, he would change. As she waited, Marie occupied herself with her grandchildren, with horse- riding, with gardening, and with the publication of her autobiography. She spent her rest of her life in Bran, and in Balchik- where she had built a palace and a small chapel called Stella Maris.
This sufferance made her very ill and soon she died (on 18th July 1938, at Sinaia). At Queen’s death, Bucharest ”turned out in mauve, the mourning color she had requested” (and her favorite color during her life), and „ all along the rail line taking her to the cemetery at Curtea de Arges, peasants knelt in prayer”[14].
Sources
<http://www.tkinter.smig.net/QueenMarie/MammaRegina/index.htm>
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_of_Romania>
Notes
[1] www.tkinter.smig.net/QueenMarie/MammaRegina/index.htm
[2],[3],[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_of_Romania
[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_of_Romania
[6] http://www.tkinter.smig.net/QueenMarie/MammaRegina/index.htm
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_of_Romania
[8] http://www.tkinter.smig.net/QueenMarie/MammaRegina/index.htm
[11], [12] http://www.tkinter.smig.net/QueenMarie/MammaRegina/index.htm
[13] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_of_Romania
[14] http://www.tkinter.smig.net/QueenMarie/MammaRegina/index.htm
|
|||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 70
|
http://www.romanianculture.org/personalities/Carmen_Sylva.htm
|
en
|
Romanian Personalities
|
[
"http://www.romanianculture.org/images/logo2.gif",
"http://www.romanianculture.org/images/personality_imgs/carmen_sylva.jpg",
"http://www.romanianculture.org/images/personality_imgs/carmen_sylva_book1.jpg",
"http://www.romanianculture.org/images/personality_imgs/queen_elizabeth_romania_photo.jpg",
"http://www.romanianculture.org/images/personality_imgs/queen_elizabeth_romania_letter.jpg",
"http://www.romanianculture.org/images/personality_imgs/carmen_sylva_book2.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null |
Carmen Sylva
(1843-1916) Poet and Queen of Romania (Regina Elisabeta)
Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise zu Wied (Schloss Monrepos, Neuwied, 29 December 1843 - Curtea de ArgeÅ or Bucharest, 3 March/2 November 1916) was the Queen Consort of King Carol I of Romania, widely known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva.
Born in Neuwied, she was the daughter of German Prince Hermann of Wied and his wife Marie, daughter of Wilhelm, Duke of Nassau (and sister of Grand Duke Adolphe of Luxembourg). She was a prospective bride for Edward VII of the United Kingdom, then Prince of Wales. She first met the future king of Romania at Berlin in 1861, and was married to him on 15 November 1869 in Neuwied. Her only child, a daughter, Maria, died in 1874.
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 she devoted herself to the care of the wounded, and founded the Order of Elizabeth (a gold cross on a blue ribbon) to reward distinguished service in such work. She fostered the higher education of women in Romania, and established societies for various charitable objects.
Early distinguished by her excellence as a pianist, organist and singer, she also showed considerable ability in painting and illuminating; but a lively poetic imagination led her to the path of literature, and more especially to poetry, folk-lore and ballads. In addition to numerous original works she put into literary form many of the legends current among the Romanian peasantry.
She was the 835th Dame of the Royal Order of Queen Maria Luisa.
Wikipedia contributors, 'Elisabeth of Wied', Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 13 November 2008, 04:54 UTC, <http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elisabeth_of_Wied&oldid=251497414>
A signed photo of Queen Elizabeth of Romania (the authoress 'Carmen Sylva')
A letter written on behalf of Queen Elizabeth of Romania (the authoress 'Carmen Sylva') by her Private Secretary in August, 1907.
|
||||||||
29369
|
yago
|
2
| 69
|
https://www.candacefleming.com/blog/2014/07/29/a-suitor-for-olga/
|
en
|
A Suitor For Olga
|
[
"https://i0.wp.com/www.candacefleming.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/bk_header_blog.jpg?fit=902%2C165&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.candacefleming.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Romanov-Daughters-240px-236x300.jpg?resize=236%2C300",
"https://www.candacefleming.com/blog/wp-content/themes/dynamik-gen/images/content-filler.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Candace Fleming"
] |
2014-07-29T00:00:00
|
In the spring of 1914, court gossips began whispering about an engagement between eighteen-year old Olga and Prince Carol of Romania. Why else, they speculated, would the Imperial Couple plan to vi…
|
en
|
https://www.candacefleming.com/blog/wp-content/themes/genesis/images/favicon.ico
|
Candace Fleming Back Stories
|
https://www.candacefleming.com/blog/2014/07/29/a-suitor-for-olga/
|
In the spring of 1914, court gossips began whispering about an engagement between eighteen-year old Olga and Prince Carol of Romania. Why else, they speculated, would the Imperial Couple plan to visit there? Indeed, a union between Olga and the prince would be advantageous for Russia. Romania was too closely aligned with Germany. Marriage to a Romanov might break their alliance.
