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29369
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yago
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1
| 84
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https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/elisabeth-of-wied-the-queen-of-romania-gm1254656336-366795133
|
en
|
iStock
|
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iStock. Die offizielle iStock-Website bietet Millionen exklusive, lizenzfreie Dateien. Um die perfekte Foto, Video oder Vektor finden, nach unserer Sammlung jetzt.
|
de
| null | |||||||
29369
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yago
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3
| 7
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https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/elisabeth-of-wied/elisabeth-of-wied-the-princess-of-the-wild-rose-part-two/
|
en
|
The Princess of the Wild Rose (Part two)
|
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2020-12-12T23:00:00+00:00
|
Read part one here. Elisabeth’s father remained dangerously ill, and the family spent the winter of 1862-1863 in Baden-Baden for his health. To introduce Elisabeth into society during this sad time, the family opened their house to a larger circle of people. Elisabeth had been looking forward to it, but the death of good friend [read more]
|
en
|
History of Royal Women
|
https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/elisabeth-of-wied/elisabeth-of-wied-the-princess-of-the-wild-rose-part-two/
|
Read part one here.
Elisabeth’s father remained dangerously ill, and the family spent the winter of 1862-1863 in Baden-Baden for his health. To introduce Elisabeth into society during this sad time, the family opened their house to a larger circle of people. Elisabeth had been looking forward to it, but the death of good friend Marie von Bibra on 20 February 1863 caused her much grief. She wrote to her brother William, “I, for my part, expect much sorrow and many tears; they came to me early, and it probably will continue to be so. One loved one after the other is taken away. Each year demands its sacrifice. At how many graves shall I have to stand till I am old?”
At the end of 1863, Elisabeth visited Russia, but she would end her visit with an illness; she was diagnosed with a nervous gastric fever. She was well taken care of by members of the Imperial Family and was able to write home in January. Her mother was sick with worry and wrote, “My child is ill at a great distance from me, and, for the first time, I am not there to nurse her. I know she is in God’s care and nursed by loving and faithful people. But that does not take the load of anxiety off my heart.” Elisabeth was at last able to go outside again on 1 March. Tragically, Elisabeth was not with her father when he died on 5 March 1864. She wrote home to her mother, “As a tree that has been felled leaves a light space in the forest, so a light remains after the death of a great man!” She was finally able to return home in June where she helped to decorate her father’s grave after the stone was put up.
As Elisabeth’s brother William was still a minor, their mother took care of the regency. He left the college in Basel in 1865 to begin a journey to the east from Italy to Egypt. However, he was soon recalled to Germany for a war with Austria, which luckily did not last long. Elisabeth too was travelling during this time, and in September 1866 she travelled to Italy and France with her aunt Princess Therese, who had just lost her daughter Catherine. She and her aunt had met in Russia and had become close. Elisabeth also visited Sweden with her mother to visit relatives (her aunt Sofia had married the future King Oscar II of Sweden) and even learned some Swedish.
In 1869, her brother William came of age, and in August he was betrothed to Princess Marie of the Netherlands. Elisabeth had no plans to wed and instead studied to become a teacher. However, her mother had no plans to actually see Elisabeth become a teacher. Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen came back into Elisabeth’s life after being elected Ruling Prince (Domnitor) of the Romanian United Principalities. Elisabeth and her mother were spending a few weeks in Bonn when Karl came calling. Elisabeth was quite oblivious as she prepared for a musical night out, but Karl was already asking her mother for her hand in marriage. After overcoming the initial shock, Elisabeth was pleased and declared, “I am betrothed and a blissfully happy bride.”
Four days later, 16 October 1869, Karl travelled to Neuwied to publically announce the betrothal. Elisabeth’s mother toasted the couple with the words, “Let us drink to the health of the future pair, who are today the object of our united best wishes! Every betrothal is certainly a day of rejoicing. But the betrothal of today is more. A Prince, called to the accomplishment of a high and arduous mission, has chosen a bride who, whilst remaining faithfully at his side, will take part in the fulfilment of this great duty. They have made a holy covenant between themselves, in which they have promised to devote their strength and love to the happiness of a people which, if rightly and wisely led, is called to a great and happy future. And we will herewith also express our warmest and most sincere good wishes for the fulfilment of this our hope.” To his soon-to-be wife, Karl gifted an album for her journal of poems, and he wrote on the first page: “Love is returned by love. Meet your people with the same love and confidence that you have shown to me, and then it will not be one heart alone which beats for you, but millions of hearts will unite with that one, and I shall deem myself happy, for you will not belong to me alone. A whole nation has a right to you. An entire people looks up to you with confidence, and will return your love by its devotion.”
On 15 November 1869, Elisabeth and Karl were married at Neuwied in a Catholic and Protestant ceremony. Just three days later, Elisabeth and Karl left for Romania. On 22 November – which also happened to be the birthday of her late brother Otto – Elisabeth first set foot on Romanian soil. She was offered the national offering of bread and salt, along with the keys of the town of Turnu Severin. Three days later, the couple arrived in Bucharest and Elisabeth was presented with a tiara of pearls and diamonds, along with an embroidered national costume, by the ladies of Bucharest. The people loved her already.
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29369
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yago
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0
| 31
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https://www.amazon.com/Elizabeth-1843-1916-1881-1914-Pseudonym-Photograph/dp/B07CG8C9FZ
|
en
|
Amazon.com
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[
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en
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Enter the characters you see below
Sorry, we just need to make sure you're not a robot. For best results, please make sure your browser is accepting cookies.
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29369
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yago
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1
| 92
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https://www.twosmallpotatoes.com/destinations/romania/page/2/
|
en
|
Two Small Potatoes, One Big Adventure
|
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2015-08-19T08:00:08+02:00
|
Explore Romania, from the depths of Turda Salida salt mine to the birthplace of Vlad Dracula. Use our Romania travel articles to plan your next trip!
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en
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Two Small Potatoes
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https://www.twosmallpotatoes.com/destinations/romania/page/2/
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29369
|
yago
|
2
| 90
|
https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/threads/carol-i-of-romania-has-a-son.413942/
|
en
|
Carol I of Romania has a son
|
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[
"VVD0D95"
] |
2017-04-05T14:59:59+00:00
|
So, here's something I'm wondering, otl King Carlo and his wife Elizabeth only had one kid, a daughter Maria who died in 1874, this worsened their...
|
en
|
alternatehistory.com
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https://www.alternatehistory.com/forum/threads/carol-i-of-romania-has-a-son.413942/
|
Hmm... let's make an exercise of imagination...
In 8 September 1870, an healthy baby boy was born to the (still) Princiar couple, Carol von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen of Romania and Elisabeth of Wied. Let's say that he will be called Carol... Carol II of Romania. He will be a bright man, inheriting from his father (and mother) the intellect and the strength of character.
I've started a while back a TL focused on the formation of Romanian modern state in which King Carol had have a son. I never finish it but I plan to re-start it sometime in the future. The following were my rough ideas:
- Religion: young Carol will be baptized in Orthodox religion (a requirement accepted by Carol).
- Education: old Carol will want to have his son being educated in Germany, while the Romanian elites will prefer France. The chances are great that the young boy will be educated in Germany (for the first part of the education) and then study some military schools in Paris and, most probably, in London.
- Between 1890-1895, the 20 years and so Prince Carol (now Royal Crown Prince) will be pressured to marry. For strategic considerations, I believe that a British marriage will remain in cards, but who? He might be even married to the OTL wife of Ferdinand, Princess Marie of Edinburgh, the granddaughter of Queen Victoria as well as of the Tsar Alexandre III. That will be funny! She was born on 29 October 1875, so she is 5 years younger than her TTL husband. Both are very strong characters which might go well or not...
- Prince Carol will start to be involved in Romanian politics and internal affairs. However, Carol heavy hand on Romanian politics will not give him too much room of maneuver. Let's say that he will inherit his father passion for the army (Carol was reported to be an excellent officer... Prussian officer), so his father will allow him to take care of the army so he will not be "corrupted" by the politics. Doing this, will tremendously affect the fate of the Romanian army. If by 1877 (the Ruso-Ottoman war and the Romanian Independence war) the Romanian army was small but very well maned and quite modern, after the signing the secret adherence to the Central Powers in 1883, King Carol lost his interest on keeping Romanian army modern and well financed. He simply view it as an auxiliary force of the German army. With his son interested in the army, the Romanian army will continue to receive founding, maybe cut some better deals which will reduce its dependence of Austria-Hungary in terms of weapons and munitions. Maybe a certain level of weapon production will take form.
- As per OTL, in 1907 a great peasant revolt started in Romania and the army was sent to quell it. Prince Carol is directly implicated and he directly face the desperate situation in which the Romanian peasants lived. The experience mark him and push him to take side of the liberal movement. However, his involvement in the repression is a stain on his image. He will struggle for many years to remove it, or at least to make it forget.
- The Balkan wars happens as per OTL... In the second war, Romania attack Bulgaria and occupy Silistra. Maybe it is not so stupid as per OTL to take the entire of Southern Dobruja which was in majority Bulgarian... or maybe not... However, the Romanian army is in far better shape. The shortcomings are fewer and easier to address.
- In 1914, the WWI start (however, the starting reason could be easier butterflied, but let say that the Great Powers go to war). King Carol demand Romania to join the CP but the Govern and the Cabinet refuse. A-H is the aggressor, Romania was only bound in a defensive war against Russia. While not being a Francophile, Prince Carol refuse to support his father and vote for neutrality. Doing so, all his previous faults will be pardoned. He become tremendously popular. Carol is devastated by this "treason" and by the lack of power to support his natal country in war. He dies soon after and his son is crowned.
- King Carol II start to implement reforms to ameliorate the condition of the peasants but he is strongly opposed by the great landowners.
Sooner or later... the Prime minister Bratianu negotiate the entrance of Romania in the war. After long debates, he received from Antante the requested guarantees and promises, which as per OTL are not meant to be kept. France and Russia see Romania as cannon fodder. The Romanian army is far better prepared than OTL and maybe better led.
In a morning of 1915 or 1916, King Carol II order his battalions to cross the Carpathians. As per OTL, Kaiser Wilhelm think that the war was lost as Budapest will soon fall... Different than OTL, the Romanian army perform better and manage to push the A-H out of Transylvania before the Germans sent reinforcements to crush the Romanians.
From now, it's up to you!...
Alright looks good, I think a strong showing in World War One, could well increase Romanian prestige within Europe, and perhaps enable to gain some major concessions from the allies, perhaps even Transylvannia?
In OTL, Romania make a good show in the war, but only on the second part of it, after the French mission re-organised the army. in 1916, they went to war with the 1913 doctrine and they were slaughtered by the battle-hardened Germans and Austrians, far better armed and with a far better doctrine and commandment. Moreover, the Romanian army suffered from lack of weapons and munitions, had very few machine-guns, heavy guns, planes, etc. and her weapon and munition supplier was... well, Steyr Mannlicher (which starting with 1914 stopped all the commands deliveries).
Thinks that Romanian entrance coincide with a lull on the western front and with Borusilov offensive loosing steam. Germany throw against Romanian two of her best generals (Mackenzen and Ludendorf) and several very experienced divisions (including the Bavarian alpine corps were a certain captain named Rommel performed admirably storming the Carpathian paths). Romania numbered her strength in how many bayonets could put on the front (a veeeeery long one), while Germany... well, they were adopting the Stormtroopers, creeping artillery barrage, etc.
Romania was forced out of war and signed separate peace because Bolshevik Revolution pull Russia out of war, giving huge lands to Germany and making the Romanian front untenable anymore. Moreover, there were many Russian soldiers which fought alongside Romanians in Moldavia and which now turned red and go home pillaging their way trough. The Romanians were forced to fight off their former allies. There were many clashes between the two armies, which entire Russian divisions disarmed and escorted out of the frontier... all this having Germans occupying half of the country and ready for a third match...
Now, concerning the territorial gains.
In OTL, Romania received Transylvania (with Crisana and Maramures), N Bucovina and 1/2 of Banat at Trianon... however on the ground, the situation was already cutted and roughfuly decided as the Romanian army already controlled the territory (Romania was even forced to step back from the Tissa River to the now existing frontier). The lands inhabited by the Romanians were not conquered by Romanian army but voted to secede from Hungary and to join Romania. Firstly Bucovina, then Transylvania in 1 dec 1918...
Romanian army crossed the Carpathians again, but this time to push the Hungarian army which tried to repress the secession.
Also, the unification with Bassarabia was... well as the entire unification, a miracle.
In 1919, 1920, the Romanian army was another beast than in 1916. It was well armed and battle-hardened. It learned the lessons of the modern war on the hard way.... only to loose them several years later...
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yago
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https://www.pinterest.com/pin/4574037107592806
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2018-09-22T04:56:57+00:00
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Discover (and save!) your own Pins on Pinterest.
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en
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Pinterest
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https://www.pinterest.com/pin/knig-carol-i-und-knigin-elisabeth-von-rumnien-queen-elisabeth-of-romania-carmen-sylva--51087777014070164/
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29369
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yago
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3
| 33
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https://trashyroyals.com/tag/elisabeth-of-wied/
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en
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Elisabeth of Wied – Trashy Royals
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2024-04-11T00:01:00+00:00
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| null |
However much ‘protocol’ may attempt to intervene, the truth is that eccentricity is a trait that even royals have. This is certainly the case for Elisabeth of Wied, a German princess who became Romania’s first queen, wife of Romania’s King Carol I. Politics in Europe were extra complex in the latter half of the 19th…
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29369
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yago
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0
| 82
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https://www.werelate.org/wiki/Person:Carol_I_of_Romania_%25281%2529
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en
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Error
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en
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/favicon.ico
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The requested page title was invalid, empty, or an incorrectly linked inter-language or inter-wiki title. It may contain one more characters which cannot be used in titles.
Return to Main Page.
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29369
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yago
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2
| 74
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https://www.amazon.com/Carol-I-King-of-Romania/e/B001JOM8U6%253Fref%3Ddbs_a_mng_rwt_scns_share
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en
|
Amazon.com: Carol I, King of Romania: books, biography, latest update
|
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Follow Carol I, King of Romania and explore their bibliography from Amazon.com's Carol I, King of Romania Author Page.
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en
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Amazon.com
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https://www.amazon.com/stores/author/B001JOM8U6
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29369
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yago
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1
| 76
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https://www.mauritius-images.com/en/asset/ME-PI-2636070_mauritius_images_image_number_06555118_elisabeth-of-wied-1843-1916-queen-consort-of-romania-through-her-marriage-to-king-carol-i-portrait
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mauritius images
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/public/apple-icon-57x57.png
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29369
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yago
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2
| 35
|
https://kids.kiddle.co/Carol_II_of_Romania
|
en
|
Carol II of Romania facts for kids
|
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Learn Carol II of Romania facts for kids
|
en
|
/images/wk/favicon-16x16.png
|
https://kids.kiddle.co/Carol_II_of_Romania
|
Carol II (15 October 1893 [O.S. 3 October 1893] – 4 April 1953) was the King of Romania from 8 June 1930 until his forced abdication on 6 September 1940. He was the eldest son of Ferdinand I and became crown prince upon the death of his grand-uncle, King Carol I in 1914.
Early life
Carol was born in Peleș Castle, and grew up under the thumb of his dominating grand-uncle, King Carol I. King Carol I largely excluded Carol's parents, the German-born Prince Ferdinand and the British-born Crown Princess Marie, from any role in bringing him up.
The childless Carol I, who had always wanted a son, treated Prince Carol as his surrogate son and thoroughly spoiled him, indulging his every whim. His mother Marie had different views on his upbrining. Carol was caught up in an emotional tug-of-war between Carol I and Marie. Aspects of both Marie's and Carol I's personalities were present in Carol II. Largely because of the battle between the King and Marie, Carol ended being both spoiled and deprived of love.
Personal life
Carol's first marriage was to Zizi Lambrino, known as "Zizi", the daughter of a Romanian general, Constantin Lambrino. To marry her on 31 August 1918, he technically deserted his Army post during World War I. This caused a lot of controversy. The marriage was annulled on 29 March 1919 by the Ilfov County Court. Carol and Zizi continued to live together after the annulment. Their only child, Mircea Gregor Carol Lambrino, was born on 8 January 1920. Carol Lambrino was forbidden (since 1940) from entering Romanian territory, but a Romanian court declared him a legitimate son in 2003. He visited Bucharest in November 2005, shortly before his death.
After the dissolution of his marriage, Carol travelled the world. He met Princess Helen of Greece and Denmark, daughter of King Constantine I of Greece. They were second cousins, both of them great-grandchildren of Queen Victoria, as well as third cousins in descent from Nicholas I of Russia. They married on 10 March 1921 in Athens, having a child in the same year, Prince Michael.
Because of his affairs with Elena Lupescu (also known as Magda Lupescu), he was obliged to renounce his succession rights in 1925 and leave the country. His name was removed from the royal house of Romania by King Ferdinand. Carol moved to France with Lupescu, under the name Carol Caraiman. Michael, aged 5, inherited the throne on the death of King Ferdinand in 1927.
Princess Helen eventually divorced Carol in 1928.
Carol and Elena Lupescu were married in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on 3 June 1947, Elena calling herself Princess Elena von Hohenzollern.
As a king
Carol was allowed to return to Romania in 1930 due to the political crisis in the country. His name was restored by the royal house of Romania, so he dethroned his own son.
During his reign, Carol II weakened the party system. There was a lot of curruption around him.
When no party achieved an absolute majority in the December 1937 elections, he took advantage of the situation and established a royal dictatorship in 1938. Carol II removed the 1923 constitution and abolished the political parties, replacing them by a single party, the National Renaissance Front, which was patronized by the king.
When World War II started, Carol II reaffirmed the Polish–Romanian alliance. But when Poland fell, Carol II maintained a neutrality policy.
After the fall of France, Carol II tried to ally with Nazi Germany in hopes of gaining a German guarantee. Although a German guarantee was finally achieved, the situation had a disastrous effect on the reputation of Carol II.
Abdication
The reorientation of Romania's foreign policy towards Nazi Germany could not save his regime. He was forced to abdicate by General Ion Antonescu, newly appointed prime minister, and was succeeded by his son Michael in September 1940.
He was allowed to leave the country with a special train loaded with fortunes. An assassination attempt was made by the Iron Guard (a Romanian militant revolutionary fascist movement), who fired on the train. After World War II, Carol II wanted to return to the helm of the country and dethrone his son again but was stopped by the Western Allies. He eventually married Elena Lupescu and died in exile.
Exile
He went into exile, initially in Mexico, but ultimately settled in Portugal. While in Portugal, he stayed in Estoril, at Casa do Mar e Sol. Carol and Lupescu settled in Mexico City, where he purchased a house in one of Mexico City's most expensive districts.
During World War II, Carol tried to set up a Free Romania movement based in Mexico to overthrow General Antonescu. Carol had hopes that his Free Romania movement would be recognized as a government-in-exile, and would ultimately lead to him being restored.
Interesting facts about Carol II of Romania
He was the first of the Hohenzollern kings of Romania to be born in the country; both of his predecessors had been born in Germany and came to Romania only as adults.
He was the first member of the Romanian branch of the Hohenzollerns who spoke Romanian as his first language.
He was also the first member of the royal family to be raised in the Orthodox faith.
Carol was a fan of football, being the Romanian Football Federation's president for almost one year from 1924 until 1925.
Carol deserted from the army during World War I.
He twice tried to give up the rights of succession to the royal crown of Romania, refused by King Ferdinand.
Death
Carol died in Estoril, on the Portuguese Riviera in 1953. His coffin was placed inside the Pantheon of the House of Braganza in Lisbon. His remains were finally returned to the Curtea de Argeș monastery in Romania in 2003, the traditional burial ground of Romanian royalty, at the request and expense of the government of Romania (led by Adrian Năstase). They initially lay outside the cathedral, the burial place of Romanian kings and queens, as Elena was not of royal blood. Neither of his sons participated in either ceremony.
He was never to see his son, King Michael, after his 1940 departure from Romania. Michael could see no point in meeting his father who had humiliated his mother so many times via his open affairs and did not attend his funeral.
In January 2018, it was announced that the remains of King Carol II would be moved to the new Archdiocesan and Royal Cathedral, along with those of Princess Helen. In addition, the remains of Prince Mircea would also be moved to the new cathedral. His remains were at the time interred at the Bran Castle's Chapel. King Carol II of Romania was reburied at the New Episcopal and Royal Cathedral in Curtea de Argeș on 8 March 2019.
Archives
Young Prince Carol's letters to his grandfather, Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, are preserved in the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen family archive, which is in the State Archive of Sigmaringen (Staatsarchiv Sigmaringen) in the town of Sigmaringen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. There are also letters from young Carol (together with letters from his mother, Crown Princess Marie) to his great-grandmother, Josephine of Baden, preserved in the State Archive of Sigmaringen (Staatsarchiv Sigmaringen).
Carol II of Romania's letters to Zizi Lambrino as well as documents about their marriage are preserved in the "Jeanne Marie Valentine Lambrino Papers" collection in the Hoover Institution Archives (Stanford, California, USA).
Images for kids
King Carol I of Romania with his nephew the future King Ferdinand and grand-nephew Prince Carol.
Crown Prince Carol training during World War I with a Chauchat machine gun
Oath of Carol II in front of parliament, 8 June 1930
King Carol II and Crown Prince Michael at Astra Congress, 20 September 1936, Blaj, Romania
Crown Prince Carol, the future King Carol II of Romania, in 1927
King Carol II, Czechoslovak President Edvard Beneš, Yugoslav regent Prince Paul, Prince Nicholas of Romania and Prince Mihai in Bucharest, 1936
King Carol II and Polish soldiers, 1937
Carol signing the 1938 constitution
Rabbi Teitelbaum, head of the Satmar Hasidic dynasty greeting King Carol II of Romania, 1936
See also
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Elizabeth of Wied (1843–1916)
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"Elizabeth of Wied (1843–1916)Queen of Rumania",
"painter",
"musician",
"writer",
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"and translator. Name variations: Elisabeth of Rumania or Romania; Elizabeth",
"Queen of Rumania; Elisabeth zu Wied; (pseudonyms) Carmen Sylva and Dito Und Idem."
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Elizabeth of Wied (1843–1916)Queen of Rumania, painter, musician, writer, poet, and translator. Name variations: Elisabeth of Rumania or Romania; Elizabeth, Queen of Rumania; Elisabeth zu Wied; (pseudonyms) Carmen Sylva and Dito Und Idem. Source for information on Elizabeth of Wied (1843–1916): Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia dictionary.
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https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/elizabeth-wied-1843-1916
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Queen of Rumania, painter, musician, writer, poet, and translator. Name variations: Elisabeth of Rumania or Romania; Elizabeth, Queen of Rumania; Elisabeth zu Wied; (pseudonyms) Carmen Sylva and Dito Und Idem. Born Pauline Elizabeth Ottilie Louise (or Luise) in Neuwied, Prussia, on December 29, 1843; died on March 3, 1916, in Curtea de Arges, Rumania; daughter of Prince Hermann of Neuwied; married Prince Karl von Hohenzollern also known as Carol I (1839–1914), king of Rumania (r. 1881–1914), on November 15, 1869; children: Marie (1870–1874).
Elizabeth of Wied, widely known for her cultural interests and voluminous writings, was the daughter of Prince Hermann of Neuwied. She met Prince Karl von Hohenzollern in Berlin and married him in 1869; 12 years later, in 1881, she became queen of Rumania and he became king as Carol I. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, Elizabeth tended the wounded, establishing the Order of Elizabeth (a gold cross on a blue ribbon), to reward others for similar service. She founded other charitable societies as well and helped foster the higher education of women in Rumania.
A talented musician and painter, as well as a writer, Elizabeth produced poems, plays, novels, short stories, essays, collections of adages, and
translations. In addition to her original works, many of which were written under the pen name of "Carmen Sylva," she also put into literary form much of the folklore of the Rumanian peasantry. Two of her earliest poetry collections, Sappho (1880) and Stuerme (1882), are notable, and in 1888, she received the Prix Botta, a prize awarded triennially by the French Academy, for her volume of prose aphorisms, Les Pensées d'une reine (1882), a German version of which is entitled Vom Amboss (1890). A volume of religious meditations in Rumanian, Cuvinte Su-fletesci (1888), was also translated into German in 1890 under the title of Seelen-Gespracke. Elizabeth also used the pseudonym "Dito Und Idem" to indicate the joint authorship of several works on which she collaborated with her lady-in-waiting Marie Kremnitz . They include Aus zwei Welten (1884), a novel, Anna Boleyn (1886), a tragedy, Inderlrre (1888), a collection of short stories, Edleen Vaughan; or Paths of Peril (1894), another novel, and Sweet Hours (1904), a collection of poems written in English. Among her translations are German versions of Pierre Loti's romance Pêcheur d'Islande, and Paul de St. Victor's dramatic criticisms Les Deux Masques. Particularly notable is The Bard of the Dimbovitza, an English version of Helene Vacarescu 's collection of Rumanian folksongs entitled Lieder aus dem Dimbovitzathal (1889), done in collaboration with Alma Strettell.
Kremnitz, Marie (1852–1916)
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King Carol First of Romania
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After the recognition of Romania’s independence as a state, Carol received the title of Royal Highness on 21 September 1878. During King Carol I’s reign multiple institutions appeared among them the National Bank of Romania
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also known as Carol I of of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (b. 20 April 1839, Sigmaringen, d. 10 October 1914, Sinaia)
Image description
The bust image presents a man over 45 years old, with short hair, beard and a moustache, a long and straight nose, full lips, prominent eyebrows and ears and dressed in a military uniform.
The slightly curved texture represents the slicked back hair.
The short and stuffy beard is represented by the compact and dense texture, and for the elongated moustache curved parallel lines overlap each other.
The tunic is represented by a texture made out of a multitude of dots and it ends at the base of the neck with a collar that has a texture made up of small right triangles placed very close together.
On the shoulders, the epaulettes are made out of a curly texture.
On the chest, tied to the collar there is a medal in the form of a sharp cross and on the right side there are another two embossed military medals.
The mess dress uniform also contains the sash which starts from his right shoulder and goes all the way over his chest. It stands out because of its compact texture of short oblique lines intersecting one another.
In the image that shows him standing he is dressed in a military uniform and is holding a sword.
The tunic here is represented by the curly texture and the collar by dots.
On his shoulders he is wearing epaulettes made to stand out by the use of thickened lines which end in clubs towards the exterior.
On his chest his wearing two embossed medals, the cross with the sharp points pinned to the collar and a rectangular band represented by parallel lines which is meant to signify military distinctions.
The buttons are made to stand out by the use of thickened circles. The pants are represented by a a texture made out of dots and the shoes are highlighted by short oblique lines that intersect each other.
The sword’s hilt is represented by a texture made out of plus signs.
Historical information
Carol I of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was born on 20 April 1839 in Sigmaringen. After finishing his studies in Dresden in 1856 he enrolled in the Cadet School in Munster. He graduated with the mark “Bine” (B, Good) and became a second lieutenant dragoon. Afterwards, he attended the courses of the Artillery School in Berlin. [Bibliography 1]
After the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan Cuza by a coup d’état on the night of 11 February 1866, Romanian politicians wanted to bring to the Romanian throne a foreign ruler. The first choice was Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders the brother of Leopold II of Belgium, who refused being named the new Romanian sovereign. So, the Romanian politicians turned their eye to the Hohenzollern family. Ioan C. Bratianu the representative of the coalition holding the power obtained the consent of Carol, the second son of Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern. Soon afterwards on 20 april 1839 Carol was elected Domnitor (“Reigning Prince”). [Bibliography 2].
From that moment onward began the journey of the man who was to become the longest reigning monarch of the Romanian state. Due to political conflict between Prussia and the Austrian Empire, Karl travelled incognito by railroad, through Switzerland. Officially he was travelling to Odessa. [Bibliography 3]. He stopped in Baziaș for a couple of days where he stayed in a “dirty inn”. [Bibliography 4]. From there he travelled by boat to Turnu Severin. On May 10, 1866 he entered the capital Bucharest where he was welcomed by Dimitrie Brătianu, the mayor, who gave him the keys to the city. [Bibliography 5].
In the 1934 book The Three Kings by Cezar Petrescu we are shown Carol’s reaction upon seeing the royal palace:
“On a short building, with a single floor, a flag was flapping in the wind, a guard of honour was keeping watch. The prince asked his companion:
“What can be found in this house?
General Golescu responded
“The palace…”
“I don’t understand. What palace?
“The royal palace, your highness.”
Carol’s amazement, real or imagined by Petrescu represents a clue as to how the situation of the Romanian Principalities was when he took the throne. Politically speaking the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were still under Ottoman suzerainty so Carol went to Istanbul to get the sultan’s firman. He was officially recognized as hereditary prince on 20 October 1866. [Bibliography 6].
In 1866, as mentioned by Ioan Scurtu, Romania was only at the beginning of the modernization process. The image of the capital was sad, with small dilapidated buildings and constructions realized without a plan. There were no paved roads. [Bibliography 7]. Romania still had no railroad a problem which determined Carol to declare that “I will not leave the country unless it’s on a Romanian railroad.” His dream came to fruition in 1869 when the Bucharest-Giurgiu railroad was officially opened. [Bibliography 8]. However, the industry was almost non-existent. [Bibliography 9]. But, at the same time, another problem arose: Bucharest’s bridges were hotspot of infection. The sanitation of the city was provided by the river Dâmbovița who “touched by Bucharest’s filth, swung itself from its river bed and washed everything in its path.” [Bibliography 10].
Ever since the beginning of his reign we can observe some objectives that Carol took upon himself to resolve: organizing and instructing the army, the construction of a railway system and the development of Danubian ports. At the same time we could also see him move towards a legislative activity. The first constitution of the Romanian United Principalities was adopted 1 July 1866. Laws concerning the creation of a national currency and a coat of arms for the country are passed (1st of March 1867). This is all made to encourage the national industry, the modernization of the ports, the construction of railways, the organization of the army and of the military education system. Between these same years the first coins bearing Carol I’s likeness and the inscription Carol I Prince of Romanians (1868). In 1869 Carol marries Elisabeth of Wied. [Bibliography 11].
One of his main concerns was gaining independence from the Ottoman Empire. [Bibliography 12]. The occasion would arise during the Russo-turkish war from 1877. Its obtaining was preceded by a treaty with Russian signed either on 3 or 15 of April 1977 which stipulated that Romania would allow the Russian troops to pass through the country while Russia would swear to respect the political rights and the territorial integrity of Romania. [Bibliography 13]. On either 9 or 21 of May (sources vary) 1877 Kogălniceanu declared in Parliament:”We are independent, we are a stand-alone nation.’’ Although initially Russia denied the military help of Romania it soon found itself forced to accept due to the resistance of the Turkish people, and so it asked Carol to intervene.
And so with Carol leading the way the Romanian army crossed the Danube river through the village of Corabia on either 20 august or 1 of September 1877. [Bibliography 14]. Upon hearing the sound of the canons Carol declared:”This is the music that I like”, a statement that was to remain ingrained in people’s minds. [Bibliography 15]. Finally, Romania’s independence was recognized by the Berlin Treaty (13 July 1878). However, the recognition was dependant on several conditions that had to be met: Romania was to give southern Basarabia to Russia. In exchange Romania was given the Danube Delta, the Serpent Island and Dobrogea region. [Bibliography 16].
After the recognition of Romania’s independence as a state, Carol received the title of Royal Highness on 21 September 1878. Carol did not have any male heirs so to resolve the problem of who would come to the throne, he signed a ”family pact” on 17th of May 1881 by which he declared his nephew Ferdinand to be heir. Romania was proclaimed a kingdom and Carol was made king on 10th of May of 1881.
Major changes also took place in the 1866 Constitution and in the political life of the kingdom following the founding of the political parties: PNL in 1875 and the Conservative Party in 1880 which lead to King Carol I to adopt a system in which the two parties would take turns governing every four years. The constitution was also modified. Electoral colleges were also reduced from 4 to 3 and the right to vote was also given to more people.
During King Carol I’s reign multiple institutions appeared among them the National Bank of Romania (1880), ”Domeniile Coroanei” (1884) a group of proprieties owned by the state whose income is used to finance the activities of the Romanian Royal Familiy.
Multiple industrial undertakings are established now (Buhuși, Letea). Bucharest also suffered changes during that time. In 1888 the first sidewalks made out of artificial basalt appeared in Bucharest and in 1890 street lighting was introduced. [Bibliography 17].
However, Carol I’s reign was not without its delicate moments and problems. In 1870 the self proclaimed Republic of Ploiești asked for Carol’s abdication. To make matters worse the peasants also revolted several times because of the socio-economic situation in which they found themselves. By far one of the worse revolts, in his 48 year reign, was the one in 1907 when the liberal government lead by Dimitrie Sturdza, with Ion I.C. Brătianu serving as minister of internal affairs and Alexandru Averescu as ministry of war, crushed the revolt violently with the help of the Romanian Army. Following this, some 11.000 peasants were killed. [Bibliography 18]. The conflict was described afterwards as being one of useless aggression.
”The measures taken by Averescu crush the revolt in only a few days but the repression is becoming an act of useless aggression.” [Bibliography 19]
Politically speaking, Carol chose to ally himself with the Central Powers, a fact made official by the signing of treaties with Austria-Hungary and Germany in 1883, treaties which were kept secret at the time out of fear of a negative reaction from the general public. [Bibliography 20]. Towards the end of his life, Carol has one big disappointment: losing Basarabia following the treaties of San Stefano and Berlin. According to Ioan Scurtu, King Carol declared:”There’s only one thing I’d like before I die: to see the return of the three counties lost by the country during my reign” [Bibliography 21].
In the context of the First World War starting, Carol would have wanted to enter the war against Russia, taking the side of his original motherland Germany. ”The very possible perspective of gaining back Bessarabia”, ”the pan-Slavism threat, the faith in the invincibility of Germany and the treaty from 1883 were some of the arguments which Carol invoked for entering the war [Bibliography 22]. But at the Crown Council of Romania from 21 July 1914 the point of view of the government was accepted and neutrality was chosen with a huge majority [Bibliography 23].
King Carol I died on 10 October 1914 in Sinaia and was buried in Curtea de Argeș Cathedral [Bibliography 24].
Bibliography
Paul Lindenberg, Regele Carol I al României, București, Humanitas, 2016.
Nicolae Iorga, Regii României. Carol I, Ferdinand, Carol al II-lea, Mihai I. O istorie adevărată, București, Tex Express, 1998, p. 7, Keith Hitchins, România. 1866-1947, Ivth edition, București, Humanitas, 2013, p. 27.
Ioan Scurtu, Istoria Românilor în timpul celor patru regi. Regele Carol I, vol. I, București, Editura Enciclopedică, 2010, p. 42.
Cezar Petrescu, Cei trei regi, IIIrd edition, București, RAI, [1997], pp. 9-19.
Nicolae Iorga, op. cit., p. 10.
Keith Hitchins, op. cit., p. 29.
Ioan Scurtu, op. cit., pp. 54-55.
V. Vâlcovici, Inginerii noștri și opera lor, in Revista Fundațiilor Regale, an. I, nr. 1/ianuarie 1934, p. 111.
Scurtu, 55.
V. Vâlcovici, Inginerii noștri și opera lor, in Revista Fundațiilor Regale, an. I, nr. 1/ianuarie 1934, p. 105.
Ioan Scurtu, op. cit., pp. 55, 58, 63, 88.
Idem, Portrete Politice, Chișinău, Editura Prut Internațional, 2006, p. 12.
Dan Berindei, Secolul al XIX-lea, în Stephen Fischer-Galați, Dinu Giurescu, Ioan Aurel-Pop (coordonatori), O istorie a românilor studii critice, Cluj-Napoca, Fundația Culturală Română, 1998, p. 213, Ioan Scurtu, Carol, p. 103.
V. Vâlcovici, art. cit., pp. 105-106.
Ioan Scurtu, Portrete…, p. 14,
Keith Hitchins, op. cit. pp. 62-63.
Ioan Scurtu, Regele Carol I, pp. 90, 127-131, 133, 138, 139, 155.
Ibidem, p. 68-70, 199.
Nicolae Iorga, op. cit., p. 25.
Ioan Scurtu, op. cit., pp. 183,184
Ioan Scurtu, op. cit., p. 234.
Sterie Diamandi, Galeria oamenilor politici, București, Editura Gessa, [1991], 61.
Keith Hitchins, op. cit., p. 94.
Regele Carol, available online at http://www.familiaregala.ro/istorie/regele-carol-i[august 2018].
Download image
Carol I bust: http://imaginitactile.ro/index.php/Fi%C8%99ier:Carol_I_.jpg
King Carol I uniform: http://imaginitactile.ro/images/a/a3/Uniforma_Regelui_Carol_I_COST_1_003_TERMINAT.png
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Portrait of Elisabeth of Wied, Queen Consort of Carol I of Romania, widely known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva.
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King Carol I « UNREMEMBERED
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Posts about King Carol I written by Ken Zurski, author
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When The World Met Queen Marie of Romania
By Ken Zurski
In the summer of 1919, King Ferdinand of Romania sent his British born wife Queen Marie to Paris to attend the Treaty of Versailles, a historic meeting of allied leaders designed to form a peace treaty and draw a new map of Europe at the end of the First World War.
“My God, I simply went wherever they called me,” the Queen said, stating the obvious.
The glamorous Marie did more than just attend. She hobnobbed with the press, flirted with world leaders, including the Big Four (Italy, England, France and the U.S.), and although she had an important job to do for her country, found time to go on lavish shopping sprees too.
By the time the historic Treaty was over, everyone knew a little bit more about the outlandish Queen Marie. And thanks in part to her unorthodox efforts, Romania, at least on paper, had doubled in size.
Born into royalty as Princess Marie of Edinburgh in 1875 in Kent, England, Marie was the eldest daughter of her mother also named Marie, the only surviving child of Tsar Alexander II of Russia, and Alexander, the second son of Queen Victoria and a naval officer who moved the family extensively throughout her childhood. The Princess was a good catch, even as a youth, and gentleman came calling for her including a first cousin George (later George V of England) who professed his love for Marie, but was turned away.
In 1893, at the age of 18, Marie married Ferdinand, a third cousin, who by default, was the heir to the Romanian throne. King Carol I, Ferdinand’s uncle, and his wife had only one daughter so the succession fell to his brother Leopold, who renounced his rights in 1880. Leopold’s son did the same in 1886. So even before the turn of the 20th century, Ferdinand was the heir-presumptive. In 1916, when Carol died, Ferdinand became the King and Marie the Queen of Romania.
Marie was a different kind of Queen, less submissive and daringly independent. During the start of World War I, Marie spent time with the Red Cross in hospitals risking her own life in the disease filled tents. Although she was British born, she had great respect for the Romanian people and would venture into the countryside unaccompanied by guards. Many villagers crowded her in adulation; kissing her hands and falling down at her feet. “At first it was difficult unblushingly to accept such homage,” she wrote, “but little by little I got accustomed to these loyal manifestations; half humbled, half proud, I would advance amongst them, happy to be in their midst.”
In contrast to Marie’s adventurist spirit her husband, the King, was far less dynamic. Quiet and shy and as one writer described “stupid” too, Ferdinand’s most enduring feature was his ears which stuck out the sides of his head like a teddy bear. He said little and mattered even less.
Marie, however, was the complete opposite. Pretty and intelligent she spoke out when asked and seemed to have a good knowledge of foreign affairs. She also had little interest in being a committed wife. Blaming a loveless marriage, she was boldly unfaithful and found multiple lover’s in dashing figures like a Canadian millionaire miner from the Klondike. (In her later years, rumors abounded that one of her longstanding paramours, the nephew of Romania’a Foreign Minister Ion I. C. Brătianu, was the father of her children (six in all, three girls) except for the one that eventually became a bad King. That one was Ferdinand’s, went the biting accusation.)
In November of 1918, when war activities ended, Marie was the outspoken one not her husband. Sending her to the Treaty in Paris instead was an obvious choice for the King, if unprecedented.
So Marie went and brought her three daughters along with her. Together they shopped, dined and were generally the life of any party they attended. The Queen wore out those who tried to follow her. She charmed her way to negotiations and gained admirers along the way. “She really is an unusual woman and if she was not so simple you would think she was conceited,” chimed the British Ambassador to France. David Lloyd George, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, was just as forthright: “{Marie] is a very naughty, but a very clever woman.” he professed. Edward House, an American diplomat and U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s chief adviser on European diplomacy and politics, was even more complimentary, calling her, “one of the most delightful personalities of all the royal women I have met in the West.”
Instead of being intimidated, which many had predicted, Marie intimidated others with her saucy manners and speech. In one instance, she invited herself to lunch with President Wilson, then showed up fashionably late with an entourage of ten in tow. “I could see from the cut of the President’s jaw,” one guest noted, “that a slice of Romania was being looped off.”
According to reports, Marie dominated the conversation. “I have never heard a lady talk about such things.” remarked Wilson’s traveling doctor. ” I honestly do not know where to look I was so embarrassed.”
In the end, Romania grew in size and population. In fact, of all the contributors at the conference, Romania is widely considered to have picked up the greatest gains, including Transylvania which became – and still is – a part of “Greater Romania.” King Ferdinand could only wait for word back home. He sent letters of encouragement and advice to his wife, which she mostly ignored.
“I had given my country a living face,” she said about her visit.
(Sources: Paris 1919 by Margret MacMillian; My Country by Queen Marie; various internet articles)
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Elizabeth of Luxemburg (1409–1442)
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Elizabeth of Luxemburg (1409–1442)Queen of Hungary and duchess of Austria. Name variations: Elizabeth of Bohemia; Elizabeth of Luxembourg. Born on November 27, 1409, in Luxemburg; died on December 19 or 25, 1442, in Ofen (Buda), Hungary; daughter of Sigismund I of Luxemburg (d. 1368), king of Hungary and Poland, also Holy Roman emperor, and Barbara of Cilli; married Albert V (1404–1439), duke of Austria (r. 1404–1439), king of Germany (r. 1404–1439), Hungary (r. 1437), and Bohemia (r. Source for information on Elizabeth of Luxemburg (1409–1442): Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia dictionary.
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https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/elizabeth-luxemburg-1409-1442
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Queen of Hungary and duchess of Austria. Name variations: Elizabeth of Bohemia; Elizabeth of Luxembourg. Born on November 27, 1409, in Luxemburg; died on December 19 or 25, 1442, in Ofen (Buda), Hungary; daughter of Sigismund I of Luxemburg (d. 1368), king of Hungary and Poland, also Holy Roman emperor, and Barbara of Cilli; married Albert V (1404–1439), duke of Austria (r. 1404–1439), king of Germany (r. 1404–1439), Hungary (r. 1437), and Bohemia (r. 1438), also Holy Roman emperor as Albert II (r. 1438–1439), on November 28, 1421; children: Anne of Austria (1432–1462, who married William III of Saxony); Elizabeth of Hungary (c. 1430–1505, who married Casimir IV, king of Poland); Ladislas, later Ladislas V Posthumus, king of Hungary (r. 1444–1457), king of Bohemia (r. 1452).
Elizabeth of Luxemburg was the daughter and heiress of Barbara of Cilli and Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund I, who was also king of Hungary, Germany, and Bohemia. She married Duke Albert V Habsburg of Austria in 1421. Through her, Albert was elected Holy Roman emperor (as Albert II) and king of Hungary upon Sigismund's death in 1437. Although the couple claimed many titles and regions as their own, Elizabeth is most remembered for her career as queen of Hungary. Albert, who showed remarkable leadership ability and promised to be an able ruler, died in battle only two years after becoming emperor. Soon after, Elizabeth gave birth to a son, but not until King Ladislas III of Poland was chosen as Albert's successor. The birth of Albert's son, also called Ladislas, jeopardized the Polish king's claim, and many Hungarians switched their allegiance from the Polish foreigner to the infant boy.
With the help of her lady-in-waiting Helene Kottanner , Elizabeth managed to have her son crowned king in an effort to secure the throne. She also had several powerful foreign allies in her quest as well as the support of the Hungarian people. However, Ladislas III commanded a large armed force, and he was as determined to remain king of Hungary as Elizabeth was to depose him. Elizabeth died in 1442 with the outcome of the war very much undecided and left her son in the care of her cousin Frederick V of Styria, later Emperor Frederick II. The two forces continued to fight in a stalemate for some years, until Ladislas III of Poland's death in 1452 allowed Elizabeth's son, now 12 years old, to succeed to the Hungarian throne as Ladislas V.
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Elisabeth of Wied, Queen consort of Romania
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Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise zu Wied (29 December 1843 – 2 March 1916) was the Queen consort of Romania as the wife of King Carol I of Romania, widely known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva. --
She was crowned Queen of Romania in 1881 after Romania was proclaimed a kingdom. In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 she devoted herself to the care of the wounded, and founded the Order of Elizabeth (a gold cross on a blue ribbon) to reward distinguished service in such work. She fostered the higher education of women in Romania, and established societies for various charitable objects.
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Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise zu Wied (29 December 1843 – 2 March 1916) was the Queen consort of Romania as the wife of King Carol I of Romania, widely known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva. --
She was crowned Queen of Romania in 1881 after Romania was proclaimed a kingdom. In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 she devoted herself to the care of the wounded, and founded the Order of Elizabeth (a gold cross on a blue ribbon) to reward distinguished service in such work. She fostered the higher education of women in Romania, and established societies for various charitable objects.
(Wiki)
(Colouring by frankmh)
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Facebook
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https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yb/r/hLRJ1GG_y0J.ico
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Sieh dir auf Facebook Beiträge, Fotos und vieles mehr an.
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https://tourinromania.com/reasons-to-visit-romania/the-first-king-of-romania-king-carol-i
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👑 The First King of Romania: King Carol I
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King Carol I was born in 1839 and he first ruled as Prince, then King. He ruled until his death in 1914. Let's learn more about King Carol I.
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King Carol I, born Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig, Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, ruled in Romania from 1866 to 1914. He was born in 1839 and he first ruled as Prince, then King. He ruled until his death in 1914. The dynasty that he was a part of (the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen dynasty) ruled Romania until the country became a republic in 1947.
King Carol I was born in Sigmaringen, Prussia, which is present-day Germany. He was born on April 20, 1839 to Catholic parents. Upon completion of elementary studies, he entered the Cadet School in Münster.
After that, when he was 18 years old, he went to Berlin to study at the Artillery School. He then became a Prussian officer and fought in the Second Schleswig War. He participated in the assault of Fredericia citadel and Dybbøl. These experiences would later serve him well as he embarked on the Russo-Turkish War.
Carol I was thin and of average stature, but was said to have been an amazing soldier. He was healthy and very disciplined. More than being an exceptional soldier, Carol I was a well-rounded person. He spoke several European languages and he was a very good politician. He was a people person and he had liberal ideas.
He also had good relations with other rulers of Europe. His family was related to the Bonaparte family – one of his grandmothers was a Beauharnais, and the other was a Murat. All of these details would help him to later become ruler of Romania.
Downfall and Exile of Alexandru Ioan Cuza
Before Carol I became King, Alexandru Ioan Cuza (anglicized as Alexander John Cuza) was Domnitor (Ruler) of the Romanian Principalities. Cuza did many great things for Romania, namely uniting the principalities. He was originally King of Wallachia and King of Moldavia, but he was able to proclaim unification.
What had happened was he was elected as both King of Wallachia and King of Moldavia at the same time, during the same election cycle, so he decided that the two lands would be unified. Other European countries accepted Romania as one, and so it was official.
Cuza also introduced agrarian reform with the eradication of serfdom. This, however, turned out to be his downfall. Landowners, the wealthy, and conservatives did not like these reforms and decided to oust Cuza in 1866. Tensions had also been growing because of a scandal due to his relations with a mistress: Maria Catargiu-Obrenovic. With his ousting, the people invited in their new king: King Carol I.
King Carol I’s Reign
When King Carol I arrived in Romania, the country was in political turmoil. Cuza had united Wallachia and Moldavia, but other European powers did not want to accept King Carol I as King of both. Another problem was that, even though Romania’s political leaders had chosen King Carol I as their new King, Carol I was not their first choice. Actually, some of the prominent leaders originally approached Philip of Flanders, who was the brother of King Leopold II of Belgium.
Philip knew the French would not view it favorably for him to reign over Romania. Not only that, but just a few years earlier, Philip had turned down the throne of Greece. He decided to turn down this opportunity too. That is when Napoleon III suggested Carol I, Philip’s brother-in-law. The French at the time had strong influence over Romania, and so the Romanian politicians gave in to this suggestion and brought in Carol I as King.
Carol was elected King on April 20, 1866 and was crowned on May 10th of that year. When he was crowned, he addressed the crowd in French, because he had not learned Romanian yet. Still, he was accepting of Romanian culture and had is name Romanianized, spelling it as Carol rather than his birth name Karl. Luckily, Romanian is another Romance language and Carol was quickly able to pick up the new tongue.
Two months after King Carol I arrived in Romania, in June of 1866, the Romanian Parliament adopted the 1866 Constitution of Romania. It was modeled after the Constitution of Belgium, which was signed in 1831. Romania’s constitution guaranteed private property, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, abolished the death penalty during peace time, and created a separation of powers of the government.
Even though the constitution was in many ways very liberal, it also banned non-Christians from becoming citizens, which mostly negatively affected the Jewish community. The Constitution also made King Carol I’s male descendants heirs of the throne, and required that his descendants be raised as Eastern Orthodox Christians.
The War of Independence (1877-1878)
Anti-Ottoman revolts occurred in several Balkan countries from 1875-1877. Up until this time, the Principality of Romania was formally under Turkish rule. However, on May 10, 1877, Parliament voted, and Romania declared itself independent.
The Treaty of Berlin was signed after the war, on July 13, 1878. The treaty officially declared Romania independent. Thus, the Kingdom of Romania was born. Up until this point, King Carol I was technically just a prince. Indeed, he was declared a prince even in the Constitution of 1866. Once the treaty was signed, he became a King. The Constitution was then amended to reflect this change and Carol’s new title.
King Carol I’s Death
After ruling over Romania for a long 48 years, King Carol I’s time came to an end. He died in 1914, likely due to the stress of World War I. He had married Princess Elizabeth of Wied in 1869, but the couple had only had one daughter, Princess Maria, who died at a mere four years old.
Succession was of great concern to the Romanian government, and it was supposed to be King Carol I’s bloodline that continued as rulers of Romania. King Carol I’s older brother, Leopold, had declined the throne of Romania. Leopold’s oldest son, William, had also declined the throne. Finally, Leopold’s second son, Ferdinand, was named Prince of Romania in 1914.
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Define Elisabeth+of+Wied. Elisabeth+of+Wied synonyms, Elisabeth+of+Wied pronunciation, Elisabeth+of+Wied translation, English dictionary definition of Elisabeth+of+Wied.
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Carol II, 1893–1953, king of Romania, son of King Ferdinand and Queen Marie. While crown prince, he contracted a morganatic marriage with Zizi Labrino but divorced her to marry (1921) Princess Helen of Greece. He soon formed a liaison with Magda
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Carol II, 1893–1953, king of Romania, son of King Ferdinand and Queen Marie. While crown prince, he contracted a morganatic marriage with Zizi Labrino but divorced her to marry (1921) Princess Helen of Greece. He soon formed a liaison with Magda Lupescu, with whom he lived in Paris after being forced (1925) to renounce his right of succession. On the death (1927) of King Ferdinand, Carol's son Michael became king, but Carol, having divorced Queen Helen in 1928, returned to Romania in 1930, supplanted his son, and had himself proclaimed king de jure since 1927. A turbulent period began (see Romania). In 1938, Carol formed a royal dictatorship. A contest between the king and the fascist Iron Guard ensued, with assassinations and massacres on both sides. Forced to call on Ion Antonescu to form a government (1940), Carol was deposed and fled abroad with Lupescu, whom he finally married in Brazil in 1947. Michael once more became king. Carol died in Portugal, but his remains were returned to Romania in 2003.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2024, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
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Carol I of Romania
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Carol I (20 April 1839 – 27 September (O.S.) / 10 October (N.S.) 1914), born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was the ruler of Romania from 1866 to 1914. He was elected Ruling Prince (Domnitor) of the Romanian United Principalities on 20 April 1866 after the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan...
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"Carol I" redirects here. For the 2009 film, see Carol I (film).
Carol I (20 April 1839 – 27 September (O.S.) / 10 October (N.S.) 1914), born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was the ruler of Romania from 1866 to 1914. He was elected Ruling Prince (Domnitor) of the Romanian United Principalities on 20 April 1866 after the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan Cuza by a palace coup. After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire (1878) in the Russo-Turkish War, he declared Romania a sovereign nation (the country had been under the nominal suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire until then). He was proclaimed King of Romania on 26 March [O.S. 14 March] 1881. He was the first ruler of the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen dynasty, which ruled the country until the proclamation of a republic in 1947.
During his reign, Carol I personally led Romanian troops during the Russo-Turkish War and assumed command of the Russo/Romanian army during the siege of Plevna. The country achieved full independence from the Ottoman Empire (Treaty of Berlin, 1878) and acquired the Cadrilater from Bulgaria in 1913. Domestic political life, still dominated by the country's wealthy landowning families organized around the rival Liberal and Conservative parties, was punctuated by two widespread peasant uprisings, in Wallachia (the southern half of the country) in April 1888 and in Moldavia (the northern half) in March 1907.
He married Elisabeth of Wied in Neuwied on 15 November 1869. They only had one daughter, Maria, who died at the age of three.
Carol never produced a male heir, leaving his elder brother Leopold next in line to the throne. In October 1880 Leopold renounced his right of succession in favour of his son William, who in turn surrendered his claim six years later in favour of his younger brother, the future king Ferdinand.
Early life[]
Prince Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was born in Sigmaringen, the second son of Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and his wife, Princess Josephine of Baden. After finishing his elementary studies, Karl entered the Cadet School in Münster. In 1857 he was attending the courses of the Artillery School in Berlin. Up to 1866, when he accepted the crown of Romania, he was a Prussian officer. He took part in the Second Schleswig War, including the assault of the Fredericia citadel and Dybbøl, an experience which would be very useful to him later in the Russo-Turkish war.
Although he was quite frail and not very tall, prince Karl was reported to be the perfect soldier, healthy and disciplined, and also a very good politician with liberal ideas. He was familiar with several European languages. His family being closely related to the Bonaparte family (one of his grandmothers was a Beauharnais, Joséphine's niece-in-law, and the other a Murat, Joachim's niece Marie Antoinette Murat), they enjoyed very good relations with Napoleon III of France. Romania was at the time under the influence of French culture, and Napoleon's recommendation of Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen weighed heavily with Romanian politicians of the time, as did his blood relation to the ruling Prussian family. Ion Brătianu was the Romanian politician who was sent to negotiate with Karl and his family the possibility of installing him on the Romanian throne.
On the way to Romania[]
The former Romanian ruler, Alexandru Ioan Cuza, had been expelled from the country by the leading noblemen and Romania was in a political chaos. Cuza's double election, both in Wallachia and in Moldavia) had been the basis on which the Romanian Principalities' unification was recognized by the European powers. With him gone, the country was in danger of disintegration.
Due to the political conflict between Prussia and the Austrian Empire, Karl travelled incognito by railroad from Düsseldorf to Budapest, under the name of Karl Hettingen. From Budapest he travelled by carriage, as there was no railroad to Romania. As he crossed the border onto Romanian soil, he was met by Brătianu, who bowed before him and asked Karl to join him in his carriage.
On 10 May 1866 (22 May 1866 N.S.), Karl entered Bucharest. The news of his arrival had been transmitted by telegraph and he was welcomed by a huge crowd eager to see the new ruler. In Băneasa he was given the keys to the capital city. Eventually it was a rainy day after a long period of drought, apparently a very favorable sign. As he was crowned, Karl swore this oath: "I swear to guard the laws of Romania, to maintain the rights of its People and the integrity of its territory." He spoke in French, as he did not speak Romanian. However, he endeared himself to his adopted country by adopting the Romanian spelling of his name, Carol.
The Constitution[]
Immediately after arriving in the country, the Romanian parliament adopted, on 29 June 1866, the 1866 Constitution of Romania, one of the most advanced constitutions in that time. This constitution allowed the development and modernization of the Romanian state. In a daring move, the Constitution chose to ignore the nominal suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, which paved the way towards a full independence.
Article 82 stated that "The ruler's powers are hereditary, starting directly from His Majesty, prince Carol I of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, on the male line through the right of first-born, with the exclusion of women and their issue. His Majesty's descendants will be raised in the Eastern Orthodox Religion."
In 1877, Romania was proclaimed independent, making Carol fully sovereign over Romania. From 1878, Carol held the title of Royal Highness (Alteță Regală). On 15 March 1881, the constitution was amended to proclaim Romania a kingdom. Carol became the first king, while the heir would be called Prince Royal. On 10 May, Carol was crowned king.
(The basic idea of all the royalist constitutions in Romania was that the king reigned, but did not rule.)
A devoted King[]
King Carol was reported to be a cold person. He was permanently concerned with the prestige of the dynasty he had founded. His wife, Elizabeth, claimed he 'wore the crown in his sleep'. He was very meticulous and he tried to impose his style upon everyone that surrounded him. Though he was devoted to his job as a Romanian prince and king, he never forgot his German roots.
In 48 years of rule—far and away the longest in Romanian history—he helped Romania gain its independence, he raised its prestige, he helped redress its economy and he established a dynasty. In the Carpathian mountains, he built Peleş Castle, still one of Romania's most visited touristic attractions. The castle was built in German style, as a reminder of the king's origin. After the Russo-Turkish war, Romania gained Dobrogea and Carol ordered the first bridge over the Danube, between Fetești and Cernavodă, linking the newly acquired province to the rest of the country.
As a member of the German higher landed aristocracy (Fürst), Carol never managed to follow the much-needed liberal and poor-friendly policies initiated by his predecessor, Alexandru Ioan Cuza. Left unsolved, the grave social problems caused by the inequity of land ownership, ignited peasant uprisings throughout the reign of Carol I. The peasant class was suppressed during 1907 revolt, at the cost of 10,000 lives.[1][2] Being under the influence of local landlords, the king failed to put together a sound administration, as envisioned by Prince Cuza.[3][4]
The end of the reign[]
The long rule of Carol helped the quick development of the Romanian state. But, towards the end of his reign and the start of the World War I, Carol wanted to enter the war on the side of the Central Powers. However, Romanian public opinion was overwhelmingly Francophile and sided with the Triple Entente. Carol had signed a secret treaty in 1883 which had linked Romania with the Triple Alliance (1882). Although the treaty was to be activated only if Russia attacked one of the signatories, Carol was convinced that the honourable thing to do was to enter the war supporting the German Empire and his cousin, Emperor William II.
In 3 August [O.S. 21 July] 1914, an emergency meeting was held with the Crown Council, where Carol told them about the secret treaty and shared his opinion with them. However, most of the Crown Council members strongly disagreed, opting for neutrality. King Carol died in 10 October [O.S. 27 September] 1914. The future King Ferdinand, under the influence of his wife, Marie of Edinburgh, a British princess, was more willing to listen to public opinion.
Life and family[]
When he was elected prince of Romania, Carol was unmarried. In 1869, the prince started a trip around Europe and mainly Germany, to find a bride. During this trip he met and married Princess Elizabeth of Wied at Neuwied on 15 November 1869. Their marriage was one of the most unfit matches in history, with Carol being a cold and calculated man while Elizabeth was a notorious dreamer. They had one child, Princess Maria, born in 1871, who died on the 24th of March 1874. She had no prospect of inheriting her father's throne; as mentioned above the Constitution limited succession to the male line. This led to the further estrangement of the royal couple, Elizabeth never completely recovering from the trauma of losing her only child.
After the proclamation of the Kingdom (1881), the succession was a very important matter of state. Since Carol's brother, Leopold, and his oldest son, William, declined their rights, the second son of Leopold, Ferdinand, was named prince of Romania and heir-presumptive to the throne. Towards the end of Carol's life, though, Carol and Elizabeth finally found a way to understand each other and were reported to have become good friends.
Ancestors[]
8. Anton Aloys, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 4. Charles, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 9. Amalie Zephyrine of Salm-Kyrburg 2. Karl Anton, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen 10. Peter Murat 5. Marie Antoinette Murat 11. Louise d'Astorg 1. Carol I of Romania 12. Karl Ludwig, Hereditary Prince of Baden 6. Karl, Grand Duke of Baden 13. Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt 3. Josephine of Baden 14. Claude de Beauharnais, comte of Les Roches-Baritaud 7. Stéphanie de Beauharnais 15. Claude Françoise de Lezay
See also[]
Commissions of the Danube River
Sources[]
Boris Crǎciun – "Regii şi Reginele României", Editura Porţile Orientului, Iaşi
Notes[]
[]
Online edition of Carol's 1899 book Reminiscences of the King of Roumania
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Elisabeth of Wied
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Princess/Queen of Romania from 1869 to 1914
"Carmen-Sylva" and "Queen Elisabeth of Romania" redirect here. Not to be confused with Carmen Silva. For the Romanian town formerly called Carmen-Sylva, see Eforie. For the consort of George II, King of the Hellenes, see Elisabeth of Romania.
Elisabeth of Wied (Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise; 29 December 1843 – 2 March 1916) was the first queen of Romania as the wife of King Carol I from 15 March 1881 to 27 September 1914. She had been the princess consort of Romania since her marriage to then-Prince Carol on 15 November 1869.
Elisabeth was born into a German noble family. She was briefly considered as a potential bride for the future British king Edward VII, but Edward rejected her. Elisabeth married Prince Carol of Romania in 1869. Their only child, Princess Maria, died aged three in 1874, and Elisabeth never fully recovered from the loss of her daughter. When Romania became a kingdom in 1881, Elisabeth became queen, and she was crowned together with Carol that same year.
Elisabeth was a prolific writer under the name Carmen Sylva.
Family and early life
[edit]
Born at Castle Monrepos in Neuwied, she was the daughter of Hermann, Prince of Wied, and his wife Princess Marie of Nassau.
Elisabeth had artistic leanings; her childhood featured seances and visits to the local asylum for the mentally ill.[1]
Marriage
[edit]
When she was about 16, Elisabeth was considered as a possible bride for Albert Edward, Prince of Wales ("Bertie"), the eldest son and heir apparent of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. The Queen strongly favored Elisabeth as a prospective daughter-in-law and urged her daughter Victoria, Princess Royal, to look further into her.[1] Elisabeth was spending the social season at the Berlin court, where her family hoped she would be tamed into a docile, marriageable princess. Princess Victoria told the Queen, "I do not think her at all distinguée looking—certainly the opposite to Bertie's usual taste", whereas the tall and slender Alexandra of Denmark was "just the style Bertie admires".[1] The Prince of Wales was also shown photographs of Elisabeth, but professed himself unmoved and declined to give them a second glance.[2] In the end, Alexandra was selected for Albert Edward.[citation needed]
Elisabeth first met Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in Berlin in 1861. In 1869, Karl, who was now Prince Carol of Romania, traveled to Germany in search of a suitable consort. He was reunited with Elisabeth, and the two were married on 15 November 1869 in Neuwied. Their only child, a daughter, Maria, died in 1874 at age three — an event from which Elisabeth never recovered. She was crowned Queen of Romania in 1881 after Romania was proclaimed a kingdom.
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, also known as the Romanian War of Independence, she devoted herself to the care of the wounded, and founded the Decoration of the Cross of Queen Elisabeth to reward distinguished service in such work. She fostered the higher education of women in Romania, and established societies for various charitable objects.[3] She was the 835th Dame of the Order of Queen Maria Luisa. She died at the Golescu Mansion in Bucharest.
She founded the National Society for the Blind and was the first royal patron of the Romanian Red Cross.
Early distinguished by her excellence as a pianist, organist and singer, she also showed considerable ability in painting and illuminating; but a lively poetic imagination led her to the path of literature, and more especially to poetry, folk-lore and ballads. In addition to numerous original works she put into literary form many of the legends current among the Romanian peasantry.[3]
Literary activity
[edit]
As "Carmen Sylva", she wrote with facility in German, Romanian, French and English. A few of her voluminous writings, which include poems, plays, novels, short stories, essays, collections of aphorisms, etc., may be singled out for special mention:[3]
Her earliest publications were Sappho and Hammerstein, two poems which appeared at Leipzig in 1880.
In 1888 she received the Prix Botta [fr], a prize awarded triennially by the Académie française, for her volume of prose aphorisms Les Pensees d'une reine (Paris, 1882), a German version of which is entitled Vom Amboss (Bonn, 1890).
Cuvinte Sufletesci, religious meditations in Romanian (Bucharest, 1888), was also translated into German (Bonn, 1890), as Seelen-Gespräche.
Several of the queen’s works as "Carmen Sylva" were written in collaboration with Mite Kremnitz, one of her maids of honor; these were published between 1881 and 1888, sometimes under the joint pseudonym Dito et Idem. These include:[3]
Aus zwei Welten (Leipzig, 1884), a novel
Anna Boleyn (Bonn, 1886), a tragedy
In der Irre (Bonn, 1888), a collection of short stories
Edleen Vaughan, or Paths of Peril (London, 1894), a novel
Sweet Hours (London, 1904), a collection of English poems
Among several translations by "Carmen Sylva" include:[3]
German versions of Pierre Loti's romance Pecheur d'Islande
German versions of Paul de St Victor's dramatic criticisms Les Deux Masques (Paris, 1881–1884)
The Bard of the Dimbovitza, an English translation of Elena Văcărescu's collection of Romanian folk-songs, etc., entitled Lieder aus dem Dimbovitzathal (Bonn, 1889), translated in collaboration with British poet Alma Strettell. The Bard of the Dimbovitza was first published in 1891, and was soon reissued and expanded.[4][5]
Translations of original works by "Carmen Sylva" have appeared in all principal languages of Europe and in Armenian.[3]
A book of reminiscences, From Memory's Shrine, was published in 1911.
Văcărescu Affair
[edit]
In 1881, due to the lack of heirs to the Romanian throne, King Carol I adopted his nephew, Ferdinand. Ferdinand, a complete stranger in his new home, started to get close to one of Elisabeth's ladies in waiting, Elena Văcărescu. Elisabeth, very close to Elena herself, encouraged the romance, although she was perfectly aware of the fact that a marriage between the two was forbidden by the Romanian constitution.
The result of this was the exile of both Elisabeth (in Neuwied) and Elena (in Paris), as well as a trip by Ferdinand through Europe in search of a suitable bride, whom he eventually found in Queen Victoria's granddaughter, Princess Marie of Edinburgh. The affair helped reinforce Elisabeth's image as a dreamer and eccentric.
Quite unusually for a queen, Elisabeth of Wied was personally of the opinion that a republican form of government was preferable to monarchy—an opinion which she expressed forthrightly in her diary, though she did not make it public at the time:
"I must sympathize with the Social Democrats, especially in view of the inaction and corruption of the nobles. These "little people", after all, want only what nature confers: equality. The Republican form of government is the only rational one. I can never understand the foolish people, the fact that they continue to tolerate us."[6]
Honours
[edit]
National
[edit]
Germany: Dame of the Order of Louise
Hohenzollern: Dame of the House Order of Hohenzollern
Romania: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown[7]
Romania: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Carol I[8]
Romania: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania
Romania: Grand Master Knight of the Decoration of the Cross of Queen Elisabeth[7][9]
Romania: Recipient of the Ruby Jubilee Medal of King Carol I
Foreign
[edit]
Austria-Hungary:
Dame of the Order of the Starry Cross, 1st Class
Decoration of Honour for Arts and Sciences, in Brilliants, 1896[10]
Grand Cross of the Imperial Austrian Order of Elizabeth, 1913[10]
Portugal: Dame of the Order of Queen Saint Isabel[11]
Russia: Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Saint Catherine[12]
Serbia: Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Saint Sava
Spain: Dame of the Order of Queen Maria Luisa, 26 December 1884[13]
United Kingdom: Royal Order of Victoria and Albert, 1st Class[14]
Württemberg: Dame of the Order of Olga, 1880[15]
Legacy
[edit]
The Bucharest-born colonizer of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, Julius Popper, was a fan of her work and named some features after her.
Sierra Carmen Silva (Chile)
Río Carmen Silva (Argentina, also known as Río Chico)
The Forest path of Carmen Sylva (Šetalište Carmen Sylve) in Opatija, Croatia
Villa Carmen Sylva (Domburg)[16]
Villa Carmen Sylva (Varese)[17]
Ancestry
[edit]
References
[edit]
Bibliography
[edit]
Eugen Wolbe, "Carmen Sylva", Leipzig, 1933
Gabriel Badea-Päun, Carmen Sylva - Uimitoarea Regină Elisabeta a României, 1843–1916, Bucharest, Humanitas, 2003, second edition in 2007, third edition in 2008; ISBN 978-973-50-1101-7
Gabriel Badea-Päun, Jean-Jules-Antoine Lecomte du Nouÿ (1842–1923) à la cour royale de Roumanie, dans Bulletin de la Société de l'Historie de l'Art Français, Année 2005, Paris, 2006, pp. 257–81.
Hibbert, Christopher (2007). Edward VII: The Last Victorian King. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Pakula, Hannah (1995). An Uncommon Woman: The Empress Frederick, Daughter of Queen Victoria, Wife of the Crown Prince of Prussia, Mother of Kaiser Wilhelm. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-684-84216-5.
Zimmermann, Silvia Irina: The Child of the Sun: Royal Fairy Tales and Essays by the Queens of Romania, Elisabeth (Carmen Sylva, 1843-1916) and Marie (1875-1938). Selected and edited, with an introduction and bibliography by Silvia Irina Zimmermann. Stuttgart: ibidem-Verlag (Ibidem Press), 2020, 315 pages, 54 illustrations (7 colored), ISBN 978-3-8382-1393-4.
Zimmermann, Silvia Irina: Der Zauber des fernen Königreichs. Carmen Sylvas „Pelesch-Märchen“, (Magisterarbeit Universität Marburg 1996), ibidem-Verlag, Stuttgart, 2011, 180 pages; ISBN 978-3-8382-0195-5.
Zimmermann, Silvia Irina: Die dichtende Königin. Elisabeth, Prinzessin zu Wied, Königin von Rumänien, Carmen Sylva (1843–1916). Selbstmythisierung und prodynastische Öffentlichkeitsarbeit durch Literatur, (Doctoral thesis University of Marburg 2001/2003), ibidem-Verlag, Stuttgart, 2010, 482 pages; ISBN 978-3-8382-0185-6.
Research Center Carmen Sylva of the Princely Archive of Wied
Carmen Sylva – Regina Elisabeta of Romania Archived 2011-05-03 at the Wayback Machine at Tom's Place (tkinter.org) – works by and about her, gallery from newspapers and magazines
Works by Carmen Sylva at Project Gutenberg
Works by or about Elisabeth of Wied at the Internet Archive
Books about Carmen Sylva and new editions of her works (in German)
Carmen Sylva at Library of Congress, with 29 library catalogue records
Newspaper clippings about Elisabeth of Wied in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
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"Queen Elisabeth of Romania" - Free stories online. Create books for kids
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The biography of Elisabeth of Wied, Queen of Romania, known by her literary name Carmen Sylva, and her literary works. Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise ...
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https://www.theroyalforums.com/threads/king-carol-i-1839-1914-and-elisabeth-zu-wied-aka-carmen-sylva-1843-1916.28154/
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King Carol I (1839-1914) and Elisabeth zu Wied (aka Carmen Sylva) (1843-1916)
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"McDonald Islands",
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2006-04-15T04:18:09-04:00
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In May there will be 140 since Prince Carol of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was crowned,(on 10th May) and I understand it will be some festivities.
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https://www.theroyalforums.com/threads/king-carol-i-1839-1914-and-elisabeth-zu-wied-aka-carmen-sylva-1843-1916.28154/
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mariacris
Aristocracy
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*********
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In May there will be 140 since Prince Carol of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was crowned,(on 10th May) and I understand it will be some festivities.
Last edited by a moderator: Apr 15, 2006
Warren
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King Carol I (1839-1914) was born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, the second son of Karl Anton, Prince (Fürst) of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and his wife, Princess Josephine of Baden. He was elected Domnitor (Prince) of Romania on 20 April 1866 following the overthrow of Alexander John Cuza by a palace coup.
Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War Prince Carol was proclaimed King of Romania on 26 March 1881.
He married Elisabeth zu Wied (1843-1916), the daughter of Hermann, Prince (Fürst) zu Wied and Princess Marie of Nassau in Neuwied on 15 November 1869. Their only child was a daughter named Maria who died aged three in 1874. As "Carmen Sylva", she wrote poems, plays, novels, short stories, essays, collections of aphorisms etc in German, Romanian, French and English.
Images from Wikipedia Commons and not subject to copyright.
King Carol I
Queen Elisabeth
.
Last edited: Jul 10, 2010
Russophile
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Ah! Thanks for the info. Warren, "Born to Rule" did not make clear that she wrote under that name and used it interchangably throughout the book so it was a little unclear about who she was. At one point I thought there was a Queen and a mistress on the side named Carmen Sylva.
Cory
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Carol I did't have mistresses but Queen Elisabeta was a very peculiar person.
Weekly picture: the Carmen Sylva grand valse for piano « Diana Mandache's Weblog
This month will be launched in Germany the wonderful biography of Queen Elisabeta of Romania (born Princess Elisabeth von Wied) by Gabriel Badea-Paun:
Carte despre Regina Elisabeta a României, în limba german
Portrait Miniature: King Carol I of Romania | Diana Mandache Historian & Author
Commemoration: 140 years ago Maria of Hohenzollern died | Diana Mandache's Weblog
Last edited by a moderator: Mar 1, 2016
Cory
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Cory
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A new book about Carmen Sylva:
http://www.noblesseetroyautes.com/nr01/2011/06/livre-carmen-sylva-reine-elisabeth-de-roumanie/
Last edited: Jun 9, 2011
USCtrojan
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Where does Carmen Sylva come from? Did the queen call herself this?
USCtrojan
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Carol I did't have mistresses but Queen Elisabeta was a very peculiar person.
In what ways?
Cory
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Queen Elisabeth was rather an artist.
Duc_et_Pair
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Queen Elizabeth of Romania was closely related to both the Houses of the Nassau dynasty. Elizabeth's mother was Princess Marie von Nassau (1825-1902). In 1890 the House Nassau replaced the House Orange-Nassau as reigning House in Luxembourg after the death of King Willem III of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. So Elizabeth herself was half a Nassau via her mother.
Elizabeth's aunt Princess Helena von Nassau (1831-1888) married the Fürst von Waldeck und Pyrmont. Her daughter Emma, herself half a Nassau via her mother, would marry with the said King Willem III of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. This means Queen Elizabeth of Romania ("Carmen Sylva") was a full cousin of Queen Emma of the Netherlands.
Besides this, Princess Elizabeth's own brother Wilhelm, would marry Princess Marie of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, even more linking the Romanian Hohenzollerns closer to the Nassau dynasty, while there were already so many Nassau-Hohenzollern links.
Those were the times....
Last edited: Apr 22, 2014
Cory
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Friday, the 9th of May, at the Central University Library "Carol I " of Bucharest a Conference dedicated to the first Hohenzollern King with the title "Carol I- a Life dedicated to Romania":
Carol I, o viaţă dedicată României | Historia
Digi 24 spoke about King Carol I:
SPECIAL Digi24. Carol I, 48 de ani de domnie: „Totul pentru ?ar?, nimic pentru mine”
Last edited by a moderator: Mar 11, 2016
CyrilVladisla
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King Carol I was obliged to quell a peasant uprising in 1907 which claimed as many as 10,000 lives.
Last edited by a moderator: Nov 25, 2014
LadyFinn
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Public events dedicated to the centenary of the death of King Carol I, on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
Evenimentele publice dedicate centenarului morții Regelui Carol I Familia Regală a României Royal Family of Romania
Translation
Cory
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King Carol I in 1896:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pxnYQIaV5qY
Cory
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At the end of his reign Carol I was probably dissapointed about the reaction of the politicians and public opinion at the beginning of the first wold war.
Cory
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Queen Elisabeta was Lutheran all her life and she was very proud to be a member of the House of Hohenzollern. Why organizing then a 100 years anniversary from her passing away in a place she had never been, in a orthodox church and with no members of the Houses of Wied and Hohenzollern present?
We have to respect the religious affiliation of each person that passed away. It is normal to have the commemoration of a lutheran Queen in a Lutheran church. Queen Elisabeta had never visited Savarsin and the official residence of the Romanian King is in Bucharest not in Savarson, which is a private residence.
Queen Elisabeta was very proud to be a Hohenzollern but no Prince of Hohenzollern was invited.
Carol I of Hohenzollern was called to the Throne in 1866 to be a Head of State above Romanian politics,factions and families. What can we learn from what happened in 1866?
Still nothing in a Lutheran church for the late Luheran Queen.
Last edited by a moderator: Mar 11, 2016
MAfan
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I suppose that you are referring to the commemoration for the 100th anniversary of the death of Queen Elisabeth of Romania, organized on 18 February by the Romanian Royal Family at the Orthodox Curch of Săvârşin (the royal residence where the Crown Princess and Prince Radu are currently staying):
Centenarul morții Reginei Elisabeta a României
https://translate.google.it/translate?sl=ro&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=it&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.familiaregala.ro%2Fstiri%2Farticol%2Fcentenarul-mortii-reginei-elisabeta-a-romaniei&edit-text=
Just a guess: the commemoration took place in Romania because it was organized by the Romanian Royal Family for a late Queen of Romania; it took place in Săvârșin because the representatives of the Royal Family who attended it are currently residing there.
MAfan
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After the memorial celebrated at the Church of Savarsin on 18 February, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the death of Queen Elisabeth of Romania, on 20 February a concert took place in Bucharest as part of the commemoration.
The concert was organized by ANRM (National Alliance for the Restoration of the Monarchy) and the Association of Students of the National University of Music of Bucharest, with the support of the National University of Music which hosted the event.
During the concert were played musics by Queen Elisabeth's favourite composers (Johann Sebastian Bach, Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Joseph Haydn, Franz Schubert and George Enescu) and were read excerpts from the poems written by the Queen hereself under the pseudonym of Carmen Sylva.
The concert was attended by Princess Maria of Romania.
Concert extraordinar în memoria Reginei Elisabeta a României | Familia Regală a României / Royal Family of Romania
https://translate.google.com/transl...oria-reginei-elisabeta-a-romaniei/&edit-text=
Cory
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In 2016 there are 150 years of the Hohenzollern Dinasty in Romania. Which will be the best way to celebrate such event?
Cory
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What's your opinion about the dialogue of Carol I with his sister , the Countess of Flandre?
Cory
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Carol I did not have unfortunately the public Catholic Funerals like Queen Ana now.
CyrilVladisla
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King Carol I and Queen Elisabeth attended the 50th anniversary of the University of Bucharest.
Cory
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Queen Elisabeta translated some of Eminescu's poems even if the poet himself was not a great admirer of the Queen's literary works:
Elisabeta, regina-poetă care nu l-a înţeles pe Eminescu. „Regina găseşte «Luceafărul» o proastă imitaţie din Alecsandri, limba şi versurile rele (creer regal)“
Elisabeta, prima regină a României, a rămas cunoscută în istorie mai ales pentru preocupările sale literare, sub pseudonimul Carmen Sylva. Ambiţiile ei scriitoriceşti au adus-o în faţa lui Eminescu, la care a căutat apreciere şi înţelegere. Poetul nu...
eya
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A new Boeing737 with a blue color and the picture of King Carol I on it!
https://www.instagram.com/p/BlkjEQthzLC/?taken-by=familiaregalaaromaniei
CyrilVladisla
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Queen Elisabeth composed Die Woche in 1901.
http://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-el...ort-of-romania-2631881-10101914-47873447.html
Blog Real
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King Carol I of Romania with his nephew (Ferdinand) and grand-nephew (Carol). Circa 1905.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe..._Romania_with_his_nephew_and_great_nephew.jpg
CyrilVladisla
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King Carol I and Queen Elisabeth walked on a grassy hillside
http://www.gettyimages.com/license/108363189
CyrilVladisla
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According to Marie, Queen Consort of Ferdinand I, King of Romania (1875-1938) Carol I was "a man who lived solely to do his work and duty".
http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/carol_i_king_of_romania
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https://theconversation.com/three-forgotten-women-who-wrote-fairytales-which-subverted-the-grimms-gender-norms-233931
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Three forgotten women who wrote fairytales which subverted the Grimms’ gender norms
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"Anja Rekeszus"
] |
2024-08-07T11:37:05+00:00
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These stories address the needs and assert the agency of women.
|
en
|
The Conversation
|
https://theconversation.com/three-forgotten-women-who-wrote-fairytales-which-subverted-the-grimms-gender-norms-233931
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Rapunzel, Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty – these well-known stories and others, first published by the Brothers Grimm in Kinder- und Hausmärchen (Children’s and Household Tales, 1812), have become shorthand for what we collectively think of as fairytales. They are stories with a strong moralistic undertone in which humble and obedient women are rewarded while transgressive women suffer – all before an interchangeable background of castles, kings and sorcery.
But these stories are only one iteration of fairytales. Stories that were collected and continuously edited by men to reinforce bourgeois values, which often marginalised women.
In the ongoing success story of the Grimms’ fairytales, repopularised by big film corporations such as Disney, women who collected and wrote fairytales have long been overlooked.
Three such authors were Karoline von Woltmann, Carmen Sylva, and Laura Gonzenbach. Their stories are a far cry from the Grimms’, asserting women’s agency and addressing their needs.
1. Karoline von Woltmann (1782-1847)
Born the daughter of a Prussian privy councillor in Berlin and highly educated, Woltmann spent most of her life writing historical fiction as well as works on social propriety. In these works, Woltmann presented herself in a light that would not be seen as particularly enlightened in our time. She endorses a gendered division of societal roles, and advocates for the importance of marriage as a societal institution.
But her fantastical writings give us a more nuanced insight into her views. In Der Mädchenkrieg (The Girls’ War), from her collection Volkssagen der Böhmen (Folk Tales of the Bohemians, 1815), Woltmann retells a bohemian legend following the death of the legendary queen Libuše.
The women of the court, led by Wlastislava, oppose the men’s wish to rule Bohemia and use women solely as wives and servants. An increasingly violent conflict between the sexes ensues, which ends in a final battle in which Wlatislava dies. But through the diplomatic efforts of two peace-loving couples, the conflict is ended. Wives return to their husbands, and the husbands vow to honour their wives.
While the status quo is restored at the end of this tale, Woltmann’s main message is that marriage is built upon equity and respect. She criticises those men who use it as a tool of oppression, and asserts that the sexes must cooperate in matters of governance.
2. Carmen Sylva (1843-1916)
Elisabeth zu Wied – more widely known under her pen name, Carmen Sylva – was a German princess who, through the coronation of her husband Carol I, became the first queen of Romania in 1881.
The new dynasty, however, got off to a troubled start. Their rule was repeatedly questioned, and the queen and king faced a series of droughts and social unrest. It was during this time that Sylva published Pelesch-Märchen (Peleş Fairy Tales, 1882) – a collection of 12 fairytales, largely of her own invention.
In these stories, Sylva fashions herself as a mothering “poet queen” who, by befriending the Romanian river Peleş and writing down its stories, is able to compile a collection of fairytales taken directly from the Romanian landscape’s mouth. The tales function as a guide to the most prominent features of the landscape of the Peleş region.
Each story explains how a certain landmark, for example, a local mountain or a valley, came by its name. The tales also subvert gendered stereotypes employed by the Grimms: instead of meek and well-behaved girls, Sylva’s protagonists are often queens or hard-working, courageous peasant women.
Through these tales, the queen signalled to her readership that she had a special relationship with the Romanian landscape. She was therefore able to assert herself as a female ruler, and provide a new collection of national tales that conveniently circumnavigated her foreign origin.
3. Laura Gonzenbach (1842-1878)
Very little is known about Laura Gonzenbach’s life and circumstances. According to the few sources that exist, she was born into a Swiss-German mercantile family in Messina, in Sicily. Gonzenbach was highly educated and spoke multiple languages. Much of her young life was spent in the rural countryside of Sicily, where she was most likely taught the Sicilian dialect by servants as one of her first languages.
It was for this reason that the prominent German fairy tale scholar Otto Hartwig approached her and asked her to collect and translate local fairy tales for him to publish in a collection – the Sicilianische Märchen (Sicilian Fairy Tales, 1870).
At a first glance, these 92 tales appear close in tone and format to those of the Grimms. They imitate an oral style and use similar vocabulary. However, it quickly becomes apparent that not only are the protagonists overwhelmingly female, but they also challenge patriarchal power structures.
In Zafarana, for example, a cross-dressing heroine gives such a convincing impression of being male that the resident princess falls in love with her.
Taken together with Gonzenbach’s informants being overwhelmingly female, these tales present as “Grimmian”, in their style, language and structure, while in fact undermining the exact societal models the Grimms promoted.
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Elisabeth Prinzessin zu Wied, Queen of Romania alias Carmen Sylva
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Elizabeth, 1843-1916, queen of Romania, consort of King Carol I, whom she married in 1869. Of German birth, she was the daughter of Hermann (1814-1864), prince of Wied. She completely identified herself with her adopted people and devoted herself to their cultural development. Under the pseudonym Carmen Sylva the queen wrote extensively and with almost equal facility in German, French, English, and Romanian. She collaborated on several books with her lady-in-waiting, Mite Kremnitz.