Aware of the talk, Olga turned to Pierre Gillard. Since learning the truth about Alexei’s illness, the French teacher had been taken into the Empress’ confidence. Now, Olga hoped to wheedle the truth out of him.
“Tell me… monsieur,” she asked. “Do you know why we are going to Romania?”
Flustered, Gillard replied, “I believe it is a courtesy visit.”
Olga brushed his answer aside. “Oh, that’s the official reason… but what’s the real reason? I know… that you know it.”
Gillard nodded.
“All right!” she exclaimed without him saying another word. “But if I don’t wish it, it won’t happen. Papa has promised not to make me… and I don’t want to leave Russia.”
“But you could come back as often as you like,” Gillard pointed out.
“I’m a Russian,” she replied resolutely, “and I mean to remain a Russian.”
Weeks later, the family sailed for Romania. En route, Olga sat on the upper deck, her face tilted toward the sun, hoping for a burn. She wanted to look as unattractive as possible to the young prince. She obviously succeeded. By the time she arrived at the Romanian port of Constanza, she was “very flushed,” noted one observer.
Although it was brief visit – less than twenty-four hours – the day was packed with activities. There was a morning cathedral service, a state luncheon, a military review, and a formal tea – all given with pomp and fanfare. Flags flew. Cannon boomed. And crowds of Romanians gathered to stare at Olga. Could this Russian girl be their future queen?
That evening, the King and Queen of Romania held a banquet in the Romanovs’ honor. Despite its opulence, it was an awkward and uncomfortable meal. Ill at ease, Alexandra made “brave efforts to be as gracious as possible,” recalled one guest. Nicholas chain-smoked nervously between courses. And Olga and Prince Carol, seated next to each other, had little to say. She replied to his bored questions with “cold reserve,” while he fidgeted with his silverware.
Her sisters were no help. Giggling and elbowing each other, they kept winking slyly at the couple.
Only Alexei and Prince Carol’s little brother, Nicholas, enjoyed the evening. As high-spirited as the tsarevich, Nicholas taught Alexei how to spit grape seeds into the punch bowl when everyone’s back was turned.
Hours later, the relieved Romanovs sailed away, their plans for a royal wedding abandoned. “Olga Nicholaievna,” wrote Pierre Gillard, “had won.”
Material not included in The Family Romanov: Murder, rebellion and The Fall of Imperial Russia , by Candace Fleming, copyright © 2014. All rights reserved.
Photo Credit: Romanov Collection, General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.
|
||||
29369
|
yago
|
3
| 25
|
https://www.geni.com/people/Elisabeth-Regin%25C4%2583-consort-a-Rom%25C3%25A2niei/6000000003219742743
|
en
|
Elisabeth, Regină consort a României
|
[
"https://www.geni.com/images/rotating_world.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/external/x_com_black.svg?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/icn_help.gif?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/myheritage/share_family_tree.png?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/transparent.gif",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/35/53/ad/f1/5344483a00e722aa/cec87vav_medium.jpg?hash=94eb94c4b30edd8cf235831edfe2ded8f377111c00adb1d301f0cb266f36e37e.1724309999&height=150&width=150",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://cf.myheritageimages.com/collections/assets/AA/supersearchassets/0/898/d63/898d63f0a47a84339b691fe4647afa3f.png",
"https://media.geni.com/p2/4273/8120/534448366b553fc0/Carol_I_t2.jpg?hash=7f3a07068f3aed9500f4fd1cf57b3198a98725e8473a57f5073955b572ffa0bc.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p2/5283/5758/48326a0ad4e03b5c/hec78cah_t2.jpg?hash=c5823124b23143fe68baf6b45f8d9fbce0cbc1a9bddf223fcfb5dc9a66a31851.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p9/6540/1345/534448378edbe294/Marie_nassau_t2.jpg?hash=1e19f3aba4fb3fb36c6b7e78228162203d8935180defb2ba7dd7cfd9f0c4555a.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p9/6540/1345/534448378ec325c4/Hermann_weid_t2.jpg?hash=9809e1f84c7eb5ba0f7d55f3813d392f13530df8ef9093c7ed07f0dd3f67b8fd.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p9/6540/1345/534448378ed92331/Wilhelm_wied_t2.jpg?hash=dbbf0085912786b5ba6e43d7ca97af7f0ad57e9677dae2598ff899367e463797.1724309999",
"https://media.geni.com/p13/14/b1/92/be/5344485e5fc70a6f/otto_von_wied_t2.jpg?hash=f38162c0cd34a9233aa1bedb06ca75608e43869e10e2916667818fff17b0a91e.1724309999",
"https://www.geni.com/images/external/x_com_black_16.png?1723492262",
"https://www.geni.com/images/facebook_white_small_short.gif?1723492262"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"family tree",
"genealogy",
"trace your ancestry",
"family tree maker",
"family tree search",
"family tree charts",
"family statistics",
"ancestors",
"research"
] | null |
[] |
2022-04-26T17:09:45-07:00
|
Genealogy for Elisabeth Pauline Ottilie Luise von Wied (Wied), Queen Consort of Romania (1843 - 1916) family tree on Geni, with over 260 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives.