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https://www.royalhouseofromaniahohenzollern-sigmaringen.com/carol-ioana
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Marriage: Carol and Ioana — THE ROYAL HOUSE OF HOHENZOLLERN
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https://assets.squarespace.com/universal/default-favicon.ico
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THE ROYAL HOUSE OF HOHENZOLLERN-SIGMARINGEN ROMANIA
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https://www.royalhouseofromaniahohenzollern-sigmaringen.com/carol-ioana
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The Marriage of Prince Carol of Romania, and Ioana Lambrino.
PLACE: ROMANIA
REGIME: MONARCHY
YEAR: 1918-1920
ALL THE EVENTS THAT TAKE PLACE HERE, WERE DURING THE REIGN OF KING FERDINAND I OF ROMANIA.
AT THE TIME, THE CONSTITUTION IN FORCE WAS THE CONSTITUTION OF 1866.
THE STATUS OF THE ROYAL HOUSE OF ROMANIA ARE IN THE CONSTITUTION.of 1866 Concerning obligation of religious marriage
Art. 22.
The civil status acts are the responsibility of the civil authority. The drawing up of these acts shall follow after in all cases with the religious blessing which for marriages shall be obligatory, except in cases to be provided for by specific law.
Art. 82.
The constitutional powers of the Lord are hereditary, in the direct and legitimate line of descent of Maria Sele Prince Charles I. of Hohenzollern Sigmaringen, from male to male by order of primogeniture and with the perpetual exclusion of women and their descendants. Maria Sele's descendants will be raised in the Orthodox religion of the Resarit.
THE MARRIAGE OF :
PRINCE CAROL of ROMANIA-JOANNA VALENTINA LAMBRINO. YEAR: 1918
PLACE: ODESSA, RUSSIAN EMPIRE.
CHURCH: ORTHODOX CATHEDRAL.
WITNESSES: YES
CERTIFICATE: YES
VALIDATION IN ROMANIA: YES, AS PER ARTICLE : 22 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF 1866.
CHILDREN ISSUED FROM MARRIAGE: YES
NAME: MIRCEA GREGOR CAROL
DATE OF BIRTH: January 1 1920.
RELIGION: ORTHODOX
MARRIAGE CIVILY ANNULED BY THE TRIBUNAL OF ILFOV 13 APRIL 1919. BUT NOT DISSOLVED BY THE ORTHODOX CHURCH.
AS PER ART.22 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF 1866 THE MARRIAGE IS NOT ANNULED.
NOTE: King Carol's first marriage (in 1918, to Johanna Lambrino) was performed according to the rites of the (Russian) Orthodox Church. The subsequent annulment of this marriage (in 1919) was a civil, not religious, process.
QUESTION: If the religious annulment of the marriage did not take place; was Mircea Gregor Carol , the legitimate son of Carol Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen ?
ANSWER: YES.
QUESTION: Is there in the Constitution of 1866 an article on Morganatic mariages?
ANSWER: NO
QUESTION: Does the tribunal of Ilfov decision of April 13 , 1919, specifically forbid Mircea Gregor Carol from using the name : Mircea Gregor Carol of Hohenzollern?
ANSWER: NO.
QUESTION: Did the Romanian Orthodox Church recognize the right of name of:
Mircea Gregor Carol of Hohenzollern? ANSWER; YES
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King Carol I (1839-1914) and Elisabeth zu Wied (aka Carmen Sylva) (1843-1916)
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"McDonald Islands",
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2006-04-15T04:18:09-04:00
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In May there will be 140 since Prince Carol of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was crowned,(on 10th May) and I understand it will be some festivities.
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The Royal Forums
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https://www.theroyalforums.com/threads/king-carol-i-1839-1914-and-elisabeth-zu-wied-aka-carmen-sylva-1843-1916.28154/
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mariacris
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In May there will be 140 since Prince Carol of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was crowned,(on 10th May) and I understand it will be some festivities.
Last edited by a moderator: Apr 15, 2006
Warren
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King Carol I (1839-1914) was born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, the second son of Karl Anton, Prince (Fürst) of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and his wife, Princess Josephine of Baden. He was elected Domnitor (Prince) of Romania on 20 April 1866 following the overthrow of Alexander John Cuza by a palace coup.
Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War Prince Carol was proclaimed King of Romania on 26 March 1881.
He married Elisabeth zu Wied (1843-1916), the daughter of Hermann, Prince (Fürst) zu Wied and Princess Marie of Nassau in Neuwied on 15 November 1869. Their only child was a daughter named Maria who died aged three in 1874. As "Carmen Sylva", she wrote poems, plays, novels, short stories, essays, collections of aphorisms etc in German, Romanian, French and English.
Images from Wikipedia Commons and not subject to copyright.
King Carol I
Queen Elisabeth
.
Last edited: Jul 10, 2010
Russophile
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Ah! Thanks for the info. Warren, "Born to Rule" did not make clear that she wrote under that name and used it interchangably throughout the book so it was a little unclear about who she was. At one point I thought there was a Queen and a mistress on the side named Carmen Sylva.
Cory
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Carol I did't have mistresses but Queen Elisabeta was a very peculiar person.
Weekly picture: the Carmen Sylva grand valse for piano « Diana Mandache's Weblog
This month will be launched in Germany the wonderful biography of Queen Elisabeta of Romania (born Princess Elisabeth von Wied) by Gabriel Badea-Paun:
Carte despre Regina Elisabeta a României, în limba german
Portrait Miniature: King Carol I of Romania | Diana Mandache Historian & Author
Commemoration: 140 years ago Maria of Hohenzollern died | Diana Mandache's Weblog
Last edited by a moderator: Mar 1, 2016
Cory
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Cory
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A new book about Carmen Sylva:
http://www.noblesseetroyautes.com/nr01/2011/06/livre-carmen-sylva-reine-elisabeth-de-roumanie/
Last edited: Jun 9, 2011
USCtrojan
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Where does Carmen Sylva come from? Did the queen call herself this?
USCtrojan
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Carol I did't have mistresses but Queen Elisabeta was a very peculiar person.
In what ways?
Cory
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Queen Elisabeth was rather an artist.
Duc_et_Pair
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Queen Elizabeth of Romania was closely related to both the Houses of the Nassau dynasty. Elizabeth's mother was Princess Marie von Nassau (1825-1902). In 1890 the House Nassau replaced the House Orange-Nassau as reigning House in Luxembourg after the death of King Willem III of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. So Elizabeth herself was half a Nassau via her mother.
Elizabeth's aunt Princess Helena von Nassau (1831-1888) married the Fürst von Waldeck und Pyrmont. Her daughter Emma, herself half a Nassau via her mother, would marry with the said King Willem III of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. This means Queen Elizabeth of Romania ("Carmen Sylva") was a full cousin of Queen Emma of the Netherlands.
Besides this, Princess Elizabeth's own brother Wilhelm, would marry Princess Marie of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, even more linking the Romanian Hohenzollerns closer to the Nassau dynasty, while there were already so many Nassau-Hohenzollern links.
Those were the times....
Last edited: Apr 22, 2014
Cory
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Friday, the 9th of May, at the Central University Library "Carol I " of Bucharest a Conference dedicated to the first Hohenzollern King with the title "Carol I- a Life dedicated to Romania":
Carol I, o viaţă dedicată României | Historia
Digi 24 spoke about King Carol I:
SPECIAL Digi24. Carol I, 48 de ani de domnie: „Totul pentru ?ar?, nimic pentru mine”
Last edited by a moderator: Mar 11, 2016
CyrilVladisla
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King Carol I was obliged to quell a peasant uprising in 1907 which claimed as many as 10,000 lives.
Last edited by a moderator: Nov 25, 2014
LadyFinn
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Public events dedicated to the centenary of the death of King Carol I, on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
Evenimentele publice dedicate centenarului morții Regelui Carol I Familia Regală a României Royal Family of Romania
Translation
Cory
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King Carol I in 1896:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pxnYQIaV5qY
Cory
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At the end of his reign Carol I was probably dissapointed about the reaction of the politicians and public opinion at the beginning of the first wold war.
Cory
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Queen Elisabeta was Lutheran all her life and she was very proud to be a member of the House of Hohenzollern. Why organizing then a 100 years anniversary from her passing away in a place she had never been, in a orthodox church and with no members of the Houses of Wied and Hohenzollern present?
We have to respect the religious affiliation of each person that passed away. It is normal to have the commemoration of a lutheran Queen in a Lutheran church. Queen Elisabeta had never visited Savarsin and the official residence of the Romanian King is in Bucharest not in Savarson, which is a private residence.
Queen Elisabeta was very proud to be a Hohenzollern but no Prince of Hohenzollern was invited.
Carol I of Hohenzollern was called to the Throne in 1866 to be a Head of State above Romanian politics,factions and families. What can we learn from what happened in 1866?
Still nothing in a Lutheran church for the late Luheran Queen.
Last edited by a moderator: Mar 11, 2016
MAfan
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I suppose that you are referring to the commemoration for the 100th anniversary of the death of Queen Elisabeth of Romania, organized on 18 February by the Romanian Royal Family at the Orthodox Curch of Săvârşin (the royal residence where the Crown Princess and Prince Radu are currently staying):
Centenarul morții Reginei Elisabeta a României
https://translate.google.it/translate?sl=ro&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=it&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.familiaregala.ro%2Fstiri%2Farticol%2Fcentenarul-mortii-reginei-elisabeta-a-romaniei&edit-text=
Just a guess: the commemoration took place in Romania because it was organized by the Romanian Royal Family for a late Queen of Romania; it took place in Săvârșin because the representatives of the Royal Family who attended it are currently residing there.
MAfan
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After the memorial celebrated at the Church of Savarsin on 18 February, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the death of Queen Elisabeth of Romania, on 20 February a concert took place in Bucharest as part of the commemoration.
The concert was organized by ANRM (National Alliance for the Restoration of the Monarchy) and the Association of Students of the National University of Music of Bucharest, with the support of the National University of Music which hosted the event.
During the concert were played musics by Queen Elisabeth's favourite composers (Johann Sebastian Bach, Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Joseph Haydn, Franz Schubert and George Enescu) and were read excerpts from the poems written by the Queen hereself under the pseudonym of Carmen Sylva.
The concert was attended by Princess Maria of Romania.
Concert extraordinar în memoria Reginei Elisabeta a României | Familia Regală a României / Royal Family of Romania
https://translate.google.com/transl...oria-reginei-elisabeta-a-romaniei/&edit-text=
Cory
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In 2016 there are 150 years of the Hohenzollern Dinasty in Romania. Which will be the best way to celebrate such event?
Cory
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What's your opinion about the dialogue of Carol I with his sister , the Countess of Flandre?
Cory
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Carol I did not have unfortunately the public Catholic Funerals like Queen Ana now.
CyrilVladisla
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King Carol I and Queen Elisabeth attended the 50th anniversary of the University of Bucharest.
Cory
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Queen Elisabeta translated some of Eminescu's poems even if the poet himself was not a great admirer of the Queen's literary works:
Elisabeta, regina-poetă care nu l-a înţeles pe Eminescu. „Regina găseşte «Luceafărul» o proastă imitaţie din Alecsandri, limba şi versurile rele (creer regal)“
Elisabeta, prima regină a României, a rămas cunoscută în istorie mai ales pentru preocupările sale literare, sub pseudonimul Carmen Sylva. Ambiţiile ei scriitoriceşti au adus-o în faţa lui Eminescu, la care a căutat apreciere şi înţelegere. Poetul nu...
eya
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A new Boeing737 with a blue color and the picture of King Carol I on it!
https://www.instagram.com/p/BlkjEQthzLC/?taken-by=familiaregalaaromaniei
CyrilVladisla
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Queen Elisabeth composed Die Woche in 1901.
http://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-el...ort-of-romania-2631881-10101914-47873447.html
Blog Real
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King Carol I of Romania with his nephew (Ferdinand) and grand-nephew (Carol). Circa 1905.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe..._Romania_with_his_nephew_and_great_nephew.jpg
CyrilVladisla
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King Carol I and Queen Elisabeth walked on a grassy hillside
http://www.gettyimages.com/license/108363189
CyrilVladisla
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According to Marie, Queen Consort of Ferdinand I, King of Romania (1875-1938) Carol I was "a man who lived solely to do his work and duty".
http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/carol_i_king_of_romania
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https://henrypoole.com/individual/hm-king-ferdinand-romania/
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HM King Ferdinand I of Romania
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2014-05-24T05:15:24+00:00
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HM King Ferdinand I of Romania (1865-1927) was born a Roman Catholic Prince of the House of Hohenzollern in Prussia. His father was Prince Leopold of
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Henry Poole Savile Row
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https://henrypoole.com/individual/hm-king-ferdinand-romania/
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HM King Ferdinand I of Romania (1865-1927) was born a Roman Catholic Prince of the House of Hohenzollern in Prussia. His father was Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and his mother the Infanta Antonia was the daughter of Queen Maria II of Portugal. King Carol I of Romania, a distant cousin, was childless so in 1889 Prince Ferdinand was appointed a Prince of Romania, heir apparent and was repatriated from Prussia to Romania’s capital Bucharest.
King Carol’s was a draconian court and his heir was strictly schooled in political economy, financial sciences, history and the law of the nations. Romanian historian Nicolae Iorga described the prince thus: ‘blonde, tall and slim with very mild deep blue eyes. His main feature was an extreme modesty mixed with an almost painful shyness. Very courteous and polite, he always bewared (sic) of offending someone’s feelings and gave up any argument even when he knew the subject in question better than those he discussed it with. He loved solitude, nature and art. He hated the pomp and the ceremonies but inherited from his mother a shy pride and a German respect for laws and forms. Gentle without selfishness, he was deeply loved by those who knew him’.
Prince Ferdinand’s dalliance with lady-in-waiting Elizabeth Vacarescu prompted a constitutional crisis and the exile of Queen Elizabeth of Rumania (who gave the dalliance her blessing) and the lady in question. In 1893 Prince Ferdinand was married-off to Princess Marie of Edinburgh, daughter of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and the Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia. Princess Marie’s grandparents were Queen Victoria and Tsar Alexander II of Russia making the alliance a powerful one for the future of Romania’s monarchy. Princess Marie bore three sons and three daughters; the latter two of which were allegedly illegitimate.
King Carol died in 1914 on the eve of World War I. Though King Ferdinand declared Romania neutral, he was persuaded by Queen Marie to side with the allies against the German Empire in 1916 resulting in Kaiser Wilhelm II striking his name from the Hohenzollern House Register. Romania fought bravely; halting the German army’s advance into Moldavia where the Court had retreated to after the Kaiser’s troops had occupied Bucharest. Rumania’s loyalty eared the country the territories of Moldavia, Bukovina and Transylvania. Overnight Romania leapt from a relatively small territory with a population of 7.7-million citizens to an empire of 17-million.
Queen Marie was a formidable woman who had in her youth rejected the proposal of the future King George V. As Queen of Romania she was much loved and much feared. It was said of her that few royal consorts wielded greater influence than did Queen Marie during the reign of her husband. Of the early years of marriage, Queen Marie said in her autobiography ‘it was such a shame that we had to waste so many years of our youth just to learn how to live together’. Of the mature relationship she wrote ‘we became the best associates, the most loyal companions but our lives intertwine only in certain matters’. Queen Marie’s many paramours were said to include Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich of Russia, Waldorf Astor and Prince Barbu Stirbey.
Such was Queen Marie’s influence that she attended the Paris Peace Conference in 1918 to negotiate the new territories for Romania and travelled on to London where she held talks with Winston Churchill, Lady Astor and her former swain King George V. In 1922 King Ferdinand and Queen Marie were crowned as monarchs of Greater Romania in a ceremony held in a cathedral specially built for the occasion in the Transylvanian city of Alba-Iulia. Queen Marie wore a crown specially made from Transylvanian gold set with pearls.
King Ferdinand’s eldest son and heir apparent Prince Carol proved to be a disappointment. In 1918 he eloped to the Ukraine with mistress Zizi Lambrino. The King declared the marriage annulled despite Labrino bearing the prince a son. In 1921 King Ferdinand and Queen Marie arranged for Prince Carol to marry Princess Elena of Greece and Denmark. Princess Elena did her duty and produced an heir, the future King Michael I of Romania, but Prince Carol absconded once again with the love of his life a Roman Catholic with a Jewish father named Magda Lupesca.
Prince Carol refused to renounce Magda Lupesca so King Ferdinand demanded he give-up the throne in favour of Prince Michael who was proclaimed king in 1927 under a Regency council when King Ferdinand succumbed to cancer. Prince Carol entered a morganatic marriage with Magda and in 1930 returned to Romania, deposed his son King Michael and took the throne as King Carol II. He reigned for a decade before pro-Nazi general Ion Antonescu staged a coup and reinstated Michael I as a puppet king. King Michael I would be the last ruler of Romania.
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https://www.geni.com/people/Carol-I-Rege-al-Rom%25C3%25A2niei-King-of-the-Romanians/6000000002130133237
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Carol I, Rege al României (King of the Romanians)
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2022-04-26T17:10:33-07:00
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Genealogy for King Carol I (Karl) Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (Hohenzollern, Sigmaringen), Regele Carol I al României, King of Romania (1839 - 1914) family tree on Geni, with over 260 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives.
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https://www.geni.com/people/Carol-I-Rege-al-Rom%C3%A2niei-King-of-the-Romanians/6000000002130133237
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Links:
The Peerage: http://thepeerage.com/p10175.htm#i101750
Geneall: http://www.geneall.net/W/per_page.php?id=5909
Predecessor Alexandru Ioan I:
Successor Ferdinand:
Wikipedia:
English: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_I_of_Romania
Deutsch: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_I._(Rum%C3%A4nien)
Carol I, born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, was the ruler of Romania from 1866 to 1914. He was elected Ruling Prince (Domnitor) of the Romanian United Principalities on 20 April 1866 after the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan Cuza by a palace coup d'état. In May 1877, he proclaimed Romania an independent and sovereign nation. The defeat of the Ottoman Empire (1878) in the Russo-Turkish War secured Romanian independence. He was proclaimed King of Romania on 26 March 1881. He was the first ruler of the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen dynasty, which ruled the country until the proclamation of a republic in 1947.
During his reign, Carol I personally led Romanian troops during the Russo-Turkish War and assumed command of the Russo/Romanian army during the siege of Plevna. The country achieved internationally recognized independence via the Treaty of Berlin, 1878 and acquired Southern Dobruja from Bulgaria in 1913. Domestic political life, still dominated by the country's wealthy landowning families organized around the rival Liberal and Conservative parties, was punctuated by two widespread peasant uprisings, in Wallachia (the southern half of the country) in April 1888 and in Moldavia (the northern half) in March 1907.
He married Princess Elisabeth of Wied in Neuwied on 15 November 1869. They only had one daughter, Maria, who died at the age of three.
Carol never produced a male heir, leaving his elder brother Leopold next in line to the throne. In October 1880 Leopold renounced his right of succession in favour of his son William, who in turn surrendered his claim six years later in favour of his younger brother, the future king Ferdinand.
Prince Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was born in Sigmaringen, the second son of Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and his wife, Princess Josephine of Baden. After finishing his elementary studies, Karl entered the Cadet School in Münster. In 1857 he was attending the courses of the Artillery School in Berlin. Up to 1866, when he accepted the crown of Romania, he was a Prussian officer. He took part in the Second Schleswig War, including the assault of the Fredericia citadel and Dybbøl, an experience which would be very useful to him later in the Russo-Turkish war.
Although he was quite frail and not very tall, prince Karl was reported to be the perfect soldier, healthy and disciplined, and also a very good politician with liberal ideas. He was familiar with several European languages. His family was closely related to the Bonaparte family (one of his grandmothers was a Beauharnais, Joséphine's niece-in-law, and the other a Murat, Joachim's niece Marie Antoinette Murat), and they enjoyed very good relations with Napoleon III of France.
The former Domnitor of united Romania, Alexandru Ioan Cuza, had been expelled from the country by the leading noblemen and Romania was in a political chaos. Cuza's double election, both in Wallachia and in Moldavia, had been the basis on which the Romanian Principalities' unification was recognized by the European powers. With him gone, the country was in danger of disintegration.
As Romanian politicians searched for a successor, Napoleon suggested Karl. Napoleon's recommendation weighed heavily with Romanian politicians of the time, since Romania was strongly influenced by French culture. Another factor was Karl's blood relation to the ruling Prussian family. Ion Brătianu was the Romanian politician who was sent to negotiate with Karl and his family the possibility of installing him on the Romanian throne.
Due to the political conflict between Prussia and the Austrian Empire, Karl travelled incognito by railroad from Düsseldorf to Baziaș, through Switzerland. He received there a Swiss passport from a Swiss public clerk, friend of his family, under the name of Karl Hettingen. From Baziaș he travelled by boat to Turnu Severin, as there was no railroad to Romania. As he crossed the border onto Romanian soil, he was met by Brătianu, who bowed before him and asked Karl to join him in his carriage. He was elected Domnitor on 20 April.
On 10 May 1866, Karl entered Bucharest. The news of his arrival had been transmitted by telegraph and he was welcomed by a huge crowd eager to see the new ruler. In Băneasa he was given the keys to the capital city. Eventually it was a rainy day after a long period of drought, apparently a very favorable sign. As he was crowned, Karl swore this oath: "I swear to guard the laws of Romania, to maintain the rights of its People and the integrity of its territory." He spoke in French, as he did not speak Romanian. However, he endeared himself to his adopted country by adopting the Romanian spelling of his name, Carol.
Immediately after arriving in the country, the Romanian parliament adopted, on 29 June 1866, the 1866 Constitution of Romania, one of the most advanced constitutions in that time. This constitution allowed the development and modernization of the Romanian state. In a daring move, the Constitution chose to ignore the nominal suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire, which paved the way towards de jure independence.
Article 82 stated that "The ruler's powers are hereditary, starting directly from His Majesty, prince Carol I of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, on the male line through the right of first-born, with the exclusion of women and their issue. His Majesty's descendants will be raised in the Eastern Orthodox Religion." It, like all but one of its successors, enshrined the principle that the king reigned, but did not rule.
In 1877, Romania was proclaimed independent, ending the fiction of Ottoman suzerainty that had existed since 1866. From 1878, Carol held the title of Royal Highness (Alteță Regală). On 15 March 1881, the constitution was amended to proclaim Romania a kingdom. Carol became the first king, while the heir-apparent or heir-presumptive would be called Prince Royal. On 10 May, Carol was crowned king.
King Carol was a cold man who was always focused on the prestige of the dynasty he had founded. His wife, Elizabeth, claimed he 'wore the crown in his sleep'. He was very meticulous and he tried to impose his style upon everyone that surrounded him. Though he was devoted to his job as Romania's ruler, he never forgot his German roots. In 48 years of rule—the longest in Romanian history—he helped Romania gain its independence, raised its prestige, helped redress its economy and established a dynasty. In the Carpathian mountains, he built Peleș Castle, still one of Romania's most visited touristic attractions. The castle was built in German style, as a reminder of the king's origin. After the Russo-Turkish war, Romania gained Northern Dobruja and Carol ordered the first bridge over the Danube, between Fetești and Cernavodă, linking the newly acquired province to the rest of the country.
A member of the German higher landed aristocracy (Fürst), Carol did not continue the modernizing policies initiated by his predecessor, Alexandru Ioan Cuza. Grave social problems caused in part by the inequity of land ownership continued unimpeded. Thus influencing peasant uprisings throughout Carol's reign. For example the 1907 Peasant's revolt which cost 10,000 lives.
The long rule of Carol helped the quick development of the Romanian state. But, towards the end of his reign and the start of World War I, Carol wanted to enter the war on the side of the Central Powers. However, Romanian public opinion was overwhelmingly Francophile and sided with the Triple Entente. Carol had signed a secret treaty in 1883 which had linked Romania with the Triple Alliance. Although the treaty was to be activated only if Russia attacked one of the signatories, Carol was convinced that the honourable thing to do was to enter the war supporting the German Empire and his cousin, Emperor William II.
On 3 August 1914, an emergency meeting was held with the Crown Council, where Carol told them about the secret treaty and shared his opinion with them. However, most of the Crown Council members strongly disagreed, opting for neutrality. King Carol died on 10 October 1914. The new king, Ferdinand (under the influence of his wife, Marie of Edinburgh, a British princess), was more willing to listen to public opinion.
When he was elected prince of Romania, Carol was unmarried. In 1869, the prince started a trip around Europe and mainly Germany, to find a bride. During this trip he met and married Princess Elizabeth of Wied at Neuwied on 15 November 1869. Their marriage was one of the most unfit matches in history, with Carol being a cold and calculating man while Elizabeth was a notorious dreamer. They had one child, Princess Maria, born in 1870, who died 9 April 1874. She had no prospect of inheriting her father's throne; as mentioned above, the Constitution limited succession to the male line. This led to the further estrangement of the royal couple, Elizabeth never completely recovering from the trauma of losing her only child.
After the proclamation of the Kingdom (1881), the succession was a very important matter of state. Since Carol's brother, Leopold (in 1880), and his oldest son, William (in 1886), declined their rights, the second son of Leopold, Ferdinand, was named prince of Romania and heir-presumptive to the throne, in 1886.
Towards the end of Carol's life, though, Carol and Elizabeth finally found a way to understand each other and were reported to have become good friends.
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https://trashyroyals.com/elisabeth-of-wied-first-queen-of-romania-and-literatures-carmen-sylva/
|
en
|
54. Elisabeth of Wied, First Queen of Romania, and Literature’s Carmen Sylva – Trashy Royals
|
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2024-04-11T00:01:00+00:00
|
en
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https://trashyroyals.com/elisabeth-of-wied-first-queen-of-romania-and-literatures-carmen-sylva/
|
However much ‘protocol’ may attempt to intervene, the truth is that eccentricity is a trait that even royals have. This is certainly the case for Elisabeth of Wied, a German princess who became Romania’s first queen, wife of Romania’s King Carol I.
Politics in Europe were extra complex in the latter half of the 19th century. In Russia, Tsar Alexander II had concluded his father’s Crimean War in 1856, but even with the defeat of Russia in the conflict, the Ottoman Empire was in retreat. As Ottoman influence waned, former vassal states, including what would become modern Romania, were shaped by the other great powers and their own internal politics, which led to the unification of several formerly Ottoman principalities into what is now Romania.
And what does a newly independent player on the European stage need? A royal house, of course! And wouldn’t you know it – the Germans had so many of those lying around that it was easy pickings to find some stuffy but qualified guy to ‘elect’ king. King Carol I was both a liberalizing influence on the new nation’s politics, as well as personally fastidious and, according to accounts, quite humorless.
Which must have been tough on his wife, Elisabeth, a flamboyant writer with an artist’s temperament who is better known by her nom de plum, Carmen Sylva. She was enough of a handful in the Romanian court that her husband once exiled her back to Germany for a couple of years, from which she sent letters to the Romanian Crown Prince’s wife, Marie of Edinburgh, that she hoped Marie’s forthcoming baby would turn out to be a girl!
Listen ad-free at patreon.com/trashyroyalspodcast.
Sources
Americans and Queen Marie of Romania: A Selection of Documents, by Diana Fotescu (Amazon.com)
The Story of my Life, by Marie Queen of Romania (Amazon.com)
The First King of Romania: King Carol I (tourinromania.com)
Elisabeth of Wied – The Princess of the Wild Rose (Part one) – History of Royal Women
Elisabeth of Wied – The Princess of the Wild Rose (Part two) – History of Royal Women
Elisabeth of Wied – The Princess of the Wild Rose (Part three) – History of Royal Women
HM King Ferdinand I of Romania – Henry Poole
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yago
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https://www.scribd.com/document/486798473/Carmen-Sylva-Elisabeta-de-Wied
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en
|
Carmen Sylva-Elisabeta de Wied
|
https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/document/486798473/original/b4d2276979/1724264175?v=1
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https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/document/486798473/original/b4d2276979/1724264175?v=1
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""
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"Nicoleta Tocitu"
] | null |
Carmen Sylva-Elisabeta de Wied - Free download as Word Doc (.doc), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. 1) Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise of Wied was Queen of Romania from 1881 until her death in 1916 as the wife of King Carol I. She was known by her pen name "Carmen Sylva" as a prolific writer.
2) As a young woman she was considered as a potential bride for the future King Edward VII of Britain but was not chosen. In 1869 she married Prince Carol of Romania and they had one daughter who died young.
3) As Queen, Carmen Sylva was a patron of education, charities and the Red Cross in Romania. She wrote extensively under her pen name in several languages and received literary honors for her works.
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https://s-f.scribdassets.com/scribd.ico?775752107?v=5
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Scribd
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https://www.scribd.com/document/486798473/Carmen-Sylva-Elisabeta-de-Wied
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yago
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http://royal-splendor.blogspot.com/2019/01/carmen-sylva-queen-elisabeth-of-romania.html
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Carmen Sylva: The Colorful Life of Queen Elisabeth of Romania
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[
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[
"HeritageCapiz.org"
] |
2019-01-18T11:49:00+08:00
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Queen Elisabeth of Romania also known as Carmen Sylva. Image from Wikimedia Commons Probably no other 20th century royal could m...
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en
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http://royal-splendor.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
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http://royal-splendor.blogspot.com/2019/01/carmen-sylva-queen-elisabeth-of-romania.html
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Everything you need to know about the world of royalty.
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https://www.pinterest.com/pin/prince-carol-of-romania-and-his-wife-zizi-lambrino-also-known-as-princess-ioana-zizi-was-a--816981188633070782/
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2019-05-04T14:02:36+00:00
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Prince Carol of Romania and his wife Zizi Lambrino, also known as Princess Ioana. Zizi was a commoner and the young couple's marriage horrified King Ferdinand of Romania. The king succeeded in annulling the marriage and separating his weak willed son from his wife.
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en
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Pinterest
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https://www.pinterest.com/pin/prince-carol-of-romania-and-his-wife-zizi-lambrino-also-known-as-princess-ioana-zizi-was-a--816981188633070782/
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https://www.posterazzi.com/pauline-elisabeth-ottilie-luise-zu-wied-1843-1916-queen-consort-of-romania-as-the-wife-of-king-carol-i-of-romania-also-known-her-literary-name-of-carmen-sylva-from-the-magazine-the-world-and-his-wife-published-1907-hilary-jane-morgan-vardpi12285910/
|
en
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Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise Zu Wied 1843 1916 Queen Consort Of Romania As The Wife Of King Carol I Of Romania Also Known Her Literary Name Of Carmen Sylva From The Magazine The World And His Wife
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[] | null |
Get More! Flat Rate Shipping! The Coolest Posters at Awesome Prices! Call 888-519-7195
|
en
|
Posterazzi
|
https://www.posterazzi.com/pauline-elisabeth-ottilie-luise-zu-wied-1843-1916-queen-consort-of-romania-as-the-wife-of-king-carol-i-of-romania-also-known-her-literary-name-of-carmen-sylva-from-the-magazine-the-world-and-his-wife-published-1907-hilary-jane-morgan-vardpi12285910/
|
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https://www.theroyalforums.com/threads/king-carol-i-1839-1914-and-elisabeth-zu-wied-aka-carmen-sylva-1843-1916.28154/
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en
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King Carol I (1839-1914) and Elisabeth zu Wied (aka Carmen Sylva) (1843-1916)
|
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[
""
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[
"McDonald Islands",
"A Country Italy"
] |
2006-04-15T04:18:09-04:00
|
In May there will be 140 since Prince Carol of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was crowned,(on 10th May) and I understand it will be some festivities.
|
en
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/data/assets/logo/icon_192_royalforums.png
|
The Royal Forums
|
https://www.theroyalforums.com/threads/king-carol-i-1839-1914-and-elisabeth-zu-wied-aka-carmen-sylva-1843-1916.28154/
|
mariacris
Aristocracy
Joined
Sep 23, 2005
Messages
131
City
*********
Country
Romania
In May there will be 140 since Prince Carol of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was crowned,(on 10th May) and I understand it will be some festivities.
Last edited by a moderator: Apr 15, 2006
Warren
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King Carol I (1839-1914) was born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, the second son of Karl Anton, Prince (Fürst) of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and his wife, Princess Josephine of Baden. He was elected Domnitor (Prince) of Romania on 20 April 1866 following the overthrow of Alexander John Cuza by a palace coup.
Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War Prince Carol was proclaimed King of Romania on 26 March 1881.
He married Elisabeth zu Wied (1843-1916), the daughter of Hermann, Prince (Fürst) zu Wied and Princess Marie of Nassau in Neuwied on 15 November 1869. Their only child was a daughter named Maria who died aged three in 1874. As "Carmen Sylva", she wrote poems, plays, novels, short stories, essays, collections of aphorisms etc in German, Romanian, French and English.
Images from Wikipedia Commons and not subject to copyright.
King Carol I
Queen Elisabeth
.
Last edited: Jul 10, 2010
Russophile
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Ah! Thanks for the info. Warren, "Born to Rule" did not make clear that she wrote under that name and used it interchangably throughout the book so it was a little unclear about who she was. At one point I thought there was a Queen and a mistress on the side named Carmen Sylva.
Cory
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Carol I did't have mistresses but Queen Elisabeta was a very peculiar person.
Weekly picture: the Carmen Sylva grand valse for piano « Diana Mandache's Weblog
This month will be launched in Germany the wonderful biography of Queen Elisabeta of Romania (born Princess Elisabeth von Wied) by Gabriel Badea-Paun:
Carte despre Regina Elisabeta a României, în limba german
Portrait Miniature: King Carol I of Romania | Diana Mandache Historian & Author
Commemoration: 140 years ago Maria of Hohenzollern died | Diana Mandache's Weblog
Last edited by a moderator: Mar 1, 2016
Cory
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Cory
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A new book about Carmen Sylva:
http://www.noblesseetroyautes.com/nr01/2011/06/livre-carmen-sylva-reine-elisabeth-de-roumanie/
Last edited: Jun 9, 2011
USCtrojan
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Where does Carmen Sylva come from? Did the queen call herself this?
USCtrojan
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Carol I did't have mistresses but Queen Elisabeta was a very peculiar person.
In what ways?
Cory
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Queen Elisabeth was rather an artist.
Duc_et_Pair
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Queen Elizabeth of Romania was closely related to both the Houses of the Nassau dynasty. Elizabeth's mother was Princess Marie von Nassau (1825-1902). In 1890 the House Nassau replaced the House Orange-Nassau as reigning House in Luxembourg after the death of King Willem III of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. So Elizabeth herself was half a Nassau via her mother.
Elizabeth's aunt Princess Helena von Nassau (1831-1888) married the Fürst von Waldeck und Pyrmont. Her daughter Emma, herself half a Nassau via her mother, would marry with the said King Willem III of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. This means Queen Elizabeth of Romania ("Carmen Sylva") was a full cousin of Queen Emma of the Netherlands.
Besides this, Princess Elizabeth's own brother Wilhelm, would marry Princess Marie of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, even more linking the Romanian Hohenzollerns closer to the Nassau dynasty, while there were already so many Nassau-Hohenzollern links.
Those were the times....
Last edited: Apr 22, 2014
Cory
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Friday, the 9th of May, at the Central University Library "Carol I " of Bucharest a Conference dedicated to the first Hohenzollern King with the title "Carol I- a Life dedicated to Romania":
Carol I, o viaţă dedicată României | Historia
Digi 24 spoke about King Carol I:
SPECIAL Digi24. Carol I, 48 de ani de domnie: „Totul pentru ?ar?, nimic pentru mine”
Last edited by a moderator: Mar 11, 2016
CyrilVladisla
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King Carol I was obliged to quell a peasant uprising in 1907 which claimed as many as 10,000 lives.
Last edited by a moderator: Nov 25, 2014
LadyFinn
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Public events dedicated to the centenary of the death of King Carol I, on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday.
Evenimentele publice dedicate centenarului morții Regelui Carol I Familia Regală a României Royal Family of Romania
Translation
Cory
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King Carol I in 1896:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pxnYQIaV5qY
Cory
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At the end of his reign Carol I was probably dissapointed about the reaction of the politicians and public opinion at the beginning of the first wold war.
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Queen Elisabeta was Lutheran all her life and she was very proud to be a member of the House of Hohenzollern. Why organizing then a 100 years anniversary from her passing away in a place she had never been, in a orthodox church and with no members of the Houses of Wied and Hohenzollern present?
We have to respect the religious affiliation of each person that passed away. It is normal to have the commemoration of a lutheran Queen in a Lutheran church. Queen Elisabeta had never visited Savarsin and the official residence of the Romanian King is in Bucharest not in Savarson, which is a private residence.
Queen Elisabeta was very proud to be a Hohenzollern but no Prince of Hohenzollern was invited.
Carol I of Hohenzollern was called to the Throne in 1866 to be a Head of State above Romanian politics,factions and families. What can we learn from what happened in 1866?
Still nothing in a Lutheran church for the late Luheran Queen.
Last edited by a moderator: Mar 11, 2016
MAfan
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I suppose that you are referring to the commemoration for the 100th anniversary of the death of Queen Elisabeth of Romania, organized on 18 February by the Romanian Royal Family at the Orthodox Curch of Săvârşin (the royal residence where the Crown Princess and Prince Radu are currently staying):
Centenarul morții Reginei Elisabeta a României
https://translate.google.it/translate?sl=ro&tl=en&js=y&prev=_t&hl=it&ie=UTF-8&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.familiaregala.ro%2Fstiri%2Farticol%2Fcentenarul-mortii-reginei-elisabeta-a-romaniei&edit-text=
Just a guess: the commemoration took place in Romania because it was organized by the Romanian Royal Family for a late Queen of Romania; it took place in Săvârșin because the representatives of the Royal Family who attended it are currently residing there.
MAfan
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After the memorial celebrated at the Church of Savarsin on 18 February, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the death of Queen Elisabeth of Romania, on 20 February a concert took place in Bucharest as part of the commemoration.
The concert was organized by ANRM (National Alliance for the Restoration of the Monarchy) and the Association of Students of the National University of Music of Bucharest, with the support of the National University of Music which hosted the event.
During the concert were played musics by Queen Elisabeth's favourite composers (Johann Sebastian Bach, Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Joseph Haydn, Franz Schubert and George Enescu) and were read excerpts from the poems written by the Queen hereself under the pseudonym of Carmen Sylva.
The concert was attended by Princess Maria of Romania.
Concert extraordinar în memoria Reginei Elisabeta a României | Familia Regală a României / Royal Family of Romania
https://translate.google.com/transl...oria-reginei-elisabeta-a-romaniei/&edit-text=
Cory
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In 2016 there are 150 years of the Hohenzollern Dinasty in Romania. Which will be the best way to celebrate such event?
Cory
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What's your opinion about the dialogue of Carol I with his sister , the Countess of Flandre?
Cory
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Carol I did not have unfortunately the public Catholic Funerals like Queen Ana now.
CyrilVladisla
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King Carol I and Queen Elisabeth attended the 50th anniversary of the University of Bucharest.
Cory
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Queen Elisabeta translated some of Eminescu's poems even if the poet himself was not a great admirer of the Queen's literary works:
Elisabeta, regina-poetă care nu l-a înţeles pe Eminescu. „Regina găseşte «Luceafărul» o proastă imitaţie din Alecsandri, limba şi versurile rele (creer regal)“
Elisabeta, prima regină a României, a rămas cunoscută în istorie mai ales pentru preocupările sale literare, sub pseudonimul Carmen Sylva. Ambiţiile ei scriitoriceşti au adus-o în faţa lui Eminescu, la care a căutat apreciere şi înţelegere. Poetul nu...
eya
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A new Boeing737 with a blue color and the picture of King Carol I on it!
https://www.instagram.com/p/BlkjEQthzLC/?taken-by=familiaregalaaromaniei
CyrilVladisla
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Queen Elisabeth composed Die Woche in 1901.
http://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-el...ort-of-romania-2631881-10101914-47873447.html
Blog Real
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King Carol I of Romania with his nephew (Ferdinand) and grand-nephew (Carol). Circa 1905.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe..._Romania_with_his_nephew_and_great_nephew.jpg
CyrilVladisla
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King Carol I and Queen Elisabeth walked on a grassy hillside
http://www.gettyimages.com/license/108363189
CyrilVladisla
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According to Marie, Queen Consort of Ferdinand I, King of Romania (1875-1938) Carol I was "a man who lived solely to do his work and duty".
http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/carol_i_king_of_romania
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http://royal-splendor.blogspot.com/2019/01/carmen-sylva-queen-elisabeth-of-romania.html
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Carmen Sylva: The Colorful Life of Queen Elisabeth of Romania
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2019-01-18T11:49:00+08:00
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Queen Elisabeth of Romania also known as Carmen Sylva. Image from Wikimedia Commons Probably no other 20th century royal could m...
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http://royal-splendor.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
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http://royal-splendor.blogspot.com/2019/01/carmen-sylva-queen-elisabeth-of-romania.html
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Everything you need to know about the world of royalty.
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https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/house-of-hohenzollern-sigmaringen-queen-elisabeth-elisabeth-of-wied/
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Queen Elisabeth (Elisabeth of Wied)
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2022-12-15T20:58:11+00:00
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Elisabeth of Wied (1843-1916), consort of King Carol I of Romania. Eldest child of Hermann, Prince of Wied and Princess Marie of Nassau. Married in 1869. Had demonstrated a facility for languages early in life and was an accomplished pianist, but her interests were literary, with a focus on poetry and folklore that developed in…
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Her-storic Royal Dress
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https://dressingroyalty.wordpress.com/house-of-hohenzollern-sigmaringen-queen-elisabeth-elisabeth-of-wied/
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Elisabeth of Wied (1843-1916), consort of King Carol I of Romania. Eldest child of Hermann, Prince of Wied and Princess Marie of Nassau. Married in 1869. Had demonstrated a facility for languages early in life and was an accomplished pianist, but her interests were literary, with a focus on poetry and folklore that developed in part from her exposure to Romanian legends and ballads. Was a prolific writer who went by the pen name of “Carmen Sylva.” Crowned as the first Queen of Romania in 1881, the year in which Romania was declared a kingdom.
Figure 1.1. Artist unknown, Queen Elisabeth of Romania, n.d., Roentgen-Museum Neuwied, Neuwied, source: Wikimedia Commons.
Princess Sophie of Prussia’s Trousseau (Part I)
Princess Sophie of Prussia (1870-1932) married Crown Prince Constantine of Greece (1868-1923) amid great pomp and splendour in Athens in 1889. Her wedding dress of imitation Venetian lace and silver brocade, which I discussed in my previous post, and her trousseau were worthy of a future Queen of the Hellenes, if the accounts in the…
Princess Sophie of Prussia’s Wedding Ensemble
On October 27, 1889, Princess Sophie of Prussia (1870-1932) married Crown Prince Constantine of Greece (1868-1923), also known as the Duke of Sparta, in Athens. The third daughter of Frederick III, German Emperor (1831-88) and Victoria, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom (1840-1901), the bride was also a granddaughter of Queen Victoria (1819-1901). The bridegroom,…
A Court Dress for New Year’s in Imperial Japan
On December 31st, most people like to gather together for the countdown to midnight, which customarily involves confetti, the descent of a crystal ball (in Times Square, New York), fireworks or the singing of “Auld Lang Syne,” or some combination of the above. In Imperial Japan, however, New Year’s eve must have seen many a…
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https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/elisabeth-of-wied/elisabeth-of-wied-the-princess-of-the-wild-rose-part-three/
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The Princess of the Wild Rose (Part three)
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2020-12-14T05:00:00+00:00
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Read part two here. Shortly after her arrival in Romania, Elisabeth came down with the measles, but luckily she recovered quite quickly. Early in 1870, Elisabeth learned that she was pregnant. She gave birth to a daughter named Marie on 8 September 1870, and the birth was celebrated with a 21-gun salute. Elisabeth became devoted [read more]
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History of Royal Women
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https://www.historyofroyalwomen.com/elisabeth-of-wied/elisabeth-of-wied-the-princess-of-the-wild-rose-part-three/
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Read part two here.
Shortly after her arrival in Romania, Elisabeth came down with the measles, but luckily she recovered quite quickly. Early in 1870, Elisabeth learned that she was pregnant. She gave birth to a daughter named Marie on 8 September 1870, and the birth was celebrated with a 21-gun salute. Elisabeth became devoted to her little daughter and her new country. She studied the Romanian language and became fluent in it.
But more tragedy was soon to come. On Palm Sunday, 5 April 1874, little Marie came down with scarlet fever and diphtheria. She became restless and refused to go to sleep, saying, “Oh! no, no! If I lie down, I shall go to sleep and never wake again.” The little girl continued to worsen over the next week. On 9 April, as little Marie gasped for air in the lap of her English nurse and her mother held her little hands, she passed away from the illnesses that had wracked her body. Elisabeth closed her daughter’s eyes and thanked the doctors for their care. She said, “God loved my child more than ever I did, and so He has taken it to Himself!”
During the following funeral, Karl helped to carry his daughter’s coffin down the stairs. The funeral service took place in the Church of Cotroceni where little Marie had been baptised just four years previously. At her mother’s request, her tombstone read the verse Luke 8:52 “Weep not; she is not dead, but sleepeth.” After her mother’s death, little Marie would be exhumed and reburied with her mother at the Cathedral of Curtea de Argeș. Elisabeth wrote to her mother after Marie’s death, “God has drawn my child to Himself in His love! May He eternally be praised for the great happiness which was mine! I would rather become a weeping rock like Niobe than never have been a mother! Yes, it is too much joy for one little human heart! My child is so happy, my love is stronger than the grave, and I can rejoice in its joy! There is so much to say about the little one, because she already had such marked characteristics, and was so independent, original, and charming. Still, she is mine for all eternity! I have not lost the high dignity of a mother because my child is separated from me. The great happiness which I enjoy is not too dearly bought with this great sorrow! The pain is a thousand times outweighed by the joy, for it was joy without a pang, and now it is joyful pain!” The people mourned with Elisabeth and Karl, often leaving flowers and wreaths on the little grave.
In deep grief, Elisabeth’s health suffered as a result and Karl was advised to take her to Franzensbad for a water cure. There she met a poet who began sending her his poems and she translated them into Romanian, giving her something to do. She found that the work kept her mind off her sorrows. Soon after leaving Franzensbad, Elisabeth went to see her mother in Cologne before travelling with her to England.
Upon her return to Romania, she and Karl soon fell back into a routine of audiences and business. However, war was looming, and during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, Elisabeth devoted herself to nursing. The war was also known as the Romanian War of Independence, and the declaration of the independence of Romania was announced to the people on 22 May 1877, followed by a Russian alliance. After the war, Elisabeth wrote, “I forgot my anxiety in the amount of work I had to get through. Let us thank God that Charles’ has returned, for now, I can creep back slowly into my nutshell, and return to my flowers, my birds, my books, and my papers. I think it is an anomaly and a misfortune when a woman is induced by circumstances to take part in public life. But there were many bright spots in this difficult time. God will surely help us, and a lasting peace will take away the anxiety which is gnawing at our hearts, and this important time will belong to the future, in which sorrow and suffering is modified, and the great results that are won thereby will be brought out into strong relief.”
On 24 March 1881, Romania was declared a kingdom by Act of Parliament and, as Elisabeth and Karl had no further children, Karl’s nephew Ferdinand was named prince of Romania and heir-presumptive to the throne. Elisabeth and Karl were now King and Queen of Romania. After their coronation day, she wrote, “We spoke with eight hundred people on that day, from eleven o’clock till half-past four, and at half-past eight we were again ‘sous les armes !’ Then came a procession of torches, and a drive round the town to see the illuminations. At last, I could not bow any more, but only wave with my handkerchief. Fortunately, they had stopped the cheering, as I could stand it no longer. This enormous and now silent crowd, which greeted us and nodded and waved in the most demonstrative manner, and the stamping of those feet and hoofs which one did not see, made a most weird and charming impression. Yes, from morning to night, the 22nd of May was a beautiful day!”
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https://www.superstock.com/asset/elisabeth-wied-wife-carol-romania/4220-4795
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en
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ELISABETH OF WIED Wife of Carol I of Romania
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2024-08-21T18:36:49.312000+00:00
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Stock image 4220-4795: ELISABETH OF WIED Wife of Carol I of Romania
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SuperStock
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https://www.superstock.com/asset/elisabeth-wied-wife-carol-romania/4220-4795
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Contact US
Phone: +44(0) 20 7036 1800
Email: help@superstock.com
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https://royalwatcherblog.com/2023/03/14/princess-marie-elisabeth-zu-wieds-diamond-tiara/
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en
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Princess Marie Elisabeth zu Wied’s Diamond Tiara
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2023-03-14T00:00:00
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Today marks the 110th Anniversary of the Birth of the Princess Marie Elisabeth zu Wied, who was born on this day in 1913! The daughter of the Second World War German Ambassador to Sweden, who then settled in Sweden, becoming a children’s book author and a close friend of the Swedish Royal Family, Princess Marie
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en
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The Royal Watcher -
|
https://royalwatcherblog.com/2023/03/14/princess-marie-elisabeth-zu-wieds-diamond-tiara/
|
Today marks the 110th Anniversary of the Birth of the Princess Marie Elisabeth zu Wied, who was born on this day in 1913! The daughter of the Second World War German Ambassador to Sweden, who then settled in Sweden, becoming a children’s book author and a close friend of the Swedish Royal Family, Princess Marie Elisabeth zu Wied was often seen wearing this heirloom Diamond Tiara!
A striking jewel of geometric circles and loops in a Belle Époque design, this Tiara dates from the 1910s, and seem to have been made for when Countess Gisela of Solms-Wildenfels married Prince Viktor zu Wied in 1912, as it was worn on their wedding day.
Princess Gisela also wore the Tiara for an event at a later date, possibly after Prince Viktor was made the German Envoy to Sweden in 1933, a post which he held until 1943, passing away in 1946 in British captivity.
After the Second World War, the Diamond Tiara was usually seen on Princess Marie Elisabeth zu Wied, the elder daughter of Prince Viktor and Princess Gisela, who had settled in Sweden following her father’s death and become close to the Swedish Royal Family, with Princess Christina encouraging Princess ‘Malibeth’ as she was called by the family, to publish her stories in what became ten children’s books. Princess Marie Elisabeth zu Wied notably wore the Diamond Tiara during the British State Visit to Sweden in 1956 as well as for the Order of Amaranth Ball, alongside numerous Gala Events and Banquets, as well as a few portraits, like the one published on the cover of her autobiography: ‘En fläkt från det förgångna’
Princess Marie Elisabeth was a regular presence at various Banquets held at the Royal Palace of Stockholm through the 1960s and the 1970s, wearing the Diamond Tiara for Representation Dinners and Nobel Banquets, as well as for King Gustaf VI Adolf’s 90th Birthday Banquet in 1972, at the Wedding of Princess Christina of Sweden in 1974, and likely for King Carl XVI Gustaf’s Wedding Gala 1976.
Princess Marie Elisabeth continued to remain close the the Swedish Royal Family in old age, with her last appearance in the Diamond Tiara at a Representation Dinner at the Royal Palace of Stockholm in early March 1985, just a few weeks before she passed away that month. The Princess never married and had no children, but her only sister, Princess Benigna, Freiin von Schlotheim, had two daughters, and the Tiara could have been inherited by them, but its fate is unknown!
A huge thanks to our friend Jakob for his help in researching this article!
Share this:
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https://histclo.com/royal/rom/rr-c2.htm
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https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57146
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en
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Carol I of Romania
|
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King of Romania from 1881 to 1914
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en
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/static/apple-touch/wikidata.png
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https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57146
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King of Romania from 1881 to 1914
Prince Karl of HohenzollernSigmaringen
King Carol I of Romania
Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig
Carol
Charles I
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https://www.romanianculture.org/personalities/romanian_royal_family.htm
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en
|
Romanian Personalities
|
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King Michael I of Romania
(1921 - 2017, Reigned 1927-1930 and 1940 - 1947)
Photograph of King Michael as a child of eight on the royal terrace at Sinaia.
Michael I (born 25 October 1921 â died 5 December 2017) was the last King of Romania, reigning from 20 July 1927 to 8 June 1930 and again from 6 September 1940 until his abdication on 30 December 1947. Michael was born in Sinaia, Romania, the son of King Carol II (then Crown Prince of Romania) and Princess Elena of Greece. He was the grandson of then-reigning King Ferdinand I.  He married Princess Anne of Bourbon-Parma in 1948 with whom he had five daughters and eventually settled in Switzerland.Â
King Michael had two periods as the reigning monarch of Romania : the first was from 20 July 1927 â 8 June 1930, after his father’s forced renunciation of the throne, as a minor he reigned with a Regency Council. The second period of reign was from 6 September 1940 â 30 December 1947, after his father, King Carol, was deposed, until he was forced to abdicate and go into exile by the Communists. Nicolae Ceausescu's communist dictatorship was overthrown in 1989 and the following year Michael attempted to return to Romania, only to be arrested and forced to leave upon arrival. In 1992, Michael was allowed to visit Romania for Easter where he was greeted by huge crowds; a speech he gave from his hotel window drew an estimated one million people to Bucharest. Alarmed by Michael's popularity, the government refused to allow him any further visits. In 1997, after the presidential elections of the previous year, Michael's citizenship was restored and he was allowed to visit Romania again. Several confiscated properties, such as Peles Castle and Savarsin Castle were eventually returned to his family.
Please click on the following link to read an obituary from The Telegraph from 7 December 2017.
King Carol II of Romania
(1893 - 1953, reigned 1930 - 1940)
King Carol II is seen on the right in this photograph, wearing medals, with a Romanian army, British-made Tank in 1940
King Ferdinand I of Romania
(1865-1927, reigned 1914 - 1927)
King Ferdinand I of Romania photographed in 1925
Carmen Sylva
(1843-1916) Poet and Queen of Romania (Regina Elisabeta)
Carmen Sylva
(H.M. Queen Elisabeth of Romania)
Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise zu Wied (Schloss Monrepos, Neuwied, 29 December 1843 - Curtea de ArgeÅ or Bucharest, 3 March/2 November 1916) was the Queen Consort of King Carol I of Romania, widely known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva.
Born in Neuwied, she was the daughter of German Prince Hermann of Wied and his wife Marie, daughter of Wilhelm, Duke of Nassau (and sister of Grand Duke Adolphe of Luxembourg). She was a prospective bride for Edward VII of the United Kingdom, then Prince of Wales. She first met the future king of Romania at Berlin in 1861, and was married to him on 15 November 1869 in Neuwied. Her only child, a daughter, Maria, died in 1874.
In the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 she devoted herself to the care of the wounded, and founded the Order of Elizabeth (a gold cross on a blue ribbon) to reward distinguished service in such work. She fostered the higher education of women in Romania, and established societies for various charitable objects.
Early distinguished by her excellence as a pianist, organist and singer, she also showed considerable ability in painting and illuminating; but a lively poetic imagination led her to the path of literature, and more especially to poetry, folk-lore and ballads. In addition to numerous original works she put into literary form many of the legends current among the Romanian peasantry.
She was the 835th Dame of the Royal Order of Queen Maria Luisa.
Wikipedia contributors, 'Elisabeth of Wied', Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 13 November 2008, 04:54 UTC, <http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elisabeth_of_Wied&oldid=251497414>
A signed photo of Queen Elizabeth of Romania (the authoress 'Carmen Sylva')
A letter written on behalf of Queen Elizabeth of Romania (the authoress 'Carmen Sylva') by her Private Secretary in August, 1907.
Queen Marie
(1875-1938) Writer
Marie of Romania in a photograph used by the English press in October 1914, just after she became Queen.
Princess Marie of Edinburgh (Marie Alexandra Victoria; later Queen of Romania; 29 October 1875 – 10 July/18 July 1938) was a member of the British Royal Family who became the queen consort of Ferdinand I of Romania.
She was born on October 29, 1875, at Eastwell Park in Kent, the eldest daughter of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia. Her father was the second-eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Her mother was the only surviving daughter of Alexander II of Russia and Maria Alexandrovna of Hesse. She was baptised in the Private Chapel of Windsor Castle on December 15, 1875 and her godparents were the Empress and Tsarevitch of Russia, the Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the Princess of Wales and the Duke of Connaught. As her father was in the Royal Navy she spent much of her time abroad, particularly in Malta.
In her youth, Princess Marie was considered a suitable match for marriage to the royalty of Europe. Her first cousin, Prince George of Wales, later King George V, fell in love with her and proposed marriage. Marie's father and George's father approved of the marriage, but Marie's mother disdained the British Royal Family and was keen to see her daughters marry outside its court.
Princess Marie married Crown Prince Ferdinand of Romania, nephew of King Carol I of Romania in Sigmaringen, Germany on 10 January 1893. The bride was 17 years old and the groom was 10 years her senior. (Marie's father did not become Duke of Coburg-Gotha until a few months later.) The marriage, which produced three daughters and three sons, was not a happy one. Her correspondence with her longtime secret confidante, the American dancer Gerte Fuller, revealed "the distaste, which grew to revulsion" that Marie felt for her husband.[2] The last two children were born after Marie met her long-time lover, Barbu Åtirbey, and historians generally agree that Prince Mircea was his son (having brown eyes like Åtirbey, unlike Marie and Ferdinand),[3] while Ileana's paternity is under discussion, as was her second daughter, Princess Maria,the future Queen of Yugoslavia (known as Mignon) Their eldest sons, Carol and Nicholas, and eldest daughter, Elisabeth, were quite certainly biologically Ferdinand's.
Queen Anne of Romania
(b 18 September 1923 died 1 August 2016
Queen Anne, consort of King Michael of Romania
Please click on the following link to read an obituary from The Telegraph Website from 1st August 2016
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2016/08/01/queen-anne-of-romania--obituary/
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http://www.zuwied.de/english/romania_en.htm
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en
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Elisabeth Prinzessin zu Wied, Queen of Romania alias Carmen Sylva
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http://www.zuwied.de/zuwied.ico
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Elizabeth, 1843-1916, queen of Romania, consort of King Carol I, whom she married in 1869. Of German birth, she was the daughter of Hermann (1814-1864), prince of Wied. She completely identified herself with her adopted people and devoted herself to their cultural development. Under the pseudonym Carmen Sylva the queen wrote extensively and with almost equal facility in German, French, English, and Romanian. She collaborated on several books with her lady-in-waiting, Mite Kremnitz.
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https://www.album-online.com/detail/en/ZjViYTg2MA/elisabeth-wied-1843-1916-queen-consort-romania-as-wife-king-alb1708585
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en
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1916). Queen consort of Romania as the wife of King Carol I of Romania. Known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva.
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Download this stock image (alb1708585) from album-online.com - Elisabeth of Wied (1843-1916). Queen consort of Romania as the wife of King Carol I of Romania. Known by her literary name of Carmen Sylva.
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Album
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https://open.spotify.com/artist/1F6UqdQroYN49Dlv9PzpKh
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Elisabeth of Wied, Queen Consort of King Carol I of Romania
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Listen to Elisabeth of Wied, Queen Consort of King Carol I of Romania on Spotify. Artist · 2 monthly listeners.
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Spotify
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https://open.spotify.com/artist/1F6UqdQroYN49Dlv9PzpKh
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https://en.peles.ro/historical-figures/queen-elisabeth/
|
en
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Queen Elisabeth – Peles National Museum
|
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en
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https://en.peles.ro/historical-figures/queen-elisabeth/
|
Princess Pauline Elisabeth Ottilie Luise of Wied, the first Queen of Romania, was born on December 29,1843, at Monrepos castle in Neuwied, Germany. Her parents were Hermann, Prince of Wied and Princess Marie of Nassau.
Since her childhood, Elisabeth studied classical languages, French and English literature, philosophy, history, grammar and proved an extraordinary talent for the foreign languages: Italian, French, English, Swedish and Russian. At the same time, she took piano lessons with Claire Schumann and Anton Rubinstein. Her education was accomplished by studying Philosophy at Budapest and Heidelberg Universities and painting at Berlin Beaux-Arts Academy.
In 1869, Elisabeth married Carol of Hohenzollern – Sigmaringen and one year later, their child, Princess Marioara, was born. The parents’ joy was short, Marioara died at the age of four years old of scarlet fever. After her daughter’s loss, Elisabeth’s life would be put in the service of her foster people. Her work during the War of Independence (1877-1878) is well-known: she was the patron of the Romanian Red Cross and was called by the soldiers ,,the Mother of Wounded”. At the same time, she founded schools, charitable organisations and hospitals and developed an extensive patronage of arts. Elisabeth discovered and financially sustained young talented people or well-known Romanian and foreign artists. The Romanian musicians George Enescu and Dumitru Dinicu, the painter Nicolae Grigorescu and the writers Elena Văcărescu, I.L.Caragiale and Vasile Alecsandri benefited by Elisabeth’s attention and benevolence.
At the Royal Palace, in Bucharest, and at the Peles castle, in Sinaia, she used to organize literary and musical soirées where artists such as Pierre Loti, Pablo de Sarasate, Gabrielle-Charlotte Reju, called Réjane, Eleonora Duse and Sarah Bernhardt were invited.
Queen Elisabeth was also a prolific author. Novels, essayes, burlesques, plays, fairy tales and translations from the Romanian folklore were written by herself, under the pen-name Carmen Sylva – The Song of the Forest. For The Thoughts of a Queen, the French Academy awarded her the famous literary award Botta, and she received the honorary title The Bard of Wales, in 1890.
Charitable Organizations founded by Queen Elisabeth
Elena Doamna Asylum: a project initiated by Elena Rosetti Cuza, the wife of former United Principalities ruler Al.I.Cuza, in 1862.The young Princess Elisabeth, generously offered her personal savings, 12 000 francs, to build, in the asylum’s precinct, a chapel whose construction started in 1870.
Six years later, she founded the National Romanian Red Cross Organization. At the beginning of the War of Independence, along with General Carol Davila, sanitarian of the Romanian service, she founded the ambulance service and in the vicinity of Cotroceni Palace, in Bucharest, with her own money, 36 000 francs, two barracks for wounded are built and Cotroceni train station was transformed into a hospital.
The Institute of the Sisters of Charity founded in 1879, from her personal revenue.
The Organization ,,Queen Elisabeth’’: founded in 1893, in order to medicate c. 17 000 poor people/year, to dispense free medicaments and to monitor the poor families situation.
The Polyclinic ,,Queen Elisabeth’’: founded in 1895 under the honorary patronage of the Queen, in order to give free consultations to poor people.
Queen Elisabeth understood the huge potential of the Romanian traditional culture. Amazed by the beauty of the national costume, she used to wear it and promote it at the Royal Court. She encouraged the local industry’s development and also contributed to the social emancipation of the Romanian women. Concordia Society was founded in order to encourage the Romanian textile industry’s development. The embroideries made within it were appreciated by the famous Fashion Houses from Paris and London. In 1905, at Marsan Pavilion an embroideries exhibition called ,,Carmen Sylva Embroideries” was open. The French press appreciatively wrote about it.
Munca Society founded in 1885 in order to help the poor women, invalid women, widows and housewives.
Queen Elisabeth also founded, on the Royal Peles Estate, the Arts and Crafts Workshops where most of the furniture to decorate the Peles castle (1875-1883) were made.
Due to the Queen, Romania participated at the Universal Exhibitions organized in Paris, in 1867, 1889 and 1900, where traditional products, embroideries, tapestries and national costumes were exhibited. In 1912, Queen Elisabeth organized at Berlin an exhibition entitled ,,The women involved in arts and crafts”, with large echoes in the international press.
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FamilySearch.org
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Discover your family history. Explore the world’s largest collection of free family trees, genealogy records and resources.
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https://abctravelromania.com/women-that-changed-the-world/
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Women that changed the world
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As we celebrate women this month we cannot skip honoring some women that accomplished greatness through their actions in either leading and ruling, research, art, education, or sports. We will mention women that changed history for Romania or even for the entire world. Some of them acted bravely in a time when women should not …
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https://abctravelromania.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/favicon-1.ico
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ABC Travel Romania
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https://abctravelromania.com/women-that-changed-the-world/
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As we celebrate women this month we cannot skip honoring some women that accomplished greatness through their actions in either leading and ruling, research, art, education, or sports. We will mention women that changed history for Romania or even for the entire world. Some of them acted bravely in a time when women should not be brave, some were loved and some were hated.
Our history has been a history of wars and revolutions, of great kings and rulers. But next to these great rulers there were great women that made decisions that sometimes saved the day.
During the medieval period the Ottoman Empire was conquering and ravaging Europe , including Romania. The Romanian principalities were fighting with the ottomans to keep them out and with the boyars to keep them from stealing and plotting. Lady Chiajna was the granddaughter of one of the bravest Romanian ruler that battled the Turks, Stephan the Great. She married the ruler of the Romanian Country, Mircea the Sheppard, who was known mostly for butchering boyars. After his death she assumed ruling and became her son’s tutor to prepare his to ascend the throne. She kept the Ottomans quiet by sending gifts of treasure and by arranging marriages with her daughters. Despite this she was a great mother, forgiving her daughters mistakes when they would choose another husband than the one they were promised to.
Another great royal woman was none other than Queen Elisabeth of Romania (first photo) (Elisabeth Pauline Ottilie Luise zu Wied) aka. Carmen Silva (her pen name). She was the first queen of Romania, wife of King Carol I, she was a poet, an artist, a goddess of arts. She had only one child, Marioara, who unfortunately died of scarlet fever at the age of 4. The queen was deeply involved in the Independence War in 1877, opening charity hospitals, and strengthening the health system. She would go herself on the front lines and treat wounded soldiers, for which she was called mother of the wounded. Queen Elisabeth was the first noble woman who appreciated the value of the traditional arts, and wore the traditional costume, that was considered until her a peasant fashion. She noticed the touristic potential of Romania and organized campaigns to promote her adoptive country. She had the Orient Express stop in Sinaia train station, where she would great guests and invite them at the Peles and Pelisor Castle, places that today are visited by millions of tourists every year.
The Pelisor Castel was constructed as a wedding gift from Carol I and Elisabeth, to heir couple Ferdinand and Maria. The new queen, Marry of Romania (second photo) shared many of the values of her predecessor, being foreign also (born Maria Alexandra Victoria de Saxa-Coburg, granddaughter of Queen Victoria of Britain), she would fall in love with Romania and her people. She would also be seen wearing the traditional Romanian costumes, especially when staying at the Bran Castle, that she renovated herself. Just like Elisabeth, she would dedicate her time to visiting and opening new hospitals, caring for soldiers during WWI that were wounded or afflicted with cholera, together with her 3 daughters. It is said that she is the one that ruled and not Ferdinand, her husband the king being somewhat of a pushover. Until today the Romanians still love the last queen of Romania.
In history there were other women that were queens in their own way, like Smaranda Braescu (forth photo), aka The Queen of the Air, the first Romanian female pilot, or other women with noble blood that had amazing accomplishments, like Martha Bibescu (third photo), wife of Prince George Bibescu , she was a great artist, poet, politician, the first woman Mason of Romania, and one of the most beautiful woman of her time. She was sister in law of Ana de Noailles, Romanian and French poet, a representative of the Belle Époque, and first woman commander of the Legion of Honor.
There were other women that led in other ways and showed great strength and power, women like Ana Ipatescu , member of the revolutionary faction “The Brotherhood” that had a great influence in the revolution of 1848, or Ecaterina Teodoroiu, a scout who starts of as a nurse on the frontline of WWI until her brother dies in battle and she decides that she has to serve in his place. She was given the command of a platoon as a sub lieutenant, she led many battles to victory, escaped on her own when captured by the Germans, and died bravely at the front of her platoon. Another brave woman was Elisabeta Rizea, an anti-communist revolutionary. She was a peasant who was arrested as enemy of the nation and imprisoned in Pitesti where she was tortured to give up the names and location of other militants. She was burnt, beaten with a shove, starved, hanged by her hair, scalped, electrocuted and raped, but she never said a word. After 12 years she was released. She died in 2003.
There are many women who deserve recognition like Ana Aslan, Romanian geriatrics doctor and researcher who created the Gerovital brand, Elisa Zamfirrescu, the first woman engineer in the world, Sofia Ionescu, first neurosurgeon in the world, Smaranda Gheorghiu first woman to go the North Pole, Marie Curie, first woman to win the Nobel prize and not the forget Nadia Comaneci (fifth photo), the first gymnast to score a perfect 10.
Have a beautiful spring ladies, you deserve it!
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https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/carol-i-of-romania
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Getty Images
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Getty Images Deutschland. Finden Sie hochauflösende lizenzfreie Bilder, Bilder zur redaktionellen Verwendung, Vektorgrafiken, Videoclips und Musik zur Lizenzierung in der umfangreichsten Fotobibliothek online.
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https://royal.myorigins.org/p/Princess_Elisabeth_of_Wied/
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Princess Elisabeth of Wied, Queen consort of Romania
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Birth29.12.1843 in Schloss Monrepos, NeuwiedDeath2.3.1916 (72 years)FatherPrince Hermann of WiedMotherPrincess Marie of Nassau MarriageKing Carol I of Romania
Wedding: 15.11.1869 in NeuwiedChildrenPrincess Maria of Romania
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Carmen Sylva
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Type: Person, Gender: Female, Born: 1843-12-29 in Neuwied, Died: 1916-03-02, Area: Romania
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https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/carol-i-the-first-king-of-romania/65341671
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Carol I, The first King of Romania
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2016-08-25T04:14:50+00:00
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Carol I, The first King of Romania - Download as a PDF or view online for free
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https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/favicon.7bc3d920.ico
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https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/carol-i-the-first-king-of-romania/65341671
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Karl I of Romania, also known as Carol I, was born in 1839 in Prussia. He became the prince of Romania in 1866 and helped establish Romania as an independent and sovereign nation. As prince and later as king of Romania from 1881 until his death in 1914, Carol I oversaw Romania gain independence from the Ottoman Empire, established the Romanian economy, and built important infrastructure like Peles Castle and the first bridge across the Danube River. Though his marriage was described as ill-fitted, Carol I dedicated himself fully to his duties and was devoted to developing Romania.
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https://people.com/royals/all-about-greek-royal-family-tree/
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Meet the Greek Royals: All About the Modern Princes and Princesses of the Former Monarchy
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] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Catherine Santino",
"www.facebook.com"
] |
2023-05-05T16:40:20-04:00
|
Greece's royal family was previously led by King Constantine II before the monarchy was abolished in 1973. Here's a guide to the family's modern royals, from Crown Prince Pavlos to Princess Maria-Olympia.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Peoplemag
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https://people.com/royals/all-about-greek-royal-family-tree/
|
Though they are no longer legally recognized, the members of the Greek royal family remain prominent figures in society.
Beginning with King George I in 1863, the monarchy ruled in Greece until 1924, and again from 1935 to 1973. The last king of Greece, Constantine II, took the throne at age 23 after the death of his father, Paul I, in 1964. After only a few years in power, however, King Constantine was forced to flee the country after a right-wing military dictatorship staged a coup in 1967.
Following an unsuccessful counter-coup from the king and his supporters, Constantine left for Rome and eventually relocated to London, living in exile for many years with his wife, Queen Anne-Marie, and their children. The monarchy was officially abolished in 1973, but Constantine did not return to Greece permanently until 2013. Instead, he and his family lived for many years in Hampstead Garden Suburb in London, where he was said to have close ties to now King Charles III.
Even after the king's death in 2023, his surviving wife goes by the title of Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, and other members of the family still stylize themselves with royal titles.
Constantine and Anne-Marie's five children — Alexia, Pavlos, Nikolaos, Theodora and Philippos — and nine grandchildren continue to represent the now-defunct Greek monarchy. As the first son, Pavlos is his father's heir and holds the symbolic title of the crown prince.
While many of the royal family members still live in Europe, others have moved to the U.S. to pursue their education and careers like acting, modeling and entrepreneurship.
Keep reading for everything to know about Greece's royal family.
King Constantine II
Constantine II, the last king of Greece, was born in Athens, Greece, on June 2, 1940, to King Paul and Frederica of Hanover. Paul was the late Prince Philip's first cousin and Constantine was reportedly close with his second cousin King Charles. He also became godfather to Prince William.
Constantine went to boarding school and attended the three branches of military academies before studying law at the University of Athens. In 1960, he won a gold medal in sailing at the Rome Olympics and later became a member of the International Olympic Committee.
Following the death of his father in March 1964, Constantine succeeded the throne at age 23. He married Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark on Sept. 18, 1964, and the couple went on to welcome five children: Alexia, Pavlos, Nikolaos, Theodora and Philippos.
King Constantine and Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou came into power around the same time, and the two men clashed often. In April 1967, a military regime known as the Greek junta (or Regime of the Colonels) led a coup; the junta arrested Papandreou, and the king bartered an agreement with the group by recognizing their government. But Constantine had a tenuous relationship with the junta, and in December 1967, he attempted to overthrow their military forces.
When it became clear that the king's coup was failing, Constantine and his family flew to Rome. The Greek monarchy was eventually abolished in 1973, and the junta collapsed just over a year later. Constantine lived in exile in the Hampstead Garden Suburb of London with his family for many years. He returned to Greece in 2013.
On Jan. 10, 2023, Constantine died of a stroke at age 82 in Athens.
A memorial service of Thanksgiving was held at St. George's Chapel in Windsor Castle on Feb. 27, 2024. While members of the British royal family did attend, led by Queen Camilla, Prince William wasn't one of them, despite being scheduled to read at the ceremony. Before the service began, William pulled out due to a personal matter, according to Kensington Palace.
Queen Anne-Marie
Queen Anne-Marie was born Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark on Aug. 30, 1946, in Copenhagen to King Frederick IX of Denmark and Queen Consort Ingrid of Sweden.
18-year-old Anne-Marie married Constantine in Athens in September 1964, making her the first Danish princess to marry a reigning monarch since 1680, according to the New York Times.
Just three years after she and Constantine were wed, they were forced into exile, and her wedding dress was lost in the Tatoi Palace archives. But in November 2023, Town & Country reported that the dress was found again, per a Greek journalist.
"Here is the wedding dress of Queen Anne-Marie located in Tatoi, where a few days ago it was revealed among the personal belongings of the royal family preserved and kept there," Megos wrote on Instagram in the caption in Greek.
The couple welcomed five children: Alexia, Pavlos, Nikolaos, Theodora and Philippos, all of whom are princes and princesses of both Greece and Denmark, though they don't appear in Denmark's line of succession.
At her husband's funeral in January 2023, Anne-Marie wore the same diamond cross necklace she debuted on their wedding day.
Crown Prince Pavlos
Crown Prince Pavlos was born on May 20, 1967, at the Tatoi Palace north of Athens. He is the first son and second child of Constantine and Anne-Marie, making him his father's heir. Following Constantine's death in 2023, Pavlos became the head of the Royal House of Greece.
In 1995, he married American heiress Marie-Chantal Miller. The couple share five children: Maria-Olympia, Constantine-Alexios, Achileas-Andreas, Odysseas-Kimon and Aristides-Stavros. The family has lived in New York City, London and Greenwich, Connecticut.
Pavlos is a co-founder and managing member of the hedge fund Ortelius Advisors.
Crown Princess Marie-Chantal
Crown Princess Marie-Chantal, née Miller, was born on Sept. 17, 1968, in London to American billionaire Robert Warren Miller and María Clara "Chantal" Pesantes Becerra.
She grew up in London, Hong Kong and N.Y.C. and studied for one year at New York University, but she dropped out when she became engaged to Pavlos.
In 2000, Marie-Chantal began her eponymous children's clothing line, and in 2019, she released an etiquette book, Manners Begin at Breakfast.
Princess Maria-Olympia
Princess Maria-Olympia, who goes by Olympia, was born on July 25, 1996, in N.Y.C. and is the oldest child of Pavlos and Marie-Chantal.
Olympia attended boarding school in Switzerland and graduated from NYU in 2019 after studying fashion and business. Post-graduation, Olympia became a model and a fashion "it" girl, working with brands like Michael Kors and Dolce & Gabbana.
According to an interview with the Telegraph, Olympia began dating publishing heir Peregrine Pearson in 2020. In April 2022, she attended Sofia Richie's star-studded wedding in the South of France.
Prince Constantine-Alexios
Prince Constantine-Alexios was born on Oct. 29, 1998, in N.Y.C. and is the second child and eldest son of Pavlos and Marie-Chantal. He is also one of Prince William's godsons.
Constantine attended Wellington College in England for secondary school, graduating in 2017. He then enrolled at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., and graduated in May 2022.
In 2019, Constantine and his father modeled for photographer Nikolai von Bismarck's book The Dior Sessions, but he doesn't appear to have done any modeling since. The young prince has more than 100,000 followers on Instagram, where he shares his photography.
Prince Achileas-Andreas
Prince Achileas-Andreas was born in N.Y.C. on Aug. 12, 2000, and is the third child of Pavlos and Marie-Chantal.
Following in his older sister's footsteps, Achileas enrolled as a student at NYU. In addition to his studies, the prince is also an actor, having made his TV debut in 2018 on The Bold and the Beautiful. On Instagram, Achileas occasionally shares photos — including a sweet tribute to his grandfather King Constantine after his death in early 2023 — with his over 450,000 followers.
Prince Odysseas-Kimon
Prince Odysseas-Kimon was born on Sept. 17, 2004, in London. He is the fourth child of Pavlos and Marie-Chantal and shares a birthday with his mother.
In a December 2022 Instagram post, Marie-Chantal shared that Odysseas solidified an early decision acceptance at his "dream University," though she did not specify which school.
The teenager also runs a streetwear apparel line called Gallows Humour.
Prince Aristides-Stavros
Prince Aristides-Stavros was born on June 28, 2008, in Los Angeles and is the youngest child of Pavlos and Marie-Chantal.
In April 2021, Marie-Chantal shared an Instagram photo of her youngest son and wrote, "My littlest is growing up!"
Princess Alexia
Pavlos' older sister, Princess Alexia, was born on July 10, 1965, in Greece and is the first child of Constantine and Anne-Marie.
Along with her siblings, Alexia grew up in exile and lived in Rome and London. She attended the University of Surrey's Froebel College in London and received a bachelor's degree in history and education in 1985. She later completed a graduate certificate in education, according to the royal family's official website.
In 1999, she married architect Carlos Morales Quintana in London. The couple share four children: Arrietta, Anna-Maria, Carlos and Amelia Morales y de Grecia. The family currently lives in the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa.
Carlos Morales Quintana
Carlos Morales Quintana was born in 1970 in Lanzarote in the Canary Islands, according to Vanity Fair España. He is an architect and yachtsman and was a member of the Spanish pre-Olympic sailing team in the Tornado class, according to the royal family's website.
He met Princess Alexia at a sailing race in Barcelona, Spain, and the pair were married in Athens in 1999.
Arrietta Morales y de Grecia
Arrietta Morales y de Grecia was born on Feb. 24, 2002, in Barcelona and is the first child of Alexia and Quintana. She enjoys skiing, sailing and swimming and she studies at the University of Madrid, according to Vanity Fair España.
Anna-Maria Morales y de Grecia
Anna-Maria Morales y de Grecia was born on May 15, 2003, in Barcelona and is the second child of Alexia and Quintana. She was named after her maternal grandmother, Queen Anne-Marie. Anna-Maria was baptized on July 19, 2003; according to the family's website, her baptism was the largest family gathering in their home country since their family went into exile in 1967.
Anna-Maria and her sister Amelia served as bridesmaids at her uncle Prince Philippos' wedding to Nina Flohr in 2021, Vanity Fair España reported.
Carlos Morales y de Grecia
Carlos Morales y de Grecia was born on July 30, 2005, in Barcelona and is the third child and only son of Alexia and Quintana.
Amelia Morales y de Grecia
Amelia Morales y de Grecia was born on Oct. 27, 2006, in Barcelona and is the fourth and youngest child of Alexia and Quintana.
Prince Nikolaos
Prince Nikolaos was born in Rome on Oct. 1, 1969, and is the third child of Constantine and Anne-Marie.
After studying at Brown University in Rhode Island, he worked in TV production for Fox News in N.Y.C. Nikolaos used a fake name to avoid getting "preferential treatment," but his co-workers found out he was a royal after they recognized him in photos at his brother Pavlos' wedding, he recalled to Insider in 2020.
In 2010, he married Princess Tatiana on the island of Spetses in Greece. The pair were together for more than a decade before announcing their divorce in April 2024.
"Both express the difficulty of this decision, the deep appreciation and respect they have for each other, but also the love with which they have walked all these years," a statement said. "The same values of respect and understanding will form the basis of their relationship in the future, a relationship of deep and sincere friendship."
Nikolaos works as a consultant and photographer and currently lives in Athens, per his website.
Princess Tatiana
Princess Tatiana (née Tatiana Ellinka Blatnik) was born on Aug. 27, 1970, in Venezuela.
According to Vogue, she grew up in Switzerland and later attended Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. Before marrying Nikolaos in 2010, she lived in London, where she worked as an event planner for designer Diane von Fürstenberg.
In April 2024, Tatiana and Nikolaos announced their divorce after 13 years of marriage.
Princess Theodora
Princess Theodora was born on June 9, 1983, in Barcelona and is the fourth child of Constantine and Anne-Marie.
She attended boarding school in England before moving to the U.S. and graduating from Brown University. In 2010, she relocated to L.A. to pursue a career in acting. From 2011 to 2018, she had a recurring role on the soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful under the stage name Theodora Greece.
In 2018, Theodora became engaged to American attorney Matthew Kumar. The couple were set to get married in 2020 but postponed their nuptials due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Prince Philippos
Prince Philippos was born on April 26, 1986, in London and is the fifth and youngest child of Constantine and Anne-Marie. He is also the godson of the late Princess Diana.
Philippos attended Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., and has since moved to N.Y.C., where he works as a hedge fund analyst.
In September 2020, Philippos became engaged to Swiss aviation heiress Nina Flohr. The couple had three wedding ceremonies: a small ceremony in Switzerland in December 2020; a celebration in Cambridge, England, in May 2021; and a lavish ceremony in Athens in October 2021.
Princess Nina
Princess Nina (née Nina Nastassja Flohr) was born in Switzerland on Jan. 22, 1987. Her parents are Thomas Flohr, Swiss billionaire and founder of aviation company VistaJet, and Katharina Konečný, former creative director of the House of Fabergé and a founding editor of Vogue Russia and Vogue Greece.
Nina previously worked as a creative director for her father's company. After leaving VistaJet, she founded a luxury hotel and an environmental conservation center, both located in Mozambique.
In September 2020, Nina became engaged to Philippos; the couple had three wedding ceremonies.
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Queen Anne-Marie of Greece
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wife of King Constantine II of Greece; titular Queen consort of Greece
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https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q564889
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wife of King Constantine II of Greece; titular Queen consort of Greece
Anne-Marie Dagmar Ingrid
Anne Marie Dagmar Ingrid zu Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Princess of Denmark
Anne-Marie of the Hellenes (née Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark)
Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark
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ΗΜ King Constantine II
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Official Website of the Greek Royal Family
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https://www.greekroyalfamily.gr/en/hm-king-constantine-ii.html
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Soon after the birth of the then Prince Constantine (2 June 1940), the Royal Family left Athens to take refuge on the island of Crete following the invasion of Greece by Nazi Germany. Since the family were at risk of being captured by German forces, King George II ordered his brother – and heir to the throne – Paul to seek sanctuary in Alexandria, Egypt.
The family of Prince Constantine subsequently left Alexandria for Cape Town, South Africa, where they lived under the protection of the Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa, Jan Christian Smuts. His younger sister, Princess Irene, was born in South Africa on 11 May 1942.
The 1946 referendum restored King George II to the throne, and the family of Prince Constantine returned to Greece.
Following the death of King George II in 1947, the Greek throne passed to Prince Constantine’s father, King Paul I. Now the heir apparent, Crown Prince Constantine attended the funeral of his uncle, King George II, holding his father by the hand during the funeral procession.
From 1949, Crown Prince Constantine was a pupil at the National Anavryta School in Athens, an institution founded on the educational principles developed by Kurt Hahn. He has spoken of just how much he enjoyed the camaraderie of boarding school and his interactions with the other children, forging lifelong ties of friendship.
While still a pupil at Anavryta, he also undertook military training each weekend, and – once he had completed his school studies – went on to train at three military academies (those of the Hellenic Army, Navy, and Air Force). On turning 18, as the only son of the reigning King and Queen, he swore allegiance to all three branches of the Hellenic Armed Forces.
In 1960, he commenced his studies at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Law School. During his student years, he also took part in numerous official engagements, accompanying his parents – King Paul I and Queen Frederica – on state visits to Italy, the United Kingdom, West Germany, Lebanon, Ethiopia, India, and Thailand.
King Paul I died on 6 March 1964 and was succeeded by his son and heir apparent, Crown Prince Constantine, who was crowned Constantine II, King of the Hellenes, at the age of 24.
Later that same year, he married Princess Anne-Marie, the youngest daughter of King Frederik IX of Denmark, whom he had first met in 1959 – while still the Crown Prince – on a stop made in Copenhagen during a visit to Sweden and Norway. He proposed during a sailing holiday they took together in Norway, and the royal couple were married in Athens on 18 September 1964.
Their first child, Princess Alexia, was born on 10 July 1965 at the Mon Repos Villa on the island of Corfu – the residence where Prince Philip of Greece, the Duke of Edinburgh was also born in 1921. Crown Prince Pavlos was born on 20 May 1967, Prince Nikolaos on 1 October 1969, Princess Theodora on 9 June 1983, and Prince Philippos on 26 April 1986.
On acceding to the throne, ΗΜ King Constantine II found himself facing a complex and challenging domestic political situation in Greece. His profound differences of opinion with the then Prime Minister George Papandreou led to the resignation of the government on 15 July 1965. There followed a period of intense political turmoil that eventually led to a military coup d’état on 21 April 1967.