|
en
|
/touch-icon-iphone.png
|
geni_family_tree
|
https://www.geni.com/people/Elisabeth-Regin%C4%83-consort-a-Rom%C3%A2niei/6000000003219742743
|
The Peerage
Geneall
Johann The Younger # 1824
Wikipedia
Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise zu Wied was the Queen consort of Romania as the wife of King Carol I of Romania, widely known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva. Her brother William, 5th Prince of Wied married on 18 July 1871 in Wassenaar, Princess Marie of the Netherlands (1841–1910), younger daughter of Prince Frederick of the Netherlands (1792–1839), second son of William I of the Netherlands and his wife, Princess Louise of Prussia (1808–1870), daughter of Frederick William III of Prussia. Elisabeth was therefore the aunt of William of Albania.
Born at "Schloss Monrepos" in Neuwied, she was the daughter of Hermann, Prince of Wied, and his wife Princess Marie of Nassau, daughter of William, Duke of Nassau a grandson of Princess Carolina of Orange-Nassau, (and sister of Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. Her niece Princess Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont (2 August 1858 – 20 March 1934) was the fourth daughter of Georg Viktor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont, and Princess Helena of Nassau. She became Queen of the Netherlands and Grand Duchess of Luxembourg as the wife of King-Grand Duke William III. Queen Emma also served as regent for her daughter, Queen Wilhelmina, during the latter's minority.
Elisabeth had artistic leanings; her childhood featured seances and visits to the local lunatic asylum.[
As a young girl, sixteen-year-old Elisabeth was considered as a possible bride for Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (the future Edward VII of the United Kingdom, known as Bertie). His mother, Queen Victoria, strongly favored her as a prospective daughter-in-law, and urged her daughter Princess Vicky to look further into her. Elisabeth was spending the social season at the Berlin court, where her family hoped she would be tamed into a docile, marriageable princess. Vicky responded, "I do not think her at all distinguée looking—certainly the opposite to Bertie's usual taste", whereas the tall and slender Alexandra of Denmark was "just the style Bertie admires". Bertie was also shown photographs of Elisabeth, but professed himself unmoved and declined to give them a second glance. In the end, Alexandra was selected for Bertie.
Elisabeth first met Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in Berlin in 1861. In 1869, Karl, who was now Prince Carol of Romania, traveled to Germany in search of a suitable consort. He was reunited with Elisabeth, and the two were married on 15 November 1869 in Neuwied. Their only child, a daughter, Maria, died in 1874 at age three — an event from which Elisabeth never recovered. She was crowned Queen of Romania in 1881 after Romania was proclaimed a kingdom.
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 she devoted herself to the care of the wounded, and founded the Decoration of the Cross of Queen Elisabeth to reward distinguished service in such work. She fostered the higher education of women in Romania, and established societies for various charitable objects. She was the 835th Dame of the Royal Order of Queen Maria Luisa. She died at Curtea de Argeş or Bucharest.
As "Carmen Sylva", she wrote with facility in German, Romanian, French and English. A few of her voluminous writings, which include poems, plays, novels, short stories, essays, collections of aphorisms, etc., may be singled out for special mention: Her earliest publications were "Sappho" and "Hammerstein", two poems which appeared at Leipzig in 1880. In 1888 she received the Prix Botta, a prize awarded triennially by the Académie française, for her volume of prose aphorisms Les Pensees d'une reine (Paris, 1882), a German version of which is entitled Vom Amboss (Bonn, 1890). Cuvinte Sufletesci, religious meditations in Romanian (Bucharest, 1888), was also translated into German (Bonn, 1890), under the name of Seelen-Gespräche. Several of the works of "Carmen Sylva" were written in collaboration with Mite Kremnitz, one of her maids of honor; these were published between 1881 and 1888, in some cases under the pseudonyms Dito et Idem. These include:
Aus zwei Welten (Leipzig, 1884), a novel Anna Boleyn (Bonn, 1886), a tragedy In der Irre (Bonn, 1888), a collection of short stories Edleen Vaughan, or Paths of Peril (London, 1894), a novel Sweet Hours (London, 1904), poems, written in English. Among the translations made by "Carmen Sylva" include:
German versions of Pierre Loti's romance Pecheur d'Islande German versions of Paul de St Victor's dramatic criticisms Les Deux Masques (Paris, 1881–1884) and especially The Bard of the Dimbovitza, an English translation of Elena Văcărescu's collection of Romanian folk-songs, etc., entitled Lieder aus dem Dimbovitzathal (Bonn, 1889), translated by "Carmen Sylva" and Alma Strettell. The Bard of the Dimbovitza was first published in 1891, and was soon reissued and expanded. Translations from the original works of "Carmen Sylva" have appeared in all the principal languages of Europe and in Armenian.