Though beset by intense and conflicting pressures, the prime concern of His Majesty was always the safety of the Greek people. On a state visit to the United States of America, he declared: “This is not my government. The 21st of April was the worst day of my life.”
In December 1967, ΗΜ King Constantine II flew to the city of Kavala in northern Greece, where he led a counter-coup – an attempt to overthrow the Greek junta and restore democracy. He soon realised, however, that any further action might result in bloodshed and so took the decision to leave with his family for Rome, of his own accord.
During his stay in Rome, the King received frequent requests asking for his return to Greece, which he refused to do unless democracy was first restored.
In 1973, the leader of the military junta Georgios Papadopoulos formally deposed King Constantine II to establish Greece as a non-monarchical regime.
In 1981, ΗΜ King Constantine II returned to Greece with his family for the first time since 1967, though only for a few hours, in order to attend the funeral of his mother, Queen Frederica, who had died suddenly in Madrid of a heart attack. Though security forces were posted around the Royal Estate at Tatoi to stop the public from attending the funeral, crowds in their thousands still managed to gather in the pine forest that covers Paleocastro Hill in order to greet the family and pay their last respects to the Queen.
ΗΜ King Constantine II returned to Greece once more in 1993, this time on a private visit with his family lasting two weeks.
In 2013, Their Majesties King Constantine II & Queen Anne-Marie returned to permanently reside in Greece.
ΗΜ King Constantine II died on 10 January 2023, a few days after being admitted to the Hygeia Hospital in Athens. His entire beloved family were by his side when he passed.
ΗΜ King Constantine II was buried privately, and not accorded those honours reserved for a head of state on the decision of the Greek government. He was laid to rest in the Royal Cemetery at Tatoi.
The funeral of ΗΜ King Constantine II was held on Monday, 16 January 2023 at the Metropolitan Cathedral in Athens, after his body lay in repose for some hours inside the nearby Chapel of Saint Eleftherios, open to public viewing.
Crowds flocked to the Metropolitan Cathedral in Athens from the early hours to pay their respects to the last King of the Hellenes. The public also lined the streets down which the motorcade transferring his body to Tatoi passed. The event drew extensive coverage in both the Greek and international media.
The ceremony was officiated by His Beatitude Hieronymos II, the Archbishop of Athens and All Greece, in the presence of all twelve Metropolitan Bishops of the Holy Synod. Also in attendance at the Metropolitan Cathedral in Athens were seven heads of state, the representatives of royal houses, and close friends of the family.
The Greek government was represented by its Deputy Prime Minister, Mr. Panagiotis Pikrammenos, and by its Minister of Culture and Sports, Ms. Lina Mendoni.
The funeral ceremony ended with a moving eulogy delivered by a devastated Crown Prince Pavlos, honouring his father’s memory.
Once the ceremony was complete, the funeral procession left the Metropolitan Cathedral in Athens for the Royal Cemetery at Tatoi. The body of ΗΜ King Constantine II was first taken to the Chapel of the Resurrection on the estate, where Orthodox Trisagion [“thrice holy”] Prayers were chanted in his memory, before being borne to the Royal Cemetery, where the King was laid to rest beside his parents.
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https://www.hellomagazine.com/brides/20230111161529/king-charles-cousin-king-constantine-wife-anne-marie-58-year-marriage/
|
en
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King Charles' exiled cousin met wife aged 13 – inside 58-year marriage
|
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2023-01-11T15:45:14+00:00
|
Prince William's godfather King Constantine II of Greece married Queen Anne-Marie in 1964 after meeting aged 13 and 19 – inside their love story, from secret engagement to accelerated wedding.
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HELLO!
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https://www.hellomagazine.com/brides/20230111161529/king-charles-cousin-king-constantine-wife-anne-marie-58-year-marriage/
|
Following the sad news that King Constantine II, the last monarch of Greece, has passed away aged 82, his wife of 58 years Queen Anne-Marie will be helping to organise his private funeral.
King Charles' second cousin Constantine was being treated at a private hospital in Athens for ill health before his office released an official statement confirming his death on Wednesday. It read: "It is with deep sadness that the Royal Family announces that HM King Constantine, beloved husband, father, and brother, passed away yesterday, January 10, 2023, while being treated at 'HYGEIA' hospital in Greece."
WATCH: King Constantine and Queen Anne-Marie did not have the most expensive royal wedding of all time. See who took the top spot...
The former King, who was exiled in 1967, was 24 when he married his wife, then 18, in 1964. The couple welcomed five children Princess Alexia, Crown Prince Pavlos, Prince Nikolaos, Princess Theodora and Prince Philippos before Constantine sadly passed away. Look back at Prince William's godfather Constantine's marriage with Anne-Marie…
How did King Constantine meet his wife Anne-Marie?
The royals were married for 58 years before the King passed away in January 2023
Then-Crown Prince Constantine, aged 19, first crossed paths with 13-year-old Anne-Marie when he accompanied his parents King Paul and Queen Frederica on a State Visit to Denmark, where he was hosted by Anne-Marie's parents King Frederik IX and Queen Ingrid.
TRENDING: Prince Harry discusses 'unnecessary' King Charles and Queen Consort Camilla wedding
Two years later, the couple met again in Denmark, and things turned romantic when Anne-Marie acted as bridesmaid to his sister, Sofía, in Athens in May 1962. Following several visits to Denmark to see Anne-Marie, Constantine proposed just months later during a trip to Norway. But it was not initially announced to the press…
When did King Constantine propose to Anne-Marie?
The couple announced their engagement in 1963
Considering Anne-Marie was just 16 at the time of Constantine's proposal, her father was hesitant about giving his blessing. He asked the couple to keep their engagement secret until she had finished her education and turned 18.
In January 1963, the Danish royal court announced the couple's plans to marry in 1965. See the heartbreaking reason why the royal wedding was moved forward…
GET SHOPPING: 29 of the best diamond engagement rings from Vera Wang, Tiffany and more
When did King Constantine get married?
The royal wedding took place earlier than planned following Constantine's accession to the throne
King Paul was diagnosed with cancer in 1964 and tragically passed away from a pulmonary embolism in March 1964, meaning Constantine's accession to the throne. His wedding to Anne-Marie was brought forward to 18 September 1964, when the couple exchanged vows in front of 1,200 guests, including King Charles, before enjoying a reception at the Royal Palace.
What wedding dress did King Constantine's wife Anne-Marie wear?
In a nod to her Danish heritage, Anne-Marie rocked a wedding dress by Danish designer Jorgen Bender, complete with cropped sleeves and an empire line waist and a 20-foot train. She teamed it with a diamond tiara belonging to her mother and a lace veil from her grandmother Margaret. Meanwhile, the King wore his white uniform.
Three years later, Constantine was forced into exile after clashing with military rulers.
NOW DISCOVER: Prince William 'frustrated' he had no say in royal wedding outfit
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https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/constantine-i-king-of-greece/
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Constantine I, King of Greece
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2024-07-02T21:47:48+00:00
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King Constantine I, a brave army officer but rather controversial in his political choices, is mainly known for his strong disagreement with Prime Minister Eleutherios Venizelos over the role of Greece in World War I, which resulted in the painful “schism” of the state in the middle of the war.
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1914-1918-Online (WW1) Encyclopedia
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https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/constantine-i-king-of-greece/
|
By Elli Lemonidou
King Constantine I, a brave army officer but rather controversial in his political choices, is mainly known for his strong disagreement with Prime Minister Eleutherios Venizelos over the role of Greece in World War I, which resulted in the painful “schism” of the state in the middle of the war.
The early years – Military education and first major duties
Constantine I, King of Greece (1868-1923) was King of Greece from 1913 to 1917 and from 1920 to 1922. He was the son of George I, King of the Hellenes (1845-1913), and Olga, Queen, consort of George I, King of the Hellenes (1851-1926), from the Russian house of Romanov. After graduating from the Officers’ School of Athens in 1886, he continued his military education in the Berlin Military Academy. This spell in Berlin is thought to have greatly contributed to the formation of the future king’s pro-German attitude, which was further enhanced by his marriage to Sophia of Prussia (1870-1932), sister of Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1859-1941). In 1897 Constantine took part in the Greco-Turkish War, serving at the time as head of the troops in the region of Thessaly. His opponents blamed the king for the disastrous end of that campaign; this did not stop him, however, from becoming Chief General of the Greek army in the first decade of the 20th century. In 1909, after a military coup, Constantine was released from his duties – only to be reinstated some time later due to the initiative of the new Prime Minister, Eleutherios Venizelos (1864-1936). From his new position as General Inspector of the Army, Constantine contributed significantly to the good preparation of the armed forces for the upcoming Balkan Wars (1912-13), which proved victorious for Greece. In 1913, in the middle of the First Balkan War, Constantine succeeded his father King George I. The military exploits of the new king, combined with the appeal created by his name – the same as the last emperors of Byzantium – turned him into a living legend for an important part of the population, who regarded him as the person destined to revive the old glory of the Greek nation.
First World War – The disagreement with Prime Minister Venizelos and the “schism” of the Greek state
At the time of the outbreak of the First World War, King Constantine disagreed with Prime Minister Venizelos over the role Greece should play in the war. Constantine favored neutrality, while Venizelos claimed that the only real choice for Greece would have been entering the war on the side of the Entente allies, on the basis of the treaty that had been signed with Serbia in 1913. The disagreement over sending Greek troops to stand by the side of the Entente allies led Venizelos to resign twice, in both March and October 1915. The landing of the Allies’ army in Thessaloniki on 5 October 1915 was realized after a secret agreement between the Entente’s governments – especially France – and Venizelos. This agreement, entirely against the will of the King, resulted in the second resignation of the Greek Prime Minister that same day. From that moment on and until June 1917, Greece was ruled by pro-royalist governments whose relations with the Allies were always difficult and full of tension.
It is worth mentioning that, contrary to the image of the “detested tyrant” provided by the propaganda of the Entente allies for their national audiences, a large part of the Greek population adored and were devoted to King Constantine. These people believed that the King was sincerely interested in the well-being of his country and that he was keeping a delicate balance under pressure from both alliances to join their side in the war. King Constantine and his supporters often accused the Entente allies, especially France, of intervening in the internal affairs of Greece and of breaching Greek neutrality. Yet King Constantine was continuously suspected and accused by the Entente allies of having direct communication with and serving the interests of Germany, ruled by his brother-in-law Wilhelm II.
1916-17: Rise of tension between Constantine and the Allies. Dethronement of the King
The relations between Constantine and the Allies deteriorated further after May 1916, when Fort Rupel (in the eastern part of Macedonia) was surrendered to the Germans and Bulgarians. The Allies demanded the demobilization of the Greek army, which was considered a threat for the Allied troops in the region, and the cession of war material. The definitive rupture in the relations between Constantine and the Allies occurred in the first two days of December 1916, when military forces of the Entente disembarked in Piraeus and tried to control central points of Athens, involving themselves in violent and bloody clashes with troops loyal to the King; these events are known as the “Noemvriana” (November events). In retaliation the Allies imposed a tough naval blockade of Piraeus, which caused a large number of deaths (due to a shortage of food) in the Greek capital; they also requested the removal of the whole Greek army to the Peloponnese.
The stalemate in the Greek crisis was resolved by the decisive intervention of Great Britain and France in June 1917. King Constantine was obliged to retreat and leave for Switzerland; the throne passed to his son, Alexander, King of Greece (1893-1920). The violent dethronement of Constantine enraged his supporters and further deepened the hostilities over the next few months. Greek unity was not restored even after Venizelos returned to power and Greece officially entered the war. Followers of Constantine created a well-organized network of propaganda in Switzerland, making it more difficult for the Greeks to mobilize and, generally, for the country to participate in the war.
Last spell of Constantine on the Greek throne – Self-exile and death
After Venizelos’ defeat in the general election of November 1920, and as a result of a subsequent referendum, King Constantine returned to Greece to resume his royal duties on 19 December 1920. The Entente allies were not happy to hear this news. Not having forgotten his attitude during the war, they never officially recognized his return to the throne. In 1921 King Constantine opted for the continuation of the Asia Minor campaign, despite the objections expressed both inside and outside Greece. After the Asia Minor front collapsed and control passed to a revolutionary committee headed by colonels Nikolaos Plastiras (1883-1953) and Stylianos Gonatas (1876-1966), Constantine abdicated and went into self-exile in Palermo, Sicily, where he died a few months later, on 11 January 1923. Constantine I is regarded as one of the most controversial leaders in modern Greek history – he was both very much loved and very much hated by sections of the Greek population. Despite his controversial role, through both his actions and omissions he played a crucial role in the history of the country during the first decades of the 20th century.
Elli Lemonidou, University of Western Greece
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70th Birthday of HM Queen Anne
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2016-08-30T21:28:00-07:00
|
Her Majesty Queen Anne-Marie of Greece turns seventy on August 30, 2016. The wife of former King Constantine II of Greece, she has led a re...
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http://aboutroyalty.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
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http://aboutroyalty.blogspot.com/2016/08/70th-birthday-of-hm-queen-anne-marie-of.html
|
70th Birthday of HM Queen Anne-Marie of Greece
Her Majesty Queen Anne-Marie of Greece turns seventy on August 30, 2016. The wife of former
King Constantine II of Greece, she has led a remarkable life, from her beginnings as a princess of Europe's oldest monarchy to becoming the young queen of a politically unstable kingdom before facing nearly fifty years of exile. Despite such misfortunes, the Queen has drawn comfort from a loving marriage, a happy family life with five children and, later on, nine grandchildren, and the privilege of retaining close family ties to the other reigning houses of Europe.
She was born as Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark on August 30, 1946 at Amalienborg Palace in Copenhagen, the third and youngest daughter of King Frederick IX and Queen Ingrid. Her father was the son of King Christian X, while her mother was the only daughter of King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden. Through her mother, Anne-Marie is a great-great-granddaughter of "the grandmother of Europe", Queen Victoria of Great Britain, and through her father, a great-great-granddaughter of "the father-in-law of Europe", King Christian IX of Denmark. Her eldest sister, Margrethe II, is the reigning Queen of Denmark, and her second elder sister, Princess Benedikte, is married to the German prince Richard of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg.
King Constantine and Queen Anne-Marie in the early years of their marriage.
Anne-Marie met Crown Prince Constantine of Greece, her third cousin and a fellow descendant of both Queen Victoria and King Christian IX, when she was thirteen years old and he was nineteen. They met again a few years later, when Anne-Marie was fifteen, and became unofficially engaged. The Danish king and queen asked the couple to wait until their daughter had reached maturity before marrying (King Frederick reportedly locked Crown Prince Constantine in his bathroom after being told of his intentions to propose), but the sudden death of Constantine's father, King Paul, and his ascension to the Greek throne sped up their plans. On September 18, 1964, two weeks after her eighteenth birthday, Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark married King Constantine II of Greece at the Mitropolis Cathedral in Athens. Upon marriage, she officially became Her Majesty The Queen of the Hellenes, and also the world's youngest queen consort.
King Constantine and Queen Anne-Marie at their golden wedding anniversary celebration in 2014 with their children and their spouses. From left: Princess Alexia, her husband Carlos Morales; Crown Princess Marie-Chantal, Crown Prince Pavlos, Queen Anne-Marie, King Constantine, Prince Nikolaos, his wife Princess Tatiana, Princess Theodora, and Prince Philippos.
The new Queen of the Hellenes only spent three years in her new kingdom before a military coup in April 1967 and the King's failed counter-attack in December of that year forced the royal family to flee into exile. They stayed in Rome and with the Queen's family in Denmark before finally settling in a mansion outside of London, where they stayed until 2013. Between 1965 and 1986, Queen Anne-Marie gave birth to five children - Princess Alexia, Crown Prince Pavlos (who were both born in Greece), Prince Nikolaos (born in Rome after the family's exile), Princess Theodora and Prince Philippos (both born in London). King Constantine and Queen Anne-Marie visited Greece in 1981 for the funeral of Constantine's mother, Queen Frederica, and again in 1993 on a sailing trip that led to the Greek government buzzing their yacht with warplanes and stripping the family of their citizenship and private property. A lawsuit filed in the European Court of Human Rights led to a cash settlement with King Constantine, who donated the funds to a charity entitled the Anna-Maria Foundation, named in Queen Anne-Marie's honor and with her serving as chairwoman.
Queen Anne-Marie, her sisters Queen Margrethe II and Princess Benedikte, and their mother, Queen Ingrid.
In 2013, King Constantine and Queen Anne-Marie returned to live in Greece. Though they have been deposed since 1973, they retain close family ties to the other monarchies of Europe. Anne-Marie is still a member of the Danish royal family, often present at events such as her sister Queen Margrethe's birthday and jubilee celebrations, and the wedding of her nephew, Crown Prince Frederik, in 2004. Anne-Marie's sister-in-law is Queen Sofia of Spain, consort of King Juan Carlos until his abdication in 2014. Anne-Marie and her husband attended the 2004 wedding of their son, the current Spanish king Felipe VI, and were also present at his enthronement ceremony in June 2014.
King Constantine II and Queen Anne-Marie with their son and daughter-in-law, Crown Prince and Crown Princess Pavlos of Greece, and their grandson, Prince Constantine, preparing to attend the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton in 2011.
In true modern fashion, Queen Anne-Marie was celebrated on social media by members of her family. Her daughter Princess Theodora and her son Crown Prince Pavlos took to their respective Instagram accounts to post birthday greetings for their mother.
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https://www.womensweekly.com.au/royals/prince-of-greece-family/
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The Prince of Greece and his family: all you need to know
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2023-12-17T22:18:30+00:00
|
Crown Prince Pavlos of Greece was only a boy when his father was exiled, but now his family are some of the most glamorous European royals.
|
en
|
The Australian Women's Weekly
|
https://www.womensweekly.com.au/royals/prince-of-greece-family/
|
The children and grandchildren of deposed King Constantine II of Greece have wealth, beauty, fame and are widely considered the most glamorous of the European royals. But they do not have a kingdom … yet. In our Christmas 2023 edition, The Weekly looked at the fall – and new rise – of the Greek royal family.
There was no official mourning, no gun salute, no slow march through the ancient streets of Athens, but when the coffin of King Constantine II of Greece arrived at the city’s Metropolitan Cathedral on January 16, 2023, it was to large crowds and an extraordinary show of royal solidarity.
Beneath the cathedral’s magnificent Byzantine dome stood a formidable array of crowned heads from around the world, including three kings, six queens, an empress, a tsar, numerous crown princes and princesses, and a grand duke. All had come from their various realms to honour a long-deposed and exiled monarch, now dismissively referred to by the Greek authorities as ‘Mr Constantine Glücksburg’.
Incense and prayer chants filled the air and warm tributes were paid, but it was the closing address of the late king’s heir, Crown Prince Pavlos, 56, that made a nation watching on live TV sit bolt upright: “My dear father,” he declared. “This is not the end.”
It would be tempting to say that the Greek royal family now reigns over nothing more than the covers of glossy magazines. The Prince of Greece, his mega-rich heiress wife, Princess Marie-Chantal and their five photogenic children are familiar sights in the fashionable resorts of the Mediterranean, the Caribbean and the Alps. Their grand homes in London, New York, the English countryside and the Bahamas are cited as a testament to their taste and refinement.
Yet wealth and glamour don’t necessarily compensate for the loss of a kingdom, and the word from Greece’s royalist faithful is that Pavlos and his privileged kin are discretely looking for something more.
Today, with the old royal family scattered, only Constantine’s steadfast widow, Queen Anne-Marie, 76, the younger sister of Queen Margrethe of Denmark, remains in Greece, occupying a modest Athens apartment. (As a tale of two sisters, the super-popular Margrethe and the dispossessed, rarely-seen Anne-Marie could hardly offer a greater contrast.)
But after exactly 50 years as a republic, there is the sense of a changing mood in Greece. The death of 82-year-old Constantine not only brought the royalist flags and anthems back onto the streets, but forced a softening of the official stance against any kind of reconciliation with the monarchy. Having initially announced that the king would be buried as a private citizen, with no state recognition, Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis backtracked in the face of criticism and sent his deputy to the funeral.
Then, in early March, the prince of Greece dropped another bombshell. He revealed that he and Marie-Chantal were looking for a permanent home in Greece, and in an interview with a French magazine, added: “We want to be more visible to the Greek people. They will be seeing a lot more of us in the future.”
Was the tall, goatee-bearded prince dangling a subtle proposition before his father’s former subjects? If so, despite all the swirl of positive sentiment around the funeral, he will face formidable obstacles.
Pavlos was only seven months old when his father, was forced into exile by the military junta that had seized power in Greece. In a bungled attempt to restore democracy, Constantine launched a counter-coup, which was quickly crushed, and in late 1967, the vengeful ‘Colonels’ drove him out of the country. The royal family fled first to Rome, then to London, where Constantine and his wife, Queen Anne-Marie, were welcomed by Queen Elizabeth and her Greek-born husband Prince Philip. England would remain their home for the next 47 years.
Perhaps unfairly, many Greeks blamed the young, inexperienced king – then only three years into his reign – for failing to resist the junta in the first place, and in 1973, after a one-sided referendum, the monarchy was abolished. All the royal family’s properties, including the historic Tatoi Palace in the hills outside Athens, were confiscated, and their titles scrapped. In what was seen as a calculated slight, Constantine and his family were officially accorded the name ‘Glücksburg’ – a reference to a castle owned by a Danish branch of the family.
Supported by a group of wealthy Greek sympathisers, Constantine, Anne-Marie and their family lived a genteel life in London, moving among the cream of high society, and becoming particularly close to the current King Charles and his then wife, Diana, Princess of Wales. Yet his heart yearned for Greece, and the little prince of Greece was raised with the idea that the old country was his destiny.
Further humiliations were heaped upon the ex-king. In 1993, he was stripped of his citizenship, his passport was cancelled and during a holiday cruise around Greek waters, his yacht was harassed by naval vessels and warplanes. The now stateless king refused to retaliate. His friend, shipping heir and author Taki Theodoracopulous, remembers Constantine forbidding him from criticising the regime on the royal family’s behalf. “He never complained and never accused his enemies,” says Taki.
It wasn’t until ten years ago that Constantine and Anne-Marie were finally allowed to return home. They moved into a grand seaside villa on the Argolis Peninsula, two hours drive from Athens, in an area known as the ‘Hamptons of Greece’. But they had to agree to keeping a low profile, and to desist from engaging in ‘political activity’.
As long as his father was alive, Pavlos, too, felt constrained from doing anything the ever-sensitive Greek authorities might consider provocative. Educated at a private Hellenic school, founded by his father in London, Pavlos later attended Sandhurst, Britain’s elite military training college, and was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards.
In 1995, having left the army, the prince of Greece married Marie-Chantal Miller, the vivacious daughter of an Anglo-American business tycoon. It was the society wedding of the year, with a virtual Who’s Who of European royalty in attendance. Pavlos later joked to Charles that there were more royals at his marriage to Marie-Chantal than at Charles’ nuptials with Diana at St Paul’s Cathedral.
Today the couple and their children divide their time between New York, where Pavlos works as an investment banker, and London, where 54-year-old Marie-Chantal’s luxury childrenswear business is based.
Marie Provost, a writer with the French magazine Point de Vue, which specialises in royal coverage, says: “They are Europe’s most glamorous royal family by far, and they are also very close and hard working and rather nice, too.”
The family powerhouse is undoubtedly Marie-Chantal, whose billionaire father, Bob Warren, owns a global chain of duty-free shops. Raised in Hong Kong, the hub of Bob’s business empire, she was sent to schools in London, Paris and Switzerland, and went on to university in New York, where she moved in bohemian circles, working at one time for pop artist Andy Warhol at his notorious Factory.
It was in New York that the blonde, waif-like ‘factory girl’ met the straight-laced, stiff-mannered, fresh-out-of-the-army Pavlos. They were set up on a blind date by a Greek friend of the prince, who had a hunch that for all their apparent differences they might hit it off.
They did. “We just clicked,” Marie-Chantal said later. “It was love at first sight. I knew he would be the person I would marry.”
They remained for a while in New York, then in 2002 moved to London, with Pavlos apparently keen for the three children they now had to receive European educations. Their new home, a magnificent double-fronted mansion in Chelsea’s Thames-side Cheyne Walk, quickly became – and remains – a hub of social activity.
A country estate in the Cotswolds – close to King Charles’ Highgrove pile – and a hunting lodge in Yorkshire were soon added to the couple’s UK property portfolio. The couple could afford it. According to the London Sunday Times’ annual Rich List, Marie Chantal alone has a net worth of A$ 4.3 billion.
Not that she has any inclination to join the idle rich. For the last 20 years, the princess has run her own ‘Marie-Chantal’ exclusive babywear and children’s clothing business with a flagship store in London’s Belgravia. She designs many of the items herself, which are often spotted on pampered junior members of the European aristocracy.
“My brand is like my sixth child,” Marie-Chantal told The London Times: “I was a young mother, pregnant with my third child when I started it, and I wanted to work. I’m very creative. I love to draw, and I wanted to do something in the world of luxury or retail because that was what I was exposed to through my father’s business.”
The couple’s three eldest children have been busily blazing their own path through the social scene, with daughter, Marie-Olympia, 27, a goddaughter of King Charles, leading the way. British society magazine Tatler calls her: “The undisputed It girl of London,” and while her modelling career has yet to hit stellar heights, she is prized in the fashion trade as an ambassador for brands such as Dior, Miu Miu and Louis Vuitton. “She’s the life and soul,” says celebrity photographer German Larkin. “She has that sleek, stylish look that every photographer loves.”
Eldest son, Constantine-Alexios, 24, known to his friends as ‘Tino’ and described by royal writer Hilary Rose as “a young, blond Greek god,” has inherited his mother’s artistic bent and is said to be pursuing a career as a sculptor. At least when he isn’t pursuing the upper class girls who flock each summer to the fashionable Greek islands of Mykonos and Patmos, where the holidaying royals like to anchor their yacht. Tino is currently dating society model Poppy Delevingne, 36, who last year split from her businessman husband James Cook.
Then there’s the “fluffy-haired heartthrob” Prince Achileas-Andreas, 23, an aspiring actor known by the stage name ‘Achi Miller’, who has already appeared in an American daytime soap opera. A recent graduate of Manhattan University, Achi has been escorting heiress, Natalie Massenet, daughter of his mother’s best friend Isabella Massenet, founder of the Net-a-Porter fashion company. The two youngest sons, Odysseas-Kimon and Aristidis-Stavros, 15, are both students.
As a royal family with everything except a kingdom, the ‘Golden Greeks’ are biding their time, rebuilding their links with their lost homeland, and not, at least in the short term, expecting too much.
“I don’t think a complete return is likely,” says Andreas Megos, editor of a popular Greek website focusing on the royals. “It’s been too long a time, and most people can’t even remember when we had a monarchy. But those old wounds are healing, and there’s plenty of respect and goodwill towards Pavlos. We saw it on the streets. I think he could definitely play a role here.”
In a similar vein, the prince of Greece insists that he is not seeking to retake the throne. “I’m not looking for anything,” he said. “Our role is to be good people, and do what we can to help the country.”
Yet the signs of reconciliation are everywhere. Despite the political sensitivities, the governing New Democracy party has a substantial monarchist wing, and several of its leading figures are on good terms with the royals. Polls still show a clear majority of voters preferring to remain a republic, but the gap has narrowed in recent years, and as Greece has struggled with chronic economic and social problems, many seem open to the idea of a new constitutional model.
Queen Anne-Marie, a poignant figure at her husband’s funeral, has proved to be a model of dignity and discretion, and is seen by many as the mother of the nation.
‘Exile’ comes from the Greek word for flight, and in ancient times was a common punishment for leaders who were deemed to have failed the people. The good news was that it only lasted for ten years before the slate was wiped clean. Constantine’s exile lasted long enough to pay the debts of five generations, and it may not take that long for his successors to bounce back.
|
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22781
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0
| 38
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https://www.theroyalforums.com/threads/king-constantine-ii-of-greece-and-princess-anne-marie-of-denmark-september-18-1964.4560/page-2
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en
|
King Constantine II of Greece and Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark: September 18, 1964
|
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[
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] | null |
[
"there Country Greece"
] |
2009-06-20T16:11:08-04:00
|
YouTube - Wedding of Constantino & Anne-Marie/ Κωνσταντίνος Β΄ της Ελλάδας Άννα-Μαρία της Ελλάδας
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en
|
/data/assets/logo/icon_192_royalforums.png
|
The Royal Forums
|
https://www.theroyalforums.com/threads/king-constantine-ii-of-greece-and-princess-anne-marie-of-denmark-september-18-1964.4560/page-2
|
Pictures of Anne-Marie getting dressed before the wedding with her mother and sisters. Margrethe is in blue and Benedikte is in red. I love these photos - it just seems so ordinary for a bride to be sitting with her family right before the ceremony as she puts on the finishing touches.
(originally posted on the Royal Weddings Message Board)
Here's a link to some pictures of the ball:
ball2
And here's the contents of that whole website, where you can see other pre-wedding festivities, the engagement ball, the wedding, and so on:
Untitled Document
I think Anne-Marie was beautiful, but I don't like her dress for the pre-wedding ball. The sheer jacket she's wearing over it looks too big and makes it look like the dress is wearing her rather than the other way around.
I think Anne-Marie was beautiful, but I don't like her dress for the pre-wedding ball. The sheer jacket she's wearing over it looks too big and makes it look like the dress is wearing her rather than the other way around.
I agree.
I think the dress would be very beautiful though if it didn't have the jacket.
Actually, this wedding should be under Weddings of Members of Reigning Houses for the simple reason that when the event took place, the groom was King and the bride princess within a monarchy.
The argument doubles, in fact, because even though the Greek Monarchy is now defunct, Denmark continues to be a kingdom.
that wedding deserve to be called the wedding of the century because i dont think they have been a wedding equivalent to this one you could say diana but end up in divorce or king of sweden but at that time he was affraid to make A GRAND wedding since politician were thinking about abolishing the monarchy and omg 18 to be marry thats like re=establish the whole victorian system of marry at young age
It is with the greatest pleasure that I finally took up some time to felicitate your site on the fine material it provides to its readers. This couple was and remains a marvel, a comment that I would like to extend to this marvelous era that has long gone. Seeing Athens in September 1964 and Athens in January 2011 may be quite painful to some of us, may I dare to state that the 1964 Athens belonged to a different planet or will it sound like an overstatement? Some or the readers will understand my point. I was also totally touched by watching this video for one more reason and this reason is Queen Ingrid of Danemark. By all means, my favorite Queen of all times. Thank you TRF for the opportunity of some glimpses at the Dream, the royal past as that should be called.
Anne Marie looked stunning! Her gown was beautiful and simple.
I was bound to believe in fairytales again then and there when I watched it,Tino and Anne Marie.It was one of the grand Royal weddings of the 60's,and I recall them all,starting with Princess Alexandra and Angus Ogylvie,King Baudouin and Queen Fabiola...oh heck...or was that the other way 'round...I watched it and I recall each vividly!.
Does anybody have any better shots of the guests? What about the full official photo? I've only seen it in a tiny form, I'd love to see it in a better size.
It seems that Grace attended the pre-wedding dinner, but missed the wedding ceremony.
Does anybody have any better shots of the guests? What about the full official photo? I've only seen it in a tiny form, I'd love to see it in a better size.
It seems that Grace attended the pre-wedding dinner, but missed the wedding ceremony.
I really hope I am not going against the forum policy, but I visited a site called "Glittering Royal Events" and there are a huge number of photos. You don't see them on the message board part, but the main part.
Mods: if I am breaking a rule, please delete, I am a newbie at computer stuff
I really hope I am not going against the forum policy, but I visited a site called "Glittering Royal Events" and there are a huge number of photos. You don't see them on the message board part, but the main part.
Mods: if I am breaking a rule, please delete, I am a newbie at computer stuff
this is the only one I've seen: index which doesn't have a lot of photos of the guests.
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Why Is the King of Greece Living as a Commoner?
|
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2015-08-21T13:33:00-04:00
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As the country faces collapse, its former monarch makes a dramatic choice.
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en
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/_assets/design-tokens/townandcountrymag/static/images/favicon.80ace0d.ico
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Town & Country
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https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/politics/news/a3607/king-without-a-country/
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Once upon a time, in a kingdom by the sea, a handsome 24-year-old king married a beautiful 18-year-old princess, and the people of the kingdom rejoiced, and the king and queen lived in a golden palace in the capital, surrounded by royal gardens.
The king in this fairy tale was Constantine II of Greece. His teenage bride was Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark. But in 1967, three years after their wedding, after a coup and a failed countercoup, the young couple and their two small children were driven out of Greece, making a harrowing escape that forced the family into more than four decades of exile. In 1974, while Constantine was living in England and forbidden to speak on his own behalf, the king's subjects abolished the monarchy and stripped the royal family of its palaces, titles, property, and passports.
Now, almost 50 years after he left Greece, at a moment when the eyes of the world regard the country with pity and sorrow, when wealthy Greeks have long since stashed their money in other countries, and when young Greeks are desperately seeking ways to go anywhere else to find work, Constantine, no longer young, has chosen to move back to his native land, investing heavily in a new home for his remaining years and living as a commoner.
It's not as if his life of exile gave him no pleasure. Constantine has thrived for decades at the pinnacle of international society,socializing with Europe's royals (most of them his relatives). In 1986, to celebrate Queen Anne-Marie's 40th birthday, Constantine took over Claridge's Hotel in London for a ball attended by Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip (Constantine's cousin), along with Prince Charles and Princess Diana, King Juan Carlos of Spain and his wife Queen Sofía (Constantine's sister), Queen Margrethe of Denmark (his sister-in-law), and virtually all the other royals of Europe. The glittering crowd danced to Lester Lanin's orchestra until dawn, when breakfast was served.
When Constantine turned 60, in 2000, Prince Charles hosted a gala at his country home, Highgrove. It was on that occasion that Queen Elizabeth and Camilla Parker Bowles retired to a convenient room for their first private conversation.
So the question must be asked: Why, at the moment of his country's greatest economic turmoil, would Constantine elect to return to a commoner's existence in Greece, the country that took away his crown, and even his citizenship?
"It's a mystery to us," said Dino Anagnostopoulos, the king's lifelong friend and former classmate. "I don't understand how a man who knows everybody who is anybody in this world would choose to go back to Greece—and especially now, when the country is going through such hard times."
"Why" has become the central mystery of Constantine's life. In person he comes across as a regular guy. He speaks fluent English with a bit of a British accent, and he enjoys hearing and telling a good joke, even at his own expense. Yet despite his chatty bonhomie, it is difficult to pin down the reason for the 75-year-old ex-king's decision to return to his place of birth. In fact, it took three long interviews— two in Athens, one in London—before he would address the topic.
One would certainly understand if he never wanted to return, given the often traumatic events of his young life, beginning with his family's escape from Greece just ahead of the invading Germans when he was a year old. The family settled in Cairo, where the infant prince nearly died after an intentional misdiagnosis by a doctor who was a communist agent (a second doctor diagnosed acute appendicitis and recommended a timely surgery). A year after his family returned to Greece, when he was six, he became the crown prince after his childless uncle, King George II, died and his father assumed the throne as King Paul.
The prince's parents created a rigorous boarding school, Anavryta, for his education and handpicked 14 boys to be his classmates. They became his closest friends for life. On weekends, away from the spartan school's regime of cold showers and 6 a.m. runs, the young prince would invite friends to the summer palace of Tatoi, north of Athens, where his parents held opulent balls and well-born Greek maidens dreamed of catching the eye of the handsome prince. It was not to be. At 19, on a state visit to Denmark, he fell hard for Princess Anne-Marie, youngest daughter of King Frederick IX of Denmark and sister of the current queen, Margrethe II. She was just 13. On their second meeting, in 1961, when she was 15 and he was 21, he announced to his parents that he was going to marry Anne-Marie. "I didn't ask or suggest. I talked about it as a fait accompli," he recalled.
Convincing Anne-Marie's father was more difficult. When he asked Frederick IX for permission to marry his daughter, the king locked Constantine in a nearby bathroom. When Frederick told his wife, Queen Ingrid, of the proposal, she suggested he release Constantine and open a bottle of champagne.
Constantine was no slouch. He was a dashing young Olympic medalist, having won gold in sailing at the Rome summer games in 1960—the first gold medal for Greece since 1912. "It is the most wonderful feeling I've ever had, other than getting engaged to my wife," he said.
In March 1964, King Paul died of cancer, making his 23-year-old son King Constantine II. The new king and Anne-Marie married six months later, in Athens—two weeks after the bride's 18th birthday. "I was the first king ever to marry in Greece," he said with a smile. "And last year we were fortunate to celebrate our 50th anniversary—back in Athens, at the former Royal Yacht Club in Piraeus."
Less than three years after Constantine became king, a group of right-wing midlevel army officers led by Colonel George Papadopoulos staged a coup d'état, on April 21, 1967, surrounding the palace at Tatoi with tanks. Many Greeks would suffer under Papadopoulos's dictatorship. "That night the colonels arrested somewhere between 6,000 and 8,000 people, including all my staff, in under two hours," Constantine told me. "I had to think of all the blood that would be shed if I openly opposed them."
A month after the coup, the king met a group of his old classmates. According to Anagnostopoulos, when they berated Constantine for recognizing the regime, he told them, "Don't worry, in six months everything will be straightened out."
On December 13, 1967, before dawn, the king launched a countercoup, flying with his pregnant wife, their two-year-old daughter, Alexia, seven-month old Crown Prince Pavlos, Constantine's mother Queen Frederica, and his sister Princess Irene to Kavala, a city in northern Greece—a place where he believed the army and its generals were loyal to him. He intended to create an alternative government in Thessaloniki, the second-largest city in Greece.
The air force and navy immediately declared for the king and mobilized, but the colonels in Athens put together a force that advanced north, and within hours it was clear the countercoup had failed. "I understood afterward, when you start something like this, it has to work in the first hour, two hours maximum, or it's a waste of time," Constantine said. "You would have to enforce it with a lot of bloodshed. The Greeks had been through a terrible civil war, and I wasn't going to put them through that again."
That night, to avoid open conflict, Constantine flew his family out of the country, toward Italy; he piloted the plane himself. "We had less than three minutes of fuel when we touched down," he said. "I had to borrow $300 from my valet to refuel the plane, and my brother-in-law [King Juan Carlos] had to send me clothes."
On the heels of these agonizing events, Queen Anne-Marie suffered a miscarriage. "It was a very dark period in our history," Constantine said, with obvious emotion. "A lot of officers who supported me were badly treated by the colonels when we failed. But at least we all made a major effort to free our country from that dictatorship."
From Rome, Constantine declared, "I am sure I shall go back the way my ancestors did." (Both his grandfather King Constantine I and his uncle King George II spent large portions of their reigns in exile during the world wars, which caused George II to remark, "The most important tool for a king of Greece is a suitcase.") Constantine and his family lived for two months in the Greek embassy in Rome and then for five years in a house in a suburb.
Over the next year the junta sent feelers to the king, trying to negotiate terms under which he would return, but he insisted on the restoration of democracy. He believes the colonels also engineered two attempts on his life.
"The second time," he said, "I was going to Tehran to meet the shah. When I got to Heathrow, I noticed that the flight was quite long, with two stops, so I changed to a direct flight on British Airways. When I got to Tehran the shah told me there had been an assassin on the Frankfurt leg of the original flight, but his people had intercepted him. 'So what happened to the fellow?' I asked. 'Do you really want to know?' he said."
In 1973 the colonels in the junta were themselves replaced by younger officers, and when the new leaders tried to stage a coup in Cyprus in the summer of 1974, it prompted an invasion of the island by Turkey, and military rule in Greece collapsed.
As the dictatorship was crumbling, the veteran political leader Constantine Karamanlis, in self-exile in Paris, was in constant phone contact with the exiled king in London. "We had been talking throughout the day," Constantine said, "and that afternoon Karamanlis said he had been asked to go back to Athens. I said, 'By whom?' He said by people representing the junta. I said, 'Shall I come with you?' He said, 'No, let me go and see what is happening and I'll call you in the morning.'
"Of course," Constantine said, "the call never came."
Karamanlis formed a party, New Democracy, which won a resounding victory in November 1974, and then Constantine's former ally called for a referendum on the monarchy for December 8. The king was not allowed to go to Greece to campaign or to speak to the people on TV, and when the results were announced, only 31 percent of the population had voted for the king's restoration.
Having lost any hope for a return of the monarchy, the deposed king settled down in London, where he had moved in 1973. He opened an office in Mayfair and maintained contact with his supporters, who included wealthy Greek ship owners based in Britain.
In 1980, Constantine and Anne-Marie created the Hellenic College of London, where their own children were educated in both English and Greek. (After the escape from Greece and the miscarriage, Anne-Marie gave birth in Rome to Prince Nikolaos, in 1969, and then, in London, to Princess Theodora, in 1983, and Prince Philippos, in 1986.)
A devastating moment in Constantine's long exile occurred in February 1981, when his mother died, at the age of 63, in Madrid of heart failure during eyelid surgery. The Greek government announced that it would allow the former king and his family to return for only a few hours to bury her in the family cemetery at Tatoi, where Constantine and his sisters had spent idyllic summers as children.
Constantine began negotiations in 1986 with the government of Andreas Papandreou to receive a financial settlement for seized property that had belonged to the king: the 10,000-acre Tatoi estate, the royal estate of Mon Repos, on Corfu (birthplace of many royals, including Prince Philip; it is now a public park and museum), and 7,500 acres of timberland in central Greece. Two years later "we reached an agreement that Papandreou was supposed to sign on a Thursday," Constantine said. "But that Wednesday he collapsed from a heart problem and was rushed to a hospital in England. Our agreement was never signed."
When Papandreou lost the election the following year, negotiations continued with the new government, and a tentative agreement was reached. But when Papandreou returned to power in 1993, he revoked that agreement. According to Costas Strongylos, a longtime friend of Constantine's and his private secretary since 1999, "Under the new law, enacted in 1994, all of the king's property was confiscated by the Greek state. The law further stated that in order for the king and his family to hold Greek passports, they had to accept the referendum abolishing the monarchy and select an ordinary last name like those used by all other Greek citizens."
The king then sued in the European Court of Human Rights, which set aside the name issue and asked for valuations of the king's properties. The government's appraisers put the value at $550 million, according to Strongylos; the king's put it at $500 million. The courts handed the case to a commission of three, which decided that the former royal family would not receive either estimate; the king would have to settle for 12 mil- lion euros, and his sister Irene for 900,000 euros.
The Greek government waited until the last day permitted by the ruling, then paid the king out of the country's natural disasters fund, in order to make it look as if Constantine were depleting his country's emergency resources. He countered by putting the money into the Anna-Maria Foundation, to allocate the funds back to the Greek people for use in "extraordinary natural disasters and charitable causes."
Constantine insists that he long ago accepted the rejection of the monarchy. "If the Greek people decide that they want a republic, they are entitled to have that and should be left in peace to enjoy it," he told Time in 2002. What was impossible to accept was the enforced exile. To keep Constantine and his family out of Greece, in the early 1980s the government sent an order to all consulates to deny any requests by members of the former royal family to have their passports renewed, effectively rendering them stateless persons. For a time they traveled on passports issued by the Spanish government, which listed the king's name as "Constantino de Grecia." Now he and his wife travel with Danish passports, which identify them as "H.M. King Constantine" and "H.M. Queen Anne-Marie."
The first time they ventured back to Greece after burying Queen Frederica was in 1993, when they flew into Thessaloniki, boarded a friend's yacht, and sailed down the Aegean to the wealthy Porto Heli area. Constantine remembered being "followed all the way by navy vessels, as if we were an invading force."
As the 2004 summer Olympics in Athens approached, everyone knew that the ex-king would be coming to Greece as an honorary member of the International Olympic Committee. "Ever since they created the republic through the referendum in 1974, I decided to stay away and not interfere," he said. "But as time passed, I had the feeling that they were going to use my presence at the Olympic Games to say that I was trying to come back as king. I wasn't going to have any of that. So I came back to Greece in 2003—the year before the Olympics. Everyone was taken by surprise."
When Constantine and Anne-Marie landed in Athens, "it was clear nobody realized we were on the plane. We showed the passports and suddenly they said, 'The king is in the VIP lounge!' and there was all kinds of commotion. Then I called the Greek ambassador back in London and said, 'Tell the government the king is back in Greece, and here is my itinerary. I'm going to Tatoi to have a memorial service for my parents, and then I'm going to the Pentelikon Hotel to spend the night. I will leave the next morning.' I came to show them I could come when I wanted to come, not when someone told me I could."
After the first surprise visit, the king and his family came back more often, without the excitement. But his arrival in Greece as a representative of the Olympics in the summer of 2004 was filled with irony and drew unexpected support from all points on the political spectrum. "As I approached the president, every pair of eyes were on us," Constantine remembered. "I said to the poor man, 'Mr. President, do you do rousfetia [favors]?' And he said, 'What's on your mind?' I said, 'I want you to invite my family to the palace, to see all the changes.' "
" 'Of course!' he replied. 'Just tell your secretary and mine to agree on the date.' "
That visit to what had once been the royal palace in Athens, now the presidential palace, occurred on December 24, 2004. "It was horrible!" Constantine exclaimed. "All the former bedrooms don't exist. Gone! Everything else—every room—is an office. I asked him, 'How many people work here?' He told me 120. I had 13.
"Today the president has a huge amount of security, and according to the constitution the president is paid a salary and it's his money," Constantine continued. "Now the running of the presidential palace is paid for with the taxpayers' money. So are the president's telephones, heating, cars, drivers, clothes, state visits—all paid for by the state. For us it was the complete opposite. We were paid X amount—I think it was 7 million drachmas— and I paid for my own education with an inheritance, because my father was running out of money. Part of the excuse against me was that royalty costs too much. But royalty costs so much less! Today we have, I don't know, three or four former heads of state. All of them have pensions, and so do all their police, security, drivers, and secretaries."
Through all the vicissitudes Constantine has endured over the years, the one foundation that has provided him with a sense of security is the friendship of the 14 men who, years ago, were chosen to be his fourth-grade classmates in the newly created Anavryta School. The boys had been selected through tests of their intelligence and chosen to represent all classes of Greek society. They had only alternate weekends free to go home, and if their parents could not afford the boarding fees, they were given full scholarships.
"The Anavryta School was set up in Kifissia by King Paul so that Constantine would be educated with smart Greek boys from different backgrounds," said Panayiotis Soucacos, who was one of those 14 boys and is now a professor of orthopedic surgery at the University of Athens Medical School. "It was established on the principles of German educator Kurt Hahn, who founded the Gordonstoun School in Scotland, where British royals have gone, including Prince Philip and Prince Charles. Of the 14 in the first class, 13 are still alive. All did well. Five became university professors, four in medicine [including Anagnostopoulos, a clinical professor of surgery at the Columbia University Medical Center, in New York] and one in nuclear physics. The others became successful businessmen."
Tales of Constantine's loyalty and kindness to his former classmates abound. "Constantine was not only best man at my wedding and my daughter's, he baptized two of my granddaughters, too," said Anagnostopoulos, who feels that his friend's decision to return to Greece ultimately has to do with "wanting to end his life where he began it. Constantine is happiest when he's there."
"He's homesick—down-to-the-bone homesick," said Soucacos. "Besides his family, and standing up to the junta, he's proudest of winning an Olympic gold medal for Greece. He has never thought of any other place as home."
Back in 2002, Constantine told Larry King that the only good thing about living in exile was that he had "much more time to see my children grow up." But the children have done that and gone. His youngest son, Philippos, 29, works in finance in New York, and his youngest daughter, Theodora, 31, is an actress in Hollywood (as Theodora Greece). Nikolaos, 45, is married to Tatiana Blatnik and lives in Kastri, Greece, in an apartment owned by the daughter of the king's late nemesis, Papandreou. Eldest son Pavlos, 48, married Marie-Chantal Miller, whose billionaire father, Robert Warren Miller, developed duty-free shops at airports; they live with their five children in London. The eldest, Alexia, 50, is married to an architect, Carlos Morales Quintana, and they live with their four children in Spain. "My eldest grandchild turned 16 yesterday," Constantine said. "He's a diver. He's everything: a rower, a diver, a scholar. We are very lucky with our grandchildren."
Seven years ago, at the age of 68, Constantine underwent heart surgery in London—a reminder of his mortality that undoubtedly fueled his desire to move home full-time. When he's in Greece he lives in Porto Heli, the seaside town he visited years ago followed by the Greek navy. According to Costas Strongylos, Constantine financed the purchase of the house by "selling his London properties for a good profit. He also made money in business deals in the Middle East."
The result is a lavish if less than royal life that does feature his other great love: the sea. "He can sail his caïque any time he wants, and he does almost every afternoon," Strongylos said. "He takes her out from three to seven, finds a quiet cove, and anchors there to swim and relax."
Near the end of our interviews, Constantine finally offered his reasons for returning. We were sitting in the Byzantino Restaurant at the Athens Hilton with Nikolaos. "Look a t ancient Greek history," he said. "All Greeks who live in exile, they want to go back. It's in the blood. Funnily enough, the one pushing hardest was my wife. I think she realized I would be happy only when I came back home."
But why, when so many others have chosen to flee, has he gone in the other direction and thrown in his lot—and his own still considerable resources—with the country that revoked his birth- right? Why return to his homeland when it has been reduced to economic chaos?
In a way, his reasons for returning reflect his attitude about the future of his troubled country. History presents ample evidence of the resiliency of the Greeks. "They have seen their standard of living drop by 30 percent and unemployment soar to more than 25 percent," he said. "It's painful to see how much suffering they have endured. But the Greeks are a tough people who not only know how to enjoy life but how to endure hardship. We suffered centuries of subjugation under the Ottoman Turks, a brutal Nazi occupation, and a devastating civil war, but we bounced back to create a beautiful land to call home. Everyone must take great care not to allow our glorious country to fall into the kind of national division that brought so much misery in the past. I have faith that Greeks will face our current troubles with patience and resolve and that we will prevail."
During our conversation Constantine confided that he has already decided where he will be buried: the royal cemetery on the grounds of Tatoi. "My family doesn't like it when I talk about it, but I've chosen the spot...that part where the graves are shad- owed by blossoming hickory trees, farther down and a little to the left of my father. Facing toward the sea..."
It's an appropriate place to spend eternity—overlooking what has drawn Greeks homeward since Odysseus made his way back to Ithaka. Like Homer's legendary hero, the former king has returned with no title to find a palace crumbling into ruins, but he considers himself fortunate to be back on his native ground, in life and in death. As the poet C.P. Cavafy wrote about Odysseus's long search for home:
Arriving there is what you are
destined for
Ithaka gave you the marvelous journey.
And if you find her poor, Ithaka won't
have fooled you.
Wise as you will have become,
so full of experience,
You will have understood by then
what these Ithakas mean.
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https://www.sbsun.com/2023/01/11/constantine-ii-greeces-last-king-dies-at-82/
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en
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Greece's last king dies; Constantine II was cousin of King Charles III
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2023-01-11T00:00:00
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He and his family fled to Italy after a military coup in 1967; the monarchy was abolished in 1973.
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en
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San Bernardino Sun
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https://www.mercurynews.com/2023/01/11/constantine-ii-greeces-last-king-dies-at-82/
|
The former King of Greece, Constantine II, has died at the age of 82, CNN affiliate CNN Greece reported on Tuesday.
According to CNN Greece, the former King had experienced serious health problems in the past few months and recently contracted coronavirus for the second time, which appeared to have significantly worsened his condition.
Constantine first tested positive for COVID-19 in January 2022, after being hospitalized with pneumonia the previous month, CNN Greece reported.
Constantine II was born in Psikhikó, near Athens, on June 2, 1940.
He spent World War II in exile in South Africa, returning to Greece in 1946. A year later, Constantine became crown prince when Greece’s King George II died and his brother, Paul — Constantine’s father — ascended the throne.
Constantine II became king when Paul died March 6, 1964.
That year, he married Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark in Athens. They had five children: Prince Pavlos, Princess Alexia, Prince Nikolaos, Princess Theodora and Prince Philippos.
After a military coup in 1967, Constantine and his family fled to Rome, and the military regime appointed a regent to take his place.
The Greek monarchy was abolished June 1, 1973, when the military regime proclaimed the country a republic — a decision that was backed by a subsequent referendum. Constantine accepted the abolition after another referendum was conducted by an elected civilian government in 1974.
That year, the former King moved from Rome to England, settling in London. In the 2000s, he became a frequent visitor to Greece.
Constantine II was the cousin of Britain’s King Charles III and the godfather of Prince William. His sister, Sofia, was queen of Spain between 1975 and 2014.
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https://www.tiktok.com/%40royaltyfandom/video/7322513944101375265%3Flang%3Den
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Make Your Day
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https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LHKQ-BRD/king-constantine-i-of-greece-1868-1923
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FamilySearch.org
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Discover your family history. Explore the world’s largest collection of free family trees, genealogy records and resources.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_II_of_Greece
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Constantine II of Greece
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2002-12-21T12:47:04+00:00
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_II_of_Greece
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King of Greece from 1964 to 1973
Constantine II (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Βʹ, romanized: Konstantínos II, pronounced [ˌkonstaˈdinos ðefˈteros]; 2 June 1940 – 10 January 2023)[1] was the last king of Greece, reigning from 6 March 1964 until the abolition of the Greek monarchy on 1 June 1973.
Constantine was born in Athens as the only son of Crown Prince Paul and Crown Princess Frederica of Greece. Being of Danish descent, he was also born as a prince of Denmark. As his family was forced into exile during the Second World War, he spent the first years of his childhood in Egypt and South Africa. He returned to Greece with his family in 1946 during the Greek Civil War. After Constantine's uncle George II died in 1947, Paul became the new king and Constantine the crown prince. As a young man, Constantine was a competitive sailor and Olympian, winning a gold medal in the 1960 Rome Olympics in the Dragon class along with Odysseus Eskitzoglou and George Zaimis in the yacht Nireus. From 1964, he served on the International Olympic Committee.
Constantine acceded as king following his father's death in 1964. Later that year, he married Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark, with whom he had five children. Although the accession of the young monarch was initially regarded auspiciously, his reign saw political instability that culminated in the Colonels' Coup of 21 April 1967. The coup left Constantine, as head of state, with little room to manoeuvre since he had no loyal military forces on which to rely. He thus reluctantly agreed to inaugurate the junta, on the condition that it be made up largely of civilian ministers. On 13 December 1967, Constantine was forced to flee the country, following an unsuccessful countercoup against the junta.
Constantine formally remained Greece's head of state in exile until the junta abolished the monarchy in June 1973, a decision ratified via a referendum in July, which was contested by Constantine. After the restoration of democracy a year later, another referendum was called for December 1974, but Constantine was not allowed to return to Greece to campaign. The referendum confirmed by a majority of almost 70% the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the Third Hellenic Republic. Constantine accepted the verdict of the 1974 vote.[2][3] From 1975 until 1978 he was involved in conspiracies to overthrow the government via a coup, which eventually did not materialize. After living for several decades in London, Constantine moved back to Athens in 2013. He died there in 2023 following a stroke.
Early life
[edit]
Constantine was born in the afternoon of 2 June 1940 at his parents' residence, Villa Psychiko at Leoforos Diamantidou 14 in Psychiko, an affluent suburb of Athens.[4] He was the second child and only son of Crown Prince Paul and Crown Princess Frederica. His father was the younger brother and heir presumptive of the reigning Greek king, George II, and his mother was the only daughter of Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick, and Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia.[5][6]
Prince Constantine had an elder sister, Princess Sofia, born in 1938.[5] However, since agnatic primogeniture governed the succession to throne in Greece at the time, the birth of a male heir to the throne had been anxiously awaited by the Greek royal family, and the newborn prince was therefore received with joy by his parents. His birth was celebrated with a 101–gun salute from Mount Lycabettus in Athens, which, according to tradition, announced that the newborn was a boy.[9] According to Greek naming practices, being the first son, he was named after his paternal grandfather, Constantine I, who had died in 1923.[10] At his baptism on 20 July 1940 at the Royal Palace of Athens, the Hellenic Armed Forces acted as his godparent.[12]
World War II and the exile of the royal family
[edit]
Constantine was born during the early stages of World War II. He was just a few months old when, on 28 October 1940, Fascist Italy invaded Greece from Albania, beginning the Greco-Italian War. The Greek Army was able to halt the invasion temporarily and push the Italians back into Albania. However, the Greek successes forced Nazi Germany to intervene and the Germans invaded Greece and Yugoslavia on 6 April 1941 and overran both countries within a month, despite British aid to Greece in the form of an expeditionary corps. On 22 April 1941, Princess Frederica and her two children, Sofia and Constantine, were evacuated to Crete in a British Short Sunderland flying boat along with most of the Greek royal family. The next day, they were followed by King George and Prince Paul. However the imminent German invasion of Crete quickly made the situation untenable and Constantine and his family were evacuated from Crete to Egypt on 30 April 1941, a fortnight before the German attack on the island. In Alexandria, the exiled Greek royals were welcomed by the Greek diaspora, which provided them with lodging, money and clothing. The presence of the Greek royal family and government began to worry King Farouk of Egypt and his pro-Italian ministers. Constantine and his family, therefore, had to seek another refuge where they could get through the war and continue their fight against the Axis powers. George VI of the United Kingdom opposed the presence of Princess Frederica, who was suspected of having Nazi sympathies,[20] and her children in Britain, but it was decided that Constantine's father and uncle could take up residence in London, where a government-in-exile was set up, while the rest of the family could seek refuge in the then-Union of South Africa.
On 27 June 1941, most of the Greek royal family, therefore, set off for South Africa on board the Dutch steamship Nieuw Amsterdam, which arrived in Durban on 8 July 1941. After a two-month stay in Durban, Prince Paul left for England with his brother, and Constantine then barely saw his father again for the next three years. The rest of the family settled in Cape Town, where the family was joined by a younger sister, Princess Irene, born in 1942.[5] Prince Constantine, Princess Sofia, their mother and their aunt Princess Katherine were initially lodged with South African Governor-General Patrick Duncan at his official residence Westbrooke in Cape Town.
The group subsequently moved several times until they settled in Villa Irene in Pretoria with Prime Minister Jan Smuts, who quickly became a close friend of the exiled Greeks. From early 1944, the family again took up residence in Egypt. In January 1944, Frederica was reunited with Paul in Cairo, and their children joined them in March of that year. Despite their difficult financial circumstances, the family then established friendly relations with several Egyptian personalities, including Queen Farida, whose daughters were roughly the same age as Constantine and his sisters.
After World War II and return to Greece
[edit]
In 1944, at the end of World War II, Nazi Germany gradually withdrew from Greece. While the majority of exiled Greeks were able to return to their country, the royal family had to remain in exile because of the growing republican opposition at home. Britain tried to reinstate King George, who remained in exile in London, but most of the resistance, in particular the communists, were opposed. Instead, George had to appoint from exile a Regency Council headed by Archbishop Damaskinos of Athens, who immediately appointed a republican-majority government headed by Nikolaos Plastiras. George, who was humiliated, ill and powerless, considered abdicating for a time in favour of his brother, but eventually decided against it.
Prince Paul, who was more combative but also more popular than his brother, would have liked to return to Greece as heir to the throne as early as the liberation of Athens in 1944, as he believed that back in his country he would have been quickly proclaimed regent, which would have blocked the way for Damaskinos and made it easier to restore the monarchy.
However, the unstable situation in the country and the polarisation between communists and bourgeois allowed the monarchists to return to power after the parliamentary elections of March 1946. After becoming prime minister, Konstantinos Tsaldaris organised a referendum on 1 September 1946 with the aim of allowing George to return to the throne. The majority in the referendum was in favour of reinstating the monarchy, at which time Constantine and his family also returned to Greece. In a country still suffering from rationing and deprivation, they moved back to the villa in Psychikó. It was there that Paul and Frederica chose to start a small school, where Constantine and his sisters received their first education under the supervision of Jocelin Winthrop Young, a British disciple of the German-Jewish educator Kurt Hahn.[39]
The tension between communists and conservatives led, in the following years, to the Greek Civil War. That conflict was fought mainly in northern Greece. The Civil War ended in 1949, with the victory of the bourgeois and royalists, who had been supported by Britain and the United States.[40]
Crown Prince
[edit]
Education
[edit]
During the Civil War, on 1 April 1947, George died. Thus, Constantine's father ascended the throne, and Constantine himself became Crown Prince of Greece at the age of six.[41][42] He then moved with his family from the villa in Psychiko to Tatoi Palace at the foot of the Parnitha Mountains in the northern part of the Attica peninsula.
The first years of Paul's reign did not bring great upheavals in his son's daily life. Constantine and his sisters were brought up relatively simply, and communication was at the heart of the pedagogy of their parents, who spent all the time they could with their children. Supervised by various British governesses and tutors, the children spoke English in the family but were also fluent in Greek. Until he was nine, Constantine continued to be educated with his sisters and other companions from Athens' wealthier population in the villa at Psychiko.
After that age, Paul decided to begin preparing his son for the throne. He then started at the Anávryta lyceum in Marousi, northeast of Athens, which also followed Kurt Hahn's pedagogy. He attended school there as a boarder between 1950 and 1958,[47] while his sisters attended school in Salem, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. From 1955, Constantine served in all three branches of the Hellenic Armed Forces, attending the requisite military academies. He also attended the NATO Air Force Special Weapons School in Germany, as well as the University of Athens, where he took courses in the school of law.[6] In 1955, he received the title of Duke of Sparta.[50]
Sailing and the Olympic Games
[edit]
Constantine was an able sportsman. In 1958, Paul gave his son a Lightning class sailing boat for Christmas. Subsequently, Constantine spent most of his free time training with the boat on the Saronic Gulf. After a few months, the Greek Navy gave the prince a Dragon class sailing boat, with which he decided to participate in the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. At the opening of the Games in Rome, he was the flag bearer for the Greek team.[52] He won an Olympic gold medal in Sailing (Dragon class), which was the first Greek gold medal since the Stockholm 1912 Summer Olympics.[53] Constantine was the helmsman of the boat Nireus and other members of the team included Odysseus Eskitzoglou and Georgios Zaimis.[52]
Constantine was also a strong swimmer and had a black belt in karate, with interests in squash, track events, and riding.[6] In 1963, Constantine became a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). He resigned in 1974 because he was no longer a Greek resident, and was made an honorary IOC member.[54] He was an honorary member of the International Soling Association[55] and president of the International Dragon Association.[56]
Reign
[edit]
Accession
[edit]
In 1964, Paul's health deteriorated rapidly. He was diagnosed with stomach cancer and underwent surgery for an ulcer in February. Prior to this, Constantine had already been appointed regent for his ailing father while waiting for his recovery.[58] During his regency, Constantine limited himself to signing decrees and appointing members of the government, as well as accepting their resignations.[50] As the king's condition worsened, the crown prince went to Tinos to attain an icon considered miraculous by the Greek Orthodox Church. On 6 March 1964, Paul died and the 23-year-old Constantine succeeded him as King of the Hellenes. The new king ascended the throne as Constantine II, although some of his supporters preferred to call him Constantine XIII to emphasize the supposed continuity between the former Byzantine Empire and the Kingdom of Greece. On 23 March 1964, he was sworn in before the parliament and was invested as chief of the armed forces with the highest ranks in each branch.[52][63]
Due to his youth, Constantine was also perceived as a promise of change. Greece was still feeling the effects of the Civil War and society was strongly polarised between the royalist-conservative right wing and the liberal-socialist left wing. The accession of Constantine coincided with the recent election of centrist George Papandreou as prime minister in February 1964, which ended 11 years of right-wing rule by the National Radical Union (ERE). The Greek society hoped that the new young king and the new prime minister would be able to overcome past dissensions.[64]
Apostasia of 1965
[edit]
Constantine succeeded to the throne at a time when Greek society was experiencing economic and employment growth, but also political crises and violent social protests.[65] Political instability worsened in 1965. At a meeting with Papandreou that took place on 11 July 1965 in Korfu, Constantine requested that those implicated in the ASPIDA scandal, in which several military officials tried to prevent attempts by the extreme right-wing military to seize power, be referred to a military tribunal.[52][66] Papandreou agreed and raised with him his intention to dismiss the then minister of defence, Petros Garoufalias, so that he could take charge himself of the ministry.[52] Constantine refused, as the scandal wrongly implicated the prime minister's son, Andreas Papandreou.[52] After several clashes by letter between the monarch and the prime minister, Papandreou resigned on 15 July.[67][68] Following the resignation, at least 39 members of Parliament left Center Union.[65]
Constantine appointed a new government led by Georgios Athanasiadis-Novas, speaker of the parliament, which was formed by defectors disaffected with the Papandreous (the 'Apostates').[67][68] Soon, thousands of citizens took to the streets to protest against Constantine's decision, unprecedented protests that led to clashes with the Cities Police.[65][67] On 21 July 1965, the protests in the centre of Athens came to a head, and in one of these clashes a policeman killed the 25-year-old student Sotiris Petroulas, leader of the student movement and of the "Lambrakis Youth". His death became a symbol of the protests and his funeral was widely attended.[68][65] Athanasiadis-Novas's government did not receive a vote of confidence from parliament and Athanasiadis-Novas resigned on 5 August 1965. The two big parties, National Radical Union and Center Union, asked Constantine to call elections, but he asked Stefanos Stefanopoulos to form a government. He then ordered Ilias Tsirimokos to form a government on 18 August but he did not receive the vote of confidence of the parliament on a vote on 28 August either. Constantine finally ordered Stefanopoulos to form a government and obtained the parliamentary confidence on 17 December 1965. An end to the crisis seemed in sight when on 20 December 1966, Papandreou, ERE leader Panagiotis Kanellopoulos and the king reached a resolution; elections would be held under a straightforward system of proportional representation where all parties participating agreed to compete, and that, in any outcome, the command structure of the army would not be altered.[69] The third "apostate" government fell on 22 December 1966, and was succeeded by Ioannis Paraskevopoulos, who was to govern until the parliamentary elections of 28 May 1967, which were expected to favour a victory for Georgios Papandreou's Centre Union.[70][71] Paraskevopoulos resigned and Kanellopoulos stepped in to fill the role of the Prime Minister on 3 April 1967 until the election.[72]
Greek dictatorship of 1967–1974
[edit]
Main article: Greek junta
Historians have suspected that Constantine and his mother were interested in a coup d'état from mid-1965 at the latest. US Army Attaché Charles Perkins reported that military right-wing group "Sacred Bond of Greek Officers" (IDEA) "plans for coup and military dictatorship in Greece", that Constantine was aware and that the group was aware that any operation in this direction with the cooperation of the US must have the permission of the king.[73] According to Charilaos Lagoudakis, a US State Department expert on Greece, by mid-1966 Constantine had already approved a coup plan.[73] On the other hand, historian C.M. Woodhouse rejects any involvement of Constantine in the conspiracy.[73]
A traditionalist, right-wing nationalist group of middle-ranking army officers led by Colonel George Papadopoulos took action first and staged a coup d'état on 21 April using the fear of "communist danger" as the main reason for the coup.[71] Tanks rolled through the streets of Athens, rifle shots were heard and military songs were played on the radio until the announcement that "The Hellenic Armed Forces have undertaken the governance of the country" was made public. Some high-ranking politicians were arrested, as well as the commander-in-chief of the army.[74] The coup leaders met Constantine at his residence in Tatoi at about 7 a.m, which was surrounded by tanks to prevent resistance and the coup seemed to have succeeded bloodlessly. Constantine later recounted that the officers of the tank platoons believed they were carrying out the coup under his orders.[75] They asked Constantine to swear in the new government. Despite the detained Prime Minister Knellopoulos urging resistance, Constantine compromised with them to avoid bloodshed and in the afternoon swore in a new military government. He did, however, insist on appointing Supreme Court prosecutor Konstantinos Kollias as prime minister.[71] On 26 April, in his speech on the new regime, he affirmed that "I am sure that with the will of God, with your efforts and above all with the help of the people, the organization of a State of Law, an authentic and healthy democracy".[68] According to the then-US ambassador to Greece, Phillips Talbot, Constantine expressed his anger at this situation, revealed to him that he no longer had control of the army and claimed that "incredibly stupid extreme right-wing bastards with control of the tanks are leading Greece to destruction".[76]
From his inauguration as king, Constantine already manifested his disagreements with Archbishop Chrysostomos II of Athens. With the military dictatorship, he had the opportunity to be removed from the Greek Orthodox Cephaly, in fact it was one of the first measures with which Constantine collaborated with the Junta. On 28 April 1967, Chrysostomos II was retained and was forced to resign after having to sign one of the two versions of the letter brought to him by an official of the royal palace. Finally, Ieronymos Kotsonis was elected as metropolitan by the junta's and Constantine's proposal on 13 May 1967.[77]
Royal countercoup of 13 December 1967 and exile
[edit]
From the outset, the relationship between Constantine and the regime of the colonels was an uneasy one, especially when he refused to sign the decree imposing martial law and asked Talbot to flee Greece in an American helicopter with his family.[78][76] But the administration of US president Lyndon B. Johnson wanted to keep Constantine in Greece to negotiate with the junta for the return of democracy.[76] The presence of the United States Sixth Fleet in the Aegean Sea outraged the junta government, which forced Constantine to get rid of his private secretary, Michail Arnaoutis [el].[76] Arnaoutis, who had served as the king's military instructor in the 1950s and became his close friend, was generally reviled among the public for his role in the palace intrigues of the previous years. The junta, considering him an able and dangerous plotter, dismissed him from the army.[79] The king and his entourage were beginning to worry that the future of the monarchy was endangered.[76] Constantine visited the United States in the following days and in a meeting with Johnson, Constantine asked for military aid for a countercoup he was planning, but without success.[76] The junta, however, had information about Constantine's conspiracy.[76] Constantine later described himself as having the idea of a countercoup ten minutes after he found out about the junta's rise to power.[80]
Constantine began negotiations with the officials loyal to him in the summer of 1967. His objective was to mobilise the units of the army loyal to him and to restore parliamentary legitimacy. The action was planned by Lieutenant General Konstantinos Dovas.[76] Several military authorities joined the plan, including lieutenant general Antonakos, chief of the air force, Konstantinos Kollias, lieutenant general Kechagias, Ioannis Manettas, brigadier generals Erselman and Vidalis, major general Zalochoris, and others, so it was expected that the counterattack would be successful.[76] The king communicated with Konstantinos Karamanlis, who was exiled in Paris and aware of the plot, and attempted to persuade him return to assume the post of prime minister if this movement was successful, but he refused.[76] The main objective of the plan drawn up by the movement was that all the units initiated would occupy Thessaloniki and the king would send a message to the public.[76] It would follow the military operations in Tempi, Larissa and Lamia by the army and the swearing in of a new government by Archbishop Ieronymos with the participation of the centrist Georgios Mavros.[76] Constantine and the involved officials began to realise that the plan could fail as they didn't count on the active support of American intelligence, who were aware of the details of the plan.[76] They intended to initiate their plan on the day of a military parade scheduled for 28 October, but the junta-installed Chief of the Hellenic Army General Staff, Odysseas Angelis, refused to mobilise the units that Georgios Peridis requested. The abortive attempt, along with the visit of Constantine together with Peridis to some military divisions, were noted by the junta.[76]
On the morning of the day the countercoup had been rescheduled to, 13 December 1967, after eight months of planning the countercoup,[80] the royal family flew to Kavala, east of Thessaloniki, accompanied by Prime Minister Konstantinos Kollias who was informed at that moment of Constantine's plan. They arrived at 11:30 a.m. and were well received by the citizens.[76] But some conspirators were neutralised, such as General Manettas, and Odysseas Angelis informed the public of the plan, asking citizens to obey his orders minutes before telecommunications were cut off.[76] By noon, all the airbases, except one in Athens, had joined the royalist movement, and fleet leader Vice Admiral Dedes, before being arrested, ordered successfully the whole fleet sail towards Kavala in obedience to the king.[76] They did not manage to take Thessaloniki and it soon became apparent that the senior officers were not in control of their units. This, along with the arrest of several officers, including the capture of Peridis that afternoon, and the delay in the execution of some orders, led to the countercoup's failure.[76]
The junta, led by Georgios Papadopoulos, on the same day appointed General Georgios Zoitakis as Regent of Greece. Archbishop Ieronymos swore Zoitakis into office in Athens.[76] Constantine, the royal family and Konstantinos Kollias took off in torrential rain from Kavala for exile in Rome, where they arrived at 4 p.m. on 14 December, with their plane having only five minutes of fuel left.[80] In 2004, Constantine said that he would have done everything the same, but with more caution. Two weeks after his exile, photos of Constantine and his family celebrating Christmas with normality in the Greek Ambassador to Italy's home reached Greek media, which didn't do Constantine's reputation "any favour".[80] He remained in exile in Italy through the rest of military rule, although he technically continued as king until 1 June 1973. He was never to return to Greece as a reigning monarch.[76]
Constantine stated, "I am sure I shall go back the way my ancestors did."[78] He said to the Toronto Star:
I consider myself King of the Hellenes and sole expression of legality in my country until the Greek people freely decide otherwise. I fully expected that the (military) regime would depose me eventually. They are frightened of the Crown because it is a unifying force among the people.[6]
Throughout the dictatorship, Constantine maintained contact with the junta, maintaining direct communication with the colonels and kept the royal subsidy until 1973.[68] On 21 March 1972, Papadopoulos became Regent.[81] At the end of May 1973, senior officers of the Greek navy organised an abortive coup to overthrow the junta government, but failed.[68][63] The dictators considered Constantine to be involved, so on 1 June, with a constitutional act, Papadopoulos declared the monarchy abolished. He converted the country into a presidential and parliamentary state and assumed the interim presidency of the republic.[68][63] In June 1973, Papadopoulos condemned Constantine as "a collaborator with foreign forces and with murderers" and accused him of "pursuing ambitions to become a political leader".[6] The referendum of 29 July confirmed the end of the Greek monarchy and the end of the reign of Constantine.[68][63] That year, the junta expropriated the palace of Tatoi and offered the king 120 million drachmas, money that Constantine refused.[82]
Restoration of democracy and the referendum
[edit]
Main article: Metapolitefsi
The Turkish invasion of Cyprus led to the downfall of the military regime, and Konstantinos Karamanlis returned from exile to become prime minister. The 1973 republican constitution was regarded as illegitimate, and the new administration issued a decree restoring the 1952 constitution. Constantine expected an invitation to return.[6] On 24 July, he declared his "deep satisfaction with the initiative of the armed forces in overthrowing the dictatorial regime" and welcomed the advent of Karamanlis as prime minister.[83]
Following the appointment of a civilian government in November 1974 after the first post-junta legislative election, Karamanlis called a referendum, held on 8 December 1974, on whether Greece would restore the monarchy or remain a republic.[68] Although he had been the leader of the traditionally monarchist right, Karamanlis made no attempt to encourage a vote in favour of restoring the monarch. The king was not allowed by the government to return to Greece to campaign for the restoration of constitutional monarchy. He was only allowed to broadcast to the Greek people from London on television. Analysts claim this was a deliberate act by the government to reduce the possibility of a vote in favour of restoration.[84]
Constantine, speaking from London, said he had made mistakes in the past. He said he would always be supportive of democracy in future and promised that his mother would stay away from the country.[6] Local monarchists campaigned on his behalf. The vote to restore the monarchy was only about 31% with most of the support coming from the Peloponnese region. Almost 69% of the electorate voted against the restoration of the monarchy and for the establishment of a republic.[6][68][63]
Life in exile after 1974
[edit]
Constantine remained in exile for 40 years after the vote in favour of the republic, living in Italy and the United Kingdom.[85][63] He returned briefly for the first time in February 1981, which was to attend the funeral of his mother in the family cemetery of the former Royal Palace at Tatoi. The funeral was generally controversial, due to the little empathy generated by Queen Frederica and the royal family, which is why the government authorized him to stay only for six hours in the country.[86] His gesture of kissing the ground upon arrival in Greece was also polemic as it was considered an act of provocation for the antiroyalists.[68][87]
Abortive conspiracies
[edit]
The posthumously published archives of Konstantinos Karamanlis, as well as the memoirs of Constantine's former marshal of the court, Leonidas Papagos [el], revealed that from 1975 to 1978, Constantine was involved in a conspiracy to overthrow the democratic government, including the assassination of Karamanlis and a followed referendum on the monarchy.[88] Constantine's close confidant, Michail Arnaoutis, approached high-ranking officers to try to gain their support. After some naval officers approached expressed doubts that Arnaoutis spoke for the former king, the chief engineer of the fleet was invited to London, where Constantine confirmed the basic outline of the plot as relayed by Arnaoutis.[88] The naval officers approached informed Karamanlis, who sent Papagos to warn Constantine to "stop conspiring" and the former monarch denied knowledge of the conspiracy, but when called upon, Arnaoutis confirmed his contacts with officers in Greece in the presence of both Constantine and Papagos.[88] The events were confirmed in 1999 by one of the officers whom Arnaoutis had approached, Vice Admiral Ioannis Vasileiadis, after the publication of Papagos' memoirs. According to Vasileiadis, Arnaoutis said that Constantine had contacted the Shah of Iran in order to prevent possible Turkish military action during the coup.[88][79]
Karamanlis was also alerted to Constantine's suspicious activities by the British secret services, who had apparently taped his conversations with Greek visitors. In October 1976, the Greek prime minister was informed by the British ambassador that Constantine, while not the driving force behind the conspiracy, was very much aware of it and did nothing to discourage it.[88] The British also provided warnings that sympathizers had informed Constantine that a coup would take place in November 1976, led by low-ranking army officers loyal to former dictator Dimitrios Ioannidis. Karamanlis and his chief diplomatic adviser, Petros Molyviatis, applied pressure on both the British and US governments, which led to a personal intervention by British prime minister James Callaghan, who warned Constantine off. The Greek government repeatedly sent envoys to the former king for the same purpose, but he denied any knowledge of the affair.[88] Karamanlis chose not to publicise it in order to not destabilise the fragile democratic system in Greece.[88] Nevertheless, in October 1978, Constantine and Arnaoutis were recorded by Greek agents to have sought contact with military and political leaders, trying to win them over to the cause of a royal restoration.[88]
1993 visit to Greece
[edit]
At the funeral of King Baudouin of Belgium, a private agreement was made between Constantine and the new conservative Greek prime minister, Konstantinos Mitsotakis, that allowed Constantine and his family to temporarily return to Greece on a holiday.[89] Constantine was accompanied by his wife Anne-Marie, their five children, and his sister Irene. The family had decided that yachting around Greece would be the best way to showcase the country to their children, who were unable to grow up within Greece.[89] The opposition claimed that the government was attempting to reinstate the monarchy.[89] On 9 August 1993, the family departed from the UK on two planes, including a jet donated to Constantine by King Hussein of Jordan. The Greek government was unaware of Constantine and his family's holiday, which had been planned and charted by Princess Alexia. Constantine, and then his family a few hours later, landed in Thessaloniki, before boarding a yacht.[89]
The family's yacht then travelled 300 metres off the shore of Mount Athos. Constantine and his two eldest sons, Crown Prince Pavlos and Prince Nikolaos, travelled upon a dingy to get to the mainland, where women were unallowed to visit.[89] Upon arriving, Constantine noticed his portrait in every monastery and learnt that the monks there had been praying for him every day since his exile. Nine monks followed Constantine back to their yacht to bless the rest of his family, display holy relics and present gifts.[89] Constantine then took a helicopter and landed on a soccer pitch in Florina, where "hundreds" of people greeted him with handshakes and flowers. Constantine's decision to land in Florina was named a "politically sensitive spot to appear in" in view of the region's greater support for the monarchy over other regions and due to the Macedonia naming dispute. Constantine and his family took a van north in order see the northernmost part of Greece, and were reportedly followed by between 50 and 100 cars. However, the Greek government had organised for the police to block the road, claiming that Constantine's journey was "a political step", rather than touristic.[89] Protestors attempted to open up the road, but failed. In the next village the family stopped at, a local government official told Constantine that he would kicked out of Greece if he did not act like a tourist.[89]
Following this clash between police and protestors in support of Constantine, Mitsotakis made a public statement explaining that the government "had no prior knowledge of the visit and had never agreed to it. Strong action will be taken if the ex-king violates our conditions."[89] Afterwards, Constantine and his family returned to Athens to visit Tatoi Palace and his parents' graves, where a short memorial service was held. During this trip, Constantine chose where his future tomb would be. Telling Sky UK presenter Selina Scott, Constantine said that having to leave his belongings when going into exile taught him that "material things are not that important".[89] He also expressed his wishes to move back into the property and clean up the land surrounding it. Constantine was then warned by the government to move on from Tatoi and alerted them of protestors who were threatening to burn Tatoi's forestry down.[89]
Whilst travelling to Spetses, the government ordered that Constantine should not travel to heavily populated areas, to which Constantine said, "It's a free country".[89] When he arrived at a port in Spetses, a harbour policeman jumped onto their boat, but Constantine pushed him to the side and set foot on the mainland. A crowd greeted Constantine and his family, but at night and during the following day, their yacht was surrounded by government ships and flown over by military planes. Constantine then contacted Sky News UK and was interviewed by presenter David Blaine, to whom Constantine told on live air that he was being harassed by the government, who had "frightened the daylights" out of his children.[89] Constantine's yacht was on course to stop at Gytheio, where a reported 5,000 to 10,000 people were waiting for him. Military warships were denying the yacht's progress towards the town, so Constantine stopped in Neapoli Voion, where there was a crowd of a few hundred people, but also many anti-monarchists. Following this stop, Constantine and his family returned to the UK.[89]
Legal quarrels over the royal properties
[edit]
In 1992, Constantine reclaimed all the movable property from the palace of Tatoi, which was transported in containers to the residence of the royal couple in exile amid shouts of citizens.[68][82] That same year, he signed an agreement with the Mitsotakis government to cede most of his movable property in Greece to a non-profit foundation in the country, in exchange for recovering Tatoi.[82] Two years later, as stated in a bill legislated in 1994, Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou abrogated that agreement and refused to return the properties seized from Constantine. The law also stripped Greek citizenships from Constantine and all members of the royal family. The only way they could regain their citizenship and passports would be if Constantine swore allegiance to the new republican constitution and renounced his and his descendants' rights as heirs of the former Greek throne. Constantine refused to do so.[90] That same year, Constantine requested the return of the palace of Tatoi to his ownership, arguing that it is rightfully his as his ancestors had personally purchased the building and the surrounding land, however the Papandreou government refused.[68][82]
Constantine, Anne-Marie, Irene and Princess Katherine, Constantine's aunt, took the Greek government to court in April 1996 over the confiscation of their citizenships and properties.[91][68][82] The Supreme Civil and Criminal Court of Greece agreed with their discrimination claim, however the Council of State overrode their decision and stated that the removal of their passports was a measure taken that conforms with the constitution of the Third Republic. As a result, Constantine took Greece to court in the European Court of Human Rights and sued them for €200 million.[92][93]
I feel the Greek government have acted unjustly and vindictively. They treat me sometimes as if I am their enemy – I am not the enemy. I consider it the greatest insult in this world for a Greek to be told he is not a Greek or for a Greek to be told that he has to apply for his nationality. I was born Greek, I am Greek and I will die Greek, and there are certain things that every human being will not go further with. You cannot push an individual further and this is my limit.
— Constantine II upon his decision to take the Greek government to court.[94][93]
Months after the initiation of the claim, the court ruled in the royal family's favour in November 2000. The ruling, however, did not require the government to return the family's properties and instead allowed them to be compensated through money. Of the €200 million claim, Constantine won €12 million, Irene won €900,000 and Katherine €300,000.[93] The court encouraged six months of meetings between Constantine and the Greek government to coordinate a settlement, however the Greek government refused.[90] Constantine and his family did not receive their citizenship back. Although originally requesting Spanish citizenships, Anne-Marie eventually requested her sister, Margrethe II, to have Danish diplomatic passports established in the names of the members of the Greek royal family. She agreed and in their Danish passports, Constantine and Anne-Marie's names were established as "HM King Constantine II" and "HM Queen Anne-Marie".[95][96]
Constantine, in turn, created the Anna-Maria Foundation to allocate the funds in question back to the Greek people for use in "extraordinary natural disasters" and charitable causes. The court decision also ruled that Constantine's human rights were not violated by the Greek state's decision not to grant him Greek citizenship and passport unless he adopts a surname. Constantine said of this "the law basically said that I had to go out and acquire a name. The problem is that my family originates from Denmark and the Danish royal family haven't got a surname."[94]
Later life
[edit]
Following the abolition of the monarchy, Constantine repeatedly stated that he recognised the republic, the laws and the constitution of Greece. He told Time, "If the Greek people decide that they want a republic, they are entitled to have that and should be left in peace to enjoy it."[97] Constantine and Anne-Marie for many years lived in Hampstead Garden Suburb, London. Constantine was a close friend of his second cousin Charles III, then Prince of Wales, and a godfather to Charles's son Prince William. Constantine's 60th birthday lunch marked the first time that Charles and Camilla Parker Bowles were seen in public together in a relationship.[80] In 2004, Constantine returned to Greece temporarily during the Athens Olympic Games as a member of the International Olympic Committee.[98] Later that year, when asked whether he thought he would be the last monarch of Greece, Constantine said that it is "very hard" to determine the future.[80] Constantine served as patron of Box Hill School, a private school in Mickleham, in the south of England until his death.