In 1881, due to the lack of heirs to the Romanian throne, King Carol I adopted his nephew, Ferdinand. Ferdinand, a complete stranger in his new home, started to get close to one of Elisabeth's ladies in waiting Elena Văcărescu. Elisabeth, very close to Elena herself, encouraged the romance, although she was perfectly aware of the fact that a marriage between the two was forbidden by the Romanian constitution.
The result of this was the exile of both Elisabeth (in Neuwied) and Elena (in Paris), as well as a trip by Ferdinand through Europe in search of a suitable bride, whom he eventually found in Queen Victoria's granddaughter, Princess Marie of Edinburgh. The affair helped reinforce Elisabeth's image as a dreamer and eccentric.
Quite unusually for a queen, Elisabeth of Wied was personally of the opinion that a Republican form of government was preferable to Monarchy—an opinion which she expressed forthrightly in her diary, though she did not make it public at the time:
I must sympathize with the Social Democrats, especially in view of the inaction and corruption of the nobles. These "little people", after all, want only what nature confers: equality. The Republican form of government is the only rational one. I can never understand the foolish people, the fact that they continue to tolerate us.
|
||||
29369
|
yago
|
0
| 27
|
https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/fine-art-prints/French-School/939758/Portrait-of-the-Princess-of-Romania-Elisabeth-Pauline-Ottilie-Louise-de-Wied,-wife-of-the-future-King-Carol-I-of-Romania.-Engraving-in-Le-Monde-Illustr%25C3%25A9-n%25C2%25B01054-of-23-June-1877..html
|
en
|
Portrait of the Princess of Romania Elisabeth Pauline Ottilie Louise de Wied, wife of the future King Carol I of Romania. Engraving in Le Monde Illustré n°1054 of 23 June 1877.
|
[
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/logo_white.min.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/kunstwerke/headerscarousel/374782.jpg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#de",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#gb",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#it",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#es",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#fr",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#nl",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#pt",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#se",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#pl",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/flags/flags.svg#dk",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/logo_small.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/kunstwerke/1260px/French_School_-_Portrait_of_the_Princess_of_Romania_Elisabeth_Pauline_Ottilie_Louise_de_Wied_%2818_-_%28MeisterDrucke-939758%29.jpg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/icon-heart.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/icon-heart.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/icon-palette.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/icon-room.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/armode.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/borders/none.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/preview_icons/thumb/0.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/transparent_spacer.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/customerservice2.jpg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/phone.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/envelope.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/clock.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/venusonly.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/customerservice2.jpg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/phone.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/envelope.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/icons/clock.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/logo_small.svg",
"https://images.provenexpert.com/d0/6a/05811ddf346f1cbbc67ec54ece67/widget_landscape_195_de_1.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/footer_logos_2k20.jpg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/franz_joseph.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/logo_small.svg",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/franz_joseph.png",
"https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/images/footer_logos_2k20.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Portrait of the Princess of Romania Elisabeth Pauline Ottilie Louise de Wied, wife of the future King Carol I of Romania. Engraving in Le Monde Illustré n°1054 of 23 June 1877.
|
en
|
/favicon.svg
|
MeisterDrucke
|
https://www.meisterdrucke.ie/fine-art-prints/French-School/939758/Portrait-of-the-Princess-of-Romania-Elisabeth-Pauline-Ottilie-Louise-de-Wied,-wife-of-the-future-King-Carol-I-of-Romania.-Engraving-in-Le-Monde-Illustré-n°1054-of-23-June-1877..html
|
(Portrait of the Princess of Romania Elisabeth Pauline Ottilie Louise de Wied (1839-1914), wife of the future King Charls 1st (Carol 1st) of Romania. Engraving in “” Le Monde Illustré”” n°1054 of 23 June 1877.)
French School
Undated · Engraving · Picture ID: 939758 Cultural Circles
Portrait of the Princess of Romania Elisabeth Pauline Ottilie Louise de Wied, wife of the future King Carol I of Romania. Engraving in Le Monde Illustré n°1054 of 23 June 1877. by French School. Available as an art print on canvas, photo paper, watercolor board, uncoated paper or Japanese paper.
engraving · black and white · woman · bianchetticor · romanian · portrait · romania · engraving · queen · 19
|