According to a nationwide 2007 survey of 2,040 households in Greece conducted on behalf of the newspaper To Vima, only 11.6% supported a constitutional monarchy. More than half of the respondents, 50.9%, considered that the dictatorship of the junta had brought benefits to Greece.[99] During the 2008 Beijing and 2012 London Olympics, Constantine, in his role as honorary member of the International Olympic Committee, was the official presenter at the sailing medal ceremonies. He was Co-President of Honour of the International Sailing Federation, along with Harald V of Norway, from 1994 on.[100]
In 2013, Constantine pledged in an interview with CNN that he would never become involved in restoring the monarchy. When asked by reporter Richard Quest whether he was content with never becoming the monarch again, Constantine said, "If the Greek people are happy with the system they have today, why should I be the one to change it? Just because I would like to be a king again? That would be crazy."[101] Later that same year, Constantine returned to reside in Greece after selling his Hampstead house.[102] From 2015 they lived in a villa in the coastal resort town of Porto Cheli in Argolis in the Peloponnese peninsula.[103] In November 2015, his autobiography was published in three volumes by the national newspaper, To Vima.[104] On 10 January 2022, he was admitted to the hospital after testing positive for COVID-19, which he had been fully vaccinated against.[105]
Death
[edit]
Constantine suffered multiple health problems in his final years, including heart conditions and decreased mobility.[106] On 6 January 2023, he was admitted to the intensive care unit of the private Hygiea hospital in Athens in critical condition after suffering a stroke.[107] He died 4 days later, on 10 January 2023, at the age of 82.[108][109] His death was leaked by Associated Press,[110] but was then announced by his private office.[111] Constantine never formally renounced his title as King of the Hellenes due to Greek Orthodox anointment tradition, which states that a monarch will never lose their status until their death.[80]
By the decision of the Greek government, Constantine was not given a state funeral. The funeral took place on 16 January in the Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens in the presence of Archbishop Ieronymos II and 200 attendees, including ten current and former European monarchs – Philippe of Belgium, Simeon II of Bulgaria, Margrethe II of Denmark, Henri of Luxembourg, Albert II of Monaco, Beatrix and Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, Juan Carlos I and Felipe VI of Spain, and Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden – and members of the royal houses of Baden, Hanover, Iran, Jordan, Liechtenstein, Norway, Romania, Russia, Schleswig-Holstein, Serbia and the United Kingdom. The Greek government was represented by Minister of Culture Lina Mendoni and Deputy Prime Minister Panagiotis Pikrammenos. Constantine was buried in Tatoi next to his parents that same day.[112][113]
Marriage and issue
[edit]
On 18 September 1964, in a Greek Orthodox ceremony in the Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens, Constantine married Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark, his third cousin.[52]
Issue
[edit]
Name Birth Marriage Children Date Spouse Princess Alexia (1965-07-10) 10 July 1965 (age 59) 9 July 1999 Carlos Morales Quintana
Arrietta Morales y de Grecia
Anna-Maria Morales y de Grecia
Carlos Morales y de Grecia
Amelia Morales y de Grecia
Crown Prince Pavlos (1967-05-20) 20 May 1967 (age 57) 1 July 1995 Marie-Chantal Miller Prince Nikolaos (1969-10-01) 1 October 1969 (age 54) 25 August 2010
Separated 2024 Tatiana Blatnik Princess Theodora (1983-06-09) 9 June 1983 (age 41) Prince Philippos (1986-04-26) 26 April 1986 (age 38) 12 December 2020 / 23 October 2021 Nina Flohr
Ancestry
[edit]
Titles, styles and honours
[edit]
Titles and styles
[edit]
Until 1994, Constantine's official Greek passport identified him as "Constantine, Former King of the Hellenes". A law passed in 1994 stripped him of his Greek citizenship, passport and property. The law stated that Constantine could not be granted a Greek passport unless he adopted a surname. Constantine stated, "I don't have a surname — my family doesn't have a surname. The law that Mr Papandreou passed basically says that he considers that I am not Greek and that my family was Greek only so long as we were exercising the responsibilities of sovereign, and I had to go out and acquire a surname. The problem is that my family originates from Denmark, and the Danish royal family haven't got a surname." Glücksburg, he said, was not a family surname but the name of a town. He said, "I might as well call myself Mr. Kensington."[114]
Constantine freely travelled in and out of Greece on a Danish passport, as Constantino de Grecia (Spanish for 'Constantine of Greece'),[115] because Denmark (upon request) issues diplomatic passports to any descendants of King Christian IX and Queen Louise, and Constantine was a Prince of Denmark in his own right.[116] During his first visit to Greece using this passport, Constantine was mocked by some of the Greek media, which hellenised the "de Grecia" designation and used it as a surname, thus naming him Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Ντεγκρέτσιας, romanized: Konstantínos Degrétsias.[115]
The International Olympic Committee continued to refer to Constantine as His Majesty King Constantine.[117] In Greece, he was referred to as ο τέως βασιλιάς or ο πρώην βασιλιάς ('the former king'). His official website lists his "correct form of address" as King Constantine, former King of the Hellenes.[118]
National honours
[edit]
Greece
Grand Cross of the Royal Order of the Redeemer (by birth)
Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Saints George and Constantine
Grand Cross of the Order of George I
Grand Cross of Order of the Phoenix
Medal of Military Merit 1st Class
Recipient of the Commemorative Badge of the Centenary of the Royal House of Greece
Foreign honours
[edit]
Denmark:
Knight of the Order of the Elephant
Grand Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog
France: Grand Cross of the Order of the Legion of Honour
Iranian Imperial Family: Recipient of the Commemorative Medal of the 2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire
Italy: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic[119]
Luxembourg: Knight of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
Netherlands: Grand Cross of the Order of the House of Orange
Norway: Grand Cross of the Order of St Olav
Spain: 1.176th Knight of the Spanish Order of the Golden Fleece
Sweden: Knight of the Order of the Seraphim
United States: Commander of the Legion of Merit
Awards
[edit]
Scout Association of Japan Golden Pheasant Award (1964)[120]
International Sailing Federation Beppe Croce Trophy (2010)[121]
See also
[edit]
Biography portal
Greece portal
Timeline of Greek history
History of modern Greece
List of Olympic medalists in sailing § Dragon class
Round Square
References
[edit]
Bibliography
[edit]
Further reading
[edit]
Constantine II of Greece (2015). "Βασιλεύς Κωνσταντίνος". Athens: To Vima. ISBN 978-960-503-693-5.
Woodhouse, C.M. (1998). Modern Greece a Short History. London: Faber & Faber. ISBN 0-571-19794-9.
Αλέξης Παπαχελάς (1997). Ο βιασμός της ελληνικής δημοκρατίας. Athens:Εστία. ISBN 960-05-0748-1.
Γιάννης Κάτρης (1974). Η γέννηση του νεοφασισμού στην Ελλάδα 1960–1970. Athens: Παπαζήση.
Καδδάς, Αναστάσιος Γ. (2010). "Η Ελληνική Βασιλική Οικογένεια". Athens: Εκδόσεις Φερενίκη. ISBN 978-960-9513-03-6.
Official website of the Greek Royal Family
HM King Constantine at Olympics.com
Crown Prince Constantine at the Hellenic Olympic Committee
Crown Prince Konstantinos at Olympedia
H.R.H. Konstantin of Greece at World Sailing
ΜΑΡΙΟΣ ΠΛΩΡΙΤΗΣ:Απάντηση στον Γκλύξμπουργκ, Εφημερίδα Το ΒΗΜΑ, Κυριακή 10 Ιουνίου 2001 – Αρ. Φύλλου 13283
ΜΑΡΙΟΣ ΠΛΩΡΙΤΗΣ:Δευτερολογία για τον Γκλύξμπουργκ, Εφημερίδα Το ΒΗΜΑ, Κυριακή 24 Ιουνίου 2001 – Αρ. Φύλλου 13295
ΣΤΑΥΡΟΣ Π. ΨΥΧΑΡΗΣ: H ΣΥΝΤΑΓΗ ΤΗΣ ΚΡΙΣΗΣ, Εφημερίδα Το ΒΗΜΑ, 17/10/2004 – Κωδικός άρθρου: B14292A011 ID: 265758
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22781
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yago
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https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1354704/
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en
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King Constantine II
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King Constantine II. Self: Foroogh-e Javidan. King Constantine II was born on 2 June 1940 in Villa Psychiko, Athens, Greece. He was married to Queen Anne-Marie. He died on 10 January 2023 in Athens, Greece.
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en
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IMDb
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https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1354704/
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King Constantine II was born on 2 June 1940 in Villa Psychiko, Athens, Greece. He was married to Queen Anne-Marie. He died on 10 January 2023 in Athens, Greece.
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22781
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yago
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https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64296757
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Greece's last king Constantine II buried in private funeral
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2023-01-16T18:33:34+00:00
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European royals - including Princess Anne - bid farewell to Constantine II at a service in Athens.
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en
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/bbcx/apple-touch-icon.png
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https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64296757
|
Greece's final king, Constantine II, has been laid to rest in a private funeral after he died at the age of 82.
European royals - including Princess Anne - gathered to pay their respects at the service in Athens on Monday.
Constantine, who reigned from 1964-73, had been suffering with heart and mobility problems before he died.
The Greek government was criticised after it decided not to grant him a state funeral - as the monarchy was abolished in the 1970s.
During his eulogy at Athens Metropolitan Cathedral, Constantine's eldest son Pavlos said his father ascended to the throne during a difficult period.
He said: "This is not the end, father. You will live forever in our thoughts and hearts."
Denmark's Queen Margrethe II was among the European royals who attended the service. She is the sister of Constantine's wife, Anne-Marie - whom he had five children with.
Constantine's sister Sophia, who was also in attendance, is the wife of Spain's former King Juan Carlos and mother of Spain's current monarch, King Felipe VI. Felipe attended the funeral together with his wife, Queen Letizia.
King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden and his wife Queen Silvia were among the mourners too, as well as Prince Albert of Monaco.
The British Crown was represented by Princess Anne. Her brother King Charles III was unable to attend due to diary commitments including meeting the president of Cyprus on Monday.
Constantine was distantly related to the British royal family and was a godfather of the Prince of Wales and Lady Gabriella Windsor, the daughter of Prince and Princess Michael of Kent.
The private service was officiated by Archbishop Ieronymos, head of the Orthodox church of Greece.
Constantine's coffin, which was draped with the Greek flag, was taken to Tatoi, the former royal estate north of Athens where he was to be buried.
At least 2,000 mourners queued outside to pay their respects, according to state television ERT.
Some were seen holding flags of the royal era, along with flowers and portraits of the ex-king and his wife.
Constantine had reigned for just three years before an army dictatorship seized control of Greece in 1967.
He tried to organise a military counter-coup but it failed and he fled to Rome with the rest of the royal family, and later to London.
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https://people.com/royals/all-about-greek-royal-family-tree/
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Meet the Greek Royals: All About the Modern Princes and Princesses of the Former Monarchy
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[] |
[
""
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[
"Catherine Santino",
"www.facebook.com"
] |
2023-05-05T16:40:20-04:00
|
Greece's royal family was previously led by King Constantine II before the monarchy was abolished in 1973. Here's a guide to the family's modern royals, from Crown Prince Pavlos to Princess Maria-Olympia.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Peoplemag
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https://people.com/royals/all-about-greek-royal-family-tree/
|
Though they are no longer legally recognized, the members of the Greek royal family remain prominent figures in society.
Beginning with King George I in 1863, the monarchy ruled in Greece until 1924, and again from 1935 to 1973. The last king of Greece, Constantine II, took the throne at age 23 after the death of his father, Paul I, in 1964. After only a few years in power, however, King Constantine was forced to flee the country after a right-wing military dictatorship staged a coup in 1967.
Following an unsuccessful counter-coup from the king and his supporters, Constantine left for Rome and eventually relocated to London, living in exile for many years with his wife, Queen Anne-Marie, and their children. The monarchy was officially abolished in 1973, but Constantine did not return to Greece permanently until 2013. Instead, he and his family lived for many years in Hampstead Garden Suburb in London, where he was said to have close ties to now King Charles III.
Even after the king's death in 2023, his surviving wife goes by the title of Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, and other members of the family still stylize themselves with royal titles.
Constantine and Anne-Marie's five children — Alexia, Pavlos, Nikolaos, Theodora and Philippos — and nine grandchildren continue to represent the now-defunct Greek monarchy. As the first son, Pavlos is his father's heir and holds the symbolic title of the crown prince.
While many of the royal family members still live in Europe, others have moved to the U.S. to pursue their education and careers like acting, modeling and entrepreneurship.
Keep reading for everything to know about Greece's royal family.
King Constantine II
Constantine II, the last king of Greece, was born in Athens, Greece, on June 2, 1940, to King Paul and Frederica of Hanover. Paul was the late Prince Philip's first cousin and Constantine was reportedly close with his second cousin King Charles. He also became godfather to Prince William.
Constantine went to boarding school and attended the three branches of military academies before studying law at the University of Athens. In 1960, he won a gold medal in sailing at the Rome Olympics and later became a member of the International Olympic Committee.
Following the death of his father in March 1964, Constantine succeeded the throne at age 23. He married Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark on Sept. 18, 1964, and the couple went on to welcome five children: Alexia, Pavlos, Nikolaos, Theodora and Philippos.
King Constantine and Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou came into power around the same time, and the two men clashed often. In April 1967, a military regime known as the Greek junta (or Regime of the Colonels) led a coup; the junta arrested Papandreou, and the king bartered an agreement with the group by recognizing their government. But Constantine had a tenuous relationship with the junta, and in December 1967, he attempted to overthrow their military forces.
When it became clear that the king's coup was failing, Constantine and his family flew to Rome. The Greek monarchy was eventually abolished in 1973, and the junta collapsed just over a year later. Constantine lived in exile in the Hampstead Garden Suburb of London with his family for many years. He returned to Greece in 2013.
On Jan. 10, 2023, Constantine died of a stroke at age 82 in Athens.
A memorial service of Thanksgiving was held at St. George's Chapel in Windsor Castle on Feb. 27, 2024. While members of the British royal family did attend, led by Queen Camilla, Prince William wasn't one of them, despite being scheduled to read at the ceremony. Before the service began, William pulled out due to a personal matter, according to Kensington Palace.
Queen Anne-Marie
Queen Anne-Marie was born Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark on Aug. 30, 1946, in Copenhagen to King Frederick IX of Denmark and Queen Consort Ingrid of Sweden.
18-year-old Anne-Marie married Constantine in Athens in September 1964, making her the first Danish princess to marry a reigning monarch since 1680, according to the New York Times.
Just three years after she and Constantine were wed, they were forced into exile, and her wedding dress was lost in the Tatoi Palace archives. But in November 2023, Town & Country reported that the dress was found again, per a Greek journalist.
"Here is the wedding dress of Queen Anne-Marie located in Tatoi, where a few days ago it was revealed among the personal belongings of the royal family preserved and kept there," Megos wrote on Instagram in the caption in Greek.
The couple welcomed five children: Alexia, Pavlos, Nikolaos, Theodora and Philippos, all of whom are princes and princesses of both Greece and Denmark, though they don't appear in Denmark's line of succession.
At her husband's funeral in January 2023, Anne-Marie wore the same diamond cross necklace she debuted on their wedding day.
Crown Prince Pavlos
Crown Prince Pavlos was born on May 20, 1967, at the Tatoi Palace north of Athens. He is the first son and second child of Constantine and Anne-Marie, making him his father's heir. Following Constantine's death in 2023, Pavlos became the head of the Royal House of Greece.
In 1995, he married American heiress Marie-Chantal Miller. The couple share five children: Maria-Olympia, Constantine-Alexios, Achileas-Andreas, Odysseas-Kimon and Aristides-Stavros. The family has lived in New York City, London and Greenwich, Connecticut.
Pavlos is a co-founder and managing member of the hedge fund Ortelius Advisors.
Crown Princess Marie-Chantal
Crown Princess Marie-Chantal, née Miller, was born on Sept. 17, 1968, in London to American billionaire Robert Warren Miller and María Clara "Chantal" Pesantes Becerra.
She grew up in London, Hong Kong and N.Y.C. and studied for one year at New York University, but she dropped out when she became engaged to Pavlos.
In 2000, Marie-Chantal began her eponymous children's clothing line, and in 2019, she released an etiquette book, Manners Begin at Breakfast.
Princess Maria-Olympia
Princess Maria-Olympia, who goes by Olympia, was born on July 25, 1996, in N.Y.C. and is the oldest child of Pavlos and Marie-Chantal.
Olympia attended boarding school in Switzerland and graduated from NYU in 2019 after studying fashion and business. Post-graduation, Olympia became a model and a fashion "it" girl, working with brands like Michael Kors and Dolce & Gabbana.
According to an interview with the Telegraph, Olympia began dating publishing heir Peregrine Pearson in 2020. In April 2022, she attended Sofia Richie's star-studded wedding in the South of France.
Prince Constantine-Alexios
Prince Constantine-Alexios was born on Oct. 29, 1998, in N.Y.C. and is the second child and eldest son of Pavlos and Marie-Chantal. He is also one of Prince William's godsons.
Constantine attended Wellington College in England for secondary school, graduating in 2017. He then enrolled at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., and graduated in May 2022.
In 2019, Constantine and his father modeled for photographer Nikolai von Bismarck's book The Dior Sessions, but he doesn't appear to have done any modeling since. The young prince has more than 100,000 followers on Instagram, where he shares his photography.
Prince Achileas-Andreas
Prince Achileas-Andreas was born in N.Y.C. on Aug. 12, 2000, and is the third child of Pavlos and Marie-Chantal.
Following in his older sister's footsteps, Achileas enrolled as a student at NYU. In addition to his studies, the prince is also an actor, having made his TV debut in 2018 on The Bold and the Beautiful. On Instagram, Achileas occasionally shares photos — including a sweet tribute to his grandfather King Constantine after his death in early 2023 — with his over 450,000 followers.
Prince Odysseas-Kimon
Prince Odysseas-Kimon was born on Sept. 17, 2004, in London. He is the fourth child of Pavlos and Marie-Chantal and shares a birthday with his mother.
In a December 2022 Instagram post, Marie-Chantal shared that Odysseas solidified an early decision acceptance at his "dream University," though she did not specify which school.
The teenager also runs a streetwear apparel line called Gallows Humour.
Prince Aristides-Stavros
Prince Aristides-Stavros was born on June 28, 2008, in Los Angeles and is the youngest child of Pavlos and Marie-Chantal.
In April 2021, Marie-Chantal shared an Instagram photo of her youngest son and wrote, "My littlest is growing up!"
Princess Alexia
Pavlos' older sister, Princess Alexia, was born on July 10, 1965, in Greece and is the first child of Constantine and Anne-Marie.
Along with her siblings, Alexia grew up in exile and lived in Rome and London. She attended the University of Surrey's Froebel College in London and received a bachelor's degree in history and education in 1985. She later completed a graduate certificate in education, according to the royal family's official website.
In 1999, she married architect Carlos Morales Quintana in London. The couple share four children: Arrietta, Anna-Maria, Carlos and Amelia Morales y de Grecia. The family currently lives in the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa.
Carlos Morales Quintana
Carlos Morales Quintana was born in 1970 in Lanzarote in the Canary Islands, according to Vanity Fair España. He is an architect and yachtsman and was a member of the Spanish pre-Olympic sailing team in the Tornado class, according to the royal family's website.
He met Princess Alexia at a sailing race in Barcelona, Spain, and the pair were married in Athens in 1999.
Arrietta Morales y de Grecia
Arrietta Morales y de Grecia was born on Feb. 24, 2002, in Barcelona and is the first child of Alexia and Quintana. She enjoys skiing, sailing and swimming and she studies at the University of Madrid, according to Vanity Fair España.
Anna-Maria Morales y de Grecia
Anna-Maria Morales y de Grecia was born on May 15, 2003, in Barcelona and is the second child of Alexia and Quintana. She was named after her maternal grandmother, Queen Anne-Marie. Anna-Maria was baptized on July 19, 2003; according to the family's website, her baptism was the largest family gathering in their home country since their family went into exile in 1967.
Anna-Maria and her sister Amelia served as bridesmaids at her uncle Prince Philippos' wedding to Nina Flohr in 2021, Vanity Fair España reported.
Carlos Morales y de Grecia
Carlos Morales y de Grecia was born on July 30, 2005, in Barcelona and is the third child and only son of Alexia and Quintana.
Amelia Morales y de Grecia
Amelia Morales y de Grecia was born on Oct. 27, 2006, in Barcelona and is the fourth and youngest child of Alexia and Quintana.
Prince Nikolaos
Prince Nikolaos was born in Rome on Oct. 1, 1969, and is the third child of Constantine and Anne-Marie.
After studying at Brown University in Rhode Island, he worked in TV production for Fox News in N.Y.C. Nikolaos used a fake name to avoid getting "preferential treatment," but his co-workers found out he was a royal after they recognized him in photos at his brother Pavlos' wedding, he recalled to Insider in 2020.
In 2010, he married Princess Tatiana on the island of Spetses in Greece. The pair were together for more than a decade before announcing their divorce in April 2024.
"Both express the difficulty of this decision, the deep appreciation and respect they have for each other, but also the love with which they have walked all these years," a statement said. "The same values of respect and understanding will form the basis of their relationship in the future, a relationship of deep and sincere friendship."
Nikolaos works as a consultant and photographer and currently lives in Athens, per his website.
Princess Tatiana
Princess Tatiana (née Tatiana Ellinka Blatnik) was born on Aug. 27, 1970, in Venezuela.
According to Vogue, she grew up in Switzerland and later attended Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. Before marrying Nikolaos in 2010, she lived in London, where she worked as an event planner for designer Diane von Fürstenberg.
In April 2024, Tatiana and Nikolaos announced their divorce after 13 years of marriage.
Princess Theodora
Princess Theodora was born on June 9, 1983, in Barcelona and is the fourth child of Constantine and Anne-Marie.
She attended boarding school in England before moving to the U.S. and graduating from Brown University. In 2010, she relocated to L.A. to pursue a career in acting. From 2011 to 2018, she had a recurring role on the soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful under the stage name Theodora Greece.
In 2018, Theodora became engaged to American attorney Matthew Kumar. The couple were set to get married in 2020 but postponed their nuptials due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Prince Philippos
Prince Philippos was born on April 26, 1986, in London and is the fifth and youngest child of Constantine and Anne-Marie. He is also the godson of the late Princess Diana.
Philippos attended Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., and has since moved to N.Y.C., where he works as a hedge fund analyst.
In September 2020, Philippos became engaged to Swiss aviation heiress Nina Flohr. The couple had three wedding ceremonies: a small ceremony in Switzerland in December 2020; a celebration in Cambridge, England, in May 2021; and a lavish ceremony in Athens in October 2021.
Princess Nina
Princess Nina (née Nina Nastassja Flohr) was born in Switzerland on Jan. 22, 1987. Her parents are Thomas Flohr, Swiss billionaire and founder of aviation company VistaJet, and Katharina Konečný, former creative director of the House of Fabergé and a founding editor of Vogue Russia and Vogue Greece.
Nina previously worked as a creative director for her father's company. After leaving VistaJet, she founded a luxury hotel and an environmental conservation center, both located in Mozambique.
In September 2020, Nina became engaged to Philippos; the couple had three wedding ceremonies.
|
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https://www.wral.com/story/ex-king-constantine-ii-of-greece-dies-at-82/20667099/
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en
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Ex-King Constantine II of Greece dies at 82
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2023-01-11T11:43:14+00:00
|
The former King of Greece, Constantine II, has died at the age of 82, CNN affiliate CNN Greece reported on Tuesday.
|
en
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WRAL.com
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https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/11/europe/king-constantine-ii-greece-dies-intl-scli/index.html
|
The former King of Greece, Constantine II, has died at the age of 82, CNN affiliate CNN Greece reported on Tuesday.
According to CNN Greece, the former King had experienced serious health problems in the past few months and recently contracted coronavirus for the second time, which appeared to have significantly worsened his condition.
Constantine first tested positive for Covid-19 in January 2022, after being hospitalized with pneumonia the previous month, CNN Greece reported.
Constantine II was born in Psikhikó, near Athens, on June 2, 1940.
He spent World War II in exile in South Africa, returning to Greece in 1946. A year later, Constantine became crown prince when Greece's King George II died and his brother, Paul -- Constantine's father -- ascended the throne.
Constantine II became King when Paul died on March 6, 1964.
That year, he married Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark in Athens. They had five children: Prince Pavlos, Princess Alexia, Prince Nikolaos, Princess Theodora and Prince Philippos.
After a military coup in 1967, Constantine and his family fled to Rome, and the military regime appointed a regent to take his place.
The Greek monarchy was abolished on June 1, 1973, when the military regime proclaimed the country a republic -- a decision that was backed by a subsequent referendum. Constantine accepted the abolition after another referendum was conducted by an elected civilian government in 1974.
That year, the former King moved from Rome to England, settling in London. In the 2000s, he became a frequent visitor to Greece.
Constantine II was the cousin of Britain's King Charles III and the godfather of Prince William. His sister, Sofia, was Queen of Spain between 1975 and 2014.
Constantine will receive a private burial at a former royal estate outside Athens, the Greek government said on Wednesday, according to Reuters.
The-CNN-Wire™ & © 2023 Cable News Network, Inc., a Warner Bros. Discovery Company. All rights reserved.
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https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85814762
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en
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Wedding of Constantine II of Greece and Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark
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September 1964 wedding of Greek monarch Constantine II and Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark
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https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85814762
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Wedding of Constantine II of Greece and Anne-Marie of Denmark
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https://royalwatcherblog.com/2018/01/21/engagement-of-crown-prince-constantine-of-greece-and-princess-anne-marie-of-denmark-1963/
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en
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Engagement of Crown Prince Constantine of Greece and Princess Anne
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2018-01-21T00:00:00
|
https://www.instagram.com/p/CnxtfBIML_d/ The Engagement of Crown Prince Constantine of Greece and 16 year-old Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark in Copenhagen on this day in 1963, which was followed by another Announcement in Athens a few days later. From L-R; King Frederik IX and Queen Ingrid of Denmark, Princess Anne Marie, Crown Prince Constantine, King Paul and Queen Frederica of Greece. The couple got
|
en
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The Royal Watcher -
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https://royalwatcherblog.com/2018/01/21/engagement-of-crown-prince-constantine-of-greece-and-princess-anne-marie-of-denmark-1963/
|
Embed from Getty ImagesEmbed from Getty ImagesEmbed from Getty ImagesEmbed from Getty ImagesEmbed from Getty Images
The Engagement of Crown Prince Constantine of Greece and 16 year-old Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark in Copenhagen on this day in 1963, which was followed by another Announcement in Athens a few days later. From L-R; King Frederik IX and Queen Ingrid of Denmark, Princess Anne Marie, Crown Prince Constantine, King Paul and Queen Frederica of Greece. The couple got married in 1964, just months after his sudden accession to the Greek Throne. King Constantine and Queen Anne-Marie have five children and now reside back in Greece, after over forty years in exile. UPDATE: King Constantine passed away in 2023.
Engagement in Copenhagen | Engagement in Athens | Wedding Gala in Copenhagen | Dinner in Athens | Wedding Ball | Wedding
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Anne-Marie_of_Greece
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en
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Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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2020-01-30T20:18:36+00:00
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en
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/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Anne-Marie_of_Greece
|
Anne-Marie, RE (Greek: Άννα-Μαρία pronounced [ana marˈia]), (born Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark 30 August 1946) is the widow of Constantine II of Greece, who reigned from 1964 until 1973.
Anne-Marie is the youngest daughter of King Frederick IX of Denmark and his wife Ingrid of Sweden. She is the youngest sister of the former Queen of Denmark Margrethe II of Denmark and cousin of the reigning King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden.
Titles and Styles
9 October 1946-18 September 1964: Her Royal Highness Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark
18 September 1964-1 June 1973: Her Majesty The Queen of the Hellenes, Princess of Denmark
1 June 1973-present: Her Majesty Queen Anne-Marie of the Hellenes, Princess of Denmark
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http://aboutroyalty.blogspot.com/2016/08/70th-birthday-of-hm-queen-anne-marie-of.html
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en
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70th Birthday of HM Queen Anne
|
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2016-08-30T21:28:00-07:00
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Her Majesty Queen Anne-Marie of Greece turns seventy on August 30, 2016. The wife of former King Constantine II of Greece, she has led a re...
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en
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http://aboutroyalty.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
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http://aboutroyalty.blogspot.com/2016/08/70th-birthday-of-hm-queen-anne-marie-of.html
|
70th Birthday of HM Queen Anne-Marie of Greece
Her Majesty Queen Anne-Marie of Greece turns seventy on August 30, 2016. The wife of former
King Constantine II of Greece, she has led a remarkable life, from her beginnings as a princess of Europe's oldest monarchy to becoming the young queen of a politically unstable kingdom before facing nearly fifty years of exile. Despite such misfortunes, the Queen has drawn comfort from a loving marriage, a happy family life with five children and, later on, nine grandchildren, and the privilege of retaining close family ties to the other reigning houses of Europe.
She was born as Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark on August 30, 1946 at Amalienborg Palace in Copenhagen, the third and youngest daughter of King Frederick IX and Queen Ingrid. Her father was the son of King Christian X, while her mother was the only daughter of King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden. Through her mother, Anne-Marie is a great-great-granddaughter of "the grandmother of Europe", Queen Victoria of Great Britain, and through her father, a great-great-granddaughter of "the father-in-law of Europe", King Christian IX of Denmark. Her eldest sister, Margrethe II, is the reigning Queen of Denmark, and her second elder sister, Princess Benedikte, is married to the German prince Richard of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg.
King Constantine and Queen Anne-Marie in the early years of their marriage.
Anne-Marie met Crown Prince Constantine of Greece, her third cousin and a fellow descendant of both Queen Victoria and King Christian IX, when she was thirteen years old and he was nineteen. They met again a few years later, when Anne-Marie was fifteen, and became unofficially engaged. The Danish king and queen asked the couple to wait until their daughter had reached maturity before marrying (King Frederick reportedly locked Crown Prince Constantine in his bathroom after being told of his intentions to propose), but the sudden death of Constantine's father, King Paul, and his ascension to the Greek throne sped up their plans. On September 18, 1964, two weeks after her eighteenth birthday, Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark married King Constantine II of Greece at the Mitropolis Cathedral in Athens. Upon marriage, she officially became Her Majesty The Queen of the Hellenes, and also the world's youngest queen consort.
King Constantine and Queen Anne-Marie at their golden wedding anniversary celebration in 2014 with their children and their spouses. From left: Princess Alexia, her husband Carlos Morales; Crown Princess Marie-Chantal, Crown Prince Pavlos, Queen Anne-Marie, King Constantine, Prince Nikolaos, his wife Princess Tatiana, Princess Theodora, and Prince Philippos.
The new Queen of the Hellenes only spent three years in her new kingdom before a military coup in April 1967 and the King's failed counter-attack in December of that year forced the royal family to flee into exile. They stayed in Rome and with the Queen's family in Denmark before finally settling in a mansion outside of London, where they stayed until 2013. Between 1965 and 1986, Queen Anne-Marie gave birth to five children - Princess Alexia, Crown Prince Pavlos (who were both born in Greece), Prince Nikolaos (born in Rome after the family's exile), Princess Theodora and Prince Philippos (both born in London). King Constantine and Queen Anne-Marie visited Greece in 1981 for the funeral of Constantine's mother, Queen Frederica, and again in 1993 on a sailing trip that led to the Greek government buzzing their yacht with warplanes and stripping the family of their citizenship and private property. A lawsuit filed in the European Court of Human Rights led to a cash settlement with King Constantine, who donated the funds to a charity entitled the Anna-Maria Foundation, named in Queen Anne-Marie's honor and with her serving as chairwoman.
Queen Anne-Marie, her sisters Queen Margrethe II and Princess Benedikte, and their mother, Queen Ingrid.
In 2013, King Constantine and Queen Anne-Marie returned to live in Greece. Though they have been deposed since 1973, they retain close family ties to the other monarchies of Europe. Anne-Marie is still a member of the Danish royal family, often present at events such as her sister Queen Margrethe's birthday and jubilee celebrations, and the wedding of her nephew, Crown Prince Frederik, in 2004. Anne-Marie's sister-in-law is Queen Sofia of Spain, consort of King Juan Carlos until his abdication in 2014. Anne-Marie and her husband attended the 2004 wedding of their son, the current Spanish king Felipe VI, and were also present at his enthronement ceremony in June 2014.
King Constantine II and Queen Anne-Marie with their son and daughter-in-law, Crown Prince and Crown Princess Pavlos of Greece, and their grandson, Prince Constantine, preparing to attend the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton in 2011.
In true modern fashion, Queen Anne-Marie was celebrated on social media by members of her family. Her daughter Princess Theodora and her son Crown Prince Pavlos took to their respective Instagram accounts to post birthday greetings for their mother.
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https://www.aol.com/queen-anne-marie-greeces-long-164800451.html
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Queen Anne-Marie of Greece's Long Lost Wedding Dress Was Just Found at Tatoi Palace
|
https://media.zenfs.com/en/aol_towncountry_108/74b88afb992898bdedc5e4acf44cecac
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https://media.zenfs.com/en/aol_towncountry_108/74b88afb992898bdedc5e4acf44cecac
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[
"King Constantine of Greece",
"Denmark",
"Tatoi Palace",
"wedding tiara",
"Greek royal family",
"wedding dress",
"Jorgen Bender"
] | null |
[
"Emily Burack",
"AOL Staff"
] |
2023-11-15T16:48:00+00:00
|
Three years after their wedding, the Greek royal family was forced into exile by a military coup. Queen Anne-Marie's wedding tiara and tiara were passed down, but her dress was lost in the archives
|
en
|
https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/a45849234/queen-anne-marie-greece-wedding-dress-found-tatoi/
|
On September 18, 1964, Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark married King Constantine of Greece in Athens. "I was the first king ever to marry in Greece," the king recalled to Town & Country in 2015.
For the day, she wore a dress designed by Danish fashion designer Jorgen Bender. Three years after their wedding, the Greek royal family was forced into exile by a military coup. Queen Anne-Marie's wedding tiara and tiara were passed down, but her dress was lost in the archives of Tatoi Palace.
The royal couple relocated back to Greece in 2013. "Look at ancient Greek history," Constantine told T&C. "All Greeks who live in exile, they want to go back. It's in the blood. Funnily enough, the one pushing hardest was my wife. I think she realized I would be happy only when I came back home." He passed away in Athens earlier this year.
The discovery of the dress was reported by Greek journalist, Andreas Magos, who shared snaps of the box that the gown was kept in:
The caption (translated from Greek) reads, "Here is the wedding dress of Queen Anne-Marie located in Tatoi, where a few days ago it was revealed among the personal belongings of the royal family preserved and kept there. Perhaps this will also be exhibited in the Museum, Palace of Tatoi."
Tatoi is currently undergoing a $14.97 million renovation, and will be turned into a museum. Throughout the restoration process, numerous royal heirlooms have been discovered.
"Among the recent discoveries, the renovation workers found a total of seventy suitcases and trunks, all believed to belong to Frederica, the Queen Consort of Greece, from 1947 to 1964, and Queen mother thereafter," the Greek Reporter reported in 2020."Work on uncovering these treasures in the Tatoi is being supervised by archaeologists, who are tasked with making sure that these precious artifacts of Greece’s modern history will not be damaged."
It's unclear the future of Queen Anne-Marie's royal wedding dress.
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Royal Musings: SERBIAN ROYAL COUPLE AT THE FUNERAL OF KING CONSTANTINE II OF GREECE
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https://royalmusingsblogspotcom.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
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[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Marlene Eilers Koenig"
] | null |
en
|
https://royalmusingsblogspotcom.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
|
https://royalmusingsblogspotcom.blogspot.com/2023/01/serbian-royal-couple-at-funeral-of-king.html
|
Belgrade, 16 January 2023 – TRH Crown Prince Alexander and Crown Princess Katherine attended today the funeral of HM King Constantine II of Hellenes, the Royal family of Serbia’s dear cousin, Godfather and friend, at the Metropolis Cathedral of The Annunciation followed by the Tatoi Royal Cemetery, where His Majesty was laid to the eternal rest together with other late members of the Royal family of Greece.
The church service was performed by His Beatitude Hieronymos II, Archbishop of Athens and All Greece and Primate of the Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Greece with the numerous Bishops of the Greek Orthodox Church at the Orthodox Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens.
Numerous members of the Royal families of Europe, representatives of the Greek Government, and many prominent people gathered today to say the last goodbye to the late King and setting him off to his eternal rest. His Majesty’s widow, HM Queen Anne-Marie, his sisters HM Queen Sophia of Spain, and HRH Princess Irene of Greece, and his children HRH Crown Prince Pavlos, HRH Princess Alexia, HRH Prince Nikolaos, HRH Princess Theodora, and HRH Prince Philippos together with other members of the Royal Family of Greece led the procession and accepted condolences and words of deepest sympathy for their loss.
“This is a very sad day, the day when we said final fare-well to my dear cousin, my “kum”, as we say in Serbia, HM King Constantine II. During these most difficult moments, we share grief and pain of our dear cousins, the Royal family of Greece, for the passing of His Majesty, and we send our prayers to the Lord to remember the late King in His mercy.
King Constantine II will be greatly missed, but the memory of him will be kept forever, with great love and respect. When this time of grieving passes, only those beautiful memories of a great and kind man, a true and honest friend, will remain fondly kept by all of us who knew him, as well as of all the beautiful and joyful moments we have shared together. He was together with us in some of the most joyful moments of our lives, he was the best man when my wife, Crown Princess Katherine, and I got married in 1985, he was the Godfather of my sons, Hereditary Prince Philip and Prince Alexander. For Serbian people, these bonds are sacred bonds, and they last forever.
It truly was an honour and a privilege knowing the late King and being able to share many thoughts and experiences with him. I am grateful for all the moments we shared together”, stated HRH Crown Prince Alexander on this occasion.
Together with the Royal Couple of Serbia, the Royal families of Europe and the world were present including: HM King Carl XVI Gustaf and HM Queen Silvia of Sweden, HM King Philippe and HM Queen Mathilde of Belgium, HM King Felipe VI and HM Queen Letizia of Spain, HM King Willem-Alexander and HM Queen Máxima of Netherlands, HM Queen Margrethe II and HRH Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark, HRH the Princess Royal of the United Kingdom Anne and her husband Sir Timothy Laurence, HRH Crown Prince Haakon and HRH Crown Princess Mette-Marit of Norway, HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco, HRH Henri, the Grand Duke of Luxembourg, HM Queen Noor of Jordan, HRH Princess Sarvath of Jordan, HIM Empress Farah of Iran, HRH Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia, HRH Prince Radu of Romania, HM Czar Simeon of the Bulgarians, and many other Royals.
Relations between the Royal families of Greece and Serbia have always been marked with sincere and cordial friendship and deep family bonds. HM King Constantine II was the best man at TRH Crown Prince Alexander and Crown Princess Katherine’s wedding in 1985, and His Majesty was also the Godfather of the Crown Prince’s sons, HRH Hereditary Prince Philip and HRH Prince Alexander. Also, the daughter of the late King of Greece, HRH Princess Theodora, is HRH Crown Prince Alexander’s Godchild.
HRH Crown Prince Alexander was also in close family relations with the late HM King Constantine II. Crown Prince Alexander’s maternal grandfather HM King Alexander of Greece who married Aspasia Manos, was the brother of HM King Paul of Greece, HM King Constantine II’s father.
|
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https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/entertainment/article/3269141/meet-prince-constantine-alexios-greece-whos-dating-model-brooks-nader
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en
|
Meet Prince Constantine-Alexios of Greece, who’s dating model Brooks Nader
|
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[] |
[] |
[
"South China Morning Post",
"News",
"Opinion",
"China",
"Hong Kong",
"World",
"US",
"Asia",
"Business",
"Economy",
"Technology",
"Lifestyle",
"Sport"
] | null |
[
"Business Insider"
] |
2024-07-04T14:30:09+08:00
|
The 25-year-old prince was recently spotted in New York – and at Olivia Culpo’s wedding – with Swimsuit Illustrated model Brooks Nader
|
en
|
https://assets-v2.i-scmp.com/production/favicon.ico
|
South China Morning Post
|
https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/entertainment/article/3269141/meet-prince-constantine-alexios-greece-whos-dating-model-brooks-nader
|
The new “It” couple first sparked dating rumours on Friday after they were spotted taking a romantic stroll in New York City. News of their romance comes mere months after Nader, 27, split from her husband of four years, Billy Haire, in May, as per British media.
Since the Greek monarchy was abolished in 1973 after a referendum ruled overwhelmingly in favour of a republic, Alexios’ royal status may only be titular. He does, however, know how to live like a royal.
From lavish holidays and expensive birthdays, to romancing the hottest socialites, here’s everything we know about Prince Constantine-Alexios.
Prince William of Wales is Prince Constantine-Alexios’ godfather
Prince Constantine-Alexios’ grandfather, the late King Constantine II, is a close friend and second cousin of King Charles – he is also Prince William’s godfather.
Prince Constantine-Alexios graduated from the prestigious Wellington College
Wellington College in Berkshire has produced alumni such as George Orwell and racing driver James Hunt. The fees start at £11,920 (US$15,200) for day pupils.
Following in his father’s footsteps, Constantine graduated from Georgetown University, Washington DC, in 2022.
He had an 18th birthday like no other
Constantine celebrated his 18th birthday as not many teenagers could, with a Day of the Dead themed party at Albert’s private members club in Chelsea. Membership at Albert’s costs a princely £650 per annum, plus a £250 joining fee. Alexios wore a bespoke Joshua Kane jacket to the party.
Judging by his mother’s Instagram page, it looks like he received a pretty special 18th birthday present – she posted a picture of him in a new luxury car.
Royal birthdays are always well-attended. At their sister’s 21st, Constantine and Achileas managed to steal a kiss from celebrity heiress Paris Hilton.
He used to date Poppy Delevingne
The pair were seen holidaying in Ibiza and Poppy even shared Instagram posts of her holidaying with Constantine’s family in Greece. Unfortunately the romance was short-lived, although Poppy and Princess Maria-Olympia remain good friends.
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|
Marie and Princess Tatiana of Greece
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[
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2017-12-12T13:20:31+00:00
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Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, wife of King Constantine II, and daughter-in-law Princess Tatiana of Greece and Denmark, photographed in 2013.
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/app/uploads/2017/03/cropped-favicon-32x32.png
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Iconic Images
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https://iconicimages.net/photo/js-ro053-queen-anne-marie-and-princess-tatiana-of-greece/
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Certain trademarks and copyrights are owned by Iconic Images Limited and its parents and affiliates (collectively “Iconic”). All other trademarks and copyrights that are not owned by Iconic, that appear on this site are the property of their respective owners, who may or may not be affiliated with, connected to, or represented by Iconic. © 2024 Iconic Images
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Website by distilthis.com
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https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LHKQ-BRD/king-constantine-i-of-greece-1868-1923
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en
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FamilySearch.org
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[] |
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[
""
] | null |
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Discover your family history. Explore the world’s largest collection of free family trees, genealogy records and resources.
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22781
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yago
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0
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https://www.theroyalforums.com/threads/king-constantine-and-queen-anne-marie-1-december-2002-april-2005.523/page-6
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en
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King Constantine and Queen Anne-Marie 1: December 2002-April 2005
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2005-04-24T01:41:54-04:00
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Prince Andrew of Greece was the son of Prince William of Denmark (who became King George I of Greece).
William's sister (and Andrew's aunt) Princess...
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en
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/data/assets/logo/icon_192_royalforums.png
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The Royal Forums
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https://www.theroyalforums.com/threads/king-constantine-and-queen-anne-marie-1-december-2002-april-2005.523/page-6
|
Warren said:
Prince Andrew of Greece was the son of Prince William of Denmark (who became King George I of Greece).
William's sister (and Andrew's aunt) Princess Alexandra married Edward (Prince of Wales, later Edward VII), eldest son of Queen Victoria.
Edward's sister, Princess Alice, married Ludwig IV, the Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine [Hesse-Darmstadt]. Among their children was Princess Victoria.
Princess Victoria married Prince Louis of Battenberg (from another branch of the House of Hesse); they had two daughters, Alice and Louise.
Princess Louise married King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden, and Princess Alice married Prince Andrew of Greece.
So, after all that, Princess Victoria of Hesse-Darmstadt was the mother-in-law of Prince Andrew of Greece, and related (distantly) as well.
.
Thanx so much- so, P. Andrew of Greece, P Philip's father, was related to K. Costantine's father, I just don't know if he was a nephew or what- maybe a brother ? I knew of course of Q Alexandra's brother, who became King of Greece. I find it so confusing.....
More complications
tipper said:
P. Andrew of Greece, P Philip's father, was related to K. Costantine's father, I just don't know if he was a nephew or what- maybe a brother?
It's always confusing when written down, which is why the good Royal books have family trees, where all the relationships become clear and suddenly make sense.
Prince William of Denmark, who became King of Greece as George I, had 8 children by his wife Grand Duchess Olga of Russia.
Two of their sons were Prince Constantine and Prince Andrew.
Constantine became King, and had six children by his wife Princess Sophie of Prussia (who was Kaiser Wilhelm's sister). The three sons all became Kings of Greece: George II, Alexander, and Paul.
King Paul had three children by his wife Princess Frederika of Hanover (the sister of Prince Ernst August's father) including Queen Sophia of Spain, and King Constantine.
Prince Andrew married Princess Alice of Battenberg, and had four daughters and one son, the present Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.
The daughters (ie Prince Philip's sisters) are quite interesting:
Margarita married the Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg;
Theodora married the Margrave of Baden;
Cecile married the Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine and was killed along with her husband, two young sons and mother-in-law in a tragic air crash in Belgium in 1937;
Sophie married Prince Christoph of Hesse, who was killed in action in WWII, and married secondly Prince Georg Wilhelm of Hanover (still alive today) who is the brother of Queen Frederika and uncle of Prince Ernst August (Caroline of Monaco's husband).
On the Hanover connection: Kaiser Wilhelm had one daughter, Princess Viktoria-Luise. She married Prince Ernst August (III), Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, Prince of Hanover, and was the mother of Ernst August (IV), Georg Wilhem and Frederika.
Another brother of Constantine and Andrew, Prince Nicholas, married Grand Duchess Helen of Russia; one of their daughters, Princess Marina, married the Duke of Kent, father of the current Duke of Kent.
I hope this makes things easier to understand; it can get quite complicated!
.
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https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com/2023/01/king-constantine-ii-of-hellenes-1940.html
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en
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King Constantine II of the Hellenes (1940-2023)
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King Constantine and Queen Anne-Marie, with their grandson Constantine, at the wedding of their son Philippos. Today, 10 January, King Co...
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en
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https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com/favicon.ico
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https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com/2023/01/king-constantine-ii-of-hellenes-1940.html
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The King and Queen of Greece with their three children.The Greek Royal Family in 1959
Left to right: Crown Prince Constantine, Princess Irene, Queen Frederica, King Paul, Princess Sophia, and Prince Michael.
Photograph (c) Getty Images / Dean Loomis.King Constantine and Queen Anne-Marie of Greece on their wedding day, 1964.
Photo (c) Getty Images / David Lees.King Constantine and Queen Anne-Marie, holding the infant Princess Alexia, are surrounded by Princess Margrethe of Denmark, King Frederik IX and Queen Ingrid of Denmark, Queen Mother Frederica of Greece, and Princess Irene, 1965.
Photo (c) Getty Images / Keystone.King Constantine and Queen Anne-Marie, holding Princess Theodora, on the occasion of the christening of the princess. The couple are shown with their children Crown Prince Pavlos and Princess Alexia as well as Queen Elizabeth II, 1983.
Photo (c) Getty Images / Hutton Archive.
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https://people.com/royals/all-about-greek-royal-family-tree/
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Meet the Greek Royals: All About the Modern Princes and Princesses of the Former Monarchy
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] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Catherine Santino",
"www.facebook.com"
] |
2023-05-05T16:40:20-04:00
|
Greece's royal family was previously led by King Constantine II before the monarchy was abolished in 1973. Here's a guide to the family's modern royals, from Crown Prince Pavlos to Princess Maria-Olympia.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Peoplemag
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https://people.com/royals/all-about-greek-royal-family-tree/
|
Though they are no longer legally recognized, the members of the Greek royal family remain prominent figures in society.
Beginning with King George I in 1863, the monarchy ruled in Greece until 1924, and again from 1935 to 1973. The last king of Greece, Constantine II, took the throne at age 23 after the death of his father, Paul I, in 1964. After only a few years in power, however, King Constantine was forced to flee the country after a right-wing military dictatorship staged a coup in 1967.
Following an unsuccessful counter-coup from the king and his supporters, Constantine left for Rome and eventually relocated to London, living in exile for many years with his wife, Queen Anne-Marie, and their children. The monarchy was officially abolished in 1973, but Constantine did not return to Greece permanently until 2013. Instead, he and his family lived for many years in Hampstead Garden Suburb in London, where he was said to have close ties to now King Charles III.
Even after the king's death in 2023, his surviving wife goes by the title of Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, and other members of the family still stylize themselves with royal titles.
Constantine and Anne-Marie's five children — Alexia, Pavlos, Nikolaos, Theodora and Philippos — and nine grandchildren continue to represent the now-defunct Greek monarchy. As the first son, Pavlos is his father's heir and holds the symbolic title of the crown prince.
While many of the royal family members still live in Europe, others have moved to the U.S. to pursue their education and careers like acting, modeling and entrepreneurship.
Keep reading for everything to know about Greece's royal family.
King Constantine II
Constantine II, the last king of Greece, was born in Athens, Greece, on June 2, 1940, to King Paul and Frederica of Hanover. Paul was the late Prince Philip's first cousin and Constantine was reportedly close with his second cousin King Charles. He also became godfather to Prince William.
Constantine went to boarding school and attended the three branches of military academies before studying law at the University of Athens. In 1960, he won a gold medal in sailing at the Rome Olympics and later became a member of the International Olympic Committee.
Following the death of his father in March 1964, Constantine succeeded the throne at age 23. He married Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark on Sept. 18, 1964, and the couple went on to welcome five children: Alexia, Pavlos, Nikolaos, Theodora and Philippos.
King Constantine and Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou came into power around the same time, and the two men clashed often. In April 1967, a military regime known as the Greek junta (or Regime of the Colonels) led a coup; the junta arrested Papandreou, and the king bartered an agreement with the group by recognizing their government. But Constantine had a tenuous relationship with the junta, and in December 1967, he attempted to overthrow their military forces.
When it became clear that the king's coup was failing, Constantine and his family flew to Rome. The Greek monarchy was eventually abolished in 1973, and the junta collapsed just over a year later. Constantine lived in exile in the Hampstead Garden Suburb of London with his family for many years. He returned to Greece in 2013.
On Jan. 10, 2023, Constantine died of a stroke at age 82 in Athens.
A memorial service of Thanksgiving was held at St. George's Chapel in Windsor Castle on Feb. 27, 2024. While members of the British royal family did attend, led by Queen Camilla, Prince William wasn't one of them, despite being scheduled to read at the ceremony. Before the service began, William pulled out due to a personal matter, according to Kensington Palace.
Queen Anne-Marie
Queen Anne-Marie was born Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark on Aug. 30, 1946, in Copenhagen to King Frederick IX of Denmark and Queen Consort Ingrid of Sweden.
18-year-old Anne-Marie married Constantine in Athens in September 1964, making her the first Danish princess to marry a reigning monarch since 1680, according to the New York Times.
Just three years after she and Constantine were wed, they were forced into exile, and her wedding dress was lost in the Tatoi Palace archives. But in November 2023, Town & Country reported that the dress was found again, per a Greek journalist.
"Here is the wedding dress of Queen Anne-Marie located in Tatoi, where a few days ago it was revealed among the personal belongings of the royal family preserved and kept there," Megos wrote on Instagram in the caption in Greek.
The couple welcomed five children: Alexia, Pavlos, Nikolaos, Theodora and Philippos, all of whom are princes and princesses of both Greece and Denmark, though they don't appear in Denmark's line of succession.
At her husband's funeral in January 2023, Anne-Marie wore the same diamond cross necklace she debuted on their wedding day.
Crown Prince Pavlos
Crown Prince Pavlos was born on May 20, 1967, at the Tatoi Palace north of Athens. He is the first son and second child of Constantine and Anne-Marie, making him his father's heir. Following Constantine's death in 2023, Pavlos became the head of the Royal House of Greece.
In 1995, he married American heiress Marie-Chantal Miller. The couple share five children: Maria-Olympia, Constantine-Alexios, Achileas-Andreas, Odysseas-Kimon and Aristides-Stavros. The family has lived in New York City, London and Greenwich, Connecticut.
Pavlos is a co-founder and managing member of the hedge fund Ortelius Advisors.
Crown Princess Marie-Chantal
Crown Princess Marie-Chantal, née Miller, was born on Sept. 17, 1968, in London to American billionaire Robert Warren Miller and María Clara "Chantal" Pesantes Becerra.
She grew up in London, Hong Kong and N.Y.C. and studied for one year at New York University, but she dropped out when she became engaged to Pavlos.
In 2000, Marie-Chantal began her eponymous children's clothing line, and in 2019, she released an etiquette book, Manners Begin at Breakfast.
Princess Maria-Olympia
Princess Maria-Olympia, who goes by Olympia, was born on July 25, 1996, in N.Y.C. and is the oldest child of Pavlos and Marie-Chantal.
Olympia attended boarding school in Switzerland and graduated from NYU in 2019 after studying fashion and business. Post-graduation, Olympia became a model and a fashion "it" girl, working with brands like Michael Kors and Dolce & Gabbana.
According to an interview with the Telegraph, Olympia began dating publishing heir Peregrine Pearson in 2020. In April 2022, she attended Sofia Richie's star-studded wedding in the South of France.
Prince Constantine-Alexios
Prince Constantine-Alexios was born on Oct. 29, 1998, in N.Y.C. and is the second child and eldest son of Pavlos and Marie-Chantal. He is also one of Prince William's godsons.
Constantine attended Wellington College in England for secondary school, graduating in 2017. He then enrolled at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., and graduated in May 2022.
In 2019, Constantine and his father modeled for photographer Nikolai von Bismarck's book The Dior Sessions, but he doesn't appear to have done any modeling since. The young prince has more than 100,000 followers on Instagram, where he shares his photography.
Prince Achileas-Andreas
Prince Achileas-Andreas was born in N.Y.C. on Aug. 12, 2000, and is the third child of Pavlos and Marie-Chantal.
Following in his older sister's footsteps, Achileas enrolled as a student at NYU. In addition to his studies, the prince is also an actor, having made his TV debut in 2018 on The Bold and the Beautiful. On Instagram, Achileas occasionally shares photos — including a sweet tribute to his grandfather King Constantine after his death in early 2023 — with his over 450,000 followers.
Prince Odysseas-Kimon
Prince Odysseas-Kimon was born on Sept. 17, 2004, in London. He is the fourth child of Pavlos and Marie-Chantal and shares a birthday with his mother.
In a December 2022 Instagram post, Marie-Chantal shared that Odysseas solidified an early decision acceptance at his "dream University," though she did not specify which school.
The teenager also runs a streetwear apparel line called Gallows Humour.
Prince Aristides-Stavros
Prince Aristides-Stavros was born on June 28, 2008, in Los Angeles and is the youngest child of Pavlos and Marie-Chantal.
In April 2021, Marie-Chantal shared an Instagram photo of her youngest son and wrote, "My littlest is growing up!"
Princess Alexia
Pavlos' older sister, Princess Alexia, was born on July 10, 1965, in Greece and is the first child of Constantine and Anne-Marie.
Along with her siblings, Alexia grew up in exile and lived in Rome and London. She attended the University of Surrey's Froebel College in London and received a bachelor's degree in history and education in 1985. She later completed a graduate certificate in education, according to the royal family's official website.
In 1999, she married architect Carlos Morales Quintana in London. The couple share four children: Arrietta, Anna-Maria, Carlos and Amelia Morales y de Grecia. The family currently lives in the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa.
Carlos Morales Quintana
Carlos Morales Quintana was born in 1970 in Lanzarote in the Canary Islands, according to Vanity Fair España. He is an architect and yachtsman and was a member of the Spanish pre-Olympic sailing team in the Tornado class, according to the royal family's website.
He met Princess Alexia at a sailing race in Barcelona, Spain, and the pair were married in Athens in 1999.
Arrietta Morales y de Grecia
Arrietta Morales y de Grecia was born on Feb. 24, 2002, in Barcelona and is the first child of Alexia and Quintana. She enjoys skiing, sailing and swimming and she studies at the University of Madrid, according to Vanity Fair España.
Anna-Maria Morales y de Grecia
Anna-Maria Morales y de Grecia was born on May 15, 2003, in Barcelona and is the second child of Alexia and Quintana. She was named after her maternal grandmother, Queen Anne-Marie. Anna-Maria was baptized on July 19, 2003; according to the family's website, her baptism was the largest family gathering in their home country since their family went into exile in 1967.
Anna-Maria and her sister Amelia served as bridesmaids at her uncle Prince Philippos' wedding to Nina Flohr in 2021, Vanity Fair España reported.
Carlos Morales y de Grecia
Carlos Morales y de Grecia was born on July 30, 2005, in Barcelona and is the third child and only son of Alexia and Quintana.
Amelia Morales y de Grecia
Amelia Morales y de Grecia was born on Oct. 27, 2006, in Barcelona and is the fourth and youngest child of Alexia and Quintana.
Prince Nikolaos
Prince Nikolaos was born in Rome on Oct. 1, 1969, and is the third child of Constantine and Anne-Marie.
After studying at Brown University in Rhode Island, he worked in TV production for Fox News in N.Y.C. Nikolaos used a fake name to avoid getting "preferential treatment," but his co-workers found out he was a royal after they recognized him in photos at his brother Pavlos' wedding, he recalled to Insider in 2020.
In 2010, he married Princess Tatiana on the island of Spetses in Greece. The pair were together for more than a decade before announcing their divorce in April 2024.
"Both express the difficulty of this decision, the deep appreciation and respect they have for each other, but also the love with which they have walked all these years," a statement said. "The same values of respect and understanding will form the basis of their relationship in the future, a relationship of deep and sincere friendship."
Nikolaos works as a consultant and photographer and currently lives in Athens, per his website.
Princess Tatiana
Princess Tatiana (née Tatiana Ellinka Blatnik) was born on Aug. 27, 1970, in Venezuela.
According to Vogue, she grew up in Switzerland and later attended Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. Before marrying Nikolaos in 2010, she lived in London, where she worked as an event planner for designer Diane von Fürstenberg.
In April 2024, Tatiana and Nikolaos announced their divorce after 13 years of marriage.
Princess Theodora
Princess Theodora was born on June 9, 1983, in Barcelona and is the fourth child of Constantine and Anne-Marie.
She attended boarding school in England before moving to the U.S. and graduating from Brown University. In 2010, she relocated to L.A. to pursue a career in acting. From 2011 to 2018, she had a recurring role on the soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful under the stage name Theodora Greece.
In 2018, Theodora became engaged to American attorney Matthew Kumar. The couple were set to get married in 2020 but postponed their nuptials due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Prince Philippos
Prince Philippos was born on April 26, 1986, in London and is the fifth and youngest child of Constantine and Anne-Marie. He is also the godson of the late Princess Diana.
Philippos attended Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., and has since moved to N.Y.C., where he works as a hedge fund analyst.
In September 2020, Philippos became engaged to Swiss aviation heiress Nina Flohr. The couple had three wedding ceremonies: a small ceremony in Switzerland in December 2020; a celebration in Cambridge, England, in May 2021; and a lavish ceremony in Athens in October 2021.
Princess Nina
Princess Nina (née Nina Nastassja Flohr) was born in Switzerland on Jan. 22, 1987. Her parents are Thomas Flohr, Swiss billionaire and founder of aviation company VistaJet, and Katharina Konečný, former creative director of the House of Fabergé and a founding editor of Vogue Russia and Vogue Greece.
Nina previously worked as a creative director for her father's company. After leaving VistaJet, she founded a luxury hotel and an environmental conservation center, both located in Mozambique.
In September 2020, Nina became engaged to Philippos; the couple had three wedding ceremonies.
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/static/apple-touch/commons.png
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The country of origin of this photograph is Italy. It is in the public domain there because its copyright term has expired. According to Law for the Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights n.633, 22 April 1941 and later revisions, images of people or of aspects, elements and facts of natural or social life, obtained with photographic process or with an analogue one, including reproductions of figurative art and film frames of film stocks (Art. 87) are protected for a period of 20 years from creation (Art. 92). This provision shall not apply to photographs of writings, documents, business papers, material objects, technical drawings and similar products (Art. 87). Italian law makes an important distinction between "works of photographic art" and "simple photographs" (Art. 2, § 7). Photographs that are "intellectual work with creative characteristics" are protected for 70 years after the author's death (Art. 32 bis), whereas simple photographs are protected for a period of 20 years from creation.
This may not apply in countries that don't apply the rule of the shorter term to works from Italy. In particular, these are in the public domain in the United States only if:
wasn't in copyright in the United States due to being registered for copyright there (see Commons:Copyright tags#United States for most cases) and
was created prior to 1976 and published prior to 1978 — then it was out-of-copyright in Italy on the URAA date of restoration (January 1, 1996) (17 U.S.C. § 104A) (in most cases; for all cases, see Template:PD-Italy/US). If so, please add {{PD-1996}} in addition to this copyright tag. If the image was created after 1975 or was published after 1977, please add {{Not-PD-US-URAA}}.
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Make Your Day
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Queen Anne-Marie of Greece’s Lost Wedding Dress Was Just Found More Than 55 Years After It Went Missing
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"Lilly Blomquist"
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2023-11-16T12:15:26.032000-05:00
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Greek journalist Andreas Magos shared on Instagram on November 13, 2023, that Queen Anne-Marie of Greece’s wedding dress was found more than 55 years after it went missing. Here are the details.
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Brides
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https://www.brides.com/queen-anne-marie-greece-found-lost-wedding-dress-8403425
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On September 18, 1964, Queen Anne-Marie of Greece (Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark at the time) tied the knot with King Constantine II of Greece in Athens. For her big day, the bride wore a wedding dress, featuring three-quarter-length sleeves, a boat neckline, and a belted waistband, designed by Jorgen Bender. Just three years after they said "I do," a military coup forced the Greek family into exile, and they accidentally left the royal’s gown at Tatoi Palace. Now, more than 55 years later, the queen's long-lost wedding dress has been found.
Greek journalist Andreas Magos reported the discovery on Instagram on November 13, 2023. The caption, written in Greek, translates to, “Here is the wedding dress of Queen Anne-Marie located in Tatoi, where a few days ago, it was revealed among the personal belongings of the royal family preserved and kept there. Perhaps this will also be exhibited in the Museum, Palace of Tatoi.” According to Town & Country, the palace is going to function as a museum, so it’s currently undergoing renovations. During the process, workers have found many other royal heirlooms.
Along with the caption, Magos uploaded a collection of photos featuring the long-lost wedding dress. The first image in the carousel shows a split-screen collage, with a bridal portrait of Anne-Marie on her wedding day beside a shot of the gown today. The second photo shows a closer look at the current state of the ensemble, which is suspended from a hanger with the 20-foot train draped across the floor. The final snap exhibits a silver case, engraved with the queen’s initials, where the getup was stored all of these years.
On her wedding day, the bride completed her outfit with a veil made of Irish lace. According to royal blog Unofficial Royalty, the accessory was an heirloom that was first introduced to the royal family when Anne-Marie’s grandmother, Princess Margaret of Connaught, received it as a wedding gift during her nuptials to future King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden in 1905. To hold the veil in place, Anne-Marie donned the Khedive of Egypt Tiara, which was another one of her grandmother Margaret’s wedding gifts.
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https://www.greekroyalfamily.gr/en/hm-king-constantine-ii.html
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en
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ΗΜ King Constantine II
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Official Website of the Greek Royal Family
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en
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/images/favicon-blue.png
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Greek Royal Family
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https://www.greekroyalfamily.gr/en/hm-king-constantine-ii.html
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Soon after the birth of the then Prince Constantine (2 June 1940), the Royal Family left Athens to take refuge on the island of Crete following the invasion of Greece by Nazi Germany. Since the family were at risk of being captured by German forces, King George II ordered his brother – and heir to the throne – Paul to seek sanctuary in Alexandria, Egypt.
The family of Prince Constantine subsequently left Alexandria for Cape Town, South Africa, where they lived under the protection of the Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa, Jan Christian Smuts. His younger sister, Princess Irene, was born in South Africa on 11 May 1942.
The 1946 referendum restored King George II to the throne, and the family of Prince Constantine returned to Greece.
Following the death of King George II in 1947, the Greek throne passed to Prince Constantine’s father, King Paul I. Now the heir apparent, Crown Prince Constantine attended the funeral of his uncle, King George II, holding his father by the hand during the funeral procession.
From 1949, Crown Prince Constantine was a pupil at the National Anavryta School in Athens, an institution founded on the educational principles developed by Kurt Hahn. He has spoken of just how much he enjoyed the camaraderie of boarding school and his interactions with the other children, forging lifelong ties of friendship.
While still a pupil at Anavryta, he also undertook military training each weekend, and – once he had completed his school studies – went on to train at three military academies (those of the Hellenic Army, Navy, and Air Force). On turning 18, as the only son of the reigning King and Queen, he swore allegiance to all three branches of the Hellenic Armed Forces.
In 1960, he commenced his studies at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Law School. During his student years, he also took part in numerous official engagements, accompanying his parents – King Paul I and Queen Frederica – on state visits to Italy, the United Kingdom, West Germany, Lebanon, Ethiopia, India, and Thailand.
King Paul I died on 6 March 1964 and was succeeded by his son and heir apparent, Crown Prince Constantine, who was crowned Constantine II, King of the Hellenes, at the age of 24.
Later that same year, he married Princess Anne-Marie, the youngest daughter of King Frederik IX of Denmark, whom he had first met in 1959 – while still the Crown Prince – on a stop made in Copenhagen during a visit to Sweden and Norway. He proposed during a sailing holiday they took together in Norway, and the royal couple were married in Athens on 18 September 1964.
Their first child, Princess Alexia, was born on 10 July 1965 at the Mon Repos Villa on the island of Corfu – the residence where Prince Philip of Greece, the Duke of Edinburgh was also born in 1921. Crown Prince Pavlos was born on 20 May 1967, Prince Nikolaos on 1 October 1969, Princess Theodora on 9 June 1983, and Prince Philippos on 26 April 1986.
On acceding to the throne, ΗΜ King Constantine II found himself facing a complex and challenging domestic political situation in Greece. His profound differences of opinion with the then Prime Minister George Papandreou led to the resignation of the government on 15 July 1965. There followed a period of intense political turmoil that eventually led to a military coup d’état on 21 April 1967.
Though beset by intense and conflicting pressures, the prime concern of His Majesty was always the safety of the Greek people. On a state visit to the United States of America, he declared: “This is not my government. The 21st of April was the worst day of my life.”
In December 1967, ΗΜ King Constantine II flew to the city of Kavala in northern Greece, where he led a counter-coup – an attempt to overthrow the Greek junta and restore democracy. He soon realised, however, that any further action might result in bloodshed and so took the decision to leave with his family for Rome, of his own accord.
During his stay in Rome, the King received frequent requests asking for his return to Greece, which he refused to do unless democracy was first restored.
In 1973, the leader of the military junta Georgios Papadopoulos formally deposed King Constantine II to establish Greece as a non-monarchical regime.
In 1981, ΗΜ King Constantine II returned to Greece with his family for the first time since 1967, though only for a few hours, in order to attend the funeral of his mother, Queen Frederica, who had died suddenly in Madrid of a heart attack. Though security forces were posted around the Royal Estate at Tatoi to stop the public from attending the funeral, crowds in their thousands still managed to gather in the pine forest that covers Paleocastro Hill in order to greet the family and pay their last respects to the Queen.
ΗΜ King Constantine II returned to Greece once more in 1993, this time on a private visit with his family lasting two weeks.
In 2013, Their Majesties King Constantine II & Queen Anne-Marie returned to permanently reside in Greece.
ΗΜ King Constantine II died on 10 January 2023, a few days after being admitted to the Hygeia Hospital in Athens. His entire beloved family were by his side when he passed.
ΗΜ King Constantine II was buried privately, and not accorded those honours reserved for a head of state on the decision of the Greek government. He was laid to rest in the Royal Cemetery at Tatoi.
The funeral of ΗΜ King Constantine II was held on Monday, 16 January 2023 at the Metropolitan Cathedral in Athens, after his body lay in repose for some hours inside the nearby Chapel of Saint Eleftherios, open to public viewing.
Crowds flocked to the Metropolitan Cathedral in Athens from the early hours to pay their respects to the last King of the Hellenes. The public also lined the streets down which the motorcade transferring his body to Tatoi passed. The event drew extensive coverage in both the Greek and international media.
The ceremony was officiated by His Beatitude Hieronymos II, the Archbishop of Athens and All Greece, in the presence of all twelve Metropolitan Bishops of the Holy Synod. Also in attendance at the Metropolitan Cathedral in Athens were seven heads of state, the representatives of royal houses, and close friends of the family.
The Greek government was represented by its Deputy Prime Minister, Mr. Panagiotis Pikrammenos, and by its Minister of Culture and Sports, Ms. Lina Mendoni.
The funeral ceremony ended with a moving eulogy delivered by a devastated Crown Prince Pavlos, honouring his father’s memory.
Once the ceremony was complete, the funeral procession left the Metropolitan Cathedral in Athens for the Royal Cemetery at Tatoi. The body of ΗΜ King Constantine II was first taken to the Chapel of the Resurrection on the estate, where Orthodox Trisagion [“thrice holy”] Prayers were chanted in his memory, before being borne to the Royal Cemetery, where the King was laid to rest beside his parents.
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https://www.lemonde.fr/en/obituaries/article/2023/01/12/constantine-ii-the-last-king-of-greece-dies-aged-82_6011371_15.html
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Constantine II, the last king of Greece, dies aged 82
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[] |
[] |
[
""
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[
"Marina Rafenberg"
] |
2023-01-12T00:00:00
|
The monarch came to the throne in 1964 and was stripped of his title in 1974 by referendum after the return of democracy.
|
en
|
/en/bucket/assets/8398b1e70c4572fbd1063bc9a7d188e805292a86/img/logos/favicon.ico
|
Le Monde.fr
|
https://www.lemonde.fr/en/obituaries/article/2023/01/12/constantine-ii-the-last-king-of-greece-dies-aged-82_6011371_15.html
|
An important chapter of Greek history ended on Wednesday, January 11, in Athens, with a deafening silence. The former king Constantine II died at the age of 82 in Athens. Some Greek media outlets refer to him as Constantine Glücksburg, not wishing to mention the royal title of the former monarch who was deposed in 1974.
The last member of the Danish dynasty to rule from 1863 until the return of the Parliamentary Republic was the cousin of the British monarch Charles III and one of the godparents of his son, Prince William, and the brother of Queen Sofia of Spain. But his death caused barely a rustle in Greece, a country that has been riven by divisions between royalists and democrats since its creation.
He will not be given the state funeral he had so much desired. Neither the Greek Prime Minister, Kyriakos Mitsotakis, nor the President of the Republic, Katerina Sakellaropoulou, will be present at his funeral on Monday, January 16. His death "marks the formal epilogue (...) of a chapter that was definitively closed with the 1974 referendum," when Greeks voted by 70% to abolish the monarchy, said the prime minister in a terse message of condolence. The conservative leader also recalled "the eventful journey of former King Constantine, marked and punctuated by turbulent moments in the contemporary history of Greece." "History now has the floor. It will judge fairly and severely the Constantine of public life," he concluded.
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Period of instability
Born in Athens on June 2, 1940, Constantine went into exile with his family when he was just one year old, first to Egypt and then to South Africa, after the invasion of Greece by Germany in 1941. In 1960, the young man, an elite sportsman, won a gold medal in sailing at the Olympic Games in Rome. Four years later, he married his young cousin, Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark, sister of the current Queen Margrethe II, and acceded to the Greek throne at the age of 23. Unprepared, he took the reins of a country troubled by deep political divisions. His disagreement with George Papandreou, the prime minister of the time, led to the latter's resignation in 1965 and to a period of instability that favored the seizure of power by the military junta on April 21, 1967.
"I was forced to accept it as a fait accompli in order to avoid pointless bloodshed," he said several years later to justify himself. Eight months after the colonels came to power, Constantine led a military countercoup that failed. "That was the worst day of my life. It was the day I saw my first white hair appear," he confessed to Greek newspaper To Vima in 2015. After this aborted attempt, he was forced to go into exile, with his family, first to Rome, then to London. Many Greeks would never forgive his role in the colonels' rise to power.
Never voted in an election
After the fall of the dictatorship and the establishment of the Greek Republic in 1974, Constantine lost his royal title by referendum. Deprived of his nationality and property in 1994, Constantin Glücksburg filed a complaint with the European Court of Human Rights to recover them. In 2002, Greece was ordered to pay more than €13 million to the royal family. In 2013, in the midst of the economic crisis, Constantine and Anne-Marie returned permanently to Greece after four decades of exile. "All Greeks who live in exile want to return. It's in their blood," he said at the time to the American magazine Town & Country.
He kept his distance from politics and said he never voted in any elections. According to the Greek media outlet Protagon, Constantine never accepted his deposition. His Danish diplomatic passport still read "Constantine, King of Greece." In an interview with the television channel Skai in 2016, he even said: "I am not the former King Constantine, I am King Constantine, period."
On Monday, January 16, Constantine will be buried in private in the presence of his wife and five children, and "near his ancestors" in the former royal residence in Tatoi, north of Athens.
Marina Rafenberg (Athens (Greece) correspondent)
Translation of an original article published in French on lemonde.fr; the publisher may only be liable for the French version.
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https://greekwedding.tripod.com/royallove.htm
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en
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Untitled Document
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"https://greekwedding.tripod.com/grec14.jpg"
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A Royal Love
Their love began innocently enough. The dashing heir to the throne of Greece and the youngest of three daughters of the King and Queen of Denmark. His name was Constantine and her name Anne-Marie.
The romance between the two began to blossom at an early age. The two youngsters first met in Copenhagen, when Anne-Marie was just 13. The Greek Royals were on an official visit to Denmark and, as a treat, the children were taken to the circus. With amazing intuition, King Paul leaned across to his wife and pointed out Anne-Marie. "Look, she is like a butterfly. I hope Tino marries her one day."
It took a little while for the chemistry to spark between the two. Anne-Marie later admitted that, on that first occasion, she had regarded Constantine, her third cousin, as just one more relative and was certain that he had felt the same way about her. However, there is a saying that one wedding leads to another and that proved prophetic in this instance.
The happy chain of events was set in motion by the marriage of the Duke of Kent and Miss Katherine Worsley in June 1960. During the celebrations, Crown Prince Constantine phoned his parents in Athens to alert them to the fact that Juan Carlos of Spain was paying a great deal of attention to his sister, Princess Sophia. Constantine's observation proved true as the couple exchanged vows two years later.
It was at the wedding party of Juan Carlos and Sophia that the 15 year old Anne-Marie and Constantine came to know each other and realized with all the enthusiasm of youth that they were falling in love. Their mutual attraction was certainly obvious for all to see. As the guest enjoyed themselves on the dance floor, Queen Frederica noticed that her son seemed to have eyes only for the beautiful Danish Rose. Like any dutiful hostess, Frederica wandered over to her son and chided him "Tino, will you please look after the other girls?" But the Crown Prince who was plainly smitten replied,"I'm sorry, but I don't want anybody to get the same idea about Anne-Marie as I have."
After the wedding Constantine was a frequent visitor to Copenhagen, where he escorted each of the three Princesses. The press began to suspect that something was in the offing, but most assumed that he was courting Anne-Marie's older sister Benedikte. The following summer he and Anne-Marie were in Norway, Anne-Marie was enjoying a holiday with her former governess, while Constantine was there to compete in a series of yacht races. The two spent a lot of time in each other company. Constantine was an ardent suitor and impetuously proposed marriage. Anne-Marie accepted Constantine's proposal with delight. He immediately told the news to his parents who wholeheartedly agreed with his choice. However, there was reservation in the Copenhagen Court.
At first, the Danish King was hesitant about the engagement. Anne-Marie was still in school and, in her father's eyes too young to contemplate marriage. There was no doubting however that the two youngsters were in love with each other and eventually the King's attitude softened. He gave his consent for the match, but with some stipulations. He stated firmly that the wedding could not take place until after Anne-Marie had completed her education and that no public announcement of the engagement be made before the start of the following year, 1963. Until then, the couple were bound to secrecy.
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https://www.express.co.uk/news/royal/1721876/king-constantine-greece-charles-diana-wedding-spt
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en
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Constantine II: How former king provoked guestlist drama at Charles and Diana's wedding
|
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[
"Sophie McCabe"
] |
2023-01-16T12:37:00+00:00
|
King Constantine II, whose funeral was held on Monday, was among the 3,500 guests at the wedding of then-Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer.
|
en
|
https://cdn.images.express.co.uk/favicon.ico
|
Express.co.uk
|
https://www.express.co.uk/news/royal/1721876/king-constantine-greece-charles-diana-wedding-spt
|
Constantine remained in exile for forty years after the vote in favour of the republic. He was firmly discouraged from returning to his home country, guidance he followed until February 1981 — when he returned for the funeral of his mother, Queen Frederica. The government allowed him to return for only a few hours.
In the years that followed, Constantine was embroiled in legal disputes with the Greek state. Deprived of his nationality and property in 1994, the former king filed a complaint with the European Court of Human Rights to recover them. Then, in 2002, Greece was ordered to pay more than €13 million (£8 million) to the royal family as monetary compensation for the lost property.
Constantine and his wife Anne-Marie lived in London for several years, bringing up their five children at their home in Hampstead. It was there that the couple socialised with members of high society, including Charles and Diana, Princess of Wales. The former king was made godfather to the Prince and Princess of Wales’ first son, Prince William.
In 2013, 49 years after they initially fled Greece, Constantine and Anne-Marie returned permanently to their country. “All Greeks who live in exile want to return. It's in their blood,” he said at the time to the magazine Town & Country.
|
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22781
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https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/11/king-constantine-ii-of-greece
|
en
|
King Constantine II of Greece obituary
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[
"Stephen Bates",
"www.theguardian.com"
] |
2023-01-11T00:00:00
|
Former Greek ruler who was toppled from the throne in a military coup that led to the abolition of the monarchy
|
en
|
the Guardian
|
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/11/king-constantine-ii-of-greece
|
By the standards of the hapless Greek monarchy, Constantine II, the last king of the Hellenes, who has died aged 82, led a comfortable life in exile after a brief and turbulent reign. Of the seven Greek monarchs of the 19th and 20th centuries, three were deposed, one assassinated, two abdicated and one died of septicaemia after being bitten by a barbary ape in the royal gardens.
The Glücksburg monarchy was German-Danish in origin, imposed on Greece in the 1830s. During prolonged wrangling after Constantine’s deposition, the Greek government refused to give him a passport until he acknowledged that he was Mr Glücksburg, whereas he insisted he was just plain Constantine. As the last of Greece’s deposed monarchs he escaped lightly. But decades of exile in London, as one thing the Greeks did not want back from Britain, were not how he would have chosen to spend his life.
In Hampstead Garden Suburb, Constantine lived in some state – apparently supported largely by donations from Greek monarchists – and visitors were expected to address him as Your Majesty. He was included in many invitations by the British royal family, to whom, like most of Europe’s monarchies, he was related. Prince Philip was his father’s first cousin, King Charles III his second cousin and Queen Elizabeth II a third cousin, and he was a godfather to Prince William. His wife was a Danish princess, the sister of Denmark’s Queen Margrethe II, and his sister Sofía became queen of Spain. Only in Greece was he unrecognised, and he was not allowed to return to live there until 2013, long after the events that had toppled him from the throne after a military coup in 1967 and resulted in the abolition of the monarchy in Greece in 1973.
In many ways, Constantine was a victim of the vicious political infighting that has characterised Greek politics and its society for much of the period since the second world war. It perhaps needed a stronger, more experienced and more resolute approach to surmount the crises of his three-year reign than the young man in his early 20s could manage. In later life he said in an interview that he might have liked to be an actor or a journalist, but his fate was to spend his life as an ex-king, harried by Greek politicians and in turn harassing them in a prolonged legal fight for compensation for his family’s lost property, eventually through the European court of human rights.
Born in Athens, Constantine was the son of the Greek crown prince, Paul, the younger brother of King George II, and his German-born wife Princess Frederica, and was taken into exile as a baby following the Italian and then Nazi invasions of the country in 1940-41. His early years were spent first in Egypt and then in South Africa, before the family returned to Greece following the referendum that restored George to the throne in 1946. George died the following year, and Paul became king.
Constantine was educated at a private high school in Athens, modelled on the same lines as the German educationist Kurt Hahn’s principles at Gordonstoun, and afterwards attended Athens University to study law. A keen sailor, Constantine was a member of Greece’s winning sailing team at the 1960 Rome Olympics – the country’s first gold medal in nearly 50 years.
He succeeded to the throne aged 23 on his father’s death in March 1964, becoming head of state in a country that had not got over the civil war between communists and the Greek government of 1946-49, and where political tensions and divisions continued to run deep. The CIA, desperate to avoid Greece falling into communist hands, was also active in Athens. Greece was a strategic pawn between the US and the Soviet Union, each anxious to pull the country into its sphere of influence in the eastern Mediterranean. At the same time, it was attempting to modernise with social and economic reforms as an associate member and applicant to join the Common Market.
The month before Constantine came to the throne, a general election had produced a centrist – moderate, leftwing – government under George Papandreou, following 11 years of rightwing government. Within a year, relations between the king and his prime minister were breaking down. Conservative army officers were alarmed by a perceived leftwards drift among the junior ranks, who were supported by Papandreou’s Harvard-educated son Andreas. When George Papandreou announced that he would take over the defence ministry himself, Constantine refused to allow him to do so, and the government resigned. In the hiatus that followed, the king attempted to appoint a government without holding an election and was accused of acting unconstitutionally.
When elections were finally called in April 1967, the likely re-election of Papandreou was forestalled by an army coup led by colonels. Constantine initially appeared to go along with the insurgents. He argued later that he had had no choice as the palace was surrounded by army tanks, but there were also persistent suggestions that he had been urged by the American embassy to do so in order to avoid another radical government. Many Greeks and civilian politicians never forgave the king for acceding to the coup, but within months he attempted a counter-coup of his own, fleeing to loyalist troops in the northern city of Kavala that December in an attempt to create a rival military support and force the junta to resign.
The operation was poorly organised and, although the air force and navy declared their support, the army and its officers rallied to the coup leaders. Support for the king melted away within 24 hours. Fearing bloodshed if it came to a military confrontation, Constantine and his family fled into exile, first in Rome and then a few years later in London.
There was no going back for the king. The junta, led by Colonel Georgios Papadopoulos, brutally consolidated their regime using censorship, mass arrests of opponents, torture and imprisonments, and were not going to reinstate Constantine after his attempted coup. When monarchist navy officers unsuccessfully attempted to overthrow the colonels in June 1973, Papadopoulos declared the country a republic, endorsed subsequently in a plebiscite widely assumed to have been rigged.
Nonetheless, when the regime fell following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, to be succeeded by a civilian government, a further referendum was held to determine whether the king should be restored. Constantine was not allowed to return in order to campaign on his own behalf, though he was allowed to broadcast an address from London in which he apologised for his previous errors. But his maladroit interference with the civilian governments before the coup was held against him and the outcome of the vote in December 1974 was heavily in favour of a republic: by 69% to 31%.
Thereafter, for decades, Constantine was prevented from visiting Greece except briefly and on rare occasions: for his mother’s funeral in 1981 and for an attempted holiday in 1993, when he found his yacht was constantly harried by torpedo boats and aeroplanes. The following year, the Greek government revoked his citizenship and passport and seized the royal family’s property. “The law basically said that I had to go out and acquire a name. The problem is that my family originates from Denmark and the Danish royal family haven’t got a surname,” he said, adding that Glücksburg was the name of a place not a family: “I might as well call myself Mr Kensington.”
In 2000, the court of human rights found for the king in relation to the property, though it could only order compensation, not the return of his extensive estates nor the royal palace at Tatoi and awarded him only 12m euros (around £10m), rather than the 500m he had asked for: a reduction that the Greek government counted as a triumphant vindication. It nevertheless took another two years to pay the money and, when it did so, the government took it from its extraordinary natural disasters fund rather than general reserves. In retaliation, Constantine used the money to set up a charitable foundation in the name of his wife to assist Greeks suffering from natural disasters. He said: “I feel the Greek government have acted unjustly and vindictively. They treat me sometimes as if I am their enemy – I am not the enemy. I consider it the greatest insult in the world for a Greek to be told he is not a Greek.”
Generally, while expressing a wish to be allowed to live in Greece, which was granted in 2013, Constantine seemed equable about his fate and did not attempt to regain the throne. “All I want is to have my home back and to be able to travel in and out of Greece like every other Greek. I don’t have to be in Greece as head of state. I am quite happy to be there as a private citizen,” he told the Sunday Telegraph in 2000. “Forget the past, we are a republic now. Let’s get on with the future.”
Constantine is survived by his wife, Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark, whom he married in 1964; and their three sons, Pavlos, Philippos and Nikolaos, and two daughters, Alexia and Theodora.
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